जन जागरूकता ई-संवाद प - npcil · 2018-06-26 · in recognition of...
TRANSCRIPT
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��य पाठक�,
�वलवणीकरण, औ�ोिगक ���या ऊष ्मा, नवीकरणीय ऊजार् के साथ एक�करण और हाइ�ोजन उत्पादन के िलए नािभक�य ऊजार् का अिभनव उपयोग �वश ्वव ्यापी �डकाबन�करण म� महत ्वपणूर् भिूमका िनभाएगा। पढ़कर आन�ंदत ह�…
अध् यक्ष, जन जागरूकता सिमित
कुल उत् पा�दत �व�ुत इकाई 26,320िमिलयन यूिनट
केकेएनपीपी �ारा कुल CO2 उत् सजर्न म� कमी22,609,188
टन
नोट: कोयल ेएवं नािभक�य ऊजार् के औसत जीवन च� �ीन हाउस गैस उत् सजर्न �मश: 888 एव ं29 (टन/जीडब् ल् यूएच) है।
जलवाय ु प�रवतर्न आज व�ै�क पयार्वरण म�ु� म� सवार्िधक महत् वपणूर् है। नािभक�य �व�तु न् यनू काबर्न �ौ�ोिग�कय� म� से एक है जो बढ़ती हुई आबाद� एवं सामा�जक-आिथर्क �वकास के िलए �व�तु उत् पादन करते हुए �ीन हाउस गैस� (CO2) के उत् सजर्न म� कमी लाती है। CO2 के उत् सजर्न म� कमी लाने म� केकेएनपीपी का योगदान (�दनांक 30 अ�लै 2018 को) अब तक इस �कार है।
मई 2018 के �विशष् ट �बंदु
केकेएनपीपी का जलवायु प�रवतर्न के न् यूनकरण म� योगदान
1
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3,297 जन जागरूकता �काशन �वत�रत �कए गए।3
4
600 घंट� का जन संपकर् , 334 लोग� से संपकर् ।
केकेएनपीपी स् थल पर 16 जन सपंकर् कायर्�म आयो�जत �कए गए।
4 334 जन जागरूकता टो�पयां �वत�रत क� गई।
तयैारकतार् एव ंसपंादक:
के.बी. जाशी, �भार� अिधकार�, ट�एलड� �योगशाला [email protected]
पनुर�क्षणकतार् :
पी. पण् डारम, सदस् य सिचव, जन जागरूकता सिमित[email protected]
आर.एस. सावंत, �िशक्षण अधीक्षक एव ंअध् यक्ष, जन जागरूकता सिमित [email protected]
जार�कतार्:
ड�.एस. चौधर�, स् थल िनदेशक, केकेएनपीपी स् थल
जन जागरूकता ई-सवंाद प�कुडनकुलम न् यू�क्लयर पॉवर �ोजेक् ट
मई 2018 अकं – 71
इस अंक म�:
नािभक�य समाचार
नािभक�य नारे
माह के दौरान पीए गित�विधयां
�वशेष आलेख
नािभक�य सामान् य ज्ञान
तकनीक� स�
नािभक�य आकंड़ा कोश
शब् दकोश
जनता का �वचार
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Public Awareness e-NewsletterKudankulam Nuclear Power Project
May 2018 Issue – 71
Dear Readers,The innovative use of nuclear energy forDesalination, Industrial process heat, Integrationwith renewable energy and Hydrogen productionwill play a significant role in world-widedecarbonisation. Happy read on…
Source: en.wikipedia.org
-Chairm an, PA Com m it tee
Scientific classificationKingdom: Animalia Phylum: ChordataClass: AvesOrder: CharadriiformesFamily: ScolopacidaeGenus: Tringa
Species: T. totanus
Binomial name:Tringa totanus
In this issue:
Photography by Mr Kvasha A.V.Former Deputy Head of Russian
Specialist at KKNPP Site
Public voiceTechnical session
Nuclear Database
Nuclear NewsNuclear Slogan
PA activity during the month
Feature article
Nuclear Trivia
Lexicon
No.of units of electricity generated
26,320Million Units
Total CO2 emissions avoided by KKNPP
22,609,188Tonnes
Note: Average lifecycle GHG emissions for Coal &Nuclear is 888 & 29 (tonnes/GWh) respectively.
Climate change is the foremost globalenvironmental issue today. Nuclear power isone of the low carbon technologies that cancontribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions (mostly CO2) while generatingelectricity for growing populations andsocioeconomic development. KKNPPscontribution in preventing the CO2 emissions tillnow (As on May 31, 2018) is given below.
