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W F Qp!z[�] L�FKG R^\>R F Q V�L ] � F R G R F�� FYL ��FYB 2 F QJ[ GJV Q FYLyZ�TtFHD^O � F Qo[ V�� W FYL � D [�\>\SRA\ O � FHL �t�)[�QJ[ � 0GJF Q/W F Q I FYO � L�V�L ] IYV Q �V�O�� IYV�� �V ��Q FHL R^\ G ? � F R GJF Q>��R L��)L W FHG#B [ L`F R L�FHL�� �"!$#&%('�!*)+% � F?�bG ZTtFHD^O � F Q [ DAD^F Q>W�R L ]c\ IYVaF Q T [�Q GJFHL T [�Q Z W)[ F \v\SR O �� F R W FYB,� [ L _ 2)[�Q G R ��FHD)V�B ��F R L V�L�FYL W 0D R O � ]�QS_c� F \ M R \ GSFYB ��[ L W FHDAG ? � R F !w[�] L�FHG RA\SR F Q V�L ]c\ � V Q � FHL2IYF R^] FHL [.� F Qx[ V�O � F R L�F \ F ��Q] V�GJF �S � F Q F R L \ G R BlBiV�L ]lW F Q � V Q>R FHGSFYB 2 F QJ[ GSV Q FHLwB R G W FHLwF Q T [�Q GSFHGJFHL QS] F � L RA\S\ FHL ? M _D R F ] FYL W�R F � F Q FYO � L�FKGJFHL � V Q>R FHGSFYB 2 F QJ[ GSV Q FHL R B LtF Q F R O � O J�J ��R^\-, 5 J�. FYD �PR L ? � F Q0/ F Q GW F Q � V QSR FHGJFHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q ��_ L��� �� D R F ] G � F R V�L ] F1� �[���Q-, 5 J�. FYD �PR LyZbT _.� F R+W�R F \ F Q2/ F Q G0���V QF R L [ V \S] F W F � LbGSF \t!w[ GJF QSR^[ D ]cR DAG V�L WlW V Q O �)[ V \ � D^F R L�F Q \ F R L � [ L�LyZcI ? L ? � F RBG"R D^BlFYL�3 @c@1p 5 ? R L�FYL3� �"!$#&%4'�!*)+% 65 F?�bG��)L W FKGmB [ L�F � FHL�� [ D^D \ � F R W F Q GJFYB 2 F QJ[ GJV QS[.��� �[ L ]cR^] FHL � L RA\S_10G QS_.2�R F�Z TXFYDAO � F W F1�)L R F Q G RA\ G [ D \�W�R F L�F QS]cR F W�R 5 F Q FHL�I W F Q DfV \ G-�[ L W F#B R G !w[�] L�FKG RA\SR F Q V�L ]\ FYL�� Q FYO � G � IKT ? 2)[�QS[ D^DAFYDfIHV Q D^F R O � GJFHL � O ��\ F� 3 N$78 R � N97;:�< R < q�= 8 T �?> 7;:�< R < q"@BA 7 NC� ?d@ �D8

� ��� ? � ? , IYF R^] G W�R F � L RA\S_ G QS_ 2�R F [ D \�G V�L�� G R^_ L W F Q ��FYB 2 F QJ[ GJV Q ? DfV F Q ��FYL�L�FHL R^\ G Z W)[��W�R F D+TtF R^R^_ L�FYL [ L R^\>_ G Q>_ 2�R F W�_ B R L R F Q FHL WzRA\ G ? / F R GJF QS��R L ] V�G#IYVwF Q ��FYL�L�FYLyZ W�[��hW�R F � L R 0\S_ G QS_ 2�R F � F R V�L ] F1� �[���Q4, 5 JE. FYD ��R L � F Q>\ O � T R L W FHGYZ T [�\i[ V��UF R L�F � V QSR FKGJFHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q ��_ LV�L ] F�� �[���Q, 5 J�. FYD ��R L ��R L TXF RA\ G ? � R F \ � F \ G �[ G R^] G*L _ O � F R L�B [ D W�R F�F;V [ D R G �[ G W F \;!`_PW FHD^D \ ?!zR G W�R F \ FYLJ� F \ G \*RA\ G ] FHIYF RA] G T*V Q>W FYLfZ W�[��pW�R F \ F \#!z_�W FHD^D R L W F Q / [�] F RA\ GYZ W)[ B R GHGJI�K(L@ J O

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1.5nm: switching1.5nm: equilibrium

3.1nm: switching3.1nm: equilibrium

Temperature T [K]

Mag

net

izat

ion

M/M

s

8007006005004003002001000

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

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single ion parttwo ion part

MAE

Temperature T (K)

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K1

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3)

