marine radar - furuno usa · 2018-12-26 · danger safety arrangements all known steps are taken in...

MARINE RADAR

MODEL MODEL 821/841

C

9 - 5 2 , A s h i h a r a - c h o , N i s h i n o m i y a , J a p a n

Te l e p h o n e : 0 7 9 8 - 6 5 - 2 111 Te l e f a x : 0 7 9 8 - 6 5 - 4 2 0 0

Yo u r L o c a l A g e n t / D e a l e r

A l l r i g h t s r e s e rv e d .

PUB. No . OME-34160 M O D E L 8 2 1 / 8 4 1 (Y OS H )

F I R S T E D I T I O N : A U G. 1 9 9 5 G : J A N . 11 , 2 0 0 1 Printed in Japan

DANGER

Safety Arrangements

All known steps are taken in the design of this radar to ensure that electromagnetic radiofrequency energy radiated by the equipment will not be a hazard to personnel. This is true ifthe following precautions are met.

• Each piece of equipment is grounded to an adequate grounding terminal or the ship or anymobile unit which carries the equipment. The grounding line should be as short as pos-sible.

Electrical Shock Hazard

This equipment contains high voltages which can cause severe in-jury or death. Any installation, internal adjustment, servicing andrepair must be performed by qualified service personnel totally fa-miliar with electrical circuits and servicing of the equipment.

Ground both the Display Unit and the Antenna Unit

Both the display unit and the antenna unit must be grounded. An un-grounded unit can cause electrical shock when its metallic parts are touchedand receive or give off electromagnetic interference.

Useable Environment

This radar is designed and manufactured to be used on board marine ves-sels. Use in other environments may cause interference to other equipment.

SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNING

Hazardous voltages.Can shock, burn orcause death.

Only qualified person-nel should work insidethe units of the radar.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ..................................... iiSPECIFICATIONS ........................... iiiEQUIPMENT LIST .......................... viiCONFIGURATION ......................... viii

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ....... 1

1.1 What is Radar?..................................... 11.2 How Ships Determined Position Before

Radar .................................................... 11.3 How Radar Determines Range ............ 11.4 How Radar Determines Bearing .......... 11.5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rota-

tion Speed ............................................. 11.6 The Radar Display ............................... 1

2. OPERATION

2.1 Control Description ............................. 32.2 Display Indications and Markers ......... 42.3 Turning the Radar On and Off ............. 42.4 Transmitting ......................................... 52.5 Selecting the Range ............................. 52.6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and Display Tone ........................................ 52.7 Adjusting Control Panel Brilliance ...... 52.8 Adjusting GAIN, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC ............................................... 62.9 Tuning the Receiver ............................. 72.10 Measuring the Range ......................... 82.11 Measuring the Bearing ....................... 82.12 Menu Operation ................................. 92.13 Selecting the Display Mode ..............112.14 The Window Display ....................... 122.15 Selecting the Presentation Mode ..... 122.16 Guard Alarm .................................... 132.17 Suppressing Radar Interference ....... 142.18 Suppressing Noise Interference ....... 152.19 Selecting Pulselength ....................... 152.20 Off Centering the Display................ 152.21 Echo Trails ....................................... 162.22 The Navigation Data Display .......... 162.23 Echo Stretch ..................................... 172.24 Selecting Unit of Measurement for Range ......................................... 182.25 Selecting Bearing Reference............ 18

2.26 Watchman ........................................ 182.27 Erasing the Heading Marker ............ 192.28 Deselecting Ranges .......................... 192.29 Displaying Navigation Data During Stand-by ........................................... 192.30 Outputting Cursor Position to Navigator ......................................... 202.31 Displaying Cursor Position, Range and Bearing to Cursor ...................... 202.32 Visual Alarm Indications ................. 20

3. INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY

3.1 The Radar Wave and Radar Horizon . 213.2 Target Properties and Radar Wave Reflection ........................................... 213.3 Range Resolution ............................... 223.4 Bearing Resolution ............................ 223.5 False Echoes ...................................... 223.6 Nautical Chart and Radar Picture ...... 24

4. MAINTENANCE &TROUBLESHOOTING

4.1 Safety Information ............................. 254.2 Preventative Maintenance .................. 264.3 Replacing the Fuse............................. 264.4 Troubleshooting ................................. 274.5 Self Test ............................................. 28

5. INSTALLATION

5.1 Antenna Unit Installation ................... 295.2 Display Unit Installation .................... 365.3 Installation Check List ....................... 395.4 Initial Adjustment of Picture .............. 405.5 Displaying the Installation Menus ..... 405.6 Entering Initial Settings ..................... 415.7 Relative Bearing Alignment .............. 415.8 Sweep Timing .................................... 425.9 Closing the Installation Menus .......... 425.10 Signal cable connection ................... 44

OUTLINE DRAWINGS .................. D-1INTERCONNECTIONDIAGRAMS ................................... S-1SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS............. S-3Declaration of Conformity

ii

FOREWORD

Congratulations on your choice of theFURUNO MODEL 821/MODEL 841 Ma-rine Radar. We are confident you will seewhy the FURUNO name has become syn-onymous with quality and reliability.

For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Com-pany has enjoyed an enviable reputation forinnovative and dependable marine electron-ics equipment. This dedication to excellenceis furthered by our extensive global networkof agents and dealers.

Your radar is designed and constructed tomeet the rigorous demands of the marine en-vironment. However, no machine can per-form its intended function unless properlyinstalled and maintained. Please carefullyread and follow the recommended proce-dures for installation, operation and main-tenance.

While this unit can be installed by the pur-chaser, any purchaser who has doubts abouthis or her technical abilities may wish tohave the unit installed by a FURUNO rep-resentative or other qualified technician. Theimportance of a thorough installation can-not be overemphasized.

We would appreciate hearing from you, theend-user, about whether we are achievingour purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasingFURUNO equipment.

Features

Your radar has a large variety of functions,all contained in a remarkably small cabinet.

The main features of the MODEL 821/MODEL 841 are:

• Traditional FURUNO reliability andquality in a compact, lightweight andlow-cost radar.

• Smartly styled, light-weight and compactradome antenna fits even on small yachts.

• Durable brushless antenna motor.

• High definition 8" LCD raster-scan dis-play.

• On-screen alphanumeric readout of alloperational information.

• Standard features include EBL (Elec-tronic Bearing Line), VRM (VariableRange Marker), Guard Alarm, DisplayOff Center and Echo Trail.

• Watchman feature periodically transmitsthe radar to check for radar targets whichmay be entering (or exiting) the alarmzone.

• Operates on 10.2 to 31.2 V DC powersupply and consumes about 40 W.

• Ship’s position in latitude and longitude(or Loran C Time Differences), range andbearing to a waypoint, ship’s speed, head-ing and course can be shown in the bot-tom text area. (Requires a navigation aidwhich can output such data in NMEA0183 format.)

• Zoom feature provided.

iii

SPECIFICATIONS–MODEL 821

Antenna Unit

1. RadiatorPrinted array

2. Radiator length40 cm

3. Horizontal beamwidth5.7°

4. Vertical beamwidth30˚

5. SidelobeLess than -20dB

6. PolarizationHorizontal

7. Antenna rotation speed24 rpm

8. Wind resistanceRelative wind speed 100 kts (51.5 m/s)

Transceiver Module(contained in radome)

1. Transmitting tubeMagnetron E3587

2. Frequency9410 MHz ±30MHz, P0N (X band)

3. Peak output power2 kW

4. Pulselength & pulse repetition rate0.12µs, 2100 Hz (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 nm)0.3µs, 1200 Hz (1, 1.5, 2 nm)0.8µs, 600 Hz (3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 nm)

5. Warm-up time1:30

6. ModulatorFET switching method

7. I. F.60 MHz

8. TuningAutomatic or manual

9. Receiver front endMIC (Microwave IC)

10. Bandwidth7 MHz

11. DuplexerCirculator with diode limiter

Display Unit

1. Indication systemPPI raster scan

2. Display8-inch diagonal LCD, STN semi-transparent, yellow mode

3. Range scales (nm)Range, Ring Interval: 0.125(0.0625),0.25(0.125), 0.5(0.125), 0.75(0.25),1(0.25), 1.5(0.5), 2(0.5), 3(1), 4(1),6(2), 8(2), 12(3), 16(4), 24(6)

4. Bearing resolution6.2˚

5. Bearing accuracyBetter than 1˚

6. Range discriminationBetter than 25 m

7. Range ring accuracy& discrimination0.9% or range in use or 8 m,whichever is larger

8. Minimum rangeBetter than 37 m

9. MarkersHeading marker, Bearing scale, Rangering, VRM, EBL, Waypoint (option),Tuning indicator, Alarm zone, Cursor

10. Alphanumeric indicationStandard: Electronic Bearing Line(EBL), Echo Stretch (ES), RainClutter Rejection (FTC), Alarm(G), Interference Rejection (IR),Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Trail Time(TRAIL), Variable Range Marker(VRM), Range, Range Ring Interval,Range and Bearing to Cursor (+), OffCenter (OFF CENTER), Watchman(WATCHMAN)

iv

With navigation input (option): Course(CRS), Latitude and longitude, Speed(SPD), Range and bearing to waypoint(WP), Cross Track Error (XTE), Dateand time, Water depth, Watertemperature. (This radar hasonly two data input ports. To receive data from more than two equipment install an mixing device.)

11. VibrationVibration freq. Total amplitude5 to 12.5 Hz ±1.6 mm12 to 25 Hz ±0.35 mm25 to 50 Hz ±0.10 mm

12. Ambient TemperatureAntenna unit: –20˚C to +70˚CDisplay unit: 0˚C to +60˚CDue to the inherent nature of the LCDits contrast may be affected underambient temperature below 0˚C (32˚F)or above 50˚C (122˚F).

