public disclosure authorized - world bank...standard international trade classification (sitc, rev....
TRANSCRIPT
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COMMODITY TRADE AND PRICE TRENDS
Tendances du commerce et des prix des produits de base
Tendencias del comercio y de los precios de los productos basicos
Distributed for the World Bank THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS Baltimore and London
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS (The statistical data precede each chart)
I. INTRODUCTION vi
Standard International Trade Classification for Selected Commodities viii
Economic Classes and Rcgiom x
Conventional Symbob Used x
II. PRIMARY COMMODITY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: 1984-85 xi
III. TRADE
Table l: Value of Primary Commoditie' and Manufactures as a Percentage of Total Exports. 1970, 1980, and 1983 2
Table 2: Value of Primary Commodities and Manufactures as a Percentage of Total Imports, 1970, 1980, and 1983 3
Table 3: Volume, Value and Unit Value Export Indices, I 960-84 4
Table 4: Terms of Trade Indices, I 960-84 5
Table 5: Value Indices of Direction of World Exports, 1960-84 6
Table 6: Market Shares of World Trade by Economic Classes. 1960-84 (percent) 7
Table 7: Commodity/Country Matrix of Exports of Selected Primary Commodities from Developing Countries, Value, Average 1981-83 8
Table 8: Country Share of World Commodity Exports, Average 1981-83 (percent) 14
Table 9: Commodity Share of Country Total Exports, Average 1981-83 (percent) 20
Table l 0: Developing Countries' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 26
Table ll: Developing Countries' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 28
Table 12: Developing Countries' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (1,000 metric tons) 30
Table 13: Developing Countries' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 32
Table 14: Industrial Market Economies' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 34
Table 15: Industrial Market Economies' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 36
Table 16: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 38
Table 17: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 40
Table 18: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Selected Commodities from Developing Countries and the World, 1981-83 Average ( l ,000 metric tons) 42
Table 19: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Selected Commodities from Developing Countries and the World, 1981-83 Average (million US dollars. c.i.f.) 43
IV. PRICE AND FREIGHT RATE INDICES 44
Table 20: Selected Price lndice,, 1960-84 Price Indices of GOP at Market Prices:
OECD-Total United States
US Producer Price Index Manufacturing Unit Value Index (MUV) 45
Table 21: Purchasing Power Index of Primary Commodities Exported by Developing Countries in Terms of Imported Manufactures, 1948-85 46
Table 22: Ocean Freight Rates and Indices, 1960-85 47
V. PRICES 48
FOODS 48
Beverages
Cocoa, Accra, spot New York Cocoa, ICCO, New York & London 49
Coffee, MAMS, spot New York
Coffee, !CO Indicator Price, other milds, ex-dock New York
Coffee, Brazilian Santos 4, spot New York Coffee, Angolan Ambriz 2AA, spot New York 50
Tea, Sri Lankan, London Auction Tea, Northern India, London Auction Tea, Kenyan, London Auction Tea, Average All Tea. London Auction 51
Cereals
Rice, Thai, f.o.b. Bangkok Rice, US, f.o.b. mill 52
Grain Sorghum, US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 53
Maize. Argentine, c.i.f. Rotterdam Maize. US No. 2. f.o.b. Gulf ports 54
Wheat, US. Soft Red Winter. f.o.b. Atlantic ports Wheat. Canadian, Western Red Spring, basis in store.
Thunder Bay 55
Sugar
Sugar, World, raw. f.o.b. Caribbean ports Sugar, London, raw, c.i.f. UK 56
Meat
Beef, US import. frozen. f.o.b. port of entry Beef, Argentine, f.o.b. unit value of exports to
EEC 57
Lamb, New Zealand. London market 58
Fruits and Spices
Bananas, Ecuadorian, fresh, c.i.f. Hamburg Bananas, any origin, fresh, f.o.h. port of entry 59
Pepper, any origin, black, spot New York 60
Oilseeds, Oils, Cakes, and Meals
Copra, Philippines. c.i.f. European ports Coconut Oil, Philippines/Indonesia, c. i. f. Rotterdam 61
Groundnut Meal, Indian, c.i.f. European ports Groundnut Oil, Nigerian, c.i.f. European ports 62
Linseed, Canadian No. l, c.i.f. European ports Linseed Oil, Argentine, c.i.f. Europe 63
Palm Kernels, Nigerian, c.i.f. European ports Palm Oil, Malaysian, c.i.f. European ports 64
Soybeans, US, c.i.f. Rotterdam
Soybean OiL US/any origin. f.o.b .. ex-mill Soybean MeaL US. c.i.f.. Rotterdam 65
FishmeaL Peruvian/other origins. c & f Hamburg 66
NON-FOODS 67
Fibers
Cotton, US. c.i.f. Liverpool Cotton. Egyptian. c. i. f. Liverpool Cotton. "A" Index. c.i.f. North Europe 68
Burlap. US. spot New York 69
Jute. Bangladesh. White C. c.i.f. Dundee Jute. Bangladesh. White D. f.o.b. Chittagong/Chalna 70
SisaL East African. UG. c.i.f. European ports Sisal. Kenyan/Tanzanian. c.i.f. London 71
Wool. New Zealand. 56's, Dominion Auction. c.i.f. UK 72
Rubber
Rubber. natural. RSS I. spot London Rubber. natural. RSS I. spot New York 73
Timber
Logs. Philippines. lauan. average wholesale price in Japan Logs. West African. sapelli. f.o.b. Cameroon 74
Plywood. Philippines. lauan. spot Tokyo 75
Sawnwood. Malaysian. c.i.f. French ports 76
Tobacco
Tobacco. Indian. export unit value 77
FUELS, METALS, AND MINERALS 78
Fuels
CoaL US. bituminous. f.o.b. US ports 79
Petroleum. Saudi Arabian. OPEC Marker Crude. t.o.b.
Ras Tanura Petroleum. Weighted Average OPEC Crude 80
Petroleum Products 81
Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminum. min. 99.5'k ingot. c.i.f. Europe Aluminum. min. 99.5'71 ingot. LME
Aluminum. 99.57c unalloyed ingot. New York 82
Bauxite. Jamaican. US import reference price 83
Copper. electrolytic wirebar. LME Copper. electrolytic wirebar. New York 84
Lead. soft pigs. LME Lead. pig, desilverized. New York 85
Tin. standard, LME Tin, pig. Straits, New York 86
Zinc, good ordinary brands. LME Zinc. Prime Western Grade. New York 87
Other Metals and Minerals
Iron Ore, Swedish, c.i.f. Rotterdam Iron Ore, Brazilian. c.i.f. North Sea ports 88
Manganese Ore, Indian. 46-487c Mn, c.i.f. US ports 89
Nickel. Canadian. f.o.b. shipping point Nickel, US Spot. f.o.b. New York 90
SteeL Germany. Fed. Rep .. delivered Oherhausen basis Steel, US, f.o.b. midwestern points 91
Fertilizers
Phosphate Rock. Moroccan, f.a.s. Casablanca 92
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 93
Potassium Chloride. Canadian. f.o.b. Vancouver 94
Triple Superphosphate (TSP). US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 95
Urea. any origin. f.o.b. Europe 96
STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION (SITC, Rev. 2) FOR
SELECTED COMMODITIES
SITC COMMODITY CODE
001.1
001.2 001.3
011.1 011.2 011.3 014
022 022.42
022.43
023 024
034 035
036
037
041 042 043 044 045.92
054.1 054.2
054.4 054.5 056.5 057.1
057.2 057.3
Animals of the bovine species (including buffaloes).
live Sheep and goats. live Swine. live
Meat of bovine animals. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat of sheep and goats. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat of swine. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat and edible meat offals. prepared or preserved. n.e.s.: fish extracts
Milk and cream Milk (other than whey) in powder or granules containing not more than 1.5'/c by weight of fat Milk (other than whey) and cream. in powder or granules containing more than I.Sck by weight of fat
Butter Cheese and curd
Fish. fresh. (live or dead). chilled. or frozen Fish. dried. salted or in brine: smoked fish (whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process) Crustaceans and molluscs. whether in shell or not. fresh. chilled. frozen. salted. or dried Fish. crustaceans. and molluscs. prepared or preserved. n.e.s.
Wheat (including spelt) and meslin. unmilled
Rice Barley. unmilled Maize (corn). unmilled Sorghum. unmilled
Potatoes. fresh or chilled (not including sweet potatoes) Beans. peas. lentils. and other leguminous vegetables. dried. shelled. whether or not skinned or split Tomatoes, fresh or chilled Other fresh or chilled vegetables Vegetables. preserved or prepared. n.e.s. Oranges. mandarins. clementines. and other similar citrus hybrids. fresh or dried Other citrus fruit. fresh or dried Bananas (including plantains). fresh or dried
057.4 Apples. fresh 057.51 Grapes. fresh 057.71 Coconuts. fresh or dried (excluding copra). shelled or
not 057.96 Dates. fresh or dried 058.3 Jams. marmalades. fruit jellies. fruit purees. and fruit
pastes. being cooked preparations. whether or not containing added sugar
058.5 Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices. unfennented. whether or not sugar added but not containing spirib
061.1 061.2
071.1
071.2 0721 0722 072.31
072.32 074.1 075.1
OS1.3
081.31
081.32
081.41
081.42
112.1 112.3
121
211
Sugars. beet and cane. raw. solid Refined sugars and other products of refining beet and cane sugar. solid
Coffee. whether or not roasted or freed of caffeine: coffee husks and skins: coffee substitutes containing coffee in any proportion Extract>. essences or concentrates of coffee. etc. Cocoa beans. whole or broken. raw or roasted Cocoa powder. unsweetened Cocoa paste (in hulk or in block). whether or not defatted Cocoa butter (fat or oi I)
Tea Pepper of the genus "Piper": pimento of the genus "Capsicum .. or of the genus .. Pi menta ..
Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of vegetable oils Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of soya beans Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of groundnuts Flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage). unfit for human consumption: greaves Flours and meals of fish. crustaceans. or molluscs. unfit for human consumption
Wine of fresh grapes (including grape must) Beer made from malt (including ale. stout. and porter)
Tobacco. unmanufactured; tobacco refuse
Hides and skins (except fur skins). raw
222.1 222.2 222.3 222.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8
232
245 246 247. 247.2 248 248.1 248.2
248.3
263.1 264
265.4
265.5
265.9 26S.I 268.2
271.3
281 287.
2H7.3l 2S7.32 287.4
Groundnuts (peanuts). green. whether or not shelled
Soya beans Cottonseeds Sunflower seeds Rape and colza seeds Copra Palm nub and palm kernels Linseed Castor oil seeds Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit. n.e.s.
Natural rubber latex: natural rubber and similar natural gums
Fuel .... ood (excluding wood waste) and wood charcoal Pulpwood <including chips and wood waste) Sawlogs and veneer logs. of coniferous species Saw log~ and veneer log:-.. of non-coniferous :-.pccies Wood. simply worked. and railway sleepers of wood Railway or tramway sleepers (ties) of "ood Wood of coniferous species. sawn. planed. tongued.
gmoved. etc. Wood of non-coniferous species. sawn. planed.
tongued. grooved. etc.
Cotton (other than linters). not carded or combed Jute and other textile bast fibers. n.e.s .. raw or processed hut not spun: tow and waste thereof Sisal and other fibers of the agave family. rav. or
processed but not spun: waste of such fibe" Manila hemp (abaca) ("Musa textilis"). raw or processed but not spun: tow and waste of Manila hemp Vegetable textile fibers. n.e.s .. and waste of such fibers Sheep's or lambs' wool. greasy or fleece-washed Sheep's or lambs wool. degreased. whether or not bleached or dyed in the mass. not carded or combed
Natural calcium phosphates. natural aluminum calcium phosphates. apatite. and phosphatic chalk
Iron ore and concentrates Copper ores and concentrates: copper matte: cement
copper Aluminum orcs and concentrates Alumina (aluminum oxide) Lead ores and concentrates
2K7.5 287.6
287.7
PJ
333
334
411 I
411.3
423.2 423.3 423.4 423.5 423.6 423.91 42-U 424.2 424.3
424.4 424.5
652
654.5
6lQ.
61\3. 684. 685.1 ti86.1 6ll7. I
Zinc nrcs and concentrates
Tin ores and concentrates
Manganese orcs and concentrates
CoaL lignite. and peat
Petroleum crude. and crude oils obtained from bituminous mineruls Petroleum products. refined
rats and oils of fish and marine mammals. whether or not retlncd
Animal oib. fats. and greases. n.c.s.
Soya bean Cotton seed
Gmundnut tpeanu() Olive oil Sunllower seed oil
Rape. colza. and mustard oils Linseed nil
Palm oil Coconut (copra) oil
Palm kernel
Castor oil
Cotton fabrics. woven (not including natmw or special
fabrkcs)
Fabrics. woven. of JUte tlr tlf other textile bast fibers of
heading 264.0
Copper and copper alloys. refined or not, unwrought
Ni<:kel and nickel alloys. unwrought (ingot>, pigs, etc.
Aluminum ami aluminum alloys. unwrought Lead and lead alloys. unwmught Zinc and zinc alloys. unwrought <hlncb. plates. etc.
Tin and tin alloy:-,, unwrought (blocks. ingots. etc.)
Suurn': United Nati(m:-,. : .. ;twulard lmcnuuional Tuttle ( "/assi!ication
RtTJ:,ion ..!, Stali'ilH:al Papers. Sene:-. f'vL No. 34rRev.2.
ix
-------------------------------------------------............ ..
xii
PRIMARY COMMODITY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: 1984-85
Primary commodity prices have followed an unusual path in the recent post-recession period of 1983-85. Unlike previous economic recoveries that were accompanied by an upsurge of primary commodity prices, the latest post-recession period has been characterized by sharp price increases during the early phase of recovery and subsequent sharp declines in the midst of ongoing but restrained economic expansion. More surprisingly, by the middle of 1985. primary commodity prices in US dollar terms had fallen below the recession lows of 1982 to a record low for the post-World War II period in terms of the terms of trade vis-a-vis export prices of manufactures.
Peculiarities of the 1983-85 recovery of the market economies clearly have been a key factor in the behavior of primary commodity prices. The recovery. which has been weak and uneven, had, by early 1985, lost much of its momentum. Primary commodity prices increased sharply in 1983 in response to the strong economic recovery in the United States and, later. in Japan. However, economic growth in the rest of the market economies continued to stagnate well into 1984. The growth of gross national product (GNP) of European countries that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop·ment (OECD) averaged only 1.4 percent and 2.4 percent for 1983 and 1984, respectively, while industrial production grew by only I. I percent and 3 percent. Many developing market economies also failed to grow because, among other things, of adjustments to their large external debt. Growth in 1985 has been disappointing in practically all the market economy countries, even for the developing countries of East Asia.
Supplies of primary commodities, the exchange rate of the US dollar, and the real interest rate moved adversely for primary commodity producers early in 1984, a time at which expectations of a sizable growth in demand began to dissipate. Agricultural production, particularly of grains, cotton, and oilseeds, returned to record high levels after the J 982-83 shortfalls that had been caused by bad weather and the acreage-reduction program of the United States. Continuing favorable weather conditions in most large producing countries and government -supported prices, particularly in the United States and European Community, helped boost agricultural output (notably in grains and sugar), preventing stocks from returning to more normal levels. The rise in prices of metals and minerals in 1983 induced sharp increases in supplies from previously idled capacities. This reaction made it painfully clear that market fundamentals for most metals and minerals remain one of excess supply--despite recent
industry restructuring. The high real interest rates that prevailed during 1983-85 exacerbated the situation by reducing inventory holdings to a minimum. The 1981-82 recession led to marked decreases in costs of production in the metals and minerals industries. Some of these decreases in costs (such as those that come from deferring maintenance and "high-grading" of ores) are no doubt temporary measures, but there is evidence that there have been sustainable improvements in productivity that have led to downward revisions in price forecasts for these commodities.
The appreciation of the US dollar undoubtedly acted as a strong depressant to dollar-denominated prices of primary commodities through early 1985. Between the end of 1982 and the end of February 1985. the value of the dollar appreciated by 45 percent against the European currency unit (ECU) and by 15 percent against the special drawing right (SDR). Taking an average estimate of 0.4-0.6 for the elasticity of primary commodity prices with respect to movements in the dollar exchange rate, it is easy to conclude that the negative effect of the dollar appreciation, especially over the period from mid-1984 through early 1985, accounts for most of the decline in primary commodity prices. However, the positive effect of the steady decline in the value of the dollar since early 1985 has not been clearly visible in recent primary commodity price movements. This may be an indication of the severity of the adverse movements in the market fundamentals and the lag required for exchange rate adjustments to work through into commodity prices.
Primary Commodity Price Movements By October 1985. the World Bank's index of thirty-three
nonfuel primary commodity prices had fallen. in current dollar terms, to 82.5 (1977-79 = 100)-a level below that of the recession low of 88.5 in October 1982 (sec Table 4) and one that is almost 20 percent below the post-recession peak reached a year later, For 1985 as a whole, the terms-of-trade index of primary commodities vis-a-l'is manufactured exports is expected to be at a post-World War lJ low (see Table 21).
The latest slump in the prices of primary commodities has been pervasive and severe. In general, agricultural commodity prices fell more than prices of metals and minerals. In October 1985, the price index of agricultural food commodities stood at 73.9 ( 1977-79 = 100); for agricultural nonfood commodities it was 87.8: and the index of metals and minerals was 93.3. The decline from the post-recession peak was steepest for agricultural
food (- 25.5 percent), followed by agricultural nonfood ( - 22.3 percent) and metals and minerals (- 12 percent). Declines were greatest for fats and oils, cereals, and beverages among the agricultural food commodities.
Tea prices led the 1983-84 rise in the beverage price index; the same high prices, however, were a major factor behind price declines in 1984-85. The high prices in 1983 and 1984 were due mainly to stagnant production in the two main producing countries, India and Sri Lanka, and the export limitations imposed by the Indian government in the first half of 1984. The sharp declines in tea prices in 1984-85 followed strong supply responses to the increase in prices in the main tea-exporting countries. India's production, for example, increased from 560.000 tons in 1981-82 to a record of 645,000 tons in 1984. A large portion of the 1984 output increases can be attributed to "coarse plucking"- a practice that is likely to reduce a plant's production potential for up to two years. The poorer-quality leaves that resulted from "coarse plucking" also contributed to the decline in average tea prices.
Cocoa and coffee prices eased in 1984-85 when it became clear that the Ivory Coast would harvest a record cocoa crop and that world production of robusta coffee had increased. As 1985 drew to a close. however, coffee prices rallied strongly with the news that the 1986-87 output from Brazil would be no more than half that of the previous year as a result of drought; the possibility also existed that the 1987-88 harvest would be adversely affected. The sharp reduction in world output and stocks stemming from the loss in Brazilian output foreshadows much improved terms of trade and export earnings for those developing countries that are heavily dependent on coffee exports.
Record harvests of wheat, rice. and maize in 1984-85, combined with shrinking export markets for these commodities, were responsible for the lowest level in the price index for cereals in more than a decade. Extensive subsidies for grain production not only made supplies unresponsive to prices, but also reduced the trade in grains. Except for the Soviet Union, most countries that import grains have steadily been cutting back on purchases: some have even become exporters (indonesia, for example, has become an exporter of rice. while China has recently exported maize).
The latest decline in fats and oils prices has been as equally dramatic as their rise in 1983-84. The effect of the adverse weather conditions that initially touched off the price increases
appears to have been somewhat exaggerated. for world oil seeds production recovered 14 percent in 19X4-g5 and sharply higher
output is forecast for 1985-86. Free market sugar prices reached a low point of 13 cents a
kilogram (13¢/kg) in October 1982. Expectations that output in 1983-84 would be down sharply as a result of adverse weather in the southern hemisphere. caused prices to increase to 23. 7rt /kg in June 1983. These expectations were not fulfilled. and with production being sustained by government-supported price regimes and with an increase in trade restraints. prices fell to a low of 6.1 ¢/kg in June 1985. Prices have recently increased to 12 .Oclkg in the expectation that world consumption would exceed production in 1985-86 after four years of surpluses. There is still no firm sign. however. that excessive stock levels will be quickly reduced: reductions can take place only slowly through increases in consumption. A lessening of producer price supports in many producing countries is necessary to achieve a sensible balance in this market
The 1983-g4 recovery of agricultural raw material prices began to erode as soon as growth in industrial production in the developed countries showed signs of slowing down. Although the US automobile industry continued to enjoy excellent growth through the third quarter of 1985. the rest of the industrial countries experienced a decline in passenger car production in 1984. Total OECD car production and. therefore. demand for rubber. was flat Additional supplies of natural rubber made available by the larger-than-normal production during the winter months worsened the situation for rubber producers. Cotton production in the US rebounded as the acreage-reduction program expired. and increases in production elsewhere (particularly in China) led to a build up of cotton stocks to about 55 percent of annual consumption. as compared with the usual figure of between 33 and 37 percent. Relief for cotton producers from the current low cotton prices depends primarily on policy responses in the United States and China. China has already cut back sharply on producer incentives. but it is difficult to see it being able to clear its cotton stocks for another two to
three years. After increasing slightly in early 1983. metals and minerals
prices headed downward in 1984 despite moderate growth in demand for most metals. Consumption of copper in the market economies experienced a spectacular I I percent growth in 1984. while production of copper was below the level of 1983. However. the price of copper generally declined throughout 1984.
This perversity can be explained only by the US dollar appreciation during this period. Copper prices received a boost in early 1985 when the US dollar began to depreciate. but substantial reductions in industrial demand soon overtook the positive impact of the dollar depreciation to push prices downward. Aluminum experienced a moderate growth in demand (estimated at 3 percent) in 1984. but production cutbacks in the United States were more than offset by increases elsewhere. again stimulated by dollar appreciation. Although growth in demand for aluminum was still positive through the first half of 1985, and production was cut by 3.5 percent for the first eight months of 1985. aluminum prices continued to fall through November 1985. The percentage decline in aluminum prices between 1983 and January-November 1985 was the largest among the metals, mostly because of the industry's inability to restrict production.
Prices of tin. lead. zinc. nickel. manganese ore. and iron ore have fared better than those of copper and aluminum. Although the balance between supply and demand in 1985 for all of these metals has decidedly turned to one of excessive supply. these industries have. until recently. generally managed to restrain production to achieve approximate balance. Lately. however. some of these industries have shown an inability to maintain control over production to defend prices. Tin is a clear example. The International Tin Council (lTC). which had controlled tin production and managed tin buffer stocks to support prices, lost control of the market because of its inability to finance further purchases into buffer stocks and to control the production of nonmembers of the International Tin Agreement.
Prices for crude oil have been steadily declining since 1982. as supplies increased and demand lessened. Producers from countries that are members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have steadily lost market shares as nonmember producers have increased production in response to the supported prices. The attempt to maintain oil prices in the face of increased non-OPEC production and weakening demand has led OPEC producers to reduce production. However. limits to this price-support role are being reached as export revenues decline: the OPEC cartel is currently at a critical point of reconsideration of its role in the market.
Crude oil demand has been under pressure on at least three fronts. First. the substitution towards other fuels and conservation in use has gone on apace since the sharp price increases in the 1970s. Second. the 1981-82 recession. in particular. and generally slow economic growth in the industrial countries over
the past decade have dampened industrial demand for energy. Third, the appreciation of the US dollar has meant that dollarpriced oil has not fallen in domestic-currency terms for Western European countries. even as the price was declining in terms of US dollars.
Trends in Primary Commodity Trade Nonfuel primary commodities are an important source of
export earnings (26.5 percent in 1983) for developing countries (see Table I). although their importance has been declining
steadily over the years. About fifty developing countries rely on primary commodities (including petroleum) for more than half of their export earnings (see Table 9). The developing countries have been playing an increasingly important role in world trade of manufactures and petroleum (at least up to 1980. when OPEC s market share began to decline): in non fuel primary commodity trade. however. their importance has been diminishing. and their share in the market economies· exports of nonfuel primary commodities has declined from 38 percent in 1970 to 35 percent in 1983 (see Table I). It has been the increase in manufactured exports that has propelled the developing countries share in world exports of nonfuel commodities (both primary and manufactured). from 13 percent in 1973 to 16.5 percent in 1984.
In 1984. world exports increased 9 percent by volume and 6 percent by value over 1983 (implying a 3 percent decline in the unit value). This was a remarkable improvement over the preceding three years; world trade volume in 1983. a recovery year. increased only 3 percent. while trade value declined by 2 percent. However. the value of world exports in 1984 was still lower than that of 1980 in current dollar terms.
Primary commodity exports did not fare as well as manufactured goods in the 1984 trade expansion. World export volume of agricultural products increased by 7 percent; minerals (including fuels) increased by 3 percent. while manufactured goods exports increased by 12 percent. Exports of nonfuelmin
erals increased by 4 percent in 1984. following a hefty 7 percent increase in 1983. This pattern of trade expansion is typical during times of economic recovery, but the discrepancy between the export growth rates of non fuel minerals and manufactured goods appears to be unusually large.
Exports of th.e developing countries performed slightly better than the world as a whole in 1984: export volume increased by 10 percent and export value grew by 8.4 percent (see Table 3).
TABLE DES MATIERES (Les statistiques sont indiquees avant le diagramme)
I. INTRODUCTION xviii
Classification type pour le commerce international pour certains produits xx
Categories economiques et regions xxii
Signes conventionnels utilises xxii
II. EVOLUTION DU MARCHE DES PRODUITS DE BASE: 1984-85 xxiii
III. COMMERCE
Tableau I: Valeur des produits de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des exportations en 1970. 1980 et 1983 2
Tableau 2: Valeur des produits de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur to tale des importations en 1970. 1980 et 1983 3
Tableau 3: Indices de volume, de valeur et de valeur unitaire des exportations. 1960-84 4
Tableau 4: Indices des termes de I'echange. 1960-84 5
Tableau 5: Indices de valeur des courants d'exportations mondiales. 1960-84 6
Tableau 6: Parts du marche du commerce mondial par categories economiques, 1960-84 (en pourcentage J 7
Tableau 7: Matrice des exportations de quelques produits de base en provenance des pays en developpement. par produits de base et par pays, valeur moyenne, 1981-83 8
Tableau 8: Part du pays dans les exportations mondiales de produits de base, moyenne, 1981-83 (en pourcentage) 14
Tableau 9: Part du produit dans les exportations de pays, moyenne, 1981-83 (en pourcentage) 20
Tableau I 0: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 26
Tableau II: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 28
Tableau 12: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 30
Tableau 13: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 32
Tableau 14: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche, 1961-84 (milliers des tonnes metriques) 34
Tableau 15: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 36
Tableau 16: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche. 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 3!1
Tableau 17: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche, 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 40
Tableau 18: Importations par les pays industriels a economic de marche de produits de base en provenance de pays en developpement et de !'ensemble du monde, valeur moyenne de Ia periode 1981-83 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 42
Tableau 19: Importations par les pays industriels a economic de marche de produits de base en provenance de pays en cteveloppement et de !'ensemble du monde. valeur moyenne de Ia periode 1981-83 (millions de dollars EU, c.a.f.) 43
IV. INDICES DES PRIX ET DES TAUX DE FRET 44
Tableau 20: Indices de prix selectionnes, 1960-84
Indices des prix du PIB aux prix du marche: OCDE-Total Etats-Unis
Indice des prix a Ia production des EU Indice de Ia valeur unitaire des produits manufactures (VUM) 45
Tableau 21: Indice du pouvoir d'achat des exportations de produits de base par les pays en developpement en fonction des importations de produits manufactures, 1948-85 46
Tableau 22: Taux de fret et indices des taux de fret par voie maritime, 1960-85 47
V. PRIX 48
PRODUITS AUMENT AIRES 48
Boissons
Cacao. Accra. comptant New York Cacao, OIC. New York et Londres 49
Cafe. MAMS. comptant New York Cafe. prix indicatif de ·'JCO". autres doux. New
York Cafe. bresilien Santos 4, comptant New York Cafe. angolais Ambriz 2AA. comptant New
York 50
The. sri-lankais, encheres Londres The. Inde du Nord. encheres Londres The. kenyen. encheres Londres The, moyenne gem'rale. encheres Londres 51
Cereales
Riz, thallandais. f.o.b. Bangkok Riz. EU. f.o.b. usine 52
Sorgho. EU. f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexique 53
Ma'is. argentin. c.a.f. Rotterdam Ma'is. EU, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexique 54
Ble, EU. "Soft Red Winter," f.o.b. ports atlantiques Ble. canadien "Western Red Spring," entrepot
Thunder Bay 55
Sucre
Sucre, mondial. brut, f.o.b. et arrimage ports antillais Sucre. Londres, brut, c.a.f., Royaume-Uni 56
Viandes
Boeuf. conge I e. EU. viandes importees, f.o.b. port d'entree
Boeuf, argentin, valeur unitaire de Ia CEE 57
Agneau, Nouvelle-Zelande. Londres 58
Fruits et epices
Bananes, equatoriennes, c.a.f. Hambourg Bananes. toute origine. f.o.b. port d'entree 59
Poivre noir. toute origine. comptant. New York 60
Graines oleagineuses, huiles, tourteaux et moulus
Copra, Philippines, c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de coco. Phi-Iippines/lndonesie, c.a.f. Rotterdam 61
Farine d'arachide. toutc origine. c.a.f. ports europeens Huile d'arachide, nigerianc, c.a.f. ports europeens 62
Graine de lin. canadienne. c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de graine de lin. argentine. c.a.f. Europe 63
Palmistes, nigerians, c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de palme, malaisienne, c.a.f. ports europeens 64
Graines de soja. EU, c.a.f. Rotterdam Huile de soja. EU/toute origine. c.a.f. Rotterdam Farine de soja, EU, c.a.f. Rotterdam 65
Farine de poisson. peruvienne/autres origines. c & f Hambourg 66
PRODUITS NON ALIMENT AIRES 67
Fibres
Cot on, EU, c .a. f. Liverpool Coton, egyptien, c.a.f. Liverpool Coton, lndice "A", c.a.f. Nord de !'Europe 68
Toile de jute. EU comptant New York 69
Jute, Bangladesh, "White C", c .a. f. Dundee Jute, Bangladesh, "White D", f.o.b. Chittagong/
Chalna 70
Sisal, est-africain, OUG. c.a.f. ports europeens Sisal, kenyen/tanzanien, c. a. f. Londres 71
Laine, Nouvelle-Zelande. 56. encheres Dominion. c.a.f. RU 72
Caoutchouc
Caoutchouc, nature!, RSS I, comptant, Londres Caoutchouc, nature!, RSS I, comptant, New York 73
Bois de charpente
Bois en grumes, lauan, Philippines, en gros. Japon Bois en grumes. ouest-africain. sapelli. f.o.b.
Cameroun 74
Bois contre-playue, lauan Philippines, comptant Tokyo 75
Bois de sciage. malaisicn. c.a.f. ports fran<;ais 76
Tabac
Tabac. indien, valeur unitaire a !'exportation 77
CARBURANTS, METAUX ET MINERAUX 78
Carburants
Charbon, EU bitumineux. f.o.b. ports des EU 79
Petrole. saoudien. brut de reference OPEP, f.o.b. Ras Tanura
Petrole. moyenne ponderee brut OPEP 80
Produits petroliers 81
Metaux non ferreux
Aluminium, min. 99.5'7c, !ingots, c.a.f. Europe Aluminium, !ingots locaux purs, 99,5'7c, New York Aluminium, !ingots. min. 99,5%, Londres 82
Bauxite, jamaiquain, prix de reference des EU 83
Cuivre, electrolytiyue, Londres Cuivre, electrolytique, New York 84
Plomb, mou, en saumons, Londres Plomb, en saumons, desargente, New York 85
Etain. standard. Londres Etain. en saumons, lnsulinde. New York 86
Zinc, bonnes marques ordinaires, Londres Zinc, "Prime Western Grade", New York 87
Divers metaux et mineraux
Minerai de fer. suedois. c.a.f. Rotterdam Minerai de fer. bresilien, c.a.f. ports de Ia mer du
Nord 88
Minerai de manganese, indien. c.a.f. ports des EU 89
Nickel, canadien. f.o.b. port embaryuement NickeL EU, comptant. f.o. b. New York 90
Acier. Allemagne. Rep. fed .. rendu Oberhausen Acier. EU, f.o.b. Etab du centre des EU 91
Engrais
Phosphate nature!, marocain. f.a.s. Casablanca 92
Phosphates ammoniacaux, EU, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexiyue 98
Chlorurc de potasse, canadien. f.o.h. Vancouver 94
Triple superphosphate (TSP), EU ports du Golfe du Mexique 95
Uree. toute origine, f.o.b. Europe 96
- ~----~------------------
CLASSIFICATION TYPE POUR LE COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL (CTCI, Rev. 2) POUR CERTAINS PRODUITS
INDICATIF CTCI
001 I
001.2
001.3
Oil. I
011.2
011.3
0!4
022 02242
02243
023 024
034 035
036
037
041 042 043 044 045.92
054.1
PRODUIT
Animaux vivants de l'espece bovine (y compris les animaux du genre buftle) Animaux vivants des especes <>Vine et caprine Animaux vivants de l'espece porcine
Viandes de l'espece bovine. fraiches. refrigerees ou
congeh~es
Viandes des especes ovincs. fraiches. refrigerees ou conge lees Viandes de l'espece porcine. fraiches. refrigerees ou
conge lees Preparations ou conserves de viandes. n.d.a.: extraits de
poisson
Lait et creme de lait Lait (a !'exception du lactoserum). en poudre ou granules d'une teneur en poids de matieres grasses inferieure ou egale a I .59< Lait (a !'exception du lactoserum) et creme de lait. en poudre ou granules d'une teneur en poids de matieres grasses superieure a 1,5o/c Beurre Fromage et caillebotte
Poissons frais (vivants ou morts). rcfrigeres ou congeles Poissons seches. sales ou en Saumure: poissons fumes (meme cuits avant ou pendant le fumage) Crustaces et mollusques. y compris les coquillagcs (meme separes de leur carapace ou coquille). frais (vivants ou morts). refrigen~s. congeh's. seches. sales ou en saumure: crustaces non decortiques. simplement
cuits a l'eau Poissons. crustaces et mollusques, prepares ou conserves, n.d.a.
Froment (y compris l'epeautre) et meteil non moulus Riz Orge non monde Ma'is non moulu Sorgho non moulu
Pommes de terre fraiches ou refrigen~es (a !'exception des palates douces)
054.2
054.4 054.5
056.5 057.1
057.2 057.3
057.4 057.51 057.71
057.96 058.3
058.5
061.1 061.2
071.1
071.2
072.1 072.2 072.31
072.32
074.1 075.1
081.3
Legumes a cosse sees, ecosses. memc ctecortiques ou casses Tomales fraiches ou refrigerees Autres legumes et plantes potageres. a l'etat frais ou n~frigere
Legumes prepares ou conserves. n.d.a. Oranges. mandarines. clementines ou autres hybrides similaires d'agrumes. frais ou sees Autres agrumes. frais ou sees Bananes (y compris les bananes des Antilles). fraiches ou seches Pommes fraiches Raisins t'rais Noix de coco fraiches ou seches (a !'exclusion du coprah). memc sans leurs coques ou decortiquees Dattes fraiches ou seches Purees et pates de fruits, confitures. gelees. marmelades. obtenues par cuisson. avec ou sans addition de sucre Jus de fruits (y compris les mouts de raisins) ou de legumes, non fermentes. sans addition d'alcool, avec ou sans addition de sucre
Sucres de betterave et de canne. bruts a l'etat solide Sucre raffine et autres produits provenant du raffinage du sucre de betterave ou de canne, a l'etat solide
Cafe, meme torrefie ou decafeine; coques et pellicules de cafe: succedanes du cafe con tenant du cafe. quelles que soient les proportions du melange Extraits ou essences de cafe et preparations il base de ces extraits ou essences: chicoree torrefiee et autres succedanes torrefies du cafe et leurs extraits Cacao en feves et brisures de feves. bruts ou torrefies Cacao en poudre, non sucre Cacao en masse ou en pains (pate de cacao). meme
degraisse Beurre de cacao. y compris Ia graisse et I 'huile de cacao The Poivre (du genre "Piper"): piments (du genre "Capsicum" et du genre "Pimenta")
Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction des huiles vegetales, a !'exclusion des lies
ou feces
081.31
081.32
081.41
081.42
112.1 112.3
121
211
222.1 222.2 222.3
222.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8
232
245
246
247.1 247.2 248
248.1 248.2 248.3
263.1
Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction de soja, a !'exclusion des lies ou feces Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction d'arachides, a !'exclusion des lies ou feces Farines et poudres de viandes et d'abats (y compris les rcsidus de graisse)' impropres a ]'alimentation humaine: cretons Farines et poudres de poissons. crustaccs ou mollusques. impropres a !'alimentation humaine
Vins de raisins frais (y compris les mouts de raisins) Biere' (y compris !'ale. le stout et le porter)
Tabacs bruts ou non fabriques: dechets de tabac
Cuirs et peaux (a !'exception des pelleteries). bruts
Arachides non grillees. decortiquees ou non Feves de soja Graines de coton Graines de toumesol Graines de navette et de colza Coprah Noix et amandes de palmiste Graines de lin Graines de ricin Graines et fruits oleagineux, n.d.a.
Latex de caoutchouc nature!: caoutchouc nature! et gommes naturelles analogues
Bois de chauffage (a !'exclusion des dechets de bois) et charbon de bois Bois de trituration (y compris les plaquettes et les dechets de bois) Bois de coniferes pour sciage ou placage Bois autres que de coniferes. pour sciage ou placage Bois, simplement travailles, et traverses en bois pour voies fem~es Traverses en bois pour voies ferrees Bois de coniferes. scies, rabotes, raines. languetes. etc. Bois autres que de coniferes, scies, rabotes. raines, languetes. etc.
Coton (non compris les linters) en masse
264
265.4
265.5
265.9 268.1 268.2
271.3
281 287.
287.31 287.32 287.4 2tn.s 287.6 287.7
322
333 334
411.1
411.3
423.2 423.3 423.4 423.5 423.6 423.91
424.1
Jute et autre' fibres textiles libcriennes. n.d.a .. bruts. deeortiques ou autrement traites mais non files~ etoupes et deehets de ces fibres (y compris les effilochcs) Sisal et autres fibres de Ia famille des agaves. bruts ou travailles. mais non files: dechets de ces fibre' (y compris les effiloches) Abaca (chanvre de Manille ou "Musa textilis") brut. en filasse ou travaille. mais non file: etoupes et dechets. d'abaca (y compris les cffiloches) Fibres textiles vcgetales. n.d.a .. et dechets de ces fibres Laines en suint ou lavees a dos Laine degraissee. blanchie. teinte ou non teinte. en
masse
Phosphates de calcium naturels. phosphates aluminocalciques naturels. apatite et craies phosphatees
Minerais de fer ct conccntrcs Minerais de cuivrc. mfme enrichis; mattes de cuivre; cuivre de cement Minerais d'aluminium, meme enrichis Alumine (oxyde d'aluminium) Minerais de plomb, meme enrichis Minerais de Line. meme enrichis Minerais d'etain. mcme enrichis Minerais de manganese, meme enrichis (y compris les minerais de fer mangant!siferes d'une tencur en manganese de 20'7c ou plus en poids)
Houilles, lignites et tourbe
Huiles brutes de petrole ou de mineraux bitumineux Produits raffincs du pctrole
Graisses et huiles de poissons et de mammiferes marin~. meme raffinees Huiles, grais"cs ct corp~ gra~ (foriginc animalc. n.d.a.
Huile de soja Huile de coton Huik d'arachide Huilc d'olive Huile de toumesol Huiles de navctte. de col1.a et de moutarde Huile de lin
424.2 424.3 424.4 424.5
652
654.5
682.1
683.1
684 685.1 686.1
687.1
Huile de palme Huile de noix de coco ( coprah) Huile de palmiste Huile de ricin
Tissus de coton (a !'exception des ti>sus en petite largeur et des tissus speciaux) Tissus de jute ou d'autres fibres textiles liberiennes du sous-group 264.0
Cuivre brut (cuivre pour affinag:e et cuivre affine). y compris les a!liages de cuivre Nickel et a!liages de nickel. bruts ((!ingots. saumons, ronde!les. cubes et autres formes primaires (a
!'exclusion des anodes pour nickelage)). Aluminium Plomb ct al!iages de plomb. bruts Zinc et alliages de zinc. bruts (en masses, !ingots. plaques. bi!lettes. grenailles et autres formes primaires similaires)
Etain et alliages d'etain. bruts (en masses. !ingots. saumons. plaques. barres. rondclles. baguettes et autres formes primaires similaires)
Source: Natiom. Umes. Cla:-,s!fh·ation type pour le commerce internatumal, rb·isCe 2, eTudes sratisriqm:)·. sirie M. N" 34, rh·. 2.
xxi
xxiv
EVOLUTION DU MARCHE DES PRODUITS DE BASE : 1984-85
Les prix des produits de base ont subi une evolution inhabituelle pendant les annees 1983 a 1985, c'est-a-dire depuis la fin de la recession. Alors que les precedentes reprises economiques s 'etaient accompagnees d 'un boom des prix des produits de base, la demiere s 'est caracterisee par de fortes augmentations des prix pendant sa premiere phase, qui ont ete suivies de fortes baisses dans un climat d 'expansion economique persistante mais peu vigoureuse. Chose encore plus surprenante, au milieu de 1' an nee 1985, Jes prix des produits de base exprimes en dollars des Etats-Unis etaient tombes au-dessous des niveaux de 1982, les plus faibles enregistn's pendant Ia recession et, en fait, par rapport aux prix des exportations de produits manufactures, ils n' avaient jamais ete aussi bas depuis Ia fin de la deuxieme guerre mondiale.
Les particularites de Ia reprise des annees 1983-85 dans Jes economies de marchc ont manifestement jouc un role determinant dans le comportement des prix des produits de base. Cctte reprise, faible et inegale d'un pays a !'autre. avait des le debut de 1985 perdu unc grande partie de son clan. Vigoureuse aux Etats-Unis. puis au Japon. elle a provoque en 1983 une forte hausse des prix des produits de base. Toutefois. dans le reste des economies de marche. Ia croissance economique a continue de stagner pendant une grande partie de I' an nee 1984. Lc produit national brut (PNB) des pays europeens membres de !'Organisation de cooperation et de developpement economiques (OCDE) n'a augmente en moyenne que de 1.4 'k et 2.4 ')( en 1983 et 1984, respcctivement, et Ia croissance de Ia production industrielle a etc de 1.1 'i< et 3 'k seulement. La croissance a egalement ete impossible dans beaucoup de pays en developpement a economic de marc he a cause. notamment. des ajustements qu · appelait leur importante dctte exterieure. L. evolution en 1985 a ete decevante dans pratiquement to us lcs pays a economic de marche. meme les pays en developpement de I'Asie de !'Est.
L'offre de produits de base, le taux de change du dollar des Etats-Unis et le taux d' interet reel ont joue contre les exportations de produits de base au debut de 1984. epoque a laquelle l'espoir d'unc expansion notable de Ia demande a commence a s"estomper. La production agricolc. en particulier Ia production de cereales. de coton et de graines oleagineuses. est remontee a des niveaux records apres les penuries provoquees par les intemperies et le programme de reduction des surfaces cultivees aux Etats-Unis. La persistance de conditions climatiques favorables dans Ia plupart des principaux pays producteurs et Ia
poursuite d'une politique de soutien des prix. en particulier aux Etats-Unis et dans Ia Communaute europeenne. ont contribue ala gontler (notamment Ia production de cereales et de sucre), et Jes stocks n'ont pu revenir a des niveaux plus normaux. La hausse de prix des metaux et des mineraux en 1983 a provoque de fortes augmentations de I' offre en provenance de sources precedemment inexploitees. Cette reaction ademontre que, malheurcusement. l'excedent de l'offre restait l'une des principales caracteristiques du marche pour Ia plupart des metaux et mineraux - malgre Ia recente restructuration de I' industrie. Les taux d'interet reels cleves de Ia periode 1983-85 ont aggrave Ia situation en incitant les acheteurs a reduire les stocks a un minimum. La recession de Ia peri ode 1981-82 a provoque des compressions marquees des couts de production dans le secteur des metaux et des mineraux. Certaines de ces reductions (com me celles dues a l'ajournement d'operations d"entretien eta !'abandon de !'exploitation des gisements de minerai~ de faible teneur) sont certainement temporaires. mais il s'est manifestement produit des ameliorations durables de Ia productivitc qui ont conduit a reviser en baisse les previsions de prix pour ces produits de base.
La valorisation du dollar des Etats- U nis a incontestablement contribue fortement a Ia depression des prix Jibelles en dollars des produits de base jusque pendant les premiers mois de 1· an nee 1985. Entre Ia fin de 1982 et fevrier 1985. Ia valeur du dollar a augmente de 45 'i< par rapport a celle de !'unite monetaire curopeenne (ECU) et de 15 'k par rapport a celle du droit de tirage special (DTS). Si !'on estime en moyenne a 0.4-0.6 l'elasticite des prix des produits de base en fonction des mouvements du taux de change du dollar. il est facile de conclure 4ue l'effet ncgatif de Ia valorisation du dollar. spccialement pendant Ia deuxieme moitie de 1984 et le debut de 1985, est Ia principale cause de Ia baisse des prix des produits de base. Toutefois. Ia reduction constante de Ia valeur du dollar depuis les premiers mois de 1985 n' a pas eu d · effet positif evident sur !'evolution de ces prix. 11 faut peut-etre y voir une indication de Ia gravite de I' evolution defavorable des principales forces du marche et du retard avec lequel les ajustcments des taux de change se traduisent par une modification des prix des produits de base.
L'evolution des prix des produits de base En octobre 1985. J'indice de Ia Banque mondiale portant sur
les prix de 33 produits de base autres que les carburants etait
tom be a 82,5 ( 1977-79 = I 00). niveau inferieur a celui le plus bas (88,5) enregistre pendant Ia recession en octobre 1982 (voir le Tableau 4) et qui est de pres de 20 '7c au-dessous du plus eleve enregistre apres la recession un an plus tard. Pour l'annee 1985 prise dans son ensemble. les indices des termes de l'echange des produits de base par rapport aux exportations de produits manufactures tombera sans doute a son niveau le plus bas depuis Ia fin de Ia deuxieme guerre mondiale (voir le Tableau 2 I).
Cette demiere chute des prix des produits de base a ete grave eta peu pres generalisee. En general, les produits agricoles ont ete plus touches que les metaux et les mineraux. En octobre 1985. 1' indice des prix des produits de base alimentaires agricoles se situait a 73,9 (1977-79= 100); pour les produits de base agricoles non alimentaires. il eta it de 87 ,8. et pour les metaux et les mineraux, de 93,3. Les produits agricoles alimentaires sont ceux pour lesquels Ia baisse a cte la plus forte par rapport aux prix les plus eleves enregistres apres Ia recession (- 25.5 c/c). suivis par les produits agricoles non alimentaires (- 22.3 '7c) et les metaux et les mineraux (- 12 '7c ). Parmi les produits agricoles alimentaires. ce sont les graisses et les huiles, les cereales et les boissons qui ont le plus diminue.
C'est le cours du the qui. dans l'indice des prix des boissons. ale plus augmente en 1983-84: toutefois, son prix eleve a ete l'un des principaux facteurs de Ia baisse de 1984-85. Les hausses de 1983 et 1984 s'expliquaient surtout par Ia stagnation de Ia production dans deux des principaux pays producteurs. l'Inde et Sri Lanka. et par des restrictions a !'exportation imposees par Je Gouvernement indicn pendant Je premier sernestre de 1984. La forte baisse des prix du the en 1984-85 a ete due a Ia forte reaction de I' offre a cette augmentation des prix dans les principaux pays exportateurs. Par exernple. Ia production de l'Inde est passee de 560.000 tonnes en 1981-82 a un chiffre record de 645.000 tonncs en 1984. Les augmentations de Ia production en 1984 peuvent etre attribuees en grande partie a Ia pratique de Ia "cueillette grossiere .. - qui reduit Je plus souvent le potentiel de production pendant une pcriode allant jusqu·a deux ans. La qualite infericure des feuilles obtenues par ce mode de cueillette a egalement contribue a Ia baisse des prix moycns du the.
Les prix du cacao et du cafe ont marque le pas en 1984/85. quand on a su que Ia Cote d' I voire aurait une recolte record de cacao et que Ia production mondialc de cafe robusta avait augmente. Toutcfois. vers Ia fin de 1985. les prix du cafe se sont considerablcment raffermis. a Ia nouvelle que Ia production
bresilienne pour 19S6/87 ne depasserait pas Ia moitie de cclle de Ia campagne pnScedcnte en raison de Ia secheresse: il etait aussi possible que Ia recolte de Ia campagne 1987/88 soit touchee. La forte reduction de Ia production ct des stocks mondiaux due a Ia faible nScolte bresilienne laisse prcvoir une nette amelioration des termes de l"echangc et des rccettes d"exportation des pays en dcveloppement dont !"economic est lourdement tributaire des exportations de cafe.
Une recolte record de ble. de riz et de mai·s en 1984185. combinee a un amenuiscment des debouches s"offrant a ces produits de base. ont fait tomber l"indice des prix des ccreales a son niveau le plus bas depuis plus de 10 ans. Des subventions massives a Ia production de cercales ont non seulement rendu I" offre independante des prix mais aussi reduit le commerce des grains. La plupart des pays importateurs de cereales. !"Union sovietique constitue naturellement unc exception notable. n · ont cesse de reduire leurs achats. Certains sont meme devenus cxportateurs (l'Indonesie. par exemple. de riz. et laChine. rccemmcnt. de ma"is).
