APPENDIX-I

LIST OF THE HINDU COURTIERS AND OFFICIALS IN

THE LAHORE DARBAR Sr. No. Name Sub-Caste Position

1. Ajodhia Das Adalati

2. Ajodhia Parshad (son of Rallia

Ram)

Brahmin Worked under his

father

3. Ajodhia Parshad, Diwan

(son of Diwan Ganga Ram)

Brahmin Paymaster

4. Amarnath, Diwan (son of

Diwan Dina Nath)

Brahmin Paymaster

5. Amir Chand Brahmin (Kaul) Commandant

6. Amir Chand, Misr Brahmin Nazim

7. Amir Chand, Misr Brahmin Treasurer

8. Anokh Rai Vakil

9. Arjan Das Commandant

10. Bahadur Chand Adalati

11. Bahlu Ram, Pandit Brahmin Court Pandit

12. Basti Ram, Misr Brahmin Toshakhania

13. Beli Ram, Misr Brahmin Chief Toshakhania

14. Bhagat Ram, Bakshi Bakshi

15. Bhawani Das, Diwan Khatri Finance Minister

16. Bishan Das Nazim

17. Brij Lal, Pandit (father of Pandit

Madusudhan)

Brahmin Court Pandit

18. Chunni Lal, Diwan Brahmin Nazim

19. Dalpat Rai, Pandit Brahmin Court Pandit

20. Dault Rai, Diwan (son of Diwan

Lakhi Mal)

Khatri Kardar

21. Daya Ram, Pandit Brahmin Kardar

22. Devi Das, Diwan Khatri Keeper of Royal

Seal

23. Devi Dayal (son of Gurmukh

Rai)

Khatri (Chopra) Vakil

24. Devi Sahai, Diwan

(son of Radha Kishan, Diwan)

Commandant

25. Dewani Mal Khatri Trusted confident

26. Dhannu, Diwan Commandant

27. Dhanpat Rai, Diwan Brahmin Kardar

28. Dhunraj Khatri Colonel

29. Din Das, Diwan Commandant

30. Dina Nath, Diwan (Raja) Brahmin Finance Minister

31. Dip Chand Commandant

32. Ditta Mal Khatri Kardar

33. Diwan Chand, Misr Brahmin Commander-in-chief

34. Duni Chand Commandant

35. Ganga Bishan Khatri Nazim

36. Ganga Ram, Diwan Brahmin Paymaster Chief

37. Gangu Mal Commandant

38. Ganpat Rai Khatri Kardar

39. Gobind Jass, Rai Khatri Vakil

40. Gobind Sahai Khatri Vakil

41. Gulzari Mal Khatri Commandant

42. Gurmukh Rai

(brother of Diwan Sawan Mal)

Khatri (Chopra) Officer of Irregular

cavalry

43. Gyan Chand (son of Rallia

Ram)

Brahmin Head of the officer

of salt revenue

44. Hakim Rai, Diwan Khatri Nazim

45. Hakim Rai, Lala Physician

46. Har Kishan, Pandit Brahmin Commandant

47. Harcharan Das

(son of Rallia Ram)

Brahmin Assistant at

custom

Department

48. Harcharan Das Brahmin Commandant

49. Harcharan Das, Misr Adalati

50. Hari Ram (father of Shankar

Nath)

Munshi

51. Harsukh Rai Khatri (Kapur) General

52. Haryar Brahmin Commandant

53. Hukam Chand, Diwan (son of

Diwan Bhawani Das)

Khatri Daftari, Kardar

54. Jalla, Pandit Brahmin Tutor and

Chief Adviser of

Hira Singh

55. Jamait Rai Munshi

56. Jamna Das Commandant

57. Jassa Mal, Misr Brahmin Thoshakhania

58. Jawahar Qanungo

59. Jawahar Lal, Lala Munshi

60. Jawahar Mal, Diwan Farmer/Ijaradar

61. Jawala Sahai Khatri (Nanda) Revenue Officer

62. Jawaya Ram Collector of Duties

63. Jetha Mal, Diwan Nazim

64. Jiwan Mal Commandant

65. Jodha Ram, Misr, Diwan

(father-in-law of Pandit Jalla)

Brahmin Commandant

66. Kahan Chand Munshi

67. Kahan Chand Brahmin Commandant

68. Kanhiya Lal

(father of Rattan Chand

Duggal)

Khatri Kardar

69. Karam Chand, Lala Munshi

70. Karam Narayin (son of Diwan

Sawan Mal)

