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pa3pemeHme qepe3 FocygapcTBeHHyIo 3KoJIorw4ecKyLo 3KCnepTH3y nocne Toro, KaK npe,AuOceHjie

YTBep)AeHO perHOHanbHbM OTUenjOM MHHHCTepCTBa rp1pOHalHbIX pecypCoB, a TaK)Ke nocne

noJylMeHEIA COOTBeTCTBy}OiuerO YBCIOMfleHH5A Co CTOpOHblI HalpHoHaribHoro iewHlpa no oxpaie

oKpyxKaiouwer Cpelbl H yCTOHMHB0My pa3BHTHIO, - opraHm3auHH, KOTopag OTBeqaeT 3a nogHicaMHHecoriTaLeHHH H OCyeCCTBJ1eHHe MOHHTOPHHra fpOeKTOB B ccepe 3KOJIO17HH. 'ITO KacaeTcs5npegwno)KeHHoro npoeKTa, COOTBeTCTBY1OIgee nO,jTBepAKeHHe 6buro nOJIy'WeHO OT MeCTHOrO

3KoJlorHweCKoro OCyaapCTBeHHOrO opraHa K3bln-OpZHHCKOA o6nacTH..

KoHcyJlbTauoHHbliii npoixecc

1.9 KoHcynbTaLtHn C 1rpc,CTaBHTCnAMR HaceJieH[x, npl0)HBBaomLferO B 3OHC OCYLUCCTBJICHH3I

npoeKTa, BeqyTcCA ywKe MHOFO nIeT C TOro MoMeHTa, KOrUa KPH3HC ApaJlbCKOrO MOp cTTaI npeAMeTOM

H3yleHHsI npH aKTHBHOM y'aCTHH H nogep)Ke meWoyHapo,Hbix opraHH3aUH. Tror,a We 6blnH

onpej(enieHbl H B03MO)KHbie BapHaHTbi pemIeHIIA 3TOH npo6JIeMEbI. Cpegii MCCTHOFO HaceyIeHHe 6blTyeT

MHeHHe, qTO r1pCAU1PHHHMaeTCS CJHWIIKOM MHOrO HCCJIeAOBaHHH1 H KOHCyRbTaIAHi lpH CJIHIWKOM

MaJIOM qHcne KOHKPCTHbix npaKT4qeCKHX ,aerCTBHA. Bo BpeMS1 nORFOTOBKH npoeKTa 6Ojiee aKTHBHoe

y-4acTHe IIPHHI4MaJIH pa3jH4Hbie CpegcCTaBHTenH 06UeCTBeHHOCTH U 6o0ee aKTHBHo OCYLL(eCTJIS31J1CM

KOHCyflbTaLlHOHHbIri npoilecc. floRroToBKa npoeKTa BKJIoqaJIa: (i) BcTpe'.iH KOHcyjibTaTHBHoro

xapaKTepa C KOHCYJbTaHTaMH no HHxCHepHo-TeXHHtMeCKHM BonpoCaM, ripeArCTaBHTeJiBMH KoMHTeTa

rIo BO,HbIM pecypcaM H K3hI1-OpqHHCKoHi o6nacTHorl aartMHHHCTpauHH, KOTOpble IIpOBO,aHBHCb Ha

HaqajibHOM 3Tane pa3pa6oTKH npoeKTa, 6biaui npoBBeaCHbl JBa pa6olrnx cCMHHapa B K3bii-Opae H

HoBoKa3anHHcKe (3-6 mapTa 1998 r. H 4-7 Mas 1998 r.) C LuejibO o6cyx<AeHHM H CorFJaCOBaHHA

pa3aIHiHbIx BapHaHTOB rIpoerTa, BblHeceHHbMX Ha paccMoTpeHHe; (ii) ALBa flpaKTHieCKHx ceCMnHapa B

mae 2000 roAa, - B ApaJmCKe H K3bU-OpXje, - KOTOphIC rpOBOUH4JIHC6 KOHCyjibTaHTaMH no BOnpOCaM

OLtCHKH COCTOAlHHS oKpy)Kaioiierl cpelbi; H (iii) KOHCyjlbTaUHOHHbie BCTpeqH 3KCICpTOB B

MHHHCTepCTBe npHPOaHbIX pCCYpCOB H OXpaHbl OKpyxKaiomerH CpCpTb (Mail 2000 roaa), C neJbioo6cyxcAeHw1 pe3yJTh6TaTOB HpOBegeHHoH oLkeHKH. ABa HH4¢opMaljHOHHbIX COBeCuaHHSA 6 bijnH

opraHH3oBaHb1 HaI.HoHaJbHbIM KOMHTeTOM no BO,4HbIM pecypCaM H HX KOHCynbTaHTaMH. BCoBei1aHHiAx npHHMnH yqaCTHe OKOAO 30-35 npeacTaBrnTener MeCTHblX opraHH3aIjHu4, B TOM qHcJ1e,H-pe,lCTaBHTeCfH HeCpaBHTCebCTBeHHbIX opraH43agHri. rO OCHOBHblM MeponpHATHsAM,

3an.tiaHHpOBaHHblM B npoeKTe, H HX BO3MOXKHOM B03JICi1CTBHH Ha OKpyAIatOUiyto cpeay 6bmi aaH6

pH4Hr Ha Ka3axcKoM H PYCCKOM Sq3blKaX. Bo BpeMl o6CyX(geHHri yiaCTIIHKK BblpaIanHpelUHTenbHylo noXepwxKy npoeKTy H nofq'epKHBaj1H HacyuiHyio Heo6xoJqHMOCTb KaK MOiXHO cKopee

HaqaTb CTPOMTCJbCTBO gaM6bl B CCBepHoM qaCTH ApaIIbCKOFO MOpS aim ee cnaceHCHHi XaK

rm,aponori4ecxoro o6seKTa. rIo,qepxHBanocb, 4To nocie pa3pylueHAs BpeMeHHOH aaM66l 4epe3

uoistlng NAS Dn~.aii .crlin bullt In 1992 iatso away In 1993. AlSc 63ertReconetractlio se,ce 1946. Dnd t on Stnacn._r- s .aDasiy actacen cndA ..ction on Ia ahsay, 1990 osfa ca n

3itl -- cy-nc .ca.acity.

Syrdarya Control and< V X / tin A^Anctiooe' orfio dcn 0 North Aral Sea Project

\ < in 6-e no-i olt -1 ~ the Oik_-o th, 1-c-t da...g,d

It.JrennSino sotfidIen' tnArt-yrg CApacity - Project Area -

b \ f f _ _ / | ; { t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~arrying cAacacty. A6DnS/o\ _ __ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o -_ _ \ I 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~Irrigation Intaaen lg5aLDDcSOn3/ni

So_ Figure 4 Location uind Type of Majol' Pi oject Interventions

3/Ait OcerFIoe cci. and f-te dA-

/ oj / \ / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Restrictd convey ance cagcyt Koy erocn intoea deori lon3

bt448 *s - E O ~~~~~~~~~~~ -_ / tK / _ . R~.*, --- ehagiiittioln and rsn poetD

r . 1 <7 / / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-a- nesasrps rcul>red

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e-aoJ eEL~]Si - ;Zl.D L7_RDA

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1 _ 76_ 25D'

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- an iealy' ocrc-o hy v;...oai.- titct--

M,y, ~,yd, .M-o y ac..t\na: n /reaa I e _iin d K r AR A

Rail wz7 e vnyC s S Al ctnOOn. nc/I nOt-ikttctI ef cate o^

-~~ ~ ~ -ItP -9 Stt ba5e ut-n ts fIe tmg ar

---- Bordry Rler of region5/

d- ltnreitne of Ansi Sea 1991)a Mayor tydraadic straOtares fi

Source: CES. SogrcDh lygonioe gyad tazgiprcvodllozAR DI ,0C iUL

6

nponusB bepra Bo3HHKJIa cepbe3HaR OnaCHOCTb Bo3H4KHoBeHHS Ha MeCTe CeBePHOi4 4aCTH

ApaJlbCKoro MOSp HCCKOJTbKH4X BOROeMOB C BbICOKOU cTerieHbIO COflCHOCTH BOjbl. ACTafbHOe

orrUcaHUe BCTpe'H a ero HpOTOKOJI npHBe)IeHbi B HpHqlO)KeHHH A, ripHnJaraeMoM K OTieTy o6oLteHKe COCTOXHHX OKpyP-Kaiomei Cpe,bl. CnHcoK yqaCTHHKOB HPHBeCeH B flpHno>KeHuHH 2.

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pyCCKOM q3blKaX HiepegaHbl B HH4opMawboHuoe OTR eIeHHe MIHpOBoro 6aHKa, rle MOryT 6blTE

rIOfyIeHbI B PC3HXqHHUHH WB H LU1HpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHbI B Ka3axcTaHe. KonHH 3THX OTqeTOB 6yIyT

riepegaHbi TaIKofe BCeM crpaHaM, UHpHHMMaOIHM yLaCTHe B flporpaMMe Bo3poxgReHHq ApaibcKoro

MOpA.

2 OIIMCAHHE lIPOElCTA

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2.1 <<(IpoeKT yripaBJIeHH BOAHbIMH pecypcami CbIpgapbH H ceBepHRa MaCTb ApajlbcKoro MOpA>)

6bmn onpegenieH KaK nepBblH 3Tan o6MeH flpOrpaMMbI pa3BHTI4A peKH CblpAapbA B KOHTeKcTe

fporpaMMbl pa3BHTWI 6acceUHa ApaJlbCKoro MOpA, OCymeCTBJ1eHHC KOTOPOH HaqaTIOCb B 1993 rojgy.

