introduction to bpmn 2.0
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BPMN 2.0 24/10/2012
EC-Lille, J.-P. Bourey 1
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Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ ou par courrier postal à CreativeCommons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California94105, USA
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Jean-Pierre Bourey, Ecole Centrale de Lille
October 2012
24/10/2012 Jean-Pierre Bourey, Introduction to BPMN 2.0
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Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ ou par courrier postal à CreativeCommons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California94105, USA.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 available online at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or by regular mail at CreativeCommons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California94105, USA.
24/10/2012 Jean-Pierre Bourey, Introduction to BPMN 2.0
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UML modelling
Class diagram
Activity diagram competencies will be appreciated
Petri Nets notions
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Introduction to Business Process Modelling
BPMN for beginners/managers
BPMN tools
BPMN for advanced modeller
BPMN for experts
References
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Welcome in a complex world!!
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Terminology
Standards
Notations
Tools
Permanent evolution
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Business Process is a set of one or more linked procedures or activities
which collectively realize a business objective or policy goal,
normally within the context of an organizational structure defining functional roles and relationships.
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[Květoňová 2006]
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is the representation of a business process …
…in a form which supports automated manipulation, such as modeling or enactment
The process model definition consists of a network of activities and their relationships,
criteria to indicate the start and termination of the process
information about the individual activities, such as participants, associated data, etc.
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[Květoňová 2006]
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is the automation of a business process,
in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action,
according to a set of procedural rules
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[Květoňová 2006]
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[VISP 2007]
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PROCESS
CHOREOGRAPHY
PROCESS
ORCHESTRATION
SERVICE
DESCRIPTIONS
WORKFLOW
EXTENSIONS
WORKFLOW
ADMINISTRATION
INFORMATION
MODELS
COMMUNICATIONS
UMM
BPSS
UBL
WSBPEL EXECUTABLE
BPQL
WSDL
BPXL
SOAP
UML
WSBPEL abstract
OAGIS
ebXML CPPA
WfXML
BTP
ASAP
MDA/BPDM
WS-CDL
RosettaNet
PIP
BPML
BPMN
WSCI
XPDL
BPSM
WSCL
ACTIVITIES
STANDARD
BODIES BPMI OMG
RosettaNet
W3C WfMC
OAGi
OASIS
ebXML
PROCESS
MODELLING
[VISP 2007]
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Standard Type Version Date Impl. Organisatio
n
BPMM Model 1.0 06/2008 No
BPMN Language 2.0 01/2011 Yes
BPDM Meta-Model 1.0 11/2008 No
UML Language 2.4.1 08/2011 Yes
BPEL Language 2.0 04/2007 Yes Oasis
XPDL Language 2.2 08/2012 Yes WfMC
UMM Method 2.0 04/2011 Few UN/CEFACT
OMG
Business Process Maturity Model
Business Process Model and Notation
Business Process Definition Metamodel
Unified Modelling Language
Business Process Execution Language
XML Process Definition Language
UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology
Upd
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By defining
The scope of what you have to do
The roles of involved people
By using a limited set of standards
Notations
Techniques
By encouraging the dialog between Business and IT people
By following (or trying to follow) evolutions
By relativizing
there is no such thing as perfection!!!
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Level 1 Strategic Process Model
Content : High Level Overview Goal : Quick Understanding Semantic : logical-abstract
Level 2 Operational Process Model
Content : Operational Flows Goal : Clarifying Details Semantic : physical-concrete
Level 3a Technical Process Model
Level 3b IT Specification
Level 4b IT Implementation
Content : Technical Details Goal : Execution Semantic : physical-concrete
Without Process Engine With Process Engine
Business
IT EMEA 2012
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Process OWNER Chairman, Head of Division
Process Landscape
Process MANAGER Head of Department
Process Overview
Process PARTICIPANT Clerk, etc.
Parts of the Process
Process ANALYST (In-house) Consultant
Everything
Process ENGINEER Software Developer
Everything
[inspired from camunda services Gmbh]
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3) Deploy
[repository]
4) execute
[server]
5) operate
[portal] [BPMI.org]
1) Design
[designer]
6) monitor
[BAM,
SAM]
2) Simulate
[simulator]
Upd
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Initially developed by Business Process Management Institute (now part of l'OMG®)
Objective:
to build a bridge between the description and the execution of processes
Initially BPMI developed BPML (replaced by BPEL as execution language)
Origin
August 2001: BPMN 1.0 : Business Process Modeling Notation
Notation Working Group created. (35 companies, organisations, or individuals).