13. HumidityRelative humidity 95% or less at+40˚C

14. WaterproofingDisplay unit: IEC Pub no. 529 IPX5Antenna unit: IEC Pub no. 945 class X

15. Power supply &power consumption12 V or 24V(10.2 V to 31.2 V DC),40 W approx.

16. Protection featuresProtection against reverse polarity,overvoltage, overcurrent, and internalfault

17. Compass safe distance

SPECIFICATIONS–MODEL 841

Antenna Unit

1. RadiatorPrinted array

2. Radiator length54 cm

3. Horizontal beamwidth4°

4. Vertical beamwidth25˚

5. Sidelobe-20 dB within main lobe-23 dB outside main lobe

6. PolarizationHorizontal

7. Antenna rotation speed24 rpm

8. Wind resistanceRelative wind speed 100 kts (51.5 m/s)

Transceiver Module(contained in radome)

1. Transmitting tubeMagnetron MG5248

2. Frequency9410 MHz ±30MHz, P0N (X band)

3. Peak output power4 kW

4. Pulselength & pulse repetition rate0.08µs, 2100 Hz (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 nm)0.3µs, 1200 Hz (1, 1.5, 2 nm)0.8µs, 600 Hz (3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 nm)

5. Warm-up time2:30

6. Modulator switching methodFET

7. I. F.60 MHz

8. TuningAutomatic or manual

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9. Receiver front endMIC (Michoeave IC)

10. Bandwidth7 MHz

11. DuplexerCirculator with diode limiter

Display Unit

1. Indication systemPPI raster scan

2. Display8-inch diagonal LCD, STN semi-transparent, yellow mode

3. Range scales (nm)Range, Ring Interval: 0.125(0.0625),0.25(0.125), 0.5(0.125), 0.75(0.25),1(0.25), 1.5(0.5), 2(0.5), 3(1), 4(1),6(2), 8(2), 12(3), 16(4), 24(6), 36 (6)

4. Bearing resolution6.2˚

5. Bearing accuracyBetter than 1˚

6. Range discriminationBetter than 25 m

7. Range ring accuracy& discrimination0.9% or range in use or 8 m,whichever is larger

8. Minimum rangeBetter than 37 m

9. MarkersHeading marker, Bearing scale, Rangering, VRM, EBL, Waypoint (option),Tuning indicator, Alarm zone, Cursor

10. Alphanumeric indicationStandard: Electronic Bearing Line(EBL), Echo Stretch (ES), RainClutter Rejection (FTC), Alarm(G), Interference Rejection (IR),Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Trail Time(TRAIL), Variable Range Marker(VRM), Range, Range Ring Interval,Range and Bearing to Cursor (+), OffCenter (OFF CENTER), Watchman(WATCHMAN)

With navigation input (option): Course(CRS), Latitude and longitude, Speed(SPD), Range and bearing to waypoint(WP), Cross Track Error (XTE), Dateand time, Water depth, Watertemperature. (This radar has only twodata input ports. To receive data frommore than two equipment install anmixing device.)

11. VibrationVibration freq. Total amplitude5 to 12.5 Hz ±1.6 mm12 to 25 Hz ±0.35 mm25 to 50 Hz ±0.10 mm

12. Ambiont temperatureAntenna unit: –20˚C to +70˚CDisplay unit: 0˚C to +60˚CDue to the inherent nature of the LCDits contrast may be affected underambient temperature below 0˚C (32˚F)or above 50˚C (122˚F).

13. HumidityRelative humidity 95% or less at+40˚C

14. WaterproofingDisplay unit: IEC Pub no. 529 IPX5Antenna unit: IEC Pub no. 945 class X

15. Power supply &power consumption12 V or 24V(10.2 V to 31.2 V DC),40 W approx.

16. Protection featuresProtection against reverse polarity,overvoltage, overcurrent, and internalfault

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17. Compass safe distance

Interface NMEA (MODEL 821/841)

Input

Own ship’s position : RMA>RMC>GLL(GLL is available Ver.5 and after.)

Speed : RMA>RMC>VTG>VHW

Heading(True): HDT>VHW>HDG>VHW>HDM

Heading (Magnetic):HDM>VHW>HDG>VHW>HDM

Course (True):RMA>RMC>VTG

Course (Magnetic)VTG>RMA>RMC

Waypoint (L/L, Range, Bearing):RMB>BWC>BWR

Loran time difference :RMA>GLC>GTD

Water depth : DPT>DBK, DBS, DBT

Water temperature : MDA>MTW

Time : ZDA

XTE : RMB>XTE>APB

Output

TLL : On using “HM OFF” key.

RSD : A cycle of four seconds

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5A

NAV

Video Sounder

Gyro Gyro ConverterAD-100

*Equivalent to NMEA0183

Option

IEC 1162*

IEC 1162*

(In/Out)

(In)

Fluxgate HeadingSensor C-2000

Antenna Unit(MODEL 821)

Remote DisplayFMD-811

External AlarmBuzzer OP03-136

RectifierRP-62

10.2~31.2VDC 115/230VAC

MODEL 821/841

CONFIGURATION OFMODEL 821/841

1

1. PRINCIPLE OFOPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?

The term "RADAR" is an acronym mean-ing RAdio Detection And Ranging. Al-though the basic principles of radar weredeveloped during World War II, primarilyby scientists in Great Britain and the UnitedStates, the use of echoes as an aid to navi-gation is not a new development.

1.2 How Ships DeterminedPosition Before Radar

Before the invention of radar, when runningin fog near a rugged shoreline, ships wouldsound a short blast on their whistles, fire ashot, or strike a bell. The time between theorigination of the sound and the returningof the echo indicated how far the ship wasfrom the cliffs or the shore. The directionfrom which the echo was heard indicatedthe relative bearing of the shore.

1.3 How Radar DeterminesRange

Radar determines the distance to the targetby calculating the time difference betweenthe transmission of a radar signal and thereception of the reflected echo. It is a knownfact that radar waves travel at a nearly con-stant speed of 162,000 nautical miles persecond. Therefore the time required for atransmitted signal to travel to the target andreturn as an echo to the source is a measureof the distance to the target. Note that theecho makes a complete round trip, but onlyhalf the time of travel is needed to deter-mine the one-way distance to the target. Thisradar automatically takes this into accountin making the range calculation.

1.4 How Radar DeterminesBearing

The bearing to a target found by the radar isdetermined by the direction in which theradar scanner antenna is pointing when itemits an electronic pulse and then receivesa returning echo. Each time the scanner ro-tates pulses are transmitted in the full 360degree circle, each pulse at a slightly differ-ent bearing from the previous one. There-fore, if one knows the direction in which thesignal is sent out, one knows the directionfrom which the echo must return.

1.5 Radar Wave Speed andAntenna Rotation Speed

Note that the speed of the radar waves outto the target and back again as echoes is ex-tremely fast compared to the speed of rota-tion of the antenna. By the time radar echoeshave returned to the scanner, the amount ofscanner rotation after initial transmission ofthe radar pulse is extremely small.

1.6 The Radar Display

The range and bearing of a target is displayedon what is called a Plan Position Indicator(PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia-gram, with the transmitting ship’s positionat the center. Images of target echoes arereceived and displayed at their relative bear-ings, and at their distance from the PPI cen-ter.

With a continuous display of the images oftargets, the motion of the transmitting shipis also displayed.

2

A

BC

D

Own ship(radar)

DA

BC

Heading markerTargets

Own shipin center

Range and bearingof a target, relativeto own ship, arereadable on the PPI.

(A) Bird's eye view of situation (B) Radar picture of (A)

Figure 1-1 How radar works

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2. OPERATION

2.1 Control Description

Cursor padShift cursor, VRMand EBL; selectitems and optionson menu.

Selects display mode;erases heading error

indication.

Turns power on/off.

Adjusts display brilliance.

Sets radar in stand-by;transmits radar pulse.

Selects radar range.

Plots targets' trails.

Opens/closes menus.

Turns the VRM on/off.Turns the EBLon/off.

ENT MENU

ECHO HMOFF

RANGE

TONE BRILL

EBL VRM

TRAIL RINGS

GUARD OFFCENTER

DISPMODE

ST-BYTX

POWER

Erases heading marker;selects cursor data (Lat/Long, R/B);outputs cursor position.

Turns the rangerings on/off.

Off centersthe display.

Sets guardzone area.

Adjusts displaytone.

Press to adjust gain,A/C RAIN, STC

and FTC.

Registers selectionon menus.

Figure 2-1 Control panel

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2.2 Display Indications and Markers

0.5

Range

Range ring intervalEcho trail, AUTO tuningEcho trail elapsed time,echo trail time, tuning indicatorGuard zoneFast Time Constant(rain clutter suppressor)Echo stretchInterference rejector

EBL

Range ring

Cursor

Heading marker

Guard zonearea

VRM

HDG 326.8°

SPPulsewidth

Heading (requiresheading data)

OFFCENTER

1.5NM

Off center

VRM EBL + CURSOR

0.675NM 220.9°R 0.646NM 308.7°R

TRAIL AUTO15S

G (IN)FTC1

ESIR

0:00

VRMrange

EBLbearing

Cursorrange

Cursorbearing

}Range and bearing to cursoror cursor position in latitudeand longitude may be displayedby pressing the [HM OFF] key.

CUPresentation mode

Figure 2-2 Display indications

2.3 Turning the Radar On andOff

Turning the radar on

Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar onor off. The control panel lights and a timerdisplays the time remaining for warm up ofthe magnetron (the device which producesradar pulses), counting down from 2:30(MODEL 841) or 1:30 (MODEL 821) to0:01.

Note: When the power is reapplied within acertain amount of time and circuits remaincharged, the warmup process is skipped—youcan transmit immediately.

Note: When the heading signal is lost, the HDGreadout at the top of the screen shows ***.*.This warning stays on when the heading sig-nal is restored to warn the operator that thereadout may be unrealiable. The warning maybe erased by pressing the [DISP MODE] key,

CAUTIONThe radar antenna emits high frequencyradio radiation which can be harmful,particularly to your eyes. Never lookdirectly at the antenna from a distance ofless than two feet when the radar is inoperation. Always make sure no one is nearthe antenna before turning on the radar.

5

2.4 Transmitting

After the power is turned on and the mag-netron has warmed up, ST-BY (Stand-By)appears at the screen center. This means theradar is now fully operational. In stand-bythe radar is available for use at anytime—but no radar waves are being transmitted.

Press the [ST-BY TX] key to transmit. Whentransmitting, any echoes from targets appearon the display. This radar displays echoes infour tones of gray according to echo strength.

When you won’t be using the radar for anextended period but want to keep it in a stateof readiness, press the [ST-BY TX] key toset the radar in stand-by.

2.5 Selecting the Range

The range selected automatically determinesthe range ring interval, the number of rangerings, pulselength and pulse repetition rate,for optimal detection capability in short tolong ranges.

Procedure

Press the [– RANGE +] key. The range andrange ring interval appear at the top left cor-ner on the display.

Tips for selecting the range

• When navigating in or around crowdedharbors, select a short range to watch forpossible collision situations.

• If you select a lower range while on openwater, increase the range occasionally towatch for vessels that may be headingyour way.

2.6 Adjusting LCD Backlightingand Display Tone

The [BRILL] key adjusts the LCD back-lighting in eight levels, including off. The[TONE] key adjusts the tone (contrast) ofthe display in 32 levels, including off.

Procedure

1) Press the [BRILL] key (or [TONE] key).The display shown in Figure 2-3 appears.