HCxoAsi 143 KOHUeriiHH ylpaBJIeHHA BO;HbIMH pecypcamH 6accefHa peKH, B rlporpaMMe pa3BHTIA

PeKH Cbipjapbti 4OpMyRMpy1oTCA cnegytomLHe enH: (i) nOaaepPKKa H yCHJ1CHHe pa3BHTHS CeJTbCKOrO

X03SH4CTBa (B TOM 4HCeii, CKOTOBOACTBa), a TaKAe pa3BHTHe pbl6Horo Xo32HCTBa B 6acceHiHe peiH

Cbip[apb51; (ii) o6ecneetie e COXpaHHOCTH CeBepHOH 'IaCTH ApanlbCKoro MopX, yJIyMweCHH3KOIorHqeCKHX YCJOBHH H COCTOSHHA OKpy)Kaio[ueH cpegbi B geSjbTe H B paHIOHe ApaJ]bcKoro MOpA.

HmiKc IIPHBOZUtTCS nepeteHb Mep, KOTOpbIC Heo6xOTiHMo 6C3oTnaraTenibHo nlplAnpHHITb B pamyax

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(a) o6ecneCeHHe H coxpaHeHi4e CCBCpHOU MaCTH ApanbCKOrO MOpS, qTO flO3BOJIHT

yulyWHTb: (i) CHTyUAHIO B pbl60HpOMblCJIOBOM CeKTOpe; (ii) COCTOSIHHe 3A0pOBbM

mKOgeH H iKHBOTHblx; (iii) COUHaYibHo-3KoHoMHqeCKyfo cUTyauHio B PCFHOHe - B TOM

'qiHC4Ie, CHH3HTb TeMnlb 3MHrpa4mH H3 perHOHa; (iV) COCTOS1HHe 3KOJIOrHH, a TaKoKe

dJIOpMb H cfayHbI AaHHOOrO perHOHa;

(b) YCulneHHe KOHTPOJIs B OTHOimeHHUH rHgpOCHCTeMbi peKH CblpAapb, H YBeilH4eHHm

npOrryCKHOH CIIOCOGHOCTH peKH, a TaKiKe nOTOKa BOAbl B CeJIbTO U B HaripaBJICHHI

CeBepHOn qaCTH ApamlcKoro MOpX [1yTeM BOCCTaHoBnIeHHA flHHpaCTpyKTypbl

OCHOBHOU rtipOCHCTeMbi, qTO 11O3BOJIUT go6UTbcs COXpaHeHHM H YflyMlleHHe

rnoo)KeHHA B CeJlbCKOM XO3SAHCTBe H pbi6HoM npoMbICJie;

(C) COBeplUeHCTBOBaHHe OpraHH3au4OHHOH CTPYKTypbl UeHTpaJIbHOrO H peroHoHajbHorooTAeJ1eH KOMHTeTa BOAHbIX peCypCOB H 4pyrHX OpraHOB H yqpeK,eHHH,

OTBeTCTBeHHIlX 3a: (i) ynpaBBJeHHe, 3KCnflyaTaiUHiO H HOjIjepiKKy HiH#paCTpyKTypbI

7

OCHOBHOH rHapOCHCTeMbl; (ii) OcyWeCTBJIeHHe pyKOBOaCTBa HHBeCTHUIHOHHbIM

npoeKToM, rlpOBegeHHA MOHHTOpHHra, OLeHKH, a TaK>Ke HccJ1e,oBaHHH, HMetOLLtliX

oTHomieiHe Ki npoeKTy.

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CeBepHoro ApanbcKoro MOpA; (ii) HoBbILIeHHe KOHTPOJM 3a r4;pOcICTeMOii PeKH CbipgapbH H ee

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BO,HbIX pecypCOB B 3OHe AejlbTbl H CeBepHoro ApaJlbCKoro MOpA, a TaKoKe pbl6HbIX npOMbICnOB; (v)

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pyKOBO,ACTBa npoeKToM, COBepwIeHCTBoBaHtle OPFaHR3aLHOHHOJ CTPYKTypbl C uenbiO noBbiIueHHm31xpeKTHBHOCTH KOHTPOJI5 3a BOAHbIMH pecypcami H peail3autleg npoeKTa, a TaK>oe HOIrOTOBKH K

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2.3 BOCCTaHOBJleHHe CeBepHoro Apalibcicoro mMOp (ICoMnoHeHTa A). B pe3yJIbTaTer1OHH)KCHHA YPOBHX BOabl B ApanbCKOM Mope, B 1989-90 roaax Ka ero mecTC BO3HHKJIH aBa BOaOeMa.

flp 3TOM ChipjapbA BriagaeT B ceBepHblHi BOqOeM (CeBepHoe AparlbcKoe Mope). TaK KaK ypoBeHb

BOL,bI B bOjbmBOM ApanbcKoN Mope ripoaojKIan nafjaTb, a)HHa coenHHAnoiiero KaHana COCTaBHJ1a

OKono 25 KM. B poInHBe bepra 6brna riocTpoeHa gam6a H KaHaI, COeAHHAlOl9HH ABe MaCTH MOpA;

KOHTpOJTb 3a ypOBHeM BOabl B CeBepHOM ApaJmbCKOM Mope OCyHIeCTBJACJI Ha MeCTHOM ypOBHe. DTo

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peryJuipoBaHano u4 yny'llueHliO CUCTeMbl 14CnO1hb3OBaHH BOAHbIX pecypCoB, a TaK)we

OCYUAeCTBJIeHHIO KOHTPOJInx 3a BoAOCHa6)KeHHeM pa3IHqHbix noTpe6HTeiierl, B TOM HYIcne 3a

npHTOKOM BOAbl B CeBepHoe ApajibcKoe Mope. Pa6oTbl B 3OHe aCJIbTbl BKjnomlaIOT: (i) 3ameHy

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8

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9

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10

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11

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12

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3KOJOrHqeCKHX npo6JieM H Me)K1yHapOaHbIM COTPYAHH4qeCTBOM B c4epe OXpaHbl OKpy)KaIOLeleH

cpe,abi.

3.4 B HacTouiIee BpCMq MHHHCTepCTBO npHPOXaHbIX peCypCOB H OXpaHbI oKpyxKatoLueH cpealb

(MNREP) ABJIqeTCsA UeHTpajibHbIM HCnOJIHHTeSJbHbIM OpraHOM B c4~epe oxpaHbl OKpy)KcaOmeH Cpegbl

H HCHIOJlb3OBaHBH rlpHpOUHbIX peCypCOB. B cocTaBe MNNREP cyInecTBytr HeCKOJIbKO

FOCYAapCTBeHHblX opraHOB, KOTOpbie BblIHOJIHMOT 3YHKUHH Bbicue[o HCIOJHHTeSJbHoro

PYKOBO.aCTBa B pa3JH-lHb1X c4epax oXpaHbl fPHPOabl H HCHIJTb3OBaHAS npHpORHbIX pecypcoB. CioaaBXOJA.T AreHTCTBO 110 HcCrIoJb3oBaHHIo 3eMenjbHbiX pecypcoB, KoMHTeT no BO9HblM pecypcam H

KoMHTeT Ho reojiortiH H coxpaHeHHlo TIpHpO2jHblX pecypcoB. MHHHCTepCTBO HpHpO.aHbIX pecypcoB

ABJIAeTCA npece Bcero peryJo pyEoiUm BeAOMCTBOM B Boripocax CoXpaHeHHA oKpyWaFoMeA CpeAbi.

K yHKLUHAM MNREP oTHocSTcsA: ocyHxeCTBjieHHe KOHTPOJHI 3a co6nioenHteM 3aKOHa o COXpaHeHUH

oKpy)KaEomeA cpegbi, pa3pa6oTKa riInaHOB qe4CTBH4i B cc1epe 3KOJIOrJ4 H cocTBeTCTBCYIOMeIg

HOpMaTHBHOH 6a3i, OiAeHKH COCTOSHHA OKpyKcatomeii cpeabl, Bbiaa'la H amyilHpOBaHUe

pa3pemeHHA Ha Bbi6pOCbi, y)lajieHHe H 3axopOHeHHe OTXOqOB. Ha mecTax 4yHKuHH no KOHTPOJHO 3a

COCTOAHHCM 3KOJIOrHH BO3JiaratoTcI Ha o6JiaCTEoe ynpaBjieHHe MNIREP.

3.5 KoMHTeT no BOA6HbIM pecypcam (WRC) HejaBHO 6 bEml nepegaH B COCTaB MHHHCTePCTBa

fllpHOAHbIX peCypCOB, rae OCYLUeCTBjsleT B HaCTOAUee BpeMSI KOHTPOJlb 4(nA BbIrIOJ]HeHHeM npoeKTa.

3To gaeT YHHKJaAbHYIo B03MOiKHOCTb riojiHocTbio HHTerpHPOBaTb paccmoTpeHHe Becex

3KIoFrHmecKHx aenCKTOB npH nOQFOTOBKY npoeKTa H ero pearnM3auHH. KpoMe Toro, K pa6oTe Hag

3KOJ1orHiecKHMH HcCJelaOBaHHAMMH H MOHHTOPHHrOM 6blInH IpHBJIeqeHbt H HeKOTOpbie gpyrmeopraHm3aLUHH, TaKCHe, KaK flpHapanbcKHri 3KO;lOrHFIeCKHH UlHTP B Ka3aiHHCKe, Ka3rumpoMeT

(KinHMaT/rHAponior-KA), Ka3HIII4PX (Bonpochl pbl6Horo xo3AiAcTBa), 4HHCTHTyT 6OTaHl4KH (H3yieHHe

riaCT6Hux H BOqHo-6OJ1OTHbIx yroJlHH), OTVeJIeHHs pbi6HOrO XO3AHCTBa, JIeCHOro XO3SiHcTBa H

OXOTHHqbero Xo3RrICTBa nptH MHHHCTepCTBa ceJbcKoro xO3MIHCTBa. Flpe!noJiaraeTCe, qTO Bce 3TU

OpraHH3aLuHH rpHMYT TaRKwe yYacTHe B BbinOjiHeHHH H MOHHTOPHHre npOeKTaH.