La chute recentc des prix des graisses et des huiles a ete tout aussi spectaculaire que leur hausse en 1983-84. L'effet des mauvaises conditions climatiques qui avaient initialcment declenche Ia hausse semble a voir ete quelyuc peu exagere. car I" augmentation de Ia production de graines olcagineuscs a ete de 14 'k en 1984/85 et devrait etre encore tres superieure en 1985/86.
Les prix du sucre sur le marche librc ont attcint un creux de 13 cents le kilogramme en octobre 1982. Les previsions seton lesquelles Ia production de 1983/84 diminuerait considerablemen! a cause des conditions climatiques dCfavorables dans ['hemisphere sud a provoque une hausse des prix. qui ont attcint 23.7 cents le kilogramme en juin 1983. Ces previsions se sont revelees fausses et. Ia production s'etant maintenue sous l'effet de Ia politique de soutien des prix des pouvoirs publics ct d'un renforcement des restrictions aux echanges. les prix sont tombes a 6,1 cents le kilogramme en juin 1985. Ils sont reccmment remontes a 12.0 cents le kilogramme. les previsions ctant yue Ia consommation mondiale serait superieure a Ia production en 1985/86 apres que cclle-ci eut etc excedentaire pendant yuatre ans. Rien ne permet encore toutcfois d'affirmer que les stocks surabondants seront rapidement rcsorbes: leur reduction sera nccessairement lente et subordonncc a des augmentations de Ia consommation. Il faudra yue lcs autoritcs. dam, de nombreux pays producteurs. !event certaines mcsures de soutien des
prix a Ia production pour qu'un equilibre raisonnable puisse s'instaurer sur ce marchc.
La tendance a Ia hausse des prix des matieres premieres agricoles en 1983-84 a commence par se renverser des que Ia croissance de Ia production industrielle dans les pays developpes a montre des signes de ralentissement. Bien yue l'industrie automobile ait continue d'cnregistrer une reprise rernarquable pendant le troisieme trimestre de 1985 aux Etats-Unis.les autres pays industriels ont vu baisser leur production de voitures automobiles en 1984. La production totale de vchicules automobiles dans les pays de l"OCDE et. par consequent Ia demande de caoutchouc. ont stagne. L'augmentation de l'offre de caoutchouc nature!. due a Ia production plus elevee yue Ia normale pendant les mois d'hiver. a aggrave la situation des producteurs. La production de colon aux Etats-Unis est repartie de plus belle. le programme de reduction des superficies cultivees etant arrive a son terme, et les augmentations de Ia production dans d · autres pays (en particulier en Chine) ont provoque Ia constitution de stocks correspondant a 55 9i environ de Ia consommation annuelle. alors qu'ils n"en representent habituellement yue 33 a 37 'k. Tout relevement des prix. actuellemcnt bas, du colon sew subordonne avant tout a Ia politiyue qui sera adoptee aux Etats-Unis et en Chine. La Chine a deja fortemcnt nSduit les incitations a Ia production. mais il est difficile d"envisager yu'elle puisse resorber ses stocks avant deux ou trois ans.
Apres avoir legcrement augmente au debut de 1983. les prix des mctaux et mincraux se sont t1rientes a Ia baisse en 1984. malgre unc croissance modeste de la demande de Ia plupart des rnetaux. On a enregistrc dans les economies de marche une augmentation spectaculairc (II c1r:) de laconsommation de cuivrc en 1984. alors que Ia production etait inferieure a celle de 1'!83. Pourtant.Ies prix du cuivre ont dans I' ensemble diminue pendant toute l'annee 19R4. Ce paradoxc ne peut sexpliyuer yue par Ia valorisation du dollar des Etats-Unis pendant cette periodc. Les prix du cuivre ont brusyuement augmente au debut de 19X5, lorsque le dollar des Etats-Unis a commence a se deprt'cier. mais des reductions sensiblcs de Ia dcmande industrielle ont cu vitc fait d'annuler les etTets positifs de ce phenomene monetaire et Ia tendance est revenue a Ia baisse. La demande d'aluminium a aug mente modestement en 1984 (de 3 'k '>cion les estimations). mais les reductions de Ia production aux Etats-Unis ont ete plus yue compem,ees par Ies augmentations yui se sont produites aillcurs. stimulees. elles aussi par Ia valorisation du dollar. Bien que Ia dcmande d'aluminium ait continue d'augmenter pendant
le premier semestre de 1985 et que la production ait diminue de 3,5 '!o pendant les huit premiers rnois de I' an nee. les prix ont continue de baisser jusqu 'a Ia fin du mois de novembre 1985. La baisse en pourcentage des prix de l' aluminium entre 1983 et janvier-novembre 1985 a ete la plus forte enregistree dans le secteur des metaux. principalement parce que ce soussecteur est incapable de restreindre sa production.
Les prix de l'etain. du plomb. du zinc. du nickel. du minerai de manganese et du minerai de fer se sont mieux comportes yue ceux du cuivre et de !'aluminium. Bien que Ia tendance en 1985 a it etc nettement. pour to us ces metaux, a un excedent de l"offre. ces industries ont generalement pu. jusqu'it recemment. restreindre Ia production pour maintenir un eyuilibre approximatif. Cependant. certaines se sont dernierement revelees incapables de contr6ler Ia production pour defendre les prix. L 'etain offre un bon exemple. Le Conscil international de l'etain. qui avait controle la production et gere des stocks regulateurs pour soutenir les prix. a perdu le contr61e du marche parce qu'il ne pouvait plus financer de nouveaux achats destines aces stocks regulateurs ni limiter la production des pays yui ne sont pas parties a !'Accord international sur I"etain.
Les prix du petrole brut n'ont cesse de baisser depuis 1982. I' offre augmentant alors yue Ia demande dirninuait. La part du marche revenant aux Etats membres d !'Organisation des pays exportateurs de petrole (OPEP) n·a ccsse de decliner. leurs concurrents ayant accru leur production pour profiter des prix de soutien. Les pays de l'OPEP. face a l'augmentation de Ia production des autres pays petroliers et a Ia diminution de Ia dcmande. se sont efforces de maintenir les prix en reduisant leur propre production. Toutefois. il leur est difficile d'aller plus loin dans cette politiyue de soutien des prix. a cause de la baisse de leurs exportations: le cartel de l"OPEP en est arrive a un point critique ou il est contraint de reconsidcrer son role sur le marc he.
La contraction de la demande de petrole brut est due a trois f acteurs au moins. Premierement. les fortes hausses des annecs 70 ont provoque !"adoption rapide de mesures en vue de I' utilisation de carburants de remplacement ct de Ia conservation de l"energie. Deuxiemement.la recession de 1981-82, en particulier. et. d'une fa~on generale. Ia faible croissance cconomiyue dans les pays industriels au cours des 10 demieres annees ont reduit Ia demande d'energie de l'industrie. Troisiemement. le prix du petrole. qui est fixe en dollars des Etats-Unis. n'a pas baissc pour les pays europeens. a cause de Ia valorisation du dollar
xxviii
INDICE (Los datos estadisticos preceden a cads grafico)
I. INTRODUCCION XXX
Clasificaci6n Uniforme para el Comercio Intemacional, para praductos seleccionados xxxii
Categorfas econ6micas y regiones xxxiv
Signos convencionales utilizados xxxiv
II. EVOLUCION DEL MERCADO DE PRODUCTOS BASICOS: 1984-85 XXXV
III. COMERCIO
Cuadro 1: Valor de los productos primarios y de los productos manufacturados como porcentaje de las exportaciones totales, I 970. 1980 y 1983 2
Cuadra 2: Valor de los praductos primarios y de los praductos manufacturados como porcentaje de las importaciones totales, 1970, I 980 y 1983 3
Cuadra 3: Indices del volumen. valor y valor unitario de las exportaciones, 1960-84 4
Cuadro 4: Indices de relaci6n de intercambio, I 960-84 5
Cuadra 5: Indices de valores de Ia corriente de exportaciones mundiales, 1960-84 6
Cuadro 6: Participaciones de los mercados en el comercio mundiai, por categorias econ6micas. 1960-84 ( porcenta je l 7
Cuadro 7: Matriz de praducto basico/pafs de las exportaciones de praductos primarios seleccionados de los paises en desarrollo, valor medio en 198 I -83 8
Cuadro 8: Praporci6n del pais en las exportaciones mundiales de praductos basicos, pramedio de 1981-83 (porcentaje) 14
Cuadra 9: Praporci6n del producto basico en las exportaciones del pais, promedio de 1981-83 (porcentajel 20
Cuadro I 0: Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas) 26
Cuadro I I: Exportaciones de los principales praductos basicos de los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrical 28
Cuadra I 2: Importaciones de los principales productos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricasl 30
Cuadro 13: Importaciones de los principaies praductos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrical 32
Cuadro 14: Exportaciones de los principales praductos basicos de los pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de tone Iadas metricas) 34
Cuadra 15: Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos de los pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/ tonelada metrical 36
Cuadra 16: lmportaciones de los principaies praductos basicos de los paises industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricasl 38
Cuadro 17: Importaciones de los principales productos basicos de los pafses industriales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/ tonelada metrical 40
Cuadra 18: I mportaciones de praductos seleccionados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, valor media en 1981-83 (miles de toneladas metricas) 42
Cuadra 19: Importaciones de praductos seleccionados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, valor medio en 1981-83 (millones de US$, c.i.f.) 43
IV. INDICES DE PRECIOS Y DE FLETES 44
Cuadra 20: Indices de precios seleccionados, 1960-84
Indices de precios del P!B a precios de mercado:
Pafses industriales con economfa de mercado
Estados Unidos Indice de precios al productor de los EE.UU. Indice del valor unitario de manufactura (VUMl 45
Cuadra 21: Indice del poder adquisitivo de los praductos primarios exportados por los pafses en desarrollo, en h~rminos de las manufacturas importadas, 1948-85 46
Cuadro 22: Fletes marftimos e indices de fletes marftimos, 1960-85 47
V. PRECIOS 48
PRODUCTOS ALIMENT ARIOS 48
Bebidas
Cacao, Accra, precio al contado, Nueva York Cacao, OIC, precio medio diario 49
Cafe, MAMS, precio al contado, Nueva York Cafe, precio indicativa de Ia OIC, otras suaves,
Nueva York Cafe. brasileiio Santos 4, precio al contado, Nueva
York Cafe, angoleiio Ambriz 2 AA, precio al contado,
Nueva York 50
Te, de Sri Lanka, subasta de Londres Te, Norte de India, subasta de Londres Te. keniano, subasta de Londres Te, promedio generaL subasta de Londres 51
Cereales
Arroz, tailandes, f.o.b. Bangkok Arroz, EE.UU., f.o.b. molino 52
Sorgo en grana, EE.UU., f.o.b., puertos del Golfo de Mexico 53
Mafz, argentino, c.i.f. Rotterdam Mafz. US No. 2, f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de
Mexico 54
Trigo, EE.UU., "Soft Red Winter," f.o.b. puertos del Atlantica
Trigo, canadiense "Western Red Spring," base en almacen, Thunder Bay 55
Azucar
Azucar, mundial, no refinada, f.o.b. puertos del Caribe Azucar, Londres, no refinada, c.i.f. Reino Unido 56
Carne
Carne de vacuno, importada, congelada, EE. UU., f.o. b.
puerto de entrada Carne de vacuno refrigerada. argentina. valor unitario
f.o. b. de ex portacion a Ia CEE 57
Carne de ovino conge!ada. Nueva Zelandia. mercado de Londres 58
Frutas y especias
Bananos. ecuatorianos. frescos. c.i.f. Hamburgo Bananos. de cualquier origen. frescos. f.o.b. puerto de
entrada 59
Pimienta negra. de cualquier origen. precio a! contado. Nueva York 60
Semillas oleaginosas, aceites, tortas y harinas
Copra de Filipinas. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de coco. de Filipinas/Jndonesia, c.i.f
Rotterdam 61
Harina de mani. cualquier origen. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de mani. nigeriano. c.i.f. puertos europeos 62
Linaza. canadiense No. 1 .. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de linaza. argentino. c. i. f. Europa 63
Pepitas de palma. nigerianas. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de palma. malasio. c.i.f. puertos europeos 64
Soya. EE.UU .. c.i.f. Rotterdam Aceite de soya. cualquier origen. c.i.f. Rotterdam Harina de ;\Dya. EE.UU .. c.i.f. Rotterdam 65
Harina de pescado. peruana. c.y f. Hamburgo 66
PRODUCTOS NO ALIMENT ARIOS 67
Fibras
Algodon. EE.UU . c.i.f. Liverpool Algod<in. cgipcio. c.i.f. Liverpool Algod6n. Indices "A ... c. i. f. Norte de Europa 68
Tela de yute. EE.UU .. prccio a! contado. Nueva York 69
Yute. Bangladesh. "Blanco C". c.i f. Dundee Yute. Bangladesh, "Blanco D". f.o.b. Chittagong/
Cha!na 70
Sisal. U.G. de Africa Oriental. c.i.f. puertos europeos Sisal. keniano/tanzaniano. c. i. f. Londrcs 71
Lana, Nueva Zelandia. 56. Dominion. c.i.f. Reina Unido 72
Caucho
Caucho natural. RSS I. precio a! contado, Londres Caucho natural. RSS I. precio a! contado, Nueva York 73
Madera
Trozas. lauan. de Filipinas, precio a! por mayor. Japon Trozas. sapelli. de Africa Occidental. f.o.b. Camerun 74
Madera contrachapada. lauan de Filipinas. prccio a! contado Tokio 75
Madera aserrada. malasia. c.i.f. puertos franceses 76
Tabaco
Tabaco. indio. precio unitario de exportacion 77
COMBUSTIBLES, METALES Y MINERALES 78
Combustibles
Carb6n. EE.UU. bituminoso. f.o.b. puertos de EE.UU. 79
Petr<ileo. de Arabia Saudita. crudo de referencia de Ia OPEP. f.o.b. Ras Tanura
Petroleo. crudo de Ia OPEP, promedio ponderado 80
Productos de Petroleo 81
Metales no ferrosos
Aluminio. lingotes de mfnimo 99,5%. c.i.f. Europa Aluminio, !ingotes de mfnimo 99,5%, Nueva York Aluminio, !ingotes de minima 99,5%. Londres 82
Bauxita, jamaiquina. precio de referencia en los EE.UU. 83
Cobre. electrolftico. Londres Cobre, electrolftico. Nueva York 84
Plomo. en galapagos. suave. Londres Plomo. en galapagos. desplatado. Nueva York 85
Estaiio. estandar, Londres Estaiio. en galapagos. "Straits". Nueva York 86
Zinc, buenas clases ordinarias, Londres Zinc. "Prime Western Grade". Nueva York 87
Otros metales y minerales
Mineral de hierro. sueco, c.i.f. Rotterdam Mineral de hierro. brasileiio. c.i.f. pucrtos del Mar del
Norte 88
Mineral de manganeso. indio, 46'7c a 48'7c Mn. c.i.f. puertos de los EE. UU. 89
Niguel. canadiense. f.o.b. punta de embarque Niguel. EE.UU., precio a! contado, f.o.b. Nueva
York 90
Acero, Alemania, Rep. Feb .. entrega Oberhausen Acero. EE.UU .. f.o.b. lugares del medio-oeste 91
Fertilizantes
Fosforita, marroqui, f.a.s. Casablanca 92
Fosfato diam<inico. EE.UU., f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mexico 93
Cloruro de potasio. canadiense. f.o.b. Vancouver 94
Superfosfato triple ITSP). f.o.b. puertos del Golt(J de Mexico 95
Urea. de cualquier origen. f.o.b. Europa 96
xxxii
CLASIFICACION UNIFORME PARA EL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL (CUCI,
Rev. 2) PARA PRODUCTOS SELECCIONADOS
CLAVE PRODUCTOS CUCI
00 l. I 001.2 001.3
011.1 011.2
011.3
014
022 022.42
022.43
023 024
034 035
036
037
041
042 043 044 045.92
054.1 054.2
054.4 054.5 056.5
Ganado bovino vivo (incluso btifalos) Ganado ovino y caprino vivo Ganado porcino vivo
Carne de ganado bovino fresca. refrigerada o congclada Carne de ganado ovino y caprino. fresca. refrigerada o conge I ada Carne de ganado porcino. fresca. refrigerada o conge I ada Preparad% o conscrvas de carne y de despojos comestibles de carne. n.e _ p.: cxtractos de pescado
Leche y crema Leche (excepto suero) en polvo o granos que no contengan mas del 1.5'/r en peso de grasa Leche (excepto suero) y crema en polvo o granos que no contcngan mas del 1.5'k en peso de grasa Mantequil!a Queso y cuajada
Pescado fresco (vivo o muerto). refrigcrado o congelado Pescado seen. salado o en salmuera: pescado ahumado (cocido o no antes o durante el proceso de ahumado) Crustaceos y moluscos pelados o sin pelar. frescos. (vivos o muertos). refrigerados. congelados. salados, en salmuera o secos: crustaceos sin pelar, simplemente cocidos en agua Pescados. crustaceos y moluscos, preparados o en conserva, n.e.p.
Trigo (incluso escanda) y morcajo o tranqui116n. sin moler Arroz Cebada sin moler Maiz sin maier Sorgo sin moler
Patatas frescas o refrigeradas (sin incluir batatas) Frijoles, guisantes, lentejas y otras leguminosas. secas. desvainadas, incluso mondadas o partidas Tomales frescos o refrigerados Otras lcgumbres frescas o refrigeradas Legumbres preparadas o en conserva n.c.p.
057.1
057.2 057.3 057.4 057.51 057.71
057.96 058.3
058.5
061.1 061.2
071.1
071.2
0721 072.2 072.31 07232 074.1 075.1
081.3
081.31
081.32
081.41
Naranjas. mandarinas. clementinas y otros hibridos citricos similares. fre~cos o seem.~ Otros agrios frescos o secns Phitanos (incluso phitano verde). frescos o secos Man zan as f rescas Uvas frescas Cocos. frescos o secus (excepto Ia copra). con cascara o sin ella Datiles frescos o secos Compotas. jaleas de ti·utas. mermeladas. pun's de frutas y pastas de frutas. obtenidos por cocci<\n, con o sin adici6n de azucar Jugos de frutas (incluso zumo de uva) y jugos de legumbres, con o sin adici6n de azucar. pero sin fermentar ni contener licores
Azucar s61ida de remolacha y de caiia, sin refinar Azucar refinada y otros productos s6lidos de Ia refinaci6n de remolacha y de caiia de azucar
Cafe sin tostar o tostado. con o sin cafefna: cascara y cascarilla de cafe: sucedaneos de calc que contengan catc en alguna proporci6n Extractos. esencias y concentrados de cafe y preparados basados en dichos extractos. esencias y concentrados: achicoria tostada y otros sucedaneos tostados de cafe. y cxtractos. esencias y concentrados de ellos Cacao en grano, entero o partido. crudo o tostado Cacao en pol vo sin azucarar Pasta de cacao (a granel o en panes) desgranada o no Manteca de cacao (grasa o aceite) Tc Pimienta del genero "Piper" y pimiento del genero "Capsicum" o del genero "Pimenta"
Tortas de scmillas oleaginosas y otros residut>S de aceite vegetal (excepto las borras) Tortas de semillas olcaginosas y otros residuos de soya (exccpto las borras) Tortas de semillas oleaginosas y otros residuos de cacahuete (excepto las borras)
Harinas y polvo de carne o despojos (incluso el residuo graso). impropios para Ia alimentaci6n hurnana: chicharrones
081.42 Harinas y polvo de pcscado. crustaceos o moluscos. irnpropios para Ia alimentaci6n humana
112.1 112.3
121
211
222. 222.2 222.3 221.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8
232
245 246
247.1 247.2 248
24~.1
248.2
248.3
263.1 264
265.4
Vino de uvas (incluido cl mosto) Cerveza hecha de malta (incluso ale. cerveLa negra fuerte y cerveta oscura fuerte)
Tabaco en bruto: residuos de tabaco
Cueros y pielcs (excepto pieles finas). sin curtir
Cacahuctcs (manics) verde:,. con o sin cascara
Soya Semillas de algod6n Semillas de girasol Semillas de nabo y colza Copra Nueces de palma y almendras de palma Linaza Semillas de ricino Semillas y frutas oleaginosas. n.e.p.
Latex de caucho natural: caucho y gomas .... imilarcs. naturales
Lena ( excepto despcrdicios de madera) y carbon vegetal Madera para pulpa ( incluso virutas y desperdicios de madera) Troncos de coniferas para aserrar y hacer chapas Troncos no de coniferas para aserrar y hacer chapas Madera trabajada simplemente y traviesas de madera para vias ferras Traviesas (durmientes) de madera para vias ferreas o de tranvfas Madera de eoniferas aserrada, cepillada. con lengUetas. machihembrada, etc. Madera no de coniferas, aserrada, cepillada, con lengUetas, machihembrada, etc.
Algod6n (excepto Ia borra). sin cardar ni peinar Yutc y otras fibras textiles de liber. n.e.p .. en rarna o elaboradas pero sin hilar y su estopa y desperdicios (incluso hilaehas o cuerdas) Sisal y otras fibras del genero agaves. en rama o elaboradas. pero sin hilar y sus desperdicios ( incluso hilaehas o cuerdas)
2115.5
265.9
26X.I
2118.2
27U
281 2X7.1
Abaca I ··Musa textilis··) en rama o elaborada. pero sin hilar y estopas y dcsperdicios de abaca (incluso hilachas o cuerdas)
Fibras textiles vegetales. n.c.p. y sus dcspcrdicios Lana de oveja y cordcrn. grasicnta o lavada en vivo u a lomu
Lana de oveja y cordero. desgrasada. estc o no blanqueada o tenida en masa. sin cardar ni pcinar
Fosfat<JS de calcio naturales. f{JSfatos aluminocalcicos naturales. apatito y creta fosfatada
Mineral de hierro y sus concentrados
Mincrales y concentrados de cobre y sus concentrados: matas de cobre: cobre de cemcntaci6n
287.31 Minerales de aluminio y sus concentrados 287.32 Alumina (6xido de aluminio) 2X7.4
2R7.5
287.6
287.7
Mineralcs de plomo y sus conccntrados Minerales de zinc y sus concentrados Minerales de estai\o y sus concentrados
Minerales de manganeso y sus concentrados 1 incluso mincralcs de hierro manganesifcro~ y los conccntrado~
que contengan 209( o mas en peso de mang:ane~o)
322 Hulla. lignito y turba
333 Aceites de petr61eo crudos y aceites crudos obtenidos de minerales bituminosos
334
411.1
411.3
423.2 423.3
423.6 42.1.91
4234 423.5
424.1
424.2 424.3
424.4 424.5
Productos derivados del petrt\leo. refinados
Grasas y aceites de pescado y de mamifcrm marinos. refinados o sin refinar
Accitcs. grasa~ y manteca:-, de origen animaL n.c.p.
Aceite de soya Aceite de semilla de algod6n Aceite de girasol Accitc de nabo. col/.a y mo~tiua ;\c·eite Je cacahuetc (maniJ Aceite de oliva Accitc de linaza AccitL de palilla Aceite de coco (copra)
AceJLe de almendras de palma Accitc de ricino
652
654.5
6X2.1 1183.1
684 685.1
686.1
6X7.1
Tejidos de algod6n (cxcepto tejidos cstrechm o especialcs)
Tcjidos Jc yutc ode otras fibras textiles de hbcr. del subgrupo 264.0
Cobre y sus aleaciones. refinados y sin refinar. en bruto Niguel y sus aleaciones. en bruto (Jingotes. barras. gramulos. cubos y otras formas primarias (excepto anodos para niquelar) Aluminio Plomo y sus aleaciones. en hruto Zinc y sus alcaciones. en bruto (bloques. chapas. lingotcs. tochos. placas. gninulos y formas primarias similares)
Estai\o y sus alcaciones. en hruto (bloques. lingotes. gahipagos. placas. harras. varillas. granulos y formas primarias similares)
Fuente: Nacione~ Unida~. C/asfjlcacion Un~fonne para el
Cmm:rcio lnternacional. Revision 2. Informe~ Estadisticos. Scrie M. No. 34. Rev. 2
xxxiii
xxxiv
CATEGORIAS ECONOMICAS Y REGIONES
PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON ECONOMIA DE MERCADO'
America del Norte
Canada Estados U nidos
Europa
Austria Belgica Dinamarca Finlandia Francia Alemania, Rep. Fed. Islandia lrlanda ltalia Luxemburgo Paises Bajos Noruega Espana Succi a Suiza Reina Unido
Asia/Oceania
Japan Australia Nueva Zelandia
ECONOMIAS NO DE MERCADO
Europa/URSS
Albania Bulgaria Checoslovaquia Rep. Dem. Alemana Hungria Polonia Rumania URSS
PAISES EN DESARROLLO'
Comprende:
---(:hipre, Grecia, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Turquia y Yugoslavia -America Latina y el Caribe (incluida Cuba) -Asia (incluidos China, Kampuchea Dem., Corea, Rep. Dem. Pop.,
Rep. Dem. Pop. Lao, Mongolia, y Viet Nam) -Africa (incluido Sud:lfrica) -Oceania (excluidas Australia y Nueva Zelandia)
1Comprende tambien Samoa Americana, Bermudas, Islas Ferae, Guayane Francesa, Polinesia Francesa, Gibraltar, Groenlandia, Guadalupe, Guam, Martinica. Nueva Caledonia, Territorio en tideicomiso de las Islas del Pacifico, Puerto Rico. Reunion, Islas Yirgenes (EE.UU.).
'Excluidos los paises exportadores de petr6leo de ingresos altos (Baharein, Brunei, Kuwait, Libia, Oman, Qatar, Arabia Saudita y Emiratos Arabes U nidos).
SIGNOS CONVENCIONALES UTILIZADOS: Estimaci6n E
Me nos de Ia mitad de Ia unidad indicada (.) Magnitud cero Nominal No hay cotizaciones No sc dispone de datos Nose aplica No sc detalla en otro Iugar Dato preliminar lnterrupci6n de Ia serie Series concatenadas Series rcvisadas
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xxxvi
EVOLUCION DEL MERCADO DE PRODUCTOS BASICOS: 1984-85
Los precios de los productos basicos han seguido una trayectoria inusitada en el reciente periodo de 1983-85 posterior a Ia recesion. A diferencia de recuperaciones economicas anteriores que estuvieron acompai\adas por una clevacion de los precios de los productos primarios, este ultimo periodo postrecesionario se ha caracterizado por grandes alzas de precios en Ia fase inicial de Ia recuperacion y profundas caidas posteriores en medio de una expansion en marcha pero prolongada. Algo mas sorprendente es que, para mediados de 1985, los precios en do lares de los productos basicos habian desccndido mas abajo que los de Ia recesion en 1982, hasta un minimo sin precedentes desde Ia segunda guerra mundial en t<~rrninos de Ia relacion de intercambio frente a los precios de exportaci6n de las manufacturas.
Las peculiaridadcs de Ia recuperacion de 1983-85 en las cconmnias de mercado han sido evidentcmentc un factor clave del comportamiento de los precios de los productos basicos. Esa recuperacion, que ha sido debil y desigual, para principios de 1985 habia perdido gran parte de sus impetus. Los precios de los productos primarios subieron rapidamentc en 1983 como reaccion ante Ia vigorosa recuperacion en los Estados Unidos y posteriorrnente en el Japon. En el resto de las economias de mercado, sin embargo, el crecimiento econ6mico continuo en estancamiento hasta bien entrado 1984. El crecimiento del producto nacional bruto ( PNB) de los paises europeos miembros de Ia Organizacion de Cooperacion y Desarrollo Econ6micos (OCDE) fue solo de un promedio de I ,4'k y 2,4'k en 1983 y 1984, respectivamente, mientras que Ia producci6n industrial apcnas creci6 en I, I% y 3o/c. Muchos pafses en desarrollo con economia de mercado tampoco lograron crecer debido. entre otras razones, a ajustes en su considerable deuda externa. En 1985 el crecimiento ha sido desilusionante en casi todos los pafses con economia de mercado, incluidos los paises en desarrollo de Asia oriental.
Los suministros de productos primarios, el tipo de cambio del d6lar estadounidense y Ia tasa real de interes tuvieron movimientos adversos a los productores de productos basicos a principios de 1984, epoca en que comenzaron a desvanecerse las expectativas de un buen crecimiento de Ia demanda. La produccion agricola, especialmente de ccreales, algod6n y semillas oleaginosas, regres6 a niveles sin precedentes despues de las deficiencias de 1982-83 causadas por el mal tiempo y el programa de reduccion de tierras en cultivo en los Estados Unidos. El constante buen tiempo en Ia gran mayorfa de los
grandes paises productores y el apoyo a los precios por el gobierno, particularmente en los Estados Unidos y Ia Comunidad Economica Europea, contribuyeron a elevar Ia producci6n agraria (cerealcs y azucar en especial), lo cual impidi6 que las existencias volvieran a niveles mas normales. El alza de los precios de metales y minerales en 1983 provoc6 grandes aumentos de los suministros a partir de capacidades anteriormente no utilizadas. Con esta rcacci6n fue penosamente claro que Ia caracteristica fundamental del mercado de Ia mayoria de los metales y minerales sigue siendo el suministro excesivo. a pesar de Ia rcciente rcestructuraci6n de Ia industria. Las elevadas tasas reales de interes que prevalecieron en 1983-85 empeoraron Ia situacion al reducir las existencias al minimo. La recesi6n de 1981-82 condujo a pronunciadas reducciones de los costos de produccion en las industrias de metales y minerales. Algunas de esas reducciones (tales como las resultantes de aplazar el mantenimiento y beneficiar solo las mejores calidades de mineral) son sin duda medidas transitorias. pero hay indicaciones de que se han producido mejoras sostenibles en productividad que han conducido a revisiones hacia Ia baja en las predicciones de precios de estos productos.
La valorizaci6n del d6lar de los Estados Unidos sin duda ha deprimido fuertemente los precios de los productos primarios en esa moneda hasta principios de 1985. Entre finales de 1982 y el fin de febrero de 1985, el d6lar se valorizo en un 457< frente a Ia unidad monetaria europea (ECU) yen un 15% respecto del derecho especial de giro (DEG). Si se toma Ia estimacion media de 0,4 a 0,6 para Ia elasticidad de los precios de los productos basicos en relacilin con los movimientos del tipo de cambio del dolar, se concluye facilmente que el efecto negativo de Ia valorizacion del dlilar, especialmente entre mediados de 1984 y principios de 1985, explica Ia mayor parte del desccnso de precios de los productos basicos. Sin embargo, el efecto positivo de Ia baja constante del valor del dolar desde comienzos de 1985 no ha sido visible claramente en los movimientos recientes de los precios. Esto puede ser un indicio de Ia gravedad de los movimientos adversos en los aspectos fundamentales del mercado y del tiempo que se requiere para que los ajustes de los tipos de cambio surtan todos sus efectos en los precios de los productos primarios.
Movimientos de precios de los productos basicos Para octubre de 1985, el indice del Banco Mundial relativo
a los precios de 33 productos primarios distintos de los com-
bustiblcs habia bajado, en dolares corrientes, a 82.5 ( 1977-79 = 100). cifra inferior al nivel mas bajo de Ia recesi6n, de 88,5 en octubre de 1982 (vease el Cuadro 4), y casi un 20o/c menor que cl maximo registrado despues de Ia recesi6n un ai\o mas tarde. Para todo 1985. el indice de Ia rclaci6n de intercambio para productos primarios frente a las exportaciones de manufacturas debera registrar el nivel mas bajo desde Ia segunda guerra mundial ( vease el Cuadro 21 ) .
La caida mas reciente de los precios de los productos basicos ha sido grave y generalizada. Los precios de los productos agricolas bajaron en general mas que los de los metales y mincrales. En octubre de 1985 el indice de precios de los productos agricolas lleg6 a 7 3. 9 ( 1977-79 = I 00); para los productos distintos de los alimentos fue de 87 ,8, y el correspondiente a metales y mineralcs fue de 93.3. El descenso a partir del maximo posterior a Ia recesi6n fue mas agudo para los productos agricolas alimentarios (- 25,5Cfc ), scguido de los no alimentarios (- 22.3'7c) y los metales y minerales (- 12'7< ). Las bajas mayores fueron las de los aceites y grasas, cercales y bebidas, entre los productos agricolas alirnentarios.
Los precios del te estuvieron a Ia cabeza de las alzas de 1983-84 en el fndice de precios de las bebidas: sin embargo. los mismos altos precios fueron factor importante de las bajas en 1984-85. En 1983 y 1984 los altos precios se dcbieron principalmente al cstancamiento de Ia producci6n en los dos paises productorcs mas importantes, India y Sri Lanka, y a las limitaciones a Ia exportacion impuestas por el Gobierno de Ia India en el primer semestre de 1984. Las grandes bajas de los precios del te en 1984-85 siguieron a energicas reacciones de Ia oferta ante el aumento de prccios en los principales pafses exportadores. La produccion de Ia India, por ejcmplo, paso de 560.000 tone Iadas en 1981-82 a Ia cifra sin precedentes de 645.000 toneladas en 1984. Una gran proporcion de los aumentos de producci6n en 1984 pucde atribuirse a Ia recolecci6n de calidades infcriores. practica que puede reducir Ia productividad de Ia planta hasta durante dos ai\os. La baja calidad de las hojas recolectadas contribuyli tambien al descenso de los precios medios del te.
Los precios del cacao y el cafe bajaron un poco en 1984/85. cuando result6 claro que Ia Costa de Marfil tendrfa una cosecha de cacao sin prccedentes y que Ia producci6n mundial del cafe robusta habia aumentado. Sin embargo, al cerrarse 1985 los precios del cafe repuntaron fuertemente ante Ia noticia de que
Ia producci6n del Brasil en 1986/87 no superarfa la mitad de la del ario anterior a consecuencia de Ia sequia: existia tambien Ia posibilidad de que Ia cosecha de 1987/88 resultara perjudicada. La fuerte reducci6n en Ia producci6n y las existencias mundiales resultante de las perdidas en el Brasil es anuncio de relaciones de intercambio y de ingresos de exportaci6n muy mejorados para aquellos paises que dependen fuertemente de Ia ex portae ion del cafe.
Las cosec has sin precedente de trigo. arroz y maiz en I '184/ 85. combinadas con mercados de exportacion en disminuci6n para estos productos. fueron responsables del nivel minimo del indice de precios de los cereales en mas de un decenio. Los grandes subsidios a Ia producci6n de cereales no solo hicieron que los suministros no respondieran a los precios. sino que ademas redujeron el comercio de esos productos. Con excepcion de la Uni6n Sovictica. Ia mayoria de los paises importadores de cereales han venido reduciendo sus compras: algunos han pasado incluso a ser exportadores (Indonesia. por ejemplo. se ha convertido en exportador de arroz. y China ha exportado mafz recientementc).
El descenso ma' recicnte en los prccios de aceites y grasas ha sido tan espectacular como su elevaci6n en 1983-84. El efecto de las malas condiciones del tiempo. que inicialmente produjo alzas de precios. pan~ce haberse exagerado un tanto. pues la produccion mundial de semillas oleaginosas se recupcr6 en un 14o/r en I '184/85 y se ha pronosticado una produccion mucho mayor para I '185/86.
Los precios del azucar en el mercado libre llegaron a un pun to bajo de 13 centavos de dolar el kilo en octubre de 1982. Las expectativas de que Ia producci6n en 19H3/~4 serf a mucho menor debido al mal tiempo en el hemisferio sur hicieron que el precio subiera a 23.7 centavos el kilo en junio de 1'183. Estas expcctativas nose cumplieron. y con Ia produccion sostenida mediante regimenes de precios apoyados por el gobierno y un aumento en las restricciones al comercio. los precios descendieron al bajo nivel de h.l centavos el kilo en junio de I '185. Recientemente los precios han subido a 12 centavos el kilo con Ia
expectativa de que el consumo mundial excederia Ia producci6n en I '185186. tra'> de cuatro arios de cxcedentes. No hay todavia.
'in embargo. ninguna "~nal ttrme de que "" exccs1vos niveles de existencias vayan a reducirse nipidamente: las reducciones solo pueden ocurrir lentarncnte. mediante aumentos del consumo. La aminoracit\n del apoyo a los precios del productor en
muchos paises es necesaria a fin de lograr un equilibrio sensato en este mercado.
La recuperacit\n de los precios de las materias prirnas agricolas en 1983-84 empezt\ a derrumbarse en cuanto el crecimiento de Ia producci6n industrial en los paises en desarrollo present{\ serias de desacclerarse. Si bien la industria del automovil en los Estados Unidos continuo gozando de excelente crecimiento hasta el tercer trimestre de 1985. los dem;is paises industriales experimentaron una disminuci6n del nlimero de automoviles producidos en I '184: el total correspondiente a la OCDE. y por tanto Ia demanda de caucho. permanecieron invariables. Los mayores suministros de caucho natural de que se dispuso debido a una producci6n mayor que Ia normal durante los meses del invierno empeoraron Ia situacion de los productores de caucho. En los Estados Unidos Ia producci6n de algod6n mejor6 al expirar el programa de reducci6n de tierras cultivadas y los aumentos de produccion en otros pafses (China especialmente) condujeron a una acumulaci<in de existencias hasta de alrededor del 55o/c del consumo anual. en comparacion con el volumen usual entre 33'1r y 371<. El alivio de los actuates precios bajos para los productores depende primordial mente de las reacciones a las politicas en los Estados Unidos y China. Este ultimo pais ya ha reducido mucho los incentivos a los productores. pero cs diffcil pensar c6mo pueda liquidar sus existencias de algod{ln durante otros dos o tres aiios.
Despues de ligeras alzas a principios de I '183. los precios de los metales y minerales empezaron a bajar en I 'IX4 a pesar de moderados aumentos de Ia demanda de muchos metales. El con sumo de cobre en los paises con economia de mere ado tuvo un aumento espectacular del II o/c en I '184. rnientras que su producci6n fue inferior al nivel de 19~3. Pero en general el precio del cobre descendi6 en 1984. Esta pcrtinacia s61o puede explicarse por Ia valorizaci6n del d6lar de los Estados Unidos en este periodo. A principios de 1985 los precios del cobre tuvieron un alza cuando el d6lar empez6 a dcpreciarse. pero las bajas sustanciales de Ia demanda industrial pronto eliminaron los efectos positivos de Ia depreciaci6n del dolar para deprimir los precios. La demanda de aluminio tuvo un aumento moderado (estimado en 3'1<) en l'IX4. pcro los recortes de Ia producci<in en los Estados Unidos quedaron m{ts que compensados por aumentm en otros paiscs. de nuevo con el estimulo de Ia valorizaci6n del d6lar. Aunque el crecimiento de Ia demanda de aluminio continu6 todavia en el primer semestrc de I '185 y su
produccion se redujo en un 3.5o/c en los ocho primeros meses del mismo ario. los precios de este metal siguieron bajando hasta el mes de noviembre. El porcentaje de baja en los precios del aluminio en 1983 y en enero a noviembre de 1985 fue el mayor entre los metales. sobre todo por Ia incapacidad de Ia industria para restringir la producci6n.
Los precios del estaiio. el plomo. el Line. el niguel y los minerales de manganeso y hierro han tenido mejor suerte que los del cobre y cl aluminio. Aunque Ia balanza entre Ia oferta y Ia demanda en I 985 para todos esos met ales ha pasado a ser decididamente de oferta excesiva. en general estas industrias han logrado. hasta hace poco. refrenar Ia producci6n para lograr un equilibrio aproximado. Recientemente. sin embargo. algunas de estas industrias no han logrado mantcner el control de Ia producci6n para defender los precios. De ello es ejemplo cl estario. El Consejo Internacional del Estario (CJE). que habia controlado Ia producci6n y administrado las existencias reguladoras para sustentar los prccios. perdio el control del mercado debido a su incapacidad de financiar ulteriores compras para las existencias reguladoras y controlar Ia produccion de los paises no suscriptores del Convenio lnternacional del Estario.
Los precios del petrol eo crudo han dcscendido constanternente desde 1982. a medida que aumentaban los suministros y disminuia Ia demanda. Los productorcs de pai>es miembros de la Organizaci6n de Paises Exportadores de Petr6leo (OPEP) han venido perdiendo sus participaciones del mcrcado a mcdida que los paises no miembros han elevado su produccilin como respuesta a los precios subvencionados. El intento de mantener los precios del petrol eo frente a aumentos en Ia producci6n de paises ajenos a Ia OPEP ya una demanda que va debilitandose ha hccho que los product ores de Ia OPEP disminuyan su producci6n. Pero ya se esta llegando a los limites de esta funci6n de apoyo a los precios del petr6leo a medida que declinan los ingresos de exportaci6n: el cartel de Ia OPEP sc encuentra en un punto critico de nuevo cxamen de su funcit\n en el mercado.
La dcmanda de petr6leo crudo ha sufrido prcsiones por lo menos de tres frentes. Primero. Ia sustituci6n por otros combustibles y las medidas de conservacic\n han continuado en aumento desde las ~randes alzas de precios de los arios setenta. Luego. Ia recesi6n de I '181-82 en particular y el crecimiento econ<imico en general Iento en los paises industriales durante el decenio pa>ado han amortiguado Ia demanda industrial de ener)'ia. En tercer Iugar. Ia dcpreciaci(m del dolar de los Estados
Unidos ha significado que el precio del petr6leo cotizado en
esa moneda no ha bajado en las monedas nacionales de Europa occidental, ni siquiera al descender en d6lares de los Estados
Unidos.
Tendencias del comercio de productos primarios Los productos primarios distintos de los combustibles son
fuente importante de ingresos de exportaci6n (26,5'/c en 1983) para los pafses en desarrollo (vease el Cuadro I), si bien su
importancia ha declinado firmemente a In largo de los alios. Por lo menus 50 pafses en desarrollo dependen de los productos
primarios (incluido el petr6lco) para mas de Ia mitad de sus ingresos de exportaci6n (vease el Cuadro 9). Los pafses en
desarrollo han desempeliado una funcion de importancia cada vez mayor en el comercio mundial de manufacturas y petr6leo
(al menus hasta l9gO, cuando Ia participacion de la OPEP en el mercado empezo a disminuir); en el comercio de productos
distintos del petr6leo, sin embargo, su importancia ha venido disminuyendo y su participaci6n en las exportaciones de pro
ductus distintos de los combustibles de las economias de mercado ha descendido del 3g9c en 1970 al 35% en 19g3 (vease
el Cuadro l). El aumento de las exportaciones de manufacturas
es lo 4ue ha dado impulso a Ia participaci6n de los pafses en desarrollo en las exportaciones mundiales de productos distintos de los combustibles (tanto primarios como manufacturados), desde un 139(. en 1973 al 16,5% en Jn4.
En 1984 las exportaciones mundiales aumentaron un 9% en
volumen y un 6% en valor respecto de 1983 (lo que supone una baja de 3% en valor unitario). Esta fue una mejorfa importante
en relaci6n con los tres alios anteriores. El volumen del comercio mundial en 1983, alio de recuperaci6n, solo se elevo en un 3c1c, mientras que en valor bajo un 2%. El valor de las exportaciones
mundiales en 1984 fuc inferior, sin embargo, al de 1980 en dolares corrientes.
Las exportacioncs de productos basicos tuvieron mcnos suerte
que los bienes manufacturados en Ia expansion de 1984. El volumen de exponaciones mundiales de productos agropecua
rios subio un 7%; el de minerales (incluidos los combustibles) aumento un 3%, mientras que el de bienes manufacturados se
elevo en 12%. Las exportaciones de minerales distintos de los combustibles mejoraron en un 4c1c en 1984, despues de un buen
aumento del 7% en 1983. Est a expansion del comercio es tipica
en tiempos de recuperacion economica, pero la discrepancia entre las tasas de crecimiento de Ia exportacion de minerales
VVV\/jjj
no combustibles y de bienes manufacturados parece haber sido
inusitadamente grande.
Las exportaciones de los paises en desarrollo tuvieron cifras algo mejores que el mundo en su totalidad en 1984: en volumen aumentaron un 10% yen valor un 8,4% (vease el Cuadro 3).
El valor unitario de sus exportaciones solo descendi6 un l ,6%.
Gran parte del aumento de volumen correspondio a Ia rapida expansion (en 15'/c) de las exportaciones de manufacturas.
Las cifras de exportaciones variaron ampliamente entre los pafses en desarrollo. En 1984 el valor de los ingresos de ex
portacion entre los no petroleros aumento en un 13%, mientras 4ue los de los exportadores de petr6leo solo subieron un 3%.
Los principales exportadores de manufacturas entre los paises en desarrollo no petroleros acrecentaron el valor de sus expor
taciones en un 20,5o/c en 1984. Los paises de bajos ingresos (con producto intemo bruto (PIB) per capita de menos de US$500
en 1980) registraron el menor crecimiento en valor de sus exportaciones (3,2%).
Los pafses en desarrollo recibieron US$34.000 millones mas
por sus exportaciones en 1984 que en 1983. Practicamente todo este aumento provino de productos distintos de los combustibles. Pur lo demas, el60% del aumento correspondio a exportaciones
de bienes manufacturados de Asia oriental. Dado el descenso de los precios de los productos primarios en 1984, es dudoso
que los distintos de los combustibles constituyeran mas del restante 40% del incremento en los ingresos de exportacion.
Los datos preliminares indican que el comercio mundial en
Ia primera mitad de 1985 solo aumento un 3% en comparacion con el mismo periodo de 1984. La tasa de crecimiento en todo
el alio 1985 no pasara probablemente de 3% a 3,5%. Lasestadisticas mas recientes del Acuerdo General sobre Arancelcs
Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT) indican que las importaciones de los principales paises industriales permanecieron practica
mente invariables en terminos del valor en el primer semestre de 1985 respecto del mismo semestre de 1984. Pero las ex
portaciones de estos paises provenientes de paises en desarrollo perdieron un 3o/c en valor y, en particular, cl valor de las im
portaciones desde Africa descendi6 en el 5,4%. La baja de los
precios de los productos primarios en 1985 ha desempeliado
indudablemente un papel importante en este descenso de los ingresos de exportacion de los paises en desarrollo.
- - -. - - :- ~ 3 CD a s·
- - -. -1 ~ c m
TABLE 1 TABLEAU 1 CUADRO 1 VALUE OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES AND MANUFACTURES AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPORTS, 1970, 1980, AND 1983*
Exports. fob (billion US dollars) Percentage of Total Exports
ExportatJons en milliards de En pourcentage du total des dollars EU exportations
Exportaciones en m1les de Porcentaje del total de millones de d61ares de EE.UU. exportaciones
1970 1980 1963 1970 1980 1983
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PAYS EN PAISES EN DESARROLLO DEVELOPPEMENT
Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primanos 1
America Amerique America t1.2 45.1 44.0 65.9 43.3 41.7 Africa Afrique Africa 8.3 23.2 16.5 70.3 23.8 26.2 Asia Asie Asia 9.3 47.4 42.6 43.1 21.1 19.3 Others' Autres2 Otras regiones2
~ 7.3 7.0 44.2 27.9 27.4 Total Total Total 30.6 123.0 110.1 55.9 27.2 26.5
Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3
America Amerique Amenca 4.1 41.5 39.3 24.1 39.9 37.3 Africa Afrique Africa 1.8 50.2 30.0 15.3 51.6 47.6 Asia Asie Asia 4.5 88.5 69.5 20.8 39.4 31.4 Others2 Autres2 Otras reg1ones2 1.4 0.8 5.3 3.1 Total Total Total 10.5 181.6 139.6 19.2 40.2 33.7
Manufactures4 Produ1ts manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4
America Amerique Am8rica 1.7 17.5 22.1 10.0 16.8 21.0 Africa Afrique Africa 1.7 23.9 16.5 14.4 24.6 26.2 Asia Asie Asia 7.8 88.6 108.9 36.1 39.5 49.3 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 2.4 17.5 17.7 55.8 66.8 69.4 Total Total Total 13.6 147.5 165.2 24.9 32.6 39.8
Total Exports Total des exportations Exportaciones totales America Amerique America 17.0 104.1 t05.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 Africa Afrique Africa 11.8 97.3 63.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 As1a Asie Asia 21.6 224.5 221.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 01hers2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 4.3 26.2 25.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Total Total 54.7 452.1 414.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
INDUSTRIAL MARKET PAYS INDUSTRIELS A PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON
ECONOMIES ECONOMIE DE MARCHE ECONOMIA DE MERCADO Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1 49.0 241.9 203.5 22.4 199 18.2 Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3 7.6 90.3 97.0 3.5 7.4 8.6 Manufactures4 Produits manufactur8s4 Productos manufacturados4 162.1 884.8 821.3 74.1 72.7 73.2 Total Exports Total des exportations Exportac1ones totales 218.7 1.217.0 1.121.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
·valeur des produtts de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des exportations en 1970, 1980, et1983 • Valor de los productos pnmanos y de los productos manufacturados como porcentaje de las exportac1ones totales, 1970, 1980, y 1983.
Note: For commodity groupings by SITC (Standard International Trade Classmca!Jon) numbers and classification of mdustnal market economtes and develop1ng countnes, see pages viit-x • Note: Pour les groupements de produits selon les 1ndtcatifs de Ia CTCI (CtasstficatiOn type pour le commerce mternational) et Ia classification des pays industrials et en d9vel· oppement, voir pages xx-xxii • Nota: V8anse en las ptlginas xxxii-xxx1v los grupos de productos bas1cos segUn las claves de Ia CUCI (Ciastf1cac16n Untforme para el Comercto lnternactonal) y Ia clasificact6n en paises industriales y en desarrollo.
