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7/28/2019 ALbert Tacon_Farine pisson

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Albert G.J. Tacon

Aquaculture [email protected]

.

Can a growing aquaculture industry continue to usefishmeal & fish oil in feeds and remain sustainable?

Growth of global aquaculture & the feed ingredients available


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1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

91.18 mmt2.8% APR

65.19 mmt

8.4% APR

Capture Fisheries

Aquaculture

GLOBAL CAPTURE FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION1950 2007 (Million tonnes; Source: FAOSTAT, 2009)

1989 2007

Is this growthSustainable?


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Total global aquaculture production 2007over 340 species of plants and animals

65.2 million tonnes valued at US $ 94.5 billion(FAO FISHSTAT, 2009)


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Fed aquaculture species production 2007(commercial feeds, farm made feeds, fresh feeds)

Total fish & crustaceans 36.82 mmtFed species 28.99 mmt


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Top fed aquaculture & livestock producers 2007(FAO FISHSTAT/FAOSTAT, 2009)

Values in million tonnes - Mt

Grass carp 3.61 Mt

Common carp 2.87

White shrimp 2.30

Catla 2.27Nile tilapia 2.12

Crucian carp 1.94

Atlantic salmon 1.43

Pangasius catfish 0.93

60.7%

Total fed sp production - 29 Mt

APR 10.59% since 1980

Top six fed livestock speciesTop six fed aqua species

Pig 99.2 Mt

Chicken 75.8

Cattle 59.8

Sheep 8.3Turkey 5.9

Goat 4.8

Duck 3.6

Buffalo 3.3

96.7%

Total meat production - 269 Mt

APR 2.54% since 1980


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Total global production of fed fish & crustacean speciesFAO - FISHSTAT (2009)



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Reported global usage of fishmeal and fish oil by major user (values

give in %: Tacon & Metian, 2009)

Total global production of fed freshwater fish speciesFAO - AQUASTAT (2009)

Is this growthSustainable?APR %/year80-85 +5.5

85-90 +32.7

90-95 +18.6

95-00 +14.8

00-05 +11.6

05-06 +4.5

06-07 +18.9


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Total global production of fed diadromous fish speciesFAO - AQUASTAT (2009)


APR %/year80-85 +6.5

85-90 +12.4

90-95 +4.7

95-00 +8.3

00-05 +4.8

05-06 +5.7

06-07 +9.8


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Total global production of fed marine fish speciesFAO - AQUASTAT (2009)


APR %/year

80-85 +4.0

85-90 +6.6

90-95 +11.5

95-00 +12.2

00-05 +10.205-06 +12.7

06-07 +6.6


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Total global production of fed crustacean speciesFAO - AQUASTAT (2009)


APR %/y - MC %/y - FC80-85 +24.3 +23.7

85-90 +25.7 +12.2

90-95 +7.7 +8.1

95-00 +5.3 +32.7

00-05 +17.6 +16.3

05-06 +15.2 +4.4

06-07 +6.2 +40.2


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Top fed fish & crustacean country producers 2007(FAO FISHSTAT, 2009)

Values in metric tonnes

China 15,100,058 (52.1%)

India 2,890,948 (10.0%)

Indonesia 1,365,284 (4.7%)

Viet Nam 1,305,700 (4.5%)

Thailand 1,016,948 (3.5%)

Norway 827,707 (2.8%)

Philippines 669,093 (2.3%)

Chile 658,525 (2.3%)

Egypt 635,516 (2.2%)

Bangladesh 597,411 (2.1%)

USA 367,056

Japan 303,598

Brazil 266,188

Myanmar 262,163Taiwan 228,384

Ecuador 171,020

Mexico 150,325

UK 147,378

Turkey 138,921

Pakistan 130,092

Top 11-20 countriesTop 10 countries

Greece (25) 90,736

Spain (29) 63,464

Italy (31) 58,674


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Estimated global production of commercial aquaculture feedsby major species grouping in 2007: 27.1 million tonnes

Total globalanimal feedproduction:700 mmt in 2008;Aquafeed ca. 4%


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CEREALSINCLUDING

BY-PRODUCT

MEALS& OILS

AQUATICANIMAL

PROTEINMEALS &

LIPIDSLAND

ANIMALPROTEIN

MEALS &FATS

MICROBIALFEED

INGREDIENTS

OILSEEDMEALS, PULSES

& OILS

MAJOR DIETARY NUTRIENT SOURCES USED IN AQUAFEEDS

40essentialnutrients


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- Fish/shellfish meals and oils: produced from wild harvested whole fishand macro-invertebrate animals, including by-catch;

- Fish/shellfish by-product meals and oils: produced from seafood and/oraquaculture processing waste;

- Zooplankton meals and oils: produced from wild harvested marineinvertebrates krill, red fish;

- Fish/shellfish hydrolysates, silages and fermentation products:

produced from wild harvested whole fish, macro invertebrates,zooplankton, and/or seafood processing wastes; and

- Marine polychaete meals: produced from wild harvested and/or culturedannelid worms.