4 OIIHCAH14E OTCPYWCAIOItEII CPE,bI

TepplHTopuH peajiH3aiHH npoeIcTa ti c4epa BatIHHHIIH

4.1 TeppHTopHq peajTH3aiAHH npoeKTa BKRnollaeT B ce6A 6acceHH CbipqapbH OT l4apjapnHHcKoro

BOjOXpaHHYIHWa Ha y36eKCKoii rpaHHUe BlJIOTb go CeBepHoro ApanbCKoro MOpf. HeCKOJIbKO 30H C

HC3aBHCHMOH CHcTeMoH ynpaBj1eHHM BOZHb]MH pecypcamH 6brnH tCKJIIOqeHbl 13 tCcciieJOBaHHS. Ba,MHHHCTPaTHBHOM OTHOLueHHH 3OHa peaJHMaum npoeKTa BKJlOqaeT paHOHbi K3bJI]-OpHuHCKOr4 H

IOKHO-Ka3aXCTaHCKOH o6naCTeO B paMKax 6acCCeHHa pCKH CbipaapbH. CqHTaeTCS, MTO CblpapbI

6epeT CBoe Ha4a1iO B MeCTe CJHAHXHH peK HapbIH H Kapa 4apbA B cDepraHCKOHi ,L]OJ1HHe, KOTOpaH

HaXOJiHTCS1 B KHprH3cTaHe. 3oHa panjiH3aUHH ripoeKTa OXBaTbIBaeT TCppHTOpH10 B 230 000KBBapaTHbIX KuioMoeTpOB C HaceJieHHeM OKOJIo 800 000 iejioBeK. rIpoggHA no paHOHaM Y36eKMcTaHa,

13

rge 6ombmloe KO.Mi4eCTBO BOqbl Hcro.Ib3yeTCA qJ]A OpOLHeHJHX, peKa BriaAaeT B 4apaapHHCKoeBO,joxpaHHJHwe, 'TO Ha TeppHTOpHH Ka3axCTaHa.

MaTepiajibHble pecypCbl

4.2 Bo)lbie pecypcbl. 3oHa peai43aLuH ripoeKTa npeAcTaBnAeT co6oH 3aCyLHJI1HBYIO

TeppHTopHro, KOTopaa xapaKTeepH3yeTcA ,HTeJIbHbLM )KaPKHM JIeTOM H XJIOXAHOH1 3UMOH. CpeaHHN

rOAoBOA ypoaeHb ocaAKoB KoRe6AeTcq OT 1 10 MM B6 n[l3m ApaibcKoro Mmop5 Ao 244 MM B6n1431

qapgapHHHcKoa rLiJOTLIHbI. CbipJgapbA XBnAeTCI riJaBHbIM HCTO'HHKOM BOAbl. CyueCTByeT HeCKOYIbKO

eCTeCTBeHHbIX BOROCMOB B 30He peaJIH3LUaH npoeKTa, B TOM MHCJIe HecKoJTbKo - B perwOHe IeeJTbTbI

Cbip,aaphH H CeBepHoro ApanbcKoro MopA. Bce OHH 3aBHCAT OT IIPHTOKa BOA CbipqapbH. BnJIOTb AO

1960 roaa, KOrma YPOBeHb CBO6OaHOA nOBepXHOCTH BOgbI HaqaJI CHHXKaTbC3I, a cTerreHb coJTeHOCTH -

nOBbHlUaTbCl, COOTHOLIeIHHe ypOBHq nIOBePXHOCTH BOAbLI H CTenIeHH COJieHOCTH ApambCKorO MOmpH

6blnO OTROCHTeJCbHO cTa6UJnbHblM. CniTcye'r OTMeTHTb, -tTO, HOJO6HO 6o0IbWUHcTBy 6nu3KO

pacHOJIO>KeHHbIX BogoeMOB, OHO, BepOMTHO, rIpeTepneBaJIo IocTeneHHble H3MeHeHHA, 'ITO nIpuseJno

6bl K ero rOJIHOMy HCIqe3HOBCHHIO KaK BOaOeMa B TewCHHe TbIC3IqH HJiH ueCSTKOB TbICq JICeT. flaHaKo,

3TO npoLlecc 6bin YCKOpeH BCeiCTBle pa3BHTH5I B 1960-X roqax HHTeHCUiBHOFO CenJbCKoro XO3S1HCTBa

Ha opomLaeCMbIX 3CMJISX B 3TOM 6aCCeCHe. COBeTCKICHe ITaHHPYIOIlHC opraHbi rpCeJBHJaCICH

Bo3,qeHCTBHe Hepe6pOCKH CTOKa U3 Cbipgapbu H 60obmior AMygapbH B ApanicKoe Mope, HO

HoCqHTaJiH, wTO Mope RBjsieTca He HaCToJHbKo Ba)KHbiM npHpOAHbIM pecypcoM, qT06bl H3-3a HeronpenATCTBOBaTb Pa3BUTHIO CeJlbCKOrO X03,HICTBa. XOTA YPOBeHb HOBePXHOCTH HOHH3HIJICX Ha 6MeTPOB 3a noc.1eJHHe HeCKOJIbKO BeKOB H OKORo 3 MeTpOB 3a nocYIeUHHe 200 ReT, npH 3TOM

Ha6nIo,anHcb H nrep4oqbi OTHOCHTeJCbHOU CTa6UI4bHOCTH.

4.3 C 1961 no 1997 r. YPOBeHh ApaJlbCKOrO MOp9 CHHfKfJiC B cpeCHeM Ha 45 CM/rOA H K 1997rIO,Dy AOCTHr YPOBHA 36 M Hag ypOBHeM MOpOX. FIpOH3oLUJIH TaloKe H3MeHeHHm H B CBOICTBaX

CBo6O0 HoH llOBepXHOCTH MOPA - H3MCHHICA YPOBCHb nOBePXHOCTH BOabI H ripouecc 3apOKceHHA

BOJIH, KOTOpbie onpezensiAoTc HanpaBneHHem H CKOpOCTbEO BeTpa, 6aTHMeTpH4cCKHN11 YCJIOBHqMH

MeCTHOCTH H TOnOrpa4tieg MopCKoro no6epe>KbA. B CBA3H C noHH)KeHi4eM YPOBHA nOBePXHOCTH

BOabI HHrKe 39 MeTPOB, ApaibCKoe MOpe OKa3anIOCh pa3feneHHbIM Ha gBa BogoeMa, MeHbIUf49 U3KOTOPbIX - 3TO CeBepHoe ApanbcKoe Mope, a 6onbwiir4 - ]Gonbwmoe ApanbcKoe MOpe.

4.4 COKpalCHHe npHTOKa PCK B ApanlbCKOC MOpC COnpOBOXKaC0TCA yBeJIH4CHHCM COJICHOCTH,

T.K. CylLIeCTByIOHHi nplHTOK B MOpe He cnoco6eH KOMJleHC-IpOBaTb HOTepH BOabl BCReLACTBHe

HcnapeHHiA. ECTeCTBeHHaA coJIeHocTb MOpA B nepBOH nOJIOBHHe 20 CTOJleTHK COCTaBYIlAIa OT 9.8 AO10.3 r/n, qTO COCTaBJIAeT Mymb MeHblue TpeTH ConeHOcTH 60nbLueH MaCTEI OKeaHOB. HaMHHa5i c 1970rogIa, YpOBeHb CoJIeHOCTH EOJIbaioro ApajiCKOrO MOPA rioCTerieHHO yBejH'-I4BaujiCA no mepe TOro,

KaK Mope yMeHbuIaJOCb, U K 1991 rogy cocTaBi4TI 32-34 r/n. Ha ]iPOT>KeHCHHH 1960-1990 rOjOBCOjTeHOCTb CeBepHoro ApambCKoro MOpA yBCJIH4HBallaCb c 6onJbrnem CKOpOCTbiO no CpaBHeHHIO C

coJIeHOCTbIO Bonblnioro ApanbcKoro Mop3, H 1K 1990 roAy uocTHrJia 34 rhi, a B HeKOTOpblX parioHax -

40 r/n. Korua npOIHB Bepra nepecox, ripHTOK CbipqapbH B CeBepHoe Apa.hECKOe MOpe HaqaJi

CHHRKaTL coJeIHocTb, KOTOpaA B 1997 roAy nocnie COOPYVKeHHB BpeMeHHOHi ruiOTHHbl B rlpojiHBe bepra

COCTaBHna 19 r/n.

4.5 BBepx nO TeqeiHio OT qapaapHHCKOrO BOAOXpaHHnHma HaXOgATCA HeCKOJIbKO

BoloxpaHHnHT1I, HaH6onmLuee H3 KOTOP6LX - ToKTyrynbcKoe, pacnonooKeHHoe Ha peKe HapbIH, Ha

KOTOPOM pacnoRO)KeH KaCKaB rHnpo3neKTpOCTaHuHHi. C aKTHBHbIM 3anacoM BOiHbIX peCypCOB B 14MHJRHOHOB Ky6HqOcKHx MeTpOB, ToKlTyry.hmcKoe ABsAeTcs eaHHCTBeHHLIM BOJqoXpaHHnHweM,

CnOCO6HblM H3 roaa B roA KOMnICHCHPOBaTE Kojie6aHHA CTOKa CblpaapbH. qapzIapHHcKoe

14

BaooxpaH"unHme c aKTHBHbIM 3ariacom BOJHbIX pecypcoB Bcero B 4 230 000 Ky6HWeCKHX MeTpOB He

MO)KeT BMeCTHTb AOCTaTOqHOrO o6feMa BO9I gnsA nioAgepx<aHHq CTOKa CbmpgapbH Ha Heo6xoqHMoMypOBHC. Kpome TOrO, COCTOXHHe qapaapHHCKOi IrIOTHHbl CYIJICCTBCHHO YXYZtUIHJKOCb H, B

COOTBeTCTBHH C MHpOBLIMH CTaHAapTaM, oHa npH3HaHa HaxozuuLeHcA B aBapHAHOM COCTO05HHH. BnoCReAiHNe rogbi ToKxyrynbcKoe BoaoxpaHHnnHiC HCIIOJIh3yeTCA, B OCHOBHOM, Unm npOm3BO'CTBa

3JleKTPO3HePFHH B 3HMHHHi nepHoA. B pe3ylbTaTe npIHTOK BOUbI B HapjapHHCKOe BOgoXpaHHJIHJJie

YBCflHHMnCB B 3KMHHH HepIHo4a H yMeHbmUwHIC B nieTHHH nepHo. flpH orpaHH'ICHHOI rIpOnYCKHOHCnOco6HoCTH PeKH B 34MHHiJ eepHo, 6OJIbWrOM o6beM BOAbl OTBO,AHTCA B HanpaBHjeHlH

ApHaccaHiCKOHi Bna.HHbl, Haxo iu eC5s Ha TeppHTOpHH Y36eKHCTaHa. CpeUHAM Be.IHMHHa nOTepb

BOAbI 3a HOCneAHHe CceMb nIeT (c1992-93 rr. no 1998-99 rr.) cocTaBmna 3 MHmHBapaa. Ky6i4qecKHx

MeTpOB, a B 1993-94 rr. 9Ta uHpa cocTaBHjia 9.3 MHnHBap4oB Ky6Hmeciux MeTpoB. 3Ta Bo,Ia JiHJIb

noHaripacHy TepAeTCC5 H ee Heo6XojHMo BepHyTb B CHCTeMy peKH. rloao6Hasa CI4TyagHT TalOKe

ABJI,eTCSL npHqHHOii BO3HHKHOBeHHSI Hpo6neMbI 3aTofleIiHHS ApHaccaAcKoro pel-HOHa - mepe3

HeCKOJIbKO neT ymep6 OT 3aTOfIJeHII CTaHCT CyiueCTBeHHblMH.