1 SITC 0 to 2 plus 4 and 68 (includes non-ferrous metals) • Sect1ons 0 a 2 plus 4 et 68 (y compns les metaux non ferreux) • Secciones 0 a 2 mas 4 y 68 (mclutdos los metales no ferrosos)
2United Nations data for other developing countnes ts obtained as a restdual figure and does not necessarily reflect the actual export performance of the countnes/areas involved • Les donnees des Nations Unies relatives aux "autres'" pays en dE!veloppement sont obtenues en soustrayant le commerce des regions d9nommees du commerce de I' ensemble des PED Par consequent, elles ne correspondent pas forc8ment aux exportations reelles des pays ou regions en question • Los datos de las Naciones Umdas sabre otros de los paises en desarrollo se obtienen en forma de residues y no refle]an forzosamente el desempeflo real de los paises y regiones en materia de exportac1ones.
3SITC 3 • CTCl, Section 3 • CUCI. Secci6n 3
4SITC 5 to 9, excluding 68 (excludes nonferrous metals) • Sections 5 a 9, sans 68 (sans les metaux non ferreux) • Secciones 5 a 9, exclUtdo 68 (exciUidos los metales no ferrosos)
Sources· UNCTAO, Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics; UN, Monthly Bulletin of StatJsttcs • CNUCED. Manuel de stattst1ques du commerce international er du dfweloppement; NU, Bulletin mensuel de stattsttque • UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics; NU, Monthly Bulletm of Statistics.
2
Primary I Commodities rEllJ'W~~ ft~:::fT.t~~;<;~ (Petroleum)
,·A'~ .•."k"
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Exports (Ex-Petroleum) Total Exports
1970
24.9o;e9.2%) 30.8%~
"' 69.2%
75.1%
Total $44.2 Billion Total $54.7 Billion
1980
45.5%
67.4%
Total $270.5 Billion Total $452.1 Billion
1983
Total $275.3 Billion Total $414.9 Billion
Manufactures -
INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES
Total Exports
(3.5%)
74.1%
Total $218.7 Billion
Total $1,217.0 Billion
Total $1,121.8 Billion
TABLE 2 TABLEAU 2 CUADRO 2 VALUE OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES AND MANUFACTURES AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL IMPORTS, 1970, 1980, AND 1983*
Imports, fob (b1111on US dollars) Percentage of Total Imports
Importations en m1ll1ards En pourcentage du total de dollars EU des 1mportat1ons
lmportac1ones en miles de Porcenlaje del total m111ones de dolares de EE UU de 1mportac1ones
1970 1980 1983 1970 1980 1983
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PAYS EN PAISES EN DESARROLLO DEVELOPPEMENT
Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1
America Amerique Am8nca 3,1 17,5 12,8 17.4 14,9 14,9 Africa Afrique Africa 2.4 16,0 14.4 16,2 16,5 20.2 Asia Asie Asia 7.0 42.8 43.0 25.3 19.4 18.3 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 2.0 8.8 7.6 238 19.5 18.9 Total Total Total 14.5 85.1 77.8 21.1 17.7 18.0
Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3
America Amerique Am8rica 2.0 28.8 25.3 11.2 24.5 29.6 Africa Afrique Africa 0.7 8.0 6.5 4.7 8.3 9.1 Asia Asie Asia 2.0 42.8 46.0 7.2 19.4 19.5 Others2 Autres2 Otras reg1ones2
~ 10.7 10.1 6.0 23.7 25.2 Total Total Total 5.2 903 87 9 7.6 18.8 20.3
Manufactures4 Produits manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4
America Amerique America 12.7 71.3 47.5 71.4 60.6 55.5 Africa Afnque Africa 11.7 72.7 50.4 79.1 75.2 70.7 Asia Asie Asta 18.7 1351 146.5 67.5 61.2 62.2 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 5.9 ~ 22.5 70.2 56.8 55.9 Total Total Total 49.0 304 7 266.9 71.3 63.5 61.7
Total Imports Total des importations lmportadones totales
America Amerique America 17.8 117.6 85.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Africa Afrique Africa 14.8 96.7 71.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Asia Asie Asia 27.7 220.7 235.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 Others2 Autres2 Otras regtones2 8.4 45.1 40.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Total Total 68.7 480.1 4326 100.0 100.0 100.0
INDUSTRIAL MARKET PAYS INDUSTRIELS A PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON ECONOMIES ECONOMIE DE MARCHE ECONOM!A DE MERCADO
Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1 63.6 255.3 213.6 30.3 19.8 18.8 Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3 20.8 357.3 258.6 9.9 27.7 22.8 Manufactures4 Produits manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4 125.4 677.4 662 5 ~ ~ 58.4 Total Imports Total des importations lmportaciones totales 2098 1.290.0 1.134.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
"Valeur des prodwts de base et des produ1ts manufactures expnmee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des 1mportattons en 1970. 1980. et 1983 • Valor de los productos pnmar1os y de los praductos manulacturados como porcenlaJe de las 1mportac1ones tolales, 1970. 1980. y 1983.
Note· For commoditY groupings by SITC {Standard International Trade Classification) numbers and classil1cat1on of Industrial market econom1es and developmg countr1es. see pages v111-x • Note: Pour les groupements de produ1ts selon les 1r1dicat1fs de Ia CTCI {Classification type pour le commerce mternaliOnal) et Ia classif1cat1on des pays 1ndustriels et en developpement. votr pages xx-xxn • Nota: veanse en las p8g1nas xxxi1-xxx1v los grupos de productos bas1cos segun las claves de Ia CUCI (Ciaslf1cac16n Un1forme para el Comerc1o lnternactonal) y Ia clas1ficacr6n en paises 1ndustnales y en desarrollo
1 SITC 0 to 2 plus 4 and 68 (mcludes non-ferrous metals) • Sections 0 a 2 plus 4 et 68 (y compns les metaux non ferreux) • Secc1ones 0 a 2 mas 4 y 68 (1nclu1dos los metales no ferrosos)
2Un1ted Nations data for other developmg countnes IS obta1ned as a res1dual ftgure and does not necessanly reflect the actual export performance of the countnes areas mvolved • Les donnees des NatiOns Un1es relatives aux ··autres"" pays en developpement sont obtenues en soustrayantle commerce des regtons dE'mommees du commerce de I" ensemble des PED. Par consequent, elles ne correspondent pas forcement aux exportations rSelles des pays ou reg1ons en quest10n • Los datos de las Nac1ones Umdas sabre otros de los paises en desarrollo se obtienen en lorma de res1duos y no reflejan lorzosamente e\ desempef"ID real de los pa1ses y reg1ones en materia de exportac1ones
3SITC 3 e CTCI, Sect10n 3 e CUCI. Secc16n 3
4SITC 5 to 9, excludmg 68 (excludes nonferrous metals) • Sect1ons 5 a 9, sans 68 (sans les metaux non ferreux) • Secc1ones 5 a 9. exclu1do 68 (exc1u1dos los metales no ferrosos)
Sources: UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Stat1sttcs; UN. Monthly Bullerm of StatiStics • CNUCED, Manuel de statiSflques du commerce mternattonal et du dBve/oppement; NU. Bulletin mensuel de statist1que • UNCTAD. Handbook of International Trade and Development Stat1St1cs; NU. Monthly Bulletm of Statistics
Primary j Commodittes
~{':1'f?WA$(J~l :t,<'"y,,>, (Petroleum) Jt.,_4<~?;
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Imports (Ex-Petroleum) Total Imports
1970
(7.6%) ~22.8% ~28.7%
77.2° 71.3°!.
Total $63.5 Billion Total $68.7 Billion
1980
(18.8%)
Total $389.8 Billion Total $480.1 Billion
1983 . ·. 22.6%
~-
' ~···· -· ..
Total $344.7 Billion Total $432.6 Billion
Manufactures ..
INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES
Total Imports
(9.9%)
59.8% 40.2%
Total $209.8 Billion
Total $1,290.0 Billion
58.4%
Total $1,134.7 Billion
TABLE 3 TABLEAU 3 VOLUME, VALUE, AND UNIT VALUE EXPORT INDICES, 1960-84'* (1980 = 100)
Developmg Countnes Pays en d9veloppement
Paises en desarrollo
Year Volume2 Value2 Unit Value2
An nee Volume2 Valeur-2 Valeur umtaire2
Ai\o Volumen2 Valor" Valor unitario2
1960 49 5 10 1961 49 5 10 1962 51 5 10 1963 55 6 10 1964 61 6 10
1965 64 6 10 1966 69 7 10 1967 70 7 10 1968 77 8 10 1969 86 9 10
1970 99 10 10 1971 100 11 11 1972 108 13 12 1973 129 19 15 1974 102 40 39
1975 89 37 42 1976 105 45 43 1977 107 51 48 1978 109 53 49 1979 112 74 66
1980 100 100 100 1981 93 98 105 1982 87 85 98 1983 88 79 90 1984 97 86 89
CUADRO 3
Industrial Market Economies Pays industrials a economie de march9
Paises Industriales con economia de mercado
Volume Value Unit Value Volume Valeur Valeur unitaire
Volumen Valor Valor unitario
24 7 28 26 7 28 27 8 28 29 8 28 32 9 29
34 10 30 37 11 30 39 12 30 45 14 30 50 16 31
54 18 33 58 20 35 64 24 37 71 32 45 76 43 56
73 46 63 81 51 63 85 58 68 90 69 77 96 85 89
100 100 100 102 98 96 101 93 92 104R 93R 89 114 98 86
•tndices de volume, de valeur, et de valeur unitaire des exportations, 1960·841 •lndtces del volumen, valor, y unitario de las exportaciones. 1960·841. 1The Indices are based on trade data (including petroleum) 1n US dollars in 1980. Followtng weights have been used in computing the volume indices: Developing Countnes: 30.4%; Industrial Market Economies: 69.6% • Les Indices sont fondE!s sur les statistiques du commerce (y compns pEttrole) en 1980, en dollars EU. Pour fe calcul des Indices de volume, on a utilise les ponderations suivantes: pays en developpement: 30,4%; pays industriels a Etconom•e de marcM: 09,6% • Los indices se basan en datos comerciales (incluido el petr61eo) en d61ares estadoumdenses de 1980. Para calcular los Indices relatives al volumen se han empleado las s•guientes ponderac•ones: palses en desarrollo, 30,4%; palses industnales con economfa de mercado: 69,6%
2Data revised • Donnees revisees • Cifras revisadas.
Sources: United Nations, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, October 1985; UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development StatistiCS, 1985 Supplement • Sources: Nations Unies, Bulletin mensue/ de statistique, octobre 1985; CNUCED, Manuel de statistiques du commerce international et du d6ve/oppement, supplement 1985 • Fuentes: Naciones Umdas. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, Octubre 1985; UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, 1985 Supplement
4
200~------~---------r--------,---------~------~
Developm Countr1es Vol me
10 / /
9 / /
8 / /'\
7 I \ 6 I ,\ 5r---L----4--------~~------~--------+-------~
Ocv iopmg Coe;r::ne Value 4r-------,_-------+--------r-------,_ ______ _,
3r--------4--------~--------~--------+-------~
2r-------,_-------+--------r-------,_ ______ _,
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1960 1965 1970 1975
Semi-logarithmic scale
I I I I II I I I 1980 1984
I 1"'\I;IIL.!;; ..
TERMS OF TRADE INDICES, 1960-84' (1980 = 100)
Year Developing Countries
An nee Pays en developpement
Arlo Paises en desarrollo
1960 51 1961 49 1962 48 1963 48R 1964 46R
1965 44R 1966 45R 1967 41R 1968 42 1969 42
1970 42 1971 43 1972 42 1973 45 1974 80
1975 79 1976 79 1977 80 1978 75 1979 83
1980 100 1981 106R 1982 103 1983 99R 1984 99
I AOLI:.AU q
Latm Amenca2
Amenque latine2
America Lat1na2
69 69 68 68 69
68 71 67 69 74
75 72 78 82
104
107 102 104 95 93
100 98 93 94R 94
•tndlces des termes de I'Elchange, 1960-841 • lnd1ces de relaci6n de intercambio, 1960-841
CUADRO 4
lndustnal Market Afnca As1a Economies
Pays industrials a Afrique ASI8 economie de marche
Paises industnates con Africa Asia economia de mercado
54 38 117 49 37 117 45 36 122 45 36 117 43 34 121
41 33 120 42 33 120 40 30 120 38 31 120 38 31 119
40 30 122 43 32 122 41 31 123 44 33 122 75 74 108
71 72 109 73 74 109 77 74 106 69 70 108 78 80 107
100 100 100 107 110 99R 101R 109 100 96R 102 101 97 103 100
1 Un1t value index of exports dlvtded by un1t value mdex of imports Includes petroleum • Iodice des valeurs un1ta1res des exportations d1v1s8 par l'tnd1ce des valeurs umta1res des importations. Y compns petrole • El 1ndice del valor umtarto de las exportaciones div1d1do por el ind1ce del valor umtario de las importactones. lncluye el petr6leo
21ncludes Caribbean countries • Y compns Anttlles • Comprende los paises del Canbe.
Sources: Un1ted Nations, Monthly Bulletm of StatiStiCS, October 1985; UNCTAD. Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics. 1985 Supplement • Sources: Nattons Umes, Bulletin mensuel de statJstique, octobre 1985; CNUCED, Manuel de stat1St1ques du commerce international et du d&veloppement. supplement1985 • Fuentes. Naciones Unidas, Monthly Bulletm of StatiStiCS, Octubre 1985, UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development StatJstJcs, 1985 Supplement.
300
200
Industrial Market Economies
j _,......_,.- --____ .... \ r-~-, ~~--100
I '-1 ~ 90
J 1 .... dtU' :..mer:Cd
80
~/ ~ ~~/ ~ ..... 70 '-../
60
' ~. Developing Countries I
50 - '\ '
~~\ I
' ~! 40
"'-, ---, .... '-..../ '\ I ,, I .... ... _,
' Arr:cca :- /~SI::t ,, -, I
\ ,, , ; \ ,.,.---...... ; ~
30
20
-·
Semr-logarithmic scale
10 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I-~ I I I I
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984
5
TABLE 5 TABLEAU 5 VALUE INDICES OF DIRECTION OF WORLD EXPORTS, 1960-84* (1980 = 100)
From lndustnal Market Economies· From Developmg Countries*" Year An nee to industnal to developing to nonmarket to •ndustnal to developmg to nonmarkel Ana market econom•es' countnes .. economies··· market economies· countries*' economies**'
1960 6.7 7.4 4.9 5.1 4.4 5.9 1961 7.2 7.6 5.3 5.1 4.4 7.2 1962 7.8 7.4 5.5 5.3 4.6 7.6 1963 8.6 7.9 6.1 5.8 4.8 8.1 1964 9.7 8.6 7.5 6.4 5.3 9.4
1965 10.7 9.2 8.2 6.7 5.5 11.6
1966 11.8 10.1 9.4 7.2 5.7 11.3 1967 12.6 10.3 10.3 7.5 5.9 10.4
1968 14.2 11.4 10.6 8.2 6.4 11.1
1969 16.6 12.6 11.6 9.2 7.1 12.8
1970 19.3 14.3 13.7 10.3 7.9 15.2 1971 21.6 16.1 14.7 11.5 9.4 14.7 1972 25.8 18.2 19.4 13.7 11.0 18.2 1973 34.9 25.1 30.1 20.5 16.6 26.3 1974 44.5 38.8 43.5 42.2 345 40.0
1975 45.0 47.2 54.7 37.8 35.5 48.8
1976 51.2 50.2 55.4 46.4 41.8 51.3
1977 57.7 58.9 56.2 52.4 48.9 58.9 1978 69.1 70.6 69.6 54.8 51.8 64.0 1979 87.1 80.2 85.9 75.5 72.9 74.3
1980 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1981 94.5 108.6 95.2 93.8 110.3 107.4 1982 90.7 99.3 86.8 79.2R 104.2R 113.2R 1983 92.4R 90.5 84.8R 73.9R 96.4R 113.5R 1984 100.2 90.6 88.0 79.6 103.2 112.8
1980 Exports. fob (mil. US$) 894,026 293,387 61,162 391,574 138,922 20,590
'Indices de valeur des courants d'exportat1ons mondtales. 1960-84 • Indices de valores de Ia cornente de exportactones mundiales,
'Pays rndustriels a economre demarche • Paises industnales con economia de mercado
'*Pays en developpement • Paises en desarrollo
'*'Economres plamfrees • Economfas no de mercado
CUADRO 5
From Nonmarket Econom•es'''
to Industrial to developing to nonmarket market econom1es' countnes'' economies**'
5.0 4.4 12.7 5.3 6.4 12.5 5.5 8.2 13.7 6.3 8.5 14.5 7.3 9.2 15.4
8.3 10.1 16.1 9.9 11.5 16.2
10.5 12.0 17.6 10.9 13.1 19.5 12.3 14.7 21.1
13.7 16.4 23.3 15.3 17.0 25.6 18.0 19.3 30.6 27.3 28.2 37.9 40.0 36.8 42.5
40.9 42.1 55.7 47.3 45.8 58.9 52.6 580 68.1 59.2 72.4 79.3 81.6 84.4 89.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 99.4 118.3 100.1
103.7 131.2 104.0 106.0R 130.9R 112.6R 108.8 115.0 117.1
56,368 31,633 85,479
1960-84
Sources: United Natrons, Monthly Bulletm of Statrstics, UNCTAD. Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statrstrcs • Sources. Natrons Unres, Bulletin mensue/ de statistrque: CNUCED, Manuel de statistiques du commerce mternational et du developpement • Fuentes: Nacrones Unrdas. Monthly Bulletin of Statrstics: UNCTAD, Handbook of lnternatrona/ Trade and Development Statrsttcs
6
200
,.-..
~j 100 .41".. .......
90
80 I " I v 70 ,, 60 _,0 50
.,,/ l/ 40
"" 'I r 30
From Developing to Nonmarket Economies
20
\/ ~ l "'-, , 10
,, I / / 9 , /e.. 1/ 8
,~ / / i'-.,. 7
1/ / /.. ~ 6
5 ./, ,- _\ ....... From Developmg to
lndustnal Market
~ 1\ Economres
4 From Dev~loping to
Developing Countries
a
2
Semi-logarithmic scale
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I r I I I I 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1984
1 AHLE 6 TABLEAU 6 MARKET SHARES OF WORLD TRADE BY ECONOMIC CLASSES, 1960-84* (percent)
From Industrial Market Economies· From Developmg Countnes·· Year Annee to Industrial to developing to nonmarket to mdustnal to developing to nonmarket Aria market economtes· countnes·· economies··· market econom1es' countries·· economtes ...
1960 70.5 25.5 3.5 72.2 22.3 4.5 1961 71.2 24.7 3.6 71.4 22.1 5.4 1962 73.1 23.0 3.6 71.5 22.0 5.4 1963 73.8 22.2 3.6 72.3 21.3 5.3 1964 74.2 21.6 3.9 72.0 21.2 5.6
1965 74.7 21.1 3.9 71.6 21.0 6.6 1966 74.7 20.9 4.1 72.5 20.6 6.0 1967 75.2 20.3 4.2 73.4 20.4 5.3 1968 75.9 19.9 3.9 73.8 20.4 5.2 1969 76.8 19.2 3.7 73.6 20.1 5.4
1970 76.9 18.7 3.7 73.4 20.0 5.7 1971 77.0 18.8 3.6 72.7 21.1 4.9 1972 77.5 18.0 4.0 73.1 20.8 5.1 1973 76.7 18.1 4.5 73.1 21.0 4.9 1974 73.5 21.0 4.9 73.3 21.3 3.7
1975 69.7 24.0 5.8 70.1 23.4 4.8 1976 71.3 22.9 5.3 71.2 22.7 4.1 1977 70.9 23.8 4.7 71.0 23.5 4.2 1978 70.8 23.8 4.9 71.1 23.8 4.4 1979 72.7 22.0 4.9 70.9 24.3 3.7
1980 70.9 23.3 4.9 70.1 24.9 3.7 1981 68.4 25.8 4.7 67.0 27.9 4.0 1982 69.3 24.9 4.5 64.2 29.9 4.8R
1983 71.4R 22.9R 4.5R 64.0R 29.6R 5.2R
1984 72.9 21.6 4.4 64.3 29.6 4.8
CUADRO 6
From Nonmarket Econom1es ...
to industnal to developing to nonmarket market economies· countnes'' economies·•·
18.7 9.3 72.0 19.1 12.9 68.1 17.9 14.9 66.9 18.8 14.4 66.2 20.2 14.3 65.1
21.5 14.7 63.3 24.1 15.7 59.8 23.8 15.3 60.4 22.8 15.3 61.7 23.3 15.6 60.7
23.5 15.8 60.5 24.0 15.0 60.8 23.7 14.3 61.3
26.9 15.6 56.6
31.7 16.3 51.1
27.3 15.8 56.3 29.0 15.7 54.7 27.8 17.2 54.5
26.8 18.4 54.5 30.9 17.9 51.7
32.2 18.1 48.8 31.1 20.8 47.5
30.9 22.0 47.0 30.2R 20.9R 48.6R 30.0 17.8 48.9
·Parts du marche du commerce mondial par categories econom1que, ~960-84 (en pourcentages) • Partlc1pa.c1ones de los mercados en el comerc1o mund1al par categor1as econ6m1cas. 1960-84 (porcentaJe).
Note. Due to errors and omiSSIOns, detail w111 not total 100 • Note: En ra1son d'erreurs et omiSSions. le total ne sera pas ngoureusement egal a 100 • Nota. Debido a errores y omis1ones, las di11ersas cifras no suman 100.
"Pays industrials a economie demarche • Pa1ses 1ndustnales con economfa de mercado
**Pays en developpement • Paises en desarrollo
... Econom1es planifi6es • Economias no de mercado.
Sources: UN, Monthly Bulletin of Statisttcs; UNCTAD. Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics • Sources: NU, Bulletin mensuel de stat1st1que, CNUCED. Manuel de statist1ques du commerce international et du deve/oppement • Fuentes: NU, Monthly Bulletin of Statist1cs; UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics.
FROM DEVELOPING TO
Industrial Market Economics 64.3~/o 70 1°1<:' 73 40:1o
Developing Countries 29.6% 24.9'% 20.0%
Nonmarket Economies 4.8% 3.7% 5.7%
TOTAL 484.4 Billion TOTAL $558.6 Billion TOTAL $55.0 Billion
TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (million US dollars)
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
America
Argentina
Bahamas Barbados
Belize Bolivia
Brazil Chile Colombia
Costa Rica Cuba
Dominican Rep. Ecuador
El Salvador Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras Jamaica Mex1co Neth. Antilles
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay
Peru Sun name
Trinidad & Tobago Uruguay Venezuela
Amer Nesc Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
(.)
247.1
(.)
2.1
50.8 38.4
(.) 0.9
3.4 1.5 4.3 8.1
0.8
1.1 0.2
4.9
17.6 5.4
386.7
Coffee
071.1
0.1
14.9
1823.3
1497.1 229.2
44.8
83.0 131.1 419.9 337.1
0.1
40.9 158.8
7.7 412.8
8.6
125.0 14.0 0.5
106.8
2.2
4.4 0.8
5463.2
Tea
074.1
30.6
(.)
(.)
12.0
(.)
0.7 0.2 0.1
(.)
0.5
0.1
(.)
44.3
Rtce
042
30.4
(.)
0.2
8.3
4.1 14.7
(.)
(.)
26.9
0.2 0.9
(.)
36.9
(.)
92.7 1.8 0.1
217.5
Mafze
044
898.7
()
0.3
42.4 0.1
(.)
(.)
1.1 1.5 (.)
0.7
8.7
(.)
0.3 1.2
0.1 0.3
(.)
955.3
Wheat and Meslm
041
971.3
0.3
(.)
0.8
19.3 (.)
991.6
Sugar
061.1 T
061.2
172.0
25.2 35.5
9.0
723.1 4.2
66.9 24.1
4513.2
346.9 4.6
23.6 67.3 90.0
1.8 34.1 49.9
2.6 0.8
36.2 38.7
3.1 6.7
24.7 2.1 (.)
11.9 6318.2
Beef
011.1
431.2
(.)
0.1 0.2
174.1 (.)
43.0 53.0
8.0 (.)
2.3 27.3
2.0 37.2
11.2
27.4 6.2 2.3
0.1 202.2
0.1
1027.9
Bananas
057.3
22 (.)
11.3 0.1
140.4 2305
2.7 191.4
62.3
(.)
197.1 5.4 2.0
23.3 70.5
() (.)
6.2
(.)
3.6 40.3
989.4
Copra
223.1
0.4
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.5
Groundnuts
222.1
36.4
(.)
17.3
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.4
0.5
2.0
(.)
0.2 57.0
Coconut Groundnut Oil 011
424.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.6
()
(.)
(.) (.)
3.9 5.7
423.4
24.3
39.7
64.0
Linseed Oil
424.1
90.8
0.8
(.)
2.3
93.8
Palm Oil
424.2
2.0
(.)
0.1
0.6
03
3.1
Fish Meal
018.42
0.5
2.0 253.5
(.)
28.6
3.8
152.8
2.2
0.3 443.7
Cotton
263.1
35.9
0.1
973
47.7
0.6
0.2 1.7
51.7 77.0
7.7
2026
1050
112.3 59.0
(.)
0.1 798.8
Jute
264+ 265.8
0.1
0.3
(.)
0.3
Sisal
265.4
29.7
(.)
0.8
6.5
37.0
Hides Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber T1mber and Skinsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper Tin Lead Z1nc Ore Ore Rock 33 CommodJtles Other Exports
268.1 + 232 245 + 246 + 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 T 287.6 j 287.4" 287.5+ 281 281.7 271.3 268.2 247 + 248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1
America
205.4 (.) 0.7 42.7 45.4 4.5 1.8 3022.6 5236.4 8259.0 Argentina 2852.0 2852.0 Bahamas
25.3 232.1 257.3 Barbados 0.2 1.5 39.7 58.6 98.3 Belize 3.4 9.2 0.1 1.1 2.2 259.9 7.4 16.9 324.7 575.7 900.3 Bollvra
9.4 0.1 178.5 1.1 433.0 151.8 109.0 5.6 76.3 1702.7 49.6 5948.4 15840.6 21789.0 Brazil 18.8 104.8 2.2 2.3 1759.4 0.8 144.0 2290.1 1527.2 3817.3 Chile
(.) 1.9 21.4 0.8 1823.5 1220.5 3044.0 Colombra 0.7 0.6 0.2 555.1 360.5 915 7 Costa Rica
38.5 2.9 4600.2 499.8 5100.0 Cuba
(.) 37.0 2.8 533.1 380 6 913.7 Dominican Rep. 11.1 0.1 1.3 1223.7 0.7 1634.4 727.6 2362.0 Ecuador
(.) 0.9 500.2 243.4 743.7 El Salvador 2.9 0.1 14.2 0.3 589.6 578.7 1168.3 Guatemala
0.1 6.3 76.8 200.1 61.2 261.3 Guyana
0.6 9.9 59.4 101.3 160.7 Haiti (.) 27.1 4.6 11.6 7.9 13.9 502.4 197.6 700.0 Honduras
0.5 135.1 203.0 621.0 824.0 Jamaica 3.6 1.9 38.3 15456.7 202.5 40.6 66.6 9.9 16475.1 4185.5 20660.7 Mextco
119.9 129.4 5270.6 5400.0 Neth. Antilles
2.1 0.7 3.9 325.0 114.0 4390 Nicaragua 0.6 2.2 138.1 172.5 310.7 Panama
53.8 2.4 7.5 184.9 118.5 303.3 Paraguay 4.4 (.) 2.7 0.4 0.2 359.3 384.5 29.5 101.8 235.2 84.2 1530.2 1657.5 3187.7 Peru
5.4 26.9 75.9 346.1 422.0 Suriname
(.) 1331.4 1363.5 1699.5 3063.0 Tnnrdad & Tobago 121.7 (.) 1.2 444.1 650.3 1094.3 Uruguay
(.) 1.0 11598.3 227.6 11854.6 5335.4 17190.0 Venezuela (.) 3.9 0.2 67.3 143.7 211.0 Amer Nesc
359.8 7.5 414.4 57.3 659.8 30242.2 360.6 2358.7 370.2 157.7 335.6 2158.5 59.5 55440.0 51008.4 106448.3 Sub-Total
TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (Cont'd.) (million US dollars)
10
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benm Botswana Burkina
Burundi Cameroon Central Afr. Rep. Chad
Congo, P.R.
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Equatorial Guinea Eth1opia
Gabon Gambia, The
Ghana Gumea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali
Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique
Namibta
Niger Nigeria Rwanda
Senegal Sierra Leone
Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo
Tunista Uganda
Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe
Afnca Nes0
Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
5.1
134.0 (.)
3.0
13.5
5.7
340.2 5.2
552.1 (.)
11.4 2.8 (.)
254.9
12.2
2.1 20.3
0.2 5.2
10.7 1378.5
Coffee
071.1
87.7 4.3 (.)
71.8 170.3
27.5
4.0
(.)
1.0 242.3
1.5
2.4 9.4
442.0 250.5
20.1 107.7
1.2
(.)
(.)
3.4 57.7
(.)
11.7
137.6 16.6
0.1 307.3 115.5
17.6
2.2 2113.6
Tea
074.1
(.)
0.1
2.6 1.0 (.)
(.)
(.) 162.9
0.1 41 9
6.6 (.)
16.8
7.6 (.)
20.0 (.)
0.8 2.2
8.8
1.5
273.0
RICe
042
(.)
01 1.6
(.)
20.4
0.1 (.)
0.4 1.7
(.)
(.) 0.7
(.)
(.)
0.4 25.5
Ma1ze
044
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.3 6.4
0.1 3.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
4.0
(.)
50 6
440.0 504.8
Wheat and Meslin
041
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
11.6 12.8
Sugar
061 1 ~ 061.2
0.1
3.7
3.5
11.9
2.8 0.4
18.7 14.6
(.)
8.2 49.1
211.4
11.7
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
118.1 2.4
(.)
3.1
2.0 66.6
204.8 733.0
Bee!
011.1
67.5 0.6
0.1
2.4
02 0.7
3.1
(.1
(.)
0.1
0.2
(.)
0.2 3.8
7.4
86.4
Bananas
057.3
(.)
2.5
0.1
(.)
(.)
21.0 0.1
0.2
(.)
0.3
(.)
0.1
12.9
(.)
(.)
0.8 38.1
Copra
223.1
(.)
2.9
1.2
3.2 7.3
Groundnuts
222.1
0.1 0.2
0.1
6.7
0.1
12.2
3.0 (.)
0.1
0.2 6.3 0.5
1.0
(.)
0.4
4.9
47.0
0.2 2.3
24.2 109.5
Coconut Groundnut Oil 011
424.3
10.2 0.1
1.0
(.)
11.4
423.4
(.)
(.)
5.8
(.)
(.)
3.3
(.)
72.4
7.7
(.)
0.6
11.8 101.6
Linseed 0•1
424.1
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.1
Palm Oil
424.2
1.4
3.1
(.)
0.1 29.8
(.)
2.7
1.3
(.)
(.)
0.1
1.8
40.3
F1sh Meal
018.42
6.6 0.2 2.9
1.9
(.)
3.0 14.6
Cotton
263.1
1.0 7.4 0.4
28.2
2.2 383 69
42.7
435.7
7.8
0.7 68.1
1.7
4.9 0.7
60.1
3.7 17.3
{.)
10.3
164.0 7.3
61.6 15.1
5.7
3.4 76.9
0.1 1071.9
Jute
264+ 265.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
S1sal
265.4
1.8
19.3
5.9
1.5
0.1
23.2
0.1 51.9
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
0.9
(.)
1.9
4.5
170.0 177.4
Rubber
232
7.0 0.2
(.)
24.3 (.)
71.1
(.)
23.3
18.6
0.3 144.8
Timber
245 + 246 f 247 f 248
91.0 24.4
32.0
3.5
129.2
12.8
0.1 311.3
1.5
45.2 0.2 (.)
3.9
0.7
15.3 1.0
(.)
10.3
5.7
9.5 698.6
H1des and Sk1nsb
211
0.7 3.3
2.5
0.9 3.3 0.8 3.1
0.7
26.8
0.4
1.0 14.0
0.4 1.7
1.6
4.7 1.2 2.1 2.0
11.1 9.2
7.7
1.9
1.4 3.1
57.6 163.2
Tobacco
121
(.)
4.6
(.)
4.6 0.9
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.1 123.6
(.)
0.1
0.2
0.1 0.2
16.2 0.1
1.7 0.3
3.8 265.6
11.2 434.3
Petroleum
333
4509.3 1345.0
971.7
1779.0
1458.0
4.4
49.7
13359.3
1004.0
188.7
24669.1
Baux1te
287.31
1.5 226.4
5.3
233.2
Copper
287.1 f
682.1
0.4
22.7
(.)
19.5
51.0
579.6 968.6 29.5
195.9 1867.3
287.6 t
687.1
4.7
0.3 24.4 14.7
4.0
11.7
28.5 88.4
Lead
287.4 f 685.1
54.4
23.1
6.1
7.3
50.4 141.4
287.5 t
686.1
10.0
3.4
12.5
3.5
57.2 28.4
115.1
Iron Ore
281
19.2 0.8
301.3
145.6
(.)
1.5
215.3 683.7
Manganese Ore
281.7
103.6
4.6
9.7
0.4
113.8 232.1
Phosphate Rock
271 3
32.8
5.1
612.9
53.9
85.4
42.4
3.9 836.5
Total 33 Commodit1es
4572.5 1444.2
18.1 90.9 31.7
77.5 460.7
60.7 45.8
1015.2
2260.6 18.0
282.1 1698.4
17.9
366.3 241.0
3.9 1528.8 474.1
4.5 451.8 135.0 228.2
65.6
152.3 218.3 706.6 58.0 91.3
5.1 13669.2
82.1 146.5 31.0
24.0 228.1 144.7 277.2 137.6
1061.5 320.4 991.0
1015.0 534.8
1571.0 37059.2
Other
74059 0.3
17.5 399.1
30.9
1.2 559.7
35.3 24.5 28.5
928.7 0.9
111.5 414.0 21.8
445.7 192.4
8.8 750 2 572.9
30.2 22.8
193.7 20.1 901
113.7 134.7
1440.4 155.4 108.7
3709 1096.8
4.6 3365
96.7
163.0 3655 190.6 184.5 46.1
1068.2 66 0.3
33.6 734.2
8628.7 27586 2
Total Exports
Africa
11978.3 Algeria 1444.5 Angola
35.7 Benin 490.0 Botswana
62.7 Burkina
78.7 Burundi 1020.3 Cameroon
96.0 Central Afr. Rep. 70.3 Chad
1043.7 Congo, P.R.
3189.3 Egypt, Arab Rep. 18.8 Equatorial Guinea
393.7 Ethiopia 2112.3 Gabon
39.7 Gambia. The
812.0 Ghana 433.3 Guinea
12.7 Guinea-Bissau 2279.0 Ivory Coast 1047.0 Kenya
34.7 Lesotho 474.7 Lrbena 328.7 Madagascar 248.3 Malawr 155.7 Mali
266.0 Mauritania 353.0 Mauntius
2147.0 Morocco 213.3 Mozambrque 200.0 Namibia
376.0 Niger 14766.0 Nigeria
86.7 Rwanda 483.0 Senegal 127.7 Sierra Leone
187.0 Somalia 593.7 Sudan 335.3 Swazrland 461.7 Tanzania 183.7 Togo
2129.7 Tunisia 327.0 Uganda 991.3 Zaire
1048.7 Zambia 1269.0 Zimbabwe
10199.7 64645.4
Africa Nesd Sub-Total
11
TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (Cont'd.) (million US dollars)
Wheat and Meslin
Coconut Groundnut Cocoa Coffee Tea Rice Ma1ze Sugar Beef Bananas Copra Groundnuts 01l Oil
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh Burma China India
Indonesia Iran Iraq
Jordan Korea, Rep.
Lebanon Malaysia
Nepal Pakistan Philippines
Sri Lanka
Syrian Arab Rep. Thailand
Yemen, Arab Rep. Yemen. P.D.R.
Asia Nes8
Sub-Total
Oceania
Fiji Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands Vanuatu
Oceania Nes1
Sub-Total
Southern Europe
Cyprus
Greece Israel Malta
Portugal
Turkey Yugoslavia
Sub-Total
Total Developing Other" World Gross Exports
072.1
(.)
17.6
85.9
0.2
1.2
(.)
105.0
0.3 47.8
1.3 1.3 1.6
523
(.)
(.)
1922.5 165.5
2088.0
071.1
(.)
13.1 189.9
371.6 (.)
5.3 0.1
4.7
45.2
5.2
15.2 0.5 1.6
6.2 658.7
(.)
109.8
0.1 (.)
109.9
1.0 1.2 0.5
0.1
0.5 3.3
8348.7 770.3
9118.9
074.1
43.1
232.8 485.1
103.6 1.2
(.)
0.3
0.8 (.)
3.6
332.2
0.5
(.)
9.2 1212.4
0.1 10.7
10.8
0.1 (.)
0.1
(.)
3.3 0.1 3.7
1544.1 281.4
1825.6
042
2.3 179.4 251.2 235.7
(.)
0.4 0.1
0.5 1.3
27.9 416.3
13.1
(.)
1022.1
0.1
94.8 2245.1
(.)
(.)
0.7
(.)
0.7
0.1 1.0 0.2
0.8
(.)
1.2 3.3
2492.2 2040.6 4532.7
044
2.8 12.7
1.1
4.6 (.)
1.0 0.1
0.2 0.1
(.)
366.9 (.)
2.0 391.6
(.)
(.)
0.7 6.6 0.2 (.)
0.1
(.)
123.7 131.3
1983.0 8354.9
10338.0
041
(.)
3.6
7.1
(.)
0.7
(.)
7.3 18.7
(.) 76.1
(.)
68.0 12.2
156.3
1179.4 15859.6 17039.1
061.1 + 061.2
0.3
131.8 138.8
132.0
17.9 0.2 0.1
427.3
(.)
425.8
(.)
5.3 1279.6
132.8 0.9
(.)
133.8
(.)
0.7 1.6
4.4
57.0 2.5
66.2
8530.7 3810.5
12341.2
011.1
16.5 47.5
0.8 0.1
(.)
(.)
0.2
0.1 (.)
(.)
28.3 93.6
(.)
1.2 (.)
1.3
(.)
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
21.0 107.2 128.8
1338.1 6661.3 7999.4
057.3
33.9 0.6
(.) (.)
0.1 2.1
1.6 126.3
1.8
(.)
3.9 170.2
(.)
1.0 1.0
(.)
2.1
(.)
(.)
2.1
1200.7 182.6
1383.4
223.1
0.4
0.2
7.9
29.1
2.7
0.3 40.8
25.0 8.4
10.9 5.6
49.9
98.4 9.7
108.1
222.1
133.2 32.9
0.7
0.7 (.)
0.1
0.5 8.2
9.4 185.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
12.2
6.8
19.0
371.2 243.3 614.5
424.3
(.)
1.5
(.)
37.8
(.)
483.4
15.2
(.)
1.0 539.0
8.2 19.7
0.1 5.0
32.9
0.1
(.)
1.6
1.7
590.7 92.1
682.8
"Matnces Des Exportations De Quelques ProdUitS De Base En Provenance Des Pays En Devetoppement, Par ProdUitS De Base Et Par Pays, Valeur Moyenne Au Cours De La Penode 1981-83 • Matnz De Producto Bas1C01Pa1s De Las Exportac1ones De Productos Primaries Selecc•onados De Los Pa1ses En Desarrollo, Valor Med1o En El Penodo 1981·83
12
aExcludes Hong Kong and Smgapore
bMmor exporters are excluded.
c Amenca Nes includes St. P1erre and M1quelon. Antigua, St. K1tts-Nev1s, Dom1mca, St Lucia, St. V1ncent, and Grenada
dAfrica Nes 1nctudes Cape Verde Islands, Camero Islands. DJ1bout1, Sao Tome and Pnnc1pe, Seychelles Islands, West Sahara, and South A1nca
eAs1a Nes includes Bhutan. Macao, Mald1ve Islands, Democratic Kampuchea. Laos. PDR. Korea Dem. Rep .. Mongolia, and V1et Nam.
1 Oceama Nes mcludes Cook Islands, Western Samoa. Nauru, Chnstmas Islands, and Klflbat1
9Jncludes mdustnal market econom1es and nonmarket econom1es.
Sources: FAO. Commodity Revtew and Outlook; FAO. Trade Yearbook Computer Tapes. FAO. Yearbook of Forest Products Computer Tapes, FAO, Yearbook of Fishery StattstJcs: UN. Yearbook of /nternaDonal Trade Stat1sDcs; UN, D·Seoes Trade Data System; UNCTAD, Yearbook of /nternatJonal Commodity Statistics
423.4
45.0
(.)
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.1 46.6
(.)
1.7
1.6
3.4
215.5 86.4
302.0
Linseed 011
424.1
(.)
0.1
0.1
0.1
(.)
0.1
0.2
94.2 54.1
148.3
Palm 011
424.2
0.1
119.2
1201.0
(.)
0.1
1320.3
26.3 7.5
33.8
0.1
0.1
0.2
1397.7 314.9
1712.7
Fish Meal
018.42
0.3 0.2
(.)
0.8
0.3
0.8
55.9
0.1
(.)
58.5
(.)
(.)
(.)
516.8 488.5
1005.4
Cotton
263.1
13.9 0.5 3.6
73.5 107.5
0.1 0.1
0.2
370.8 (.)
0.1 143.9
9.9 2.1 2.7
(.)
728.8
28.2 124.0
0.1
280.5 0.7
433.4
3033.0 3677.4 6710.4
Jute
264+ 265.8
107.6 3.2
11.2 9.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
9.6
2.1
1.5 144.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
144.7 5.9
150.6
S1sa1
265.4
0.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.6
0.6
0.6
90.2 1.4
91.6
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
23.1
28.9
0.1 1.1 (.)
0.1
1.7 0.2
9.7
6.8
51.5 123.1
0.5 0.5 0.1 (.)
0.7
(.)
0.9 2.8
663.1 2998.1 3661.2
Rubber
232
9.3 0.4 (.)
763.4
1.8
1442.6
7.0
127.8
474.6
36.2 2863.2
3.2
3.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
3018.6 53.7
3072.3
Timber
245 I 246 + 247 +248
120.5 49.6 15.2
628.7 (.)
34.3
0.8 1828.8
11.7
284.4
4.3 0.9 5.7
(.)
18.6 3003.4
2.0 71.1 21.4
0.8 0.9
96.2
0.2 1.9
91.1
17.0 283.2 393.3
4605.9 11951.9 16557.9
Hides and Skmsb
211
11.4
0.1 26.7
8.1 39.4
6.8
16.4 1.5
18.1 0.5
1.2 0.6 0.7
10.2 1.3
1.6 144.7
1.1 17.8
0.1 4.7
0.2 23.9
389.1 1992.3 2381.4
Tobacco Petroleum
121
1.3
38.3 201.5
42.2 0.7
(.)
104.2
11.9 (.)
0.6 0.8
42.8
2.2 4.2
89.6 (.)
1.8
12.1 554.1
(.)
0.2
0.2
0.1 187.9
(.)
1.8 0.2
327.0 90.3
607.4
333
3684.2 652.3
10951.3 15062.3 9474.3
3283.8
1202.7
44311.0
274.5
274.5
2255.7 99496.8 2143.3 167870.8 4399.0 267367.6
Bauxite
287.31
8.8 0.4
8.2
6.1
23.5
29.7
33.5 63.2
680.4 129.1 809.5
Copper
287.1 + 682.1
0.1 27.4
104.1 29.2
18.8
35.5
337.9
553.1
288.8
288.8
0.5
3.2
1.8 14.2 19.9
5087.7 2881.3 7969.0
287.6 I
687.1
16.5 39.4
346.4
739.1
328.0
5.8 1475.1
1933.7 654.5
2588.2
Lead
287.4 + 685.1
1.8
35.6 37.5
15.6
29.9 45.5
382.1 786.1
1168.1
Zinc
287.5+ 686.1
1.9
12.2
6.1
1.8
71.4 93.3
10.4
6.3 19.5 36.1
580.1 1858.2 2438.2
281
354.2
(.)
0.6
354.8
0.7 07
3197.7 3634.5 6832.2
Manganese Ore
281.7
11.8
0.1
0.1
0.3
12.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
304.0 72.9
376.9
Phosphate Rock
271.3
152.8
34.2
187.0
106.7 106.7
75.1
75.1
1205.4 592.3
1797.7
Total 33 Commod1t1es
48.4 155.0 337.5
4859.4 2483.1
13468.1 15145.2 9482.2
164.7 300.9
32.3 8702.1
68.2 811.6
1798.6
492.6 1394.5 2807.6
12.8 7.6
403.1 62975.4
143.5 603.5
39.3 14.3
120.9 921.5
4.5 654.1 216.4
2.1 109.5
789.0 720.6
2496.1
158892.2 240719.7 399611.9
Other
645.6 518.0
78.2 17015.3 6147.9
9411.2 2278.1
699.5 523.3
22216.4
719.0 3940.9
39.2 1996.4 3450.8
568.1 615.2
3976.0 30.8
719.0
22174.2 97763.3
135.5 186.9
22.4 14.0 27.4
386.1
530.5 3691.6 4854.9
405.3 4196.2
4571.7 9356.8
27606.9
204350.8 1281611.3 1485962.1
Total Exports
Asia
694.0 Afghanistan
673.0 Bangladesh
415.7 Burma
21874.7 China
8631.0 India
22879.3 lndones1a
17423.3 Iran
10181.7 Iraq
688.0 Jordan
22517.3 Korea. Rep. of
751.3 Lebanon
12643.0 Malaysia
107.3 Nepal
2808.0 Pakistan
5249.3 Philippines
1060.7 Sri Lanka
2009.7 Synan Arab Rep.
6783.7 Thailand
43.7 Yemen, Arab Rep.
726.7 Yemen. P.D.R
22577.3 160738.7
Asia Nes9
Sub-Total
Oceania
279.0 Fiji
790.3 Papua New Guinea
61.7 Solomon Islands
28.3 Vanuatu
148.3 1307.6
Oceania Nes1
Sub-Total
Southern Europe
535.0 Cyprus
4345.7 Greece
5071.3 Israel
407.3 Malta
4305.7 Portugal
5360.7 Turkey
10077.3 Yugoslavia
30103.0 Sub-Total
363243.0 Total Developing 1522330.9 Other!• 1885574.0 World Gross Exports
13
TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (percent)
14
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
America
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil Ch1le
Colombia
Costa R1ca
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mextco
Neth. Antilles
Nicaragua Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad & Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
Amer Nesc
Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
(.)
11.8
(.)
0.1
2.4 1.8 (.)
(.)
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4
()
0.1 (.)
0.2
0.8 0.3
18.5
Coffee
071.1
(.)
0.2
20.0
16.4 2.5 0.5
0.9 1.4 4.6 3.7
(.)
0.4 1.7 0.1 4.5 0.1
1.4 0.2
(.)
12
(.)
(.) (.)
59.9
Tea
074.1
1.7
(.)
(.)
0.7
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
2.4
RIC€
042
0.7
(.)
(.)
0.2
0.1 0.3
(.)
(.)
0.6
(.)
()
(.)
0.8
(.)
2.0 (.)
()
4.8
Maize
044
8.7
(.)
(.)
0.4 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
()
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
9.2
Wheat and Meslln
041
5.7
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
5.8
Sugar
061.1 + 061.2
1.4
0.2 0.3 0.1
5.9 (.)
0.5 0.2
36.6
2.8 (.)
0.2 0.5 0.7
(.)
0.3 0.4 ()
(.)
0.3 0.3 (.)
0.1
0.2 (.)
(.)
0.1 51.2
Beef
011.1
5.4
(.)
(.)
(.)
2.2
(.)
0.5 0.7
0.1 (.)
() 0.3
(.)
0.5
0.1
0.3 0.1 ()
(.)
2.5 (.)
12.9
CUADRO 8
Bananas
057.3
0.2 (.)
0.8 (.)
10.2 16.7
0.2 13.8
4.5
(.)
14.2 0.4 0.1
1.7 5.1 (.)
(.)
0.5
(.)
0.3 2.9
71.5
Copra
223.1
0.4
(.)
()
0.1 0.5
Groundnuts
222.1
5.9
(.)
2.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
0.1
0.1
0.3
(.)
(.)
9.3
Coconut Groundnut Oil 011
424.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
()
0.6 0.8
423.4
8.0
13.2
21.2
Linseed 01
424.1
61.2
0.5
(.)
1.5
63.3
Palm 011
424.2
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
Fish Meal Cotton
018.42
(.)
0.2 25.2
()
2.8
0.4
15.2
0.2
() 44.1
263.1
0.5
(.)
1.4
0.7
(.)
(.)
() 0.8 1.1
0.1
3.0
1.6
1.7 0.9
(.)
(.)
11.9
Jute
264+ 265.8
0.1
0.2
(.)
0.2
S1sal
265.4
32.4
(.)
