PowerPoint Presentation

11/02/15cluster presentation1

SummaryGeneral contextDefinition of clustersA mapping of clusters in the worldFramework of clusterKey features of clustersSome examples of clusters in the worldConclusion: limits of clustersM.Porter approach of clusters: a short video

11/02/15cluster presentation2

General context

Regions in the world tend to create cluster for their economic developmentClusters increase productivity of companiesClusters stimulate the innovation capacity of companies and universitiesClusters promote the development of new businesses11/02/15cluster presentation3

Definition of clusters by M. Porter

A cluster is a geographic concentration of related companies, organizations, and institutions in a particular field that can be present in a region, state, or nation. Clusters arise because they raise a company's productivity, which is influenced by local assets and the presence of like firms, institutions, and infrastructure that surround it.

11/02/15cluster presentation4

A mapping of clusters in the world

11/02/15cluster presentation5

A mapping of clusters in the U.S.A.

11/02/15cluster presentation6

11/02/15cluster presentation7

11/02/15cluster presentation8

Key features of clusters (1/2)

Reduction of transaction costs in recruiting employeesProximity between companies is a key feature: proximity improves interactionsProximity develops a culture of networks (informal relationships)Clusters enable/permit knowledge transfer between companies, universities and Venture capital (financeurs)

11/02/15cluster presentation9

Key features of clusters (2/2)

Clusters foster/improve trust relationships (relations de confiance) between individualsClusters promote competition & cooperation (coopetition) Examples of coopetition: Orange & Free, Boeing & Airbus, Apple & Samsung...Clusters enhance/foster innovation, creativity of companies through R&D projects

11/02/15cluster presentation10

11/02/15cluster presentation11

11/02/15cluster presentation12

11/02/15cluster presentation13

Conclusion: limits of clusters

Clusters offer an opportunity for companies and universities to cooperate in projects Clusters enable companies to share knowledge and technologies

BUT The limits of clusters arethe following:

Lack of commitment & motivation to share information, knowledge and ideas

Cooperation between companies which are in competition is not easy (for example in France)

A cluster could not be duplicated from a region to another (problem of culture, resources...)

11/02/15cluster presentation14

11/02/15cluster presentation15

Thanks for your intentiongood evening !!!!!11/02/15cluster presentation16