4.6 Boubl CblpaapbH HBJI31OTCt o6beKToM HHTeHCHBHOrO H nOCTOSHHOrO noTpe6&eHHA, H

Ka)KIOe TaKOC NOTpe6neHIe BHOCHT CBOH BKjia, B HCTOIJCeHHe BOgHbIX pecypcoB peKH. KoMnneKCHOe

HcnORb3OBaHHe BOabl oco6eHHo CHIbHO oTpaxaeTcA Ha ee <(KOH4eHbIX nloTpe6HTej-Isx>»,

nPO)KHBaioWHX B paiioHe gRenbTbl. CpeIHHrl AOnrOCpOaHblii ypOBeHb noTpe6neHwI4 BO,abI, KOTOpOe B

HaH6oJibHJeH CTeneHH oTpaxcaeTCA Ha genrbe H ApanbCKOM MOpe, npegcTaBJeH B Ta6RHue 1,

rlpHBeAeHHOH HH)KC.

4.7 Ia'eCTBO B03,3yxa. KaMeCTBO Bo3,ayXa B CeCJbCKOXO35iHCTBeHHbIX paHoHax B UenJOM

xopowuee, XOTx cytijeCTByeT HeCKOJIbKO HCTOMHHKOB 3arpJq3HeHHM, KOTOpble BbI3biBa1OT cepbe3Hblenpo6JieMbI B K3b6I-Op;IHHcKoM perHoHe H Sapyrux ropo;cKHx ueH'Tpax. Cepbe3HoR npo6neMog B

3TOM perHOHe nBJIAeTCA IIJIE, H qaCTHUIbI COJIH, pacCeAHHble B BO3,VXe, KOTOpble BbIBeTPHBalOTCA C

HemauHweHnoro rpyHTa 6blBlllero MOpCKOrO aHa H pa3HOCATCq BeTPOM Ha paccToJqHHe ao 500 KM.

06iuee KoJIH'-eCTBO rpyHTa H CORH, KOTOpbie nepeHOcrTCs TaKHM o6pa3oM, npeQnonoxKHTeibHo

paBHO 15-75 MHJInIHOHOB TOH 3a roA. OTnoAKeHHe 3TOH4 COnH cqiHTaeTCs OAHOH H3 IpHqHH yxyiUieHHi

3,OPOBbA HaceJieHUB H CenbCKoxo3AHCTBeHHbFIX )KHBOTHblX perHoHa.

Table 1 - CBoiblme gaHNbie Ho CpeqHeMy CyMMapnoMy IIOTpe6JleHHo BOlbI

06em %

;1g o ~~~~~~~~~~100 6.7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~2,850 18.2

,5140 4.3

| B 81 1 131 ~~~~~~~1000 5.1

l 11 M 1,780 11.3

AgRommmmommomm" 15,900 100.0

15

3xojIorwqecicne pecypcbI

4.8 PaCTHTeJILH0CTh. PaCTHTeJIlHOCTb Yq3BHMbIX C HeaaBHerO BpeMeHH 30H ApaJlbCKOrO MOpS

nOCTeriHHO 3aMeHAeTCA CTa6HinbHbIM4 COJieyCTOAqH1Bb[MH BHgaMH paCTHTeJlbHOCTH, HaXOasqeHCs B

paBHOBCCHH C OKpyX(aioLiCeH CpegOH. CpeAu paCTHTeSJbHOrO MHpa npeo6agaboT 3aCyXOyCTOHqHBLIe

H1 coneCTOAKie TpaBbl H KyCTapHHKI. 3aMeTHa nOCTerieHHaB CMeHa OHOJleTHI4X paCTeHHH

MHoroneTHHMH, C 4bOpMHpOBaHHeM 3apocJIeH KyCTapHHKoBorO THfna. Ha 6eperax 03epa H 6eperoBbIx

3oHax, K HeMy npHJIeralo[uHx, pacroIox{e)KHbl FpoMNaHbie npoCTpaHCTBa, rge HpOH3paCTa[OT

6o.¶oTHbIe pacTeHHI. BjqoTE peKH CbipgapbH o6Hapy>KeHo 5 OCHOBHbIX paCTHTejibHbIX 4OpMaRtlH:

(i) rIyCTbIHHbie apeBOBH"HbIC KyCTapHHKH; (ii) nyCTb1HHbIC KyCTapHHKH; (iii) KYCTapHHKH

nojiynycTbiHH; (iv) ceMeHCTBa nyCThIHHoU H nHOMeHHOH pacTHTeCjbHOCTH THna TyraU; H (v)

orpaHHqeHHO pacnpoCTpaHeHHbie ogHonTeTHHe pacTeHHIs.

4.9 (PayHa. PeruOH ApanbcKoro MOpS npH3HaH MC)KayHapO9HbIM coo6LueCTBOM HpHOpHTeTHOH

30HOH coxpaHCHH5 BoRHo- 6 ojioTHbIx yrojH4. ApajbcKoe mope pacnojloKeHo Ha nepeceqeHHH

OCHOBHblIX MHrpaUHOHHbLIX MapHpyTOB c CeBepa Ha lOr rnleapKTHieCKHX nepeJieTHblX IITF4. B3TOM perHOHe CXOQATC3[ MHrpa14HOHHbliH mapipyT UeHTpaJibHaq A3HS - I4 H5AN H MapH1PYT B

BOCTOqHyio A#PHKY. 03epa eJ,abTbI H 6eperoBble JIHHH lYAOBAeTBOpqIOT 3Haq1 HTeJlbHbie

noTpe6HOCTH B KOpMe H nHHWC =A 6o0bl.loro KORHHCCTBa BOJAHbiX rITHU (yTOK, ryceui) a TaKOKC

,ApyFHX BogLor1JaBaBouHx (ne.riHKaHOB, 6ojibLuHx 6aKnaHOB, uariejnb, 3y KOB, KpaMeK, qaeK). TpH1LaTb

BHAOB nTHu 3aHeCeHO B KpacHyio KHHry. TeM He MeHee, pa3HoO6pa3He nTWIbeH 4fayHbI ApaJbcKorO

MOpA H ero OKPeCTHOCTeA WBIAeTCS ro-npe>KHeMy Bre4aTnjimoujHM.

4.10 HaHH4Has C 1960 ro,ga, B ~ayue ApalbCKOrO Mopl npOH30HJIH paaHKanbHbHe H3MeHeHHSq. JO

HacTO,qu1erO BpcMeHH TIHlUJb HeMHOrHe BHigbl nOCTOS1HHO 3aHHMaiOT HOBbliC o6HaHcHBLmHecsr nocnie

yxo.Aa BO.UbI 3eMJIH. HeKOTOpble H3 67 BHaOB MJIeKOnilTaEi0wiHX 6bluH 3aMe4CHbl B,)OJIb TC9CHHUA

Cbip,apbH (B TOM qHcJIe 30 - B paHoHe CeBepHoro ApanbcKoro MOp3i). fLeCTHaquaTb 143 HHX

3aHeCCHbl B Kpacnyio KHHry. KpoMe Toro, pa3Be,geHHe H COxpaHeHHe MHOrPUX )KHBOTHbIX 31BnlAeTCA

3KOHOMtlqeCKH H KOMMepqeCKH BbIrOfAHblM. EOYIbLIIHHCTBO BHUOB ABJbIeTCq THriHHbIMH BtigaMH ,uisi

HyCTbIHH.

