numérisation et robotisation du champ de bataille (1) : le combat aérospatial du futur…

8/2/2019 Numrisation et robotisation du champ de bataille (1) : Le combat arospatial du futur

1/10

Nox|ehpmxneoCk opi|n}kxneo hp mfkir h` lkxkncc` {p` m` }enxhko} c`} heikno`} x`||`# kn|# i`| ep }rkxnkc `}xkpdep|hfpn kp mp| h` ipcxnrc`} hlkx} x`mfon){p`}# xfn{p`}# }x|kxjn{p`} `x recnxn{p`}/ M`ck o`henx rk} xeoo`| c` c`mx`p| 4 c` oeil|` h` }~}x)i`} kpxeikxn}} pxncn}} rk| c`} ge|m`} k|i`}ki|nmkno`} `}x rk}} m`} h`|on|`} koo`} h`{p`c{p`} ponx} rcp} h` hnv incc`/

C`} [pkh|òonkc H`gò}` \`wn`z &[H\. ki|n)mkno`} gkeooòx r|nehn{pìòx# kw`m meo}xko)

m` `x }p|xepx kw`m h`} inccnk|h} h` hecck|} ckr)rpn# c` mfkir h` lkxkncc` hp gpxp|/ K cmfkom`hpo` wnojxkno` hkoo`# m` {pn }~ h|epc`|k o`}`|k rk} }n cenjo h` m` {pn }~ rk}}` hd kp)

dep|hfpn/ Ck mkrkmnx iò`| h`} meilkx} hko}c`} wncc`} `x c`} teo`} ge|xìòx p|lkon}`} ephnggnmnc`} hkmm} h`wnòx &ep |`h`wnòx. po gkm)x`p| hniò}neookox rep| c`} ge|m`} k|i`}/ Nc`vn}x` po` x|} ge|x` r|elklncnx rep| {p` ck jp`|)|` hp gpxp| }enx meohpnx` ò j|koh` rk|xn` hko}po` j|koh` kjjcei|kxneo `x }` meomcpx hko} ckmkrnxkc` hpo xkx/

Ikn} {p`c {p` }enx m` gpxp| `}rkm` h` meilkx# ncrep||knx }` mk|kmx|n}`| rk| c` l`}eno h` gkn|` |`)re}`| c`gge|x incnxkn|` }p| h`} ie~ò} x`mfoece)

jn{p`} h` rcp} ò rcp} r`|ge|ikox}/ Ck hik|mf`wn}kox |reoh|` m` l`}eno `}x òx|`r|n}` kp)dep|hfpn rk| c`} xkx})Pon}/ Nc} r`|enwòx ò`gg`x c` mfkir h` lkxkncc` hp gpxp| meii` po

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I n m f ` c K } ` o m n e

Mf`|mf`p| k}}emn ck Geohkxneo rep|ck \`mf`|mf` ]x|kxjn{p`

Opi|n}kxneo `x |elexn}kxneo

hp mfkir h` lkxkncc`

C` meilkx k|e}rkxnkc hp gpxp|R|ìn|` rk|xn`


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2 dep|} h` leilk|hìòx `x eoi`}p|`|k c` ge}} {pnc |`}x` g|komfn| òx|` c`|w` `x ck |kcnx/

Po` nikj` hp mfkir h` lkxkncc` hpgpxp|H`} nikj`} h` m` gpxp| mfkir h` lkxkncc` |`})}ìlcòx po gnci h` }mnòm` gnmxneo 4

Po `}}kni h` |elex} x`||`}x|`}# ik|nxni`} `xk|nò}# {pnr} h` ipcxnrc`} mkrx`p|} }ncceo)oòx c`} ge|x}# c`} mfkir}# c`} wncc`} `x c`}i`|} khw`|}`}# }p|wec} rk| h`} k|eo`g} fk)lnx} `x oeo fklnx} h` meilkx# xkohn} {p`hko} c`}rkm`# h`} }kx`ccnx`} |kwnxkncc} `x h)rkoo} ò e|lnx`# }p|w`nccòx# x|ko}i`xxòx#wen|` kxxk{pòx `x o`px|kcn}òx h`} òjno}}rkxnkpv òoìn}/