BRILLDOWN

BRILLUP

TONEDOWN

19 7 <MENU TO EXIT>

Item selectedfor adjustment

Tonesetting

TONEUP

LCD brilliancesetting

Figure 2-3 Display for adjustment ofbrilliance and tone

2) Press the [BRILL] key (or [TONE] key)to set level. For fine adjustment, presscursor pad at 12o'clock/6 o'clock for bril-liance and 3o'clock/9o'clock for tone.

2.7 Adjusting Control PanelBrilliance

Procedure

1) Press the [MENU] key.

2) Press the cursor pad to select Backlight/Brilliance and press the [ENT] key.

3) Press the cursor pad to select Panel.

4) Press the cursor pad to select brilliancelevel; 4 is the highest.

5) Press the [ENT] key followed by the[MENU] key.

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2.8 Adjusting GAIN, STC, A/CRAIN and FTC

General procedure

The [ECHO] key enables adjustment of thegain, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC.

1) Press the [ECHO] key. The following dis-play appears.

AUTO 1 2 3MAN

AUTO 1 2 3MAN

GAIN

STC ◆

◆

[[

A/C RAIN 00 FTC 0 1 2

12ECHO KEYTO EXIT

Currentlevel


Figure 2-4 Display for adjustment ofGAIN, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC

2) Press the cursor pad to select item to ad-just. Current selection is circumscribedby dashed rectangle.

3) Press [ENT].

3) Press the cursor pad to set level.

4) Press the [ECHO] key to finish.

How to adjust the gain (sensitivity)

The gain works in precisely the same man-ner as the volume control of a broadcast re-ceiver, amplifying the signals received.

You can adjust the gain automatically ormanually. For manual adjustment, adjust thesensitivity on the highest range—the back-ground noise is clearer on that range. Theproper setting is such that the backgroundnoise is just visible on the screen. If you setup for too little gain, weak echoes may bemissed. On the contrary excessive gainyields too much background noise; strongtargets may be missed because of the poorcontrast between desired echoes and thebackground noise on the display.

How to adjust STC (suppressing seaclutter)

Echoes from waves can be troublesome,covering the central part of the display withrandom signals known as sea clutter. Thehigher the waves, and the higher the scan-ner above the water, the further the clutterwill extend. Sea clutter appears on the dis-play as many small echoes which might af-fect radar performance. (See the left-handfigure in Figure 2-5).

The STC reduces the amplification of ech-oes at short ranges (where clutter is the great-est) and progressively increasesamplification as the range increases, so am-plification will be normal at those rangeswhere there is no sea clutter. The control iseffective up to about 4 miles.

STC can be adjusted automatically or manu-ally. For manual adjustment, first adjust thegain and then transmit on short range. Ad-just the STC level such that the clutter isbroken up into small dots, and small targetsbecome distinguishable. If the setting is settoo low, targets will be hidden in the clutter,while if it is set too high, both sea clutterand targets will disappear from the display.In most cases adjust so clutter has disap-peared to leeward, but a little is still visiblewindward.

If there is no clutter visible on the display,turn off the circuit.

Sea clutter atdisplay center

STC adjusted;sea clutter suppressed.

Figure 2-5 Effect of STC

7

How to adjust A/C RAIN and FTC(suppressing rain clutter)

The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is de-signed to see surface targets even when theship is rolling. However, by this design theunit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow,hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal tar-gets. Figure 2-6 shows the appearance of rainclutter on the display.

Adjusting A/C RAIN

When rain clutter masks echoes over a widerange, raise the A/C RAIN slightly to dis-tinguish targets from the clutter.

Appearance ofrain clutter

A/C RAIN adjusted;rain clutter suppressed.

Figure 2-6 Effect of A/C RAIN

Adjusting FTC

To suppress rain clutter from heavy stormsor scattered rain clutter, adjust the FTC. TheFTC circuit splits up these unwanted ech-oes into a speckled pattern, making recog-nition of solid targets easier. FTC andselected level appear at the top right-handcorner of the display when the circuit isturned on.

Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the FTCcan be used in fine weather to clarify the pic-ture when navigating in confined waters. How-ever, with the circuit activated the receiver isless sensitive. Therefore, turn off the circuitwhen its function is not required.

2.9 Tuning the Receiver

The receiver can be tuned automatically ormanually. For automatic tuning the receiveris tuned each time you switch from stand-by to transmit. For manual tuning, the re-ceiver is properly tuned when the longesttuning indicator appears. (However, thelength of the indicator changes with the num-ber of radar echoes, range and other factors.)

Figure 2-7 Tuning indicator

Manual tuning

The default tuning method is automatic. Toswitch to manual tuning;

1) Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2) Press the cursor pad to select Tuning.

3) Press the cursor pad to select MANUAL.


How to tune manually

While pressing and holding down the [HMOFF] key, press the 9 o'clock or 3o'clockposition on the cursor pad to tune. Tune toshow the longest tuning indicator.

1.5NM 0.5

AUTO

Tuningindicator

8

1.5NM 0.5

VRMrange

VRM

Target

VRM EBL + CURSOR

0.675NM 220.9°R 0.675NM 308.7°R

Figure 2-8 Measuring range by the VRM

2.11 Measuring the Bearing

There are two ways to measure the bearingto a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL(Electronic Bearing Line).

By cursor

Operate the cursor pad to bisect the targetwith the cursor intersection. The bearing tothe target appears at the bottom right-handcorner of the display.

By EBL

1) Press the [EBL] key to display the EBL.

2) Press the cursor pad to bisect the targetwith the EBL. (The cursor appears and islinked with the EBL, allowing you tomeasure both bearing and range to thetarget.)

3) Check the EBL readout at the bottom left-hand corner of the display to find the bear-ing to the target.

Note: The EBL is automatically anchored whenno cursor pad key is operated within about 10seconds.

2.10 Measuring the Range

You can measure the range to a target threeways: by the range rings, by the cursor, andby the VRM (Variable Range Marker).

By range rings

Press the [RINGS] key to display the rangerings. Count the number of rings betweenthe center of the display and the target.Check the range ring interval (at the top leftcorner) and judge the distance of the echofrom the inner edge of the nearest ring.

By cursor

Operate the cursor pad to place the cursorintersection on the inside edge of the targetecho. The range to the target, as well as thebearing, appears at the bottom of the dis-play.

By VRM

1) Press the [VRM] key to display the VRM.

2) Press the cursor pad to place the VRMon the inside edge of the target. (The cur-sor appears and is linked with the VRM,allowing you to measure both range andbearing to the target.)

3) Check the VRM readout at the bottomleft-hand corner of the display to find therange to the target.

Note: The VRM is automatically anchoredwhen no cursor pad key is operated withinabout 10 seconds.

To erase the VRM, press and hold downthe [VRM] key for about three seconds.

9

To erase the EBL, press and hold down the[EBL] key for about three seconds.

1.5NM 0.5

EBL

Target

EBLbearing

VRM EBL + CURSOR

0.675 NM 300.1°R 0.675NM 300.1°R

Figure 2-9 Measuring bearing by the EBL

Tips for measuring the bearing

• Bearing measurements of smaller targetsare more accurate; the center of larger tar-get echoes is not as easily identified.

• Bearings of stationary or slower movingtargets are more accurate than bearingsof faster moving targets.

• To minimize bearing errors keep echoesin the outer half of the picture by chang-ing the range scale; angular difference be-comes difficult to resolve as a targetapproaches the center of the display.

Target on collision course with yourvessel?

You can determine if a target might beon a collision course with your vessel byplacing the EBL on the target. If it tracksalong the EBL as it approaches thescreen center it may be on a collisioncourse with your vessel.

2.12 Menu Operation

The menu, consisting of 6 sub menus, mostlycontains less-often used functions whichonce preset do not require regular adjust-ment. To open or close the menu, press the[MENU] key. You can select items on themenu with the cursor pad.

Basic menu operation

1) Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.The main menu appears.

● MAIN MENU ●Select item by ▲▼ keysand press ENT key.1. Backlight/Brilliance2. P/L, IR, NR & Radar Mode3. Nav Data4. Mode & Function5. Tuning AUTO MANUAL6. Self Check7. Installation Setup 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.

<Press MENU key to escape.>

Figure 2-10 Main menu

2) Press the cursor pad to select menu andpress the [ENT] key.

3) Press the cursor pad to select menu item.

4) Press the cursor pad to select option.

5) Press the [ENT] key to register selection.

6) Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Menu description

See the table on the next page.

10

Table 1-1 Menu description

Menu Function

1. Selects control panel backlighting; four is maximum backlighting.2. Selects brilliance for echo trails and markers; four is maximum brilliance.

1. Selects pulselength for 1.5 and 3 mile ranges.2. Selects radar interference rejector level; 3 provides highest degree of rejection. 3. Turns noise rejector on/off.4. Turns echo stretch on/off.5. Select mode for CU or WPT-UP.

1. Selects navigator among GPS, Loran and all navigators available. In the "All" setting the radar selects a navigator in order of navigator accuracy–GPS, Loran and other.2. Turns navigation data display on/off.3. Selects position display format; latitude and longitude or Loran TDs.4. Selects unit of measurement for depth; meters, feet or fathoms.5. Selects unit of measurement for water temperature; °C or °F.6. Selects what to display during stand-by; navigation data (requires navigation input) or "STBY".

1. Selects window display format; zoom or wide.2. Selects watchman interval among 5 min, 10 min or 20 min.3. Selects alarm mode; IN (alarm to targets entering the guard zone, or OUT (alarm to targets exiting the guard zone.4. Selects VRM unit; nm, km or sm.5. Selects EBL reference; relative or true.6. Selects ranges to use. Select range to enable (disable) and press [ENT] key. * Model 841 only

Tuning Selects AUTOMATIC or MANUAL tuning.

* Default settings shown in boldface.

1. BACKLIGHT/BRILLIANCE MENU

Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Panel2. Echo Trails

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.

<Press MENU for main menu.>

1 2 3 41 2

2. P/L, IR, NR & Radar Mode

Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Pulselength2. Int Reject3. Noise Reject4. Echo Stretch5. Radar mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.


SHORT LONGOFF 1 2 3OFF ONOFF ONCU WPT-UP

3. NAV DATA MENU

Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Navigator2. Nav Data Disp3. Pos Disp Mode4. Depth Unit5. Temp Unit6. STBY Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.


ALL GPS LCOFF ONL/L TDM FA FT°C °FNORM NAV

Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Window Display2. Watchman3. Alarm Mode4. VRM Unit5. EBL Ref6. Range

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.