4.11 Pbi6HaJ 4ayHa ceBepHoH 'iaCTH ApafibcKoro MOpI c4oppMHpoBaHa H3 qByx 3KoJiorHL4ecKH

pa3fHlHbIX rpynn pbi6: (i) KaM6anbi; H (ii) MeJIKHX BHaOB lHPCCHOBOAIHbIX pbi6, MorylLHX o6HTaTb B

COReHOI4 BO)1e, KOTOpbIe ywKe He HMe1OT KOmmepqCcKOrO 3HaLiHHS H3-3a nOBbElllleHOHO YPOBHSI

coneHOCTH. OKOnO 14 BHZaOB pbl6 6bIur 3anTyIYeHbE B ApaibcKoe Mope noc.ne TOFO, KaK YPOBeElb

coneHOCTH HaMaJi BO3paCTaTb, HO BbDKUJIH TO3TbKO rHpCeaCTaBHTeJIH KaM6aJIOBbIX. B HacTosmee BpeMSTpH BHqa pEv6 3aHeceHbl B Kpacnyio KiHIry. 03epHas CHCTeMa geTTb1i H nOrlMa peKH irpaEOTBaBKHYIO pOJIb B HepeCTe H BCKapMj1BaHUHH MHOPHX pCHHbIX H MOPCKHX BHaZOB pbI6. OjHaKo,

KOYIHqeCTBO pbi6oJiOBeLCKHX X03SA4CTB Ha 03epax yMeHL1IHJOCb nO pAiRy XOpOHUO H3BCCTHbIX npUH4H:

yBCJH'ICHH4 COJICHOCTH, HCeoCTaTxa fpHTOKa llpCCHOH BOflbl, 3aTpyjHcHHOrO aocTyna K 03cpaM H

norMe (ARns coMa), a TaKiKe H3-3a BEicEXiaHHA 03ep. 143BeCTHO, 4TO 1O nOCTpOAKH riigpocoopy)KeHHrHa CblpaapbC MHOrHC MeCTHbie BHabl pbI6 MHrpHpOBaJIH BBepX no T4CWHHIO Ha 600 KM. Ceiiqac

HepeCTOBHuAa orpaHuAeHbi Ka3antuHcKoI riH,pocucTeMoui (200 KM BBepX no TemeH410o), KpOMe Toro,

pbl6bl HCnlOJb3yIOT JIA HepecTa pa OH, Ha rpaHHue KoToporo pacnono>KeHa AKIiaKCKaA rUOTHHa Ha

paCCTOlHHH OKoJIo 30 KM OT Mops. IHoTeHrHaJIbHOe Bo3gereCTBUie npeCRaraembrx AKIaKCKHX

rHjpOCOOpy)KeHHrU TWLaTeJbHO paCCMaTpHBanOCb H YMHTbIBallOCb lIpH HX HpOcKTHpOBaHHH H

f1pHBI3Ke K MCCTHOCTH.

16

3alloBeJnbie 3oHbI

4.12 3anoBegHHKH He BXOgAT B 30HY peajiflautuu npoeKTa, EI HHKaKI4e 3anOBegHE.Ie TePpHTOPUH

BHe ee He 6ygyT nOfBep)KeHbI ero Bo3geHCTBHio. 3anoBegHHuK B;apca-KejiMec pacrioiioKeH Ha toro-

3anag OT YCTbM CblpqapbH, [O)KHee AaM6bl, KOTOPYLO npegroaiaraereq IlOCTpO14Tb B npOJnuBse Bepra, ii,

cnegoBaTeJTbHO, BblrIOJ1HeHH1u npoeKTa HHKaK He nOBJIHSeT Ha ero TeppHTOpHu. 3anOBeAHuK BJIqSeTCS1

MeCTOM o6MHTaHu BbLMHlpaiou[Hx BU,gOB a3HaTcKorO 4HKOFO ocnia H1 3o6acToH ra3eji. 3Tm

3afIOBseHbIC 3eMjHH HaXOgsTCsi noA yrpo3oH YHHMTo>KieHHq H3-3a rIOH3HBL3IerocI )ypOBHI BOElbl H

nOBblLuneHHOI coneHOCT4 BonbIiuoro ApaJIbCKoro MOpsl. KpoMe TOro, cyueCTByeT HSTTb OXOTHHUIb4X

yrogUHf, Hio, K coKaJieHHMO, HH4opMau4m 0 COCTOAHHH AHKUX )KHBOTHb[X B 3THX 3anOBegHHKaX Ha

cerOgHALllHHH geHb KpauHe cKyqHa. 3TH YrOAbA pacnolo*KeHbl B nOHMe H AenbTe Cblpgapbw. Bce3anOBegHHKH, KpoMe OAHoro, pacHojio)KeHbL BHH3 nO TeeCHHEO OT K3brn-Opgbl, OaHH H3 HHX

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LtABwJLH3a14HH. HaqHHaS C [IATOYO CTOJ]eT4A, B AOJIHHe PeKH CbipAapbH B03HHfKJIH MeJIOBeHeCKHe

noceneHiLA - CeJTbCKOXO3AhcTBeHHbl of6tzHuHbi. OrpoMHbie npocTpaHCTBa BAOJ]b CbipAapi,H,

I4HKagapbH (B HacToAIee BpeMA ABjsieTCS BblcOximieH), )KaHagapbH (B HacToALiee BpeMA ABYSAeTCS

BblcOXuieH) H KyBaHwaapbi1 OpOLuaJIHCb. Ciiegbi 3TUX UHBHJIH3aUHH H BO3BeMeHHLIX HMH

mppIrai4HOHHbTX CHCTeM MO)CHO go cHx nop o6HapyXMTb B tO)KHOH 4aCTH Tepp4TCOpHH, rge 6ygeT

peanH3OBaH npoeKT.

4.14 06iee Koj1HqcCTBo Hace.BeHHA, npo,%uBaioiuero BOKpyfr CeBepHoro ApanbcKoro Aiop3,xgOcTHraeT npH6nH3HTeJIbHO 150-200 TbicAI menoBeK. CTpyKrypa rioceJIeHlHu H3MeHsAeTC3 OT

gepeBeHb B HeCKOJbKO gOMOB go ropogoB HOBoKa3aJHHCK, ApajmcK H K3mi-Opga. KonwiecTBo

HaceneiCHsA 06bUIHO oTjiH'aeTcM cTa6HnbHOcTblo, a YPOBCHb pox(gaeMoc-r COCTaBJIlIeT

26 HOBOpo>KgeHHbIX Ha 1000 LleJIOBeK HaceiieHHS4, ITO HeMHOFO npeBEiwiaeT CpegHHEA HauHOHaibHJlrH

ypOBeHb, paBHbIri 24 HOBOPO)KgeHHbIM (gaHHble 3a 1995 roq). B 1970 rogy B CB33H C yxyAmeHHeM

COCTO5HHA oKpyKaIoigei Cpe,Abi Ha'aJI ycHJmBaTbSC MmrpaJ4oHHbIl npogecc U3 perHoHa,

gOCTHrUHii cBoero HIMK B 1975-1985 rr. YpoBeHb rpaMOTHOCTH MeCTHOFO HaceCJeHHA BbICOK, TaK

KaK 6

OJmblUHHcTBO geTee 3aKaHqMBaeT HaMaJEbHYIO lHKoJly. 1Bonee 80% ceMerl iMefOT 6ojiee o0Hor0

HCTO-IHHHKa gOXOgOB. 3HawHTenbHas -acTb pa6oHero BpeMeHH LIOCBAUixaeTcS CeJIbCKOXO3IrCTBeHHOH

eACTenlbHOCTH (X4BOTHOBOACTBy, Bb1paMU4BaHHIO OBOMCI, 3arOTOBKe gpOB), HCKOTOpbIe BKgbl

KOTOpOH o6ecnemHBaLor gOnOnHHTejTbHbli, goxog. CpeaHerogoAoBH goxog ceMbH no gaHHb1M 1997roga COCTaBHJI oKojio 920 go:mapoB CIIUA HAH Ha aymy Hace.neHH1 - oKo.ro 178 gonIapoB CIMA.

4.15 Boga gims 6blToBbix Hy nogjaeTcA HecKOnJbKMHml croco6aMH. B HaH6oaee KpynHbLx

ropogax OKOjio 30-35% noTpe6uTeneU noniyialoT BOgy 13 BogonpOBoga, a B Ka3aI4HCKe 14 6oJ0ee

MeRKHX ropogax coopy)KeHbI HCTOHHURH BoAocHa6NceHHs1 Ha yjiHUax. paKe BOaoripoBOgHaA BOga He

MOKCeT CqHTaThCA <(4HCTOH)>, TaK KaK XJIOp14pOBaHHe BO0bE oKa3ajiOCb He3ReKT14BHbIM B CBS3H C

BblCOKHM YpOBHeM cogepRaHHA 6aKTepHfi coliform H paCTBOpelIHbIX MimHepaiMHLIX ripHMeceH.

17

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HHKeC, qem cpeaHHiii YPOBeHb no CTpaHe, a 3a riocnieqHHe 30 JneT 3TOT ioKa3aTerib CHH3HjTcq ewe

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cojep)KaHwq HHTPaTOB B HeoMHr1eHHbrX BoRax peK H KaHaJOB, KOTOpblMH riojTh3yfOTCA 17%HaCeJIeHH4. YCTaHOBJIeHO, HTO HHTpaTbl, KOTOpble 5BJI31OTCS OCTaTKaMH yTo6peHHH, HCflOAb3yeMbiX

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H HegoCTaToMHO cHa6)KatoTcn OCHOBHbIMU BHtjaMH MeYHKaMeHToB.

4.17 06wasi nJIonaAb TeppHTOpHH 6acceHiHa CbtpgapbH B npegeniax K3blJI-OpAHCKOA H IOXKHO-

Ka3axcTaHcKOr4 o6nacTeri COCTaBJIseT 27.7 MYTH. ra. OKono 60% 3TOH nfoLuagH (15,7 MJTH. ra) 3aHSTTO

ceJuLcKoXo3AHCTBeHHbLMH nioTLaYTAMH, OCTaJIbHaS MacTb - 3TO HeKyJTbTHBHpyeMaS TeppHTOpUM,

naCTb KOTOpOH HcnojTb3yeTC1 AJIlM HyXgA 3KCTCHCHBHOFO KHBOTHOBOACTBa. Bonbmaq MacTb 3THX

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HH3KOH rpOAYKTHBHOCTbEO. OpoiaeMble TeppHTopHH, KOTOphle OXBaTbTBaToTCS IlpoeKToM,

cocTaBJnASOT no O¢4utHamJbHOH CTaTHCTHKe 370 000 ra (2.3%) H HCnOJTb3ylOTCA Rjjq BblpaWHBaHHA

pHca, nfeH4Ubl H KyKypy3bl. B jaHHOM cjiyqae o6hIqHo HCHOnlb3yeTCSI KpynHoMacmTa6HbHd

MexaHHHeCKHU THrn BegeHHH CenIbCKoro Xo3AHcTBa C nOMOHUblO OPOWCHHA H KYJTbTHBanUH 3eMe.Tb B

cpaBHHTenEbHO 6onIwuHx 6acceuHax (2 ra). TaK KaK KpynHoMacLLITa6Hoe MexaHH3MpOBaHHOe BeeeH4e

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npoeKTa COCTaBjiqeT npH6YnH3HTeJIbHo 250 000 ra.