May, 2004: BPMN 1.0 specification released to the public
February, 2006: BPMN 1.0 adopted as an OMG standard
January, 2008: BPMN 1.1 adopted as an OMG standard
January, 2009: BPMN 1.2 adopted as an OMG standard
becomes Business Process Model and Notation
September 2009 :BPMN 2.0 Beta 1
June 2010: BPMN 2.0 Beta 2
January 2011 :BPMN 2.0
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"The primary goal of BPMN is to provide a notation that is
readily understandable by all business users,
from the business analysts that create the initial drafts of the processes,
to the technical developers responsible for implementing the technology that will perform those processes,
and finally, to the business people who will manage and monitor those processes.
Thus, BPMN creates a standardized bridge for the gap between the business process design and process implementation."
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[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 , OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]
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Descriptive Process Models Suitable for high level modeling – should be comfortable for analysts that have used
flowcharts Process Map: simple flow charts of the activities
Analytic Process Models Contains the concepts most commonly used and covered in BPMN training Process Description : Process Map + description (not enough to fully define actual
performance)
Common Executable Process Models Focuses on the elements required for executable process models Process Models with enough information so that the process can be analyzed, simulated,
and/or executed
BPMN
Supports each of these levels Provides a mechanism to generate an executable Business Process (BPEL) from the business
level notation Is independent from methodologies
Avoid to get actors bogged down in details
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[BPMI.org]
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BPMN is constrained to support only the concepts of modeling that are applicable to Business Processes
The following are aspects that are out of the scope of BPMN
Definition of organizational models and resources
Modeling of functional breakdowns
Data and information models
Modeling of strategy
Business rules models
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work.
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities
Events
Gateways
Sequence Flows
that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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BPMN aims to cover 3 basic models of Processes:
Processes
Collaborations
Choreographies
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BPMNDiagram is a kind of diagram that depicts all or part of a BPMN model
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OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]
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Private process
Internal to a specific organization
Called workflow or BPM Processes
Called Orchestration of services in the Web services area
Can be executable or not (i.e. for documenting purpose)
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Public process
represents the interactions between a private Business Process and another Process or Participant
Only those Activities that are used to communicate to the other Participant(s) are included in the public Process
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contains two or more Pools, representing the Participants
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provides a “bird’s eye” perspective
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Process OWNER Chairman, Head of Division
Process Landscape
Process MANAGER Head of Department
Process Overview
Process PARTICIPANT Clerk, etc.
Parts of the Process
Process ANALYST (In-house) Consultant
Everything
Process ENGINEER Software Developer
Everything
[inspired from camunda services Gmbh]
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[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]
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24/10/2012 Jean-Pierre Bourey, Introduction to BPMN 2.0
Communication
Sub-conversation
Conversation Link
40
[Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03]
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BPMN for beginners/managers
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Process OWNER Chairman, Head of Division
Process Landscape
Process MANAGER Head of Department
Process Overview
Process PARTICIPANT Clerk, etc.
Parts of the Process
Process ANALYST (In-house) Consultant
Everything
Process ENGINEER Software Developer
Everything
[inspired from camunda services Gmbh]
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Collaboration and Process diagrams
~13 concepts = 10% of the total number of concepts
Petri Nets based execution
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Collapsed Pool
Pool
Lane
Start Event
Task
Sequence Flow
MessageFlow
Intermediate Event
Gateway
Subprocess
Data Object
Association
End Event EMEA 2012
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Pools and lanes
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Events
Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities Events
Gateways
Sequence Flows
that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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Events Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows EMEA 2012
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An Activity is work that is performed within a business process.
An Activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound).
The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Sub-Process, and Task
Activities are rounded rectangles
They can be performed once or can have internally defined loops
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail
There are specialized types of Tasks for sending and receiving, or user-based Tasks, etc.