Spotlight of April 2018
KKNPP ‘s contribution to climate change mitigation A glimpse of common
redshank at Anu vijayTownship, Chettikulam
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3,297 PA Publications distributed3
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600 hours of PublicOutreach, reaching 334 people
16 on-site outreach programmeorganised
Whole world today acknowledges the
self-reliant nature of India’s nuclear establishment
“India is recognised asone of the leadingnations in the use ofnuclear technologiesacross multipledisciplines rangingfrom energy toagriculture and frommedicine to wastemanagement.
Nation Building is along-term and never-ending process and wehave lot of challengesto overcome. We mustaspire to make the lifeof the poorest personbetter, to make surethat he or she can leada life of dignity. It isonly then that we canrightfully take somerest and feel a sense ofsatisfaction.”
Shri Ram Nath KovindThe President of India
(Excerpts from the address by the president of India on the occasion of inauguration of DAE facilities at BARC dated
May 15, 2018)
4 334 PA Caps distributed
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Page 2 of 12
Site visit commences witha structured lectureprogramme for about twohours on nuclear energy &safety features of KKNPPwith relevance to theevents at Fukushima andalso addresses the queriesmainly related toprotection of marineorganism and handling ofwaste. They are then takento Model room forfamiliarization of sitelayout, simulator facility tovisualize the functioningof safety systems andhealth physics trainingfacility to understand theconcept of radiation safetyduring normal operation& abnormal situation.Subsequently they aretaken to the Intakestructure and Desalinationplant. This programmeconcludes with a feedbacksession. Two of thefeedback received fromthe visitors are given inthis section.
Public Voice
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Page 3 of 12
NPCIL Mission:To develop nuclear powertechnology and to produceNuclear Power as asafe, environmentally benignand economically viablesource of electrical energy tomeet the increasing needs ofcountry.
Technical session - VVER Technology
“Nuclear power is the onlysource of energy with a lowcarbon footprint thatcountries can purchase ofwhich the world haswitnessed a phenomenalexpansion in the last fewyears. The progress in thisarea in the last few yearshas meant that 55 newreactors will be connectedto the grid in course oftime, which is more than adoubling of the resultsobtained during theprevious 25 years.”
Continued …
Source: S.K. Agrawal et al. (The VVERs at KudanKulam) www.sciencedirect.com
Agneta RisingDirector General
World Nuclear Association (source: www.thequint.com
The pre-stressing anchoring force applied at the anchorage at
the time of stressing is about 1100 tonnes. Fifty-five individual
strands will be threaded into a flexible dross-batch sheath of
200mm diameter (for horizontal tendons) or 219mm diameter
steel pipe (for vertical U tendons), which are left embedded in
the concrete section. The duct is grouted with cement grout for
added corrosion protection of the steel strands.“Phenomenal rise in nuclear power in 3 years”
The following measures are incorporated to establish the
surveillance requirements of the pre-stressed concrete inner
containment.
(i) Tendon dynamometer to measure the pre-stressing force in
the tendons.
(ii) Vibrating wire strain gauges to measure internal concrete
strains and deformations.
Provision of in-service inspection of the inner containment
Provision of hermitic liner in floor as well in wall of innercontainment
A steel liner 8mm thick for the inner containment floor slab
and a 6mm thick steel liner for the wall and dome are
provided to ensure the required leak tightness to the inner
containment under the postulated accident conditions.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.thequint.com/
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Page 4 of 12
Regional Distribution of Nuclear Power Plants:
1011 MW(e), PWR, Model: VVER V320 RUSSIA on 2 February Construction Start Date: 16 Jun 2010 First Criticality Date: 29 Dec 2017 First grid connection: 02 Feb 2018
1085 MW(e)PWR, Model: VVER V-491RUSSIA on 9 MarchConstruction Start Date: 25 Oct, 2008First Criticality Date: 06 Feb, 2018First grid connection: 09 Mar, 2018
New connections to the grid: (Year 2018)
Source: https://www.iaea.orgUpdated as on June 05, 2018
Current Status:
450
393 836 MWe
59
NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSIN OPERATION
TOTAL NET INSTALLEDCAPACITY
NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSUNDER CONSTRUCTION
Country No. of Reactors MWe
ARGENTINA 3 1633ARMENIA 1 375BELGIUM 7 5918BRAZIL 2 1884BULGARIA 2 1926CANADA 19 13554CHINA 39 34514CZECH REPUBLIC 6 3930FINLAND 4 2769FRANCE 58 63130GERMANY 7 9515HUNGARY 4 1889INDIA 22 6255IRAN 1 915JAPAN 42 39752KOREA 24 22494MEXICO 2 1552NETHERLANDS 1 482PAKISTAN 5 1318ROMANIA 2 1300RUSSIA 37 28264SLOVAKIA 4 1814SLOVENIA 1 688SOUTH AFRICA 2 1860SPAIN 7 7121SWEDEN 8 8622SWITZERLAND 5 3333TAIWAN 6 5052UKRAINE 15 13107UK 15 8918USA 99 99952Total 450 393836
60 627REACTOR-YEARS OFOPERATION
Nuclear Database
ROSTOV-4
www.world-nuclear-news.org
LENINGRAD 2-1
https://www.iaea.org/
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Page 5 of 12
Nuclear hydrogen economics could favor small modular designs May 02
Nuclear News
BWXT announces new Mo-99 technology May 08
Eighth Japanese reactor resumes power generation May 14
European Union(EU) carbon emissions fromburning fossil fuels increased in2017, statistics office Eurostatsaid on Friday, indicating thatthe reduction of emissionsblamed for climate changeremains a challenge. Carbonemissions in the EU were up 1.8percent from 2016, Eurostatsaid, with a double-digitincrease in Malta and Estonia.