4.18 HepBble qeJIoBeCKHe noceneHH5I Ha TePPHTOPHH Ka3axcTaHa HOABHJIHCb OKOJIO MHnJInHOHa

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H paHHeM nepHoEie MKenJe3HorO BeKOB, HMmenH AOCTaTO'iHO BbTCOKOpa3BHTytO KynbTypy. Ha4YaTeHbI

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Ka4ecTBe TOprOBblx nyTed MeCXy CTpaHaMH 4LaJIbHero BocToKa H CTpaHaMH CpeR.i3eMHoMopbAI.

18

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HCTOpHH HeJoBe'ecKxf IIHBHJH3aLIHH. OH coejiHHAsn CTpaHbl Cpe4H3eMHoMopcKoro no6epe)Kba, B

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TeppHTopH,H rge 6yneT peaJH3OBaH npoeKT.

S B03,lJEICTBHE HA OKPYECAIOIIIYO CPEW;Y

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pernoHa (cBoxHi6ie gaHbie ripHBeUeHbl B flpHnoxKeHMH 1).

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19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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3OHbl genjbTTl H CeBepHoro ApawmcKoro Mopi, Cnoco6CTByA, TaKHM o6pa3oM, nonOJIHeHHio BOJaOr

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a TaK)we co3,qaHKe KOHCynbTaUHOHHOri rpynnbi nO KOHTPOJ71O 3a CHTyaulert B 6acceHHe 6yneT

cnOC06CTBOBaTb YBeJH4qeHHIO 3J4eKTHBHOCTH opoLiueHHA npHMePHO go 40% H nO3BOJIHT

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COOTBeTCTByIOIleri gpeHaRHOi CHCTeMbi C geTibEO yKpennieHHn CeYIbCKOX03Ar4CTBeHHOFO

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26

* Pbl6Hblfi npoMblce.: HpenrTonaraeTc31, 'TO BOCCTaHOBYICHHe COOpy)KeHHH AHTeKCKOU H

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5.17 'ITO KacaeTcs KyJTbTypHorO HacjiejHs H MeCT apxeonorHHecKHx pacKoHOK, TO HaH6oJiee

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5.18 B03aeiCTBHe Ha ApHaccaiiccy[o BnalHHy. ApHaccarlCKas BnaaHHa, pacniono)KeIHas Ha

TePPHTOPHH Y36eKHcTaHa, HCTopH'-eCKH HCrORb3OBanacb Jpml pa3weMeHHM gpeHawKHoHf BO,RE1 C

opomuaeMbIx 3eMeCJb. Bo BpCMA 3KCTpCMaJIlbHbiX iaBOaKOBbIX llepU40OB H361bTOK BORbl U13

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3a TOrO, RTO 4YHKLAKOHHpOBaHHe paCHlOJIOKeHHbIX BblWe BOqOXpaHHJIH141, B 'IaCTHOCTH,

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5.19 )IganbHeiTwee H3yqeHHe Bonpoca, Kacaiouterocs npo6nIeM ApHaccarlcKOA BriaqHHbl,

OCYMeCTBnAeTCA B pamKax IlpoeKTa TIpHPOZIOOXPaHHOFO ynpaBneHHA H yllpaB.ICHIIA BO3LHbIMH

pecypcamH npH noaqep)KKe rlporpamMbI rno6ajnHor4 3aHMHTbl oKpyxKaiomei Cpe,bI.

Ocyu4ecTB.SeTcSA rOArOTOBKa permOHa.IbHIl6X H HaBIHOHaAJbHbX BOAHbIX H COJIeBb1X 6anaHcOB,

27

rIO3BonJIAOUAHX rocYvapCTBaM 6acceCHa KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb BblO:]HeHHe coJIawIeHHl 0 COBMeCTHOM

HCnOJb3OBaHHV BOaHbMX peCypcoB. BJiMHHe ripoeKTa Ha ApHaccaccKyIo Bria;HHY 6yjeT

OTCTe)KHBaTbCA Ha WTane ero BHeApeHHA.

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npOCKTa He MOFYT HeriOCpeCTBeHHO BOCUpHHHMaTbCSI KaK CpejUCTBa JsI5 CHH)KeHHA yPOBHA

6e,HocTu HaceJieHH4, HO OHMi HrpaiOT CyiiAeCTBeHHYIO POfIb B yAy'-LIeHHH 3KOHOMH'-IeCKOrO pa3BHTH4

perHoHa, HTO MOXKOT npHHCCTH rioJTb3y 6eaHoR HaCTH HaCeAeHHMA. 0,HaKO 3TH HQCU MOFyT 6bITb

HOLHOCTbMO peaJLH3OBaHbl TOJIbKO ipu cOBMeCTHOM ocy[ieCTBJl0eHI4S qpyrHx lpOeKTOB pa3BHTHM

(HanpHMep, YIporpaMMbJ ryMaHHTapHoH riOMOIUH perHoHy ApajbCKoro MOpA, rHMaHCHpyeMOH

UNDP/WB), LeWjbJO KOTOpbIX 5BJIAeTCA yJLy-ImIeHHe YCJIOB14i4 >KH3Hm 6eAHoii qaCTH HaceJeHIUI,

ycoBepwLeHCTBOBaHHe CHCTeMbl 3XgpaBooxpaHeHlHH H o6pa3OBaHHsl, o6ecne'eHHe aocTyna K

HCTOMHHKaM 3ReKTpO3HepEHI H U IHCTOA fl4TbeBOI BORbl, Hun opraH43aLUHS MePOHRW1T1TH4 Ho

o6yqleHHEO cneuHaAHCTOB.

5.21 M4TO6bi O"eHHTb BO39eHCTBHe npoeKTa Ha COULHaJTbHyO H 3KOHOMHwecKyIO HH4pacTpyKTypy,

Heo6xoDHMo r1POBeCTH BCeCTOpOHHee H3y'eHHe 6a3oBbIX YCJIOBHH H pa3pa6oTaTb COOTBeTCTBY1OWHe

nOKa3aTeJrn npex(Oe, tleM HaqaTb ocyLueCTBJIeHHe ripoeKTa; HeO6xOgHMO TaKOKe OTCjie)Ki4BaTb HX Ha

HpOTADKeHHH A.HTeJIbHOrO riepHOOa BpeMeHH, HaripHMep, aeCATH JIeT, TaK KaK 3TH COULHa1iLHO -

3KOHOMIMeCKme Bb1rO0b1 He MOFYT HpOaBRTbCA cpa3y nocJe 3aBepmLeHI45 npoeKTa. Kpome Toro,

HeO6XOaHMO y'eCTb, "ITO TaKOe PlfHTCJlbHOe H3ymeHHe MO)KeT B AaJIbHeIHueM OCjiO>KHHTbCq

OOaHOBpeMeHHbIM ZBJICHHeM MHO)KCCTBa co6blTHfi, He HMol0IuHX HHKaKOrO OTHO1IIeHUR K npOCKTy,LITO CO30aCT CYL1eCTBeHHble TPYAHOCTH ti AeTKOFO o6bscHeHHM ipH4aCTHOCTH K HpOeKTY.y Ito6blx

HOcJICCTBH9 (nono)KHTCebHbIx H11H OTpHULaTCJIbHbIx). ARAi 3TOH Lue0fH noTpe6yWOTCl CYLUOCTBeHHbIC

peCypCbl (B goriOJiHeHHe K Tpe6oBaHHi4M HO BHeCpeHC4tO fIpOrpaMMbi MOHMTOPHHra OKpy,KalOMde

cpeoabI).

6 AHAJHII3 AJILTEPHATHIBHbIX UPEj,JIOACEHIH

6.1 B COOTBeTCTBHH C npoieypaMH, npeCycMOTPeHHbIMH MHpOBbtM 6aHKoM, 6bEJm 143y'4eHbi

aOJbTepHaTHBbI ripeoiaraemomy rpoeKTy, B TOM MHcne abTepHaTHBa "npoeKT He BbIroIjiRHeTCI",

cTpaTerw4ecMie anbTepHaTHBbI H TeXHH14OeCKHe aBbTepHaTHBbI OJnA KOHKPCTHblIX CTPOITeOjbHbIX

nJoLUa,IOK. H13y4eHHe yKa3aHHhIX BapaHHTOB 6a3HpOBaJOCb Ha 0eTaJbHOM aHaAH3e KOHKpeTHOFO

MeCTa BbInOJIHeHHA npoeKTa, a TaKoKe HCXOZUA H3 aKTHBHbIX KOHCynbTaLUHH C npe,0CTaBHTeJTAMH

MeCTHb[x opraHOB - yMaCTHHKOB npoeKTa.

6.2 L enbio npej,iaraemoro npoeKTa ABJIeTCSl qocTHtKeHHe rapaHTPOBaHHOrO npiToKa B

CeBepHoe ApaJmcKoe Mope 3 MJIH.M' BOOAbE B rI-O, ITO, rio MHeHHIO CneLeHaAu4CTOB, SBJsi3eTCq

CytueCTBeHHb1M mLarOM B ripaBHJIbHOM HanpaBJieHl4H, YMHTbIBaA OTCYTCTBHe .R"lymero

aJbTepHaTHBHOrO npe,xJo)KeHHM. B cuyqae, OCCIH 3TOT HpoeKT He 6ygeT npHHHRT, npeg0iTonaraeTcx,

HTO YPOBeHb CBo600HOH nlOBepXHOCTH BOObl B CeBepHoro ApanbcKOrO MOpA 6yaeT noHH)KaTbCR

aalluue, TaK KaK HPHTOK BOObI 143 PeK He cMo)KeT KoMieHCHPOBaTb ypoBeHb HcrapeHHA1. qTOKacaeTcA BOJmbLioro ApaibCKOrO MOpA, YPOBeHL CBo60a0HoH lOBepXHOCTH BOOLi 6ygeT TaK>KenpOROnTKaTT noHHMKaTbcq, a KaxieCTBo ee BOjbi

6yOeT yXygJ1aTbCA.