Markers or icons can be added to Tasks to help identify the type of Task Markers must not change the footprint
of the Task or conflict with any other standard BPMN element
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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For the descriptive level, 3 task types are enough
Abstract Task ("None Task" in BPMN 1.2)
A Task which is not further specified
User Task
A User Task is a typical “workflow” Task where a human performer performs the Task with the assistance of a software application and is scheduled through a task list manager of some sort.
Service Task
A Service Task is a Task that uses some sort of service, which could be a Web service or an automated application.
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Sub-Processes enable hierarchical Process development
A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities
For a collapsed version of a Sub-Process, the details of the Sub-Process are not visible in the Diagram
A “plus” sign in the lower-centre of the shape indicates that the activity is a Sub-Process and has a lower-level of detail
For an expanded version of a Sub-Process, the details (a Process) are visible within its boundary
A Call Activity identifies a point where a global Process or a Global Task is used.
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
[BPMN2.0 Specifications]
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities Events
Gateways
Sequence Flows that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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Events Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
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They connect a source Flow Object to a target Flow Object:
Three types
A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process
A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two entities that are prepared to send and receive them
An Association is used to associate data, information and artifacts with flow objects
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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process
The source and target must be one of the following objects:
Events
Activities
Gateways
A Sequence Flow cannot cross a Sub-Process boundary or a Pool boundary
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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities
Events
Gateways
Sequence Flows
that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
Events
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An Event is something that “happens” during the course of a business process.
BPMN has restricted the use of events to include only those types of events that will affect the sequence or timing of activities of a process.
These Events affect the flow of the process and usually have a trigger or a result.
They can start, interrupt, or end the flow
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A Start Event
is a circle that MUST be drawn with a single thin line
indicates where a particular Process will start
starts the flow of the Process, and thus, will not have any incoming Sequence Flows
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[BPMN2.0 Specifications]
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[BPMN2.0 Specifications]
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An End Event
is a circle that MUST be drawn with a single thick line
indicates where a Process will end
All the tokens that were generated within the Process MUST be consumed by an End Event before the Process has been completed
If there is a Start Event, then there MUST be at least one End Event
If the End Event is not used, then all Flow Objects that do not have any outgoing Sequence Flow (i.e., are not a source of a Sequence Flow) mark the end of a path in the Process. However, the Process MUST NOT end until all parallel paths have completed.
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[BPMN2.0 Specifications]
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[BPMN2.0 Specifications]
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Indicates where something happens (an Event) somewhere between the start and end of a Process
Is drawn with a double thin line
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Delay between tasks
Time out (on the border)
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities Events
Gateways Sequence Flows
that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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Events Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
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A Sequence Flow MAY have a defined condition if it exits an Activity
Such an activity MUST have at least two Sequence Flows
The condition has to be True to allow the flow to continue down the Sequence Flow
A mini-diamond shows that the Sequence Flow has a condition
At least one of the outgoing Sequence Flow MUST be chosen during Process performance
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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A Sequence Flow that exits an Exclusive or Inclusive Gateway may be defined as being the default path
A hatch mark at the line beginning shows the default Sequence Flow
The default path is chosen only if all the other conditions of the Gateway are False
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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Used to control how Sequence Flows interact as they converge and diverge within a Process
All types of Gateways are diamonds Different internal markers indicate different types of behaviour
All Gateways both split and merge the flow
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[OMG BPMN Tutorial] Upd
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Exclusive Gateways (Decisions) are locations within a business process where the Sequence Flow can take two or more alternative paths.
This is basically the “fork in the road” for a process
Only one of the possible outgoing paths can be taken when the Process is performed
They are also used to merge Sequence Flow
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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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These are the most commonly used type of Gateways.
They can be shown with or without an internal “X” marker. Without is the most common use.
The Gateway (Decision) creates alternative paths based on defined conditions
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A converging Exclusive Gateway is used to merge alternative paths
Each incoming Sequence Flow token is routed to the outgoing Sequence Flow without synchronization
Be careful (see later)
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OR
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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Inclusive Gateways are Decisions where there is more than one possible outcome
If none of the Inclusive Decision Gate Condition Expressions are evaluated as “TRUE”, then the Process is considered to have an invalid model
The “O” marker is used to identify this Gateway
They are usually followed by a corresponding merging Inclusive Gateway
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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The source object MUST NOT be an Event.
The source object MAY be a Gateway, but the mini-diamond MUST NOT be displayed in this case.