ZOOM WIDEOFF 5' 10' 20'IN OUTNM KM SMREL TRUE

4. MODE & FUNCTION MENU

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/5 2 3 4 8 12 16 24 *36

Self Check Checks the radar system for proper operation.

11

2.13 Selecting the DisplayMode

The display mode may be selected with the[DISP MODE] key. Four modes are avail-able (with navigation input): Normal, Nor-mal + Window, Normal + Nav Data, andNormal + Window + Nav Data.

Each time the key is pressed the displaymode changes in one of the sequences shownbelow, depending on equipment connectedand menu settings.

Note: In the window display mode, the [DISPMODE] key reselects zoom area. To select thedisplay mode while in the window displaymode, press the key twice.

Window DisplayNav Display

WIDE / ZOOMON / OFF

VRM EBL +CURSOR **.** NM ***.*°R ***.**NM ***.*° R


ZOOM


WIDE / ZOOMON / OFF

Window DisplayNav Display


ZOOM

Figure 2-11 Display modes

12

2.14 The Window Display

The window display appears at the bottomright (or left) 1/4 of the display. Two typesof window displays are available: zoom andwide. Zoom doubles the size of the area se-lected by the operator, and wide (range-up)compresses and displays the entire radar pic-ture on the next higher range.

Note: The zoom display does not function onthe 0.125 and 0.25 nm ranges.

Selecting the type of window display


2) Select Mode & Function and press the[ENT] key.

Note: When you place the circle cursorbehind the window display, the windowdisplay shifts left (or right) so you may viewthe circle cursor.

3) Select Window Display to Zoom or Wide(range-up).


Selecting the area for the zoom picture

1) Press the [DISP MODE] key to select thewindow display. The area selector is asolid circle.

2) Press the cursor pad to place the circlecursor (area selector) on the area to zoom.

3) Press the [ENT] key. The area selectorbecomes a dashed circle and the cursorcan be moved indepedently.

To reselect area to zoom, press [ENT] or[DISP MODE] and follow steps 2 and 3.

Figure 2-12 How to selectthe area to zoom

2.15 Selecting the PresentationMode

This radar provides four presentation modes:head-up, course-up (course-up or waypoint-up; selectable on menu), north-up and truemotion. Press the [DISP MODE] and [HMOFF] keys together to select a presentationmode. Each time the keys are pressed, ifheading signal is input to the radar, the pre-sentation mode and mode indication changein the sequence of HU, CU (or WU), NU,TM. If there is no heading signal input tothe radar, the presentation mode is alwaysHU.

Selecting course-up mode for CU orWPT-UP

In course-up, you may select CU or WPT-UP, on the menu.

CU (course-up)

An azimuth stabilized display in which theline connecting the center with the top ofthe display indicates own ship’s intendedcourse.


Windowdisplayarea


(1) Press [DISP MODE]to select the windowdisplay.

Area selector (1/4 or 1/3 of range)

(2) Press cursor keysto select area to zoomand press [ENT].

HU(head-up)

CU(couse-up)

WU(waypoint-up)

NU(north-up)

TM(true motion)

13

WPT-UP (waypoint-up)

An azimuth stabilized display in which theline connecting the center with the top ofthe display indicates the bearing to the “TO”waypoint, which is selected on the naviga-tional equipment connected to the radar.When navigating a route and own ship en-ters the arrival zone of a waypoint, the ra-dar displays the bearing to the next “TO”waypoint.

Procedure

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2. Press the cursor pad to select 2. P/L, IR,NR & Radar Mode.

3. Press the cursor pad to select Radar mode.

4. Select option for CU or WPT-UP.

5. Press the [ENT] key followed by the[MENU] key.

NOTE:

Insert display example and description for eachpresentation mode, like in FR-1500M2 or FR-8000 series’. Also, add section on how displayis reset in true motion and change Table ofContents if necessary.

2.16 Guard Alarm

The guard alarm allows the operator to setthe desired range and bearing for a guardzone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc.enter (or exit, depending on type of guardzone in use.) the guard zone an audible alarmsounds to call the operator’s attention. Thealarm is very effective as an anticollisionaid when using an autopilot or navigatingin narrow channels.

Selecting guard zone type

The guard alarm can be set to sound on tar-gets entering (guard in) or exiting (guard out)the guard zone. Select type of guard zoneas follows.

1) Press the [MENU] key to display themenu.


3) Select Alarm Mode to IN or OUT.


Dashed line:no alarm

IN ALARM OUT ALARM

Guardzone

Figure 2-13 In and out alarms

Setting the guard zone

1) Mentally create the guard zone you wantto display. See Figure 2-14 (1).

2) Operate the cursor pad to set cursor ontop (bottom) left edge of the guard zone.Press the [GUARD] key. *G (IN) (or GOUT)), with asterisk blinking, appears atthe top right-hand corner on the display.(The asterisk indicates the guard zone ispartially set.) See Figure 2-14 (2).

3) Operate the cursor pad to set cursor onbottom (top) right edge of the guard zoneand press the [GUARD] key. The aster-isk disappears. See Figure 2-14 (3).

4) Guard zone appears on the display. SeeFigure 2-14 (4).

Silencing the audible alarm

Any ships, landmasses, etc. coming into (orgoing out of) the guard zone will trigger theaudible alarm and display the guard zone in

CAUTIONThe guard alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, butdoes not relieve the operator of the responsibilityto also keep a visual lookout for possiblecollision situations. The alarm should never beused as the sole means for detecting possiblecollision situations.

14

reverse video. You can silence the alarm bypressing the [GUARD] key. When this isdone, G (ACKN) replaces G (IN) (or G(OUT)).

Press the [GUARD] key again to reactivatethe alarm. G (IN) (or G (OUT)) replaces G(ACKN).

Canceling the guard zone

Press and hold down the [GUARD] key untilthe guard zone disappears.

Notes on the guard alarm

• When the radar range is less than one halfof the guard zone range, the guard zonedisappears from the display and UPRANGE appears. If this happens, raisethe range to redisplay the guard zone.

• A target echo does not always mean alandmass, reef, ships or surface objectsbut can imply returns from sea surface or

precipitation. As the level of these returnsvaries with environment, the operatorshould properly adjust the STC, gain (sen-sitivity), A/C RAIN and FTC to be surethe alarm system does not overlook tar-get echoes.

Guard zoneto set

* G (IN)

(2) Drag cursor totop left corner ofzone and press[GUARD].

Asterisk blinking

Drag cursorhere.

(1) Mentally createthe guard zone to set.

G (IN)

(3) Drag cursor tobottom right cornerof zone and press[GUARD].

(4) Guard zonecompleted.

G (IN)

Guardzone

Drag cursorhere.

Figure 2-14 How to set a guard zone

2.17 Suppressing RadarInterference

Radar interference may occur when near an-other shipborne radar operating in the samefrequency band as your radar. Its on-screenappearance is many bright dots either scat-tered at random or in the form of dotted linesextending from the center to the edge of thedisplay. Figure 2-15 illustrates interferencein the form of curved spokes. Interferenceeffects are distinguishable from normal ech-oes because they do not appear in the sameplace on successive rotations of the scan-ner.

Figure 2-15 Radar interference

Four levels of interference are available, in-cluding off: IR1, IR2, IR3 and OFF. IR3provides the highest level of rejection.

Procedure


2) Select P/L & Int/Noise Rej & ES andpress the [ENT] key.

3) Select INT REJECT.

4) Select level desired; 2 provides the great-est degree of interference rejection

4) Press [ENT] and [MENU].

IR and level selected appear at the top right

15

corner on the display when the interferencerejection circuit is turned on.

2.18 Suppressing NoiseInterference

Noise interference appears on the screen asmany bright dots. These dots can be sup-pressed by turning on the noise rejector. Notehowever that there are some forms of noiseinterference which this radar cannot sup-press.

Procedure



3) Select Noise Reject to ON.


2.19 Selecting Pulselength

Pulselength is the transmission time of asingle radar pulse. The longer thepulselength the greater the detection rangecapability, however range accuracy andrange resolution are reduced.

Pulselength can be selected to short or longon the 1.5 and 3 nautical mile ranges.



3) Select Pulselength to SHORT or LONG

6) Press [ENT] and [MENU] key.

2.20 Off Centering the Display

Your vessel’s position can be shifted any-where within 75% of the effective displayarea. The primary advantage of the off cen-tered display is that for any range setting,the view ahead of your vessel can be ex-tended without changing the range or sizeof targets.

Procedure

1) Locate the cursor where you want to thescreen center to be.

2) Press the [OFF CENTER] key.

OFF CENTER appears at the top left corneron the display when the display is off cen-tered.

Note: The off centered display is automaticallycanceled when the [DISP MODE] key ispressed.

Figure 2-16 Off centering the display

Cursor Cursor

(1) Place cursorwhere desired.

(2) Press [OFF CENTER]key; cursor locationbecomes screen center.

16

2.21 Echo Trails

You can show the trails of targets in after-glow. This function is useful for alerting youto possible collision situations.

Starting echo trail

Press the [TRAIL] key to start the echo trailfunction. Afterglow starts extending fromtargets and "TRAIL" and the echo trail timeappear at the top right-hand corner of thedisplay. Press the key again within 3 sec-onds to select a different trail time, among15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 3min, 6 min, 30 min,and continuous. In continuous plotting thetime elapsed appears at the top right corneron the display.

Note: If the range is changed, trails are paintedanew with the newly selected range.

True trails Relative trails(requires gyro)

Figure 2-17 Appearance of echo trails

Fixed time trails

When the elapsed time clock counts up tothe trail time selected, the elapsed time dis-play freezes. The oldest portions of trails areerased so only the latest trail, equal in lengthto the trail time selected, is shown. Then,trails start extending again. For example, theone minute trail time is selected. When theelapsed time display freezes at 60 seconds,all but the latest one minute of trails areerased and then trailing continues.

Continuous trail

The maximum continuous trail time is 99minutes and 59 seconds. When the elapsedtime clock counts up to that time the elapsedtime display is reset to zero all trails areerased and then trailing is restarted.

Adjusting brilliance of afterglow

The brilliance of the trails' afterglow can beset on the Backlight/Brilliance menu.


2) Select Backlight/Brilliance and press the[ENT] key.

3) Select Echo Trails.

4) Select brilliance.


Canceling echo trails

Press the [TRAIL] key to erase the TRAILindication.

2.22 The Navigation DataDisplay

Navigation data can be displayed at thescreen bottom if this radar receives naviga-tion input in NMEA 0183 format. Naviga-tion data includes• position in latitude and longitude or Lo-

ran-C time differences (TDs)• bearing and range to a waypoint selected

on the navigator• cross track error (XTE—the amount in

nautical miles and the direction the ves-sel if off course)

• depth• speed.