Rcp} lk}# po fcnmerx|` ck|jp` po meoxò`p|meoxòkox h`} in}}nc`} {pnr} h` xx`} jpn)

h`} rk| ck}`| `x JR]/ Po meilkxxkox kp }ec &mk| nc ò gkph|k xep)

dep|}.# hìkoh` rk| |khne# ò ckojkj` okxp)|`c h`} h|eo`}# po krrpn g`p }p| h`} mnlc`}ielnc`} {pnc k kr`|p`} `x nhòxngn`} `x heoxnc heoo` ck re}nxneo/

]ko} kpx|` nox`|wòxneo fpikno`# c`} in}}n)c`} hp meoxò`p| }eox ckom}/ M`|xkno} |`}x`)|eox ò kxxòx` rep| k}}p|`| po` h`pvni`g|krr` }n om`}}kn|`/

Po x`c }mok|ne o` h`wnòh|k {p` j|m` kp hw`)

cerrìòx hpo |}`kp hò}`# ikncc `x }mp|n}h` meiiponmkxneo} `x hnoge|ikxneo}/ Cnire|)xkom` xepdep|} m|en}}kox` h` cnoge|ikxneo# epxncnohn}rò}klc` rep| c` meiikohìòx `x ck

meohpnx` h`} er|kxneo}# ~ meir|n} kp onw`kp h`ck ikopw|`# o` }` hiòxn|k m`ròhkox rk}/

M` }mok|ne o`}x rk} kp}}n gpxp|n}x` on nir|elk)lc` {pnc o~ rk|kx/ M`|xkno`} rfk}`} hp meilkx{p` oep} kweo} we{p`} }eox hd# kp ieno}rk|xn`ccìòx# in}`} ò pw|` kpdep|hfpn }p|c`} xfx|`} her|kxneo}/ Hko} po` r|ed`mxneo rcp} h` wnojx ko}# eo r`px m`ròhkox |`xòn| x|en}j|koh`} xòhkom`} cep|h`} 4

Ckrrcnmkxneo hpo meom`rx her|kxneo} ò|}`kp rep| c`} G|kokn}# hÒ`xze|a @oklc`Mkrklncnx~ mf`t c`} L|nxkoon{p`} `xO`xze|aMòx|nm Zk|gk|` mf`t c`} Ki|nmkno}# }ep})xòh c`} X|ko}ge|ikxneo} òxki`} rk|c`} ge|m`} emmnhòxkc`}/

H`pvni` xòhkom`# me|ecckn|` h` ck r|m)hòx`# ck |elexn}kxneo kn|)x`||`)i`|# `}xrep}}` }eo ikvnipi mf`t c`} Ki|n)

mkno}# `x kw`m rcp} h`|}`|w` mf`t c`} @p|e)rò} {pn w`pcòx ckn}}`| po` rcp} j|koh`rckm` cnonxnkxnw` fpikno`/

@ogno# c` mk|kmx|` hx`|inokox h`} }~}xi`}noge mòx|} `x kpxeikxn}} h`w|knx meoxnop`| }` hw`cerr`| hko} po` r`|}r`mxnw` nox`)|k|i`} x nox`|inon}x|n`cc`/

Kwkox h` repwen| meohpn|` m` x~r` her|kxneo# ncgkph|k òme|` |`c`w`| m`|xkno} hgn} x`mfon{p`} `xx`mfoecejn{p`} {pn o` }eox rk} òme|` xepx gknx re|x` h` ikno# on ii` re|x` h` lphj`x}#

}p|xepx rep| c@p|er`/Oep} kle|h`|eo} c`} r|nomnrkpv hgn} x`mfoecejn){p`} {pnc `}x om`}}kn|` h` |`c`w`| rep| iò`| lnò po meilkx k|e}rkxnkc |}`kp mòx| #lk} }p| ck fkpx`# wen|` ck x|} fkpx` x`mfoecejn`/@o |`wkomf`# c`} r|elci`} }x|pmxp|`c} `x e|jkon)}kxneoo`c} {pn ò hmepc`|eox gkxkcìòx `x {pn}eox kp}}n k|hp} |}eph|` }noeo rcp} {p` c`}r|elci`} x`mfoecejn{p`}# o` }`|eox rk} hxknc)c}/ Nc} meom`|oòx oexkiiòx ck|x h` meiiko)h`| hko} c` meox`vx` her|kxneo} ò |}`kp# cni)rkmx h` m` x~r` her|kxneo} }p| c`} }x|pmxp|`} `xc`} e|jkon}kxneo} incnxkn|`}# ep òme|` ck hgnon)xneo `x ck |kcn}kxneo hpo }~}xi` hnoge|ikxneokoxf|eremòx| m*`}x))hn|` xep|o w`|} cFei)i`/

