introduction to bpmn 2.0

BPMN 2.0 24/10/2012

EC-Lille, J.-P. Bourey 1

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Jean-Pierre Bourey, Ecole Centrale de Lille

October 2012

24/10/2012 Jean-Pierre Bourey, Introduction to BPMN 2.0

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Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ ou par courrier postal à CreativeCommons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California94105, USA.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 available online at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or by regular mail at CreativeCommons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California94105, USA.


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UML modelling

Class diagram

Activity diagram competencies will be appreciated

Petri Nets notions


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Introduction to Business Process Modelling

BPMN for beginners/managers

BPMN tools

BPMN for advanced modeller

BPMN for experts

References


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Welcome in a complex world!!


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Terminology

Standards

Notations

Tools

Permanent evolution


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Business Process is a set of one or more linked procedures or activities

which collectively realize a business objective or policy goal,

normally within the context of an organizational structure defining functional roles and relationships.


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[Květoňová 2006]

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is the representation of a business process …

…in a form which supports automated manipulation, such as modeling or enactment

The process model definition consists of a network of activities and their relationships,

criteria to indicate the start and termination of the process

information about the individual activities, such as participants, associated data, etc.


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[Květoňová 2006]

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is the automation of a business process,

in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action,

according to a set of procedural rules


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[Květoňová 2006]

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[VISP 2007]

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PROCESS

CHOREOGRAPHY

PROCESS

ORCHESTRATION

SERVICE

DESCRIPTIONS

WORKFLOW

EXTENSIONS

WORKFLOW

ADMINISTRATION

INFORMATION

MODELS

COMMUNICATIONS

UMM

BPSS

UBL

WSBPEL EXECUTABLE

BPQL

WSDL

BPXL

SOAP

UML

WSBPEL abstract

OAGIS

ebXML CPPA

WfXML

BTP

ASAP

MDA/BPDM

WS-CDL

RosettaNet

PIP

BPML

BPMN

WSCI

XPDL

BPSM

WSCL

ACTIVITIES

STANDARD

BODIES BPMI OMG

RosettaNet

W3C WfMC

OAGi

OASIS

ebXML

PROCESS

MODELLING

[VISP 2007]

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Standard Type Version Date Impl. Organisatio

n

BPMM Model 1.0 06/2008 No

BPMN Language 2.0 01/2011 Yes

BPDM Meta-Model 1.0 11/2008 No

UML Language 2.4.1 08/2011 Yes

BPEL Language 2.0 04/2007 Yes Oasis

XPDL Language 2.2 08/2012 Yes WfMC

UMM Method 2.0 04/2011 Few UN/CEFACT

OMG

Business Process Maturity Model

Business Process Model and Notation

Business Process Definition Metamodel

Unified Modelling Language

Business Process Execution Language

XML Process Definition Language

UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology

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By defining

The scope of what you have to do

The roles of involved people

By using a limited set of standards

Notations

Techniques

By encouraging the dialog between Business and IT people

By following (or trying to follow) evolutions

By relativizing

there is no such thing as perfection!!!


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Level 1 Strategic Process Model

Content : High Level Overview Goal : Quick Understanding Semantic : logical-abstract

Level 2 Operational Process Model

Content : Operational Flows Goal : Clarifying Details Semantic : physical-concrete

Level 3a Technical Process Model

Level 3b IT Specification

Level 4b IT Implementation

Content : Technical Details Goal : Execution Semantic : physical-concrete

Without Process Engine With Process Engine

Business

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Process OWNER Chairman, Head of Division

Process Landscape

Process MANAGER Head of Department

Process Overview

Process PARTICIPANT Clerk, etc.

Parts of the Process

Process ANALYST (In-house) Consultant

Everything

Process ENGINEER Software Developer

Everything

[inspired from camunda services Gmbh]

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3) Deploy

[repository]

4) execute

[server]

5) operate

[portal] [BPMI.org]

1) Design

[designer]

6) monitor

[BAM,

SAM]

2) Simulate

[simulator]

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Initially developed by Business Process Management Institute (now part of l'OMG®)

Objective:

to build a bridge between the description and the execution of processes

Initially BPMI developed BPML (replaced by BPEL as execution language)

Origin

August 2001: BPMN 1.0 : Business Process Modeling Notation

Notation Working Group created. (35 companies, organisations, or individuals).