8007006005004003002001000

1e+07

8e+06

6e+06

4e+06

2e+06

0

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# R N @ 1 I � 8 gI�� � b

� -mw���7� � b N @ T�� 8MN @ T�� � 8 F ! 2�� � b N @ T�� 8 �w�� 7 � NC� ? � J 8B R G � R g ' < ' � b ? � R F � L R^\>_ G Q>_ 2�R F b � F Q FYO � L�FHG \SR O �NW)[.� F R�[ D \ M�V�BaBlF W F Q R L R^_ L�F 0L [ L RA\S_ G QS_ 2�R F b # 3 % V�L W D+TtF R^R^_ L�FYL [ L R^\>_ G Q>_ 2�R F b # 3 %V[X ? � R^\ G W�R F � L�I [�� D W F Q � G _ BaF W F \� [ L _.2)[�Q G R ��FYD \ ?� FYV�GSD R O � IYVNF Q ��FYL�L�FHL R^\ GYZ W)[�� W�R F [ L [ D R�G R^\ O � F I FYO � L�V�L ]kW�R FmL V�BlF QSRA\ O � ] FKT _ L�L�FYL�FYL� [ GJFHL L R O � G � F \ O ��Q F R � G ? LtFHG QJ[ O � GSFHGmB [ L W�R FgL V�BaF QSRA\ O � FHL � [ GJFYL \>_ � �[ D^DdG#TXF R GJF Qx[ V��{ZW)[�� \SR O � W�R F . V Q � FHL [ DAD^F � F R F R L�F Q � FHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q N 3� R J ? J @ 5 @! . 8g\ O � L�F RAW FYL ? I FYO � 0L�FHGrB [ L W�R F \ F R L � F QS\ F � FHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q V�BzZ \S_ F Q ��FYL�LbGmB [ LyZ W�[�� F \x\>R O � ��R F Q � F R V�B W�R F� V QSR FHGJFHB 2 F QS[ GJV Qx�)[ L W FHDAG ? � R F \ TXF R^� G W)[�QJ[ V�� ��R LyZ W)[��kW�R F L�F Q>]cR F �)[�Q>QSR F Q FiGSFYB 2 F QJ["0GJV QS[.��� �[ L ]cR^]pR^\ G*V�L W � F R W F Q � V Q>R FKGJFYB 2 F QJ[ GJV Q$� F QS\ O � T R L W FKG ?� R BlB(G B [ L&L V�L W�R F ��FYB 2 F QJ[ GSV QJ[1��� �[ L ]�R^] ��F R G W F Q#!w[�] L�FHG R^\SR F Q V�L ] V�L W � L R^\S_ G QS_.2�R FF ! 2 D R I R GiB R GiV�L W W�R FhFHLbG \�2�Q FYO � FYL W FHL %xQ �_c� FHL [ V \oW FHL M R BiV�D [ G R^_ L�FHL N � ��� ? � ?PO V�L W� ? , 8 Z \S_ �)L W FHG4B [ L R B � R F�� GJFHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q � F Q F R O � F R L�F ] V�GSF �S � F Q F R L \ G R BlBiV�L ]lW F Q4[ L ["0D R G RA\ O � FHL � � F _cQ>R FiB R G W FHL L V�BaF QSRA\ O � FHL � [ GJFYL N � � � ? � ? �D8 ? � R F � � TXF R O � V�L ]4� F R"W FHL��_c� FHLK��FYB 2 F QJ[ GJV Q FYL R^\ G W)[.� F R IYVpF Q T [�Q GJFHL ] FKTtF \ FHLyZ W)[xW�R F0L QS_ T*L�� \ O � F � � F _cQSR F ]b[ L�I[ D^D ] FYBlF R LhL V Q � �V Q F R L�FYL � FHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q�� F Q F R O �4�c_ L w���7#" n%$ ] �V�DdG R^]oRA\ G ?� [hW�R FiM R BiV�D [ G R^_ L \ IYF R G � �V Q G R F1� FF� FHB 2 F QS[ GJV Q FYL Q FHD [ G R �`]cQ>_c� T R^Q>W \ O � F R LbGrF \x\>R L�L ��_ D^DL [ O � F R L�F Qo[ L W F Q FYL ! FHG ��_�W FkIYV \ V�O � FYLfZvV�B W�R F GJFHB 2 F QS[ GJV QJ[.��� �[ L ]cRA] F�L Q>_ T*L�� \ O � F� � F _cQ>R F [ V�O � � �V Q G R F1� F���FYB 2 F QJ[ GSV Q FHL�TtF R GJF Q IYV � F \ G �[ G R^] FHL ?. R L / F ]�RA\ G W�R F W R�L ["0B RA\ O � F . _ F Q I R G R � � FYD W�\ G �[�Q ��FhIYV � F \ G R BlBaFHL ?�� [ IYV T RAQSW T �[���Q FYL W W F Q M R BiV�D [ G R^_ L F R L% F ] FYL�� FHD W [ L ] FYDAF ] GYZ TXFYDAO � F \ B R GgF R L�F QMI#[ GSF �c_ L'&)(&+*�, @ ,+7 ' {.-h\ O ��QSR G>GCTtF R^\ FkF QS� �_c� GT R^QSW V�B W�R F . _ F Q I R G R � � FYD W�\ G �[�Q ��FxIHV � F \ G R BaBlFYL ?� ��� ? � ?d@0/ IYF R^] G W�R F �V � F Q � 5 � V Q O � D��[ V�� F ] FHB R GSGSFYDAGSF . _ F Q I R G R � � FYD W�\ G-�[�Q ��F [ D \ G V�L��bG R^_ LW F Q ��FYB 2 F QJ[ GSV Q ? � R F \SR O �g[ V \ W F Q L QS_ T*L�� \ O � FHL � � F _cQSR F F QS] F � FYL W F . _ F Q I R G R � � FYD W�\ G �[�Q ��FR^\ G ] F ] F � FHL W V Q O �

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1/T [1/K]

τ[sec

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0.0040.0030.0020.001

1e-07

1e-08

1e-09

1e-10

1e-11

1e-12

1e-13

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1/T [1/K]

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0.0060.0050.0040.0030.0020.0010

1e-08

1e-09

1e-10

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Coer

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dB

c[T

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500450400350300250200150100500

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

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