LA RECHERCHE EN EUROPE : DÉPASSER LES FRONTIÈRES EN SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES

L’European research council fête 10 ans de projets d’excellence

Vendredi 17 mars 20178h30-14h30

Sciences PoAmphi Leroy Beaulieu Sorel27, rue Saint Guillaume 75007 Paris

CONFÉRENCE PLÉNIÈRE 8h30-12h30

8h30 - Accueil café

9h00 - OuvertureFrédéric Mion, Directeur, Sciences Po.François Houllier, Administrateur provisoire, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité.Thierry Mandon, Secrétaire d’État chargé de l’Enseignement supérieur et la Recherche.

9h45 - Témoignages Jean-Paul Gaudillière, lauréat advanced grant (GLOBEHEALTH), de l’idée à ma candidature à l’ERC.Anne-Madeleine Goulet, lauréate Consolidator Grant (PERFORMART), la rédaction de mon projet ERC.

10h00 - Table ronde Dépasser les frontières des connaissances en sciences humaines et sociales : qu’est-ce qu’un projet en rupture, à risque ?Jean-François Balaudé, Président, Université Paris-Nanterre, Alliance Athéna.Bruno Latour, lauréat advanced grant (AIME).

10h45 - Témoignage Catherine Tallon-Baudry, lauréate advanced grant (BRAVIUS), la mise en œuvre de mon projet ERC.

11h00 - Table rondeAttirer et maintenir les lauréats ERC des sciences humaines et sociales en France, rayonner à l’internationalMichel Wieviorka, Président, Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme, membre du Conseil européen de la recherche.Wim Van de Doel, pro-rector, Université de Leiden, directeur du domaine sciences humaines et sociales de la Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.

11h45 - Témoignages Jenny Andersson, lauréate starting grant (FUTUREPOL), mon ERC et l’avancée des connaissances.Yann Algan, lauréat starting & consolidated grant (TRUST, SOWELL), mon ERC dans mon parcours professionnel.

12h00 - ConclusionQuel avenir pour les sciences humaines et sociales au sein de l’ERC après Horizon 2020 ? Núria Sebastian-Galles, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelone.

BUFFET – ATELIERS 12h30 -14h30

Trois ateliers sont proposés en présence des lauréats ERC, des membres du Point de contact national ERC et des chargés d’affaires européennes du Réseau recherche Europe USPC :

Quel profil pour l’ERC ?

AnimationDamien Vogel (ENS), Point de contact national pour l’ERC.Lucie Guilloteau (Paris Descartes), Réseau Recherche Europe USPC.

Qui peut déposer un projet ERC ? Quels sont les profils attendus et leurs spécificités selon la nature de l’appel Starting, Consolidator et Advanced ? Comment valoriser sa production scientifique, ses enseignements et ses autres activités de chercheurs et d’enseignants- chercheurs ? Comment compléter le curriculum vitae et le « track record » de sa proposition ?

Comprendre l’évaluation et choisir son panel

AnimationChristiane Durieux (INSERM), Point de contact national pour l’ERC. Adeline Lassaux (Paris Descartes), Réseau Recherche Europe USPC.

Comprendre le processus d’évaluation de l’ERC dans son ensemble est crucial pour proposer une candidature adaptée aux attentes des évaluateurs. Comment choisir son panel ? Quels sont les critères d’évaluation ? Quelles sont les étapes de l’évaluation ? Qui sont les évaluateurs et comment prendre en compte leurs attentes à chacune des étapes du processus d’évaluation ?

Les écueils à éviter pour rédiger une proposition efficace

AnimationAmélie Antoine Audo (Sciences Po), Point de contact national pour l’ERC et Réseau Recherche Europe USPC.Marinela Popa-Babay (Sciences Po), Réseau Recherche Europe USPC.

Les évaluations des projets ERC mettent l’accent sur les points saillants et les difficultés que posent les propositions des candidats ERC. Quelles sont les atouts d’une proposition efficace en sciences humaines et sociales ? Quels sont au contraire les écueils à éviter ?

LES LAURÉATS DU CONSEIL EUROPÉEN DE LA RECHERCHE ET LEUR PROJET

Lauréat : Yann Algan

Appel : Starting Grant, panel SH2 Institutions, valeurs, croyances et comportements. Acronyme : TRUSTTitre : Culture, Cooperation and EconomicsHost institution : Sciences PoFinancement : 988 376 € 

Résumé

«My research project TRUST aims at looking at the links between culture of cooperation, economics and institutions, with causality running in both directions. The first step is to assess the causal effect of cooperation on economic decisions and happiness. Social attitudes such as trust seems a prerequisite to expand economic exchanges, in particular in modern societies characterized by the increased complexity of information and relations with anonymous others. Cooperative beliefs might also directly affect happiness by reducing the feelings of risks that humans have to cope with in modern societies. The second step of my research is to look conversely at the effect of economic policies on social attitudes. I will assess the effect of human resources management and welfare state policies on cooperation within organizations and the society. I propose cutting-edge methods to carry on this research agenda. First, I will track social and economic attitudes on the cyberspace by using a Medialab. The development of new communications technologies has triggered a revolution in the social traces that citizens leave simply by using digital technologies. The available data reservoirs on the web are colossal and can provide a new way to relate self-reported social and economic attitudes. I will also provide to the civil society new instruments of reflexivity on the state of social and economic cooperation. Second, I will introduce the new tools of randomized experiments in the sphere of social sciences to estimate the impact of economic policies on social attitudes. I will run these experiments in the context of the management of human resources to understand how inequalities and organizational structure can influence cooperative attitudes.»