0.9
7.1
40.4
Hides Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber T1mber and Skmsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper T1n Lead Z1nc Ore Ore Rock 33 Commod1t1es Other Exports
268.1 + 232 245+246+ 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 + 287.6 f 287.4+ 287.5 + 281 281.7 271.3 268.2 247 +248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1
America
5.6 (.) (.) 1.8 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.4 Argentina 0.2 0.2 Bahamas
(.) (.) (.) Barbados (.) (.) (.) (.) (.) Belize
0.1 0.1 (.) (.) (.) 10.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 (.) (.) Bolivia
0.3 (.) 1.1 (.) 9.8 0.1 13.5 0.1 2.9 24.9 13.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 Brazil 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 22.1 (.) 2.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 Chile
(.) (.) 0.5 (.) 0.5 0.1 0.2 Colombia (.) (.) (.) 0.1 (.) (.) Costa R1ca
0.9 (.) 1.2 (.) 0.3 Cuba
(.) 0.8 0.3 0.1 (.) (.) Dominican Rep. 0.1 (.) (.) 0.5 (.) 0.4 (.) 0.1 Ecuador
(.) (.) 0.1 (.) (.) El Salvador (.) (.) 0.3 (.) 0.1 () 0.1 Guatemala
(.) (.) 9.5 0.1 (.) (.) Guyana
(.) 1.2 (.) (.) (.) Haiti (.) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 (.) (.) Honduras
(.) 16.7 0.1 (.) (.) Jamaica 0.1 (.) 0.9 5.8 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.6 4.1 0.3 1.1 Mexico
(.) (.) 0.4 0.3 Neth. Antilles
(.) (.) 0.1 0.1 (.) (.) Nicaragua (.) (.) () (.) (.) Panama
0.3 0.1 0.2 (.) (.) (.) Paraguay 0.1 (.) (.) (.) (.) 0.1 4.8 1.1 8.7 9.6 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 Peru
(.) 3.3 (.) II (.) Suriname
(.) 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 Trinidad & Tobago 3.3 (.) 0.1 0.1 (.) 0.1 Uruguay
(.) (.) 4.3 3.3 3.0 0.4 0.9 Venezuela (.) (.) (.) () (.) (.) Amer Nesc
9.8 0.2 2.5 2.4 15.0 11.3 44.5 29.6 14.3 13.5 13.8 31.6 15.8 13.9 3.4 5.6 Sub-Total
15
TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)
16
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina
Burundi
Cameroon
Central Afr. Rep.
Chad
Congo, P.R.
Egypt. Arab Rep.
Equatorial Gumea
EthiOpia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Gutnea Guinea~Bissau
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Maurittus
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Africa Nesd
Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
0.2
6.4 (.)
0.1
0.6
0.3
16.3 0.2
26.4 (.)
0.5 0.1 (.)
12.2
0.6
0.1 1.0
(.) 0.2
0.5 66.0
Coffee
071.1
1.0 (.)
(.)
0.8 1.9
0.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
2.7 (.)
(.)
0.1
4.8 2.7
0.2 12 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.6 (.)
0.1
1.5 0.2
(.)
3.4 1.3
02
(.) 23.2
Tea
074.1
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
8.9
(.)
2.3
0.4 (.)
0.9
0.4 (.)
1.1 (.)
(.)
0.1
0.5
0.1 15.0
Rice
042
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.5
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.6
Maize
044
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.) (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.5
4.3 4.9
Wheat and Meslin
041
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.1
Sugar
061.1 + 061.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
0.2 0.1
(.)
0.1 0.4
1.7
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.0 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.) 0.5
1.7 5.9
Beef
011.1
0.8 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
1.1
CUADRO 8
Bananas
057.3
(.)
0.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.5 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.9
(.)
(.)
0.1 2.8
Copra
223.1
(.)
2.6
1.1
3.0 6.7
Groundnuts
222.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.1
(.)
2.0
0.5 (.)
(.)
(.)
1.0 0.1
02
(.)
0.1
0.8
7.7
(.)
0.4
3.9 17.8
Coconut 01
424.3
1.5 (.)
0.1
(.)
1.7
Groundnut 01
423.4
(.)
(.)
1.9
(.)
(.)
1.1
(.)
24.0
2.6
(.)
0.2
3.9 33.6
L1nseed 011
424.1
(.)
()
0.1 0.1
Palm 011
424.2
0.1
0.2
(.)
(.)
1.7 (.)
02
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
2.4
F1sh Meal Cotton
018.42
0.7 (.)
0.3
0.2
(.)
0.3 1.5
263.1
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.4
(.) 0.6 0.1 0.6
6.5
0.1
(.)
1.0 (.)
0.1 (.)
0.9
0.1 0.3
(.)
0.2
2.4 0.1 0.9 0.2
0.1
0.1 1.1
(.)
16.0
Jute
264+ 265.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
S1sal
265.4
1.9
21.0
6.5
1.7
0.1
25.4
0.1 56.7
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
(.)
(.)
0.1
0.1
4.6 4.8
Rubber
232
0.2 (.)
(.)
0.8 (.)
2.3
(.)
0.8
0.6
(.)
4.7
Timber
245 + 246 + 247 + 248
0.5 0.1
0.2
(.)
0.8
0.1
(.)
1.9 (.)
0.3 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.1 4.2
211
(.)
0.1
0.1
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.1
(.)
1.1
(.)
(.)
0.6
(.)
0.1
0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1 0.1
2.4 6.9
Tobacco
121
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
2.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.4 (.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 6.0
0.3 9.9
Petroleum
333
1.7 0.5
0.4
0.7
0.5
(.)
(.)
5.0
0.4
0.1
9.2
Baux1te
287.31
0.2 280
0.7
28.8
Copper
287.1 ' 682.1
(.)
0.3
(.)
0.2
0.6
7.3 12.2
0.4
2.5 23.4
287.6 + 687.1
0.2
(.)
0.9 0.6
0.2
0.5
1.1
3.4
Lead
287.4 j
685.1
4.7
2.0
0.5
0.6
4.3 12.1
Zmc
287.5 ~ 686.1
0.4
01
0.5
0.1
2.3 1.2
4.7
281
0.3 (.)
4.4
2.1
(.)
(.)
3.2 10.0
Manganese Ore
281.7
27.5
1.2
2.6
0.1
30.2 61.6
Phosphate Rock
271.3
1.8
0.3
34.1
3.0
4.8
2.4
0.2 46.5
Total 33 Commod1!1es
1.1 0.4 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.3
0.6 (.)
. 0.1
0.4 (.)
0.1 0.1 (.)
0.4 0.1
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.1 0.2 (.)
(.)
(.)
3.4 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.1 (.)
0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1
0.4 9.3
Other
0.5 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.) (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.) (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
()
(.)
0.6 1.9
Total Exports
Africa
0.6 Algeria 0.1 Angola (.) Benin (.) Botswana (.) Burkina
(.) Burundi 0.1 Cameroon (.) Central Air. Rep. (.) Chad
0.1 Congo, P.R.
0.2 Egypt, Arab Rep. (.) Equatorial Guinea (.) Ethiopia
0.1 Gabon (.) Gambia, The
(.) Ghana (.) Guinea (.) Guinea-Bissau
0.1 Ivory Coast 0.1 Kenya
(.) Lesotho (.) Liberia (.) Madagascar (.) Malawi (.) Mali
(.) Mauritania (.) Mauntius
0.1 Morocco (.) Mozambique (.) Namibia
(.) Niger 0.8 Nigena (.) Rwanda (.) Senegal (.) Sierra Leone
(.) Somalia (.) Sudan (.) Swaziland (.) Tanzania (.) Togo
0.1 Tunisia (.) Uganda
0.1 Zaire 0.1 Zambia 0.1 Zimbabwe
05
34 Afnca Nesd Sub-Total
17
TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)
SITC (Rev. 21 Code
Asia
Alghamstan Bangladesh
Burma Ch1na India
Indonesia Iran Iraq
Jordan Korea, Rep
Lebanon Malays1a Nepal
Pakistan Philippines
Sn Lanka Synan Arab Rep. Thailand Yemen, Arab Rep.
Yemen. P.D.R.
Asia Nes8
Sub-Total
Oceania
FiJi Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands Vanuatu
Oceania Nes1
Sub-Total
Southern Europe
Cyprus Greece Israel
Malta Portugal
Turkey Yugoslavia
Sub-Total
Total Developing Other9
World Gross Exports
Cocoa
072.1
(.1
0.8
4.1
(.I
0.1
(.I
5.0
1-1 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.5
(.)
(.)
92.1 7.9
100.0
Coffee
071.1
(.)
0.1 2.1
4.1 (.)
0.1 (.)
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.2 I) (.)
0.1 7.2
(.)
1.2
1-1 1-1
1 2
(.I 1-) 1-1
1-1
1-1 1-1
91.6 8.4
100.0
Tea
074.1
2.4
12.8 26.6
5.7 0.1
(.)
1-1
(.)
I) 0.2
18.2
(.)
1-1 0.5
66.4
1-1 0.6
0.6
(.)
1-1 1-1
(.)
0.2
1-1 0.2
84.6 15.4
100.0
Rtce
042
0.1 40 5.5 5.2
1-)
1-) 1-) (.)
1-1 0.6 9.2 03
1-)
22.5
1-) 2.1
49.5
1.) (.I (.)
(.)
(.)
II (.I (.)
I)
(.)
(.I 0.1
55.0 45.0
100.0
Matze
044
1-1 0.1
(.)
1-1 (.)
(.)
I)
1-1 (.)
(.)
3.5
1-1
(.)
3.8
II
1-1
(.)
0.1
1-1 1-1 (.)
1-1 1.2 1.3
19.2 80.8
100.0
Wheat and Meslln
041
(.)
1-1
1-1
1-1 1-1
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.4
1-1
0.4 0.1 0.9
6.9 93.1
100.0
Sugar
061.1 + 061.2
1-1
1.1 1.1
1.1
0.1 (.)
(.)
3.5
1-)
3.5
(.)
(.)
10.4
1.1 (.)
1-1 1.1
(.)
(.)
I)
(.)
0.5 (.)
0.5
69.1 30.9
100.0
Beef
011.1
0.2 0.6
(.)
(.)
1-1
(.)
(.)
1-) 1-1 (.)
0.4 1.2
1-1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
1-1 1-1 (.)
(.)
0.3 1.3 1.6
16.7 83.3
100.0
CUADRO 8
Bananas
057.3
2.4
1-1
I) 1-1 (.)
0.1
0.1 9.1
0.1
I)
0.3 12.3
(.)
0.1 0.1
1-1
0.1
1-1 (.)
0.2
86.8 13.2
100.0
Copra
223.1
0.4
0.2
7.3
26.9
2.5
0.3 37.7
23.1 7.7
10.1 5.2
46.1
91.0 9.0
100.0
Groundnuts
222.1
21.7 5.4
0.1
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.1 1.3
1.5 30.2
(.)
1-1 (.1
2.0
1.1
3.1
60.4 39.6
100.0
Coconut Oil
424.3
(.)
0.2
(.)
5.5
(.)
70.8
2.2
I)
0.1 78.9
1.2 2.9
(.)
0.7 4.8
1-1
(.)
0.2
0.3
86.5 13.5
100.0
Ground nut 011
423.4
14.9
(.1
0.1
1-1
0.1
0.4 15.4
(.)
0.6
0.5
1.1
71.4 28.6
100.0
·Part Ou Pays Dans Les ExportatiOns Mondtales De Produtts De Base, Moyenne ~981-1983 (En Pourcentage) • Proporcion Del Pats En Las Exportactones Mundtales De Productos Bastcos, Promedto 1981-1983 (Porcen
laJe)
NOTE: Detatls may not add to totals due to roundtng. Footnotes and sources shown on Table 7
18
Lmseed Oil
424.1
II 0.1
0.1
0.1
(.)
(.)
0.1
63.5 36.5
100.0
Palm Otl
424.2
(.)
7.0
70.1
(.)
II
77.1
1.5 0.4
2.0
(.)
(.)
(.)
81.6 18.4
100.0
Ftsh Meal
018.42
(.)
1-1
1-1
0.1
(.)
0.1
5.6
1-1 (.)
5.8
1-1 (.)
(.)
51.4 48.6
100.0
Cotton
263.1
0.2 (.)
0.1 1.1 1.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
5.5
1-1
1-1 2.1 0.1
1-1 (.)
1-1 10.9
0.4 1.8
1-1 4.2
1-1 6.5
45.2 54.8
100.0
Jute
264+ 265.8
71.4 2.1 7.5 6.1
(.)
1-1
(.)
6.4
1.4
1.0 95.8
I)
(.)
(.)
96.1 3.9
100.0
Sisal
265.4
0.7
1-1
1-1 I) (.)
0.7
0.6
0.6
98.5 1.5
100.0
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
06
08
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.3
0.2
1.4 3.4
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
18.1 81.9
100.0
Rubber
232
0.3 (.)
(.)
24.8
0.1
47.0
0.2
4.2
15.4
1.2 93.2
0.1
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
98.3 1.7
100.0
T1mber
245+246 + 247 j 248
0.7 0.3 0.1
3.8 (.)
0.2
(.)
11.0 0.1
1.7
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 18.1
(.)
0.4 0.1 (.)
(.)
0.6
(.)
(.)
0.5
0.1 1.7 2.4
27.8 72.2
100.0
211
0.5
(.)
1.1
0.3 1.7 0.3
0.7 0.1 08
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.) 0.4 0.1
0.1 6.1
(.)
0.7
(.)
0.2
(.) 1.0
16.3 83.7
100.0
Tobacco
121
(.)
0.9 4.6
1.0 (.)
(.) 2.4
0.3 (.) (.)
(.) 1.0
0.1 0.1 2.0 (.)
(.)
0.3 12.6
(.) (.)
(.)
(.)
4.3 (.) (.)
(.)
7.4 2.1
13.8
51.3 48.7
100.0
Petroleum
333
1.4 0.2
4.1 5.6 3.5
1.2
0.4
16.6
0.1
0.1
37.2 62.8
100.0
Baux1te
287.31
1.1 0.1
1.0
0.8
2.9
3.7
4.1 7.8
84.1 15.9
100.0
Copper
287.1 I
682.1
(.)
0.3
1.3 0.4
0.2
0.4
4.2
6.9
3.6
3.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2 0.2
63.8 36.2
100.0
Trn
287.6+ 687.1
0.6 1.5
13.4
28.6
12.7
0.2 57.0
74.7 25.3
100.0
Lead
287.4 + 685.1
0.2
3.1 3.2
1.3
2.6 3.9
32.7 67.3
100.0
Zmc
287.5 + 686.1
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.1
2.9 3.8
0.4
0.3 0.8 1.5
23.8 76.2
100.0
Iron Ore
281
5.2
(.)
(.)
5.2
(.)
(.)
46.8 53.2
100.0
Manganese Ore
281.7
3.1
(.)
(.)
0.1
3.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
80.7 19.3
100.0
Phosphate Rock
271.3
8.5
1.9
10.4
5.9 5.9
4.2
4.2
67.1 32.9
100.0
Total 33 Commod1t1es
(.)
(.)
0.1 1.2 0.6
3.4 3.8 2.4 (.)
0.1
(.)
2.2 (.)
0.2 0.5
0.1 0.3 0.7 (.)
(.)
0.1 15.8
(.)
0.2 (.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
0.2 0.1
(.)
(.)
0.2 0.2 0.6
39.8 60.2
100.0
Other
(.)
(.)
(.)
1.1 0.4
0.6 0.2 (.)
(.)
1.5
(.)
0.3 (.)
0.1 0.2
(.)
(.)
0.3 (.)
(.)
1.5 6.6
II (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2 0.3
(.)
0.3
0.3 0.6 1.9
13.8 86.2
100.0
Total Exports
Asia
(.) Afghantstan (.) Bangladesh (.) Burma
1.2 Chrna 0.5 India
1.2 lndonesta 0.9 Iran 0.5 Iraq (.) Jordan
1.2 Korea. Rep. of
(.) Lebanon 0.7 Malaysia (.) Nepal
0.1 Pakistan 0.3 Philtpprnes
0.1 Sri Lanka 0.1 Synan Arab Rep. 0.4 Thatland (.) Yemen, Arab Rep. (.) Yemen, P.O.R
1.2 8.5
Asia Nese
Sub-Total
Oceania
(.) FiJi (.) Papua New Gwnea
Solomon Islands (.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
Vanuatu
Oceania Nes1
Sub-Total
Southern Europe
(.) Cyprus 0.2 Greece 0.3 Israel (.) Malta
0.2 Portugal
0.3 Turkey 0.5 Yugoslavta 1 6 Sub-Total
19.3 Total Developing 80.7 Other•
100.0 World Gross Exports
19
TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (percent)
20
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
America
Argentina Bahamas
Barbados Belize Bolivia
Brazil
Ch1le Colombia Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Rep. Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras Jamaica Mextco Neth. Antilles
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Sunname
T nnidad & Tobago
Uruguay Venezuela
Amer Nesc Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
(.)
1.1
(.)
0.2
5.6 1.6 (.)
0.1
2.1 0.2 0.5
(.)
0.3
(.)
(.)
0.2
0.1 2.5 0.4
Coffee
071.1
(.)
1.7
8.4
49.2 25.0
0.9
9.1 5.5
56.5 28.9
(.)
25.4 22.7
0.9 2.0 0.2
28.5 4.5 0.2 3.4
0.1
(.)
0.4 5.1
Tea
074.1
0.4
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
()
0.2
(.)
(.)
()
042
0.4
(.)
0.2
(.)
0.1 1.6
(.)
(.)
10.3
(.)
03 (.)
8.8
(.)
8.5 (.)
0.1 0.2
Ma1ze
044
10.9
(.)
(.)
0.2 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2 (.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
()
()
0.9
Wheat and Meslln
041
11.8
(.)
()
0.2
1.8 ()
0.9
Sugar
061.1 + 061.2
2.1
9.8 36.1
1.0
3.3 0.1 2.2 2.6
88.5
38.0 0.2 3.2 5.8
34.4
1.1 4.9 6.1
(.)
(.)
8.3 12.4
1.0 0.2
0.8 0.2 (.)
5.7 5.9
Beef
011.1
5.2
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.8 ()
1.4 5.8
0.9 (.)
0.3 2.3
1.2 5.3
0.1
6.2 2.0 0.8
()
18.5 ()
1.0
CUADRO 9
Bananas
057.3
2.2 (.)
0.1 (.)
4.6 25.2
0.3 8.1
5.3
(.)
28.2 0.7 (.)
5.3 22.7
(.)
() 1.5
(.)
(.)
19.1 0.9
Copra
223.1
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
(.)
Groundnuts
222.1
0.4
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.) (.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
0.6
()
0.1 0.1
Coconut Oil
424.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
()
(.)
(.)
1.9 (.)
Ground nut Oil
423.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Linseed Oil
424.1
1.1
(.)
(.) 0.2
0.1
Palm 011
424.2
(.)
()
(.)
0.2
0.1
(.)
F1sh Meal Cotton
018.42
(.)
(.)
6.6
(.)
1.2
1.2
4.8
0.2
0.1 0.4
263.1
0.4
(.)
0.4
1.6
()
(.)
0.1 7.0 6.6
1.1
1.0
23.9
37.0 1.9
(.)
0.1 0.8
Jute
264+ 265.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
S1sal
265.4
0.1
(.)
0.5
(.)
(.)
H1des Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber Timber and Skinsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper r,n Lead ZinC Oce Oce Rock 33 Commod1t1es Other Exports
268.1 + 232 245 + 246 + 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 + 287.6+ 287.4 + 287.5+ 281 281.7 271.3 2682 247 +248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1
America
2.5 (.) (.) 0.5 0.5 0.1 (.) 36.6 83.4 100.0 Argent1na 100.0 100.0 Bahamas
9.8 902 100.0 Barbados 0.2 1.5 40.4 59.6 100.0 Belize 0.4 1.0 (.) 0.1 0.2 28.9 0.8 1.9 36.1 63.9 100.0 Bolivia
(.) (.) 0.8 (.) 2.0 0.7 0.5 (.) 0.4 7.8 0.2 27.3 72.7 100.0 Brazil 0.5 2.7 0.1 0.1 46.1 (.) 3.8 60.0 40.0 100.0 Chile
(.) 0.1 0.7 (.) 599 40.1 100.0 Colombia 0.1 0.1 (.) 60.6 39.4 100.0 Costa Rica
0.8 0.1 90.2 98 100.0 Cuba
(.) 4.0 0.3 58.3 41.7 100.0 Dominican Rep. 0.5 (.) 0.1 51.8 (.) 69.2 30.8 100.0 Ecuador
(.) 0.1 67.3 32.7 100.0 El Salvador 0.2 (.) 1.2 (.) 50.5 49.5 100.0 Guatemala
(.) 2.4 29.4 76.6 23.4 100.0 Guyana
0.4 6.2 37.0 63.0 100.0 Haiti (.) 3.9 0.7 1.7 1.1 2.0 71.8 28.2 100.0 Honduras
0.1 16.4 24.6 75.4 100.0 Jamaica (.) (.) 0.2 74.8 1.0 0.2 0.3 (.) 79.7 20.3 100.0 Mex1co
2.2 2.4 97.6 100.0 Neth. Antilles
0.5 0.2 0.9 74.0 26.0 100.0 Nicaragua 0.2 0.7 44.5 55.5 100.0 Panama
17.7 0.8 2.5 609 39.1 100.0 Paraguay 0.1 (.) 0.1 (.) (.) 11.3 12.1 0.9 3.2 7.4 2.6 48.0 52.0 100.0 Peru
1.3 6.4 18.0 82.0 100.0 Suriname
(.) 43.5 44.5 55.5 100.0 Tnnidad & Tobago 11.1 (.) 0.1 40.6 59.4 100.0 Uruguay
(.) (.) 67.5 1.3 69.0 31.0 100.0 Venezuela (.) 1.8 0.1 31.9 68.1 100.0 Amer Nesc
0.3 (.) 0.4 0.1 0.6 28.4 0.3 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 2.0 0.1 52.1 47.9 100.0 Sub-Total
21
TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)
22
SITC (Rev 2) Code
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burktna
Burundi
Cameroon
Central Afr Rep.
Chad
Congo. P.R.
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Equatonal Guinea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia. The
Ghana
Gumea Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Libena
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco Mozambique
Namibta
Niger
Ntgeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzanta
Togo
Tuntsta Uganda
Zatre Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afnca Nesd
Sub-Total
Cocoa
072.1
14.2
13.1 (.)
0.3
71.5
0.3
41.9 1.2
24.2 (.)
24 0.8 (.)
1.7
9.6
0.5 11.0
0.1 0.5
0.1 2.1
Coffee
0711
6.1 12.1
(.)
91.2 16.7 28.7
04
(.)
5.5 61.5
0.1
0.3 2.2
194 23.9
4.2 32.8
0.5
(.)
(.)
(.)
66.6 (.)
9.2
29.8 9.0
(.) 94.0 11.6
14
(.) 3.3
Tea
074.1
(.)
0.1
3.2 0.1 (.)
()
(.)
15.6
(.)
16.9
1.9 (.)
7.9
8.7 (.)
4.3 (.)
0.2 0.2
0.7
(.)
04
R1ce
042
(.)
0.1 0.2
(.)
0.6
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.7
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
044
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
0.6
(.)
1.3
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
1.2
(.)
4.0
4.3 0.8
Wheat and Meslin
041
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
Sugar
061.1 I
061 2
0.1
04
0.3
04
0.7 ()
0.8 14
(.)
2.5 19.8
59.9
5.5
(.)
(.)
(.)
()
35.2 0.5 (.)
0.1
0.2 5.2
2.0 1.1
Beef
011.1
13.8 1.0
(.)
0.6
(.)
0.1
t.O
()
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
1.1
0.6
0.1
Bananas
057.3
(.)
0.2
(.)
(.)
0.3 0.9 (.)
0.1
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
6.9
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
CUADRO 9
Copra
223.1
(.)
1.3
0.3
(.)
(.)
Ground nuts
222.1
(.)
0.3
(.)
0.2
(.)
30.7
23.7 (.)
(.)
0.1 2.5 0.3
0.5
(.)
(.)
1.0
7.9
(.)
0.2
0.2 0.2
Coconut Oil
424.3
04 ()
0.5
(.)
(.)
Groundnut 011
4234
(.)
(.)
14.5
(.)
(.)
2.1
(.)
15.0
1.3
(.)
(.)
0.1 0.2
Linseed 0•1
424.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
Palm 0!1
424.2
3.8
03
(.)
04 1.3 (.)
0.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
0.1
F1sh Meal
018.42
2.5 0.1 0.1
04
(.)
(.)
(.)
Con on
263.1
0.1 20.7
0.1 45.0
2.8 3.8 7.2
60.7
13.7
2.0
5.3 3.0 0.2
1.5 0.3
38.6
0.2 8.1
(.)
2.1
27.6 2.2
13.3 8.2
1.8
0.3 6.1
(.) 1.7
Jute
264< 265.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
S1sal
2654
0.1
1.8
1.8
0.7
(.)
5.0
(.)
0.1
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
(.)
(.)
0.2
12.9
1.7 0.3
Rubber
232
0.7 0.2
(.)
1.1 (.)
15.0
(.)
0.2
1.9
(.)
0.2
T1mber
245+246 t
247+248
89 25.4
3.1
18.5
6.1
1.6
1.0 13.7 0.1
9.5 0.1 (.)
1.8
(.)
4.6 0.2
(.)
1.0
0.5
0.1 1.1
211
(.)
0.2
4.0
1.2 0.3 0.8 4.5
(.)
6.8
(.)
(.)
1.3
0.2 1.1
0.7
1.3 (.)
2.4 0.4
5.9 1.5
1.7
0.6
0.1 0.2
0.6 0.3
Tobacco
121
(.)
0.3
(.)
0.5 0.9
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
0.3 49.8
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
3.5 (.)
0.1 0.1
0.4 209
0.1 0.7
Petroleum
333
37.6 93.1
93.1
55.8
69.0
0.5
2.2
90.5
47.1
19.0
38.2
Baux1te
287.31
0.2 52.2
4.2
0.4
Copper
287.1 t
682.1
(.)
4.6
(.)
0.9
25.5
58.5 92.4
2.3
1.9 2.9
287.6 + 687.1
2.3
0.1 0.2
17.0
0.9
1.2
0.3 0.1
Lead
287.4 t
685.1
2.5
11.6
0.3
0.7
0.5 0.2
287.5 +
686.1
0.1
0.2
6.3
0.2
S.8 2.7
0.2
Iron Oce
281
0.2 0.1
63.5
54.7
(.)
1.2
2.1 1.1
Manganese Oce
281 7
4.9
0.6
0.5
(.)
1.1 0.4
Phosphate Rock
271.3
0.3
0.2
28.5
11.2
46.5
2.0
()
1.3
Total 33 Commod1t1es
38.2 100.0 50.8 18.5 50.6
98.5 45.2 63.2 65.1 97.3
70.9 95.4 71.7 80.4 45.2
45.1 55.6 30.7 67.1 45.3
12.9 95.2 41.1 91.9 42.1
57.2 61.8 32.9 27.2 45.7
1.4 92.6 94.7 30.3 24.3
12.9 38.4 43.1 60.0 74.9
49.8 98.0
100.0 96.8 42.1
15.4 57.3
Other
61.8 (.)
49.2 81.5 49.4
1.5 54.8 36.8 34.9
2.7
291 4.6
28.3 19.6 54.8
54.9 44.4 693 32.9 54.7
87.1 4.8
589 8.1
57.9
42.8 38.2 67.1 72.8 54.3
98.6 7.4 5.3
69.7 75.7
87.1 61.6 56.9 40.0 25.1
50.2 2.0
(.)
3.2 57.9
84.6 42.7
Total Exports
Africa
1 00.0 Algena 1 00.0 Angola 100.0 Bemn 100.0 Botswana 100.0 Burkina
100.0 Burundi 1 00.0 Cameroon 100.0 Central Atr. Rep. 100.0 Chad 100.0 Congo. P.R.
100.0 Egypt, Arab Rep. 1 00.0 Equatonal Guinea 100.0 Ethiopia 100.0 Gabon 100.0 Gambia, The
100.0 Ghana 100.0 Guinea 100.0 Guinea-Bissau 100.0 Ivory Coast 100.0 Kenya
100.0 Lesotho 100.0 Liberia 100.0 Madagascar 1 00.0 Malawi 100.0 Mali
100.0 Mauritama 100.0 Maurit1us 100.0 Morocco 100.0 Mozambique 100.0 Namibia
100.0 N1ger 1 00.0 Nigeria 100.0 Rwanda 100.0 Senegal 100.0 Sierra Leone
100.0 Somalia 100.0 Sudan 100.0 Swaziland 100.0 Tanzania 100.0 Togo
100.0 Tunisia 100.0 Uganda 100.0 Za1re 100.0 Zambia 100.0 Zimbabwe
100.0 100.0
Africa Nesd Sub-Total
23
TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)
SITC (Rev. 2) Code
Asia
Alghan1stan
Bangladesh
Burma
Chma India
Indonesia Iran
Iraq
Jordan Korea. Rep
Lebanon
Malaysia Nepal Paktstan Phihppmes
Sn Lanka Syrian Arab Rep.
Tha11and Yemen, Arab Rep.
Yemen, P.D.R.
As1a Nes8
Sub-Total
Oceania
FiJi Papua New Gu1nea
Solomon Islands Vanuatu
Oceania Nes1
Sub-Total
Southern Europe
Cyprus Greece
Israel Malta Portugal
Turkey Yugoslavia
Sub-Total
Total Developing
Other9
World Gross Exports
Cocoa
072.1
(.)
0.1
0.7
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.1
0.1 6.1 2.1 4.4 1.1 4.0
(.)
(.)
0.5 (.)
0.1
Coffee
071.1
(.)
0.1 2.2
1.6 (.)
0.8 (.)
(.)
0.9
0.5
0.2 1.3 0.2
(.)
0.4
(.)
13.9
0.2 ()
8.4
0.2 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
2.3 0.1 0.5
Tea
074.1
6.4
1.1 5.6
0.5 (.)
(.)
{.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
31.3
()
(.)
(.)
0.8
()
1.4
0.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
0.4 (.)
0.1
R1ce
042
0.3 43.2
1.1 2.7
()
0.1 (.)
0.1 (.)
26.0 14.8
0.3
(.)
15.1
(.)
0.4 1.4
()
(.)
1.1
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
() (.)
0.7 0.1 0.2
Ma1ze
044
0.7 0.1
(.)
0.7 (.)
0.1 (.)
()
()
(.)
5.4 (.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
()
0.1 0.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
()
1.2 0.4
0.5 0.5 0.5
Wheat and Meslln
041
(.)
(.)
03
(.)
()
()
()
(.)
(.)
1.8 ()
1.3 0.1 0.5
0.3 1.0 0.9
Sugar
061.1 + 061.2
(.)
0.6 1.6
0.6
0.1 0.2
(.)
8.1
()
6.3
(.)
(.)
0.8
47.6 0.1
()
10.2
(.)
(.)
()
0.1
1.1 (.)
0.2
2.3 0.3 0.7
Beef
011.1
0.1 0.6
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.1 0.1
(.)
4.4 (.)
0.1
()
(.)
(.)
()
()
0.4 1.1 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.4
CUADRO 9
Bananas
057.3
0.2 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 2.4
(.)
(.)
()
0.1
(.)
0.7 0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
II
0.3 {.)
0.1
Copra
223.1
(.)
(.)
0.1
0.6
0.3
(.)
(.)
3.2 13.6 38.4
3.8 3.8
{.) (.) {.)
Groundnuts
222.1
0.6 0.4
(.)
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1 {.) (.)
•part Du Produ1t Dans Les Exportations Du Pays, Moyenne 1981-83 (En Pourcentage) • Proporc1on Del Productos Baslcos En Las Exportac1ones Del Pa1s. Promedro 1961-83 (PorcenfaJe)
NOTE Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Footnotes and sources shown on Table 7.
24
Coconut 011
424.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.3
(.)
9.2
1.4
(.)
(.)
0.3
2.9 2.5
0.3 3.4 2.5
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2 (.) {.)
Groundnut Oil
423.4
0.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
()
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 {.)
(.)
Lmseed 011
424.1
() 0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
{.)
(.) (.) (.)
Palm Oil
424.2
(.)
0.5
9.5
(.)
(.)
0.8
3.3 12.2
2.6
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.4 (.)
0.1
F1sh Meal
018.42
(.)
()
(.)
{.)
(.)
(.)
0.8
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
{.)
(.)
0.1 (.)
0.1
Cotton
263.1
2.0 0.1 0.9 0.3 1.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
13.2 (.)
(.)
7.2 0.1 4.7 0.4
{.)
0.5
0.6 2.4
(.)
5.2 (.)
1.4
0.8 0.2 0.4
Jute
264+ 265.8
16.0 0.8 0.1 0.1
(.)
(.)
()
8.9
(.)
()
0.1
(.)
(.) (.)
{.) (.) {.)
S1sa1
265.4
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
II
(.)
()
(.)
(.) {.)
{.)
Wool
268.1 + 268.2
3.3
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
0.3
0.3
0.2 0.1
0.1 (.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.2 0.2 0.2
Rubber
232
2.2
(.)
(.)
3.3
(.)
11.4
0.1
12.1
7.0
0.2 1.8
0.4
0.2
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.8 (.)
0.2
Timber
245+246 t
247 j 248
29.0
0.2
0.2
2.7
(.)
0.2
0.1 14.5
10.9
5.4
0.4 (.)
0.1
(.)
0.1 1.9
0.7 9.0
34.6
2.7
0.6 7.4
(.)
(.)
2.1
0.3
2.8
1.3
1.3 0.8 0.9
211
1.6
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.2 0.1
2.2
(.)
16.9
(.)
0.1 (.) (.)
23.3 0.2
(.)
0.1
0.2 0.4
(.)
0.1
(.)
0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
Tobacco
121
0.2
0.2
2.3
0.2 (.)
(.)
0.5
1.6
(.)
0.5 (.)
0.8
0.2 0.2
1.3
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.3
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
4.3
(.)
0.4 (.)
6.1 0.9 2.0
0.6 0.1 0.2
Petroleum
333
16.8
7.6
47.9
86.4
93.1
26.0
59.8
27.6
63
09
27.4 11.0 14.2
Bauxrte
287.31
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.7
0.3 0.2
0.2 (.) (.)
Copper
287.1 +
682.1
(.)
01
0.5
0.2
01
03
6.4
03
36.5
22.1
0.1
0.1
(.)
0.1 0.1
1.4
0.2 0.4
287.6+
687.1
4.0
0.2
1.5
5.8
4.8
(.)
0.9
0.5 (.)
0.1
Lead
287.4 + 6851
(.)
0.2
(.)
0.4
0.3 0.2
0.1
0.1 0.1
Zmc
287.5 T
686.1
0.5
0.1
(.)
(.)
0.3
0.1
0.2
01
0.2
0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1
281
4.1
(.)
(.)
0.2
(.)
(.)
0.9 0.2 0.4
Manganese Ore
281.7
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1
(.)
(.)
(.)
(.)
0.1 (.) (.)
Phosphate Rock
271.3
22.2
1.7
0.1
72.0 8.2
1.5
0.2
0.3 (.)
0.1
Total 33 Commodtlles
7.0
23.0
81.2
22.2
28.8
58.9
86.9
93.1
23.9
1.3
4.3
68.8
63.5
28.9
34.3
46.4
69.4 41.4
29.4
1.1
1.8 39.2
51.5 76.4
63.7 50.6
81.5
70.5
0.8 15.1
4.3 0.5 2.5
14.7 7.2 8.3
43.7 15.8 21.2
Other
93.0
77.0 18.8 77.8 71.2
41.1 13.1
6.9
76.1
98.7
95.7
31.2
36.5
71.1
65.7
53.6
30.6 58.6
70.6 98.9
98.2
60.8
48.5
23.6
36.3
49.4 18.5 29.5
99.2
84.9 95.7
99.5 97.5
85.3
92.8
91.7
56.3 84.2 78.8
Total Exports
Asia
100.0 Afghanistan
1 00.0 Bangladesh 100.0 Burma 100.0 China 100.0 lnd1a
100.0 Indonesia 100.0 Iran 100.0 Iraq
100.0 Jordan 100.0 Korea, Rep. of
100.0 Lebanon 100.0 Malaysia
100.0 Nepal 100.0 Pakistan
100.0 Philippines
100.0 Sri Lanka 100.0 Syrian Arab Rep. 100.0 Thailand
100.0 Yemen, Arab Rep. 100.0 Yemen, P.D.R
100.0 100.0
As1a Nese Sub-Total
Oceania
100.0 Fiji
100.0 Papua New Guinea 100.0 Solomon Islands 100.0 Vanuatu
100.0 Ocean1a Nes1
100.0 Sub-Total
Southern Europe
100.0 Cyprus 100.0 Greece
100.0 Israel 100.0 Malta
100.0 Portugal
100.0 Turkey 100.0 Yugoslavia
100.0 Sub-Total
100.0 Total Developing 100.0 Other/• 100.0 World Gross Exports
25
TABLE10 TABLEAU10 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES'" EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)b
26
SITC, Rev. 2 Codes
072.1 071.1 074.1 112.1
045.9 044 042 041
061.1 I 061.2
001.1-001.3
011.1 011.2 014 036 034 + 035 037
057.3 057.1 057.96 057.52 054.51 054.2 075.1 054.4
057.71 223.1 222.1 222.5 2222 424.5 424.3 423.3 423.4 424.1
FOODS"
Beverages
Cocoa Coffee Tea Wine
Cereals
Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Mesl1n
Sugar
Live Animals ('000 Head)
Meat, Fish, and Fish Products
Beef Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products
Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices
Bananas Oranges, etc. Dates Raisins Onions Pulses Pepper Tomatoes
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Coconuts ( dessicated) Copra Groundnuts Sesame Seed Soybeans Castor Oil Coconut Oil Cottonseed 011 Groundnut Oil Linseed Oil
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
1,082 2,771
587 1,676
913 6,308 5,903 3,955
13,009
10,740
653 50
182 108 211 233
3,869 1,703
323 248 414 872
61 358
120 1,486 1,334
169 504 123 370
44 316 246
1,076 3,144
638 1,551
1,784 9,903 5,577 3,450
14,172
11,282
757 72
227 146 263 197
5,074 2,199
352 271 408 963
81 498
121 1,153 1,271
195 769 146 438
78 385 161
1971
1,184 3,176
685 1,076
3,064 11,807
5,523 1,170
15,655
11,370
742 59
206 208 318 162
6,045 2,499
332 297 369 885
92 541
136 1,043
729 191 705 151 580 66
287
203
1972
1,245 3,443
704 1,142
1,410 9,524 5,352 2,640
15,994
12,308
1,052 50
228 258 424 191
6,226 2,549
366 346 313
1,105 96
525
136 1,329
700 238
1,471 173 677
61 465 113
1973
1,096 3,626
704 1,754
2,922 8,077 5,499 4,348
16,878
11,346
914 66
228 287 562 242
6,280 2,825
408 280 366
1,128 99
673
124 1,020
741 263
2,222 174 572
49 401 112
CUADR010
1974
1,163 3,212
715 1,213
1975
1,141 3,407
741 1,071
4,066 2,993 12,267 11 ,828
5,331 4,761 2,137 2,006
17,767 16,639
10,825 10,694
523 70
193 293 557 271
6,105 2,797
302 255 385 903
97 568
111 511 567 267
3,225 185 551 53
305 108
429 87
204 318 757 213
5,865 2,843
311 283 364 915 97
572
128 1,065
638 192
3,839 119 792
49 312 123
1976
1,125 3,443
774 969
1977
923 2,715
807 958
4,124 4,896 1 0,565 11 ,446
5,986 7,551 3,487 6,642
17,125 21,231
10,155 9,599
719 95
279 452 730 289
5,762 2,805
320 354 417
1,117 116 592
131 1,104
870 215
4,146 178
1,032 47
461 173
707 93
297 461
1,115 294
6,115 3,073
256 326 464
1,131 114 677
133 918 542 176
3,602 131 867 55
487 213
1978
1,042 3,242
792 882
5,489 11,811 6,083 4,557
17,853
11,348
743 91
336 547
1,228 288
6,458 3,085
213 343 442
1,191 131 732
134 635 329 208
3,003 197
1,148 62
329 251
1979
1,022 3,570
828 748
4,950 10,880
7,650 5,655
19,002
11,291
710
88 303 589
1,276 305
6,610 2,760
289 311 474
1,251 119 707
132 408 365 236
4,137 209
1,008 81
429 195
1980R
1,008 3,502
871 671
2,553 9,684 7,636 5,353
18,381
13,169
593 67
294 501
1,338
396
6,577 2,942
243 316 525
1,234 129 691
124 421 385 231
4,650 178
1,101 83
371 242
1981R
1,256 3,463
864 734
1982R
1,167 3,695
838 690
5,982 6,401 16,856 13,255
7,733 7,693 4,399 4,776
18,489 20,752
13,069 14,264
654 98
325 535
1,327 448
6,461 2,849
165 336 640
1,338 138 710
135 379 595 256
4,060 178
1,201 126 228 183
728 118 346 632
1,264 408
6,671 2,896
171
330 648
1,465 137 767
142 401 436 243
3,041 144
1,103 118 363 185
1983
1,081 3,787
875 524
6,036 13,464
7,464 12,084
19,771
14,012
699 121 387 676
1,425 408
5,804 2,729
157 329 569
1,570 134 747
143 218 443 253
3,640 132
1,207 132 384 205
Annual(%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971-84
1,167 3,939
965 596
4,755 10,642 8,992 8,996
18,952
13,649
571 126 380
6,287 2,624
138 382 612
1,519 130 890
123 261 406 283
6,004 172 823 152 275 214
-0.4 1.1 2.4
-6.6
7.1 1.8 4.2
12.9
1.7
2.0
-1.5 5.8 5.3 9.8
12.8 7.8
0.4 0.5
-7.3 1.4 5.4 4.0 3.4 3.3
0.4 -11.6 -4.9
1.3 9.9
-0.1 5.4 8.6
-1.2 4.4
SIT C. Rev 2 Codes
423.5 424.4 424.2 423.2 423.5 081.42 081.3
263.1 264 654.5 265.4 268.1 + 268.2
232
245-248
211 121
333 287.32 684.1 287.31 287.1 + 682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3
Olive Oil Palm Kernel Oil Palm Oil
Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Fishmeal
Oilseed Cake and Meal
NON-FOOos•
Fibers
Cotton Jute Jute Fabrics1
Sisal
Wool (degreased)
Rubber
Timber (1,000 m3, r) {revised)
Other
Hides and Skinsg
Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS•·"
Petroleum (million mt)
Alumma Aluminum Bauxiteh
Copper
Nickel (revised) Tin
Lead Zinc Iron Ore" (million mt)
Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
90 54
555 23 20
1,513 4,036
2,235 1,006 1,112
593 254
2,190
26,790
413 554
273 720 64
16,349 1,874
22 164
726 934
76 2,300
16,175
97 111 632 20 75
2,211 4,942
2,555 1,052 1,110
556 249
2,583
41,603
422 566
418 1,369
233 21,362 2,229
48 178
731 1,001
121 2,896
20,569
1971
102 113 991
30 40
2,149 5,883
2,527 742 935 515 200
2,847
53,151
319 639
527 2,069
302 23,046 2,387
80 187
814 1,055
140 3,367
23,251
1972
214 149
1,091 76
2 2,032 6,891
1973
171 169
1,210 121 65
690 6,777
2,696 2,683 719 869
1,057 1,084 496 461 197 169
2,804 3,301
56,743 68,670
313 753
608 2,292
361 21,841 2,701
107 189
784 1,145
134 3,156
24,850
229 744
721 2,331
367 22,571 2,797
137 177
741 1,095
160 3,410
30,114
1974
177 243
1,406 44 11
974 6,510
1,833 863
1,155 421 127
3,131
60,042
203 852
653 2,627
429 26,973 3,046
153 186
796 1,261
182 3,585
36.490
"Exportations des princ1paux prodUitS de base des pays en d9veloppement,3 1961-84 (milllers de !annes metnques)b • Exportaciones de los princ1pales productos bcis1cos par los parses en desarrollo. 8 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metncas).b
8 Excludmg Hong Kong and Singapore • Hong Kong et Singapour sont exclues des series statist•ques • Hong Kong y Singapur estan excluidos
bunless otherwtse noted • Sauf tndtcatton contratre • A menos que se rndtque otra cosa
cPre\1minary data • Donnees provisotres • Cifras provtstona\es
dleast squares trend • Tendance des motndres carres • Tendencta de mimmos cuadrados.
8 See pages xx and xxxti for French and Spantsh commodrty descnpllons • Votr pages xx et xxxtr pour Ia descnptton franyatse et espagnole des prodwts • Vease las pagmas xx y xxxtt para descnpciones de productos en frances y espatlol
11ncludes some JUte yarn • Y compris quelques ftls de JUte • lncluye algunos hilados de yule
1975
124 199
1,816 286
2 1,192 8,016
2,259 568 903 273 174
2,952
49,918
195 752
603 2,357
361 24,191 2,813
126 176
696 1,095
172 3,691
27,208
1976
130 204
1,912 574
43 1,002
10,823
2,266 651 991 281 179
3,186
64,360
237 805
570 1,820
496 25,282 3,144
150 163
617 1,178
162 3,364
27,137
1977
130 190
1,944 558 143 878
11,631
1,846 550
1,062 257 184
3,239
66,927
279 780
502 2,089
468 26,621 3,361
164 161
636 1,159
152 2,591
30,645
1978
157 244
2,005 593 239
1,025 11,438
2,168 493
1,014 240 175
3,276
68,684
275 848
721 2,244
447 25,947 3,161
175 174 703
1,121 156
2,993 33,796
1979
155 332
2,275 638 269
1,238 12,320
1,944 549 934 234 147
3,378
71,339
272 814
699 2,503
705 24,963 3,221
202 176
655 1,011
174 3,697
34,590
1980A
98 330
2,835 890 368
1,244 13,251
2,015 505
1,065 227 166
3,285
65,730
251 850
527 2,756
700 29,094 3,365
212 177
669 973 175
3,115 33,276
1981R
147 340
2,718 1,433
246 1,136
15,144
1,937 553
1,126 191 190
3,111
51,853
224 948
409 2,727
725 28,480 3,320
199 183 678
1,038 175
2,691 30,223
1982R
144 417
3,197 1,153
455 1,637
15.184
1,906 492 945 161 157
3,064
52,980
208 874
432 2,059
849 24,157 3,650
146 154 662
1,055 162
2,528 28,425
Annual{%) Growth Rated
1983 1984c 1971-84
265 229 471 479
3,496 3,485 1,554 1,623
672 633 1,224
17,918 17,461
2,071 547 908 190 164
3,411
54.044
208E 841
438 2,170 1,085
24,892 3,658
183 141 672
1,147 142
2,372 29,778
1,907 416
860 174 161
3,575
52,834
877
434E 2,322
972 25,790 3,465
196 131 631
1,082 173
2.974 31,887
2.2 10.6 10.5 34.9 45.9 0.9 9.4
~2.2
4.3 ~0.8
~8.7
~0.8
1.1
~0.5
- 1.5
1.8
- 2.9
0.4 9.7 1.1 2.7 5.3
~2.0
1.6 -0.5
0.8 ~2.2
1.3
91ncludes cattle hides and calfskms, sheep and lambskrns. goat and ktdskins • Les cut res et peaux de veaux et de bovrns, et les peaux de moutons et de chevres sent incluses • lncluye cueros y pteles de vaca becerro. oveJas y cabras
hoata for bauxite and iron ore are in gross wetght; all other mmeral data are in metal content werght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxtte et du mtnerat de fer, les chiffres mdtques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour taus les autres mmeraux, tis d€lstgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxita y mineral de hterro sedan en pesos brutes, todos los demas datos de minerales son de contentdo metaltco
Sources: FAO, Commodity ReVIew and Outlook; FAO. Trade Yearbook Computer Tapes; FAO Yearbook of Forest Products Computer Tapes FAO. Yearbook of F1shery Statistics, UN, Yearbook of International Trade StatistiCS. UK Overseas Geologtcal Survey. StatJstrcal Summary of the Mmeral Industry, lnternatJonal Tin Councrl. StatJstJcal Yearbook; US Department of lntenor. Bureau of Mines. World Petroleum Statistics and lnrernatJonaf Petroleum Quarterly; GAIT Cotton Texttles Committee, Stat1sf1cs on Productron and ConsumptiOn of Trade m Cotton Texllles. ICAC, Cotton World StatJstJcs; Commonwealth Economtc Comm11tee. lndustnal F1bres; Meta!lgesellschaft. Metal StatiStics, Amer1can Metal Market, Metal StatiStiCS Yearbook, UN. 0-Series Trade Data System.