The source object MAY be an activity (Task or Sub-Process) and the mini-diamond SHALL be displayed in this case.
A source Gateway MUST NOT be of type AND (Parallel).
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When the Inclusive Gateway is used as a Merge, it will wait for (synchronize) all Tokens that have been produced upstream
It does not require that all incoming Sequence Flow produce a Token (as the Parallel Gateway does)
It requires that all Sequence Flow that were actually produced by an upstream (by an Inclusive OR situation, for example)
If an upstream Inclusive OR produces two out of a possible three Tokens, then a downstream Inclusive OR will synchronize those two Tokens and not wait for another Token, even though there are three incoming Sequence Flow
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Interrupting timer
Non interrupting events
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This task is stopped after
2 hours
These flows are exclusive
Dotted line
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Parallel Gateways are places in the Process where multiple parallel paths are defined They are not required for forking in
most situations.
They can be used for methodological purposes
The “+” marker is used to identify this Gateway
The Gateway is also used to synchronize (wait for) parallel paths
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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Implicit Merge
Version2,
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[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.0 Spec 06-02-01.pdf]
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Multiple Merge,
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each token arriving at activity “D” will cause
a new instance of that activity.
[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03]
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Multiple Merge,
Discriminator
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each token arriving at activity “D” will cause
a new instance of that activity.
BPMN 1.x: When the
second token arrives, it will be excluded from the remainder of the flow. This means that the token will not be
passed on to the activity, but will be
consumed. BPMN 2.0: each token will be passed on to
activity D
[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03 OMG BPMN 2.0 Spec formal/2011-01-03]
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Synchronizing Join
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[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03]
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Be careful and avoid
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Prefer
If necessary
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A Process is an activity performed within a company or organization.
BPMN defines the term Process as:
A sequence or flow of Activities in an organization with the objective of carrying out work
a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Elements, which are a set of
Activities Events
Gateways
Sequence Flows
that adhere to a finite execution semantics [BPMN2.0 Glossary]
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New
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Events Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
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A Pool typically represents an organization
A Lane typically represents a department within that organization
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[OMG Final Adopted BPMN 1.2 Spec formal/2009-01-03]
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Events Pools and lanes
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Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows EMEA 2012
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A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two Entities that are prepared to send or Received them
A Message Flow can connect two different Pools or Flow Objects within the Pools
Message Flow are not allowed between objects within a single Pool
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Pools and lanes
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Events
Gateways
Artefacts
Activities
Tasks
Sub-processes
Flows
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Artifacts provide the capability to show information beyond the basic flow-chart structure of the Process
There are currently three standard Artifacts in BPMN: Data Objects, Groups, and Annotations
Additional Artifacts may be standardized in later version
Sets of vertical market Artifacts may also be developed
A modeller or tool can extend BPMN by defining new Artifacts
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Data Objects are Artifacts that are used to show how data and documents are used within a Process
Data object can be a collection
A Data Store provides a mechanism for Activities to retrieve or update stored information that will persist beyond the scope of the Process.
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[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
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An Association is used to associate objects to one another (such as Artifacts and Activities)
Associations are used to show how data is input to and output from Activities
Text Annotations can be Associated with objects (see later)
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Data Objects can be used to define inputs and outputs of activities
Data Objects can be given a “state” that shows how a document may be changed or updated within the Process
[OMG BPMN Tutorial]
Data association
Data state
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Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeller to provide additional information about a Process
Text Annotations can be connected to a specific object on the Diagram with an Association
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[http://www.bpmn.info/2008/07/22/coq-au-vin/]
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A majority of tools "conforms" to BPMN 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2
Some claim to conform to BPMN2.0
Reality and/or disinformation
There are 76 current implementations (updated September 12, 2012)
See http://www.bpmn.org/
Free or not
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Upd
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Upd
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web-based BPMN editor
http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Oryx http://academic.signavio.com/p/login (academics)
BPMN2.0 and earlier versions
Also: Petri Nets, UML class diagram, EPC (ARIS)
Advantages Zero-installation
BPMN2 (including Choreography, Conversations)
More than BPMN (Petri nets, EPC, …)
Ergonomic
Import/export facilities
But On line tool
Only drawing
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http://www.bonitasoft.com/
Version 5.7.3 (tested on 2012-09-30)
Modelling , deployment, execution, monitoring
Easy to use
Very evolutive
Connectivity
Simulation
Free …almost for operational use
Some concepts are missing: event_based gateways, user tasks,…
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Upd
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One of the leaders
Not completely conformant with BPMN and very (too) tolerant!!