Source: http://nuclearstreet.com
High temperatures and operationalflexibility could position small modularreactors (SMRs) at the heart of thegrowing hydrogen market, experts toldNuclear Energy Insider. Steam methanereforming is currently the dominantmethod to produce hydrogen. Naturalgas is submitted to thermalprocesses, typically in large plants built onto existing natural gasinfrastructure. Existing large-scale reactors could be used for HighTemperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE), but SMR developers believetheir smaller, modular designs and passive safety features make thembetter-suited to industrial applications.
Source: https://nuclearenergyinsider.com
NPCIl wins Russian award for 'Atom on Wheels' campaign May 15In recognition ofthe importance ofpublic outreach innuclear powerdevelopment, state-run Nuclear PowerCorp of India(NPCIl) on Mondaywon the top awardIn the public communication category from the Russian state atomicenergy corporation Rosatom at its 10th Atomexpo internationalconference here. A specially-designed bus travelled through 1,500villages of Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtraand Andhra Pradesh displaying panels, models, posters and makingmultimedia presentations in local languages to help to build opinion forsetting up nuclear power plants in the country.
Source: www.thequint.com, www.thehansindia.com
BWX Technologies Inc (BWXT) has developedan innovative process developed tomanufacture molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) whichit says is a breakthrough for medicalradioisotope manufacturing technology. Thecompany plans to introduce the technologyby the end of 2019, subject to regulatoryapprovals. Featuring a patent-pendingneutron capture process, BWXT's technologyproduces Mo-99, the parent isotope of
technetium-99m (Tc-99m), which is used globally in more than 30 millionmedical procedures each year. BWXT's process will produce Mo-99 fromnatural molybdenum, rather than enriched uranium targets, which thecompany says eliminates fission waste, reduces environmental impactsand eliminating proliferation risk.
EU carbon emissions rose in2017: Eurostat May 04
Source: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Ohi 4 is the eighth of Japan's 42operable reactors which haveso far cleared inspectionsconfirming they meet the newregulatory safety standards andhave resumed operation. Theothers are: Kyushu's Sendaiunits 1 and 2 and Genkai unit 3;Shikoku's Ikata unit 3; andKansai's Takahama units 3 and4. Another 17 reactors haveapplied to restart.
US hydrogen demand by sector
BWXT's prototype Tc-99m generator (Image: BWXT)
Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org
A representative from NPCIL creating awareness on nuclear power among people in Srikakulam district
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Page 6 of 12
As a part of Public Awareness programme, Students and staff ofSchools and Colleges and public from Tirunelveli, Tuticorin andKanyakumari districts and also from Kerala state visited KKNPP Site.They were familiarized with the nuclear power plant and Safetyfeatures of KKNPP in particular reference to the events at Fukhushima(Japan) and radiation safety during normal and abnormal operation ofNuclear power plant.
1.2 billion People Live Without Clean Drinking
Water? Nuclear Can Help
Nuclear Slogan
PA activity conducted at KKNPP SiteAt
site
Source: http://ansnuclearcafe.org
Earth has 97% Salty oceanwater 3% Fresh water Salt-free lakesLess than 3% is consumablefor drinking or farming. Thiswater need not beperpetually unusable.Already, the globalcommunity has begunmassive desalinationefforts; however,desalinations is not an easyendeavor; the process isincredibly energy-intensive, and efforts tocreate freshwater byburning fossil fuels can onlyhinder global climate goals.One technology exists thatcan help meet both climategoals and increasing waterdemand.