27
TABLE11 TABLEAU11 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES'" EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)b,c
28
SJTC, Rev. 2 Codes
072.1 071.1 074.1 112.1
FOODS'
Beverages
Cocoa Coffee Tea Wine
Cereals
045.9 Grain Sorghum 044 Maize 042 Rice 041 Wheat and Meslin
061.1 +061.2 Sugar
001.1-001.3 Live Animals (US$/Head)
011.1 011.2 014 036 034+035 037
057.3 057.1 057.96 057.52 054.51 054.2 075.1 054.4
057.71 223.1 222.1 222.5 222.2 424.5 424.3 423.3 423.4 424.1
Meat, Fish, and Fish Products
Bee I Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products
Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices
Bananas Oranges, etc. Dates Raisins Onions Pulses Pepper Tomatoes
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Coconuts (dessicated) Copra Groundnuts Sesame Seed Soybeans Castor Oil Coconut Oil Cottonseed Oil Groundnut Oil Linseed Oil
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
454 724
1,111 137
51 51
118 62
116
31
513 462 957
1,063 561 517
79 129 89
272 71
121 724 156
263 158 180 195 122 244 259 277 317 212
617 782 965 138
51 53
145 58
107
37
666 511
1,042 1,439
387 616
85 127
91 311
88 140 692 231
320 175 183 224 115 278 281 293 305 185
1971
625 827 872 171
52 58
111 67
127
45
963 679
1,388 1,611
409 790
81 133 102 267
92 189 924 244
310 166 231 273 119 320 277 399 376 185
1972
568 904 905 199
60 58
120 73
152
51
1,114 901
1,440 1,771
419 883
83 137 132 328
89 177 856 278
254 118 255 292 124 451 191 379 361 173
1973
839 1,134
880 236
82 93
197
99
193
55
1,517 1,172 1,733 2,169
481 1,035
87 157 139 749 153 249
1,136 285
426 211 327 298 258 961 347 388 418 259
1974
1,330 1,249 1,032
312
103 127 375 173
428
67
1,337 1,327 2,232 2,502
568 1,120
90 159 173 856 132 349
1,507 262
912 512 495 504 215 831 906 602 902 794
1975
1,394 1,174 1,203
337
108 130 360 175
572
68
1,226 1,272 1,736 2,768
627 1,293
115 197 200 651 147 337
1,519 310
467 237 495 588 209 563 395 783 751 680
CUADRO 11
1976
1,502 2,280 1,171
331
106 121 263 137
378
80
1,145 1,215 1,789 3,039
712 1,282
122 208 182 639 178 343
1,523 294
468 183 446 556 215 546 349 617 677 486
1977
2,805 4,236 2,159
352
91 105 238
99
294
86
1,262 1,433 1,661 3,100
874 1,432
129 223 258 932 178 386
2,076 391
967 313 574 557 277 872 541 626 794 467
1978
3,118 3,162 1,961
475
88 108 313 119
348
96
1,405 1,610 1,749 3,598
878 1,718
138 252 320
1,017 178 409
1,954 335
942 369 629 638 236 784 614 668 899 321
1979
3,101 3,127 1,861
631
98 116 299 143
362
109
2,039 1,796 2,431 4,160 1,083 1,878
156 298 322
1,554 175
439 1,831
446
1,239 569 677 824 258 784 928 724 922 486
1980R
2,632 3,304 1,895
761
164 162 356 179
558
98
2,223 2,003 2,886 4,767 1,080 2,005
173 316 301
1,642 211 483
1,678 434
1,325 392 703 864 235 952 630 605 718 571
1981R
1,746 2,241 1,818
679
142 151 416 199
502
113
2,147 2,235 2,833 4,635 1,225 1,946
184 313 499
1,365 201 517
1,357 523
1,133 301 973 743 269 843 520 616 928 632
1982R
1,564 2,303 1,657
633
118 126 296 175
392
123
1,911 2,118 2,338 4,405 1,118 1,990
193 295 534
1,051 190 423
1,203
336
733 260 634 736 227 808 446 507 600 496
1983
1,619 2,317 1,912
689
119 129 265 151
414
112
1,742 1,869 2,161 4,428
943 2,108
194 291 634
1,008 150 351
1,264 387
944 354 583 785 223 879 543 490 567 368
Annual(%) Growth Ratee
1984d 1971-84
2,031 2,540 2,624
570
122 139 259 141
406
106
1,811 1,790 2,034
195 268 632 792 186 393
1,882 357
1,374 552 757 752 284
1,087 1,007
770 963 472
9.2 9.5 8.2
11.6
5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5
7.6
7.6
5.3 7.6 3.9 9.6 9.8 8.8
8.2 7.1
15.2 9.2 4.9 6.3 3.2 4.0
11.2 7.3 8.8 8.8 4.3 5.7 7.3 2.9 4.8 5.3
SITC. Rev. 2 Codes
423.5 424.4 424.2 423.2 423.5 081.42 081.3
263.1 264 654.5 265.4
268.1 " 268.2
232
245-248
211 121
333 287.32 6841 287.31 287.1 +682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6+687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3
Olive Oil Palm Kernel Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal
NON-FOODS1
Fibers
Cotton Jute Jute Fabrics9 Sisal Wool (degreased)
Rubber
Timber (US$im3, r) (revised)
Other
Hides and Skinsh
Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS'·'
Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Bauxite1
Copper Nickel (revised) Tln Lead Zinc Iron Ore Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
589 221 205 245 259
99 68
627 210 367 229
1,783
482
23
609 970
14 131 422
10 613
1,423 2,518
190 133
51 11
634 279 181 249 215 121 70
621 216 397 138
1.498
388
24
658 959
14 132 421
10 1,160 2,253 3,208
231 164
7 43 11
1971
701 289 220 322 276 157 73
712 227 510 123
1,254
330
25
751 978
16 137 406
11
995 2,787 3,425
195 186
8 44 10
1972
748 230 183 250 478 150
81
782 219 478 155
1,660
310
27
1,083 1,023
16 136 497
12
937 2,610 3,637
218 228
8 45 11
1973
1,080 338 246 381 368 359 166
944 232 498 318
3,331
569
42
1,769 1,154
23 140 469
12
1,465 3,128 4,465
321 358
8 56 11
*Exportat•ons des pnnc1paux prodUIIS de base des pays en dEweloppement,8 1961-84 j$EU'tonne metnque)tJ,-c • Exportaciones de los pnncipales productos bAsicos par los paises en desarrollo. a 1961-84 (US$1tonelada metnca) b.c
1974
1,667 806 519 693 702 327 133
1.448 224 537 717
3,418
718
51
1,761 1,439
79 173 536
15
1,875 3,093 7,241
498 550
10 73 48
8Excludmg Hong Kong and Smgapore • Hong Kong el Singapour son! exclues des senes stallsllques • Hong Kong y Smgapur estan exclwdos
bunless otherwise noted • Sauf mdicat1on contraire • A menos que se mdique otra cosa
ccomputed from unrounded data • Calculees a part1r de ch1ffres non arrond1s • Calculadas a part1r de datos no redondeados
dprehminary data • Donnees proviso1res • Cifras prov1s1onales
8 Least squares trend • Tendance des mo1ndres carres • Tendencl8 de min1mos cuadrados.
1975
1,626 435 452 577 890 224 123
1,105 224 557 466
2,330
539
44
1.624 1,727
89 233 642
18
1,134 4,119 6,392
372 520
13 86 61
1976
1,188 390 354 403 490 308 141
1,335 253 432 341
2,582
719
53
1.714 1,835
113 244 769
22
1,336 4,491 6,987
407 498
14 98 36
1977
1,145 511 502 566 635 387 179
1,616 271 483 379
3,163
790
55
1,390 1,887
137 292 897 23
1,206 4,115
10,244 566 426
15 108
31
1978
1,218 604 538 586 542 380 161
1,375 335 573 378
3,247
914
58
1,565 2.064
96 336 923 24
1,272 3,705
11,910 677 395
15 91 30
1979
1.468 887 602 632 728 368 176
1,579 361 725 493
3,707
1,181
88
2,140 2,107
138 368 853 27
1,792 4,241
14,010 996 462
16 99 31
1980R
1,737 640 536 572 564 436 185
1,663 370 899 592
4,512
1,310
100
1,853 2,176
231 427
1,623 27
1,866 5,489
15,801 912 535
19 131
46
t981R
1,650 534 506 513 621 441 205
1,728 301 673
553 4,208
1,068
87
1.766 2,417
256 388
1,544 27
1,500 5,259
12,272 731 572
20 136 47
1982R
1,630 441 417 453 517 339 177
1,413 277
599 500
3,933
799
86
1,850 2,723
235 389
1,236 26
1,360 4,665
11,657 543 523
21 119 39
1983
1,473 573 425 448 436 404 181
1.478 240 614 444
3,486
964
86
1,896E
Annual(%) Growth Ratee
1984d 1971-84
1,261 913 644 700 705
172
1,633 304 838 420
3,539
975
82
4.4 6.7 6.9 3.9 2.7 7.2 5.9
5.7 2.7 3.6 7.3 6.6
8.8
10.2
2,492 2,299 5.5 7.8
211 392
1,199 26
1.454 4,283
12,532 434 519 20
103 37
210E 359
1,057 25
1,243 4,244
12,502 444 606
18 94 37
26.3 10.0 10.2 7.4
2.0 4.4
11.5 7.7 6.4 8.5 7.2 9.2
1See pages xx and xxxi1 for French and Spanish commod1ty descnpt1ons • Voir pages xx et xxxu pour Ia descnpiiOn lran<;:a1se et espagnole des prodwts • vease las pclgmas xx y xxxii para descnpe~ones de productos en frances y espaflol
9includes some JUte yarn • Y compns quelques fils de JUte • lncluye algunos h1iados de yute
hlncludes cattle hides and calfskins. sheep and lambskins. goat and kidskms • Les cu1rs et peaux de veaux et de bovms. et les peaux de moutons et de chE!vres son! mcluses • lncluye cueros y p1eles de vaca becerro. oveJaS y cabras
1Data for bauxite and 1ron ore are m gross we1ght; all other mmeral data are 1n metal content we1ght • Dans le cas de Ia baux1te et du minerar de ier, les chiffres 1nd1qu8s correspondent aux po~ds bruts, pour tous \es autres mrneraux. 1\s d9sigent la teneur en metal • Los datos sabre baux1ta y mineral de hierro se dan en pesos brutos: todos los demas datos de minerales son de conten1do metal1co
Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: VOir Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10
TABLE 12 TABLEAU 12 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)"
SIT C. Rev. 2 Codes
071.1 074.1 112.1
045.9 044 042 041
061.1 +061.2
011.1 011.2 014 036 034 + 035 037
057.3 057.1 054.1 054.2
222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.42 081.3
263.1 264 268.1 + 268.2
232
Fooos•
Beverages
CoHee Tea Wine
Cereals
Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslm
Sugar
Meat, Fish, and Fish Products
Beef lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products
Fruits and Vegetables
Bananas Oranges, etc. Potatoes Pulses
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean 011 Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal
NON-FOODs•
Fibers
Cotton Jute Wool (degreased)
Rubber
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70 1971
233 175 256
490 2,131 5,798
20,955
4,939
117
39 103 32
410 148
372 202 751 548
476 86 74
144 350 140 350
888 233
55
406
248 209 279
251 210 222
1,699 1,404 3,242 4,607 6,047 6,606
26,052 25,287
5,263 5,866
201 76
120 40
475 176
459 293 638 590
868 81 57
207 462 307 519
1,415 247
78
538
231 114 126
56 560 231
494 404 560 549
1,428 131 56
367 857 408 984
1,254 342 107
587
1972
260 223 214
1,634 6,074 6,977
24,865
5,804
248 104 131 63
598 234
526 440 854 690
1,377 125 75
395 758 406 903
1,286 244 115
625
1973
300 218 268
3,103 9,101 7,312
32,573
7,021
260 98
145 74
697 239
545 506 717 638
1,583 151 108 500 711 208 870
1,837 372
90
711
1974
337 251 249
3,481 10,987
6,665 37,910
5,622
294 97
164 80
708 251
653 612 734 593
2,394 119 45
516 914 262
1,302
1,532 366
91
748
1975
317 251 260
2,951 11,087 5,782
36,771
5,886
306 116 140 73
768 280
612 740
633 780
1,638 165 81
481 834 365
1,094
1,558 298 114
723
CUADR012
1976
355 276 217
3,006 10,238
6,722 35,035
6,122
416 111 149 115 790 368
578 831 644 729
2,398 239 148 557
1,017 324
1,647
1,588 323 121
717
1977
275 292 252
3,727 13,130 7,317
35,022
8,323
541 160 159 117 770 326
617 749 738 858
2,801 160 224
1,124 1,426
428 2,298
1,695 268 125
821
1978
273 325 237
3,609 16,810
7,133 40,285
8,876
725 153 180 112 825 397
637 630 740 826
3,712 248 137
1,133 1,664
429 2,517
2,078 242 113
844
1979
348 335 313
4,107 21,020
8,962 42,771
9,767
690 152 171 206 952 369
744 634 921 992
4,530 156
51 1,403 1,783
489 2,505
2,093 300 120
893
1980R
290 308 247
4,241 26,291
9,565 49,823
10,895
609 214 197 143
1,470 417
691 611
1,067 1,549
4,623 148 57
2,116 2,417
509 3,085
2,586 336 146
902
1981R
341 332 279
5,700 23,915
9,731 52,687
11,472
654 265 205 139
1,520 467
657 650 919
1,728
6,094 228 53
1,983 2,401
579 3,452
2,261 290 195
824
1982R
321 319 243
5,570 21,040
7,653 54,887
11,839
819 287 227 154
1,447 370
520 601
1,028 1,455
6,091 180 55
2,049 2,560
635 3,860
2,120 324 185
794
1983
414 357 229
5,597 29,020
8,891 55,185
12,140
914 242 250 166
1,253 282
373 600
1,031 1,347
5,587 171 108
2,260 2,753
608 4,166
1,926 314 215
887
Annual(%) Growth Ratec
1984b 1971--84
402 405 224
5,443 24,793
8,322 58,009
11,049
953 269 246
448 578 991
1,479
6,255 160 67
2,521 3,171
4,600
1,965 284 195
990
2.4 4.7 0.3
9.8 13.8 2.7 6.6
6.9
12.6 9.5 5.3 9.9 8.6 4.2
0.9 1.9 4.0 9.2
14.3 2.4
-0.8 18.3 13.4 6.6
15.0
4.0 0.5 6.3
3.2
Annual(%) SITC, Average Average Growth Ratec Rev. 2 Codes 1961·65 1966-70 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980R 1981A 1982R 1983 1984b 1971-84
245-248 Timber (1 ,000 m3• r) (revised) 12,277 17,466 22,032 23,978 26,259 27,968 27,718 30,093 36,944 39,453 39,112 37,386 36,031 39,079 40,808 39,601 4.7
121 Tobacco 128 170 150 180 185 232 207 211 223 236 246 273 304 291 268 256 4.4
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS0·•
333 Petroleum (million mt) 119 176 222 235 289 290 261 304 300 325 338 340 330 322 316 308E 2.9 287.32 Alumina 68 189 286 420 387 573 533 613 598 809 858 1,995 1,197 1,108 1,139 1,166 11.1 287.1 + 682.1 Copper 195 213 342 410 480 574 427 472 538 562 744 845 786 836 1,102 953 8.3 287.6, 687.1 Tin 32 23 29 32 33 35 35 26 28 32 39 27 25 27 31 26 - 1.3 271.3 Phosphate Rock 3,198 5,367 7,234 7,945 9,172 10,675 8,737 9,113 11,236 10,965 10,895 11,376 9,618 9,240 9,716 10,833 1.9
·Importations des pnncipaux prodwts de base des pays en d€lveloppement, 1961-84 (milhers de tonnes metriques)3 • lmportac•ones de los
principales productos basicos por los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas) a
3 Unless otherwise noted • Sauf indication contraire • A menos que se indique otra cosa.
bPrehm1nary data • Donnees provisoires • Cifras prov1sionales
cleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carrEls • Tendenc1a de min1mos cuadrados
dsee pages xx and xxxii for French and Span1sh commodity descnpt1ons • Vo1r pages xx et xxxn pour Ia deswpt!On fran~;aise et espagnole des produits e VE!ase laS p8ginas XX y XXXII para deSCflpCIOnes de produCtOS en frances y espaflol.
8 AII m1nerals data are 1n metal content we1ght • Pour tousles minf.lraux, 11s d8s1gnent Ia teneur en metal • Todos los datos de mmerales son de contenido metalico.
Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: V01r Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10
TABLE13 TABLEAU13 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)•·b
32
SIT C. Rev. 2 Codes
071.1 074.1 112.1
045.9 044 042 041
061.1 + 061.2
011.1 011.2 014 036 034+035 037
057.3 057.1 054.1 054.2
222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.42 081.3
FOODS"
Beverages
Coffee Tea Wine
Cereals
Gram Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin
Sugar
Meat, Fish, and Fish Products
Beef Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh. etc Fish Products
Fruits and Vegetables
Bananas Oranges, etc. Potatoes
Pulses
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm 011 Soybean Oil Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal
NON-FOODS"
Fibers
263.1 Cotton 264 Jute 268.1 + 268.2 Wool (degreased)
232 Rubber
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
566 1,113
213
71 65
126 76
110
647 484 838 574 350 436
60 153 70
153
112 285 366 227 288 134 89
643 223
2,458
524
660 1,103
262
69 66
159 73
83
712 550 849 674 393 455
87 162 88
171
116 326 385 195 281 157 100
469 241
2,040
431
1971
719 1,106
349
74 74
139 74
118
879 596 899 789 461 526
100 169 94
201
126 341 432 238 332 197 109
704 241
1,625
387
1972
737 1,037
407
66 66
138 75
163
969 681 998 900 492 554
125 181 111 210
134 289 455 202 335 182 117
793 299
1,864
378
1973
994 1,059
448
102 102 222 118
218
1,350 1,025 1,088 1,164
558 649
141 199 147 291
242 381 522 271 378 372 238
847 277
3,892
622
1974
1,227 1,173
535
150 150 420 198
421
1,418 1,275 1,301 1,254
653 860
172 248 170 477
266 757 846 470 684 447 236
1,299 303
4,702
812
1975
1,264 1,441
562
157 157 391 192
656
1,226 1,197 1,477 1,316
675 886
216 247 217 433
274 556 956 585 801 284 186
1,140
336 3,108
632
CUADR013
1976
1,875 1,374
620
139 139 308 173
415
1,220 1,128 1,557 1,209 706 815
228 262 282 393
245 445 886 417 526 318 199
1,327 284
3,386
788
1977
3,897 1,956
619
128 127 325 147
276
1,304 1,373 1,731 1,295 704
1,103
217 300 281 426
300 613 793 531 607 349 239
1,601 334
4,264
857
1978
3,289 2,268
815
122 128 358 151
260
1,403 1,359 1,868 1,642 910
1,229
221 355 250 452
264 653
1,020 588 660 404 219
1,399 401
4,504
959
1979
3,323 2,034
795
140 142 352 179
267
1,850 1,526 2,061 1,292 932
1,228
263 367 261 498
294 928
1,039 660 739 378 247
1,510 395
4,855
1,233
1980R
3,607 2,132 1,012
160 168 388 209
532
2,068 1,733 2,183 1,965 847
1,328
287 404 279 542
293 854
1,079 565 672 482 263
1,660 380
5,356
1,357
1981R
2,442 2,143 1,005
175 178 448 211
551
2,140 2,201 2,149 1,971
954 1,393
307 448 288 612
325 655
1,130 523 658 535 286
1,769 369
5,030
1,208
1982R
2,105 2,025
901
144 156 372 197
369
2,137 2,112 2,068 2,458
881 1,405
276 480 253 523
277 578 970 509 551 452 251
1,522 336
4,762
957
1983
1,909 2,038
852
143 148 334 187
284
1,985 1,871 1,997 2,357
891 1,423
242 481 236 450
266 661 784 492 546 432 246
1,522 325
4,225
1,087
Annual{%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971-84
1,861 2,472
844
144 162 329 177
260
1,814 1,772 1,996
280 493 267 460
322 1,063 1,101
701 736
253
1,677 377
4,617
1,083
9.5 7.1 7.8
4.8 5.5 6.0 6.1
4.6
6.4 8.8 6.8 8.8 6.1 9.3
7.4 9.3 7.1 6.3
5.2 7.1 6.1 7.2 4.3 6.8 5.2
6.4 2.6 6.5
8.4
SITC, Average Average Rev. 2 Codes 1961-65 1966-70 1971 1972 1973 1974
245-248 Timber (US$/m3, r) (revised) 27 30 34 32 47 60
121 Tobacco 1,139 1,090 1,314 1,359 1,440 1,669
FUELS, METALS and MINERALS"''
333 Petroleum 15 14 18 19 25 77 287.32 Alumina 158 151 155 146 172 196 287.1 +682.1 Copper 670 1,254 1,241 1,223 1,667 2,078 287.6+687.1 Tin 2,710 3,441 3,122 3,292 3,677 7,273 271.3 Phosphate Rock 12 12 12 13 17 51
·Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 ($EU1tonne metrique)a,b • lmportac1ones de los princtpales productos b8sicos por los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$ttonelada metrica).a,b
Bcomputed 1rom unrounded data • Calculees a p8.rttr de chttfres non arrondis • Calculadas a part1r de datos no redondeados
bunless otherwise noted • Sauf indication contraire • A menos que se 1ndique otra cosa
cPreliminary data • Donnees provtso1res • Cifras provisionales
dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendencia de mfnimos cuadrados
eSee pages xx and xxxi1 for French and Span1sh commodity descriptions • Votr pages xx et xxxh pour Ia descnption 1ran~aise et espagnole des produits e Vease las p8gmas XX y XXXIi para descnpciones de productos en frances y espaflol
1AII minerals data are in metal content weight • Pour taus les mineraux. ils designent las teneur en metal • Todos los datos de miner ales son de contenido met81ico.
Sources. See Table 10 • Sources· VOlT Tableau 10 • Fuentes: vease el Cuadra 10
1975 1976
55 59
1,999 2,250
84 89 255 279
1,373 1,401 6,545 6,385
61 37
Annual(%) Growth Rated
1977 1978 1979 1980R 1981A 1982R 1983 1984c 1971-84
69 74 93 107 106 98 92 94 9.3
2,510 2,872 2,915 3,015 3,048 3,400 3,118 3,195 8.1
99 98 135 228 259 249 221 218E 25.7 312 314 340 404 360 406 406 407 9.0
1,384 1,336 1,928 2,381 1,910 1,614 1,634 1,467 1.8 8,312 10,714 10,489 15,816 16,075 14,642 14,805 14,889 14.4
31 38 43 61 64 61 51 45 10.5
TABLE14 TABLEAU14 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)•
SITC, Rev 2 Codes
112.3 112.1 072.32
043 045.9 044 042 041
061.1 +061.2
025.1 022.42;43
023 024
036 034 +035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014
057.4 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4
222.1 222.6 222.2 222.4 473.3
FOOos•
Beverages and Products
Beer Wine Cocoa Butler
Cereals
Barley Grain Sorghum
Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin
Sugar
Eggs and Dairy Products
Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream, Dry Butter Cheese and Curd
Fish and Meat
Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb Pig Meat Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables
Apples Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Cottonseed Oil
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
650 827
52
793 1,060
63
5,183 6,388 2,975 4,898
12,362 16,851 1,515 2,388
36,782 39,196
2,972 3,516
247 850 567 513
136 1,736
704 468 226 294
1,076 416
1,490 413
2,105 457 520
46 368
5,000 11
208
184 1,130
644 654
181 2,059
937 571 358 406
1,186 521
1,727 511
2,336 589 590
70 728
8,492 19 85
1971
977 1,898
71
10,044 3,585
18,178 3,032
42,634
3,951
237 1,366
773 760
262 1,808 1,179
650 675 511
1,358 548
1,733 582
2,344 621 595
125 1,695
11,572 47
186
1972
1,016 2,519
71
12,887 5,146
27,021 2,911
51,421
5,119
252 1,275
625 797
330 1,914 1,225
739 687 507
1,563 530
2,070 484
3,022 676 638
210 1,680
12,303 272 214
1973
1,134 2,315
81
11,494 6,699
38,571 2,711
64,799
5,426
283 1,593 1,028
873
302 2,058 1,515
690 741 553
1,485 535
2,194 524
2,786 742 596
213 1,703
13,364 303 246
1974
1,172 2,335
78
10,288 7,237
35,599 2,767
49,954
4,800
331 1,532
907 934
309 1,864 1,702
499 738 545
1,611 572
2,183 510
2,687 619 632
279 1,314
13,971 255 277
1975
1,369 2,705
84
11,476 7,500
39,135 2,928
60,973
4,797
348 1,268
842 923
339 1,791 1,765
560 751 469
1,585 552
2,324
600 2,912
730 679
256 998
12,621 245 298
CUADR014
1976
1,523 2,908
85
12,508 7,446
50,198 2,974
55,986
5,449
356 1,635
919 1,036
374 1,917 1,839
629 854 499
1,702 672
2,364 504
3,102 652 715
155 1,270
15,582 495 236
1977
1,538 2,778
85
10,895 7,432
44,785 3,269
55,600
6,930
386 2,095
959 1,110
335 2,020 2,068
712 899 534
1,643 625
2,314 563
3,092 710 688
327 1,345
16,355 662 332
1978
1,546 2,737
84
14,253 5,946
55,276 3,466
68,489
7,328
422 2,304
948 1,130
416 2,345 2,210
655 974 505
1,584 658
2,110 578
2,980 776 775
411 1,534
21,032 1,422
329
1979
1,669 3,785
94
13,608 6,911
64,521 4,008
62,273
6.811
475 2,401 1,202 1,270
474 2,686 2,460
699 1,141
572
1,775 632
2,159 719
3,235 957 853
373 2,380
21,305 1,535
287
1980
1,769 3,439
92
15,273 9,005
69,163 5,111
81,408
8,419
567 2,459 1,321 1,328
491 2,714 2,530
679 1,236
552
1,785 599
2,161 622
3,730 1,437
829
315 2,007
22,209 1,833
348
1981R
1,839 3,928
92
19,263 8,863
60,684 5,252
87,227
10,165
621 2,220 1,331 1,462
509 2,964 2,470
814 1,397
578
1,955 564
2,102 652
3,902 1,646
896
174 2,424
22,140 1,979
316
1982R
1,959 3,869
102
16,215 7,730
55,209 4,383
86,624
9,418
663 2,297 1,218 1,512
491 3,036 2,379
675 1,382
593
1,771 634
2,103 592
4,102 1,340
947
230 2,256
25,859 1,837
395
1983
2,030 3,549
109
16,496 6,073
54,539 4,055
87,146
9,192
626 2,480 1,151 1,535
519 3,082 2,610
756 1,512
598
1,822 570
2,074 722
3,775 1,383
931
249 2,655
22,917 1,613
193
Annual(%) Growth Ratec
1984b 1971-84
2,137 3,946
118
20,108 7,931
56,806 3,451
94,392
8,545
606 2,794 1,164 1,692
2,593 701
1,563 687
1,787 628
2,739 629
3,678 1,496 1,006
290 2,659
19,728 1,886
184
6.2 5.3 3.4
4.8 3.4 7.6 4.0 5.6
6.9
8.6 6.1 4.3 6.4
5.8 5.1 6.3 1.2 7.6 1.7
2.0 0.9 1.0 2.1 3.5 8.3 4.3
3.1 5.2 6.1
28.0 1.2
SITC, Rev. 2 Codes
423.91 423.2 423.6 411.3 081.42 081.3
263.1 268.1 + 268.2
247.1 248.2
211 121
333 287.32 684.1 287.1 + 682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 271.3
Rapeseed Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Ammal Oil, etc. Fishmeal Soybean Cake and Meal
NON-FOODS"
Fibers
Cotton Wool (degreased)
Timber (1 ,000 m3)
Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)
Other
Hides and Skins Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS"·•
Petroleum (million mt) Alumina Aluminum Copper Nickel (revised) Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore (million mt) Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
42 599
1,286 424
1,941
1,107 649
5,230 29,372
674 275
14 325
1,555 1,107
335 26
606 1,275
80 5,137
109 689
61 1,482
761 3,668
810 684
13,018 32,494
906 316
28 1,119 1,885 1,273
434 33
983 2,009
108 9,852
1971
192 1,279
70 1,807
857 5,248
966 695
14,016 38,371
1,036 298
53 2,090 1,876 1,373
530 32
1,151 2,111
141 11,783
1972
250 1,016
97 1,742
940 5,094
729 763
17,332 43,264
1,124 375
71 2,327 2,143 1,434
511 33
1,098 2,369
137 12,464
1973
347 918 132
1,706
906 6,456
1,299 716
1974
314 1,487
93 1,906
950 7,160
1,223 533
18,429 16,208 46,844 39,529
1,109 393
84 2,737 2,390 1,662
550 38
1,234 2,733
174 12,358
1,236 446
50 3,344 2,501 1,837
572 39
1,236 2,737
185 12,407
"Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industnels a 6conom1e de marcM. 1961-84 {milliers de !annes metriques)a • Exportac1ones de los prindpales productos b8s1cos por los pa1ses industnales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas). 8
8Unless otherwise noted • Saut 1ndicat1on contraire • A menos que se mdique otra cosa.
bPreliminary data • Donnees prov1501res • Clfras provisionales
cleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendenc•a de mimmos cuadrados
dsee pages xxvii and xxx for French and Spanish commodity descnptions • Vw pages xxvii et xxx pour Ia descnpt1on fran<;:a1se et espagnole des prOdUI!S • Vease Jas p.3.gmas XXVil y XXX para deSCripciOneS de prOdUC!OS en frances y espafiO)
8 Data for iron ore are in gross wetght; aJJ other mineral data are in metal content wetght • Dans le cas du mmerai de fer, las chiffres mdtques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour tous les autres mineraux, ils destgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre mineral de hierro se dan en pesos brutos; todos los demas datos de mmerales son de contentdo met.3.1ico
Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: Votr Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10.
1975
278 1,074
77 1,720
945 5,547
915 557
14,434 30,807
1,411
396
47 3,326 2,191 1,526
490 35
1,226 2,305
164 10,757
1976
320 1,250
130 1,944 1,082 6,695
852 685
18,229 42,595
1,556 392
43 4,153 2,507 1,525
511 24
1,200 2,618
174 9,312
1977
547 1,531
105 2,179 1,155 5,942
1,073 722
17,989 48,094
1,510 396
48 4,166 2,653 1,533
469 30
1,265 2,462
164 13,531
1978
434 2,004
236 2,159 1,047 8,602
1,401 607
18,407 51,981
1,579 490
62 4,315 3,038 1,503
423 32
1,361 2,920
153 13,741
1979 1980A
553 619 2,299 2,271
231 442 2,275 2,440 1,064 1,088 9,093 10,459
1,587 689
21,501 55,150
1,515 452
86 4,464R 2,718 1,436
445 35R
1,344 2,839R
178 14,729
1,907 676
19,042 52,913
1,407 397
87 4,809 3,384 1,724
428
35
1,379 2,841
163 14,443
1981R
796 2,032
527 2,452
997 10,281
1,373 704
14,952 48,538
1,542 430
92 4,381 3,168 1,556
416 38
1,167 2,718
150 10,594
1982R
745 2,208
379 2,392 1,005
10,660
1,527 661
18,181 49,221
1,552 447
104 3,954 3,436 1,533
356 34
1,248 2,820
128 10,099
1983
761 2,044
587 2,453 1,112
11,678
1,380 687
20.409 58,180
1,544E 410
117 4,328 3,858 1,717
357 18
1,208 3,326
129 11,749
Annual(%) Growth Ratec
1984b 1971-84
961 2,327
560 2,461
9,071
1,612 696
21,748 60,211
437
137E 5,062 3,585 1,600
416 29
1,210 3,263
151 11,835
12.1 7.1
19.1 3.3 1.6
6.3
4.9 0.2
1.9 33
1.6 1.7
5~
~8
~0
~6
3.1 -1.7 ~5
~5
~9
-~1
TABLE15 TABLEAU15 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)"·b
36
SITC. Rev. 2 Codes
112.3 112.1 072.32
043 045.9 044 042 041
061.1 +061.2
025.1 022.42/43 023 024
036 034+035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014
057.4 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4
222.1 222.6 222.2 224.4 423.3
FOODS"
Beverages and Products
Beer Wine Cocoa Butter
Cereals
Barley Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin
Sugar
Eggs and Dairy Products
Eggs 1n Shell Milk and Cream, Dry Butter Cheese and Curd
Fish and Meat
Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb Pig Meat Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables
Apples Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Cottonseed Oil
Average Average 1961·65 1966-70
173 329
1,139
57 48 54
148 65
125
590 308 830 741
643 429 733 433 718
1,005
140 144 123 170
61 168 207
256 123 99
154 283
187 401
1,474
62 51 58
185 64
96
616 370 774 893
914 361 945 490 906
1,090
153 170 132 198
68 171 230
280 119 104 166 290
1971
208 377
1,339
60 60 67
153 67
140
644 496 981
1,099
1,102 598
1,132 539 867
1,176
173 205 149 219 60
190 306
298 134 115 186 352
1972
229 427
1,331
58 60 64
183 68
168
678 632
1,247 1,279
1,139 696
1,366 561
1,062 1,276
195 250 158 267
76 213 332
268 140 126 149 299
1973
255 658
1,981
94 84 91
294 105
219
963 701 996
1,495
1,530 896
1,710 837
1,561 1,715
271 246 172 318 121
303 406
442 203 209 232 348
1974
283 609
3,148
138 122 129 437 176
297
921 891
1,350 1,754
1,524 1,005 1,732 1,203 1,449 1,821
251 256 199 366 113 482 439
606 331 254 378 628
1975
334 578
3,307
141 123 137 401 169
487
904 1,078 1,772 2,071
1,623 1,070 1,694 1,026 1,817 2,124
332 341 248 422 154 403 526
630 339 229 319 663
CUADR015
1976
346 599
3,165
138 117 122 313 153
365
1,028 901
1,714 2,026
1,839 1,204 1,647
964 1,900 2,142
268 294 233 432 260 394 493
683 261 216 292 542
1977
391 734
4,773
132 107 110 340 126
308
1,127 775
1,769 2,193
2,361 1,381 1,778 1,089 1,891 2,167
405 316 255 530 199 417 538
704 302 271 250 595
1978
427 981
4,866
136 111 116 421 130
282
1,125 886
2,301 2,572
2,715 1,519 2,073 1,330 2,113 2,486
454 392 330 549 153 423 620
746 297 252 266 596
1979
481 952
5,446
143 123 129 381 163
310
1,156 997
2,299 2,809
3,050 1,597 2,478 1,538 2,290 2,639
414 550 471 598 188 451 715
751 290 273 295 671
1980
528 1,061 6,563
173 139 146 426 186
477
1,345 1,245 2,500 2,946
3,096 1,705 2,722 1,707 2,325 2,924
488
538 479 661 179 549 849
750 315 270 285 634
1981R
478 877
4,959
173 151 153 488 186
510
1,259 1,376 2,690 2,675
2,949 1,645 2,637 1,795 2,216 2,628
460 483 438 622 171 594 742
1,019 331 284 316 626
1982A
486 871
4,652
157 128 127 419 171
324
1,007 1,312 2,757 2,586
3,031 1,548 2,573 1,724 2,168 2,627
511 405 430 611 180 487 704
863 329 245 313 533
1983
484 885
4,156
142 141 145 395 163
266
939 1,089 2,453 2,441
3,183 1,455 2,347 1,521 1,917 2,452
413 425 396 563 163 387 666
784 339 261 382 555
Annual(%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971·84
457 830
4,508
145 133 150 415 158
253
946 989
2,061 2,212
2,164 1,440 1,768 2,062
403 365 356 548 208 379 608
777
349 279 369 724
7.1 6.3
10.2
6.5 5.8 5.5 6.0 5.9
4.3
3.0 5.3 7.7 6.1
10.2 8.2 5.6 8.5 5.3 5.2
7.4 6.0 9.4 7.5 6.9 5.2 6.5
8.0 6.0 5.2 4.5 4.6
SIT C. Rev 2 Codes
423.91 423.2 423.6 411.3 081.42 081.3
263.1
268.1 " 268.2
247.1 248.2
211 121
333 287.32 684.1 287.1 +682.1 287.2 + 683.1
287.6" 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5" 686.1 281 271.3
Rapeseed Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Anrmal Oil, etc. Fish meal Soybean Cake and Meal
NON-FOOos•
Fibers
Cotton Wool (degreased)
Timber (US$/m3)
Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)
Other
Hides and Skins' Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALSe,g
Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Copper Nickel (revised) Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
250 259 333 165 147 86
590 2,083
17
36
543 1,693
17 165 454 669
1,500 3,695
255 169
8 9
235 262 270 165 163 95
531 1,783
21 40
540 1,907
18 146 483
1,194 1,882 3,561
276 189
9 9
1971
311 314 415 199 t93 100
624 1,302
24 47
490 1,957
21 145 499
1,022 2,433 3,296
265 223
9 8
1972
267 291 388 181 203 116
719 1,439
27 54
786 2,091
21 143 481
1,035 2,533 3,546
294 282
9 9
1973
362 355 462 283 447 219
750 3,186
48 75
1,132 2,205
25 167 505
1,509 2,678 4,217
394 370
10 9
1974
695 701 945 439 433 202
1,153 4,505
53 94
856 2,414
77
189 699
1,907 2,971 6,629
568 591
11 20
•Ex(X)rtations des principaux produits de base des pays mdustriels a economie demarche, 1961-84 ($EUitonne metrique)3 ·b • Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos por los paises industriales con econom•a de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrica). 3 ·b
ilComputed from unrounded data • Calcuh3es a partir de cMfres non arrondis • Calculadas a partir de datos no redondeados
bUn\ess othern1se noted • Sauf Indication contraire • A menos que se md1que otra cosa.
cPre\iminary data • Donnees provisoires • C1fras prov1sionales
dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendenc1a de min1mos cuadrados
9See pages xx and xxxu for French and Spanish commod1ty descriptions • Voir pages xx et xxxu pour \a descnpt1on franya1se et espagnole des produits • V8ase las p8ginas xx y xxxii para descripciones de productos en frances y espafiol 11ncludes canle hides and calfskins, sheep and lambskins. goat and kidskins • Les cuars et peaux de veaux et de t>ovins, et les peaux de moutons et de chEtvres sent tncluses • lncluye cueros y pieles de vaca, becerro. ove1as y cabras
90ata tor iron ore are m gross weight; all other mineral data are m metal content weight • Dans le cas du m1nera1 de fer, les chitfres 1ndiques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour taus les autres m1n8raux. ils d9sigent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sobre mmeral de hterro se dan en pesos brutos; todos los demas datos de mmerales son de contemdo metahco
Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: Vo1r Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadm 10
1975
680 725
905 370 275 173
1,137 2,831
56 85
692 2,821
83 238 789
1,217 3,596 5,129
438 575
15 42
1976
462 478 634 374 340 185
1,333 2,852
57 92
910 2,971
91 254 861
1,358 3,934 8,148
451 568
15 33
1977
601 592 689 414 460 237
1,517 3,553
63 98
1,096 3,344
102 267
1,030
1,287 3,905
11,102 621 526
16 26
1978
614 626 705 453 472 216
1,297 3,618
70 107
1,266 3,676
104 289
1,108
1,310 3,645
13,036 613 426
16 30
1979
650 687 839 551 444 241
1,443 4,004
88 131
1,887 3,894
146 299R
1,383
1,789R 4,495
13,250R 1,146
549 17 30
1980A
636 644 694 504 514 247
1,575 4,467
95 137
1,515 4,187
248 333
1,652
2,196 5,876
15,590 846 565 20 43
1981R
535 561 680 480 510 262
1,782 4,631
86 123
1,236 4,213
271 373
1,476
1,773 5,863
12,648 764 673
22 40
1982R
480 497 632 443 417 234
1,419 4,511
79 110
1,291 4,337
243 358
1,197
1,415 5,199
12,051 600 617
22 34
1983
501 533 574 408 449 238
1,507 3,819
66 111
1,342E
Annual{%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971-84
697 727 785 487
1,636 3,969
66 107
4.2 4.4 2.8 6.4 6.2 5.3
7.1 7.3
7.9 6.3
4,486 4,349 8.4 7.2
219 380
1,310
1,541 4,338
13,404 581 573
22 35
215E 403
1,303
1,392 4,459
12,550 593 671 20 35
24.9 8.7 9.6 2.5 6.2
12.4 6.8 6.2 7.8
12.0
37
TABLE16 TABLEAU16 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)a
38
SITC, Rev. 2 Codes
072.1 071.1 074.1 112.3 112.1 072.32
043 045.9 044 042 041
061.1 +061.2
025.1 022.42/43 023 024
036 034+035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014
057.4 057.3 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4
FOODS0
Beverages and Products
Cocoa Coffee
Tea Beer Wine Cocoa Butter
Cereals
Barley Grain Sorghum
Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin
Sugar
Eggs and Dairy Products
Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream, Dry
Butter Cheese and Curd
Fish and Meat
Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb
Pig Meat Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables
Apples Bananas Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes
Potatoes Pulses
Tomatoes
Average Average 1961·65 1966-70
910 2,560
408 520
2,261 81
4,775 3,102
16,625 1,055
14,102
10,300
309 331 511 461
261 1,270 1,142
459 218 401
1,195 3,647
347 2,826
527 1,914
835 813
876 2,786
436 718
2,131 114
5,749 4,668
23,152 1,109
15,412
11,559
209 557 558 606
375 1,587 1,490
557 384 552
1,347 4,677
410 3,144
625 2,256 1,199 1,014
1971
928 2,936
456
883 2,261
126
7,514 5,823
23,596 973
17,201
12,433
254 539 553 703
506 1,721 1,646
597 579 611
1,479 5,331
444 3,222
677 2,206 1,140 1,106
1972
941 3,008
435 924
2,894 141
6,850 4,488
25,367 929
17,700
12,836
254 637 520 736
598 1,951 2,017
632 792 651
1,727 5,653
435 3,515
571 2,620 1,311 1,152
1973
893 3,165
454 1,067 3,266
142
6,796 5,168
30,006 991
18,291
12,407
281 850 650 798
611 2,177 2,196
534 838 669
1,541 5,562
456 3,680
631 2,491 1,310 1,234
1974
836 2,924
465 1,092 2,719
137
7,908 7,465
31,543 934
16,349
13,865
333 676 746 853
648 2,235 1,566
412 805 640
1,692 5,424
462 3,411
642 2,397 1,007 1,172
1975
841 3,139
435 1,173 3,107
139
7,270 6,858
31,409 919
17,695
11,937
324 571 747 843
711 2,070 1,693
512 949 613
1,700 5,318
449 3,427
708 2,554
995 1,168
CUADR016
1976
848 3,209
450 1,293 2,964
145
8,240 7,275
33,817 1,312
17,772
11,691
323 874 674 929
801 2,257 1,884
506 1,043
734
1,869 5,406
508 3,472
633 3,243 1,072 1,214
1977
776 2,626
497 1,224 3,081
141
7,964 7,351
34,182 1,407
17,094
13,164
347 888 578 950
753 2,466 1,918
509 964 720
1,911 5,551
504 3,644
713 3,229 1,121 1,291
1978
836 2,959
381 1,372 3,283
150
7,957 6,736
32,889 1,660
17,954
10,519
386 1,128
654 998
906 2,648 2,166
525 1,065
737
1,871 5,760
542 3,432
771 2,761 1,128 1,335
1979
766 3,353
421 1,589 3,637
174
6,566 6,883
32,943 1,410
17,406
11,360
422 1,092
622 1,084
991 2,845 2,228
493 1,133
756
1,909 5,788
524 3,500
851 3,010 1,259 1,350
1980R
794 3,256
451 1,597 3,493
173
6,735 5,818
33,715 1,430
17,629
9,874
444 857 644
1,055
949 2,822 2,074
414 1,241
697
1,897 5,570
529 3,563
822 3,176 1,253 1,342
1981R
955 3,242
389 1,676 3,853
175
7,581 4,628
33,368 1,636
17,368
9.707
445 700 711
1,125
984 2,976 1,873
382 1,303
705
2,158 5,645
537 3,349
886 3,303 1,215 1,322
1982R
967 3,315
429 1,785 3,857
185
7,535 5,781
32,150 1,825
17,858
8,704
459 908 719
1,165
1,065 3,099 1,998
438 1,363
685
1,928 5,894
561 3,554
857 3,444 1,300 1,378
1983
918 3,324
401 1,927 3,678
210
8,195 3,851
31 ,465 1,762
15,154
8,347
467 1,230
626 1,192
1,167 3,055 1,976
385 1,446
733
2,222 5,338
578 3,507 1,037 3,371 1,563 1,492
Annual(%) Growth Ratec
1984b 1971-84
985 3,377
457 2,047 3,833
222
6,593 5,873
28,585 2,013
17,625
9,375
501 1,288
552 1,267
1,922 383
1,546 757
2,271 5,805
582 3,676
940 3,417 1,663 1,586
0.4 1.0
- 0.6
6.6 3.3 3.9
0.0 -1.1
1.4 6.5
-0.3
-3.3
5.5 5.0 0.4 4.5
6.7 4.8 0.8
-3.2 6.6 1.3
2.8 0.4 2.3 0.3 3.9 3.2 2.2 2.3
SITC, Rev. 2 Codes
222.1 222.6 222.2 222.4 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 411.3 081.42 081.3
263.1 268.1 + 268.2
247.1 248.2
232 121
333 287.32 684.1 287.31 287.1 + 682.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Animal Oil, etc. Fishmeal Soybean Cake and Meal
NON-FOODS0
Fibers
Cotton Wool (degreased)
Timber (1,000 m3)
Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)
Other
Rubber Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS0·•
Petroleum (million mt) Alumina Aluminum Baux1te9
Copper Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore (million mt)• Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
1,103 292
4,832 125 308 304 444 227 678
1,610 1,704
2,173 770
7,768 34,324
1,449 627
391 1,031 1,055
15,937 2,658
151 1,246 1,768
152 2,546
18,160
1,095 739
8,178 331 412 389 540 179 892
2,343 3,360
2,112 758
17,657 38,326
1,653 704
723 2,145 1,852
21,353 3,168
173 1,419 2,487
224 3,432
25,113
1971
697 1,442
11,065 213 507 331 831 380 947
1,958 4,802
1,932
696
1972
638 1,523
11,991 290 678 442 964 270
1,014 2,274 5,190
1,971 757
19,985 24,909 42,826 49,075
1,924 764
977 3,385 2,030
25,695 3,316
164 1,433 2,567
276 4,266
26,786
1,909
860
1,093 3,591 2,381
25,219 3,711
176 1,464 2,804
273 3,897
27,958
1973
775 1,529
12.175 286 588 427
1,039
303 1,045 1,211 5,632
2,228 585
27,082 53,467
2,057 900
1,246 4,302 2,589
27,265 4,169
170 1,478 3,086
327 4,339
32,121
1974
682 1,225
14,843 229 477 337
1,022 556 930
1,164 5,953
1,809 431
23,996 43,701
2,053 908
1,165 4,676 2,758
31,726 4,344
161 1,494 3,555
354 4,422
35,305
*Importations des pnnc1paux produits de base des pays mdustnels a economie demarche, 1961-84 (milhers de tonnes metr1ques)a • lmportaciones de los pnncipales productos bi:ls1cos par los pafses mdustnales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas). 8
8Unless otherwrse noted • Sauf mdicatfon contra1re • A menos que se md1que otra cosa
bPrelim1nary data • Donnees provrsorres • Cifras provrsronales
cleast squares trend • Tendance des morndres carres • Tendencra de mmrmos cuadrados
1975
651 1,039
14,154 176 745 343
1,386 507 927
1,350 5,783
1,753 516
22,133 34,075
1,934 948
1,077 4,500 2,051
27,496 3,775
146 1,291 3,408
318 4,321
26,064
1976
783 1,266
15.486 332
1,076 362
1,423 525
1,033 1,323 7,263
1,836 653
1977
594 1,437
15.277 468 871 369
1,261 549
1,123 1,280 7,256
1,602 528
25,166 26,401 45,949 50,612
2,072 960
1,183 4,704 2,641
27,575 4,082
158 1,357 3,143
323 4,056
22,960
2,158 901
1,223 5,180 2,855
31,148 4,221
159 1,421 2,942
296 3,072
27,462
1978
611 1,241
18,285 946 942 336
1,099 632
1,086 1,135 9,713
1,747 537
25,716 55,772
2,074 1,048
1,207 5,231 3,110
29,421 4,293
152 1,440 3,111
281 2,904
30,368
1979
597 2,141
19,218 1,166
983 418
1,164 638 985
1,335 10,197
1,710
565
27,857 58,274
2,163 1,006
1,254 5,186 3,117
29,845 4,091
156 1,445 3,114
320 3,515
32,170
1980R
525 2,054
20,669 1,442
886 455
1,124 655
1,084 1,293
10,845
1,740 504
24,325 53,294
2,049 947
1,077 5,700 3,530
32,374 4,289
149 1,439 2,958
299 3,351
31,255
1981R
525 2,318
18,513 1,445 1,086
303 1,003
641 1,098 1,063
11,954
1,515 508
1982R
519 2,185
20,486 1,074 1,014
357 1,018
716 1,087 1,322
12,784
1,705 470
19,997 21,125 47,664 49,120
2,038 933
924 5,111 3,523
30,269 4,146
140 1,283 2,916
286 2,825
26,829
1.967 910
810 4,059 4,074
25,157 4,354
111 1,321 2,817
255 2,497
24,891
Annual(%) Growth Ratec
1983 1984b 1971-84
483 2,554
19,213 1,157 1,048
406 1,172
695 1,061 1,266
13,963
1,693 452
526 2,703
17,312 819 815 267
1,024 689
1,088
13,627
1,690 545
21,456 20,992 56,406 58,350
2,083 916
762 4,846 4,596
21,484 3,970
120 1,303 3,081
233 2,289
26,584
2,267 948
767E 4,928 4,586
21,484 4,301
129 1,515 3,277
277 2,725
27,232
-M 60 45
1D 5~
-M
06 6~
1.0 -31
9~
-1.6 -2.2
-0.8 1.9
0.7 0.9
22 2.2 6.1
-M 1.1
-u 0.4 03
-1~
-« -06
dsee pages xx and xxxii for French and Spanrsh commodrty descnptions • Vorr pages xx et xxxrr pour Ia descrrptron tran9arse et espagnole des produits • vease las p<iginas xx y xxxri para descrrpcrones de productos en frances y espar'lol
eoata for bauxite and iron ore are rn gross werght; all other mrneral data are rn metal content werght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxrte et du mrnerar de fer, les chrffres rndiques correspondent aux poids bruts. pour taus les autres mrneraux. lis desrgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxrta y mrneral de hrerro sedan en pesos brutos, todos los demas datos de mrnerales son de contenrdo metalrco
Sources. See Table 10 • Sources Vorr Tableau 10 • Fuentes Vease el Cuadra 10
39
TABLE 17 TABLEAU 17 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)a"
40
SITC, Rev 2 Codes
072.1
071.1 074.1
112.3 112.1 072.32
FOODS"
Beverages and Products
Cocoa Coffee Tea Beer
Wine Cocoa Butter
Cereals
043 Barley 045.9 Grain Sorghum
044 Maize 042 Rice 041 Wheat and Meslin
061.1 +061.2 Sugar
025.1
022.42•43
023 024
036 034+035 011.1 011.2
011.3 014
057.4 057.3
057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1
054.2 054.4
Eggs and Dairy Products
Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream. Dry
Butter Cheese and Curd
Fish and Meat
Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc.