If the navigation data include the destina-tion data, waypoint position is denoted onthe radar display by a dashed ring.

17

1.5NM 0.5

HDG 326.8°

66° 04. 00N166° 04. 00E

VRM EBL + CURSOR0.675NM 240.1°R 0.646 NM 308.7°R

DEPTH XTE SPD

350.0m 0.05NML 30.0KT

WAYPOINT POSI L/L

12.0NM 45.0°M

AUTO

Figure 2-18 Sample nav data display

Setting up the nav data display


2) Select Nav Data and press the [ENT] key.

● NAV DATA MENU ●

Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Navigator2. Nav Data Disp3. Pos Disp Mode4. Depth Unit5. Temp Unit6. STBY Display



ALL GPS LCOFF ONL/L TDM FA FT°C °FNORM NAV

Figure 2-19 Nav data menu

3) Select Navigator; GPS, Loran C or ALL(Select all if several navigators are con-nected to the radar. In this case, positiondata is selected in order of GPS, Loran Cand other.)

4) Select Nav Data Disp to OFF or ON.

5) Select Pos Disp Mode to L/L (latitude andlongitude or TD (Loran C).

6) Select unit of depth measurement tometers, fathoms, or feet.

7) Select unit of measurement for water tem-perature to Centigrade or Fahrenheit.

8) Select whether to display nav data or "ST-BY". "NORM" for stand-by; NAv fornavigation data.


2.23 Echo Stretch (magnifyinglong range echoes)

Normally, the reflected echoes from longrange targets appear on the display as weakerand smaller blips even though they are com-pensated by the radar’s internal circuitry. Tostretch long range echoes, in the range di-rection, turn on the echo stretch function.

Figure 2-20 Echo stretch

Turning echo stretch on or off



3) Select Echo Stretch.

4) ON or OFF.

Echo stretch OFF Echo stretch ON

Distantecho

18

5) Press the [ENT] key followed by the[MENU] key. ES appears at the top rightside on the display when the echo stretchfeature is on.

Note 1: This function magnifies not only tar-gets but also sea clutter and radar interference.For this reason be sure the controls for adjust-ment of sea clutter and radar interference areproperly adjusted before activating the echostretch.

Note 2: Echo stretch is inoperative on rangesfrom 0.25 to 0.75 nautical miles. ES appearsin reverse video when you try to turn on theecho stretch in those ranges.

Note 3: When the echo stretch function is se-lected, Interference Rejection level #3, alongwith the Noise Rejection circuits, are automati-cally enabled. These can be turned off via menuselection if desired.

2.24 Selecting Unit ofMeasurement for Range

The unit of measurement for the VRM andcursor can be nautical miles, kilometers, orstatute miles. You may select unit desired asfollows.



3) Select VRM Unit to nm, km, or sm.

4) Press [ENT] followed by [MENU] key.

2.25 Selecting BearingReference

Bearing can be displayed relative to north(relative bearing) or relative to true north(true bearing) as follows. (True bearing re-quires heading sensor input.)



3) Select EBL Ref.

4) Select Rel(ative) or True.


2.26 Watchman

How watchman works

The watchman function periodically trans-mits the radar for about one minute to checkfor targets in a guard zone. If it finds changein the zone from the previous transmissionit sounds the aural alarm, cancels the watch-man function, and transmits the radar con-tinuously. This feature is useful when youdo not need the radar’s function continu-ously but want to be alerted to radar targetsin a specific area.

St-by

5, 10 or20 min

Tx

1 min

Tx

1 min

St-by

5, 10 or20 min

Watchmanstarts.

Figure 2-21 How watchman works

Turning on watchman

1) Create a guard zone (usually 360 degrees)with the guard alarm function.



4) Select Watchman.

5) Select watchman rest interval (amount oftime until next rotation of antenna); 5minutes, 10 minutes or 20 minutes.

6) Press the [ENT] key followed by the[MENU] key. Then, WATCHMAN ap-pears, and the radar transmits for oneminute and then goes into stand-by.

Canceling watchman

19

Press any key while the radar is transmit-ting. (Pressing a key during stand-by causesthe radar to go to warm-up condition.)

2.27 Erasing the HeadingMarker

The heading marker continuously appearson the display and shows your vessel’s head-ing. When this mark obscures a target echo,you can temporarily erase it by pressing andholding down the [HM OFF] key. Releasethe key to redisplay the marker.

2.28 Deselecting Ranges

This radar has 14 or 15 ( MODEL 841)ranges, some which you may not require.You can deselect up to eight ranges as fol-lows.



3) Select Range and press the [ENT] key.Active ranges appear in reverse video.

4) Press t or s to select range to disable(or enable). Current selection is under-lined.

5) Press [ENT].

6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 to disable (or en-able) other ranges.

7) When finished, press the [MENU] key.

2.29 Displaying NavigationData During Stand-by

Various navigation data can be displayedduring stand-by. A barometer is built in thisradar; atmospheric pressure appears, ingraph form, on the navigation data displayduring stand-by. If your navigation aid canoutput data in NMEA 0183 data format, your

vessel’s position in latitude and longitude,the range and bearing to waypoint, speed,course, date, time and cross track error maybe input to this radar, and be seen in the bot-tom text area during stand-by. Further, withvideo sounder input, depth may be dis-played, both digitally and in graph form.

Procedure


2) Select the Nav Data menu and press the[ENT] key.

3) Select STBY Display to NAV and pressthe [ENT] key.


Note 1: The depth display scale changes au-tomatically with depth and the maximum depthis 1,000 meters.

Note 2: The barometer display is updatedhourly, thus the data shown may not be thelatest.

CAUTIONThe barometer and depth displays are intendedas reference. Any data displayed by themshould be used with extreme caution.

Figure 2-22 Navigation data displayduring stand-by

DATE TIME TEMP CRS 08.22 15:19 30.0°C 0.0°M

DEPTH XTE SPD827 m 0.6NM R 30.0KT

WAYPOINT POSI L/L 65°43.98N 165°43.96E

XTE

1 100.5 0.5

XTE

(NM)L R

BAROMETER DEPTH

0

500

1000

(m)

12 (MIN)

-12 -9 -6 -3

1020

1010

1000

900

(HOUR)

(hPa)

ST–BY

12.0NM 114.8°R

(Mbar/hPa)

20

2.30 Outputting CursorPosition to Navigator

Cursor position (NMEA0183 data sentenceTLL) can be output to the navigator con-nected to this radar by pressing and holdingdown the [HM OFF] key.

2.31 Displaying CursorPosition, Range and Bearing toCursor

The cursor data indication at the bottom ofthe display can show cursor position in lati-tude and longitude or the range and bearingfrom own ship to the cursor. You can selectthe indication desired by pressing the [HMOFF] key.

2.32 Visual Alarm Indications

This radar display various visual alarms toalert you to error.

Table 2-1 Visual alarm indications

The heading signal visual alarm may becleared by pressing the [DISP MODE] key.

rorrE mralalausiV

eslupgnidaehoN GNISSIMGISDH

eslupgniraeboN GNISSIMGISPB

langisgnidaeHffodenrut

sraeppa(*.***)gnidaehsa

21

Radar horizon

Radar is essentially a “line-of-sight” phe-nomenon. That means you have just aboutthe same range to horizon with a radar asyou do with your own eyes. However undernormal atmospheric conditions, the radarhorizon is 6% greater than the optical hori-zon. Therefore, if the target does not riseabove the horizon the radar beam cannot bereflected from the target.

The distance to the horizon from the scan-ner, under normal conditions, is calculatedby the following formula.

Rmax = 2.2 x h1 + h2

Where Rmax: Radar horizon (mile), h1: An-tenna height (meters), h2: Target height(meters)

Figure 3-1 Radar horizon

3.2 Target Properties andRadar Wave Reflection

Generally, larger targets can be seen on theradar display at greater ranges, providedline-of-sight exists between the scanner andtarget. However, a large target with poorreflecting properties may not be detected aseasily as a smaller target with better reflect-ing properties. For example, you might ex-pect a lighthouse to be a good radar targetbecause of its size. In actuality the returnecho is weak since the conical shape diffusesmost of the radiated energy.

A ship whose hull is made of conductingmaterials, such as steel, will return a rela-tively strong echo.

3. INTERPRETINGTHE DISPLAY

As an aid to navigation, radar can be a veryvaluable tool. No other electronic naviga-tion aid can give you the ability to spot ves-sels coming at you in the fog, or tell you thelocation of the inlet to the harbor in the pitchblack of night.

To help you understand what your radar can(and cannot) do for you this chapter covers

• the characteristics of the radar wave• target properties and radar wave reflec-

tion• range and bearing resolution, and• false echoes.

3.1 The Radar Wave andRadar Horizon

How the radar wave travels

The radar wave tends to travel in straightlines at the speed of light. However, it issubject to bending or refraction in the atmo-sphere, the amount depending on region anddensity.

Super-refraction

Super-refraction is a condition in whichthere is an upper layer of warm dry air overa surface layer of cold, moist air. Radarwaves bend downward and thus increase theranges at which targets may be detected.

Sub-refraction

Sub-refraction is the reverse condition ofsuper-refraction; a layer of cold air is abovea layer of warm air. Radar waves bend up-ward and thus decrease the ranges at whichtargets may be detected.

D

h

HorizonWavepath

h1

2

22

On the other hand, hulls made from woodor fiberglass return much weaker echoes.

Vertical surfaces, such as a cliff, are goodtargets provided they face the radar. Con-versely, horizontal and smooth surfaces suchas mudbanks, sandy beaches, and gentlysloping hills make poor targets because theydisperse rather than reflect most of the en-ergy that strikes them.

The strongest radar echoes known comefrom built-up areas, docks, etc., becausethese targets are less subject to changes inaspect. These types of targets have three flat,smooth surfaces mutually at right angles.Some radar buoys are arranged this way soas to deliberately increase their detectionrange.

3.3 Range Resolution

Range resolution is a measure of the capa-bility of a radar to display as separate pipsthe echoes received from two targets whichare on the same bearing and are close to-gether.

The main factor which affects range resolu-tion is pulselength. Two targets on the samebearing, close together, cannot be seen astwo distinct echoes on the display unlessthey are separated by a distance greater thanone-half the pulselength.

Figure 3-2 Range resolution

3.4 Bearing Resolution

Bearing resolution is a measure of the capa-bility of a radar to display as separate tar-gets the echoes received from two targetswhich are at the same range and are closetogether.

The principal factor which affects bearingresolution is horizontal beamwidth. Two tar-gets at the same range must be separated bymore than one beamwidth to appear as sepa-rate pips.