Advanced nuclear powercan desalinate oceanwater. Without burningfossil fuels Imagine.Water for drinking.Water for farming. Evenin times of recorddrought.
Source: freepik.com, http://ansnuclearcafe.org
“Nuclear is perfect for adiverse green-energy portfolio”
because itsuppliesbaseloadelectricity,which isessentialfor ahealthygrid. ”
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14
1
42
247
45
378
2514
405
42
247
45
1
10
100
1000
10000
Industrial Training Institute
Public School
Programme organised
No.of participants
Publications distributed
Caps distributed
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Page 7 of 12
Staff from KSEB, Vatakara,
Kerala
(08.05.2018)
At site
Few glimpses from Site Visit
Government ITI, Radhapuram, Tirunelveli
TDTA School, Kudankulam, Tirunelveli
Family member of KKNPP Staff(19.05.2018)
May 04, 2018
Positive Study Centre, KeralaMay 17, 2018
Inplant Trainee at KKNPP
(06.05.2018)
Members of Rotary Club, Sivakasi, Virudhunagar
May 11, 2018
May 15, 2018
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Page 8 of 12
Inplant Trainee at KKNPP (24.05.2018)
At site
Few glimpses from Site Visit
Institute of Parlimentary affairs, Kerala
Lions Club, Vallioor, Tirunelveli
Relatives of KKNPP staff
(24.05.2018)
May 24, 2018
May 26, 2018
Relatives of KKNPP staff
(26.05.2018)
General Public from Radhapuram, Tirunelveli
May 19, 2018
Inplant Trainee at KKNPP
(21.05.2018)
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Page 9 of 12
Family members
of KKNPP Staff
(30.05.2018)
At site
Few glimpses from Site Visit
General public from Sathiya Muzhakkam Assembly church, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin
Family members of retired officials of NPCIL,Tirunelveli
May 30, 2018
Family members of NPCIL(30.05.2018)
May 30, 2018
Health Officials of Tirunelveli Dictrict
May 28, 2018
Inplant Trainees at KKNPP
May 29, 2018
Relatives of KKNPP staff
(26.05.2018)
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Page 10 of 12
Mass defectNuclear
Terminology
More on Mass defect
Lexicon
The nuclei of all atoms consist of nucleons. A nucleon iseither a proton, a subatomic particle with positive electriccharge, or a neutron with a neutral charge. The mass of anynucleus is slightly less than the sum of the masses of itsconstituent nucleons. This difference, or "mass defect,"represents the binding energy holding the nucleonstogether. For the alpha particle with a mass of 4.00151 atomicmass units, the structure of two protons (1.00728 atomic massunits each) and two neutrons (1.00866 atomic mass unitseach), a mass defect of 0.03037 atomic mass units results. Thiscorresponds to an energy (binding energy) of about 28 MeV.
Einstein wrote the equation that allows you to find out how muchenergy will be released when you change mass into energy. It is:
E = mc2Where: E = the energy released (J); m = the mass defect (kg); c = the
speed of light (ms-1). Note: that the 'm' is the mass that goes missing(the mass defect). It is not the total mass involved in the reaction.
Source: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu, www.s-cool.co.uk, http://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
According to Einstein'sequation, even tiny massesrepresent large energies: amass of 100 kg completelyconverted to energy wouldsupply all Canadian needs forone year.
If the binding energy pernucleon (The binding energycurve is obtained by dividingthe total nuclear bindingenergy by the number ofnucleons) is plotted againstthe number of nucleons in thenucleus, the humpbacked"curve of binding energy" isobtained. Starting at hydrogen(1 nucleon), the curve risesrapidly to oxygen (16nucleons), then more slowlyto arsenic (75nucleons), before droppingslowly to uranium (238nucleons).
Thus, fusing 2 light nuclei intoa heavier one releases somenuclear-binding energy;fissioning a very heavynucleus into 2 intermediateones releases a smalleramount of energy per nucleonbut involves many morenucleons.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/http://www.s-cool.co.uk/http://www.s-cool.co.uk/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/
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Page 11 of 12
Did you know? Source: World Nuclear Association
'Clean Coal' Technologies
Source: https://www.skepticalscience.com
Source: www.nuclearmatters.com & coolnsmart.com
Feature article
Carbon-free benefits of nuclear are immense
To be continued …
Contd…
dioxide mixed with methane from natural gas wells, itsseparation is well proven. Several processes areused, including hot potassium carbonate which is energy-intensive and requires a large plant, a monoethanolamineprocess which yields high-purity carbon dioxide, aminescrubbing, and membrane processes. Development of CCS forcoal combustion has lost momentum in the last fewyears, partly due to uncertainty regarding carbon emissionprices. The Global CCS Institute established in 2009 and basedin Australia aims “to accelerate thedevelopment, demonstration and deployment of carboncapture and storage (CCS), a vital technology to tackle climatechange and provide energy security.” In mid-2010 the IEApublished a report saying that CCS was challenging, andquoting $26 billion committed in the previous two years toCCS projects. In mid-2016 the Global CCS Institute said thatthere were 15 large-scale CCS projects in operation, with afurther seven under construction. The total CO2 capturecapacity of these 22 projects is around 40 Mt/yr. There areanother six large-scale CCS projects at the most advanced('define') stage of development planning, with a totalCO2 capture capacity of around 6 Mt/yr. A further 12 large-scale CCS projects are in earlier stages ('identify' and'evaluate') of development planning and have a totalCO2 capture capacity of around 25 Mt/yr.