Khatri (Chopra) Kardar

71. Khazana Mal Khatri Commandant

72. Kirpa Ram, Diwan Khatri (Kochhar) Nazim

73. Kishan Chand Commandant

74. Kishan Chand, Rai Khatri (Bhandari) Vakil

75. Kishan Dyal, Diwan Vakil

76. Lachhmi Munshi

77. Lakhi Mal, Diwan Khatri Kardar

78. Lal Chand Vakil

79. Lal Kaul, Pandit Brahmin Commandant

80. Madusudhan, Pandit Brahmin Incharge of

Dharmarth

81. Mangal Sen (son of Lala

Karam Chand)

Brahmin Commandant

82. Mathra Das Commandant

83. Maya Das Kardar

84. Megh Raj, Misr Brahmin Toshakhania

85. Mirza Mal Khatri Commandant

86. Mohan Lal Suri Vakil

87. Mohkam Chand, Diwan Khatri (Kochhar) Nazim

88. Moti Ram, Diwan Khatri (Kochhar) General

89. Mukand Chand Brahmin (Kapur) Commandant

90. Mullraj, Diwan (Dilwalia) Brahmin Nazim

91. Mulraj, Diwan

(son of Diwan Sawan Mal)

Khatri (Chopra) Nazim

92. Nanak Chand

(brother of Diwan Sawan Mal)

Khatri (Chopra) Revenue

Collector,

Munshi

93. Nand Gopal

(brother of Rattan Chand

Duggal)

Khatri Munshi

94. Narain Das Brahmin Revenue Collector

95. Narain Das, Lala (Brother of

Bhawani Das)

Khatri Kardar

96. Piara Mal Kardar

97. Radha Kishan (son of Pandit

Madusudhan)

Brahmin Tutor of Maharaja

Dalip Singh

98. Radha Kishan, Diwan Commandant

99. Rai Anand Singh Khatri (Bhandari) Vakil

100. Raj Kaur (brother of Bhawani

Das)

Khatri Kardar

101. Raj Narain Khatri Commandant

102. Raj Rup, Lala Nazim

103. Raja Ram, Misr Revenue Collector

104. Rallia Ram, Misr Brahmin Kardar, Chief of

Custom

105. Ram Chand

(grandson of Nanak Chand)

Khatri (Chopra) Incharge of Private/

Royal Seal

106. Ram Chand Kardar

107. Ram Das, Lala Munshi

108. Ram Dayal Munshi

109. Ram Dayal Bhandari (brother

of Rai Kishan Chand)

Khatri (Bhandari) Vakil

110. Ram Dayal, Diwan Khatri (Kochhar) Commandant

111. Ram Dayal, Lala Khatri, Bhandari Vakil

112. Ram Kishan, Misr Brahmin Chamberlain

(Deorhidar)

113. Rama Nand Revenue

Administrator

114. Rang Ram Khatri (Kapur) Commandant

115. Ranpat Rai Brahmin Revenue Collector

116. Rattan Chand Kardar

117. Rattan Chand Darhiwala Incharge Postal

118. Rattan Chand Duggal Khatri Munshi

119. Rup Chand Vakil

120. Rup Lal, Misr Brahmin Nazim

121. Sahib Dayal, Misr (Son of

Rallia Ram)

Brahmin Munshi

122. Sarab Dayal Munshi

123. Sardha Ram Munshi

124. Sawan Mal, Diwan Khatri (Chopra) Nazim

125. Sawan Mal, Misr (son of Misr

Rup Lal)

Brahmin Risaldar

(Cavalry)

126. Sehaj Ram, Lala Kardar

127. Sen Mal Khatri Commandant

128. Seva Ram, Lala Kardar

129. Shah Ram Munshi

130. Shambhu Mal Khatri Commandant

131. Shankar Das (son of Shiv

Dayal Duggal)

Khatri Financial

Administrator

132. Shankar Nath (son of Rallia

Ram)

Brahmin Worked in

Amritsar mint

133. Shankar Nath, Diwan Munshi

134. Sheo Parshad Worked in Topkhana

135. Shiam Das Adalati

136. Shiv Dayal Duggal Khatri Kardar

137. Shiv Dyal, Lala (son of Diwan

Moti Ram)

Khatri (Kochhar) Nazim

138. Sital Chand Munshi

139. Sohan Lal Suri, Lala Report Writer

140. Sujan Rai Munshi

141. Sukh Dayal, Misr Brahmin Commandant

142. Sukhdayal Khatri Nazim

143. Sukhraj, Misr Brahmin Commandant

144. Sunder Das Commandant

145. Sunder Das (Son of Misr Ram

Kishan), Misr

Brahmin Keeper of

Privy purse/

Royal Seal

146. Tara Chand, Diwan Brahmin General

147. Tara Chand, Diwan (Son of

Lala Karam Chand)

Brahmin Kardar

148. Tarlok Chand, Pandit Brahmin (Gaur) General

149. Tek Chand Nazim

150. Thakar Das (son of Misr Beli

Ram)