Figure 3-3 Bearing resolution

3.5 False Echoes

Occasionally false echoes appear on thescreen at positions where there is no target.In some cases the effects can be reduced oreliminated. The operator should familiarizehimself or herself with the appearance andeffects of these false echoes, so as not toconfuse them with echoes from legitimatecontacts.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a short range,strong echo is received from a ship, bridge,or breakwater. A second, a third or more ech-

Target

Transmittedradarpulse

Transmittedradarpulse

Target

Radar is able to display twodistinct target echoes.

Radar cannot display targets asseparate echoes because they

are within the pulselength.

Direction ofscanner rotation

Target

Horizontalbeamwidth

Direction ofscanner rotation

Horizontalbeamwidth

Radar is able to display twodistinct target echoes.

Radar cannot display targets as separateechoes because theyare within the beamwidth.

Target

23

Indirect echoes

Indirect echoes may be returned from eithera passing ship or returned from a reflectingsurface on your own ship, for example, astack. In both cases, the echo will return froma legitimate contact to the antenna by thesame indirect path. The echo will appear onthe same bearing of the reflected surface,but at the same range as the direct echo. Fig-ure 3-6 illustrates the effect of an indirectecho. Indirect echoes may be recognized asfollows:

• they usually occur in a shadow sector• they appear on the bearing of the obstruc-

tion but at the range of the legitimate con-tact

• when plotted, their movements are usu-ally abnormal, and

• their shapes may indicate they are not di-rect echoes.

Figure 3-6 Indirect echoes

oes may be observed on the display atdouble, triple or other multiples of the ac-tual range of the target as shown in Figure3-4. Multiple reflection echoes can be re-duced and often removed by decreasing thesensitivity or properly adjusting the STC.

Figure 3-4 Multiple echoes

Side-lobe echoes

Every time the scanner rotates, some radia-tion escapes on each side of the beam—called “side-lobes.” If a target exists whereit can be detected by the side-lobes as wellas the main-lobe, the side-lobe echoes maybe represented on both sides of the true echoat the same range, as shown in Figure 3-5.Side-lobes show usually only at short rangesand from strong targets. They can be reducedthrough careful reduction of the sensitivityor proper adjustment of the STC.

Figure 3-5 Side-lobe echoes

Own ship

Target

Trueecho

Multiple echo

Spurioustarget

True echoMain-lobe

Side-lobe

Scanner

��

��

Headingmark

Trueecho

Indirectecho

Headingmark

TrueechoIndirect

echo

Indirectpath

Directpath

ScannerObstruction(mast, funnel,etc.)

Ownship

Target

Bridge

Directpath

Indirectecho

��

Target

��

Indirectpath

24

Blind and shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the pathof antenna may reduce the intensity of theradar beam. If the angle subtended at thescanner is more than a few degrees a blindsector may be produced. Within the blindsector small targets at close range may notbe detected while larger targets at muchgreater ranges may be detected. See Figure3-7.

Figure 3-7 Blind and shadow sectors

3.6 Nautical Chart and RadarPicture

Under normal conditions, a picture whichis similar to a nautical chart can be obtainedon the radar display. However, a radar can-not:

• show targets which are below the hori-zon.

• show a target which is hidden by a largerone.

• see around corners (for example, sea-wall).

• distinguish between two targets which arevery close together, either in range orbearing. For example, a vessel towinganother will probably appear as one ves-sel, as both will be covered by the beamat the same time.

The nautical chart and radar picture shownin Figure 3-8 are from the Kada Inland Seain southwestern Japan.

Figure 3-8 Nautical chart and associatedradar picture

Vessel tallerthan wharf

Wharf

Wharf

Blind sector(no echo)

Mast, etc. in pathof radar beam

Size of blind sectordepends on targetsize and range.

Actual topography Radar display

Black areas arestrong reflectiontargets.

Coastlinedifficult todisplay.

25

4. MAINTENANCE &TROUBLESHOOTING

This chapter tells you how to keep your ra-dar in good working order. Before review-ing this chapter please read the safetyinformation which follows.

4.1 Safety Information

ELECTRICALSHOCKHAZARD

This equipmentuses high voltageelectricity whichcan shock, burn orcause death.While the equip-ment has been de-signed withconsideration forthe operator ’s

safety, precautions must always be exercisedwhen reaching inside the equipment for thepurpose of maintenance or service. For thisreason, only qualified personnel totally fa-miliar with electrical circuits and servicemanual should work inside the display unitor scanner unit.

RF RADIATION HAZARD

The radar scanner emits high fre-quency radio radiation which can

be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Neverlook directly into the scanner from a distanceof less than two feet when the radar is inoperation as you could injure the cornea ofyour eyes. Always make sure the radar isset to stand-by or is turned off before start-ing work on the scanner unit.

Turn off the power before per-forming any maintenance ortroubleshooting procedure.

WARNING

Hazardous voltages.Can shock, burn orcause death.

Only qualified person-nel should work insidethe units of the radar.

!

26

4.2 Preventative Maintenance

Regular maintenance is important for goodperformance. Always keep the equipment asfree as possible from dirt, dust, and watersplashes. Make sure all screws securing thecomponents are properly tightened.

A maintenance program should be estab-lished and should at least include the itemslisted in Table 4-1.

4.3 Replacing the Fuse

The 5A fuse in the power cable protects theequipment against reverse polarity of ship’smains, overcurrent, and equipment fault. Ifthe fuse blows, find the cause before replac-ing it. Never use a fuse rated for more than5A–serious damage to equipment may re-sult and void the warranty.

Table 4-1 Recommended maintenance program

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stlobgnixiFannetnarof

tinu

dnassenthgitrofkcehC.noisorroc

taoC.stlobdedorrocecalpeR.tnalaesevisorroc-itnahtiwstlob

emodaRssenilnaelc

emodarehtnolairetamngieroFelbaredisnocaesuaclliwecafehtnaelC.ecnamrofrepnipord

.retawhserfahtiwemodar

gninaelcdednemmocerylnoehTesutonoD.lohoclasitnega

nacyeht;stnegagninaelcrehto.sgnikramdnatniapevomer

emodaRrevoc

tnenamreP.raewrofkcehClanretnis'annetnaehtotegamad

skaelretawfitluserlliwyrtiucric.emodarehtotni

ebdluohstidnuofsikcarcafIagnisuybderiaperyliraropmet

gnilaesfotnuomallamsuoY.evisehdarodnuopmoc

relaedruoytcatnocnehtdluohs.ecivresrof

DCL ,emitni,lliwDCLehTtsudfognitaocaetalumucca

.erutcipehtmidotsdnethcihwtfosahtiwylthgilDCLepiW

.htolc

otsrenaelclacimehcesutonoD;tinuyalpsidehtfotrapynanaelc

dnatniapevomernacyeht.sgnikram

shtnom6raey1ot

tinuyalpsiDsrotcennoc

dnanoitcennocthgitrofkcehC.noisorroc

relaedruoytcatnoc,dedorrocfI.tnemecalperrof

27

4.4 Troubleshooting

Table 4-2 contains simple troubleshootingprocedures which you can follow to try torestore normal operation. If you cannot re-store normal operation, do not attempt tocheck inside any unit of the radar system.Any repair work is best left to a qualifiedtechnician.

Table 4-2 Troubleshooting table

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radarehtno

seodlenaplortnocehtthgilton

-kcablenaplortnocehtgnitsujdayrt•gnithgilkcaB/ecnaillirBehtnognithgil

.unem.degrahcsidevahyamyrettab•

.elbacrewopniesufkcehc•

nosraeppagnihtonyalpsidroyalpsideht

roopsitsartnoc

.enotehtgnitsujdayrt•yamerutarepmettneibmaemertxE(

).enotyalpsidtceffa

erasretcarahcdetrotsid

.ecivrestseuqer•

sahradarehtuoydnapudemraw

ehtdesserpotyek]XTYB-TS[

timsnart

tonseodannetnaehtetator

.tinuannetnaniebyammelborpeht•.ecivrestseuqeR

dnasretcarahcerasnoitacidni

lamronba

ehtkcehcnaicinhcetdeifilauqaevah•.tes

detsujdaevahuoyCTFhtiwniageht

ffoCTSdna

ronesionrehtienraeppastegratdnasnoitacidni(

)odsrekram

.egamadrofelbaclangiskcehc•

ronsnoitacidnirehtienesion(raeppasrekram

)odstegratdna

.egamadrofelbaclangiskcehc•

enillaidar(peewsehtehtdnuoragnipeews

tonsi)yalpsidhtiwdezinorhcnys

noitatorannetna

annetnaehtniebyammelborpeht•.ecivrestseuqeR.tinu

niegnahconsiereht.ytivitisnes

.ecivrestseuqer•

desserpsiyeka sneppahgnihton .ecivrestseuqeR.ytluafebyamyek•

28

4.5 Self Test

The self test facility checks the keyboard,ROM and RAM for proper operation. Youmay run the test as follows.


2) Select Self Check. The following displayappears.

Figure 4-1 Self test screen

3) To check the keyboard, press a key. Itscorresponding location on the displaylights in black if the key is operating prop-erly.

4) To escape the test, press the [MENU] key.

The ROM and RAM are automaticallychecked. If NG (No Good) appears to theright of ROM or RAM indication, contactyour dealer for advice.

[SELF TEST]KEY BOARD TESTPress each key. Cor-responding key onthe screen turnsblack.Prog NO.: 03590951**ROM: OK RAM: OK

On Hours: 000019.5H Tx Hours: 000019.5H <MENU>=MAIN MENU

29

5. INSTALLATION

This chapter covers installation. Installationmainly consists of the following:

• siting and mounting the display unit andthe antenna unit

• connection of the signal cable and thepower cable

• establishing the ground• connecting optional equipment, and• adjustments.

5.1 Antenna Unit Installation

Mounting considerations

When selecting a mounting location for theantenna unit keep in mind the followingpoints.

• Install the unit on top of the wheelhouseor on the radar mast on an appropriateplatform. It should be placed where thereis a good all-round view with, as far aspossible, no part of the ship’s superstruc-ture or rigging intercepting the scanningbeam. Any obstruction will cause shadowand blind sectors.

• Locate the unit at least two meters awayfrom a direction finder antenna to preventinterference to the direction finder.

• In order to minimize the chance of pick-ing up electrical interference, avoid wherepossible routing the signal cable nearother onboard electrical equipment. Alsoavoid running the cable in parallel withpower cables.

• A magnetic compass will be affected ifplaced too close to the antenna unit. Ob-serve the minimum compass safe dis-tances to prevent deviation of a magneticcompass:

Table 5-1 Compass safe distances

• Typical mounting location for a sailboatand power boat are shown in Figure 5-1.