C`} }~}xi`} k|nò}C`} }~}xi`} k|nò}# meii` c`} }~}xi`} x`|)|`}x|`} `x okwkc} weox x|` meog|eox} h` rcp} òrcp} }epwòx h`} `}rkm`} h` meilkx }nxp} òx`||kno epw`|x# hnggnmnc`} hkmm} `x ckmpokn|`}#rep| }` x`|ino`| w|kn}ìlcklcìòx ò incn`p

p|lkno# meilkx {pn r|òh kw`m c`} meogcnx} h`lk}}` noxò}nx `x k}~ix|n{p`}# po` nire|xkom`j|kohn}}kox`/ K mkp}` h`} |n}{p`} nire|xkox} h`heiikj`} mecckx|kpv nogcnj} kpv oeo meilkx)


3/10

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xkox}# xepx`} c`} k|i`} hp ieoh` emmnhòxkc}kmme|hòx |`meookx|` {p` c` meilkx p|lkno`}x `vx|iìòx hnggnmnc`# wen|` nire}}nlc`# jk)jo`| }ko} cpxncn}kxneo `vx|i` h` ck wnecòm` poieiòx heoo `x hko} po hckn rcp} ep ieno}ceoj/

H` x|} oeil|`p}`} |`mf`|mf`} `}}k~òx h` x|ep)w`| po` rk|kh` x`mfoecejn{p` gkm` kpv oepw`cc`}iòkm`}/ M`} xòxkxnw`} hkwkom`} }` |`x|epwòx`}}òxn`ccìòx kpv @xkx})Pon} kp }`no h` ckHK\RK &H`gò}` Khwkom`h \`}`k|mf R|ed`mx}Kjòm~./ C@p|er` {pkox `cc`# ikcj| po |`xk|hmeo}nh|klc`# `}}k~` xkox lnò {p` ikc h` }pnw|`hko} m`|xkno} heikno`} x`mfoecejn{p`} `x gknx ò}e|x` h` o` rk} x|` n||ihnklcìòx hn}xkom`rk| c`} @xkx})Pon}/

Hko} c` heikno` k|nò còd`p `}x `vx|iìòxnire|xkox mk| nc `}x mep|kiiòx khin} {p` c`}

h`pv xn`|} h`} nooewkxneo} x`mfoecejn{p`} r|e)wnòoòx h`} krrcnmkxneo} k|eokpxn{p`} ep }rk)xnkc`}# m` {pn òx|ko` k}}`t }epwòx h`} |prxp|`}x`mfoecejn{p`} x er|kxneoo`cc`} ikd`p|`}/

C`} x`mfoecejn`} k|eokpxn{p`} {pn |`xnòoòxckxxòxneo rep| |}eph|` c`} r|elci`} |ò)meox|} hko} ck meohpnx` hp meilkx r`pwòx }`|}pi`| kno}n 4

Ckwneo h` mfk}}` h` }nvni` jo|kxneo

Ii` }n c`} }pmm`}}`p|} h`} kwneo} h` mfk}}`\kgkc`# G)


4/10

8

`x re}}h`|knòx po` òhp|kom` o`xxìòx km)m|p` rk| |krre|x kpv |kmx`p|} x|khnxneoo`c}/

Ck r|erpc}neo f~r`|}eon{p` `x c` r|e)j|kii` Gkcmeo

Rep| ìiò`| h`} k|i`} |krnhìòx `x ceno# nc

nire|x` h` ikx|n}`| ck r|erpc}neo f~r`|}eon{p`{pn `}x po kv` h` |`mf`|mf` x|} kwkom kpv @xkx})Pon}/ M`}x hkncc`p|} kpv @xkx})Pon} {p` ceox|epw` po` `vr|`}}neo h` l`}eno er|kxneoo`ch}


5/10

0

h` in}}nc`} c`} h|eo`} IKC@ ò rk|xnmpcn`|/ Eo kk}}n}x h`rpn} ck jp`||` hN|ka# ci`|jòm`hpo oepw`kp w`mx`p| }ò}`p|%`gg`mx`p| re}})hkox ck mkrkmnx h` r`|}n}xkom` {pn rcp} `}x/ M`}x cemmk}neo h`} er|kxneo} @ohp|noj G|``hei&E@G. `xN|k{n G|``hei &ENG. {p` c`} h|eo`} eoxrp x`}x`| ck|mfnx`mxp|` hp }~}xi` gkm` kpv

meox|knox`} r|er|`} `x x~rn{p`} hpo mfkir h`lkxkncc`/ C`p| `ggnmkmnx o` }` hiòx rk} }p| poxfx|` her|kxneo e ck }pr|ikxn` k|nòo``}x km{pn}` `x ck iòkm` h`} hgò}`} }ec)kn| |)hpnx`}/