Brahmin Treasurer

151. Thakur Das Duggal (son of

Kanhiya Lal Duggal)

Khatri Kardar

152. Tulsidhar Nazim

APPENDIX-II

A SKETCH MAP OF MISR RALLIA RAM'S ILAKA

SELECTED GLOSSARY

Abwab : Cesses paid by the cultivators

Adalti : Judicial Officer

Ain : Law

Akal Sahai : 'May God help'. This expression was used by Ranjit Singh on his coins and official communications

Akali : A member of the Akali or Nihang, order of the

Sikhs, literally meaning an immortal

Akhbar : A newspaper or a dispatch of news

Amir : A title denoting a Muslim of High rank

Amil : A revenue collector

Azan : Muslim call for prayer

Bahadur : Brave, also a title of distinction

Bakhshi : A paymaster of troops

Banjar : The Barren or waste land

Bar : The upland wastelands between the two river

valleys

Batai : Division of land produce between the State and

the cultivator

Begar : A cess in lieu of unpaid labour or forced

Bhai : Literally a 'brother' and a title of sanctity and

respectability among the Sikhs

Bhangi : Addicted to taking bhang or hemp-an intoxicant,

also the name of a Sikh Misal

Bigha : A measure of land equal to 4 kanals and in

certain areas equal to 2 kanals. Its size varies

from region to region.

Chak : A village

Chakdar : The owner of a chak or well, as opposed to the

land attached to the well, acquiring certain rights

over the produce of the land irrigated from his

well

Chaudhari : The chief person of the village, usually rich and

distinguished for his sense of justice

Daftar : A register or a book, office

Daftari : A record keeper

Daftar-i-Mulla : The central office of royal Secretariat

Darbar : A court; an audience hall presided over by the

king or the premier or a person of note

Darogha : A superintendent head of any organisation

Dar-ul-Aman : The adobe of peace

Deohari : An entrance to a house or building

Derah : The camp

Dharamarth : Charity or for charitable purposes.

Diwan : The head of the finance department also a

minister, a steward

Doaba (doab) : A territory lying between two rivers and in the

Punjab particularly the one between the rivers

Satluj and Beas

Dogra : An inhabitant of 'Duggar Desh' situated in the

lower hills in Jammu, generally of Rajput origin

Doshala : A double shawl

Dussehra : An Indian festival celebrated in commemoration

of the victory of Lord Rama over the forces of

Ravana, by burning the effigy of the latter. It

generally falls in October.

Fakir : A mendicant : a religious-minded person devoted

to meditation

Farangi : An European

Farman : Royal command

Fateh Jang : Victor of battles

Fateh Nasib : of victorious destiny

Fateh-o-Nusrat

Nasib

: Destined victor

Fauj-i-khas : Special royal cops. Here it refers to French

Brigade

Ghazi : A Muhammadan crusader

Ghorcharhas : Literally horse-riders, cavalrymen who formed the

bulk of the irregular divisions in the Sikh army

Harhi (Rabi) : Summer harvest

Howdah : A litter; seat on an elephant

Hukka : An Indian pipe and its apparatus by which

tobacco is smoked through water

Hundi : Payment draft

Ijara : It was an arrangement in which a source of

income was placed in the charge of a person in

return for a fixed amount to be paid to the state

Ijaradar : One who holds the ijara or the farmer or the

contractor who is entrusted with the

responsibility of collecting the revenue of a

particular area of land or the local taxes in return

for the payment of a stipulated sum to the

Government

Ilaqa : A territory, an estimate, jurisdiction

Jagir : A field : land given by Government as a reward for

services or as a fee

Jagirdar : The holder of a jagir

Jama : The aggregate of revenue assessed

Jawar : The maize

Jehad : A crusade, a holy war

Jinsi : Mixed

Jurmana : Fine, penalty

Kankut : A method of assessment based on the appraisal of

the standing crops

Kanwar : A prince; generally denoting princes other than

the heir-apparent

Kardar : An officer in charge of the revenue and local

administration of a pargana or talluqa

Khalsa : The land held or administered directly by

government or the sovereign; the brother-hood of

the Sikhs, particularly those conforming to the

instructions of Guru Gobind Singh

Khanqah : A monastery

Kharwar : Literally an ass load signifying a measure of

weight as well as of land in Kashmir

Khatri : A member of the fighting caste of the Hindu

community according to the traditional duties

enjoined upon the four castes; the word is a

corruption of Sanskrit 'kshatriya'

Khazana-i-Amra : Main treasury

Khidmatgar : An attendant; a servant

Khillat : A robe of honour generally conferred by princes

on persons of rank or distinguished

Kiladar : Garrison – master

Kumedan : From commandant (in French)

Madad-i-ma'ash : Aid for subsistence

Maharaja : The great king, the king of kings, a ruler and a

sovereign prince

Mai : Mother : a respectable address to a woman

Majha : Literally the middle country, usually referring to

the territory of Lahore and Amritsar districts of

Punjab.