Figure 5-1 Typical antenna unit mountinglocation for sailboat and power boat

NOTICEThe installation of this equipment requirescertain electrical and mechanical skills. If theowner of the equipment has doubts about hisor her technical abilities, we recommend thatthe equipment be installed by a qualifiedtechnician.

ledoM dradnatSssapmoc

gnireetSssapmoc

128 m7.1 m4.1

148 m4.1 m1.1

30

Mounting platform

3) Prepare a platform of 5 to 10mm inthickness for the antenna unit. (For sail-boats, an optional mounting bracketwhich can be fixed to a mast is avail-able. See page 35 for details.)

The mounting surface must be parallelwith the waterline and provided with fiveholes whose dimensions are shown in theoutline drawing at the back of themanual. Four 10mm holes for fixing, andone 20mm hole for the vent tube.

There is a cable entry (cable gland) out-side the antenna unit which should facethe stern direction. The unit is adjustedso a target echo returned from the bowdirection will be shown on the zero de-gree (heading marker) position on thescreen. When drilling holes, be sure theyare parallel with the fore and aft line.

Vent tube

Moisture can condense inside the ra-dome, causing corrosion, if a means isnot provided to keep moisture out of theradome. A vent tube fitted on the base ofthe radome allows the radome to"breathe" while not allowing entry ofwater from outside into the radome. Besure the tube is kept free of foreign ma-terials and is not pinched or kinked. Thevent tube extends downward by 27mmfrom the radome base. Ensure the venttube extends downward before mount-ing the radome base.

4) Find the cable entry on the radome base.Position the radome base so the cableentry faces the stern direction. (Thisalignment must be as accurate as pos-sible.)

Mounting procedure for MODEL 821

Removing packing materials

1) Open the radome cover carefully. Re-move mounting hardware at the bottomof the radome base assembly; four eachof M10 bolts, spring washers and flatwashers. This hardware may be dis-carded; do not use them to fix the an-tenna unit to the mounting platform.

Figure 5-2 Antenna unit (MODEL 821),showing location of mounting hardware

2) Unfasten the fixing bolts for the radomebase.

Figure 5-3 Antenna unit (MODEL 821),showing location of fixing bolts

Fixingbolt

Rubberwasher

M10 x 20hex head bolt

Springwasher

Flatwasher

31

5) Make sure the vent tube is in the correctposition, and then fasten the radome baseto the mounting platform with four eachof M10 x 20 hex bolts, flat washers andspring washers (supplied). Do not over-tighten the bolts; the tightening torqueshould be between 200 and 250 kg cm.

��

��

15 mm

Flatwasher

5-10mm

Radome baseassy.

Springwasher

Platform

M10 x 25hex bolt

Figure 5-4 How to fasten the radome baseto the mounting platform

Wiring and final preparation inside theantenna unit for MODEL 821

1) Drill a hole of at least ø27mm throughthe deck or bulkhead to run the signalcable between the antenna unit and thedisplay unit.

2) Pass the cable through the hole. Then,seal the hole with sealing compound forwaterproofing.

3) Unfasten the cable gland and pass thesignal cable through the hole at the rearof the radome base. The cable has threeplugs which you connect to the antennaunit.

4) Secure the cable with the cable clamp-ing plate and gaskets. Fasten the shieldto one of the fixing screws for the cableclamping plate to ground the shield.

32

5) Connect three plugs to the antenna unit:P801 (9 way), P813 (2 way), and P810(10 way).

TP804

J813

J810 J801

Figure 5-5 Antenna unit (MODEL 821), inside view

6) Put the radome on the radome base as-sembly. The arrow should face towardthe bow.

Figure 5-6 How to position theradome cover (MODEL 821)

7) Tighten the fixing bolts for the radome.

8) The cable run must be properly sup-ported, and must not be used to provideimpromptu foot-holds or hand-holds!Clips or hangers should be employed ev-ery 20 cm.

Ship'sbow

33

Mounting procedure for MODEL 841

Removing packing materials

1) Open the radome cover carefully. Re-move mounting hardware at the bottomof the radome base assembly; four eachof M10 bolts, spring washers and flatwashers. This hardware may be dis-carded; do not use them to fix the an-tenna unit to the mounting platform.

Figure 5-7 Antenna unit (MODEL 841),showing location of mounting hardware

2) Unfasten the four fixing bolts securingthe radome cover to the radome base. Liftradome carefully to remove the antennaradiator packing materials.

Figure 5-8 Antenna unit (MODEL 841),showing location of fixing bolts

Mounting platform

3) Prepare and fasten a platform of 5 to10mm in thickness to the mounting lo-cation. (For sailboats, an optional mount-ing bracket which can be fixed to a mastis available. See page 35 for details.)

The mounting surface must be parallelwith the waterline and provided with sixholes whose dimensions are shown in theoutline drawing at the back of themanual; four 12mm holes for fixing, andone 27 mm hole for cable entry, and one20mm hole for the vent tube.

There is a cable entry (cable gland) out-side the antenna unit which should facethe stern direction. The unit is adjustedso a target echo returned from the bowdirection will be shown on the zero de-gree (heading marker) position on thescreen. When drilling holes, be sure theyare parallel with the fore and aft line.

Vent tube

Moisture can condense inside the ra-dome, causing corrosion, if a means isnot provided to keep moisture out of theradome. A vent tube fitted on the base ofthe radome allows the radome to"breathe" while not allowing entry ofwater from outside into the radome. Besure the tube is kept free of foreign ma-terials and is not pinched or kinked. Thevent tube extends downward by 27mmfrom the radome base. Ensure the venttube extends downward before mount-ing the radome base.

4) Find the cable entry on the radome base.Position the radome base so the vent tubefaces the stern direction. (This alignmentmust be as accurate as possible.)

M10 x 20hex head bolt

Springwasher

Flatwasher

34

5) Make sure the vent tube is in the correctposition, and then fasten the radome baseto the mounting platform with four eachof M10 x 20 hex bolts, flat washers andspring washers (supplied). Do not over-tighten the bolts; the tightening torqueshould be between 200 and 250 kg cm.

��

��

15 mm

Flatwasher

5-10mm

Radome baseassy.

Springwasher

Platform

M10 x 25hex bolt

Figure 5-9 How to fasten the radome baseto the mounting platform

Wiring and final preparation inside theantenna unit for MODEL 841

1) Drill a hole of at least ø20mm throughthe deck or bulkhead to run the signalcable between the antenna unit and thedisplay unit.

2) Pass the signal cable through the hole.Then, seal the hole with sealing com-pound for waterproofing.

3) Unfasten the cable clamping plate byloosening four M4 screws and removingtwo gaskets at the radome base.

4) Pass the cable through the hole at thebottom of the radome base. Three plugsare attached at one end of the signalcable.

5) Secure the cable with the cable clamp-ing plate and gaskets removed in step 3.

6) Connect the ground wire between oneof the fixing screws for cable clampingplate and the IF amplifier chassis.

7) Referring to Figure 5-10, mate the 9 wayand 2 way plugs to the MD Board. Re-move the lid of the IF Board and matethe 14 way plug there. Reattach the lid.

Figure 5-10 Antenna unit (MODEL 841), inside view, shield cover removed

35

8) Put the radome on the radome base as-sembly. The arrow should face towardthe bow.

Figure 5-11 How to position theradome cover (MODEL 841)

9) Tighten the fixing bolts for the radome.

10) The cable run must be properly sup-ported, and must not be used to provideimpromptu foot-holds or hand-holds!Clips or hangers should be employedevery 20 cm.

Figure 5-12 Optional mounting bracket installation for sailboat

36

5.2 Display Unit Installation

Mounting considerations

When selecting a mounting location for thedisplay unit keep in mind the followingpoints.• The display unit is designed and con-

structed to be splashproof, thus it can beinstalled outdoors. You can even hose itdown after a day’s outing. If it is to beinstalled outdoors, we recommend install-ing it an enclosed cabinet, for maximumprotection against the marine environ-ment.

• The temperature and humidity of themounting location should be stable andmoderate. No LCD can provide adequatecontrast if the ambient temperature is tooextreme.

• The display unit consumes only a mod-erate amount of power, so there is no needfor forced air ventilation. However, youshould provide adequate space behind andaround the unit to permit circulation ofair and to provide convenient access tothe rear connectors.

• Even though the picture is quite legibleeven in bright sunlight, keep the displayunit out of direct sunlight or at leastshaded because of heat that can build upinside the cabinet.

• Locate the display unit in a position whereyou can view and operate it convenientlybut where there is no danger of salt orfresh water spray or immersion.

• The orientation of the display unit shouldbe so the radar screen is viewed while theoperator is facing in the direction of thebow. This makes determination of yourposition much easier.

• Make sure you allow enough clearanceboth to get to the connectors behind theunit and to allow you to get your handsin on both sides to loosen or tighten themounting knobs. Make sure you leave atleast a foot or so of “service loop” ofcables behind the unit so it can be pulledforward for servicing or easy removal ofthe connectors.

• A magnetic compass will be affected ifplaced too close to the display unit. Ob-serve the minimum compass safe dis-tances to prevent deviation of a magneticcompass: standard compass, 0.7 meters,and steering compass, 0.5 meters.

Mounting procedure

The display unit is designed to be mountedon a tabletop.

1) Using the hanger as a template, markscrew locations in the mounting location.

2) Fix the hanger to the mounting locationwith four M6 tapping screws (supplied).

3) Fit the knob bolts to the display unit.

4) Install the display unit in the hanger.

5) Tighten the knob bolts securely.

37

*140 (5.51")

10(0.39")

238(9.37")

18(0.71")

18(0.71") *80

(3.15")

*80 (3.15")

100 (3.94")

20(0.79")

274(10.79")

130(5.12")

4 - ø6 FIXING HOLES

* :SERVICING CLEARANCE

10mm222(8.7")

236(

9.3"

)

Cutting size for flushmount

Figure 5-13 How to mount the display unit

38

Connections

Connect the signal and power cables, theground wire and optional equipment asshown in Figure 5-14.

Figure 5-14 Display unit, rear view

RP

HDG

NMEA

DJ-1

OPTION

MARINE RADAR

TYPESER.NO.DATECOMPASS SAFE DISTANCESTD M STEER MEQUPMENT CLASSFURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD

10.2-31.2VDC

3 GND1

2

Signal cable connectorConnect signal cable

from antenna here.

NMEA connectorConnect navaidnere.

HDG connectorConnect headingsensor nere.

Covered.(not use)

Power cable connectorConnect power

cable here.

Ground terminalConnect ground wire between

here and ship's ground.

OPTION connectorConnect navaid,video sounder, etc.here.