May, 2004: BPMN 1.0 specification released to the public

February, 2006: BPMN 1.0 adopted as an OMG standard

January, 2008: BPMN 1.1 adopted as an OMG standard

January, 2009: BPMN 1.2 adopted as an OMG standard

becomes Business Process Model and Notation

September 2009 :BPMN 2.0 Beta 1

June 2010: BPMN 2.0 Beta 2

January 2011 :BPMN 2.0


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"The primary goal of BPMN is to provide a notation that is

readily understandable by all business users,

from the business analysts that create the initial drafts of the processes,

to the technical developers responsible for implementing the technology that will perform those processes,

and finally, to the business people who will manage and monitor those processes.

Thus, BPMN creates a standardized bridge for the gap between the business process design and process implementation."


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[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 , OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]

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Descriptive Process Models Suitable for high level modeling – should be comfortable for analysts that have used

flowcharts Process Map: simple flow charts of the activities

Analytic Process Models Contains the concepts most commonly used and covered in BPMN training Process Description : Process Map + description (not enough to fully define actual

performance)

Common Executable Process Models Focuses on the elements required for executable process models Process Models with enough information so that the process can be analyzed, simulated,

and/or executed

BPMN

Supports each of these levels Provides a mechanism to generate an executable Business Process (BPEL) from the business

level notation Is independent from methodologies

Avoid to get actors bogged down in details


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[BPMI.org]

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BPMN is constrained to support only the concepts of modeling that are applicable to Business Processes

The following are aspects that are out of the scope of BPMN

Definition of organizational models and resources

Modeling of functional breakdowns

Data and information models

Modeling of strategy

Business rules models


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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.

BPMN defines the term Process as:

A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work.

a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of

Activities

Events

Gateways

Sequence Flows

that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]


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BPMN aims to cover 3 basic models of Processes:

Processes

Collaborations

Choreographies


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BPMNDiagram is a kind of diagram that depicts all or part of a BPMN model


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OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]

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Private process

Internal to a specific organization

Called workflow or BPM Processes

Called Orchestration of services in the Web services area

Can be executable or not (i.e. for documenting purpose)




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Public process

represents the interactions between a private Business Process and another Process or Participant

Only those Activities that are used to communicate to the other Participant(s) are included in the public Process




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contains two or more Pools, representing the Participants




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provides a “bird’s eye” perspective




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Process Landscape


Process Overview




Everything


Everything


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[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]

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Communication

Sub-conversation

Conversation Link

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[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]

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BPMN for beginners/managers


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Process Landscape


Process Overview




Everything


Everything


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Collaboration and Process diagrams

~13 concepts = 10% of the total number of concepts

Petri Nets based execution


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Collapsed Pool

Pool

Lane

Start Event

Task

Sequence Flow

MessageFlow

Intermediate Event

Gateway

Subprocess

Data Object

Association

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Pools and lanes


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Events

Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

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A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work


Activities Events

Gateways

Sequence Flows



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Events Pools and lanes


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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

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An Activity is work that is performed within a business process.

An Activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound).

The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Sub-Process, and Task

Activities are rounded rectangles

They can be performed once or can have internally defined loops

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail

There are specialized types of Tasks for sending and receiving, or user-based Tasks, etc.

Markers or icons can be added to Tasks to help identify the type of Task Markers must not change the footprint

of the Task or conflict with any other standard BPMN element

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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For the descriptive level, 3 task types are enough

Abstract Task ("None Task" in BPMN 1.2)

A Task which is not further specified

User Task

A User Task is a typical “workflow” Task where a human performer performs the Task with the assistance of a software application and is scheduled through a task list manager of some sort.

Service Task

A Service Task is a Task that uses some sort of service, which could be a Web service or an automated application.


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Sub-Processes enable hierarchical Process development

A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities

For a collapsed version of a Sub-Process, the details of the Sub-Process are not visible in the Diagram

A “plus” sign in the lower-centre of the shape indicates that the activity is a Sub-Process and has a lower-level of detail

For an expanded version of a Sub-Process, the details (a Process) are visible within its boundary

A Call Activity identifies a point where a global Process or a Global Task is used.

