session 1(tt)

8/8/2019 Session 1(TT)

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SESSION 1



Inputs and Outputs

Hardware

Software and their classification

Databases

Interfaces

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Any type of information that is fed into acomputer

The data to be processed by a system

Example: Requirements collected from the client todesign a system.




Output is the useful information that leaves thesystem; i.e. processed information

Example: System being design for the requirementscollected.




Hardware is a general term that refers to thephysical artifacts of a technology.

Example: Hard disk, Monitor, Mother board




Computer software is a general term used todescribe a set of instructions for a computerwhich enable the computer to do a certain task

with a desired output. They can be catogorized into

Operating System Software

Application Software

Custom Software




Operating System Software – Acts an aninterface between the computer and the enduser

E.g. – Windows, Unix, Linux

Application Software – refers to a complete and

self-contained software that helps the useraccomplish a specific task

E.g. – MS-Office, Winamp Player etc.




Custom Software: refers to a system developedas per the client specific requirements

E.g.: A software for a Bank or a Hospital




Database is a collection of information that isorganized so that it can easily be accessed,managed, and updated

DBMS is a software system that enables usersto define, create and maintain the database andwhich provides controlled access to thedatabase




Early Types of DBMS

Flat files

Hierarchical

Network

Current Generation

Relational

Advanced Systems

- Object Based




Hierarchical - data is organized into a tree-likestructure, implying a single upward link ineach node to describe the nesting.

E.g.


CUSTOMER

ORDER

ORDER ITEM SHIPMENT



Network – A database that runs in a network.It implies that the DBMS was designed with aclient/server architecture.

A database organization method that allowsfor data relationships in a net-like form

A single data element can point to multipledata elements and can itself be pointed to byother data elements




E.g. :


CUSTOMER

ORDER 6

ORDER 5

ORDER 4

ORDER 1

ORDER 2

ORDER 3

ORDER ITEM 3

ORDER ITEM 2ORDER ITEM 1



Relational –

Database in which all data are represented in

tabular form which contain rows andcolumns

The relational approach supports queries thatinvolve several tables by providingautomatic links across tables




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End of the session


session 1(tt)

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