Every year, nuclear-generatedelectricity saves ouratmosphere from more than555 million metric tons ofcarbon dioxide emissions thatwould otherwise come fromfossil fuels. That’s the same astaking 119 million passengervehicles off the road, which ismore than every passengervehicle currently on the roadin the United States.Additionally, the energyprovided by nuclear avoidsover 500 million tons ofcarbon and 650,000 tons ofnitrogen oxide emissions eachyear.The combined social cost ofthese emissions is valued at$33.4 billion annually.
A number of means existto capture carbon dioxidefrom gas streams, butthey have not yet beenoptimised for the scalerequired in coal-burningpower plants. The focusin the past has oftenbeen on obtaining pureCO2 for industrialpurposes rather thanreducing CO2 levels inpower plant emissions.Where there is carbon
Capture & separation of CO2:
https://www.skepticalscience.com/http://www.nuclearmatters.com/http://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrtFnTtVv5aaGsAALHGHAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBxNG1oMmE2BHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmwEaXQD/RV=2/RE=1526646637/RO=11/RU=http:/coolnsmart.com/environment_quotes/?sortby=popularity/RK=2/RS=PAqnf8JzaiXBI5CzITYo2NjIpyI-
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Prepared & Edited by:
K.B.Jashi, OIC, TLD Lab [email protected]
Reviewed by:
P.Pandaram, Member Secretary, PA [email protected]
R.S.SawantTraining Superintendent & Chairman, PA Committee [email protected]
Issued by:
DS ChoudharySite Director, KKNPP Site
Contact details:
Public Awareness Committee Kudankulam Nuclear Power ProjectKudankulam-627106 E-Mail: [email protected]
Page 12 of 12
What are Neutron stars?
Trivia
When the core of a massive star undergoesgravitational collapse at the end of its life, protonsand electrons are literally scrunchedtogether, leaving behind one of nature's mostwondrous creations: a neutron star. Neutron starscram roughly 1.3 to 2.5 solar masses into a city-sized sphere perhaps 20 kilometers (12 miles)across. Matter is packed so tightly that a sugar-cube-sized amount of material would weigh morethan 1 billion tons, about the same as MountEverest!
Nuclear Trivia
Dame Susan Jocelyn BellBurnell is anastrophysicist fromNorthern Ireland whowas credited with "one ofthe most significantscientific achievements ofthe 20th Century". As apostgraduatestudent, she discoveredthe first radio pulsars in1967.
Neutron stars that can be observed are very hot andtypically have a surface temperature ofaround 600000 K. Their magnetic fields arebetween 108 and 1015 (100 million to 1 quadrillion)times as strong as that of the Earth. Thegravitational field at the neutron star's surface isabout 2×1011 (200 billion) times that of the Earth.Types of neutron stars:Pulsars:Most neutron stars are observed as pulsars. Pulsarsare rotating neutron stars observed to have pulsesof radiation at very regular intervals that typicallyrange from milliseconds to seconds. When thebeam crosses our line-of-sight, we see a pulse – inother words, we see pulsars turn on and off as thebeam sweeps over Earth.Magnetars:Another type of neutron star is called a magnetar. Ina typical neutron star, the magnetic field is trillions oftimes that of the Earth's magnetic field; however, ina magnetar, the magnetic field is another 1000times stronger.
Source: Wikipedia, www.nasa.gov, www.space.com
Jocelyn Bell, June 1967
By 2010, approximately1,800 pulsars had beenidentified through radiodetection, with another70 found by gamma-rays. Some pulsars evenhave planets orbitingthem — and somemay turn into planets.As material within a
pulsar accelerateswithin themagnetosphere of apulsar, the neutron starproduces gamma-rayemission.The flickering of pulsars
is so predictable thatresearchers areconsidering using themfor spaceflightnavigation.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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