Malba : The public fund in a village for common village

expenses covering payments of various kinds

including perquisites of officials but not the land

revenue; also one of the habubat paid by the

tenant to the proprietor

Malik-i-adna : Literally, inferior proprietor, like Chakdar

Malik-i-ala : Literally a superior proprietor; he had a

recognized right over land and claim to certain

share in the produce, usually ranging from 1.5 to

10 percent

Malwa : Land of the Malwaeis or Malois

Maund : A unit of weight consisting of 40 sers.

Mauza : A village, an estate

Misal : A Sikh confederacy, also used for the territory or

troops of a Sikh Sardar; a file

Misaldar : Belonging to a Sikh Misal; holder of a portion of

the Misal

Misr : A name or a title given to Brahmins

Moharana : A cess charged for affixing the government seal

Mukhtar-i-Kar : An agent or a deputy

Mukhtiar : An agent, an accredited representative

Mulahiza shud : Examined or verified, inspected

Mumtaz-ud-

Daulah

: Eminent in the State

Munshi : A writer, a scribe, secretary, interpreter or

language-master; also title of respect for a literary

Muqadam : A village headman

Mutsaddi : An accountant, a clerk

Muwajib : Salaries, rewards or wages

Nanakshahi

(sikka)

: A Sikh rupee coin, a coin current in the Sikh

times of the value of sixteen annas

Nazar : An offering to a superior or a holy person

Nazarana : A tribute from a tributary or a dependant on

regular basis or on special occasions

Nazim : The governor of a province

Panch : Elected representative of the people

Panchayat : A village court of arbitration consisting of five or

more members. It was the lowest rung in the

hierarchy of judicial administration, here used for

the executive council of a Sikh regiment elected

by troops

Pandit : A learned Brahmin. Literary a wise or learned

man

Pargna : A tract of country consisting of generally fifty to

hundred villages

Pashmina : A kind of fine wool; woolen goods

Patta : A deed of lease, a document given to the revenue

payer

Patti : A part or a portion of a village, generally being the

sub division of a taraf; a share in a village

Patwari : A village accountant, a revenue official

Pir : A spiritual guide among the Muslims

Qanungo : A hereditary keeper of the revenue records at the

Pargna or the talluqa level

Rabi : The spring crop generally sown in October-

November and reaped in April-May

Rai : A title of respect bestowed by Sikh ruler of many

of their dignitaries; a Hindu Chief

Raja : A king, a prince a title of high rank

Raja-i-Rajgan : A ruler of rulers, a title

Sabt-i-Sarishta-i-

Hazur shud

: Registered in the privy office

Sahukar : A banker, a money-lender

Sa'ir : Custom duties or taxes other than the land

revenue

Samat : An era, Bikrami

Sanad : Royal ordinance, a deed or grant from a

competent authority

Sarai : A resting place for travellers

Sardar : A chief, a commander, a form of address for all

respectable Sikhs and Afghan chiefs

Sarkar : Government, king's court; a title by which

Maharaja Ranjit Singh was popularly addressed

by his people

Saropa : A dress from head to foot, a dress of honour

Sati : A wife who burns herself on the funeral pyre of

her dead husband

Sauni (kharif) : Autumn harvest

Shaikh : The head of a Muslim religious brotherhood or

fraternity

Shukrana : A present of thanks-giving

Sikh : A Sikh (Sanskrit shishya) means a disciple, a

learner, a follower of the Sikh religious order

founded by Guru Nanak

Singhara : The water chestnut, an edible water root

Siropa : Literally from head to foot; a dress of honour

Suba : A province, a division of a kingdom

Subedar : The governor of a province

Swar : A horsemen

Talluqa : An administrative unit of an area

Tappa : The sub division of the talluqa or the pargna,

containing a varying number of villages

Taraf : The primary division of a village

Thana : A garrison stationed usually in a newly conquered

territory

Tirni : Fodder tax from the Sikh jagirdars

Topkhana : Arsenal or magazine or Artillery

Toshakhana : A storeroom, a ward robe, chamber in which

objects of value or rare articles are kept

Toshakhania : An Officer incharge of toshakhana

Trak : A unit of weight in Kashmir, said to be equal to

about 4½ Lahore sers or 1/6th of a Kharwar

Vakil : An ambassador, agent, or representative

Wazarat : The office held by a Wazir or minister

Wazir : Lieutenant of a king, a counsellor of a state, a

minister

Zabti : A method of assessment based on measurement

and applied commonly to perishable and superior

crops

Zafar Jang : Winner of Battles

Zamindar : A land-lord, proprietor or an occupant of land

Zamzama : A famous cannon known as top Bhangian