6.3 A.ibTepnaTHBa "llpOeKT He BbnoluoHaeTcH". B cjiy'ae, ecnim npOCKT He 6yaeT pea:ii3oBaH,

npe,HOJIaraeTCA, 4TO YPOBeHb CBo600HOH riOBepXHOCTH BObl B CeBepHOH MaCTH AparlbCKOrO MOpR

6ygeT rIOHH>KaTbCA gaAnble, TaK KaK llpHTOK BO36 143 peK He CMo>KeT KOMneHtHCpoBaTb ypOBCHb

28

HcnapeHHA. 3TO MO>KeT CTaTb HpH'HHoii pa3geneHHm CeBepHoro ApaxlbCKoro MCpH Ha qeTbipepa3jenIbHbie 03epa. 4To KaCaCTCA bonbmIoro ApalibcKoro MOpH1, YPOBCHb CBO6ogHOA riOBepXHOCTU

BOgbI 6yaeT npoxojixaTl noHiiDKaTbCe, a KaIeCTBo ee B02b1 6yReT yxygwaTbcA - CM. Ta6JiHUy 2.

Ta6Hnua 2 - Bo3geficTBHe Ha oicpywaiomyio cpeqy, cayqall: "HpoexT He Bl6HlOJIHsieTCS"

TeppHTopHH lHoJIWKcHTeJl6Hoe OTpNuaTenibHoe Bo3AefcTBNe

PeaJIH3a3un npoelCTa B03,WHCTBue

Eonibmuoe ApaJbcKoe lIpHocTaHoBKa ripHTOKa BObl H3 NAS.mope (LAS) TganbHerLuee yxyaiuieHHe KaqeCTBa

BOgbl.

CeBepHoe ApajbcKoe Pa3aeneH4e NAS Ha meTbhipe oT,aeSbHbIX

Mope (NAS) 03epa.

yXYgMeHHe KaqeCTBa BOg,bT U

COnYTCTBYIO111e 3TOMy BJUIHiHHe Ha

pbi6Hble npOMblCJTbl. L43MeEeHHe

YPOBHA MOpH, npeHIATCTBytoluee

Co3gaHHIO RHHpaCTpyKTypbl, pbI6aqbHX

_noceneHHi4 H 30H TypH3Ma.

enJIbTa CbipgapbH H ElepeCblxaHHe 03ep B I,J]b]he,H

enj6bTOB6le 03epa COryTCTByIOu.e 3TOMY BnIHqHHC Ha

pbi6Hble npOMhICJ]bl. Pa3pyuieHHe

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3pO3HH pycnia H 6eperoB BBepx no

TeCeHHEo pCKH.

BacceiHH CbIpqapbH Pa3pymiieHHe AiHTeKCKOH BOaOCJIHBHOA

Mex(Ay OHJITHHbI, OCTaHOBKa rioAaqH BO,bL Ha

'-Iap,aapHHCKuiM 40000 ra opouamae.Ix 3CMeflb, nacT6ilU

BogoxpaHUnni,em H H 03ep. 3aTonneHHe H nepenonHeHtie

NAS 6eperoB peK B JAO)XK,IHBhle rO,ml,

noTeps BOgblini noTpe6Hrreien,

__KHBYVU,HX B HH3OBbC peKH.

ApHaccauicKasi ,laRbHediL4ee NcnonJb30BaHme npoqrofKeHHe c6poca 136hITOqHbIX BO,

BnaAHHa ApHaccaHCK0ol Bna.aHHbI B 143 4apaapHHcKoro BOaOXPaHHflmiua B

KaqeCTBe 3OHbl OTJgblXa, ApHaccaf4cKylo BnagHHy, HeCMOTPH Ha

pbi6OJIOBCTBa H UpHpO)gHOrO Tpe6oBaHIH rIpaBHTejibcTBa

3anoBegHHKa BCJIeACTBHe Y36eKHcTaHa, BbI BHraeMbHe H3-3a

nep4oHo4qeCKoro c6poca BObhI 'iaCTMX HaBOgHeHI4i H pa3pyUleHHH.

BO BlazIHHy, Bbl3BaHHOFO

npo6JieMaMH4 BOAOYIpaBjiCH14 _

BapHaHTbi cxeM npoeKcTa

6.4 CxeMhi npoeICTa jasi NAS. B paMKax reHepanibHOri CXCMbl pa3BHTHSI, 6liJiH tpCefnPHHT6Tb1

3HaMHTeJTbHble yCHi4HA AUi% paceCCMoTpeHHs! aSJbTepHaTHBHBIX CTpaTeri-4r ARA CeBepHoro ApanbCKoro

MOpH, B TOM 'HCJie: (i) aJIbTepHaTHBHbie BapHaHTbi nOCTpOrlKH aaM6bl CepeC3 npOnIIIB bepra ripH

MaKCHManbHoM riogbeMe YPOBH31 BOAb1 B B NAS c 41 M go 47 M Hag YPOBHeM MopH!; (ii) B cjiyqae

HH3Koro ypOBH1A CBo6OXHOrH nOBepxHOCTH BOgbl B NAS - nocTpoeHne CHCTCMbl KaHaJIOB,

29

COC,aHHB1OIUlX OCIOBiible BOQHlbie o6IbeKTbI BHYTpH CeBepHoro ApanbCKoro MOpST, - O2AHaKO TaKoM

HyTb 6bIn npH3HaH CnHUIWKOM 3aTpaTHbIM, He HO3BOSEIOJIHM HpH 3TOM OCyWgeCTBJSITb HOpMaJIEHOe

nepeMeLuiBaHHe c ripeCHblMH BoQaaMH CblpqapbH, npHHceCHHbIMH B Mope; H (iii) ocyMeCTBJIeHHC

rOCTaBKH BO,qbl B nOpT ApanicKa c nOMOolb,O KaHaiia HnH HOCTpOiK1H BTOpOH flTIOTHHbl B NAS.BapHaHTbl pa6oT (i) H (ii) He COOTBeTCTBOBaJlH npHpo,ooXpaHHbIM YCJIOBIIAM uHJnI oKa3aJuHCb

CJIHLUKOM aOpOrHMH.

6.5 PaC-eTHbIe YPOBHH IIOBCPXHOCTH BOahl aasi NAS. MaKCHMaabHbli HOpMafIbHbIH ypoBeHbBOQbl B CeBePHOM ApaJlbCKOM Mope 42 MeTpa Hag ypOBHeM MOPI ABJI5IeTCA HaH.jiyMluHM peWCeHHeM C

TO4KH 3pCHH[ 3aTPaT Ha CTpOHTeJTIECTBO, 3KoHoMHqeCKoro 34xeKTa H HaJIH4qH BObI B 6niuKafimHeM

6y,qyTmeM. HanpHMep, BapHaHTl6 MaKCHMajibHOrO YPOBHA C rpeBEJTlTeHHem OTMeTKH B 42 MeTpa,

ABJIASOTCS qpe3BbialrHoH 3aTpaTHbIMH (3aTpaTb1 Ha CTpoHTeJIbCTBO, Heo6XORHMbIe ARAT noggep)KaHKA

YPOBHA BOJbl B NAS Ha OTMeTKe 43 MCTpa BTpoe BbITC 3aTpaT, Heo6xoaHMblX aJI noZL.Ucp>KaHHKI

YPOBHA Ha OTMeTKe 42 meTpa Hag YPOBHeM MOpB) HpuI HecyLUeCTBeHHOH 3KOHOMHqeCKOH Bbiroje,

TaK KaK noTepH BORbl H3-3a HcFiapeHHS H 3aCoJIleHHOCTh CBeqyYT Ha HeT BbTF0r,bl, HIOjyTleHHbie OT

RoBbILmeUHsl YPOBHA BO,jbl B OTKpblITOM nIpocTpaHCTBe. lIoDAep)KaHHe YPOBHI BOAbl B NAS Ha

oTMeTKe. npeBbuiaioweiu 42 MeTpa, TaKAoe Tpe6yeT noqaasu AononH1TenbHoro KOJIHLeCTBa BO,bl

iymTCM nOBblIHCHHII 344CeKTHBHOCTH CHCTeMbl OpOWeHHAH, xiTO, B CBOIO oLiepeab, rioTpe6yeTOrpOMHblX HHBeCTH14HH, rocTyrineHHe KOTOpblIX B 6.THKaAiieM 6y,yLueM He npeqBH,iHTC5i. rIpH

MaKcHMaTbHoM YPOBHe BOJbi HIH(e OTMeTKii 42 MeTpOB CymeCTByeT onaCHOCTb, HTO CeBepHOe

ApaJIbCKOe Mope nepecTaHeT cyiIeCTBOBaTb KaK eJIHHblH BO1,HblrP o6beKT B iepHObl MamnOBOJ<bLS, H

HO3TOMy ,aHHbl BapHaHT 6bu1 OTBeprHyT.

6.6 IL1oTHHa B NAS. B aJIbTepHaTHBHbIX BapHaHTaX nhOT11HHl Hepe3 ripOJIHB Bepra B OCHOBHOM

pacCMaTPHBaJIOCb yKpenrUeHHe yxKe CYLIICCTBYOLOIHX CoOpy)KeHHH. Ha Bbl6op maTepHana HOBJImHAi HTOT 4IaKT, 'ITO KaMeHb H rpaBHH B gaHHoH MeCTHOCTH OTCyTCTByToT. EbiiH paccMOTpeHbLi cnieRyioLHe

TPH BapHaHTa:

- HacblnHaA gaM6a C oT:ioroH HarOPHOH CTOPOHOH (cooTHomLeHHe 1:45), H3 MeJIKo3epHHCToro

necCKa, KOTOpblH o6blBaeTC31 Ha MCCTC. TaKOiH nOaXOa He Tpe6yeT 3aiuHTbl HanOpHOH rpaHH

nROTHHbl.

- HacblnHaA AaM6a i13 MeCTHoro necKa C HOKaTbiM BepXOBbIM OTKOCOM (COOTHoiueHHe 1:10),

KOTOpaA 3aiHLuneHa MejiKHM H30ISTIUHOHHblIM MaTepHaJIoM .