Lauréat : Yann Algan

Appel : Consolidator Grants, panel SH1 Markets, individuals Institutions. Acronyme : SOWELLTitre : Social Preferences, Well-Being and PolicyHost institution : Sciences PoFinancement : 1 569 802 € 

Résumé

«The goal of my project is to develop advanced research into the foundations of social preferences and well-being. If high value is placed on social coo-peration and well-being for human development, then it becomes an urgent task to elaborate appropriate theories and measures, to understand their foundations, and to identify policies that will enhance them. I will advance this research in three steps: 1) The first stage will break new ground in the theory and measurement of social preferences and well-being, by exploiting the «Big Data» revolution and exporting behavioral economics into the field with online representative samples of societies and organizations. 2) The next stage will exploit those new large-scale behavioral measures to analyze the foundations of social preferences, sorting out the role of social cognition, in-dividual life experience and social norms. 3) The third step will be to evaluate how policy affects social preferences and well-being, and in particular in the realms of education, employment and institutions. This project will yield pro-posals for a new agenda in the assessment of policies, by integrating criteria based on their impact on social cooperation and happiness. I will propose cutting-edge methods to carry out this research. First I will use the revolu-tionary possibilities of Big Data to test theories of happiness by exploiting high-frequency behavioral measurements of well-being from Web 2.0. Se-cond I will use computational sciences to develop an online laboratory aimed at studying social behaviors on representative samples of the population and how they relate with real world production and policy, thus addressing the lack of external validity that currently hampers experimental economics. Last, I will combine these new measurements of behavior with randomized trials, in order to assess policy within a new paradigm based on social preferences and well-being. My research is both theoretical, empirical and trans-disciplinary.»

Lauréat : Jenny Anderson

Appel : Starting Grant, panel SH2 Institutions, valeurs, croyances et comportements. Acronyme : FUTUREPOLTitre : A Political History of the Future : Knowledge Production and Future Governance 1945-2010.Host institution : Sciences PoFinancement : 1 302 949 €

 

Résumé

«FUTUREPOL seeks to open up a new field of historical and political enquiry around the history of future governance. As an object of governance, the future is notoriously rebellious: difficult to define, defying notions of objectivity and truth. Nevertheless, a crucial feature of modern societies is their belief in the knowability and governability of the future, the belief that through the means of scientific rationality and political power, the future can be controlled. FUTUREPOL aims to study shifting ideas of the knowability and governability of the future, in order to illuminate the process in which the future is transformed from its nebulous and uncertain state into an object of governance. Moreover, it intends an historical analysis of how this process varies over time in the post war period. The project thus asks two central research questions: How does the future become an object of governance? And how is this process different today, than earlier in the post war period? FUTUREPOL will address four problems: First, it will study the origins of futurology and its birth in transnational networks of futurists in the immediate post war period. Second, it intends to study the way that futurists’ ideas were translated into policy and gave rise to public institutions devoted to the future in many countries in Europe and beyond. Third, it will situate these problems in a global field where concerns with national futures are confronted to concerns with the survival of the world system as a whole, and fourth, it aims to study the evolution of the means of future governance over time, and proposes that such an historical analysis of future governance can permit us to historicize central forms of modern governance such as the governance of risk, foresight or scenarios, and thus help us understand the way that contemporary societies engage with the future.»

Lauréat : Jean-Paul Gaudillière

Appel : Advanced Grant, panel SH3 Environnement et Société. Acronyme : GLOBHEALTHTitre : : «From International to Global: Knowledge, Diseases and the Postwar Government of Health.»Host institution : INSERMFinancement : 2 307 432 €

 

Résumé

«This project aims at a socio-historical study of the transition between the two regimes of knowledge and action, which have characterized the government of health after World War II: the regime of international public health, dominating during the first decades of the postwar era, which was centered on eradication policies, nation-states and international UN organizations; the present regime of global health, which emerged in the 1980s and is centered on risk management and chronic diseases, market-driven regulations, and private-public alliances.The project seeks to understand this transition in terms of globalization processes, looking at the making of knowledge, the production and commercialization of health goods, the implementation of public health programs, and routine medical work. It will focus on four fields of investigations: tuberculosis, mental health, traditional medicine and medical genetics in order to understand how categories, standardized treatment regimens, industrial products, management tools or specific specialties have become elements in the global government of health. The project associates historical and anthropological investigations of practices in both international and local sites with strong interests in: a) the changing roles of WHO; b) the developments taking place in non-Western countries, India in the first place.The expected benefits of this research strategy are: a) to take into account social worlds including laboratories, hospitals, enterprises, public health institutions and internatio-nal organizations; b) to approach the global as something translated in and emerging from local practices and local knowledge; c) to explore different levels of circulations beyond the classical question of North-South transfers; d) to deepen our understanding of the transition from the political and economical order of the Cold War into a neo-liberal and multi-centric age of uncertainty.»