Bee I Lamb
Pig Meat Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables
Apples Bananas Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes
Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes
Average Average 196/-65 1966-70
476 776
1,204 157
242 1,109
64
58 61
142
73
126
552 276
872 772
901
380
698 518 742
1,098
183 127
183 162 221
79 154
253
628 848
1,026
174 298
1,442
70
63 65
172 75
112
566 332 846
936
1,278R
481
898 596 921
1,237
202 144 221 166
237
82 151
303
1971
620 943
1,006
199 382
1,296
77 69 75
160 78
142
605 453
1,182 1,156
1,555R
665 1,173
667 964
1,449
220 136 288 186 279
78
193 369
1972
589 1,004
1,024 220 421
1,309
76
68 71
184 81
170
649 571
1,324 1,370
2,761R 782
1,388
796 1,076 1,511
236 144 351
187 325
89 204
395
1973
885 1,259 1,031
251 567
2,107
115 102 104
304 124
197
956 676
1,127 1,548
1974
1,445 1,396
1,210 270
618 3,360
151
138 145 494
203
408
876
880 1,332 1,819
2, 154R 2,320R
978 1,004 1,889 1,808 1,243 1,341
1,573 1,490 2,034 2,224
327
155 390 216
382 152 276
458
301 175
403 238 421 131
440 483
1975
1,516 1,368 1,414
323
595 3,239
158 144
150 422
195
579
899 1,057
1,766 2,150
2,379 1,108
1,768 1,248
1,791 2,263
397
218 488
281 477 174
413 567
CUADR017
1976
1,553 2,321 1,397
327
636 3,351
156 129 136
338 174
328
1,051
913 1,834
2,127
2,931 1,293 1,770 1,271
1,908 2,230
312 216
368 294
472 317
420 531
1977
3,063 4,619 2,354
360 736
5,138
157
118 125 377
154
255
1,116 733
2,087 2,346
3,329
1,509 1,930
1,493 1,954
2,259
427 239
416 316 600 225 473 601
1978
3,669 3,634
2,286 434 927
4,763
176
120 132 453 177
271
1,087 845
2,618
2,744
3,480 1,758
2,321 1,833
2,152 2,503
526 260 497
383 619
170 489 697
1979
3,628 3,472 2,247
476 1,045 5,463
186 136
155 484 204
294
1,138
944 2,919 3,038
4,412 1,997
2,900 2,169 2,392
2,869
476
285 683 437 679
203 494 743
1980R
3,033 3,718 2,347
543 1,143
6,293
206 164 171
530 236
528
1,398 1,301
3,338 3,319
4,296 1,988 3,129
2,467 2,432 3,201
565 324
660 466 769
203 521
864
1981R
2,042 2,694 2,114
500 976
5,042
196 188 180 534
224
469
1,258 1,347
3,212 2,994
4,297 1,986 2,934 2,550 2,352
3,049
466 340
588 437 727
180
600 878
1982A
1,816 2,722
1,964 517
935 4,552
182 144
149 459
200
324
964 1,235 3,009
2,889
4,309
1,913 2,750 2,292 2,293 2,889
563 329 444 412
726 199
539 726
1983
1,761 2,731
2,096 516 967
4,011
163
159 161
443 196
329
936 928
2,836 2,712
4,348 1,854
2,665 2,042 2,051 2,685
370
358 507 394 679 172
409 710
Annual(%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971-84
2,204
3,003 2,908
497
936 4,552
167 155
171 437
183
315
929
823 2,326 2,472
2,400 1,932
1,905 2,475
387 341
412
359 670 226 402
603
10.1
10.0 8.1
8.2 7.6
9.9
6.0 5.9 5.7
6.7 6.2
5.0
3.3 5.1
8.5
6.8
9.6 9.8 6.3
9.0 5.6
4.8
5.3 8.3 3.6 7.0
7.4
5.6 6.1 5.5
SITC. Rev. 2 Codes
222.1 222.6
222.2 222.4
424.3 423.4 424.2
423.2 411.3 081.42
081.3
263.1 268.1 + 268.2
247.1 248.2
232
121
333 287.32 684.1
287.31 287.1 +682.1 287.6 + 687.1
287.4 + 685.1
287.5 + 686.1 281
287.7 271.3
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals
Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Animal Oil, etc. Fish meal Soybean Cake and Meal
NON-FOODS"
Fibers
Cotton Wool ( degreased)
Timber (US$im3)
Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)
Other
Rubber Tobacco
FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS"·'
Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Bauxite' Copper Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore1
Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock
Average Average 1961-65 1966-70
203 126 108
136 261 347
230 252 177
133
93
644 2,162
26 41
531 1,403
17
148
536 12
674 2,901
205 175
10
66 12
213
121 112 137
289 310 208
247 175
154 102
618
1,832
33 46
452 1,434
16
148
583 12
1,223
3,282 255
199 10
55 14
1971
289 140 127
179 295 435
254
312 213 185 109
688 1,367
35 52
380 1,438
19
156 638
13
1,052
3,537 239
220 11 54
15
1972
310 141
134 179 217
415
218 292 192
176 121
784 1,835
37
58
350 1,517
20
158 581
13 1,015
3,677 267 281
11
54
15
1973
409 197
213
238 334 517 274
380 311 420
236
879 4,122
61
80
566 1,713
26 162 564
13 1,520
4,512
352 382
13
66 17
1974
600
328 260 379 976
1,008
566 732
460 406
208
1,393
3,915
73 106
806 1,904
80 199 762
14 2,024 7,689
483
571 15
93 45
1975
638 357
255 393
500 868 491
753 367 267 179
1,172
2,827
72 97
599 2,274
87
258 815
21 1,237
6,870
394 427
18 114
62
1976
554 274 224
327 357
739
385 490
393 327 198
1,353
3,317
71 100
760 2,409
93 267
869 24
1,342 7,269
410
581 19
128
49
1977
703 318
293 310
560 913
520
603 434 465
251
1,734
3,786
78 108
867 2,585
100
295 1,058
24 1,282
10,084
582 531
20 138
41
1978
811 327
259 300 592
1,111
551
640 471 460
222
1,499
4,006
83 122
982 3,011
103
325 1,138
28 1,327
12,532
618 456
21 131
39
1979
821 318
289 347
936 1,063
655 714
571
430 250
1,699 4,472
116
142
1,273
3,034
142
362 1,386
30 1,944
14,614 1,093
584 23
135 43
1980A
861
341 288 328 718
871 612
673 525
498 264
1,856 5,071
131
159
1,457
3,144
240 433
1,699
37 2,359
16,408
900
585 27
160
61
1981R
1,170
366 304 351 575
1,109
569 580 487
507 277
1,913
4,852
103
133
1,225 3,134
270
456 1,501
37 1,804
14,104
884
677 28
162
62
1962R
825 348
253
364 503 694 491
503 461
402 239
1,566
4,462
94 129
902 3,457
251 438
1,209 43
1,541
12,662 671 601
29 157
56
1983
796
354 261 408 540
619 447
521 412
439 240
1,643 3,923
82 123
1,015
3,548
222 407
1,405
40 1,673
12,786
645
622 28
140
48
Annual(%) Growth Rated
1984c 1971-64
902
369 299 412
1,004
1,090 700
732 472
226
1,818 4,091
80 114
1,058
3,473
218E 412
1,544 40
1,459
12,677
604 715
25 131
44
8.9
6.5 5.0 5.1
7.0 4.7 6.6
4.3 5.8
6.8 4.9
7.1 6.5
6.8
6.4
8.8
7.5
25.2 9.5 8.7
11.2
3.0 11.7
8.9 7.0 7.9
8.1 9.1
•tmportatlons des principaux produits de base de pays 1ndustnels a economie demarche, 1961-84 ($EU11onne metnque)a.b • lmportactones de esee pages xx and xxxu tor French and Spanish commodity descnpt1ons • Voir pages xx et xxx:u pour Ia descnpt1on franya1se et espagnole des los principales productos bas1cos por los paises industriales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (US$'tonelada metnca) a.b produits • vease las pagmas xx y xxxit para descnpciones de productos en frances y espal'lo!
acomputed from unrounded data • CalculBes a partir de chtftres non arrondis • Calculadas a part~r de datos no redondeados
bunless otherwtse noted • Sauf mdication contra1re • A menos que se indtque otra cosa
cPreliminary data • Donnees provisotres • Cifras provtstonales.
dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres canes • Tendenc1a de mtnimos cuadrados
1Data for bauxite and iron ore are 1n gross wetght; all other mineral data are 1n metal content we•ght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxite et du mmera1 de fer. les ch1ffres mdtqUes correspondent aux po1ds bruts; pour taus les autres minE!raux. 1ls d6stgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxtta y mtneral de hierro se dan en pesos brutes: todos los demas datos de minerales son de conten•do metahco
Sources· See Table 10 • Sources· Votr Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10
41
TABLE18 TABLEAU18 CUADR018 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WORLD* (1981-83 average; 1,000 metric tons)
42
SITC No (Rev. 2)
072.1 0723 071.1 071.2 074.1 112.1
042 045.9 044 041 061.1 I 061.2
011.1 014
057.3 057.1 057.2 058.3 + 058.5 054.1-054.5 056.5
223.1 222.1 223.2 222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.3 081.4
263.1 264 265.4 268.1 + 268.2 232
247.1 I 247.2 248 121
Commod1ty
FOODS Beverages Cocoa Cocoa Products Coffee Soluble Coffee Tea Wine
Cereals Rice Grain Sorghum Maize Wheat and Meslin
Sugar Meat Beef Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables Bananas Oranges Other Citrus Fruits Canned Fruits Fresh Vegetables Canned Vegetables
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals Copra Groundnuts Palm Kernels Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Oilseed Cake and Meal Fish and Meat Meals
NON-FOODS Fibers Cotton Jute Sisal Wool
Rubber Timber Logs Sawnwood
Tobacco
Importer
North America Japan Western Europe Australia and New Zealand
Total Imports of Selected
Commodities
lndustnal Developing Developmg Developing Developing Market Countnes World Countnes World Countnes World Countries World Economies World
227 88
1,074 25 86 61
18 2
0 3,430
68 87
2.837
24
844 5
0 65
0 0
452 2
145 2
15 51
9 17 4
11 741
144
237 132
1,115 34
105 995
123 20
831 35
4,183
607 227
2,838 323 138
2,067 32
0 121
0 383 459
5 146 16
536 99
59 18 4
45 751
1,012 10,401
169
34 13
187 9
11 12
39 1,101 1.769
0 1,300
0 4
681
0 12 6
199 129
71 38 13
189 37
0 150
156 156
34 20
188 14 13 45
40 3,358
13,954 5,721 1,881
127 19
681 83
278 21
357 205
74 56 13
4,512 37
0 150 25
230 242
276 717 11 11 6 6
169 464 464
12,047 21,661 472 2,424
28 82
634 661 89 241
1,833 1,932 24 63
237 263 278 3,272
440 1,566 476 1,349
1,714 17,339 202 10,948
1,591 2,675
146 1,184 104 489
1,749 1,360
457 473 983
45
2,097 3,042
909 1,354 8,486
626
169 175 228 392
76 105 1,439 14,601
447 516 258 335 656
5 10,347
433
748 599
19,221 1,264
503 861 71 82 66 67
116 453 803 832
2,952 8,449 3,160 16,481
389 656
13 6
39
29 2
1 0 0
0
0 0
2 6 0 0
19 1
17 0 1
2
1
8 4 1
46
13 13 39
29 11
10 4
10 74
140
3 2
945 406
3,274
410 4,323
1,739 4,731
32,134 16,778 8,879
1,921 737
37 5,653 17 3,465 3 1,328
18 10,928
4
9 0
25 19
1
17 43 27
8
1
8 4
10 46
1,028 14
253 578 118
19,521 1,031
341 1,061
683 20,014
1,613
1,638 119 81
677 2,093
31,124 30,334
921
1,250 536
3,890
896 5,069
12,377 13,423 73,179 97,138 29,104
3,313 1,052
6,539 5,097 1,883
11,544
383 768 142
27,179 1,343
428 3,478 3,462
29,319 3,273
4,427 524 235
1,140 3,294
43,100 45,143
1,412
·Importations par les pays industne/s a economie de marche de prodwts de base en provenance de pays en d6veloppement et de !'ensemble du monde, moyenne, 1981-83 (Milliers de tonnes metnques). lmportaciones de productos seleccionados de palses en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por pafses industnales con economia de mercado, promed1o en 1981-83 (Miles de toneladas metricas). 1 Est1mates • Estimation • Est1mac16n
Sources: FAO, Trade Yearbook 1983; FAO, Yearbook of Forest Products, 1972-83: FAO, Yearbook of Fishery StatistiCS, 1983; UN, Comtrade Data Base Statistics.
I ADLI: I~ I 1-\~Lt:.AU 1 ~ \,;UAUHU 1 ~ INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WORLD* (1981-83 average; million US dollars, c.i.f.)a
SITC No. (Rev. 2)
072.1 072.3 071.1 071.2
074.1
112.1
042 045.9
044 041 061.1 + 061.2
011.1
014
057.3
057.1
057.2 058.3 + 058.5 054.1 -054.5
056.5
223.1 2221
223.2 222.2
424.3 423.4 424.2
423.2 081.3
081.4
263.1 264 265.4
268.1 + 268.2
232
247.1 + 247.2
248 121
Commodity
FOODS Beverages Cocoa Cocoa Products CoHee Soluble Coffee
Tea Wine
Cereals Rice Grain Sorghum Maize Wheat and Meslin
Sugar Meat Beef Canned Meat
Fruits and Vegetables Bananas
Oranges Other Citrus Fruits
Canned Fruits Fresh Vegetables Canned Vegetables
Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals Copra Groundnuts Palm Kernels
Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil
Palm Oil Soybean Oil
Oilseed Cake and Meal Fish and Meat Meals
NON-FOODS Fibers Cotton
Jute Sisal Wool
Rubber Timber Logs Sawnwood
Tobacco
Importer
North America Japan Western Europe Australia and New Zealand
Total Imports of Selected
Commodities
Industrial Developing Developing Developing Developing Market Countnes World Countnes World Countries World Countries World Economies World
423
224 2,982
185 151
57
12 1
4 0
1,429
169 244
866 22
8 483
523 6
132
0 0
245
71 1
3 16
14 4 2
37
809
1
138 429
445
310 3,124
239 199
1,028
59 8
128 5
1,704
1,511
656
866
115 50
685 957
23
0 182
0 93
250 4
71
8 112
31
93
164 822
85 2,441
486
70
44 514
40
34 12
22 164 268
0 371
2 7
233
1 8
10 145 101
25 46
3 60 21
0 74
3 37
58
480
5
27 462
1,846
192 108
71 67
518
85
43
65
23 522
2,136
1,173
533
410
57
233 68
190
39 225 168
26 64
3 1,309
21
3 74
13
60 93
1,249
5 4
576
462
3,410
836 436
1,206
247 4,997
126
497
252
176
80 271
46
665
445 312
828 554
192
489 498
61
62 190
23
402 251 192
323
3 2,218
175
884 26
39
339 849
606 1,130 1,089
1,259
744
5,335 406
560 2,588
725 238
2,988 2,277 1,188
3,640
1,339
1,003
1,243
407 1,115 3,621
460
65 334
33 3,895
294
262
380 319
4,312
532
1.443 29
40 1,351
872
1,143
5,164
2,152
25 18
95 12
49 4
2 0 0 0
20
0 2
14
0 0
16 2
0 0
11 1
0
2
46
0 66 26
26 41
98 25 51
33
6 1
5 16 45
6 6
14
10 2
26 17
9
1
11
0 8
12
7
24
4
3 1
3 32
46
206
69
1,801 1,162
9,075 755
853 3,714
813
769 5,257 3,471
3,470
5,567
2,058
2,116 1,436
649 1,865 4,820
660
92 591
36 5,305
577
270
532 364
4,491
660
2,788
39 49
2,123 2,202
4,639
8,647 3.143
2,367 1,456
10,316
859 1,912 4,755
5,135 2,028
11,878
19,048 5,874
8,093
2,780
2,214 2,165
871 2,168
5,927
736
143
704 42
7,529
746
346 1,812 1,978
6,915 1,271
7,241 184
161 2,741
3,526
6,540 10,122
4.579
•tmportatlons par les pays industrials a econom1e de march€! de prodUI!s de base en provenance de pays en dE!veloppement et de !'ensemble du monde, valeur moyenne 1981-83 (millions de dollars EU, c a f.) • lmportac1ones de productos selecc1onados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por paises Industriales, con economia de mercado, valor med10 en 1981-83 (m1Uones de US$, c.1 f)
a Data for the Umted States, Canada. and Australia are I o b. • Les donnees pour les Etats-Unis, le Canada, et I'Austrahe sont I o b • Los datos relat1vos a los Estados Unldos. Canada, y Australia son f o.b
Sources. FAO. Trade Yearbook, 1983: FAO. Yearbook of Forest Products. 1972-83: FAO. Yearbook of F1shery Statistics, 1983; UN. Comtrade Data Base StatiStiCS
43
IV. PRICE AND FREIGHT RATE INDICES
IV. Indices des prix et des taux de fret IV. Indices de precios y de fletes
44
IADLI:. ~U I ADLI:.AU "U (;UADAO 20 SELECTED PRICE INDICES* (1980=100)
Price Indices of GOP at Market Prices 1
Indices des prix du PIS aux pnx du march€! 1
Indices de precios del PIS a prec1os de mercado 1
Year OECD-Total2 United States3
An nee OCDE-T otal2 Etats-Unis3
A flo OCDE-Total2 Estados Un•dos3
1960 28.2 38.2 1961 28.6 38.5 1962 295 39.3 1963 30.2 39.9 1964 31.1 40.5
1965 31.6 41.0 1966 32.8 42.4 1967 33.8 43.6 1968 34.7 45.8 1969 36.1 48.1
1970 38.1 50.7
1971 40.8 53.3 1972 45.1 55.7 1973 51.3 58.7 1974 56.6 64.0
1975 63.5 69.9 1976 65.7 74.0 1977 71.4 78.3 1978 82.7 84.1 1979 916 91.2
1980 100.0 100.0 1981 99.2 108.9 1982 98.5 116.4 1983 99.4 121.7 1984 99.46 126.7"
*Indices des prix selectionnBs (1980= 100) • lnd•ces de precios seleccionados (1980 ~ 100).
1 These indices were con~Jerted into dollars from the domestiC currency series on the 1980 reference base penod, published by the OECD and computed usmg GOP at current prices and current exchange rates • Ces indices ont ete convertis en dollars a partir des series en monnaies nationales de Ia pEtnode de base de reference de 1980 pubh6es par I'OCDE et on les a calcutes en employant le PIB aux pnx et taux de change courants • Estos indices se con~Jirtieron a d61ares a part1r de las series en monedas nac•onales del perfodo base de referencia de 1980 publteados por Ia OCDE y se calcularon empleando el PIS a prec1os y tipos de camb1o cornentes.
2Excluding Yugoslavia. New series • Non compns Yougoslavie Nouveau serie • S1n 1n-cluir Yugosla~Jia. Nueva sene.
3 Series revised • Serie rev1ser • Serie revisada.
4tndustnal mari<:et economies' (France, Germany, FR .. Japan, United K•ngdom. United States) 1nd1ces of US dollar umt values of manufactured exports to develop•ng countnes The '"CIF" index combines a 90% we1ght of "FOB" export pnces w1th a 10% weight of transport costs. Series revised. • Indices de valeur unitaJre en dollars EU des exporta· lions de produits manufactures en provenance des pays industnels a econom•e de march€ (France. AUemagne. Rep fed .. Japan, Royaume-Um, Etats-Un1s) vers les pays en developpement Pays d"indJce CAF represents une ponderahon de 90% des pnx d'ex-
Manufactunng Un1t Value
Index (MUV) 4
lndice de Ia valeur un1ta1re des US Producer prodwts manufactures (VUM) 4
Pnce Index lnd1ce del valor un1tano de
lndice des prix a Ia manufacture (VUM)4 production des EU
"CIF" lndex5
lndice de prectos al lnd1ce CAF5
productor de los EE.UU. lnd1ce "CIF"5
35.3 28.7 35.2 29.2 35.3 29.7 35.2 29.2 35.3 29.8
36.0 30.0 37.2 31.1 37.2 31.4 38.2 31.2 39.7 32.8
41.1 34.9 42.4 36.8 44.3 40.0 50.2 46.4 59.6 56.5
65.1 62.8 68.1 63.7 72.3 70.0 77.9 80.5
87.7 91.2
100.0 100.0 109.1 100. 111.3R 97.6 112.7R 96.4 115.46 94.76
portation FOB et de 10% des coOts de transport. S8rie r8v1ser • Indices de valor un1tano en US$ de las exportac1ones de productos manufacturados procedentes de los paises mdustriales con economia de mercado (Francia, Alemama, Rep. Fed., Jap6n. Reino Un-1do. Estados Unidos) hacia paises en desarrollo. En el indica ""CIF' se combina una pon-deraci6n de 90% de los precios '"FOB" de exportaci6n con una ponderaci6n de 10% de costos de transporte. Serie rev1sada
5Unit Values of Manufacturers (SlTC 5~8). Classification Includes Chemicals, Manufac· lured Goods Classified by Material, Machinery and Transport Eqwpment and Miscella-neous Manufactured Articles • Valeur umtaire des produrts manufactures (CTCI 5-8). La classification comprend produits ch1miques. articles manufactures classes principalement d'apres Ia matiere premiere. machines et materiel de transport, et articles manufactures di~Jers. • Valor unitano de los productos manufacturados (CUCI 5-B). La clas1f1cac16n 1n-cluye productos quimicos. articulos manufacturados clasificados pnncipalmente segUn el material, maquinaria y material de transports, y articulos manufacturados diversos.
6Prelimmary • Prehmmaire • Prelimmar
Source: OECD. Mam EconomiC lndtcators; World Bank. Economtc Analysts & ProjeCtions Department • OCOE, Prmc1paux mdicateurs econom1ques; Banque mond1ale. Departement de /'analyse et des proJections econom1ques • OCDE. Mam Eco-nomtc Indicators: Banco Mundial, Departmento de Aniflists y Proyecc10nes Econ-6m1COS
300
200
---· ~ 100
I ~ 90
I! 80 ~~
70 , 60 J
I 50 US Producer
,~, Price \ndex
40 \ ,~ y ~
Manufactur~r·1q Ur•:! ------· Value l~1dex :c I;
_30 ~ ......... \
OECD-Total GDP Implicit
Price Defla1or
20
10 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1
s~mi:lort~mi1c s~a~~ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984
45
TABLE 21 TABLEAU 21 CUADRO 21 PURCHASING POWER INDEX OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES EXPORTED BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF IMPORTED MANUFACTURES, 1948-85*" (annual averages; constant dollars; 1977-79 = 1 00)
(Weights% Share)b
1948 1949
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985
Petroleum
Q
~
41 ~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
a a a ~
~
n n n ~
~
~
a ~
100
% 100 100 ~
111
166 1E 1E 1~
1M
1~
33 Commodities (Excludmg Energy)
(100.0)
1~
1~
1~
1~
130 1~
1~
1~
13 1~
1~
100
1W 100 u
117 115
1W 106 u
100 1ro
1~
~
M 1~
1~
112 1~
112 ~
~
113 ~
77 ~
~
n
Total (71 8)
116 114
158 163 128 120 134
125 122 124 107 106
104 95 94
121 111
92 89 87 88 91
91 86 92
120 164
113 110 116
94 93
113 89 73 78 78
67
Total (58.1)
110 110
1~
1~
115 115 1~
114 115 1~
1m %
~
~
% 1~
1~
E ~
~
~
E
~
~
~
119 1~
119 110 119 ~
~
115 ~
M N ~
M
Beverages (26.4)
~
• w % E 00
131
1~
1W ~
~
N
n M ~
~
M
M ~
w w ~
M ~
~
~
~
q
00 1~
~
81
M ~
~
~
M
~
Agriculture
Food
Cereals (7.5)
162 169
183 172 164 168 160
139 136 127 126 121
114 120 130 132 129
125 136 143 140 132
113 103 101 178 212
149 119 100 104 96
105 112
84 91 88
80
Fats and Oils (8.6)
162 126
153 157 125 130 124
113 112 110 102 111
104 106 98
105 106
117 110 103 100 94
104 99 89
157 150
89 94
106 97 98
82 79 66 79 96
73
Other (15.6)
145 145
190 184 136 123 125
123 126 166 120 108
111 96 97
223 167
84 76 79 80
105
109 116 155 170 374
241 149 105
93 103
219 141
86 89 65
54
Non-Food (13.6)
139 128
227 269 179 142 143
172 152 145 131 151
155 131 128 121 120
117 114 107 112 114
100 96 91
124 114
89 111 102 97
102
106 92 83 95 90
81
Timber (4.8)
~
w 72 ~
~
61 E
• ~
w ~
~
72 n N n ~
~
m 00 ~
m m n ~
100 w ~
~
91 00 1~
1~
1~
106 w
113
109
Metals and
Minerals (23.4)
100 107
125 135 150 139 136
156 159 139
1f? 125
125 120 115 115 138
158 164 136 140 146
143 117 107 135 149
116 111 104 92
104
106 93 85 88 85
84
*lndice du pouv01r d'achat des exportations de prodwts de base partes pays en d9veloppement en fonction des importations de produits manufactures, 1948-85 • lnd1ce del poder adquisitivo de los productos pnmarios exportados par los pafses en desarrollo, en terminos de las manufacturas importadas, 1948-85
8 Computed from unrounded data and deflated by manufactunng uM value (MUV) c.Lf. 1ndex • Ca!cule a partir de donnees non arrondies et expnme en pnx constants sur Ia base de l'mdice de Ia valeur unitaire des produits manufactures (VUM) ca. f. • Calculados a partir de datos no redondeados y deflactado segUn el indice del valor umtario de manufacture (VUM) c.Lf.
bWeighted by 1977-79 developmg countnes' export values • Ponderai!On en foncbon de Ia valeur des exportations des pays en developpement pour 1977-79 • Ponderado segUn los valores de exportaciones de los paises en desarrollo para 1977-79.
Note: The commoditieS included in each group are: beverages--coffee, cocoa, tea; cereals-maize. nee. wheat, grain sorghum; fats and Oils--palm 011, coconut Oil. groundnut oil. soybeans, copra. groundnut meal, soybean meal: other foods-sugar, beef, bananas, oranges; non-foods-cotton, JUte, rubber, tobacco: timber-logs; metals and minerals-copper, tin, nickel, bauxite, alummum, iron ore, manganese ore, lead, zinc. phosphate rock • Note· Les produits inclus dans chaque groupe sont les suivants: b01ssons--cafe, cacao. the: cerealesmars, riz. ble, grames de sorgho: gra1sses et huiles-hwles de palme, de coco et d'arachide, SOja, copra, Iarine d'arach1de et Iarine de SOJa; autres prodUits allmenta1res-sucre, boeuf, bananes. oranges; prodwts non alimenta1res---coton. jute. caoutchouc. tabac; bois de charpente----bois en grumes: metaux et m1neraux---cwvre. 8tain, nickel, bauxite. alummium. minerai de fer. mmerai de manganese, plomb, zinc, phosphate nature! • Nota: Los productos incluidos en cada grupo son los SIQUientes: beb1das: cafe. cacao, te: cereales maiz, arroz, tngo. sorgo en grana; grasas y aceites: aceites de palma, de coco y de mani. soya, copra, hanna de man1 y de soya; otros productos alimentarios: azuCar, carne de vacuno. bananas. naranjas: productos no alimentarios: algod6n. yule. tabaco; madera. madera en trozas; metales y mmerales: cobre, estaflo. niquel. bauxita, aluminio. mineral de hierro. mmeral de manganese. plomo, zinc. fosfonta.
Source: World Bank, Economic Analysis and Projecl10ns Department. Commodity StudieS and ProjeCtions Division • Source: Banque mondiale, oepartement de !'analyse et des projeCtions economiques, Division des etudes et prOjectiOns sur les produits de base • Fuente: Banco Mundial, Departamento de AnAhsls y Proyecc1ones Econ6micos, DivisiOn de Estudios y Proyecc1ones sabre Productos B8sicos.
46
• Average OPEC Price
Non-Food
Metals and Minerals
50~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~----~--_j
~ 52 56 60 M 68 72 76 80 85 YEAR
TABLE 22 TABLEAU 22 CUADRO 22 OCEAN FREIGHT RATES AND INDICES, 1960-85*
Freight Rates (US$,metnc ton)
Taux de fret par voie mant1me ($EU1tonne m8tr1que)
Fletes marit1mos (US$. tonelada metnca)
Year Grains1 Sugar2
An nee Grams1 Sucre2
A rio Granos 1 Azucar2
1960 3.7 12.4 1961 4.8 12.8 1962 3.3 11.5 1963 4.4 13.4 1964 4.2 12.7
1965 4.6 13.9 1966 3.6 13.2 1967 4.3 12.3 1968 3.4 12.6 1969 4.1 13.9
1970 7.0 19.3 1971 3.3 16.9 1972 4.1 16.1 1973 13.2 30.0 1974 10.2 45.05
1975 4.6 35.05
1976 5.2 27.35
1977 5.5 15.9 1978 7.1 16.3 1979 12.4 21.5
1980 16.1 26.8 1981 14.1 21.4 1982 10.3 14.2 1983 9.4 15.2 1984 10.2 15.5E 1985 Jan. -Oct 10.0E 15.1E
·raux de fret et md1ces des taux de fret par vo1e maritime, 1960-85 • Fletes mant1mos e indices de fletes mantimos, 1960-85.
1 US-Canada (St Lawrence) to AntwerpiRotterdam!Amsterdam; beg1nnmg 1976 for wheat only • Etats-Unis-Canada (St. Laurent) vers Anvers/RotterdamAmsterdam; a part1r de 1976 pour bl8 seulement • Estados Un1dos-Canada (San Lorenzo) a Amberes Rotterdam/Amsterdam; a partir de 1976 para tngo sotamente
2Australia (Queensland) to Unrted Kingdom; begmn1ng 1977 Australia (Queensland) to Japan • Australia (Queensland) vers Royaume-Un1, 8 part1r de 1977 Australia (Queensland) vers Japon • Australia (Queensland) al Remo Unido; a partir de 1977 Australia (Queensland) al Jap6n.
3uner services: we1ghted average of quotations by all flags to and from ports 1n the Antwerp-Hamburg range. Weights are determined accordmg to the estimated fretght charges m the base year • Services r8guliers: moyenne pondEnee des cours par taus pavilions a destination et en provenance des ports s1tues entre Anvers et Hambourg Les ponderations sont obtenues sur Ia base des coUts de fret pour l'ann8e de base • Serv1c1o regular; promedio ponderado de las cot1zac1ones par buques de todas las banderas a·-y desde puertos en Ia zona de Amberes/Hamburgo. Las ponderaciones se determtnan en funci6n de los fletes estimadoes en el ano base
Fretght Rate lnd1ces Indices des taux de fret par vo1e manttme
Indices de fletes man limos (1970 ~ 100)
Germany, Fed Rep Allemagne, Fed. rep. Aleman1a, Fed. Rep
Dry Cargo3
Carga1son Seches3 Carga Seca3
Tankers4
Nawes C1ternes4
Barcos T anques4
75 78 80 82 85
88 91 94 94 96
100 110 115 123 164
179 188 201 211 234
250 276 281 280 3166
36 34 62 63 51
100 58 41
116 75
40 39 39 52 89
71R 47R 43R 46R 48 49E
40fficial mdex. Combrnat1ons w1th equal we1ghts of the arithmetic average of quotatiOns from important oil centers to the United Kingdom or the continent of Europe for crude oil and crude oil products based on "WORLD-SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale). Period 1965-70 rebased from the original base of 1963= 100 Effect1ve 1980, base weight is 1980-100 • lndice officiel: combinaison de pond8rat1on egale de Ia mayanne arithm8tique des taux entre d'importants centres p8trollers et des ports du Royaume-Uni ou de I'Europe continentale pour le p8trole brut et les produits du p8trole brut tondee sur le bareme "WORLD-SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nommal Freight Scale). Pour Ia penode 1965-70 Ia base 6ta1t pr9c9demment 1963= 100. A partir de 1980, Ia base de pond8ration est 1980=-100 • lndice oficial: combinaciones, con igual ponderaci6n, de Ia media arttm8tica de las cotizaciones de fletes desde centros petroleras importantes al Reina Unido o a Europa continental para petr61eo crude y sus productos, con base en Ia "'WORLD SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale). Para el pen6do 1965-70, el ai'lo base original era 1963= 100. Desde 1980, Ia base de ponderaci6n es 1980~ 100.
5Partly estimated • Estimes partiellement • Estimados parc1almente.
6January-June average • Moyenne Janvler-JUIO • Promedio de enero-Junio.
Sources: FAO Trade Yearbooks: International Wheat Council Releases, Drewry's. Shipping StatiStiCS and Econom1cs of London; UN, Monthly Bulletin of StatistiCS.
47
(/) w
0 a: a. :>
en .Q (.)
~
a. :> >< "i: a. :>
(/) 0 a: ~ z w
::!: :::J <
( (/)
~ 0 ::::) c 0 a: a.
(/) w
a: ~ z w
::!: :::J <
( (/)
!::: ::::) c 0 a: a.
(/) c 0 0 LL
c:o "<t
COCOA (US cents/kg)
Year An nee Aria
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
70.5 78.5 78.0 82.0
127.4
82.5 60.0 67.7 97.7 80.5
62.8 49.8 46.5 56.0 51.6
37.9 53.8 63.9 75.8
100.8
75.4 59.1 71.2
142.6 216.5
165.4R 240.3R 447.5R3
NQ NQ
232.34
210.5 185.1 221.5 256.4
241.75
CACAO (Cents EU/kg)
Accra (Ghanaian) 1
Accra (gMneen) 1
Accra (Ghanes) 1
''~b(l " n' I .,nt :_
'qd\1"'
C•
IUIJ c
,. .~ 1 'J r: ;_4: i:
3-L· >J
~li B
, -· :~ r;
20~:l:
::: ~ ~ (~
~) 1, b (1
~ f·C ,--,
i 78 G .,
JED?
::.."6,-, -1
~ ?7 ::
tl: -l'-1 ~i
I(,
1' r
23~: 3
2~9 ~.
1 Spot. New York • Comptant New York • Prec10 al contado. Nueva York
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
63.1 70.1 70.1 67.5
116.2
79.4 57.3 63.9 87.5 72.5
58.9 48.5 45.9 55.3 50.5
36.6 51.8 59.7 72.1 90.4
67.5 53.8 64.4
113.1 156.1
124.6 204.6 379.0 340.4 329.3
260.4 207.9 173.6 212.0 239.6
223.8
CACAO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
New York and London2
New York et Londres2
Nueva York y Londres2
i:··
,.:_;.t;'
r•,c
't.
.,_,r·L·
' .; ~l
~' ~.: (
:<.::· ? ,cf!
-, ~ "
21nternational Cocoa Organizatton (ICCO), average datly pnce. nearest three future tradtng months • Organisalton mternaMnale du cacao (OIC), cours quol!dten moyen, trots mots de transactions a vemr • Organizaci6n lnternacional del Cacao, preceo medto deano, pr6x1mos Ires meses de negoc1aC10n
3 January-May average No quotateons for rest of period • Moyenne Janv1er-ma1 Pas de cours pour le reste de Ia periode • Promedio de enero-mayo Sin cot•zac1ones en el resto
del perfodo.
4 July-December average • Moyenne JUillet--decembre • Promed1o de Julio-dlctembre
SJanuary-September average • Moyenne Janvter-septembre • Promedeo de enero-sept1embre
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant
- ICCO AVG. DAILY PRICE ·-- ICCO AVG. DAILY PRICE
US CENTS/KG 700
600
500
A
f\ 400
I 1 f\ }.
tA ~'.j
1\ I \ 1\ I I v I
'v\ I I VA I
300
200
100 ~
A 1\ I '
7"' 1\) \ I ' 1\ 1\ I IV
\1
90
80
70
60
50
40
30 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975
A
\ ~
1
~~ v
1980 1985
49
COFFEE CAFE CAFE (US cents/kg spot New York) (Cents EU/kg comptant New York) (Centavos EE.UU./kg precio al contado Nueva York)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
MAMS1
MAMS1
MAMS1
Current $ 1980 Constar1t $ $ courants 1980 S const<1nts $ cornentes 1 QSO S umstantp~
117.5 129.4 125.7 131.8 176.4
142.4 163.1 140.9 115.3
99.7
99.0 96.1 90.0 87.3
107.6
106.9 104.5
92.4 93.9 99.2
124.3 108.7 125.0 159.9 171.5
179.3 347.7 529.6 408.3 404.2
393.7 320.1 327.6 308.2R 324.8
325.8
519.9 495 8 460.4 495 5 678 5
537 4
595 3
503 2 404 6 354 8
345 0 329 0
303 0 299 0 36 ~ 1
355 3 336 0 294 3
301 0 3024
356.2 295 4
312.5 344 6 303 b
285 5 545 8
756 6 507.2
443 2
393.7 318 5 335.7 319.7 343 0
Other Mild Arabtcas2
Autres Arabtcas doux2
Otros Arc\btcas suaves2
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
110.5 129.2 125.7 125.2 170.2
132.9 151.0 134.3 108.7
93.0
92.4 89.5 83.3 80.5
101.0
100.1 92.8 86.4 86.6 87.7
114.6 99.2
110.9 137.3 145.1
144.2 314.6 517.4 358.9 382.5
340.0 282.0 3086 290.2 318.0
307.6
i 980 Constant $ 1080 S constants 1980 $ con<>tantes
488.9 495 0 460 4 470.7 654 6
5015 551 1 479 6 381 4
331 0
322.0 306.5 280.5 275 7
338 9
333.7 298 4
275 2 277 6
267 4
328.4 269.6 277 3
295 9
256 8
229 6 493 9 739 1
445.8 419.4
340 0
280.7 316 2
301 0 335 8
Brazihan3 Bresthen3
Brasileiios3
Current $ ; 980 Constant S $ courants 1980 $constant:;
$ corrientes 1980 s constanteo,
111.3 119.5 119.1 127.7 173.5
125.9 128.1 125.4 106.7 81.6
80.7 79.4 75.0 75.2
103.0
98.6 90.0 83.3 82.5 90.0
120.4 98.8
112.4 1526 161.7
184.9 329.5 679.0 319.8E 388.5
458.3 3866 316.7 314.7 330.0
318.6
492 5 457.9 436.3 480.1 667 J
475.1 467 5
447 9 374 4 290 4
281.2 271.9 252 5 257 5 345.6
328 7 289.4 265 3 264 4
274.4
345 0 268.5 281 0 328 9
286.2
294 4
517 3 970.0 397 3
426 0
458 3 384 7
324.5
326 5 348.5
Angolan4
Angolats4
Angoleflo4
Current $ ; 980 Constdnt S $ courants 1980 $ con~t,mh $ cornentes 1980 S constantcs
91.5 104.9 101.9 108.5 138.9
99.7 84.7 88.6 88.6 67.5
55.8 43.9 47.6 63.3 80.3
69.7 75.0 74.5 75.6 74.1
92.6 94.4 99.0
110.0 129.4
134.6 281.3 493.3 3251 364.8
324.4 226.7 245.0 273.6 304.6
258.7
404 9 401.9 373.3 407 g
534.2
376.2 309.1 316 4 310.9 240 2
194 4
150 3
160 :J
216 8
269 5
232.3 241 2
237 3
242 3 225 9
265 3
256 5 247.5 237.1 229 0
214 3
441 6 704 7
403.9 400 0
324.4 225.6 251.0 283 8 321 7
1Colombien coffees from Man1zales. Armenia and Medellin; from 1973. ICO 1nd1cator pnce for Colombian m1ld Arab1ca • Cales colomb1ens de Manizales. Armenia et Medellin: a part1r de 1973, pnx mdicatif de !'Accord mterna!IOnal sur le cafe pour les Arab1cas doux de Colombie • Cafes colombianos de Manizales, Armema y Medellin: desde 1973. precio indicativa de Ia OIC para el Ar8.b1ca suave Colomb1ano.
21CO mdtcator pnce (arithmetic average of Salvadoran central standard, Guatemalan and Mex1can pnme washed) ex-dock New York for prompt shipment • Pr1x mdJCallf de !'Accord internatiOnal sur le cafe (moyenne arithmebque du salvadonen ··central standard"' du guatemalt8que et du mex1cain lave. qualit€ "prime""). a quaL New York, pour expedition rapide • Prec1o lndicai!VO de Ia OIC (media aritmetica del cafe salvadoreno estandar central. el guatemalteco y el mex1cano lavado de variedad "prime"' en muelle en Nueva York.
para embarque inmediato
3santos 4; from 1973, ICO quotations for Unwashed Arab1ca • Santos 4: a partir de 1973, cotat1ons de I'Accord tnternal1onal sur le cafe pour I'Arabica non lave • Santos 4: desde 1973. cot1zaciones ICO para cafe de espec1e Ar8b1ca s1n lavar.
50
4Ambnz 2AA (Robusta): from 1973. ICO Robusta, anthmetic average of Angola (Ambnz 2M). Ivory Coast (Superior) and Uganda (Native Standard) • Ambnz 2M (Robusta): a partir dr_, 1973, cotations de I' Accord .nternational sur le cafe. moyenne anthm8t1que de I' Angola ('"Ambnz 2AA"'). de Ia COte d'lvo1re ("Superior") et de I"Ouganda ("Nahve Standard" I • Ambriz 2AA (Robusta), desde 1973, Robusta OIC, promed1o aritmet1co de Angola ("Ambnz 2AA"), Costa de Marfil ("Supenor""} y Uganda ("Nat1ve Standard")
Current -- BRAZILIAN
-- OTHER MILOS
2000 US CENTS/KG
1000
900
900
700
A
I' v \
600
500
400
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
r \
Constant -- BRAZILIAN
OTHER MILDS
1n
~ A 300
" '\) v V"'
200
100
90
80
) \ ~ L
... J\ I '- I
\J ~ '-1
70 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975
lA \ ~ \\4
yv
1980
TEA (US cents/kg) London Auction
Year Current$ An nee $ courants
Sn Lankan Sri-lankals
de Sri Lanka
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constant·'
Ana $ corrientes 1980 $ cor,~!CliHPs
1951 118.6 454.4
1952 118.8 435 2
1953 123.7 465.0
1954 163.3 628 1
1955 165.4 624 2
1956 170.3 621 5
1957 149.7 534.6
1958 152.3 534.4
1959 156.4 556.6
1960 153.0 533.1
1961 144.3 494 2
1962 145.6 490 2
1963 134.3 459 9
1964 137.9 462 8
1965 132.7 442.3
1966 132.5 426 1
1967 134.5 428 3
1968 110.0 352.6
1969 109.1 332 6
1970 113.3 324 6
1971 111.1 301.9
1972 114.8 287.0
1973 112.8 243.1
1974 143.6 254 2
1975 139.9 222 8
1976 151.1 237.2
1977 276.7 395 3
1978 221.9 275.7
1979 222.1 243.5
1980 215.2 215.2
1981 204.9 203.9
1982 189.5 194.2
1983 237.0 245.9
1984 336.5 355 3
1985 Jan. -Oct. 204.2
Note. The London Auct1on reopened 1n Apnl1951
THE (Cents EU/kg) Encheres Londres
Northern India lnde du Nord
Norte de Ia lndta
Current 1980 Constant S
$courant:;. 1980 S corstants
$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes
112.8 432.2
92.4 338.5
111.7 418.9
164.6 633 1
163.5 617 0
156.8 572 3
145.6 520 0
151.5 531.6
149.5 532.0
152.3 530.7
143.9 492.8
156.0 525 3
143.4 491 1
140.6 471 8
134.4 448 0
134.1 431.2
136.4 434.4
107.3 343 9
99.6 303.7
112.1 321 2
102.4 278.3
104.0 260 0
111.2 239 7
139.9 247 6
141.5 225 3
160.0 251 2 281.7 402.4
235.0 291.9
230.6 252.9
248.7 248 7
220.7 219 6 198.2 203 1 240.4 249 4
3650 385 4
227.82
Note: Les encheres de Londres ant ete rouvertes en avnl 1951 Nota: La subasta de Londres reanudb sus actividades en aMI de 1951
Current$ $ courants $ comentes
60.5 101.9 154.6
114.8 109.5 105.8 119.6 120.7
131.6 128.5 138.3 125.4 130.8
126.8 129.6 132.5 107.3 106.1
116.6 115.0 108.8 110.3 151.6
146.8 171.3 292.6 240.9 243.0
259.4 220.8 207.2 242.6 365.1
226.7
TE (Centavos EE.UU./kg) Subasta de Londres
Kenyan Average All Tea 1
KEmyen Moyenne generale, the 1
Ken1ano Promedio general. te 1
1980 Constant S Current$ 1980 Constant S
1980 S L.OnS!drliS $ courants 1980 S ( onstants
1980 S cor'staf"!tes $ cornentes 1 ~80 S ccmsta'ltes
112.9 432.6
221 6 94.1 344.7
383 1 112.7 423 7
594 6 162.8 626 2
433.2 154.3 582 3
399 6 149.3 544.9
377 9 136.9 488.9
419 7 141.8 497.S
429 5 140.7 500 7
458.5 142.2 495.5
440 1 136.0 465 8
465.7 137.6 463 3
429 5 130.5 446 9
438.9 132.5 444.6
422 7 129.2 430 7
416 7 125.7 404 2
422.0 126.8 403 8
343 9 104.5 334 9
323.5 97.2 296.3
334 I 109.6 314.0
312 5 105.4 286 4
272 0 105.2 263.0
237.7 105.8 228 0
268.3 140.2 248 1
233 8 138.5 220 5
268.9 153.7 241.3
418 0 268.7 383 9
299.3 218.9 271.9
266.5 215.5 236 3
259.-1 223.1 223 1
219 7 201.7 200 7
212.3 193.2 198 0
251 7 2328 241 5
385 5 345.8 365 2
203.6
1 Averages weighted by volume sold • Moyennes ponderees par le volume des ventes • Promed1os ponderados en tunc16n de los voiUmenes vend1dos
2Excludes July, August and September • Non compns JUIIIIel. aoUt et septembre • No 1ncluye los meses de JUliO, agosto y sepliembre
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant I - AVERAGE ALL TEA -- AVERAGE ALL TEA -- NORTHERN INDIA NORTHERN INDIA
US CENTS/KG 1000
I 900
I 800 ~- . --
l - -
700
I I
"' 800 ~---~-~--- - - --~- - --
1\ I !
500 ,...
~ \ I -+ '-400 v +----· I--~--f--- ~--
300 ,j
\~ ~ ~ 200 ,
f ~~ -
J
H r \J I ~ ~ '
I
100 v ..., 90 -- --
! I
$0 !-----
70 I I 1950 1965 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1985
RICE (US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Ana
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
136.7 144.4 156.3 174.7 157.9
141.5 136.9 137.2 142.3 132.2
124.7 136.5 152.8 143.3 137.7
136.3 163.2 205.8 201.6 186.9
144.0 129.0 147.0 350.0 542.0
363.1 254.5 272.2 367.5 334.2
433.9 482.8 292.9 276.9 252.1
217.1
RIZ ($EU/tonne metrique)
Thai·1
Tha1landais 1
Tailandes 1
')J.l 0
-~99 6 ·190 0 -~99 3 .~-;~ 5
~34 5
':76 2
399 s JBS 9
4:n :-) 480 4 '300 <
:!87 ;' 266 :~
1s% broken, milled, f.o.b. Bangkok • Bt1sures 5"/.,, I o b Bangkok • Quebrantados 5%, f.o.b. Bangkok
ARROZ (US$/tonelada metrica)
Current$ $ courants $ cornentes
184.1
181.8 207.2 205.0 194.0 184.1
179.7 184.1 190.7 187.4 190.7
196.2 201.7 298.7 604.1 438.7
382.5 311.1 459.9 357.4 470.7
498.3 565.0 369.3 380.3 369.3
356.4
United States2 Etats-Un1s2
Estados-Unidos2
1)55 2
633 ~~
709 b
1-)90 2
66<'1 ·+ b. 7 .s
599 c 592 0 607 3
600 6 :J81 -~
:)62 2
548 1
746.8 1 301 9
776 ~
609 1
488 4
657 ()
444 0
:,w 1
498.3
~62.2
378 4 394 5
3>JG C
2Texas medium grain No.2, f.o.b. mill. Marketing year (August-July) average From 1980. Louisiana med1um grain, No.2 • Riz ml-long du Texas No 2, f.o.b usine. Moyenne de Ia campagne (aoUI-JUIIIet). A partir de 1980, riz mi-long du Louisiana, Na 2 • Texas, grano medtano 2a clase, f.o.b molino. Promedto de camparia (agosto-julio) de comercializacion. Desde 1980, Louisiana, grano mediano 2a clase.