* HacbinHasq aM6a H3 MeCTHOrO necKa C noKaTLIM BePXOBbIM OTKOCOM (cooTHoTleHHe 1:5),

KOTOpaS 3awmweHa MenJKHM H30JISIUHOHHMlM MaTepHBaOM

6.7 CTOE4MOCTb JLiJOTHHbl C OTJIOFOrI HarOpHOH CTOpOHOH cyul1eCTBeHHO HH>Ke, qeM ,L,Ba .apyrux

BapHaHTa. BTopaq anbTepHaTHBa (1:10) 6o0nee -eM B ieTblpe pa3a gopowe,e 4eM repBas, a TpeTb6q

(1:5) gopowKe nepBoH nOqTH B TpH pa3a. [IpH CpaBHeHH1H 3KO.OrHl4ecKHX xapaTepBCHCTHK Tpex

aJTbTepHaTHB, BaptaHT C oTItorOH HarapHOH CTOPOHOH4 npeanaraeT HaHjiILHIyIO B03MO)KHOCTb

pa3BUTHS )KH3HecrioCo6HoH npH6peKHOH 3KOnorH'l4eCKOH CHCTeMli. )ELIJIH H3yqeHbl HeTbipe npoeKTaBoJqoc6poCa, BKR.O0MaA CHCTeMbI C peryJIHpyeMbIM H HepelYJIHPYeMbIM BOAOCJIHBOM, a TaK>Ke

CHCTeMbli C perynHpyemblmH LUJJtO3aMH. Bbli6op COOpy)KeHHSI H3 BOCbMH CeKUHH C KOHTpOJ1HpyeMblMH

WJIE03aMH 6bm o6ycnOBneH HeO6xoaHMOCTbIO KOHTpOJYHpOBaHHA CTOKa, yteTa 3aHJtIBaHMA H

o6ecrle4eHH9 3KCIIJIyaTagHH TjaM6bl B 3HMHee BpeMs. KpOMe TOro, y'IHTbIB&IaCb H CyMMa 3aTpaT,

Heo6xoqHMbIX Ha OCyweCTBYeiHHe ipoeKTa.

6.8 YBemiHqeHHe npOnyCKHOh cnoco6HOCTH peqHoro nloTolca. MTo6bLI ynjy HTb ripolTycKHVIO

CnOCo6HOCTb peKU, 6bIJTH llpOBCeeHbI HCcIegOBaHHM ee pycnTa. MeponpHsTUIA, npelycmoTpCHHble B

ipOeeKTe, HOrTpe6ytOT MHHHMalbHblIX HHBeCTHUHH ta ycTpaHeHHe OCHOBHblIX y3KHX MeCT H

30

ynyHWeHHe HOTOKOB no HanpaBfJIHHEO K NAS, K AeJIbTe, opomlaeMbiM o6nacTAM, naCT6HiaM m H

03epHbtM cHCTeMaM. TaKHe MepOHIpHXTHS BKnlOqa3OT B ceGn nepecTpoi!Ky AKJIaKCKHX H AiTeKCKHX

rHApocoopy)KeHHH; BoOcTaHOBJIeHHe K3bn-Op cHHcKoii H Ka3anHHCKOI nnOTHH; coopyWeHHe

HacbireH BAOJb KpHTHqeCKHX yRaCTKOB peKH, KOTOpIle nO3BO.MT yBeiiHmHTbE, npOI yCKHylo

CnOC06HOCTb peKH 6e3 3aTonJIeHH$ HpOMbiiHJJeHHbIX 30H H CeJIbCKOX03XHCTBeHHbiX nIoceCJeHHH; H

peKOHCTpyKUHI0 BOgOrIOgaoMiHX CHCTeM (BoA03a6opHbLe H n0OqBOHble KaHaJlbl) gnA 03ep B AeJbTe.

6.9 AiiTeKCKHiC rHApOCOOpyx(eHIIsl. ARx yBeiuqeHHas rIO4BOuHOH MoH4HOcrH AiTeCKCKfx

coopyceHHmi paCCMaTpHBaIiHCL JBa OCHOBHbIX BapHaHTa: (i) yaanieHHe CyIIIeCTByIOeieH AiTeKCKOIi

fIJOT1Hbl H3 pyciia peKH H Bo3BpalUeHHe, TaKHM o6pa3oM, K 0CTeCTBCHHOMY peCKHiMy cBo6oAHoro

TceqHHM peKH; nOCTpOCHHe COegHHHTeJlbHOrO KaHaJia OT K3bln-OpwHHCKOi nJIOTHHLI 0Jo opomaeMbIX

TeppHTOpHP noa ynpaBneHHCM CyMeCTBYIOUiHX AHITCKCKHX B0Ao3a6opOB; H (ii) CTpOHTejibCTBO

HOBbIX coopyx(eHHi Ha 3TOM >xe MecTe. BTOPOH BapaHHT oKa3aacA 6onee 3KOHOMHHHbIM H MeHee

pa3pyWHHTeJlbHO BJIHSIOILWHM Ha ce.JbCKOX03SIHCTBeHHyIO JC3ITCJTbHOCTb B perHOHe. 4115 Hero 6bEu1paCCMOTpeHbLI HeTbIpe TeXHH'eCKIIX BapHaHTa, HpH6JLH3HTenbHO OAUHaKOBbIe C 3KOJIoH'leCKOH

TOMKH 3peHHs. HaH6onee BbWrOaHblH C 9KOHOMHiecKOH TOHKH 3peHHBf BapHaHT 6bmn BbI6paH xuni

BHeJIpeHHA.

6.10 FHapocoopyceiui n JjJabTC. [IpH pa3pa6oTKe npoeKTa 6bm11H paccMOTpeHbl TpH

aJIbTepHaTHBE pa3MelCHHJ rOJIOBHbIX rMApOCoopy>KeHHi B AenbTe CupxapbH H

pacnpeJeJIHTenbHo CCTH BoaOCHa6)KOHHA jAu 03ep, HacT6HW H IpHpOAHbIX KOMruneKCOB. C

3KOnOrHHeCKOH TOqIKH 3peHHH TpH BapHaHTa He HMelOT CyWeCTBeHHbIX pa3JIH4HH, TaK KaK OHH

npeanonaraloT B03MO)KHOCTb YCOBCPWCHCTBOBaTb nolatly BOThbl B 03epa, KOTOpble CJISYKaT ARA

paBegeHHM pwi6bl, a TaK>Ke gnx Hyx)A ripHpOgHbIX 30H 1H nacT6HL KoHCyJIbTaHT BbI6paJ BapliaHT,

KOTOpbflH BKCIIoMaeT B ce6A CTpOHTejibCTBO HOBLIX rHfpocoopyAceHnlii B AKinaKe H PariMe c OTBOaOM

BOJbI JrT HywL nacT6Hl, 03ep H HP1HPOJHbIX 30H. OzHaKo CTpOHTJeTbCTBO B PaiiMe 6brno

nepeHeceHo Ha 6o0nee HO3flHHIl Tan.

6.11 Aicixaxcicoe BimLIyC1CHOe coopylCeHue. 3aBepmuena OKOHT IaTefbHax pa3pa6oTKa npoeKTa

AKaKcacKoro HJapocoopyxeHHA H BlI6op MecTa ero pacfOlTI0N)KHHS B feJbTe, ne npensrcrnytowero

MHrpatHH AOHHbIX pbI6 Ha HepecTfmHIua. B oueHKe ERM/UK B OTHOUJeHHI- pbl6OBOACTBa

paccmaTpnnBaJICs cny'qar "c AllaicoM" H "6e AKnaKa". IlOCneJRHHI BapHaHT MBl He paccMaTpHBaeNr,

T.K. AKiiaKcKHe rHgpocoopyaceHHu IIO3BOJIASOT OCTaHOBHTb 3pO3HfO pycnia peKH. BKntoneHHe B

pa6oqHg npoeKT cnei1HaBJbHbIX Coopy)KeHHH, flO3BOJISHOtUHX He ripellUTCTBOBaTb MHrpaLIHH pbl6 -

H1erpeMeHHoe yCJIOBHC 3KOHOMH1'eCKOHK MH3HeCnoco6HOcTH npoeKTa.

7 HJIAH 1IPIPO0o0XPAJFOFO YIPABJIEIS

HpnpopoooxpaHulo6e Mepmb

7.1 Bonbimau qacTb nOTeHLUHanbHbIX OTpHUaTeJbHbHIX acKTopOB Bo3geicTBHS Mo0KeT 6ElTb B

3Ha'qHTeJT6HOII cTeneHH CMArqeHa c nOMOWMbO COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHX MepOnpHSTHJI. HHOe npHBOAHTCA

nepe'eIHb OCHOBHbIX BHaOB BO3JaeriCTBHA Ha oKpy)KBaoWIYO cpeay, a TaKxxe npegnaraembux

ipeBeHTHBHblIX Mep H mep no CMA1F4eHHIO BO34eiiCTBHA npoeKTa Ha oKpyXcaiouylI opeqy.

OcyLUecTBneHHe 3THX MepOnpHMTHi Tpe6yeT OT CTpOHTeJlbHbIX IOJIpAUIMHKOB cTpororo Co6IIOioeHHA

3aKOHOB H HOpM no oxpaHe oKpy)KaioLuei Cpe,abI, pa3pa6oTaHHbLX HpaBHTenJ1CTBoM Ka3aXcTaHa, H

3KOJIOrHMeCKHX npoujeflyp, pa3pa6oTaHHubx MHpOBbIM 6aiiKoM. EcJH 3TH nF,H1IUWHnbl 6yayT

BbIlOJIHSTbCLC, Bo3JIeHcTBHe ipoeKTa Ha oKpywa)ou0lyo cpegy 6yfeT MHHMmaibHbLIM. fo3TOMy

31

3KCfnepT nO HH)KeHepHbIM pa6OTaM o6z3aH BKJ1IOq'MTb B KOHTpaKTHble JOKYMeHTbI O6wnpHbll

riepeqeHb MepOrIpHATHi no oxpaHe OKpy)KaIOwerH Cpelbi.

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32

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33

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34

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37

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38

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ARCADIS EUROCONSULTBeaulieustraat 22

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