CAUTIONTigthen the boot-boud securely to ensure watertightness. See page 44.

39

SPU-9180

DISPLAYUNIT

J61VIDEO

SOUNDER

Cable suppliedwith radar(connector assy.03-1796(5))

Cable suppliedwith video sounderSolder and

tape.

Figure 5-15 How to connect externalequipment to the OPTION connector

3) Cover signal cable at junction with dis-play unit with silicone sealant.

Distribution NAV data to the otherequipment

This radar can output NAV data receivedfrom a navaid to an echosounder or videoplotter by making the modifications asshown in below.

J55 (NMEA)

SPU9180

TLL, RSD J61

Navaid

Echosounder

Video plotterMODEL 821/841, FMD-811

The position data from navaid can beused for the echosounder if a videoplotter is not connected.

Procedure

1. Unfasten the nuts fixing the waterproofconnector to remove the covers of thepower and display unit.

2. Remove all connectors from SPU Board(SPU-9180).

3. Unfasten three screws to remove theboard.

4. Remove JP3, R91 and R92 on the partsside of SPU Board.

Navigation aid, video sounderconnection

If your navigation aid can output data inNMEA 0183 data format, your vessel’s po-sition in latitude and longitude, the range andbearing to waypoint, speed, and course maybe input to this radar, and be seen in the bot-tom text area.

Further, if your video sounder can outputdepth in NMEA 0183 data format, depth canbe displayed on the navigation data dis-played in graph form during stand-by.

You will need an NMEA cable:

For navaid;Type Code no. RemarksMJ-A6SPF0012-050 000-134-424 6P-6P(5m)MJ-A6SPF0012-100 000-133-817 6P-6P(10m)

For E/S;Type Code no. RemarksMJ-A6SPF0011-050 000-132-224 6P-4P(5m)MJ-A6SPF0011-100 000-132-336 6P-4P(10m)

Two NMEA connectors are provided at therear of the display unit: the NMEA connec-tor and the OPTION connector.

Heading Sensor Connection

Heading signal can be connected to the“HDG” connector. 10 m cable assembly isoptionally available.Type Code no. RemarksMJ-A6SPF0007-100 000-125-237 C-2000MJ-A6SPF0009-100 000-125-236 AD-100

The OPTION connector

To connect external equipment to the OP-TION connector;

1) Remove the plastic cover on the connec-tor.

2) Connect equipment to J61 on the SPUBoard as shown in Figure 5-15.

40

5. Add jumper wire between J55 pin#3(RXD-H) and J61 pin #1(TXD-H).

6. Add a jumper wire between J55 pin#4(RXD-C) and J61 pin #5(SHIELD).

JP3 JP4CR14

R90R91R93

R94

Q15R95Q16

R92

R91

Add the jumper wire between J61#1 and J55#3.

Add the jumper wire between J61#5 and J55#4.

J61

51

4 3

J55R69

C27

R70

7. Connect the NMEA cable to the con-nector assy (03-1796/5P, supplied withradar) as shown in the figure below.

8. Connect the 5P connector to J51 on SPUBoard.

9. Replace the covers removed in step 1.

10.Connect navaid and other equipment toradar.

11.Turn on the radar and confirm that NAVdata in properly received at the radar andexternal equipment.

5.3 Installation Check List

After completing the installation it is a goodidea to check for proper installation. Followthe checklist below and tick boxes to showproper completion.

❒ Is the vent tube on the antenna housingon the stern side?

❒ Are the four bolts for fixing the radometightened?

❒ Is the signal cable waterproofed at theradome base?

❒ Is the signal cable secured against a mastor bulkhead?

❒ Is the cable gland or cable entry on thedeck fully waterproofed?

❒ Are the connections to the battery ofcorrect polarity?

❒ Are all the antenna and display unitsgrounded?

Echosounder

Other Equipment(Telesounder data not be mixed.)NMEA cable

SolderNMEA cable

JP3 JP4CR14

R90R91R93

R94

Q15R95Q16

R92

R91

Remove R91 and R92.

Remove JP3.

SPU-9180Parts side

41

❒ Are all connectors at the rear of thedisplay unit fastened securely?

CAUTIONIf it is necessary to open the display unit, be surethe rear cover is fitted to the front chassisproperly when closing the rear cover. Whenreassembling, first turn off the unit and thenpress the center of the rear cover to plug in themultipin connector on the rear cover.

5.4 Initial Adjustment of Picture

Follow the procedure below to obtain properradar picture.

1) Press the [POWER] key on the displayunit. The display should light. Wait untilthe message "ST-BY" appears on thescreen. (About 1:30 for the 0821 and 2:30for the 0841.)

2) Press [TX ST-BY] key to transmit. Theradar will start transmitting, and you willprobably see some targets around you,even though the radar is not yet properlyadjusted.

3) Select a long range.

4) Press the [ECHO] key. The followingdisplay appears.

AUTO 1 2 3MAN

AUTO 1 2 3MAN

GAIN

STC ◆

◆

[[

A/C RAIN 00 FTC 0 1 2

12ECHO KEYTO EXIT

Currentlevel


Figure 5-16 Display for adjustment ofgain, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC

4) Press the cursor pad to select GAIN-AUTO, if it is not already selected.

5) Select minimum range. Press the[ECHO] key and press the cursor pad toselect STC-AUTO, if it is not already se-lected.

5.5 Displaying the InstallationMenus

Two sets of installation menus, InstallationSetup 1 and Installation Setup 2 enable en-try of initial settings and adjustment of theradar.

Procedure

1) Turn on the power while pressing andholding down the [HM OFF] key.


● MAIN MENU ●Select item by ▲▼ keysand press ENT key.1. Backlight/Brilliance2. P/L, IR, NR & Radar Mode3. Nav Data4. Mode & Function5. Tuning AUTO MANUAL6. Self Check7. Installation Setup 1


<Press MENU key to escape.>

Figure 5-17 main menu

42

3) Press the cursor pad to select Installa-tion Setup 1 and press the [ENT] key.

● INSTALLATION SETUP 1 ●Select item and optionby ▲▼ keys.1. Key Beep2. Hdg Sensor3. Ant on Tx4. Demo Display5. Antenna Unit6. Installation Setup 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Press HM-OFF to temporarilyhide menu.


OFF ONMAG GYROROTATE STOPOFF ONM841 MK2 M841

Figure 5-18 Installation setup menu 1

4) To display the Installation Setup 2 menu,press the cursor pad to select InstallationSetup 2.

● INSTALLATION SETUP 2 ●

Select item and optionby trackball.1. Align Heading2. Adjust Sweep Timing3. On Hours 000019.8 H4. Tx Hours 000016.0 H



Figure 5-19 Installation setup 2 menu

5.6 Entering Initial Settings

1) At the Installation Setup 1 menu, pressthe cursor pad to select Key Beep. (KeyBeep turns on or off the buzzer whichsounds when a key is pressed.)

2) Press the cursor pad to select OFF orON.

3) Select Hdg Sensor.

4) Select type of heading sensor connectedto the radar; MAGnetic compass orGYROcompass.

5) Press the [ENT] key.

Leave the menu open to complete the nextseveral adjustments.

5.7 Relative Bearing Alignment

You have mounted the antenna unit facingstraight ahead in the direction of the bow.Therefore, a small but conspicuous targetdead ahead visually should appear on theheading mark (zero degrees).

In practice, you will probably observe somesmall error on the display because of the dif-ficulty in achieving accurate initial position-ing of the antenna unit. The followingadjustment will compensate for this error,up to 360° degrees.

1) Identify a suitable target (for example,ship or buoy) at a range between 1/8 to1/4 miles, preferably near the headingmark. To minimize error, keep echoes inthe outer half of the picture by changingthe range.

2) Display the Installation Setup 2 menu.

● INSTALLATION SETUP 2 ●

Select item and optionby trackball.1. Align Heading2. Adjust Sweep Timing3. On Hours 000019.8 H4. Tx Hours 000016.0 H



Figure 5-20 Installation setup 2 menu

3) Select Align Heading and press the[ENT] key.

4) Press the cursor pad to bisect the targetselected at step 2 with the EBL.

5) Press the [ENT] key,

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6) As a final test, move the boat towards asmall buoy and confirm that the buoyshows up dead ahead on the radar whenit is visually dead ahead.

5.8 Sweep Timing

This adjustment ensures proper radar per-formance, especially on short ranges. Theradar measures the time required for a trans-mitted echo to travel to the target and returnto the source. The received echo appears onthe display based on this time. Thus, at theinstant the transmitter is fired, the sweepshould start from the center of the display(sometimes called sweep origin.)

A trigger pulse generated in the display unitgoes to the antenna unit through the signalcable to trigger the transmitter (magnetron).The time taken by the signal to travel up tothe antenna unit varies, depending largelyon the length of signal cable. During thisperiod the display unit should wait beforestarting the sweep. When the display unit isnot adjusted correctly, the echoes from astraight local object (for example, a harborwall or straight pier) will not appear withstraight edges—namely, they will be seenas “pushed out” or “pulled in” near the pic-ture center. The range of objects will alsobe incorrectly shown.

metI LEDOM128

LEDOM148

skrameR

nortengaMtnerruc

5#408PT V1.2-7.1 5#308PT V1.1-9.0 gnol,xTegnar

nortengaMretaehegatlov

6#408PT V1.8-9.7 4#308PT V6.7-4.7 yb-dnatS

VH 7#408PT V9.8-9.7 1#308PT V033-092 gnol,xTegnar

Table 5-1 Voltage ratings (reference for installer)

(1) Correct (2) Target pushedinward

(3) Target pushedoutward

Figure 5-21 Examples of improper andcorrect sweep timings

1) Transmit the radar on the shortest rangeand adjust the sensitivity and STC.

2) Visually select a straight echo (harborwall, straight pier).

3) Display the Installation Setup 2 menuand select Adjust Sweep Timing.

5) While looking at the target selected atstep 2, press cursor pad at the 9 o’clockor 3 o’clock position to straighten the tar-get.

6) Press the [ENT] key.

5.9 Closing the InstallationMenus

Press the [MENU] key and turn off thepower.

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5.10 Signal cable connection

1. Connect the signal cable to DJ-1 on therear panel of the display unit.

Rubber cover

DJ Connector Boot-band

Cable

Display unitDJ-1

2. Cover the connector with the rubbercover. The projection on the connectorbase is inserted into the groove on therubber cover.

Display unit

Rubber cover

GraspGrasp

Groove

3. Put the boot-band as shown below, andtighten it.

Display Unit

Boot-band

marine radar - furuno usa · 2018-12-26 · danger safety arrangements all known steps are taken in...

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