52
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant -u.s. ---THAI
2000 1S$JMETAIC TON
1000
900
800
l
.... I/"' I - "' w
700
800
500
I
400
300
,....,_ .... .... ,, 200
j\ ~ ~
1\ ~
100 1950 1955
I J
1960 1965 1970
U.S. THAI
' A
~ ~~ '(~ 'Av
r~ I~ I v \
1975 1980 1985
GRAIN SORGHUM (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee A flo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
1 No 2 M1!0 yellow, I o b Gulf ports • No 2 "Mtlo'
SORGHO ($EU/tonne metrique)
United States 1
Etats-Unts 1
Estados Unidos 1
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
53.3 61.9 65.4 55.4 55.1
48.2 52.0 43.3 43.3 37.9
37.7 42.6 45.6 48.6 48.2
47.2 51.7 50.4 46.5 50.1
51.8 55.7 56.0 93.0
121.0
111.9 105.2
88.4 93.8
108.1
128.9 126.4 108.5 128.8 119.0
104.1
1aune, I o.b ports du Golfe du Mextque • Amanllo Mila'· N'- 2. I o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mextco
SORGO EN GRANO (US$/tonelada metrica)
Current 19BO Ct ·I rstctr: S --us. NO. '980 S (:onstantc;
1 '•SO S u•·•··"'"'"' US$/METRIC TON
235 8 400 ?.37 2
239 6 208 :l 2~ 1 f1
18~ 9 300 189 8 154 6 151.9 134 9
"' 131 4 145 \) 153 5 200 166 4 161 7
157 3 166 2 160 5 149 0 ~ S2 7
148 4 151 4 140 0 200 4 214 2 100
178 2 90 165 2. 126 3 '16 5 80
118 8
70 128 9 - ''-
125 8 t\ ~ 11 2
133 6 60
~\ 125 7
A
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant 2 MILO, YELLOW -- US. NO. 2 MILO, YELLOW
A \
v ~ I ~
i'f " \ \J r
,....._ ~tr 50
\ r v 40
\.. f--.
30 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1985
MAIZE (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee A flo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants $ cornentes
68.6 104.4 105.0 78.5 73.3
81.6 80.7 73.0 58.4 58.4
59.5 59.1 57.3 64.8 66.6
72.8 72.0 58.1 3
60.93
66.1 3
68.9 66.7 71.6
119.3 158.7
154.1 138.9 114.4 132.5 154.8
210.3 181.0 137.4 162.2 167.3
134.44
MAIS ($EU/tonne metrique)
Argentine 1
Argentm 1
Argentmo1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantcs
303.5 400.0 384.6 295.1 2819
307.9 294.5 260.7 204 9 207 8
207.3 202 4 192.9 221.9 223 5
242.7 231 5 185 0 195.2 201 5
197.4 181.3 179.0 257.1 280 9
245 4 218 1 163 4
164 6 169 7
210.3 180.1 140.8 168.3 176.7
MAIZ (US$/tonelada metrica)
United States2 Etats-Ums2
Estados Unidos2
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants
$ corrientes 1950 $ cunstantes
68.1 301.3 72.0 275.9
62.6 229.3 60.2 226.3 58.3 224.2
48.8 184.2 51.6 188 3 47.6 170.0 47.6 167.0 46.1 164.1
43.3 150.9 45.9 157.2 51.4 173 1 54.7 187 3 55.8 187 3
55.0 183 3 59.4 191.0 49.9 158.9 49.1 157.4 53.9 164.3
58.4 167.3 58.4 158.7 56.0 140 0 98.0 211.2
132.0 233 6
119.6 190 5 112.4 176.5 95.3 136.1
100.7 125.1 115.5 126.6
125.3 125.3 130.8 130.2 109.3 112.0 136.0 141.1 135.9 143.5
113.3
1 Up to 1969, yellow, La Plata, parcels, c.i.f. Liverpool and London; 1970 onward c.Lf. Rotterdam for 30-60 days delivery. 1973 onward, c.i.f. North Sea ports • Jusqu'en 1969, jaune, La Plata, parcelles, c.a.f. Liverpool et Londres; 8 part1r de 1970, c.a.f. Rotterdam pour !ivraison 30 a 60 )Ours; a partir de 1973, c.a.f. ports de Ia Mer du Nord • Hasta 1969, amarillo, La Plata, fardos, c.Lf. Liverpool y Londres; de 1970 en adelante, c 1 f Ronerdam para entrega de 30 a 60 dias; de 1973 en adelante. c.Lf. puertos del Mar del Norte.
2No. 2 yellow f.o.b. Gulf Ports • No 2 Jaune, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mex1que, Etats-Unrs • W 2 amanllo, f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mexico, Estados Unidos.
3Partly estimated • Estimes part1ellement • Est1mados parcialmente
4Excludes September and October • Non compris septembre et octobre • No 1ncluye los meses de sept1embre y octubre
54
Current ARGENTINE
-- UNITED STATES
500 USWETRIC TON
400
300
200
TOO
90
80
70
60
50
40 1950 1955 1960
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant
1965 1970
ARGENTINE
UNITED STATES
1975 1980 1985
WHEAT (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee A flo --1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
66.9 72.4 72.0 68.0 62.8
61.7 62.8 632 61.4 58.1
59.2 595 59.9 592 63.6
58.1 62.1 61.7 58.4 56.2
57.0 62.1 69.1
136.8 178.0
138.4 122.7
95.5 124.9 156.3
168.3 154.6 132.6 137.3 140.2
127.6
BLE ($EU!tonne metrique)
Umted States 1
Etats-Unts 1
Estados Unidos 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ consiantes
296.0 277 4 263 7 255 6 241.5
232.8 229.2 225.7 215.4 206.8
206.3 203.8 201 7 202.7 213 4
193.7 199.7 196 5 187.2 171.3
1633 168 8 172 8 294 8 315.0
220.4 192.6 136 4 155 2 171 4
168.3 153.8 135.9 142 4 148 1
TRIGO (US$/tonelada metrica)
Canadtan2
Canad1en2
Canadtense2
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constar"ts $ cornentes 1980 $ constantH'i
69.8 308.9 500 80.5 308 4
84.5 309.5
76.8 288.7
66.5 255.8 400
64.8 244.5
64.6 235.8
62.9 224 6
61.7 216.5
64.0 227 8 300
62.9 219.2
639 218.8
67.0 225 6
669 229.1
70.2 235 6
65.9 219 7
70.4 226.4 200 69.3 220 7
66.6 213.5
64.2 195.7
62.8 179.9
639 173 6
71.3 178 3
147.2 317 2
208.7 369 4
181.3 28R.7
149.1 234.1
115.8 165.4
134.8 167 5
172.4 189 0 100
190.8 190.8 90
196.4 195 4
166.5 170 6 80 169.5 175.8
165.4 174 7
71 169.3
t US No 1 Soft Red Wmter. I o.b AtlantiC ports: pnor to June~ 1974. No.2 SAW • Prem1ere categone EU "Soft Red Winter", fob ports atlant1ques. avant JUin 1974. N~ 2 SAW I 60 • ··soft Red Winter", clase US No 1. fob puertos del Atlant1co: antes de JUniO de 1974. SAW" 2a. clase
2No. 1 Western Red Sprmg, bas1s m store. Thunder Bay. Following mtroductton of new gradmg system m August 1972. th1s grade subStitutes ·'Mamtoba' (Canadian No.1, Northern) From April 1985. export pnce, St. Lawrence • Prem18re categone. Western Red Spnng" entrep6t Thunder Bay A Ia su1te de l'mtroducron d'un nouveau systeme de callbrage en aoOt 1972. cette quallt8 rem place le ·Manitoba· (Canadian N- 1. Northern). A part!f d'avril 1985, pnx a I exportatiOn. St. Lawrence • "Western Red Spnng·· pnmera clase, base en almacen, Thunder Bay Despues de Ia 1mplantacmn de un nuevo s1stema de clas1ficac16n en agosto de 1972, esta categoria ha sust1tU1do a Ia Manitoba (Canadian No 1, 1 50 Northern). Desde abril 1985, prec1o de exportac16n. St Lawrence
(YEARLY 4VIRAGE)
Current -CANADIAN
-us
US$/METRIC TON
--"\.
\ ~
.
/\
h\ ~ ~
~
/) v -
! I
Constant
~ \
I' r-" '-
CANADIAN
us
A
\ l
!'v' 'VI \ y
~I '
~
!
~
40 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1965
SUGAR (US cents/kg)
Year Annee A no
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
10.98 12.57
9.19 7.52 7.19
7.14 7.65
11.38 7.72 6.55
6.92 5.95 6.13
18.39 12.72
4.45 3.99 4.23 4.19 7.06
8.11 9.92
16.03 20.83 65.39
44.91 25.49 17.90 17.20 21.30
63.20 37.40 18.56 18.67 11.47
8.36
SUCRE (Cents EU/kg)
World, raw1
Mondial, brut1
Mundial, sin refinar 1
1 980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
198U $ constantes
48.58 48.16 33.66 28.27 27.65
26 94 27 92 40 64 27 09 23 31
24 11 20 38 20.64 62 98 42 68
14 83 12 83 13 47 13 43 21 52
23.24 26.96 40 08 44.89
115 73
71.50 40 02 25 57 21.37 23 36
63 20 37 21 19 02 19 37 12 11
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
9.90 12.99
8.64 7.52
7.85 7.08 7.17
19.69 14.15
5.93 4.89 5.27 518 7.98
952 11.09 17.90 24.01 70.35
48.17 27.56 20.30 19.60 24.17
67.76 41.60 21.11 21.09 14.23
10.90
AZUCAR (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
London, raw2 Londres, brut2
Londres. sin refinar2
1980 Cor~stant S 1980 $ constants
, 980 6 constantes
36 13 46.39 30 32 26 76
27 35 24 25 24 14 67 43 47 48
19 77
15 72 16.78 16 60
24 33
27.28 30 14 44 75 51.75
124 51
76 70 43.27 29.00 24 35 26 50
67 76 41 39 21 63 21.88 15 03
1From 1950 to 1960 quotations refer to New York World Contract No.4. f.a.s. Cuba; begtnnmg 1961. lnternattonal Sugar Council "World" daily pnce. I.a. b. and stowed Canbbean ports • De 1950 a 1960, les cours correspondent au cours Contra! mondtal W 4 de New York, f.a.s. Cuba: a parttr de 1961, cours quot1dien "mond1al" du Conse11 mternational du sucre, f.o.b. et arnmage ports ant1lla1s • Para el periodo de 1950 a 1960, las cotlzac1ones corresponden a prec1os det contrato mund1al No.4 de Nueva York, f.a s Cuba, a partir de 1961. precio "mundial··, ConseJo lnternacional del Azucar, cot1zac1ones d1anas. t.o.b. y est1bado puertos del Canbe
2tnternational Sugar Organization, London da1ly pnce, 1n bulk, c.1.f. UK • Orgamsation mternationale du sucre, cours quot1d1en Londres. en vrac. c a f Royaume-Um • Orgamzac16n lnternac1onal del AzUcar, prec10 d1ano de Londres, a granel. c.i.l. Reina Unido
Current WORLD, RAW LONDON, RAW
200 US CENTS/KG
100
90
80
70 c------
80
50 i\" 40
\ A 30 \....... ~\
\.J 20
~ 10
9 \ 8
_\_ J [\
7 "-I \v \. y
\ 6
s .
4
~ 1950 1955 1960
{YEARLY AVERAGE)
'·
Constant -WORLD, RAW ~'·-"-· LONDON, RAW
/
1 \
( / ~
I '(J
.A 'I
/If v
1\r ~
1965 1970 1975
.·
F,. !::l\
p
I ~;
1980 11185
BEEF (US cents/kg)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
69.4 75.0 67.0 66.5 66.2
63.2 57.2 61.5 65.3 72.2
73.7 68.2 71.4 66.7 84.1
88.2 102.2 104.1 108.5 122.3
130.4 134.6 148.0 201.1 158.2
132.7 158.1 150.6 213.8 288.4
276.0 247.5 239.0 244.0 227.3
214.8
BOEUF (Cents EU!kg)
Un1ted States 1
Etats-Unis 1
Estados Un1dos 1
~g1<11 CcrY>1an! S 1981) S CS''STJ.n(,
'·180 - U!•'>ti!!1''"'<..
'1()7 1
287 4
24S 4 250 0 ?54 F
238" 208 8 21g 6
229 1
2:.6 9
256.8
24C: 4
228 4
282 2
294 D
328 t 331 s 247 8 372 3
;;n 6
365 E 370 0 433 4
280.G
248 2
215 1
265 6 316 2
276 0
246 3
244 9
253 1
240 c
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
46.2
46.1 40.1 43.0 42.8 44.1
42.6 41.6 33.3 35.7 57.0
72.8 66.2 57.9 51.0 46.5
56.3 80.4
103.8 142.1 148.2
78.5 82.1 95.0 95.7
177.9
219.2 188.1 149.4 144.6 153.03
70.74
CARNE DE VACUNO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
Argen11ne2
Argentln2
Argentma2
177
; 74 :J 1 ,~F: 4
1 '/l (; 1 ~)n 2
'4CJ j .,,;,, i 1 '~
122 J ~ ,~, 1 .,
;·4~.7
21? 9
~ b-l ~
"•6J :)
14- n
1G1 .1
218: 2S9 ~)
.J!Jb j
?.6.2 3
1 ::~} G
12H 9 -, 38 11fl ')
~ 8::J 1
2 ~ ~ ~-
'fL-:?
1 ~: '3 i:}o 1_,
11mported. frozen. boneless. 90% vtstble lean. f.o b port of entry; as of December 1975. 85% chemtcal lean • Viandes tmponees. congelees. desossees. matgre vtstble a 90"'1o, f.o.b port d'entree, a parttr de decembre 1975. matgre chtmtque a 85% • Carne tmportada. congelada, deshuesada, magro vtsible 90%. I o b puerto de entrada, a parttr de
dtctembre de 1975, magro quimtCO 85°1o
Current -ARGENTINE
--us
500 US CENTSIKG
300
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant
----·-
ARGENTINE
us
•
I~ r r h ~
... 1 \ w ~ ~~ v
200
I~
IV lrL / -- --
: I r ( I 1 -~ --
!"" A I ' ~~
v
v I \ ll t----- - 1 \j
t--· ---
- \[
100
90
80
70
80
50
~ r---- rv-f.-- -- - 1---- ·-40
2F o b untl value of frozen boneless manufactunng beef exports to EEC • Valeur unltatre f o b des exportations de preparatlars de boeuf congelees. desossees en dtreclton de Ia 30 GEE • Valor untlario fob de exportaciones de carne deshuesada. congelada, a Ia GEE
3Nine months' average • Moyenne de neuf mots • Promedto de nueve meses
4May·June average • Moyenne mai-JUm • Promed1o de mayo-JUniO.
20 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
1--
LAMB (US cents/kg)
Year Annee Ana
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
AGNEAU (Cents EU/kg)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
38.1 42.6 56.0 61.6 65.0
65.2 64.7 68.9 63.0 54.0
64.7 52.9 60.2 61.6 69.4
71.7 66.9 64.7 63.6 69.8
70.8 72.5 98.2
138.4 131.0
142.5 154.1 165.1 217.4 237.1
288.6 273.9 237.7 193.1 192.1
183.1
New Zealand1
Nouvelle-Zelande 1
Nueva Zeland1a 1
CARNE DE OVINO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
1980 $ constantes
168.6 163.2 205.1 231.6 250.0
·.·
246.0 300 236.1 246.1 221.1 192.2
225.4 181.2
.
202.7 200 211.0 232.9
239.0 215.1 206.1 203.9 212 8
202.9 197.0 245.5 298.3 231.9
226.9 241.9 235.9 270.1 260 0
288.6 272.5 243.6 200.3 202.9
00
9()
80
70
60
&0. 1 Frozen whole carcasses, Smithfield Market. London • Carcasses entieres congelees, marche de Sm1thf1eld, Londres • Conge! ada en canal. mercado de Smithfield, Londres. ·~ ...
" 41).
.
58
(YEARLY AvERAGE)
Current Constant
- NEW ZEALAND -- NEW ZEALAND
lc
1 ~ :_
( v\ ~I ~ ~
v v "" l...
) rJ
)
r -'\ j v ·.
( v v J
j':·
:·
i··
1955 1970 19(5,
BANANAS (US cents/kg)
BANANES (Cents EU/kg)
BANANOS (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
Year An nee A flo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.·Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
13.9 14.0 14.0 14.7 13.3
14.2 13.6 13.8 13.1 12.9
14.4 14.0 13.6 14.5 17.2
21.8 21.5 30.9 30.3 34.6
41.2 42.3 40.6 44.9 41.8
42.2
Ecuadorian 1
Equatorien 1
Ecuatorianos 1
1 cJfi•J ' "il',J,lnt ~
1 Of\( I <;; ! il'''-1clql~
:~·<<· s' ,,rosnntr",
.ttl -i
.)8 I)
.:1 ~ 1
:,o _; 4-1 6
1/3 ·L~
44 c 4::' r:
3') :J
~ 1 ·' JB 0 34 (1
·.~ 1
]C. 1
J.!
31 B
44 1
37 h
3-:-' 9
41 " .~;? I
-+1 ,, 46 6 44.
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
16.1 16.1 16.3 16.3 16.8
16.5 16.8 17.6 16.3 14.6
14.3 13.9 13.2 16.8 17.0
15.9 15.4 15.9 15.3 15.9
16.6 14.0 16.2 16.5 18.4
24.7 25.7 27.5 28.7 32.6
37.9 40.1 37.4 42.9 37.0
39.8
Any Ongm2
Toute origine2
De cualqwer ongen2
108(] s
6:? 3 61 .1
62 9
103
'35 >3
J2 f)
35 8
F9 39 9
38 3 ,14 0
39 1
1c if. Hamburg: begmntng 1977, Central Amencan • C a f Hambourg: a parttr de 1977. bananes d Am€nque centrale • C tl Hamburg: a parttr de 1977, bananas de Centroamer-
2From 1950 to November 1961, Central Amencan tmporter to JObber fob port of entry. 100 lb. sertes. From December 1961. ftrst class green stems from Central Amenca and Ecuador, tmporter to JObber or processor, f.o.b. port of entry, 100 lb. senes up to 1962; from 1963.40 lb. boxes • De 1950 a novembre 1961. bananes d'Amenque centrale, importateur a intermfld1aire, fob port d"entrfle. sflnes de 100 lives A partir de dflcembre 1961. rE!g1mes verts de prem1ere categone provenant d'Amenque centrale et de I"Equateur. 1mportateur a 1ntermed1a1re ou cond111Dnnement f.o.b port d'entree: senes de 100 11vres JUSqu en 1962: boftes de 40 livres a partir de 1963 • De 1950 a nov1embre de 1961 centroamencano, importador a diStribuidOr, f.o.b. puerto de entrada en part1das de 100 lbs A part1r de dic1embre de 1961. rac1mos verdes de pnmera clase procedentes de Centroamenca y Ecuador 1mportador a d1stnbwdor o elaborador fob puerto de entrada. hasta 1962 en part1das de 100 lbs. a partir de 1963 ca)aS de 40 lbs
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current -ANY ORIGIN
-- ECUADORIAN
Constant -- ANY ORIGIN
ECUADORIAN I oopus_.ce-NT._~~G----~----~~----~----~----~-----.
701-----~------~----~-----4------+-----~-----t
: \ 1\J
~\ 40 1-----t--+----+-----H--vA--·v~\~f'4F--I---I\
~~--~----+----+----+----+-+~~+----+ J
I
~.------r----~------,_----~------+------r----~
--
10 .. ----~----~----~----~--~----~----~ 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
59
BLACK PEPPER (US cents/kg)
Year Annee A rio
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
POIVRE NOIR (Cents EU/kg)
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
358.0 373.2 338.9 281.8 161.4
98.8 69.4 59.7 57.3 66.8
128.3 100.5 80.7 74.1 85.5
105.6 95.5 84.7 83.3
102.3
126.3 110.5 101.9 127.9 187.2
200.6 196.4 251.5 234.6 211.9
199.4 158.4 155.2 168.9 227.8
368.4
Any orig•n 1
Toute origine1
De cualquier origen 1
1 Bagged, carlots, spot, New York • En sacs. voitures pleines, comptant, New York • En sacos. por vag6n, prec1o al contado, Nueva York.
60
PIMIENTA NEGRA (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
'Y80 Consta"1 :.~
• ~JBO $ con~!an'<-, '~ld(J S constar•tHc
1.584 1
1.429 9
1.241 4
1 059 4
620 8
372 8
253.3 213 2
201 ! 237 7
447 0
344: 27~ 7
253 l' 286 9
352.0 307-
269 8
267 0
311 9
361 9
300 3 254 0
275 7
331 3
319 4
308 J 3!09 3
29' 4 232 I
199 4
157 6 159 [l
175 2 240 b
2000
1000
900
800
700
800
500
400
300
200
100
90
80
70
60
Current
-ANYORIGIN
US CENTS/KG
~
r\ \
' ~
1\ \ \I .....,
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant
-- ANY ORIGIN
1\
1\ I i\ I ~ r lA v v v A I v
\ I \ I \ I \ I \../ v
50 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1965
COPRA AND COCONUT OIL (US$/metric ton)
Copra (Phihpptnes) 1 Copra (Philippines{ 1
Copra {Ftliptnas)
Year Current$ An nee $ courants Aiio $ corrientes
1950 2533 1951 291.6 1952 189.6 1953 234.8 1954 207.0
1955 186.6 1956 181.9 1957 179.1 1958 205.6 1959 248.6
1960 207.0 1961 169.5 1962 1662 1963 185.7 1964 194.3
1965 226.5 1966 184.9 1967 204.2 1968 232.2 1969 202.0
1970 224.9 1971 188.6 1972 140.9 1973 353.1 1974 662.0
1975 256.3 1976 275.0 1977 402.3 1978 470.4 1979 672.7
1980 453.8 1981 378.9 1982 314.2
1983 496.0 1984 710.0
1985 Jan. -Oct. 413.4
''lkL u~·sta:·t ~
''jbc.-' r;:/ISIC!I'b
1?11 (<
1 j17::
o~·~ __,
R82 /'
/~6 ,_l
?().t ~)
663 ~~
f):J9 h
721 4
RR4 7
7r>1 'j
'J8G ~'
559 F 630 (• !35? ['•
7"1 ~, r:
:;94 J
650 '3 :-.t4:
') ·;
!;44 4
""'~ 2 ~ :3~2 3 7Gi r)
' 171 -,-
4(Ji' 1
Ll1
5 74
S84 4 ,'li" (:.
4",J 0
32~ 9
s! 4 0
'·!Ci
COPRA ET HUILE DE COCO ($EU/tonne metrique)
Coconut Oil (Phtlippines/lndonesta)2 Huil~ de coco (Philip~inesllndone~ie~2 Acette de coco (Fthptnasllndonesta)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
292.1 338.1 262.9 339.0 306.2
259.0 264.8 275.0 312.0 378.4
312.0 253.5 251.3 286.3 296.5
347.8 323.8 327.9 399.2 361.2
397.3 370.5 234.2 513.0 998.0
393.5 418.0 578.2 683.2 984.5
673.8 569.9 464.4 729.9
1,154.6
629.4
295 d
-)g--: ('
f, ,_,
11950-63 quotattons are StrattsiBorneo. fair merchantable. c if European ports; 1964 onwards. Philippines. c.t.f European ports • De 1950 a 1963, les cours se rapportent a lnsuhnde/Borneo, qualite loyale et marchande, c.a.f ports europeans: a parttr de 1964. aux Philippines, c a.f. ports europeans • Para el perfodo de 1950 a 1963, las cotizaciones son Straits/Borneo. cahdad ordmana y comerc1able. c.1.f. puertos europeos; a partir de 1964, Filipmas. c 1 I puertos europeos
2Phihppines/lndonesta, bulK, c.i.f. Rotterdam, prior to 1973, White, Sn LanKa, 1% ex-tank Rotterdam • Phllippines.-lndon9sie, en vrac, c.a.f Rotterdam, avant1973, Sri Lanka, blanche, 1%, depart reservOir Rotterdam • Flliplnastlndonesia, a granel. c 1.1. Rotterdam: antes de 1973, Sn Lanka, blanco, 1%, salida dep6s1to Rotterdam
-COPRA
COPRA Y ACEITE DE COCO (US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant
I Current
- COCONUT OIL
COPRA
COCONUT OIL
US$/METRIC TON 3000
2000
1000
7
1\ 1\ 00 v \ I ' I A
['-/ 1\! IV'v '-J
1\ \
900
800
600
500
f\ IJV ~ AI\ I -A v \ ~ v
A (\ I \ /v, ' ' ...J v v \
400
300
200
~-
100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
I I
I
~ ~
r~ \ ~/
1 ~
I ~ ~
1975 1960 1985
61
GROUNDNUT MEAL AND OIL (US$/metric ton)
FARINE ET HUILE D'ARACHIDE ($EU!tonne metrique)
Year An nee Aiio
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Groundnut Meal (any origm) 1
Farine d'arachide (toute origine) 1
Harina de mani (cualqwer origen) 1
Current$ 1980 Constant ::;, $ courants 1980 S corstJnts
$ corrientes 1980 S con'>l<mte::-
95.0 420 4 111.0 425 3 98.0 359.0
102.0 383.5 98.0 :J76 9
93.0 350 9
92.0 335 8 85.0 303 6
74.0 259 7
86.0 306.1
84.0 292 7
79.0 270 6
87.0 292 9
91.0 311 6
93.0 3 ~ 2 1
102.0 340 0 95.0 305.5 95.0 3026 90.0 288 5
96.0 2Y2 7
102.0 292 3 98.0 266 3
122.0 305 0 266.0 573 3
174.0 308 0
140.0 222 9
176.0 276 3 218.0 311 ,j
205.0 254 7
211.0 231 4
240.3 240 3 237.9 236 7
189.1R 193.8 200.03 207 5
178.0 188 0
143.34
Groundnut 011 (Nigerian)2 Huile d'arachide (nigeriane)2 Aceite de mani (nigenano)2
Current $ 1980 Constant $ $ courants
$ cornentes
417.5 476.2 363.8 385.8 370.7
288.0 389.3 359.6 275.9 299.6
326.3 330.7 274.5 268.4 315.3
323.8 296.2 283.2 270.7 331.6
378.6 440.7 425.9 546.2
1,076.8
857.0 741.0 852.3
1,079.2 888.7
858.8 1,043.0
584.9 710.9
1,016.7
912.1
1 ~80 S cons1anto, 1 JSO 1 cunstdntes
1,847.4 1.824 5 1.332 6 1.450 4 1.425 8
1.086.8 1.347 8 1.284 3
968.1 1.066 2
1.136 9 1.132.5
9242 919 2
1 oo8 1
1.019 3 902-i 901 9
867.6 1.011 0
1 084 8 1 197 6
1 064 8 1.177 2
1.905 8
1.364 7
1 163 3
1 217 6
1 340 6
974 5
858 8 1.037.8
599.3 737 5
I 073 6
1c.i.f. Hamburg, 50%; from 1978, 48% Indian, c.i.f. Rotterdam; from January 1985, 48150% Argentine • C.a.f. Hambourg, 50%; B. partir de 1978, 48% indtennes, c.a.f. Rotterdam; a partir de Janner 1985, 48150% argentin • C.1 f. Harnburgo, 50%; desde 1978, 48% de Ia lnd1a, c 1 f Rotterdam; desde enero 1985, 48150% argentino
2Nigenan;Gambian/any ongin 3-5°/o bulk, c.i.f. European ports • N•g6naneigambtennettoute origine 3-5% en vrac, c.a.f. ports europeans • Nigeriano, gamb1ano y de cualquier ongen, 3-5%, a granel, c.J.f. puertos europeos
3partly estimated • En partie estimatif • Estimado en parte
4Excludes September • Non compns septembre • No incluye el mes de septlembre.
2000
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
100
90
80
70
HARINA Y ACEITE DE MANI (US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant - GROUNDNUT MEAL GROUNDNUT MEAL
-- GROUNDNUT OIL GROUNDNUT OIL
l A .t
r\ 1\ 1/1 I I .... I
v I v 4 f4
'\ ~~ f-'\,.1 ~ I .&
v \X../ ~ ~ \V~ r\A \ I ~
lA I - ' ../ '-.J -i"oo.
\r / v 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960
62
LINSEED AND LINSEED OIL (US$/metric ton)
GRAINE DE LIN ET HUILE DE GRAINE DE LIN ($EU!tonne metrique)
LINAZA Y ACEITE DE LINAZA (US$/tonelada metrica)
Ltnseed1
Graine de Lm 1
Ltnaza 1
Canadian No 1 Canadtenne W 1 Canadiense No. 1
Year Current$ 1 Y80 C0nstant i-An nee $ courants 1 ~JbU S ,-\:nstanL
Aiio $ cornentes tQSC r c,n-,L~ntf-·::;
1950 165.1 CJQ 0
1951 2053 786 c 1952 184.9 G77 J
1953 142.5 ~:55 7
1954 137.8 ~J3U U
1955 155.4 586 4
1956 174.7 637 6
1957 141.9 506 8 1958 145.2 509 :)
1959 153.8
1960 145.2 505 9 1961 149.6 512 3
1962 148.0 498 3
1963 135.6 464 4
1964 135.9 -~~fi I:.
1965 132.8 11".,.
1966 1279 111 3
1967 137.8 ~)8 ~l
1968 142.9 4co u 1969 1339 408 2
1970 126.4 '){;:: ~,
1971 107.3 29 ~ b
1972 145.0 3G2 ~
1973 319.9 oi:l::-1 J
1974 521.7 ~;},) ·l
1975 338.0 ~38 2
1976 3050 178
1977 271.9 JiJb 1
1978 249.6 '110 1
1979 333.8 366 0
1980 350.9 3~0 q
1981 354.3 1982 298.0 30:1 3
1983 2773 . "8-
1984 2980 J: ~~
1985 Jan. -Oct. 2800
1 Bulle 2112%. c.t f European ports • En vrac. 2.5°/o c.a I ports europeens • A granel, 2112%. c 1 I puertos europeos
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
323.0 423.8 381.9 237.0 180.2
246.6 328.8 270.6 266.2 245.5
257.7 280.5 253.8 212.7 237.0
213.6 191.5 204.2 234.8 237.4
226.5 194.1 206.4 562.4
1,129.2
701.0 546.0 461.9 434.2 639.0
697.1 660.0 519.1 484.6 572.0
648.3
Ltnseed Oil2
Hulle de gratne de Ltn2 Aceite de linaza 2
Argenttne,Any ongtn Argentine ou autre origme
Argentino y de cualquier origen
.. 62:! 8
1 398 9
891 0
o93 •
930 i)
1 200 0
966 .j
934 (1
H919
%06 8:04 c 72H :1
79~ .)
712 J
C<JG.J
/S~ b
723 8
[>49 (i
1 212 :
; (j98 G
: 116?
857 '
659 9 ')39 4 !0{) 7
656 .,
2From 1950 to 1951. quotations are for Argentine. naked. delivered London, from 1952 to May 1957, Argent1ne and Uruguayan bulk, from June 1957 to 1970. Argentine: from 1971, Argent1ne any ong1n, ex-tank Rotterdam • De 1950 a 1951. les cours sont ceux de l'hu1le argentine non raff1nee. rendue Londres: de 1952 a ma1 1957. argentine et uruguayenne en vrac: de JUin 1957 a 1970. argentine: a part1r de 1971. argent1ne ou autre ongme. depart reservo1r Rotterdam • Para el penodo de 1950 a 1951 las cot1zac1ones corresponden a acMe argent1no no ref1nado. entregado en Londres. para el de 1952 a mayo de 1957. a acMe argentino y uruguayo a granel. para el de JUmo de 1957 a 1970. argentino solamente, y a part1r de 1971. argent1no y de cualqwer ongen. sahda dep6srto Rotterdam
3000
2000
1000
900
800
700
600
500
Current LINSEED LINSEED OIL
US$/METRIC TON
1\ lA
\..) LA -"-
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
""
Constant --LINSEED
LINSEED OIL
~
~\ V\ \\J
1\ I \J
"
I ' \
~ \~ A 1\/ r\, 300
- 1/~ ~
'
.. \I r~
'\: v y
~ \._ ./\ v -
200
100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
\J w
-
1975 1960 1985
63
PALM KERNELS AND PALM OIL (US$/metric ton)
Palm Kernels (N1genan) 1
Palmistes (mgerians) 1
Pepitas de palma (nigerianas) 1
Year Current$ 1 qso c.,n~;t-l•t s An nee $ courants '•J80 S lur:',tdr11S
Aria $ corrientes , ;JHU S nms!8''1t->-,
1950 188.5 834.1
1951 220.2 843.7
1952 151.0 553 1
1953 176.4 663.2
1954 146.3 562 7
1955 142.5 5377
1956 145.5 531 0
1957 141.1 503.9
1958 154.3 541 4
1959 193.5 688 6
1960 144.4 503 1
1961 136.7 468 2
1962 136.4 459 3
1963 152.9 523 6
1964 150.7 505 c
1965 179.1 ~97.0
1966 155.4 499 7
1967 162.3 'o16 9
1968 176.4 565 4
1969 152.6 465 2
1970 167.6 480 2
1971 145.1 394 3
1972 116.1 290.3
1973 258.6 557.3
1974 464.8 822 7
1975 206.8 329 3
1976 230.0 361 1
1977 326.3 466 1
1978 363.8 ·151 9
1979 500.0 548 3
1980 345.1R 345 i
1981 317.3 315 7
1982 265.0 271.5
1983 365.3 378 9
1984 528.0 S57 6
1985 Jan.-Oct. 325.73
1C.i.f. European ports • C.a.f. ports europeans • C.i.f. puertos europeos.
PALMISTES ET HUILE DE PALME ($EU!tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ comentes
277.0 297.6 293.8 226.5 224.6
240.3 245.8 259.0 232.0 248.0
228.2 232.0 216.3 222.4 239.5
272.5 235.6 223.6 168.9 181.2
260.1 261.1 217.3 377.5 669.0
434.2 406.5 530.0 600.2 653.8
583.5 570.7 445.1 501.4 729.0
525.5
Palm Oil (Malaysian)2
Huile .de palme (malaisienn~2 Ace•te de palma (malas•o)
1.225.7 1 140 2 1.076 2
851 5 863 9
906 8 897 1 925 0 814 0 882 b
795 . 7 94 t'
""'28 3 761 6 BO.i-
908 3 751 6 ~1 ~ •
~4 1 ,j
55L .1
745.?
709 5 543 3
813£ i 184.
691 4 638 2 757 .
745 6 716 9
583 'i 567 9 456 '
520 1 769 8
2c.i.f. European ports, 5%. Price quotations prior to 1955 refer to techmcal otl: from 1955 they refer to edible oil • C.a.f. ports europeans, 5%. Les cours ant8rieurs a 1955 s'appliquent a l'huile industrielle, eta partir de 1955 a l'huile comestible • C.i f. puertos europeos. 5%. Las cotizaciones de precios anteriores a 1955 se refieren a aceite industrial: 1955 en adelante se refieren a aceite comestible.
3Excludes September • Non compris septembre • No incluye el mes de septtembre.
64
1000
900
h 800
700
800
500
400
PEPITAS DE PALMA Y ACEITE DE PALMA (US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant PALM KERNELS PALM KERNELS
PALM OIL PALM OIL
I
A A I
1\ v \ ~\ J ll\ I) f\ ~
N \,... 'rJ v 1\ 1\
\ IJ! 1\
[L ~ hJ ~ ~ ~
~
300
200
100 1950
11\. IJ l) ~ ~ 1955 1960 1985 1970 1975 1960 1985
SOYBEANS AND PRODUCTS (US$/metric ton)
GRAINES DE SOJA ET PRODUITS DERIVES ($EU/tonne metrique)
SOYA Y PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS (US$/tonelada metrica)
Soybeans (US) 1 Soybean 011 (US, Any Ong.n)2 Soybean Meal (US)3 (YEARLY AVERAGE) Grames de SOJa (EU) 1 Hwle de SOJa (EU Toute ongine)2 Farme de soJa (EU)3
Soya (EE.UU.)1 Ace1te de soya {EE.UU CualqUier ongen)2 Harina de soya (EE.UU )3 Current Constant
Year Current$ 'lf!l\ -· 111•':. Current$ ' Current$ '9bf Ll'r''' clr'. S - SOYBEAN OIL --SOYBEAN OIL An nee $ courants $ courants
'"''' ,· .. , '""' $ courants •JW':C:• - SOYBEAN MEAL SOYBEAN MEAL
Aflo $ corrientes ·"·"'' $ cornentes $ corrientes 1 Ui' > ",';c'ic·
1950 114 ."J(Ll 314 ! 95 .\20 2000 US$/METRIC TON
1951 145 375 1 'Ur_, 125 4-;-9
1952 112 1'·'' 380 'lU l 100
1953 119 ~·1' 410 'J4, 108 4()tJ
1954 122 ·lh'-l 333 :;7~ 89 3·12
h 1955 111 J i ':J 294 ~. 1 • 77 :2s:t1
~ 1956 116 "-'~) 339 ; o:.'3f 76 0
V\ 1957 106 3-;'() 306 1 09J 78 ~~ '1 1958 95 :133 254 891 74 2h0
1959 94 3~S 235 tl36 73 ;?()() 1000
\ A I 900 1960 92 J;Ji 225 -84 81 282 '\. 1/\ r\ ~I '\ 1961 111 38(1 287 98-l 97 1'i~' 800 1962 100 J?:· 228 ;61j 89 300 31 \ I \J ~v' I 1963 110 _i,; 224 ..
oc 91 31:' 700
1964 110 36J 205 ')8~1 89 r!99 \I ' A I 600 1965 117 39\ 270 B9cl 97 323 y ,,( \ J 1966 126 . l()_', 262 s.11 . 107 344
1967 112 217 (l:-10 99 31 ') 500 v v 1968 106 .l-1\' 178 98 314
1969 103 ,) 1·1 228 1-19~ 95 ?90
400 ...
1970 117 Tj·· 307 S~h; 104 298 r'\ 1971 126 34: 323 s:e 105 285
1972 140 3"( 270 b7: 129 323 1\ 1\ 1973 290 465 I ()\)/ 302 300 1974 277 ,iq(; 795 , :l()-, 184 '3?fj
\ A.J \I v
1975 220 35U 619 9dn 155 2F rl ~ 1976 231 438 6el' 198 r.<1<
1977 280 .H)( I 576 82:~ 230 3?q
1978 268 607 -;-r,,t 213 2b~ 200 1979 298 662 -
t:'t' 243 2o' v \ I 1980 296 2~lb 597R ""' 262 262
1981 288 .'f!; 507 ~')0~ 253 251 - ~
~
1982 245 447 ~::,t.; 219 224
1983 282 ,'u. ~ 527 '•4 238 ;):Ci
1984 282 -~~,r- 724 ':_i,f 197 ;)oR
~ I) 1985 Jan. ·Oct. 227 594 153 A 100 1 US No. 2, bulk, c 1.1 Rotterdam • EU N 2. en vrac. c.a f. Rotterdam • EE UU No 2. a granel. c.1 f. Rotterdam \ A / """"' 2us, crude. bulk, c 11 Rotterdam, 1950-1975: 1976 onward. crude Dutch. f.o.b. ex-m1ll • EU brute. vrac. c a I Rotterdam.
90 1950 1975. a part1r de 1976. brute. hollandaise. I o b . \ I
sortie moulln • EE UU crudo a granel. c 1.1 Rotterdam. 1950-1975. de 1976 en adelante. crudo Holanda. I o.b en malmo 80
344% c 1 f Rotterdam • 44% c.a.f Rotterdam • 44% c 1 f Rotterdam --v 70
60 i 1---
j c--
50 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965
65
FISH MEAL (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Ana
1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
FARINE DE POISSON ($EU/tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants $ comentes
174
116 131 148 145 161
190 160 134 129 172
197 167 239 542 372
245 376 454 410 395
504R 468 353 453 373
275
Peruvian 1
Peruvienne 1
Peruana 1
1980 Constant S 1980 S constants 1880 .'3 corbtanles
619
404 449 498 497 540
633 515 427 413
524
565 454 598
1.168
658
390 590
649
509 433
504 466 362 470 394
1 For 1959-64, Peruvian 65-70%, c.i.f. Hamburg; from 1965 to August 1972 Peruvran 65%, c.i.f. Hamburg; from September 1972. other origins c &f. Hamburg • De 1959 a 1964, peruvrenne, 65-70%, c.a.f. Hambourg; a partir de 1965 jusqu'en aoUt 1972, peruvienne, 65%, c. a. f. Hambourg; a partlf de septembre 1972, autres ongmes. c.&t Hambourg • Para el periodo de 1959-64, peruana 65-70%, c.i.f Hamburgo; desde 1965 hasta agosto de 1972, peruana 65%, c.i.f. Hamburgo: a part1r de septiembre de 1972, de otros origenes, c. y f. Hamburgo
66
HARINA DE PESCADO (US$/tonelada metrica)
2000
1000
900
800
700
I Current --PERUVIAN
US$/METRIC TON
I
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant -- PERUVIAN I
J\ j_ 1\ ( I '\
800
500
400
300
-
100 1950
I
\
1955 1960
v IV f\Y \h I ~ \
~ N
1965 1970 1975 1980 f985
V. PRICES
V. Prix V. Precios
NON FOODS PRODUITS NON ALIMENTAIRES PRODUCTOS NO ALIMENTARIOS
67
COTTON (US cents/kg)
Year
Umted States 1
Etats-Ums 1
Estados Unidos 1
Current $ · 3SC An nee $ courants · ·m·.: S Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
$ corrientes
92.2 101.4 95.5 80.0 82.9
82.2 64.4 63.5 67.5 58.2
59.7 63.5 63.1 60.4 59.5
59.1 56.4 56.9 62.2 56.2
60.4 71.9 75.8
124.3 130.1
115.5 162.0 145.0 138.9 149.5
187.2 174.5 144.9 159.3 165.6
1985 Jan.-Oct. 141.1
408 0
388 5 349 8
300 3 3H3 ~~
.) i c 2
23.~ 0
226 f\ 235 s 2CI 1
2'J8 Q
:..:' 1 2 5 206 ~
'0'.' -
: ·]":' 0 1,~'
'8: ?
~ ~ =~ ..: < -,
;;-::.
. 95 .-:
:89 :: 2.1)7 ~
16:::; ::-'
c.!S..:! -~
2\·~,- ;
; c3 ·~
j ~ .~ 2
17:; t,
'4t\ -)
'~~ j
1 7._j. Q
COTON (Cents EU/kg)
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
247.8 187.8 116.0 129.0
128.5 1616 137.6
93.7 79.8
108.0 99.4 92.4 92.2
108.0
112.9 110.2 117.5 129.4 139.3
138.0 136.0 143.5 223.8 338.6
285.3 300.9 333.4 295.6E 338.3
337.9 335.1 275.4 307.24
360.8
347.0
Egyptian2
Egyptien2 EgtpC102
· -JPC· S . ,~.~3:ant:o :, ~·11 'o ~,;.r•£ ,
949 4
687 3
·136.1
496:2
-!84 s 589 8
43' 4
'28 8 :?84 ~~
?-6-::
3·-k• 4
3: ~ .
3 1 s 8 JIJ2 ~
376 j
JS4 ~
37 -t 2 ; ' . ~
124
395 4
369 c 358 8
.182 2
')l_i9 3
..l:).l.J
4/?-+
1 ~ti :3
;s:- 2 370 Cj
327 0
333 ~
282 2 .i' a --: :381 r;
ALGODON (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
99.3 137.6 93.8 81.8 84.5
80.2 72.6 72.4 69.2 62.6
65.0 67.1 65.7 64.0 64.2
62.6 60.6 65.0 67.2 60.8
63.2 74.1 79.3
135.5 141.5
116.1 169.1 155.4 157.2 168.9
204.7 184.5 159.7 185.4 178.5
137.0
"A" lndex3
lndice "A"3
Indices "A"3
·139 4
S27 2 :343 6
307 5 32:; fJ
302 0
265 0 258 6 242 8
222 ~
226 3
229 2
.?2' 2 :.: ~ 9 2 . '2 4
208 ;·
'94 g _:1)7 c 2' 5 ~ . 85 -+
1 a i ~
20< 4
i9b 3
292 0
25C· 4
1:34 9
2'55 ')
222 0 1 95:3 1 85::?
204: 13J s "'63 i)
1 92 3 1 88 s
1c.i.f. Liverpool. For 1950-56 middling 15116 1nch; thereafter middling 32 (1 1nch) C.J f N. Europe • C.a.f. Liverpool. Pour 1950-56, les cours se rapportent aux "middling" de 15116 pouce; par Ia suite "middling" 32 (1 pouce), c.a.f Nord de I'Europe • C.1.f. Ltverpool. Para 195D-56, las cotizaciones corresponden a algod6n "middling" de 15116 de pulgada; posteriormente, a algod6n "middling" 32 (1"), c.Lf. Norte de Europa.
2Egyptian, c.i.f. Liverpool. For 1951-62, Karnak Fully Good: beginmng 1963, Menouf1 Fully Good • Egyptlen, c.a.f. Liverpool. Pour 1951-62. les cours se rapportent au Karnak Fully Good: a partir de 1963 au Menoufi Fully Good • Eg1pC10, c.i.f Liverpool Para el periodo de 1951-62, las cotizac1ones corresponden a ''Karnak Fully Good", a partir de 1963, a '"Menoufl Fully Good"
3'"Cotton Outlook'" index, Middling 13.1,32 inch, c.i.l. North Europe • lndice ··cotton Outlook", M1ddhng 13.1,32 pouce, c.a.f. Nord de I'Europe • lndtce de '"Cotton Outlook", Middling 13.1,32 de pulgada, c.i.f. Norte de Europa.
4Excludes October and November • Octobre et novembre non compris • No incluye los meses de octubre y nov1embre.
68
1000
900
800
700
800
500
400
300
200
100
90
90
70
60
Current -EGYPTIAN
-- "A"INDEX
US CENTS/KG
\
\
'A \{ \
\I v
\
A v-~ \ I
~ v ~
\-
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
~
i\ L v
~
Constant EGYPTIAN "A" INDEX
A \ v N ;:; ~ , .
J / ~(\
I A~
1\/ v
IV
50 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
BURLAP (US cents/meter)
Year An nee A no
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. ·Oc1
TOILE DE JUTE (Cents EU/metre)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
24.1 32.7 17.3 13.6 13.1
12.4 11.4 12.0 11.5 11.2
13.2 15.3 15.4 13.6 13.1
16.1 17.1 15.5 15.1 16.5
17.0 19.8 22.5 21.2 29.2
222 19.1 21.9 21.5 29.6R
39.8R 27.4R 26.5R 28.5R 36.6
35.9
Umted States 1
Etats-Un1s 1
Estados Un1dos 1
Ito oz .. 40 inch, spot, New York • 10 onces. 40 pouces comptant New York • 10 onzas. 40 pulgadas. al contado. Nueva York
TELA DE YUTE (Centavos EE.UU./metro)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant '980 Consta'lt S 1880 S t::On'iti1n·,;, -US 10 OZ., 40" -- US 10 OZ., 40"
· 9RO $ con~tar:tc-<;
10tl6 125 3
63 4 51 1
50 4
46 8 41 6
42.9 40 4
39.9
45.u 52 4 :01 9
46.6 44.0
:,3 7
55.0 49 4
48.4 50 3
481'
53 8 56 3 45 7
51 7
35.4
30 0 31 3
26 7
32"
39 8 27 3 27 2
29 E 38 6
US CENTS/METER 20()
~ 100
90
80
70
l " ~ I/\ A
'\I _,.
V' 'vv
60
50
40
~ IJ ~ ~ ~
3()
t1 ,,J v v 20
\ IN v w
1 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975
I • v
1---
1980
JUTE (US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Ai\o
1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
327.7 383.3 244.3 218.0 262.9
294.3 345.0 328.7 317.7 350.5
332.8 345.8 358.8 354.1 415.8
462.2 372.5 410.2 508.7 512.1
490.2 495.1 468.2 426.03
630.8
761.7
JUTE ($EU/tonne metrique)
Bangladesh (White C) 1
Bangladesh (White C) 1
Bangladesh (Blanco C) 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $constants 1980 $ constantes
1141 8 1.3127
822.6 746.6 882.2
981.0 1 109.3 1.0468 1.0183 1.068 6
953.6 939.7 897.0 763.2 735.9
736 0 584 8 586 0 631 9 561 5
490.2 492.6 479 7 441.9 666 1
YUTE (US$/tonelada metrica)
Bangladesh (White 0)2
Bangladesh (White D)2
Bangladesh (Blanco 0)2
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes
181.0 696.2
171.2 646.0 219.2 8000
187.4 669.3 154.7 542.8 200.5 713.5
333.1 1,160.6 224.9 770.2 184.6 621.6
179.0 613 0 223.0 748.3
254.0 846.7 306.0 983.9 290.0 923.6
271.0 868.6 286.0 872.0
274.0 785.1
286.0 777.2
299.0 747.5 289.0 622.8 353.0 624.8
371.0 590.8 295.6 464.1
320.9 458.4 398.4 540.0
387.4 424.8
310.0R 310.0 276.0R 2746
285.8R 292.8 302.2 313.5 533.0 562.8
637.5
1 Up to 1967, Export Hearts; c.Lf. Dundee • Jusqu'en 1967, ··Export Hearts"; c.a.f. Dundee • Hasta 1967, "Export Hearts': c.i.f. Dundee.