4 process views Business, functional, organisational, application
Integration with others
aspects of entreprises Organisation IT Risks …
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ARIS (Software AG)
The leader
A free version for academics
Free version for all ARIS Express (http://www.ariscommunity.com/aris-express)
Adonis
A free version: Community edition (http://www.adonis-community.com/download.html)
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New
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What one can read about this subject !!!!
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["Use of UML and Model Transformations for Workflow Process Definitions ", Audris Kalnins, Valdis Vitolins12006]
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["Use of UML and Model Transformations for Workflow Process Definitions ", Audris Kalnins, Valdis Vitolins12006]
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BPMN2.0 is better than BPMN1.x The metamodel is more formalised
Some concepts are very interesting (non interrupting events,…)
But BPMN 2.0 is more complex than BPMN1.x Clarification of what is useful at each level is needed
The extensibility mechanism is poorer than UML Profiles
Some tools are interesting Signavio for modelling
Bonita for modelling and deployment
In any case, this notation must be learnt before used !!!!!!
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Process for managing travel orders of RS-Company employees
Before travelling, an employee has to fill a form (destination, departure and return dates)
His/her manager has to validate or not
The top manager validates his/her own travel order
A customised notification is sent to the employee to inform about the decision the manager has made
The company organisation is described in a database table
The process could be instanciated by any employee
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Employee's Manager
Workflow Portal (UserXP)
Workflow Engine
Workflow Portal (UserXP)
Database containing the
Organisational Chart and a log table
Employee
NEW
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RS-Company organisation chart
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Mick
Keith
Ron
Charlie
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Build (Table, sequence, constraints, triggers)
an organisation table: BONITA_USER_ORG_CHART
a result table BONITA_USER_TRAVEL_RESULT containing validation information (who, when , what, …)
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BPMN 2.0
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0 , OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-03
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/ (Accessed 2011-03-16)
538 pages
BPDM
Business Process Definition MetaModel Volume I and II
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPDM/1.0/ (Accessed 2009-10-28)
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http://www.processmodeling.info/posts/highlights-from-bpmn-2-0-new-event-types/
http://www.afis.fr
Association Française pour l'ingénierie système
http://www.omg.org/
http://www.bpmn.org/
http://www.bpmi.org/
http://www.bpms.info/
Business process management service
http://www.bpmbasics.com
http://www.hb-conseil.com/
Approche processus
http://www.diveintobpm.org/
Animated explanations
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Workflow patterns
http://workflowpatterns.com/patterns/index.php (Accessed 2012-10-15)
BPMN2.0 Poster
http://www.bpmb.de/images/BPMN2_0_Poster_FR.pdf
"OMG BPMN Tutorial"
http://www.bpmn.org/Documents/OMG_BPMN_Tutorial.pdf
[Květoňová 2006] Basic concepts of Business Process Modeling,
http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/research/pubs/TR/2006/sem_uifs/s060410slidy1.pdf
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[Eloudrhiri, 08] Saïd Eloudrhiri, Pierre Halin, Vivien Monti, rapport de veille technologique Urbanisation et SOA Vers une Entreprise Agile version 1, Centre de compétences TIC, Région wallone, BE, Vivansa, 16/09/2008, www.vivansa.com.
[Fournier-Morel et al., 08] Xavier Fournier-Morel, Pascal Grojean, Guillaume Plouin, Cyril Rognon, SOA le guide de l'architecture SI, 2ème édition, Collection InfoPro - 368 pages - 2008 - 2e édition, Dunod.
[Gartner 09] Gartner's 2009 Hype Cycle Special Report Evaluates Maturity of 1,650 Technologies, 2009, http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1124212.
[Vendeville, 09] Eric Vendeville Les 5 piliers fondamentaux d’un Socle de Gouvernance SOA, le 27/03/09, http://www.soablog.fr/2009/03/27/les-5-piliers-fondamentaux-dun-socle-de-gouvernance-soa/
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