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

[BPMN2.0 Specifications]

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Activities Events

Gateways

Sequence Flows that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]


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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

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They connect a source Flow Object to a target Flow Object:

Three types

A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process

A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two entities that are prepared to send and receive them

An Association is used to associate data, information and artifacts with flow objects


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process

The source and target must be one of the following objects:

Events

Activities

Gateways

A Sequence Flow cannot cross a Sub-Process boundary or a Pool boundary


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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Activities

Events

Gateways

Sequence Flows



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Pools and lanes


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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

Events

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An Event is something that “happens” during the course of a business process.

BPMN has restricted the use of events to include only those types of events that will affect the sequence or timing of activities of a process.

These Events affect the flow of the process and usually have a trigger or a result.

They can start, interrupt, or end the flow


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A Start Event

is a circle that MUST be drawn with a single thin line

indicates where a particular Process will start

starts the flow of the Process, and thus, will not have any incoming Sequence Flows


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An End Event

is a circle that MUST be drawn with a single thick line

indicates where a Process will end

All the tokens that were generated within the Process MUST be consumed by an End Event before the Process has been completed

If there is a Start Event, then there MUST be at least one End Event

If the End Event is not used, then all Flow Objects that do not have any outgoing Sequence Flow (i.e., are not a source of a Sequence Flow) mark the end of a path in the Process. However, the Process MUST NOT end until all parallel paths have completed.


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Indicates where something happens (an Event) somewhere between the start and end of a Process

Is drawn with a double thin line


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Delay between tasks

Time out (on the border)


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Activities Events

Gateways Sequence Flows



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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

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A Sequence Flow MAY have a defined condition if it exits an Activity

Such an activity MUST have at least two Sequence Flows

The condition has to be True to allow the flow to continue down the Sequence Flow

A mini-diamond shows that the Sequence Flow has a condition

At least one of the outgoing Sequence Flow MUST be chosen during Process performance

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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A Sequence Flow that exits an Exclusive or Inclusive Gateway may be defined as being the default path

A hatch mark at the line beginning shows the default Sequence Flow

The default path is chosen only if all the other conditions of the Gateway are False

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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Used to control how Sequence Flows interact as they converge and diverge within a Process

All types of Gateways are diamonds Different internal markers indicate different types of behaviour

All Gateways both split and merge the flow


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial] Upd

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Exclusive Gateways (Decisions) are locations within a business process where the Sequence Flow can take two or more alternative paths.

This is basically the “fork in the road” for a process

Only one of the possible outgoing paths can be taken when the Process is performed

They are also used to merge Sequence Flow


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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These are the most commonly used type of Gateways.

They can be shown with or without an internal “X” marker. Without is the most common use.

The Gateway (Decision) creates alternative paths based on defined conditions


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A converging Exclusive Gateway is used to merge alternative paths

Each incoming Sequence Flow token is routed to the outgoing Sequence Flow without synchronization

Be careful (see later)


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OR

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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Inclusive Gateways are Decisions where there is more than one possible outcome

If none of the Inclusive Decision Gate Condition Expressions are evaluated as “TRUE”, then the Process is considered to have an invalid model

The “O” marker is used to identify this Gateway

They are usually followed by a corresponding merging Inclusive Gateway

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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The source object MUST NOT be an Event.

The source object MAY be a Gateway, but the mini-diamond MUST NOT be displayed in this case.

The source object MAY be an activity (Task or Sub-Process) and the mini-diamond SHALL be displayed in this case.

A source Gateway MUST NOT be of type AND (Parallel).


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When the Inclusive Gateway is used as a Merge, it will wait for (synchronize) all Tokens that have been produced upstream

It does not require that all incoming Sequence Flow produce a Token (as the Parallel Gateway does)

It requires that all Sequence Flow that were actually produced by an upstream (by an Inclusive OR situation, for example)

If an upstream Inclusive OR produces two out of a possible three Tokens, then a downstream Inclusive OR will synchronize those two Tokens and not wait for another Token, even though there are three incoming Sequence Flow


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Interrupting timer

Non interrupting events


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This task is stopped after

2 hours

These flows are exclusive

Dotted line

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Parallel Gateways are places in the Process where multiple parallel paths are defined They are not required for forking in

most situations.