Lauréat : Anne-Madeleine Goulet

Appel : Consolidator GrantAcronyme : PERFORMARTTitre : «Promoting, Patronising and Practising the Arts in Roman Aristocratic Families (1644-1740). The Contribution of Roman Family Archives to the History of Performing Arts»Host institution : CNRSFinancement : 1 999 183 €

 

Résumé

«Rome, centre of the Catholic Church and capital of the Papal States, strewn with churches and religious institutions, was also, in the 17th and 18th

centuries, the scene of intense conflicts and rivalries between some twenty leading aristocratic families, highly adept at organising musical, theatrical and choreographic performances to display their political sympathies. The artistic life that animated the palaces and country villas of this elite has been far less studied than that of the papal court, the grand theatres or the principal churches of Rome. The PERFORMART project aims to en-rich our understanding of the history of performing arts among the Roman nobility between 1644 and 1740 by exploiting the abundant documentation contained in the archives of eleven leading aristocratic families. The present proposal arises from the previous research of the principal investigator in the Orsini-Lante Archives. For the first time, PERFORMART will bring to-gether specialised archivists and historians, all expert in different aspects of this micro-society, in a systematic collaboration between the history of the performing arts, choreographic studies, and art, music, social, and economic history. Via a relational database, this collaboration will bring to light original sources able to elucidate the social and artistic practices of Roman fami-lies, the motivations and conditions of patronage, the material framework of artistic productions, the status of the artist and his degree of dependence on his protectors, and, finally, the political, local and international impact of the involvement of these noble families on the artistic life of Rome.»

Lauréat : Bruno Latour

Appel : Advanced Grant, panel SH2 Institutions, valeurs, croyances et comportements.Acronyme : AIMETitre : An Inquiry into Modes of Existence.Host institution : Sciences PoFinancement : 1 334 720 €

 

Résumé

«AIME is an inquiry to make more precise what is lumped together into the confusing word «modernization». The work done in the field of science studies (STS) on the progress and practice of science and technology has had the consequence of deeply modifying the definition of «modernity», resulting into the provocative idea that «we (meaning the Europeans) have never been modern». This is, however only a negative definition. To obtain a positive rendering of the European current situation, it is necessary to start an inquiry in the complex and conflicting set of values that have been invented. This inquiry is possible only if there is a clear and shareable way to judge the differences in the set of truth-conditions that make up those conflicting sets of values. AIME offers a grammar of those differences based on the key notion of modes of existence. Then it builds a procedure and an instrument to test this grammar into a selected set of situations where the definitions of the differing modes of existence is redefined and renegotiated. The result is a set of shareable definitions of what modernization has been in practice. This is important just at the moment when Europe has lost its privileged status and needs to be able to present itself in a new ways to the other cultures and civilizations which are making up the world of globalization with very different views on what it is to modernize themselves.»

Lauréat : Catherine Tallon-Baudry

Appel : Advanced Grant. Acronyme : BRAVIUSTitre : Brain-viscera interactions underlie subjectivityHost institution : ENSFinancement : 2 080 000 € 

 

Résumé

«Subjectivity defines the subject who is perceiving, feeling, thinking, acting, and is essential to understand the conscious mind from the inside. However, subjectivity, or non-reflective first-person perspective, is not identified as a core concept in cognitive neuroscience and its neural basis remain largely unknown. BRAVIUS offers a unified framework to appraise both the concept and the neural mechanisms generating subjectivity. The hypothesis relies on two vital organs that generate their own rhythmic electrical activity, the stomach and the heart, and therefore constantly send information up to the neocortex, even in the absence of bodily change. Cortical responses to those visceral organs would define the organism as an entity at the neural level, and create a subject-centered referential from which first-person perspective can develop. In other words, the cardiac and gastric pacemakers could feed the brain with self-specifying inputs. BRAVIUS builds on previous theories and studies on visceral states but focuses on ascending information, from viscera to brain, and does not require visceral states to change nor to be consciously perceived. Experimentally, BRAVIUS measures the understudied neural response evoked by heartbeats and introduces a new measure, the electro-gastrogram, to quantify the slow gastric pacemaker. BRAVIUS will test with magneto-encephalography (MEG) the role of neural responses to ascending visceral signals in generating subjectivity by cutting across domains of cogni-tive sciences and exploring diverse paradigms where subjectivity is engaged: perceptual consciousness, self-consciousness, emotions and decision making. BRAVIUS will further explore how cardiac and gastric ascending signals shape the temporal (MEG) and spatial (fMRI) organization of spontaneous brain activity. The project outcome is a detailed mechanistic neural account of the most private part of the human mind, and a unified concept of subjectivity across cognitive domains.»