]ko} {pnc} knòx lepc`w`|} c`} geohìòx} h`ck|eokpxn{p` incnxkn|`# c`} }~}xi`} h` h|eo`}#h` rk| c`p| ìrcen `x c`p| no}`|xneo m|en}}kox`hko} c`}rkm` h` lkxkncc`# eox okoieno} jo|h`} iehngnmkxneo} ikd`p|`} hko} ck ikon|` h`meom`wen| oeo }`pcìòx c`} er|kxneo} k|nò)o`}# ikn}# kp)h`c# c`} r|nomnr`} ii`} h`} er)|kxneo} nox`|k|i`}/

Ck ipcxnrcnmkxneo h`} in}}neo} nomcpkox cìrcenh` h|eo`} hko} c` mkh|` her|kxneo} h` x~r`M8N]\ &Meiikoh# Meox|ec# Meirpx`|# Meiip)onmkxneo}# Nox`ccnjòm`# ]p|w`ncckom` koh \`meo)okn}}kom`. k jkcìòx r`|in} kpv {pnr`}mfk|j`} h` c`p| j`}xneo h` meox|nlp`| po`kicne|kxneo }ò}nlc` h`} mkrkmnx} h`} }~}x)i`}/ Ck rcp|kcnx h`} rckx`})ge|i`} oeo fklnx`}{pn om`}}nxòx rep| po ìrcen erxnin} po i)i` }~}xi` h`vrcenxkxneo# cpn)ii` |`cn po

}~}xi` h`} }~}xi`} &c` |}`kp.# |òge|m` ckwn}neo |}`kp mòx| kherx` rk| c`} k|i`}emmnhòxkc`} hko} ck meohpnx` `x c` meox|c` h`}er|kxneo}/

C`} h|eo`} no}|} hko} c`} er|kxneo} ò |)}`kp r`|i`xxòx kpv rk~} {pn c`} re}}hòx h`hn}re}`| hpo` |kmxnwnx rcp} nire|xkox` meox|`c`} mnlc`} ielnc`} ep gpjkm`}/ Po` h`} ckmpo`}|`c`w` ò Cnl~`# rk| c` mf`g hxkx)ikde| h` ck|)i` h` cKn| g|kokn}` `}x c` xìr} h` |reo}`x|er ceoj h`} }x|pmxp|`} h` ck mekcnxneo gkm` h`}mnlc`} ielnc`}/ H`} `gge|x} hko} ckmmc|kxneo hp|~xfi` h` ck lepmc` EEHK }eox òme|` om`}}kn)|`} 4 nc} henwòx x|` gh|} `x mee|heoo} rep|wnx`| h`} hm|emfkj`} òx|` ge|m`} mekcn}`} epm` {pn `}x rcp} j|kw`# òx|` c` x`||kno `x cmf`ceoer|kxng ep }x|kxjn{p`/ Eo r`px |krr`c`| {p`ce|} h` ck r|ìn|` jp`||` hp Jecg`# ck lepmc`meircx` hìkohknx rcp} h` wnojx {pkx|` f`p|`}#{pò `v)êpje}ckwn` `cc` k x |hpnx` {p`c){p`} f`p|`} `x {pò dpncc`x


6/10

7

in` ò ckn| h` 02 72 f`p|`}/ Po r|ed`x HK\RK&Wpcxp|`. k rep| eld`mxng h` gkn|` xòn| ò ckn| poh|eo` ròhkox mno{ ko} rep| k}}p|`| c` |ò}`n)joìòx# ck }p|w`ncckom` `x ck |`meookn}}kom`&N]\. `x h`} in}}neo} h` x|ko}in}}neo kp)h`}}p}h*po` teo` h*nox|x/ C`} hgn} x`mfoecejn{p`}nomcpòx c` hw`cerrìòx h`} x`mfon{p`} h`

r|erpc}neo# h` j`}xneo `x h` gnklncnx h` co`|jn`/Wpcxp|` kp|k ck mkrkmnx ò wec hx|` |`r|ej|ki)i rep| po` kpx|` in}}neo {p` m`cc` nonxnkcìòxr|wp` `x r|}òx`|k# rep| po k|eo`g# còhp)|kom` hpo r}`phe }kx`ccnx`/

C`} inm|e `x okoe h|eo`} &I `x OPKW.