They can be used for methodological purposes

The “+” marker is used to identify this Gateway

The Gateway is also used to synchronize (wait for) parallel paths

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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Implicit Merge

Version2,


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[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.0 Spec 06-02-01.pdf]

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Multiple Merge,


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each token arriving at activity “D” will cause

a new instance of that activity.

[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03]

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Multiple Merge,

Discriminator


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each token arriving at activity “D” will cause

a new instance of that activity.

BPMN 1.x: When the

second token arrives, it will be excluded from the remainder of the flow. This means that the token will not be

passed on to the activity, but will be

consumed. BPMN 2.0: each token will be passed on to

activity D

[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03 OMG BPMN 2.0 Spec formal/2011-01-03]

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Synchronizing Join


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Be careful and avoid


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Prefer

If necessary


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Activities Events

Gateways

Sequence Flows



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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

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A Pool typically represents an organization

A Lane typically represents a department within that organization


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Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

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A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two Entities that are prepared to send or Received them

A Message Flow can connect two different Pools or Flow Objects within the Pools

Message Flow are not allowed between objects within a single Pool


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Pools and lanes


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Events

Gateways

Artefacts

Activities

Tasks

Sub-processes

Flows

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Artifacts provide the capability to show information beyond the basic flow-chart structure of the Process

There are currently three standard Artifacts in BPMN: Data Objects, Groups, and Annotations

Additional Artifacts may be standardized in later version

Sets of vertical market Artifacts may also be developed

A modeller or tool can extend BPMN by defining new Artifacts


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Data Objects are Artifacts that are used to show how data and documents are used within a Process

Data object can be a collection

A Data Store provides a mechanism for Activities to retrieve or update stored information that will persist beyond the scope of the Process.


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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An Association is used to associate objects to one another (such as Artifacts and Activities)

Associations are used to show how data is input to and output from Activities

Text Annotations can be Associated with objects (see later)


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Data Objects can be used to define inputs and outputs of activities

Data Objects can be given a “state” that shows how a document may be changed or updated within the Process

[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

Data association

Data state

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Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeller to provide additional information about a Process

Text Annotations can be connected to a specific object on the Diagram with an Association


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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]

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[http://www.bpmn.info/2008/07/22/coq-au-vin/]

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A majority of tools "conforms" to BPMN 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2

Some claim to conform to BPMN2.0

Reality and/or disinformation

There are 76 current implementations (updated September 12, 2012)

See http://www.bpmn.org/

Free or not


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web-based BPMN editor

http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Oryx http://academic.signavio.com/p/login (academics)

BPMN2.0 and earlier versions

Also: Petri Nets, UML class diagram, EPC (ARIS)

Advantages Zero-installation

BPMN2 (including Choreography, Conversations)

More than BPMN (Petri nets, EPC, …)

Ergonomic

Import/export facilities

But On line tool

Only drawing


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http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Oryx



http://academic.signavio.com/p/login

http://academic.signavio.com/p/login

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http://www.bonitasoft.com/

Version 5.7.3 (tested on 2012-09-30)

Modelling , deployment, execution, monitoring

Easy to use

Very evolutive

Connectivity

Simulation

Free …almost for operational use

Some concepts are missing: event_based gateways, user tasks,…


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One of the leaders

Not completely conformant with BPMN and very (too) tolerant!!

4 process views Business, functional, organisational, application

Integration with others

aspects of entreprises Organisation IT Risks …


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ARIS (Software AG)

The leader

A free version for academics

Free version for all ARIS Express (http://www.ariscommunity.com/aris-express)

Adonis

A free version: Community edition (http://www.adonis-community.com/download.html)


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New

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What one can read about this subject !!!!