2F.o.b. Chittagong/Chalna • F.o.b. Chlttagong/Chalna • F.o.b. Ch1ttagong1Chalna
3Excludes March • Mars non compns • No incluye el mes de marzo.
SISAL (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Arlo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
196 198 174 176 223
256 223 251 383 342
223 209 177 161 173
152 170 240 527
1,056
580 469 513 490 707
765 645 593 563 584
532
SISAL ($EU!tonne metrique)
East Afncan U.G. 1
Est-africain U.G. 1
U.G. de Africa Oriental 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
1980 $ constantes
740 723 621 618 794
892 764 845
1,312 1,148
743 672 564 516 527
436 462 600
1.136 1,869
924 736 733 609 775
765 642 608 584 617
1 C.t.f. European ports • C.a.f. ports europeans • C.1.f. puertos europeos
SISAL (US$/tonelada metrica)
Kenyan/Tanzanian, No. 32 K8nyen;Tanzanien, W 32
Kemano,Tanzaniano, No. 32
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants
$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes
384 1.699 632 2 422 436 1 597 257 966 239 919
221 834 216 788 198 707 199 698 246 875
272 948 246 843 275 926 396 1,356 357 1,198
241 803 221 711 185 589 175 561 179 546
156 447 180 489 246 615 535 1 '153
1,079 1,910
694 1.105 503 790 549 784 521 647 737 808
787 787 687 684 622 637 644 668 652 689
629E
2C.1 f. London. Prior to 1960. East African No.1 • C.a.f Londres. Avant 1960, Est-afncam N" 1 • C.i.f Londres. Antes de 1960. Afnca Onental No 1
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current -KENYAN/TANZANIAN
- EAST AFRICAN
Constant KENYAN/TANZANIAN EAST AFRICAN
3000 US$/METRIC TON
~ 1000
' J 900
\ r v \ 800
\ \ ~~ 700
~
I \ ·~ 1¥ 600 11
" I v
~ 500
'V v 400
~ 300
\ ~ ~ ~ 200 ~
\J ~ I
100 .. ----~----~----~----------~----~--_. 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
71
WOOL (US cents/kg)
Year An nee Afio
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
LAINE (Cents EU/kg)
Current$ $ courants
$ comentes
282.7 396.6 195.2 228.7 238.2
220.9 213.5 255.4 183.9 189.8
196.0 194.4 193.2 227.1 236.9
198.0 218.4 187.6 171.3 162.5
146.4 137.4 240.1 513.5 367.1
274.1 340.9 357.8 375.3 442.8
460.1 427.5 392.6 363.82
365.93
360.74
LANA (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
New Zealand 1
Nouvelle-Zelande 1
Nueva Zelandia 1
1980 ConsiO.fll $ 1980 $ const.wts
1 ~)80 $ const<1nte::.
1.250 9
1,519 5
715 0 859.8 916 2
833 6
779 2
912 1
645 2
675 4
682.9 665.8 650 5 777 7
790 0
660 0 702 3 597.5 549.0 495.4
419 5
373 4
600.3 ~ .106 7
649 7
436 5 535 2
511 1
466 2
485.5
460 ~
425 4
402.3
377 4
386.4
1crossbred. 56's, clean basis, Dominion Auction, c.i.f. UK • Croisee. 56, base nettoyee, encheres Dominion, c.a.t. R.U • Cruzada, 56, base hmpia, subasta Dom1n1o, c.i.f. Reina Unido.
72
2Excludes May and July • Non compns ma1 et juillet • No incluye los meses de mayo y JUho
3Excludes July • Non compns JUIIIet • No incluye el mes de JUho
4Excludes April, May and July • Non compris avril, ma1 et JUillet • No mcluye los meses de abril, mayo y JUliO.
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant
- NEW ZEALAND -- NEW ZEALAND
USCENTSIKG 2000
~
1000 t
I (\
" v
900
800 t v
700 t \ (\
t 800
t 5QO
400 I
300 t
,(' )! 200
100 1960 1955
v -....J r\ \ \
·~
(\ V\ v r"--1
\ N
1960 1965 1970
" ~r i\ \II ~
f
1975 1960 1985
NATURAL RUBBER (US cents/kg)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
85.7 130.7 72.8 51.2 52.0
86.4 73.6 67.1 60.4 77.4
82.7 63.7 59.9 56.0 53.0
55.2 51.0 44.0 41.4 55.4
44.9 36.8 37.3 77.7 77.3
66.5 86.8 91.1
105.2 128.6
148.8 114.5
87.8 114.3 102.6
83.42
London Market 1 ·2
Marche de Londres 1 .2 Mercado de Londres t,2
'CJf,•' ~._·,v
1 ~jfj(, $ '
2BH f ?JJ r,
'c
?88 ~
.<. -
i64 c
1 ::lb 8
10s cl 136 ·:
130 1
~ 30 7
90 C•
i 1 H f 1 C.t' 3
1 ASS 1, spot pnce • ASS 1, comptant • ASS 1, precio al contado
2From 1983, c.1.f London • A partir de 1983, c.a.f Londres • Desde 1983, c i.f. Londres
3January-September average • Moyenne JBOvler-septembre • Promedto de enero-sept1embre
CAOUTCHOUC NATUREL (Cents EU/kg)
Current$ $ courants
$ comentes
91.3 133.8 85.5 53.4 52.0
86.4 75.4 68.8 61.9 80.7
84.2 65.0 63.1 57.8 55.6
56.7 52.0 43.9 43.7 57.8
46.3 39.9 40.1 78.5 86.9
65.9 87.3 91.7
110.7 142.4
162.4 125.2 100.2 123.8 109.6
92.7
New York Mark.et1
Marche de New York 1
Mercado de Nueva York 1
-,',If,
2?2 t)
19F C
: f',fl !_)
ih9 \_1
13:_ ;
·,os :
i:J4 Q
· Sb 1
Current
CAUCHO NATURAL (Centavos EE.UU./kg)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant - LONDON MARKET
-- NEW YORK MARKET
LONDON MARKET NEW YORK MARKET
600 US CENTS/KG
600~ ~--+----+------r------r----~r-----+------+------1
'\,...
~ \t--~ ~ I j ~
100~--~--+---+---44~+-~~~~~~
00 ~~\---A~--+----r---A-+~(-+~~
~.-~--~~--~~----,_ ____ ~--~~++-----+----~
7o ~-----~~-----~\_,_(--++-\ -----+----+-----IH---v~~/---+---1 60 1----1---H-___.__\J ~~~--+----+--+--+-------1
bl ~, ~ 50 ~----+-----~\J~'l-+-+--------+----1
~~--+---~---r--~u~-+---4--~
v
~ .. ----~----~----~----~----~--~----~ 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
LOGS (US$/cubic meter)
BOIS EN GRUMES ($EU/metre cube)
TROZAS (US$/metro cubico)
74
Year Annee Aiio
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
25.3 24.4 23.5 22.4 26.4
29.0 30.0 32.9 32.1 27.4
31.7 33.3 35.6 36.5 35.2
37.2 38.0 37.6 65.6 78.6
59.3 79.6 89.8 91.8
160.2
192.9 144.6 145.2 135.2 151.0
129.7
Ph1hppines 1
Philippines 1
de Filipinas 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes
95.5 89.1 83.9 78.6 94.0
1011 102.7 110.8 109.9 92.0
105.1 107.1 113.4 117.0 107.3
106.6 103.3
94.0 141.4 139.1
94.4 125.0 128.3 114.0 175.7
192.9 143.9 148.8 140.3 159 5
West African2
Quest-africain2
de Afnca Occidental2
Current$ 1980 Constant$ $ courants 1980 $constants $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes
36.0 131.4 33.2 118.6 33.2 116.5 29.5 105.0
34.8 121.3 39.3 134.6 37.5 126.3 39.1 133.9 39.5 132.6
39.5 131.7 38.0 122.2 37.5 119.4 42.0 134.6 49.6 151.2
43.0 123.2 44.5 120.9 52.5 131.3
133.6 287.9 120.5 213.3
126.6 201.6 142.3 2234 158.8 226.9 191.3 237.6 211.5 231.9
251.6 251.6 212.8 211.7 175.9 180.2 160.8 166.8 175.6 185.4
168.9
1 Lauan for plywood and veneers, length over 6.0 m, d1ameter over 60 em, average wholesale pnce in Japan • Lauan, bois centre-plaque au de placage, longueur 6 m ou davantage par 60 em ou davantage de diam8tre. prix de gros moyen au Japan • Lauan. para madera contrachapada y chapas, mas de 6,0 m de largo, prec1o media al por mayor en el Jap6n.
2Sapelli, high quality, f.o.b. Cameroon • Sapelti, loyal et marchand, f o.b. Cameroun • Sapelli, buena calidad, f.o.b. CamerUn.
PLYWOOD (US cents/sheet)
Year An nee Alia
1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
BOIS CONTRE-PLAQUE (Cents EU/feuille)
Current$ $ courants $ comentes
83.3 64.7
61.1 73.6 80.0 79.4 84.4
103.1 81.8 95.4
188.8 152.7
121.6 147.8 165.1 189.5 262.5
273.8 244.7 232.5R 229.8 227.0
206.1
Ph1hppmes 1
Ph1hppines 1
F1hpmas 1
1980 Constant$ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes
285.3 2171
203.7 236.7 254.8 254.5 257.3
295.4 222.3 238.5 406.9 270.3
193.6 232.0 235.9 235.4 287.8
273.8 243.5 238.2 238.4 239.7
1Lauan. 3-ply, extra 91 em x 182 em x 4 mm. wholesale pnce Tokyo spot • Lauan. trois €paisseurs. extra. 91 em ' 182 em x 4 mm. prix de gros. Tokyo comptant • Lauan. Ires capas. extra, 91 em x 182 em x 4 mm, prec1o al par mayor. al contado. Tokio
MADERA CONTRACHAPADA (Centavos EE.UU./Iamina)
r-•·•··>, " ~ c,' ~
PHILIPPINE
·IJIIOt---t------t---t---+-f-t--+---+----1
I -·. ·'
'
~·:;,l ----
.'9,tr. I I ' ,:, ' ) v ·iiit \ ..
\ ( ··:...
flo
,,
75
SAWNWOOD (US$/cubic meter)
Year An nee Aflo
1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct
BOIS DE SCIAGE ($EU/metre cube)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
74.3 68.0
84.9 68.6 71.8 76.5 82.5
81.4 73.1 76.9 84.1 90.2
92.9 92.5
109.5 156.1 143.1
166.4 168.1 154.1 205.4 339.1
365.1 314.1 302.0 304.3 306.8
276.1
Malays•an1
Malaisien 1
Malasio1
'c:',_·
1 Dar1< red Merantr, standard densrty, c.1.f. French ports • "Merantt'' rouge fonce. denSite noriT'ale, c. a. f. ports franc;ais • "Merantl'' rojo oscuro, dens1dad normal, c.i.f., puertos frances as.
76
MADERA ASERRADA (US$/metro cubico)
400
300
I Current
-MALAYSIAN
US$/CUBIC METER
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant -MALAYSIAN
}
v v \f ~v ~ 200
100
90
80
70
60 1950 1955
N ~
j
J.l ,.. I
\ ,; rv 1 ..
1960 1965 1970 1975
I ~ l
1980 1985
TOBACCO (US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Ano
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
TABAC ($EU/tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
677 642 756 747 666
631 659 750 695 816
807 697 783 681 787
688 893 871 979 944
988 970 962 962
1,280
1,517 1,411 1,670 1,690 2,130
2,300 2,350 2,410 2,245R 1,990
2,000E
lndian1
lndien1
lndio1
1 Export unit value of flue-cured • Valeur umtaire a I' exportatiOn du tabac seeM a l'a1r chaud • Prec1o unitario de exportaci6n, curado al humo
TABACO (US$/tonelada metrica)
'':18' ~ ~nsldr~:
1 'JHO ':li const3n1s 1 'l/-}( f. C""'O,!d~>l·-"
:' 996
2 ·~60 .2 ·:b9
;~,BOS
? f79 2 439
2 9C4
:._'.3t!7
2.77!
2.831
2.63~
2.405 2.07'3
L'.26E
?.-P6 2 21~
2 386
2.099
2.33t~
~: JOD
:'.338 2 469
:::_ iC"'
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant
-INDIAN, FLUE-CURED -- INDIAN, FLUE-CURED
~·USMM~-ET--R~IC~T·O·N--~------~----.-----~----~-----.
ooo.------+------,_----~------~------~----~------1
~·w ...... 19~sa ...... 1~960 ...... 1.96~5 ..... 1.9~7o ...... 19~7.5 ..... 19~oo .... ..11985
77
V. PRICES
V. Prix V. Precios
FUELS, METALS, AND MINERALS CARBURANTS, METAUX, ET MINERAUX COMBUSTIBLES, METALES, Y MINERALES
78
COAL (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
CHARBON ($EU/tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
8.94 9.63 9.72 9.25 8.97
9.38 10.59 11.03 10.74 10.34
10.00 10.06 10.08 10.06 10.14
10.22 10.24 10.57 10.80 11.48
14.77 17.35 19.16 20.90 44.52
54.27 53.56 54.26 55.74 56.50
55.70 58.05R 56.40R 57.47R 57.77
55.822
CARBON (US$/tonelada metrica)
Un1ted States 1
Etats-Un1s 1
Estados Umdos 1
1980 Constant $
1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes
39 56 36 90 35.60 34 77 34.50
35 40 38.65 39 39 37 68 36 80
34.84 34 45 33.94 34.45 34.03
34 07 32 93 33.66 34 62 35 00
42 32 47 15 47 90 45.04 78 80
86 42 84.08 77.51 69.24 61 95
55.70 57 76 57 79
59.62 61.00
1 Bituminous, export unit value, f.o.b. US ports • Bitummeux. valeur untlaire a !·exportation, f.o.b. ports des Etats-Unts • Bttuminoso, valor unttano de exportaciones, f.o b. puertos de Estados Untdos.
2January-September average • Moyenne J8nvter-septembre • Promedto de enero-septlembre
(YIIAALY AVEIIAGII)
Current Constant
- U.S. BITUMINOUS -- U.S. BITUMINOUS
US$/METRIC TON 90
/~ 80
\ 70
\ ~ flO
~ ~ 50
I V'J 40
I
"' ~ ~ ..._...._
30
20
I N
10
9 ~
-
8 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
79
PETROLEUM (US$/barrel)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953
1954
1955 1956 1957 1958
1959
1960 1961
1962 1963
1964
1965 1966
1967 1968
1969
1970 1971 1972
1973 1974
1975
1976
1977 1978 1979
1980 1981
1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Saudt Arabian
PETROLE ($EU/baril)
(OPEC Marker Crude) 1
Saoudien (Brut de reference OPEP) 1
De Arabia Saudita (Crudo de referencaa de Ia OPEP) 1
Current$ '980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 S constants
$ corrientes 1980 S ~-onstantes
1.7 7 5 1.7 6.5 1.7 62 1.8 68 1.9 73
1.9 12 1.9 69 2.0 ; 1
2.1 7 4
1.9 68
1.9 f c 1.8 G 2
1.8 6 1
1.8 f. 2
1.8 GO
1.8 0 0 1.8 58 1.8 ·:J 7
1.8 58 18 55
1.8 ~ 2 2.2 60 2.5 6 3 3.3 7 1
9.6 ,- 0
10.5 ~ 6 7
11.5 ~ 8 1 12.4 1 7 7
12.7 1 s 2 17.3 ·,g 0
29.4 29 ·~
33.2 33 G
34.0 3·18 29.5 30 6
29.0 30.6
28.1
PETRO LEO (US$/barril)
Wetghted Average OPEC Crude2
Moyenne pondEm3e brut OPEP2
Crudo de Ia OPEP. promedio ponderado2
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants $ cornentes 1980 S cun~tantes
1.7 7 5
1.7 65 1.7 62 1.8 68 1.9 7.3
1.9 72 1.9 69
1.9 6.8
1.8 63 1.6 "7 1.5 5 ~ 1.5 s 1
1.4 ·1 7 1.4 48
1.3 4 4
1.3 43 1.3 ..:.2
1.3 .11
1.3 4 2 1.3 4 0
1.3 3.7 1.7 4(i
1.9 -l 8 2.7 0 8
11.2 19 8
10.9 1 ~ J
11.7 18 4
12.8 18 3
12.9 16.0
18.6 20 ·1
30.5 30 5 34.4R 34 2
33.2 34 0 29.1 30 2 28.5 30.1
27.8
1L1ght Crude oil, 34°-34 go API gravity, f.o.b. Ras Tanura Posted or tax reference pnces unti11973; from 1974, official selling prices • P9lrole brut Ieger, 34"-34,9° API, f.o.b. Ras Tanura. Pnx aff1ches ou prix de reference fiscal JUSqu·en 1973; pnx de vente officials a partir de 1974 • Petr61eo crude liviano. 34° a 34,9° de dens1dad API. f.o.b. Ras Tanura. Prec1os de referenda a precios para 1mpuestos hasta 1973: desde 1974, prec1os of1ciales de venia
2Light Crude Oil, 34°-34 9" API gravity, average realized pnce, f.o b. Ras Tanura unt1l 1973; from 1974, weighted average official selhng prices f.o.b. from OPEC countnes • Petrole brut 19ger, 34°-34,9C" API. pnx moyen effectif. I o b. Ras Tanura jusqu'en 1973: a partir de 1974, moyenne ponderee des prix de vente oftic1els f.o.b. pays de I'OPEP • Petr61eo crudo liviano de 34°-34,9° de dc"~•rlad API. prec1o medio efectivo, f.o.b. Ras Tanura hasta 1973; desde 1974, promedio ponderado de precios of1c1ales de venta f.o.b., de pafses de Ia OPEP.
80
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant - OPEC MARKER -- OPEC MARKER
- WTD. AVG. OPEC WTD. AVG. OPEC
f\. so ......
20
~~
~V 10
9
8
1 ro .A.
~v - ' / 1\.._
~ v 5
4
3
·~ .A 2
v \ I ~
1 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS1
(US$/metric ton) PRODUITS PETROLIERS1
($EU/tonne metrique)
Year Annee Ana
1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. ·Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
30.5 26.1 19.5
21.3 25.1 30.4 87.8
131.1
120.3 137.9 131.6 160.0 335.0
358.0 354.1 323.6 283.2R 257.4
255.4
Gasoline2
Essence2
Gasolina2
61 ('
68 2 7€
139 2
~3:.:: l:
:g· ' )1()
'nb 1)
1!!8 8
367::
J'Jd I
3:;.c ,\
3:'1 '··
E
European Europeans Europeos
Jet Fuel Kerosene Kerosene pour moteur a react1on
Kerosene para motores de reacci6n
28.3 c·
34.5 9:::3 r:'
31.3 -s .1
90.7 106.7 1i),') ~
113.2 119.6 ; 8-;';)
129.5 ~=--· 146.2 18' '· 350.3 : ,;~.:j.
349.3 34~:!
335.4 333 --
322.4 277.6 ~-t-\b ~-
261.6 2-,
260.1
Current$ $ courants $ cornentes
24.5 25.7 20.2
25.8 30.5 26.8 83.6
103.3
100.0 107.4 117.8 128.6 310.9
307.1 298.7 289.7 248.2R 238.3
235.7
1 Barges, f.o.b. Rotterdam • Barges, f.o.b. Rotterdam • En gabarras, f.o.b. Rotterdam
Gas Oil3
Gazole3
Gas61eo3
2Regular gasoline, 91/92 octane • Essence ordmaire, tndice d'octane 91 '92 • Gasohna ordinaria, fndice de octano 91·92
3Minimum 53 diesel index • lndice d1esel minimum 53 • lndice d1esel 53 mfnfmo
4Heavy, 3.5% sulphur • Lourd, 3,5% de soufre • Pesado, con 3,5% de azufre.
-~ 9
sz 0
s-· \ 1 ec ~
:.t ,.
-:.:·
1';
]';,17 L
?Q(_-.:?
?S I ~-· ..
Fuel 0114
Fuel oil4
Petr61eo residual4
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
18.5 15.1 14.1 28.7 69.5
62.1 68.5 76.2 75.7
133.6
170.2 183.5 164.0 163.4R 178.2
153.3
-~ 1
b•
. 23 c
98 '·
OH" ~::;4 c
-...:.(:"_
-,;ll
·t:.=.t
·~,:
Current -GASOLINE
- FUELOIL
400 US$/METRIC TON
300
200
100
90
80
70
80
50
20
I
PRODUCTOS DE PETROLE01
(US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
constant GASOLINE FUEL OIL
A lA v
Dl\ \
A_;
';J/ t
\ \ \ I r \ v 1\V
\ I ...
~
10 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
81
ALUMINUM ALUMINIUM ALUMINIO (US$/metric ton) ($EU/tonne metrique) (US$/tonelada metrica)
European Market 1 London Metal Exchange2 New York Market3 Marche european 1 Bourse des metaux de Londres2 Marche de New York3
Mercado europeo 1 Balsa de Metales de Londres2 Mercado de Nueva York3
Year Current$ 1980 Constant $ Current$ 1980 Constant $ Current$ 1980 Constant $
An nee $ courants 1980 $ constants $ courants 1980 $ constants $ courants 1980 $ constants
Aflo $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes
1950 390 1,726
1951 419 1,605
1952 428 1,568
1953 461 1,733
1954 480 1,846
1955 522 1.970
1956 530 1,934
1957 560 2,000
1958 490 1.719 547 1,919
1959 486 1,730 545 1,940
1960 500 1.742 573 1,997
1961 470 1.610 561 1,921
1962 435 1,465 527 1.774
1963 444 1,521 499 1,709
1964 493 1.654 523 1.755
1965 489 1,630 540 1.800
1966 479 1,540 540 1,736
1967 484 1.541 551 1.755
1968 457 1,465 564 1,808
1969 581 1.771 599 1,826
1970 540 1,547 633 1,814
1971 435 1,182 639 1,736
1972 432 1,080 582 1.455
1973 663 1.429 551 1,188
1974 944 1,671 752 1,331
1975 690 1,099 877 1,397
1976 862 1,353 978 1.535
1977 991 1.416 1,132 1.617
1978 1,045 1,298 1,170 1,453
1979 1,520 1,667 1,602 1,757 1,310 1,436
1980 1,730 1.730 1,775R 1,775 1,534 1,534
1981 1,338R 1.331 1,263R 1,257 1,676 1,668
1982 1,061 1.087 992R 1,016 1,676 1.717
1983 1,495 1,551 1,439R 1,493 1,712 1,776
1984 1,371 1,448 1,251 1,321 1,786 1.886
1985 Jan. -Oct 1,119 1,050 1,786
1 New series. U.S. shipments, minimum 99.5%, c.Lf. Europe • Nouvelle s9rie. Embarquement Etats-Unis, minimum 99,5%, c. a .f. Europe • Nueva sene. Embarques de los EE.UU., 99,5% minima, c.U. Europa.
20tflcial f'TlOrning sess1on prices; average bid;asked price; mmimum 99.5% • Prix offic1els seance du matin; moyenne cours acheteur'cours vendeur. minimum 99,5%, • Precios oficiales, sesi6n de Ia manana; 99,5% mfnfmo. promedio de precios de venta y de compra
3For 1950-59. pnmary pig; 1960 onwards unalloyed ingot. 99.5%, producer list pnce • Pour 1950·59. saumon primaire: a patt~r de 1960. !ingot tnalh9, 99,5%, prix de producteur • Para 1950-59. hngote primario; de 1960 en adelante. lingote sin aleaci6n. 99.5%, precio del productor
82
BAUXITE (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Ana
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
BAUXITE ($EU/tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
7.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
12.00 12.00 12.00 12.50 23.20
25.30 27.20 30.80 34.30 36.60
41.20 40.00 36.00 34.70 33.20
31.50E
Jamaican1
Jamatquatn 1
JamatqUina 1
BAUXITA (US$/tonelada metrica)
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
1980 $ constantes
33.19 28.74 27 47 28.20 28.85
28.30 27.37 26 79 26.32 26.69
26.13 25.68 25.25 25 68 25.17
25.00 38.59 38.22 38.46 36.59
34.38 32.61 30.00 26 94 41.06
40.29 42 70 44.00 42.61 40.13
41 20 39.80 36.89 36.00 35.06
1 US import reference price based on imports from Jamatca • Prix de reference des importations des Etats-Unis base sur Ia bauxtte importee de Jamaique • Precto de referencta en los Estados Unidos basado en importac1ones de Jamaica
Constant
--JAMAICAN
~ I I
115$ t$65 tHO 1S75 1980 1U5
83
COPPER US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Ai'lo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
493 607 715 664 686
968 906 605 545 655
677 633 644 646 968
1,290 1,530 1,138 1,241 1,466
1,413 1,080 1,071 1,786 2,059
1,237 1,401 1,309 1,365 1,985
2,183 1,742 1,480 1,592 1,377
1,425
CUIVRE ($EU!tonne metrique)
London Metal Exchange 1
Bourse des metaux de Londres 1
Balsa de Metales de Londres 1
2. I H ~
'1f.l
J.:s
'j-)
':.1
1 Electrolytic Wlrebar. settlement pnce • Cuivre electrolytlque, "settlement price" • Cobre electrolitico. "settlement pnce"
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
468 534 534 635 655
827 922 652 568 687
707 660 675 675 705
772 797 843 923
1,048
1,272 1,134 1,116 1,298 1,690
1,401 1,517 1,451 1,444 2,034
2,257 1,846 1,607 1,716 1,472
1,445
COBRE (US$/tonelada metrica)
New York Market2 MarchC de New York2
Mercado de Nueva York2
2 071 :? (1<16
'.956 2 . .38.7
:,J.·
''_<:
2Eiectrolyt1c wirebar, domestic refinery producer price • CUivre 81ectrolytique, raffinene int9rieure, pnx de producteur • Cobre electrolitico, refineria interna, precio del productor.
84
current LME
--NY MARKET
US$/METRIC TON 6000
5000
4000
VJ ,r u ~
3000
2000
1000
~ 111
900
800
.. /'P ~t ~ u l
700
600
500
400 1950 1955 1960
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant LME NY MARKET I
~ " JV f',
\
\J
lA ~ l \ ~ ~~ ~v: ~
J I
I v
J
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
PLOMO LEAD (US$/metric ton)
PLOMB ($EU/tonne metrique) (US$/tonelada metrica)
Year An nee Ailo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
293 446 372 252 265
292 321 266 201 195
198 176 154 174 278
317 262 229 240 289
304 254 302 430 593
417 445 618 662
1,208
906 727 546 425 443
391
London Metal Exchange 1
Bourse des metaux de Londres 1
Balsa de Metales de Londres 1
~ 36J
59(i
93~
1 u;-,' H4c.'
1 05(1
90(:
jJ'
Current$ $ courants
$ conientes
293 386 363 297 310
334 353 323 267 269
263 240 212 246 300
353 333 309 291 329
344 304 331 359 497
475 509 677 742
1,161
935 806 562 478 563
421
New York Market2
March€! de New York2
Mercado de Nueva York2
1 Soft pigs, 99.97% purity, settlement price • Mou. en saumons. pur a 99.97%, settlement price" • Suave en galapagos. pureza 99,9]0;0, settlement price·
2p,g, desilvenzed. domestiC producer price • En saumons. d9sargente. pnx intEmeur a Ia production • En galApagos. desplatado. precio nac1onal del productor
~)b[\
' 1 ")4
q·,;
~ l ' ,'
" 7 ,., b~:-1
' lJ(',,
q.q 1
')~'' ~·.!·-
:}) __
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant LME LME
NY MARKET NY MARKET
US$/METRIC TON 2000
~ 1000
900
800
700
600
I '\ A v \ /I\ i
\ \ r I f\ \ \/ \) I
~ {'
I
v 500
400
300
~ I
~ ~ 1':\/ / M
l!l \~ \)j 'V v 200
100 1950 1955
._
'v
1960 1965 1970 1975
I ~
1980 1985
85
TIN (US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Ana
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.·Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ comentes
2,055 2,976 2,658 2,014 1,981
2,044 2,171 2,080 2,026 2,164
2,196 2,447 2,471 2,507 3,408
3,893 3,574 3,331 3,126 3,428
3,673 3,501 3,770 4,828 8,201
6,870 7,582
10,762 12,908 15,458
16,775 14,159 12,826 12,988 12,273
11,945
ETA IN ($EU!tonne metrique)
London Metal Exchange 1
Bourse des m9taux de Londres 1
Balsa de Metales de Londres 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
1980 5 constantes
9.093 11.402 9.736 7.571 7.619
7.713 7.923 7.429 7.109 7.701
7.652 8.380 8.320 8.586
11.436
12.977 11.492 10.608 10.019 10.451
10.524 9 514 9.425
10.405 14.515
10.940 11.903 15.374 16.035 16.950
16.775 14.089 13.141 13.473 12.960
EST ANO (US$/tonelada metrica)
New York Market2 MarcM de New York2
Mercado de Nueva York2
Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ conslanls
$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes
2,106 9.319
2,802 10,736
2,656 9.729 2,113 7,944
2,025 7.789
2,089 7.883
2,236 8.161
2,122 7,579
2,097 7,358
2,250 8.007
2,236 7.791
2,498 8.555
2,528 8,512
2,572 8.808 3,474 11,658
3,929 13,097
3,617 11,630
3,383 10,774
3,266 10.468
3,627 11.058
3,841 11.006
3,689 10.025
3,913 9.783
5,016 10.810
8,736 15.462
7,492 11.930
8,373 13.144
11,786 16.837
13,880 17.242
15,702 17.217
18,651 18.651
15,928 15,849
14,416 14.770
14,213 14.744
13,752 14.522
13,052
1Standard, minimum 99.75%, settlement pnce • Standard, minimum 99,75%, ·settlement pnce" • EstAndar, minima 99,75%. ·settlement pnce"
2pig, Stra1ts, ex-dock. maJOr US port, duty paid • En saumons. lnsulinde. a quai, dans un grand port des EU. taus droits payes • En galapagos. "Straits", puesto en mueUe. puerto de EE.UU., derechos pagados.
86
Constant -LME
"---· NY MARKET
&OQO'
80I)CI •. : 6000:
195$ 11!60 1966 1970 197$ 19Bjl
ZINC (US$/metric ton)
Year Annee A flo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
ZINC ($EU/tonne metrique)
London Metal Exchange 1
Bourse des m6taux de Londres 1
Balsa de Metales de Londres 1
Current $ 1980 Constant S $ courants 1980 S constants
$ cornentes 1980 $ wnc,tantes
328 1.451 473 1.812 412 1.509 207 778
216 831
250 943 269 982 225 804 182 639 226 804
247 861 214 733 185 623 212 726 324 1.087
311 1.037 282 907 273 869 262 840 287 87b
295 845
309 840 377 943 851 1.834
1,239 2,193
743 1.183 712 1.118 591 844
593 737 742 814
761 761 846 842 745 763 764 793
922 374
812
ZINC (US$/tonelada metrica)
New York Market2 MarcM de New York2
Mercado de Nueva York2
Current $ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants
$ corrientes 1980 S constantP<>
317 1403 408 1,563
369 1.352 250 940 247 950
282 1.064 308 1.124 262 936 238 835 263 936
297 1,035 265 908 267 899 276 945 310 1,040
331 1.103 331 1.064 316 1 006 309 990 333 1.015
349 1.000 356 967 391 978 455 981 793 1404
859 1,368 823 1,292 758 1.083 683 849 822 901
825 825 982 977
848 869 912 946
1,072 1.132
920
1 Good ordinary brands, settlement price; from October 1984, high grade • Bonnes marques ordtnaires. · se\1\ement pnce : a partir d'octobre 1984, haul grade • Buenas clases
ord1nanas, "settlement price"; desde octubre de 1984, de alta clase
2Domestic producer pnce for Prime Western Grade, dehvered New York • Pnx mteneur a Ia production pour· Pnme Western Grade", livre New York • Pree1o nac1onal del productor
para "Pnme Western Grade", entrega Nueva York
1000
900
800
700
600
500
300
200
Current
~
J
~
"
~
(YEARLY AVIFIAGE)
LME NY MARKET
/'1 "\ I \ ) I
\I 1\ J v v
A p<
~ ~
~) v v
Constant --LME
NY MARKET
~ I
·~ '\ 1\ } I \ ~ u r--...\ ,.;.
~\) '? \
lj
bJ 1 IV
1 rA i• rAV v
100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
--
f--.--
IRON ORE (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee A flo
1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
12.3
13.0 14.4 15.1 14.5 11.5
11.5 11.5 10.8 10.1 10.1
10.1 9.9 8.7 8.4 8.4
9.3 10.5 10.8 10.1 12.8
19.3 16.1 13.4 15.9 14.3
17.6 18.5 19.3 21.63
17.1 4
16.95
Swed1sh1
Suedois1
Sueco1
MINERAl DE FER ($EU!tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
17.1 17.8 16.8 15.7 15.7
15.7 15.3 13.5 12.6 11.8
15.2 13.5 12.8 17.1 19.0
22.6 21.9 21.6 19.4 23.3
26.7 24.3 25.9 24.0 23.2
22.6
Brazilian2
Br6silien2
Brasileflo2
1(
1 Kiruna D, 60%, c.1.f. Rotterdam, domestic 1mport pnce • Kiruna D. 60%, c. a .f. Rotterdam. pnx inteneur d'importat1on • Ktruna D. 60%, c 1 f Rotterdam. precio nacional de importaci6n
MINERAL DE HIERRO (US$/tonelada metrica)
Current SWEDISH BRAZILIAN
80 US$/METRIC TON
70
80
!\ /
~ I
50
40
30
20
I 265%, c.1.f. North Sea ports; pnor to 1975, 68% • 65%, c.a f. ports de Ia mer du Nord; avant1975, 68% • 65%, c.t.f. puertos del Mar del Norte: con anterioridad a 1975, 68%.
3Excludes June and December • Non compris JUin et dE!cembre • No 1ncluye los meses de JUnto y diciembre
r\ 4Excludes February, May and November • Non compns f9vner, mal et novembre • No incluye los meses de febrero. mayo y noviembre
5January-May average • Moyenne Janv1er-ma1 • Promedio de enero-mayo. 10
9
8
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
\_
~
\
Constant SWEDISH BRAZILIAN
L\ \, V, \ 'tp, I
!J v,
\) N \J (\J
\ v v
~ A v J
'
7
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
88
MANGANESE ORE (US cents/metric ton unit)'
Year Ann Be A no
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
MINERAl DE MANGANESE (Cents EU!unite de tonne metrique)'
Current$ $ courants $ corrientes
91.5 91.5 91.5
102.4 102.4
91.0 127.0 147.6 115.2 89.6
87.1 87.1 85.6 81.2 68.2
75.2 76.0 72.2 62.2 52.1
54.4 62.8 63.5 74.8
112.4
137.8 145.0 147.9 142.9 137.8
156.9 167.8 164.1 151.8 143.2
141.2
lndian2
lndien2
lndio2
1A metnc ton unit of manganese 15 equivalantto 10 kg of manganese • UM€1 de tonne metnque eqwvalent a 10 kg de manganese • Una un1dad de tonelada metrica es eqwva
lente a 10 kg de manganese
246-48% Mn, c Lf US ports. 1mport duty extra • 46-48% Mn. c a f ports des Etats-Unls. droll d'importatlon en sus • 46 a 48':-'o Mn. c Lf puertos de los Estados Un1dos: derechos
de 1mportac16n extra
MINERAL DE MANGANESO (Centavos EE.UU./unidad de tonelada metrica)'
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
I Current Constant
• - INDIAN INDIAN I 700 ·U·S·C·E·N-TS-~ .. ET-R·I·C·T·O~N·U·N-IT._~~----~------~-----.----...
~.-----1-----~----~-----+-----+-----4----~
~1-------+--fA~. ---1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------l
4001\ ,-·\ i
300.------4------~------~-----+------+------+----~
' ' 200.-----+-----~----~----~----~--~-+----~
Wt------4------~------r------+------+------+------~
~9~00------1·9~55 ...... 1~900-------1~--5-----1~9~70 ______ 19·7·5-----1~980~------19~
NICKEL (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Aiio
1950 1951
1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957
1958 1959
1960 1961 1962
1963 1964
1965 1966 1967
1968 1969
1970
1971 1972 1973
1974
1975 1976 1977
1978 1979
1980 1981 1982
1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
988 1,191
1,246 1,321 1,334
1,422 1,437 1,631 1,631
1,631
1,631 1,711 1,762R 1,742
1,742
1,735
1,739 1,936
2,075 2,363
2,846
2,932 3,080 3,373
3,825
4,570 4,974 5,203 4,610
5,986
6,519R
5,953R 4,838R
4,673R 4,752R
5,066
NICKEL ($EU!tonne metrique)
Canadian 1
Canadten1
Canadtense 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 S constants
1980 S constantes
4.372
4.563 4.564 4.966 5,131
5.366 5.245 5,825
5.723
5.806
5.684 5.859 5.931 5.964
5.844
5 783
5.593 6.165 6.649 7.206
8.155
7.968 7.700
7.270
6.770
7.277 7.808 7.433 5,729
6.563
6.519
5.924 4.957 4.847 5.018
Current$ $ courants $ cornentes
2,915 3,223 4,425
4,155 4,573
4,579 4,254 5,642
6,783 6,318 5,132
4,802 4,897
5,135
NIQUEL (US$/tonelada metrica)
United States2
Etats-Unis2
Estados Untdos2
1 980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants
i 980 $ constantes
7.288
6.946 7.832
6.616 7.179 6.541
5.285
6.186
6,783
6,287
5.258 4.981 5.171
1 Electrolytic cathodes. contract pnce, f.o.b sh1pp1ng potnl, US duty Included, from 1980, electrolytic cathodes. London Metal Exchange • Cathodes etectrolyttques. prix contrat. I o.b port embarquement. drOits de douane EU inclus; a partir de 1980, cathodes electrolyllques. Bourse des metaux de Londres. Catodos electroliticos, preCIO de contrata. f.o.b. punto de embarque; mclwdos los derechos de aduana en EE UU, desde 1980, catados electrolit1cos. Bolsa de Metales de Londres
2cathodes, dealer pnce, fob New York, spot, (estimated market pnce) • Cathodes, pnx vendeur, f o.b. New York. comptant (pnx estimahf du marche) • catodos, prec1o de distnbwdor, f.o.b. Nueva Yor!<., al contado (est1mac16n del precio de mercado)
90
' ' '<' ,'',' ''.+::'J !VI\!Af4LY A~l!l :\ ·. ,',
Current Constant -CANADIAN -CANADIAN
:~;~ .. :~IOtoN ' . ' :·,· 100011
,:;~,.
90011
•: BOOC1•
\ 1\ f';~~ . I 7000. ;~ ., I v
\o \ 6000 r V" v v \ / A I· 5000
~ I'J ~
I 40QO
J ' 30ill)!
/ ·.
'
J · .. .,
.. 2000, ':\
,: I .<', I' - .~:.
J: ~·r~ ' .... ( ~·\
' :?
': ,''
.. '.: 1~ •. ·;. 1000'' ''"
~; ·900' ·11150' 1955 1960- t~ . tlt70 1975 'II® •'
.. ::.:
STEEL (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Aiio
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ comentes
54.1 66.7 91.7 95.5 92.1
93.3 95.7
100.2 104.3 104.3
104.3 108.2 109.5 109.5 109.5
107.3 109.3 102.0 94.5
100.5
124.9 137.1 157.4 207.9 250.0
300.8 329.5 320.0 391.8 428.3
466.0 375.5 402.4 331.8 353.2
323.83
ACIER ($EU/tonne metrique)
Germany, Fed. Rep.1
Allemagne, Rep. fed de 1
Alemama, Rep. Fed. de 1
1980 Constant $ 1980 S constants 1980 $ constantes
239.4 255 6 335 9 359.0 354.2
352.1 349 3 357 9 3660 371.2
363.4 370 6 368.7 375.0 367.5
357.7 351.5 324.8 302.9 306.4
357 9 372.6 393.5 448.1 442.5
479.0 517 3 457.1 486.7 469.6
466.0 373.6 412 3 344 2 373.0
ACERO (US$/tonelada metrica)
Un1ted States2
Etats-Un1s2
Estados Unidos2
Current$ 1980 Constant $
$ courants 1980 $ constants
$ corrientes 1980 $ constantes
89.1 394.3
93.0 356 3
95.0 348.0
100.8 379.0
103.4 398 0
105.2 397 0 111.8 408.0
120.2 429.3
125.0 438.6
127.0 452 0
126.8 441.8 119.7 409.9 118.6 399.3 119.9 410.6
124.1 416.4
124.1 413 7 124.1 399.0 124.1 395.2 130.5 418.3 141.5 431.4
151.9 435.2 165.3 449.2 179.7 449.3 187.2 403.5 255.5 452.2
290.1 461.9 295.7 464.2 322.6 460.9 363.9 452.1 405.3 444.4
452.8 452.8 507.9 505.4 534.6 547.8 546.1 566.5 540.1 570.3
540.1 3
1 Bessemer Bars, Domestic/Export Price, delivered Oberhausen bas1s • Fers marchands, Bessemer, prix intlmeur exportation rendu Oberhausen • Barras Bessemer, prec1os na-
cionales,exportaci6n, entrega Oberhausen.
2carbon plates, f.o.b. at most midwestern points; prior to 1972, export pnce f.o.b. Pittsburgh. hot rolled plates • TOles d'ac1er au carbone. fob dans Ia plupart des Etats du centre des Etats-Unis; avant 1972, prix d'exportation f.o.b. P1ttsburgh, ac1ers lammes a chaud • Chapas de acero al carbona. to b. en Ia mayor parte de los lugares del med1o-oeste,
antes de 1972, prec1o de exportac16n f.o.b. Pittsburgh, placas laminadas en caliente
3January-July average • Moyenne Janvier-Julliet • Promed•o de enero-Juho
(YEARLY AYERAGI)
Current Constant - GERMAN - GERMAN -us us
7llO US$/M!TRlC TON
600
A r 5!10
~ 1/
II I· 1\ .. 400 \ _......_, v IJ ~ -r r""" rv 30i1
~ / 21)0
~
LJ v: ~ ~--
"\ J 1----'--
/ v 100
1/A--/ v I 90
I 80
7Q
J/ 1---- 1---
50 19$0 1965 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1t85
PHOSPHATE ROCK (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Aflo
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
11.6 12.5 15.9 15.3 14.6
14.5 14.5 14.0 14.0 13.0
13.0 13.0 11.5 11.5 12.5
14.0 13.0 12.0 11.5 11.3
11.0 11.3 11.5 13.8 54.5
67.0 36.0 30.5 29.0 33.0
46.7 49.5 42.4 36.9 38.3
34.0
PHOSPHATE NATUREL ($EU/tonne metrique)
Moroccan1
Marocain1
Marroqui1
52':
: ~ ~'
1, ·!
.: .... _.)
JL ,_
172% BPL, f.a.s. Casablanca: pnor to December 1975, 75% BPL • 72% BPL, fa s. Casablanca; avant decembre 1975, 75"/" 'BPL" • 72% BPL, f.a.s. Casablanca: antes de d1c1embre 1975, 75% "BPL"
92
FOSFORITA (US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant I Current
• -MOROCCAN --MOROCCAN
US$/METRIC TON 200
100
90
80
70
80
['~
" I" ' i\/ \ ........
\
50
40
...... v 30
20
tr-~ -v ~ I) 10 1950 1955 1980 1966 1970
I I
\
\ \~
v
1975
I
r\ \',
1980 1985
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (DAP)1
(US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Aflo
1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ cornentes
685 65.5 58.0
54.0 61.8 91.0
118.8 332.6
243.0 120.0 133.0 139.8 193.3
222.2 195.0 182.8 183.5 189.1
168.5
1 F.o.b. US Gulf Ports • F.o.b ports du Golfe du Mextque, Etats-Unts • F.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mextco, Estados Unidos
PHOSPHATES AMMONIACAUX1
($EU/tonne metrique)
Untied States 1
Etats-Unts 1
Estados Umdos 1
I Current
-UNITED STATES
US$/METRIC TON 700
600
:r-:[ 500
400 l(''
_,_,- -
I··• 300
:')'.
200
100
90
80
70
80
50 1950 1955 1960
FOSFATO DIAMONIC01
(US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Constant
"-·· UNITED STATES
! II
ir l \ 'I
i l
I l
) \ I \ ' ' ..... I ~ ~\ <i !
' T l--~ ~ ~ '· ; 'J \ ;
i/
v
\ J \If
1965 1970 1975 1960 1985
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE1
(US$/metric ton)
Year Annee Aflo
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan.-Oct.
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
32,5 32.5 32.0 3LO 30.0
28.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 32.5
29.5 27,5 25.5 24.0 22.0
31.5 32.5 33.5 42.5 60.5
81.3 55.0 51.0 56.4 76.7
115.7 112.4 81.6 75.3 83.7
85.2
CHLORURE DE POTASSE1
($EU/tonne metrique)
Canadtan2
Canad1en2
Canadtense2
1980 Constant $ 1980 $constants
1980 S constantes
122.6 118 6 114 3 108.8 106.8
99 3 102J 101.0 102 7 1091
98.3 88A 81.2 76.9 67 1
90.3 88.3 83 8 91.6
107 1
129.5 86.3 72.9 70.1 84 1
115 7 111 8 83.6 78.1 88.4
1 Also known as munate of potash • Aussi appele munate de potasse • TambtEm II amado munato de potasio.
2F.o.b. Vancouver • F.o.b. Vancouver • F.o b Vancouver
94
Current
-CANADIAN
USSIMETRIC TON 200
100 1\
90
80
70
60
60
40 '
"' 30
' ,.·
20
CLORURO DE POTASI01
(US$/tonelada metrica)
(YEARLY AYEIW3E)
Constant
-CANADIAN
~ I ~
\ I \ rv \
\ \ l
v
/\ )
r
\ 1950 1955 1960 11165 1&70 1&75 1&80
:· ;:
.;,;;':
1;:
;,
~. [;
f::
!;
J ~··.
v I'·<
I
,9et;
TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE (TSP) (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Ana
1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct
Current$ $ courants $ cornentes
47 38 39
43 43 68
100 304
202 91 97 98
146
180 161 138 135 131
119
TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE (TSP) ($EU/tonne metrique)
SUPERFOSFATO TRIPLE (TSP) (US$/tonelada metrica)
····. ~y~ Umted States 1
Etats-Un1s 1
Estados Unidos 1
1980 Constant $ Current Constant 1-1980 $ constants
1980 $ constames
150 122
- UNITED STATES - UNITED STATES
-~!-!!~~;!E·~c::··;:::::;:::::;:::::;:::::;:::::• . 119 ... . ~.-----~----~~----~-----4------+-----~----~ 123 .. 117 170 216
t •• J-----+---+---+---1---1+---+-----1 ..
538
322 ~.-----~----~-----r-----+--~~-----+----~
143 139 122 161
180 160 .,.,
141 140 138
' 1 F.o.b US Gulf ports • Fob. ports du Golfe du Mex1que, Etats-Unis. • F.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mex1co, Estados Un1dos
2001------1-------+---+-+---+/-l--l-l------+----1
\_,-/ "'v ~~ too~--+---4---~---+~~~v-=~~--~ 9(i.t---f-----t---+---+--l--+-''-----+----l
-~~-----~----f----~f----~f--~--t-----+----~
~.-----~-----+----~------+-~--~----~----_.
~t-----+-----+-----1-----~~--~----~-----1
v
1980 1980 1975 !980 1986
95
UREA (US$/metric ton)
Year An nee Aflo
1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 Jan. -Oct.
UREE ($EU/tonne metrique)
Current$ $ courants
$ corrientes
72.3 90.5
95.8 89.3 79.3 65.5 56.0
48.3 46.0 59.3 94.8
315.8
198.0 112.0 127.4 144.8 172.9
222.1 216.0 158.8 135.4 171.3
142.1
1 F.o.b Europe, bagged • F.o.b. Europe. en sacs • Fob Europa, en sacos
96
UREA (US$/tonelada metrica)
Any Ongin 1
T oute origme 1
De cua1qu1er origen 1
~47 G
30:J!
319 3 287 I
252 6 209 9 1/0 ;
1 '38 + (]
'.j,S ~3
204 3 r:ss 9
) 1 ~,.:J
1 ~~ ['
'82 () ~ 79 ~-l
1 e~~ L
:: ).~ g
'6;::: -'-1C :-.
12', ~
(YEARLY AVERAGE)
Current Constant
-- ANY ORIGIN -- ANY ORIGIN
US$/METRlC TON 700
600
500
400
.1~ 300
I \ J'\ 200
\ ~ v 100
90 /\
I \ 80
I \ 70
\ 80
50 \ I ~
40 1950 "1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965