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SELF- KILLING (Suicide)
Charmaine S. Principe, B.S.N., R.N.
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To have a broader knowledge regarding suicide; itsdefinition, causes and methods
To be able to know the different perceptions about
suicide
To be able to determine the pros and cons of suicide
To be able to identify the ethical applications of
suicide
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Act of deliberately taking one's own life voluntarily
and intentionally.
Suicidal behavior
Is any deliberate action with potentially life-
threatening consequences, such as taking a drug
overdose or deliberately crashing a car.
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can accompany many emotional disturbances, including
depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
More than 90% of all suicides are related to a mood disorderor other psychiatric illness
Overwhelming views of Person:
(1) social isolation,
(2) death of a loved one,
(3) emotional trauma,
(4) serious physical illness,
(5) unemployment or financial problems,
(6) guilty feelings,
(7) or dependence on alcohol or other drug
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a. Nonviolent
b. Violent
Males violent methods suicide attempts by males are more
likely to be completed
FIREARM
During 2002-2006, the greatest percentageof suicides am
ongmales occurred by firearms (57.7%) while the greatest
percentage of suicides among females occurred by poisoning(38.8%).
(Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National
Suicide Statistics at a Glance)
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Socrates
an individual was a property of the gods, so
that self- killing would bring about their anger
Plato cited three other exceptions to the prohibition of
suicide:
A. Any shame of extreme distress and impoverishment
B. Affliction by any extraordinary sorrow
C. Inevitable turn of fortune
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Aristotle
suicide is an act of cowardice and offense
against the state
Lucius Seneca (Roman stoic philosopher)
argued eloquently in favor of suicide asan escape from suffering and from the decay
of old age
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Judas Iscariot
preferred to commit suicide by hanginghimself rather than to be alive forever
haunted by his ignominious act of betrayal and
treachery against the Lord Jesus
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Psalm 55:12-14
"For it is not an enemy who reproaches me;
Then I could bear it. Nor is it one who hates
me who has exalted himself against me;Then I could hide from him. But it was you,
a man my equal, my companion and my
acquaintance. We took sweet counseltogether, and walked to the house of God in
the throng."
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Suicide is the direct, willful destruction of onesown life.
Direct killing of oneself
Willfuldeliberate, voluntary, and
intentional
Destructive
viol
ent, brutal
or very harsh
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EUTHANASIA vs. SUICIDE
Do so for medical reasons Destructive and violent
termination of ones life
Presupposes incurable
ailment/ terminal condition
Presupposes ones healthy
physical condition
Easy, painless, quiet
acceleration of imminent or
certain death, in order to
rid oneself of prolonged
suffering
Sudden interruption or
destruction of the life
process
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Personal Reasons
1. Misfortune and frustration in love or marriage
2. Parental indifference or apathy towards ones
boyfriend or girlfriend
3. In law problems
4. Failure in an examination
5. Loss of honor and integrity6. Nervous breakdown due toones inability to cope
with lifes problems
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Financial Reasons
1. Poverty and impoverishment2. Great loss of money or collapse in business
venture
Social and Political Reasons
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In Jewish tradition, we find the earliest rejection
of suicide in the teachings of Flavius Josephus, a
famo
us sol
dier, statesman and histo
rianw
ho
was the commander of a defeated army.
A
gainst his sol
diersw
ishes to
kill
themsel
vesand avoid surrender in shame.
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Josephus argued:
Suicide is a crime which is contrary to the
common nature of all animals
The soul is a depositum (deposited for
safekeeping) received from God, so that to kill
oneself is contrary to the divine will, and hence
a wicked act
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St. Augustine contended:
Suicide is itself greater sin than any and all sins that
could be allegedly avoided by committing it
Self- murder is against the fifth commandment (Thou
shall not kill)
Suicide deprives one of the opportunity to repent
It is an ignoble act through which one attempts to
escape the ills of life
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St. Thomas Aquinas gave a threefoldargument:
Suicide is against the naturallaw
Being a member of a society, a person who kills
himself will deprive the community of his activity
Suicide is a usurpation of Gods function
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Michel de Montaigne, a French essayist andskeptical philosopher was the first to explicitly
question the views of Augustine and Aquinas
He argued:
Ones fear of suffering that is worse thandeath itself is the most excusable incitement to
self- killing.
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John Donne, a British clergyman and a religiouswriter, criticized the Christian prohibition of
suicide as self- serving for capitalists and
Christian authorities who exploit and oppresstheir laborers.
His view:
Suicide is a means of liberating oneself from
explo
itation and
oppressi
on.
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David Hume, a Scottish philosopher.
Defendedsuicide:
The removal of misery makes suicide morally
justifiable and permissible
Moral duty is reciprocal
There is no such thing as order designed by
God
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Principle of Stewardship considers suicide as
self- murder.
An individual has no right to murder himself as
he has no right to murder someone else.
Only an individual who has dominion overa thing
has the right to destroy it.
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The greatest good/happiness for the greatest
number
An individual may deliberately terminate his
own life if and when suffering becomes too
much to bear.
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In the context of categorical imperatives not usingourselves only as a means but always as an end, maybe taken as a rejection or prohibition of suicide.
Principle of Autonomy, a rational beings autonomyand self- regulating will to support and justify theirargument that an individual not only has a duty to
preserve his life, but also has to die with dignity ifand when the situation warrants such a moral
decision.
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