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http://www.adonis-community.com/download.html




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["Use of UML and Model Transformations for Workflow Process Definitions ", Audris Kalnins, Valdis Vitolins12006]

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["Use of UML and Model Transformations for Workflow Process Definitions ", Audris Kalnins, Valdis Vitolins12006]

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BPMN2.0 is better than BPMN1.x The metamodel is more formalised

Some concepts are very interesting (non interrupting events,…)

But BPMN 2.0 is more complex than BPMN1.x Clarification of what is useful at each level is needed

The extensibility mechanism is poorer than UML Profiles

Some tools are interesting Signavio for modelling

Bonita for modelling and deployment

In any case, this notation must be learnt before used !!!!!!


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Process for managing travel orders of RS-Company employees

Before travelling, an employee has to fill a form (destination, departure and return dates)

His/her manager has to validate or not

The top manager validates his/her own travel order

A customised notification is sent to the employee to inform about the decision the manager has made

The company organisation is described in a database table

The process could be instanciated by any employee


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Employee's Manager

Workflow Portal (UserXP)

Workflow Engine

Workflow Portal (UserXP)

Database containing the

Organisational Chart and a log table

Employee

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RS-Company organisation chart


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Mick

Keith

Ron

Charlie

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Build (Table, sequence, constraints, triggers)

an organisation table: BONITA_USER_ORG_CHART

a result table BONITA_USER_TRAVEL_RESULT containing validation information (who, when , what, …)


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BPMN 2.0

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 , OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03

http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/ (Accessed 2011-03-16)

538 pages

BPDM

Business Process Definition MetaModel Volume I and II

http://www.omg.org/spec/BPDM/1.0/ (Accessed 2009-10-28)


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http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/

http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/

http://www.omg.org/spec/BPDM/1.0/

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http://www.processmodeling.info/posts/highlights-from-bpmn-2-0-new-event-types/

http://www.afis.fr

Association Française pour l'ingénierie système

http://www.omg.org/


http://www.bpmi.org/

http://www.bpms.info/

Business process management service

http://www.bpmbasics.com

http://www.hb-conseil.com/

Approche processus

http://www.diveintobpm.org/

Animated explanations


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Workflow patterns

http://workflowpatterns.com/patterns/index.php (Accessed 2012-10-15)

BPMN2.0 Poster

http://www.bpmb.de/images/BPMN2_0_Poster_FR.pdf

"OMG BPMN Tutorial"

http://www.bpmn.org/Documents/OMG_BPMN_Tutorial.pdf

[Květoňová 2006] Basic concepts of Business Process Modeling,

http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/research/pubs/TR/2006/sem_uifs/s060410slidy1.pdf


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http://www.processmodeling.info/posts/highlights-from-bpmn-2-0-new-event-types
















http://www.afis.fr/

http://www.omg.org/


http://www.bpmi.org/

http://www.bpms.info/

http://www.bpmbasics.com/




http://www.diveintobpm.org/

http://workflowpatterns.com/patterns/index.php

http://workflowpatterns.com/patterns/index.php

http://www.bpmb.de/images/BPMN2_0_Poster_FR.pdf

http://www.bpmn.org/Documents/OMG_BPMN_Tutorial.pdf




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[Eloudrhiri, 08] Saïd Eloudrhiri, Pierre Halin, Vivien Monti, rapport de veille technologique Urbanisation et SOA Vers une Entreprise Agile version 1, Centre de compétences TIC, Région wallone, BE, Vivansa, 16/09/2008, www.vivansa.com.

[Fournier-Morel et al., 08] Xavier Fournier-Morel, Pascal Grojean, Guillaume Plouin, Cyril Rognon, SOA le guide de l'architecture SI, 2ème édition, Collection InfoPro - 368 pages - 2008 - 2e édition, Dunod.

[Gartner 09] Gartner's 2009 Hype Cycle Special Report Evaluates Maturity of 1,650 Technologies, 2009, http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1124212.

[Vendeville, 09] Eric Vendeville Les 5 piliers fondamentaux d’un Socle de Gouvernance SOA, le 27/03/09, http://www.soablog.fr/2009/03/27/les-5-piliers-fondamentaux-dun-socle-de-gouvernance-soa/


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http://www.vivansa.com/





http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1124212










http://www.soablog.fr/2009/03/27/les-5-piliers-fondamentaux-dun-socle-de-gouvernance-soa/

















introduction to bpmn 2.0

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