AQUATICANIMAL

PROTEIN

MEALS& LIPIDS


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Proportion of catchdestined from reduction

static or decreasing

Static food fish landings from capture fisheries

Increasing farmedfish & crustaceanproduction

Disposition of the fisheries catch and aquaculture production(Values given in million tonnes: FISHSTAT, 2009)

63.4

50.3

20.4

26.7


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Source: IFFO/Shepherd/Jackson (2009)


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-Poultry by-product meals and fats: produced from slaughtered farmedpoultry, and includes poultry by-product meal, turkey meal, feather meal,chick hatchery waste, and poultry fat;

-Meat by-product meals and fats: produced from slaughtered farmedlivestock (cattle, pig, sheep etc), and includes meat and bone meal, meatmeal, meat solubles, and lard/tallow;

-Blood by-product meals: produced from slaughtered farmed livestock

(ruminant and monogastric), and includes blood meal, haemoglobin meal,and dried plasma products;

- Miscellaneous invertebrate terrestrial products: produced from wildharvested and/or cultured annelid worms, insect larvae/pupae.

LANDANIMALPROTEIN

MEALS& FATS


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Global production of terrestrial meat products(expressed in tonnes; FAO, 2009)


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Land animal by-product meals and fats represent the largest source offeed grade animal protein & lipid available to the feed industry

For example, in 2008 the U.S. alone slaughtered:

34.4 million cattle (50% not used for human food),116.5 million pigs (42% not used for human food),9.1 billion chickens (37% not used for human food),271 million turkeys (36% not used for human food)

U.S. generated:8.7 million tonnes ofrendered products in2008 (4.1PM/4.6FG)>90% consumed in USA

Globally: 20-25 mmt ofrendered products

LAND ANIMAL PROTEINS & FATS


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Total global production ofrendered animal proteinmeals in 2008:

12,984,715 tonnes,major producers:USA 31.5%, South America30.6%, EU-18 29.8%Australia 5.0%, New Zealand1.6%, Turkey 1.4% (Swisher,2009)

Total global production ofrendered fats and greasesin 2008:

10,235,987 tonnes,major producers:

USA 44.7%, EU-18 26.2%,South America 22.2%,Australia 4.6%, New Zealand1.4%, Turkey 0.8% (Swisher,2009)

U.S. production of animal protein meals

U.S. production of fats & tallows


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- Cereals, including by-product meals and oils: includes milled/processedcereals (maize/corn, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, triticaleetc), by-product meals (corn/maize gluten, wheat gluten, dried distillersgrains with solubles, rice protein concentrate, rice bran, wheat bran), andextracted oils (corn/maize, rice);

- Oilseed meals and oils: includes full-fat and solvent extracted oilseedmeals (soybean, rapeseed, cotton, groundnut/peanut, sunflower, palmkernel, copra), by-product meals (soybean protein concentrates,rapeseed/canola protein concentrate), and extracted oils (palm, soybean,

rapeseed, sunflower, linseed, cotton seed, olive); and

- Pulses and protein concentrate meals: includes milled/processed pulses(peas, lupins) and by-product meals (pea protein concentrate, lupinprotein concentrate); and

PLANTNUTRIENT

SOURCES


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Soybeans Rapeseed Cottonseed Groundnuts, withshell

Sunflower seed Palm kernels

1995 2000 2005 2008Millions tonnes

Global production of major plant oilcrops(Values given in million tonnes: FAOSTAT, 2009)

Total oilseedproduction in2008 was 427.1million tonnes


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Global production of major oilseed meals(Values given in million tonnes: USDA, 2010)

Total majoroilseed mealproduction in2008 was 223.5million tonnes


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Global production of cereals in 2008 was 2,525 million tonnes(Values given in million tonnes: FAO, 2009)


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Global production of agricultural crops and meat(expressed in tonnes; FAO, 2009)


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Production of corn feed by-products from alcoholbiorefineries within the US (Renewable Fuels Association)


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Microbial derived feed ingredient sources include the use of massproduced harvested/extracted:

- Algae: Chlorella/ Spirulina/ Crypthecodium/ Nannochloropsis spp. etc

- Thraustochytrids: Schizochytrium spp.

- Yeasts: Saccharomyces/ Candida/ Rhodotorula spp etc

- Filamentous fungi: Aspergillus spp etc

- Bacteria: Pseudomonas/ Methylophilus/ Methylococcus/ Bacillus spp.

- Mixed SCP: activated sludges, floc

MICROBIALINGREDIENT

SOURCES


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The world population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999, adoubling that occurred over 40 years. The world population is projected to growfrom 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2045, an increase of 50 percent that isexpected to require 46 years.


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Can a growing aquaculture industry continue to usefishmeal & fish oil in feeds and remain sustainable?

Yes it can, but the aquaculture feed manufacturing sectormust be able to freely use ALL nutritionally sound

& safe feed-grade ingredient sourcesavailable in the market place

if it is not allowed to do this

then the aquaculture sector will not be trulyecologically & economically sustainable

in the long run

albert tacon_farine pôisson

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