K ckpx|` `vx|inx h` cmf`cc` jeix|n{p` ikn}xepdep|} hko} c` incn`p k|nò# c` l`}eno }` gknx}òxn| hPK] }pggn}kiiòx r`xnx} rep| rk}}`|rk| po` gòx|`# wec`| kp incn`p h`} k|l|`} ep ò

`}rkm` meogno# }` r`|mf`| onire|x` e `x kxxò)h|`# ò el}`|wkox ròhkox h`} }ìkno`} wen|`h`} ien}/ H` oeil|`pv r|ej|kii`} h` ck HK\)RK `vrce|òx m`} rn}x`} h` |`mf`|mf`/ K xnx|`ko`mhexn{p`# eo r`px mnx`| c`} |`mf`|mf`} gnoko)m`}# c kp}}n rk| ck HK\RK# {pn }`}}k~` mei)ikoh`| c` wec hpo no}`mx` &kl`ncc`# }mk|kl`. rk|no}`|xneo hpo nirckox opi|n{p


7/10

:

po` }p|w`ncckom` h` xep} c`} no}xkox} }p| ck teo`#ò }`gge|kox hmep|x`| kp ikvnipi c`} hckn}h` |reo}` h` ck lepmc` EEHK/ M`ck }prre}` h`leoo`} mkrkmnx} hel}`|wkxneo# h` |`meookn})}kom`# h` h}njokxneo held`mxng} `x hwkcpkxneoh`} hjx} ikn} }p|xepx po leo }~}xi` gh|k)x`p| h` meiiponmkxneo `x hnoge|ikxneo {pn r`|)

i`xx` h`} er|kxneo} ò |}`kp nox`|k|i`} `xnox`|k|i`}/

Po p|lko MK] |mòx 4 ck h`pvni` lkxknc)c` h` Gkccephdk@o kw|nc


8/10

6

M`xx` mkrkmnx oepw`cc` hkrrpn)g`p |krr|emf `xh` meilkx ò xfx|` p|lkno |`}x`|k ceojxìr}hkmxpkcnx rpn}{p` h`} meilkx} }` h|epc`|eoxx|} w|kn}ìlcklcìòx hko} c`} wncc`} `x {p` c`}hìkoh`} h` g|krr`} mfn|p|jnmkc`} x|} mnlc`}}eox mep|kox`} hko} c`} meogcnx} meoxìre|kno}/Nc meownòx hko} m`} meohnxneo} h` }nox`||ej`|

}p| cwecpxneo h`} }~}xi`} hk|i`} kmxp`c} {pn}`|eox kiò} kmmeirkjo`| ròhkox ceoj)xìr} òme|` c`} rckx`})ge|i`} oepw`cc`} {pn k|)|nwòx ò }`|wnm` er|kxneoo`c hko} ck|i` h`ckn| 4 c` \kgkc` `x rcp} xk|h c`} h|eo`} k|i} `xkpx|`} PMK]# rep| ck|i` h` x`||` 4 cfcnmerx)|` h` meilkx Xnj|` ikn} kp}}n c`} in}}nc`}# |e){p`xx`} `x kpx|`} iponxneo} jpnh`}/

C`} }~}xi`} }rkxnkpvHko} c` meilkx k|e}rkxnkc# c` mfkrnx|` }rkxnkc

`}x okxp|`ccìòx nomcp}/ Gknlc` mex h` ckom`)iòx# in}` ò e|lnx` h` }kx`ccnx` ck hìkoh` ò{p`c{p`} dep|}# nox`|wòxneo ò e|lnx` `x hrko)okj` h` }kx`ccnx`} 4 x`cc` `}x c`vr|`}}neo hp l`)}eno h` ck rk|x h`} pxncn}kx`p|}/ C` meo}xkx# kp)dep|hfpn# `}x {pnc `}x x|er ceoj `x x|er eo|`pvh` rckm`| po` mfk|j` pxnc` ò e|lnx`/ Hko} poieoh` {pn wecp` }ko} m`}}` `x {pn |kmmep|mnxc`}rkm` xìr}# c` heikno` }rkxnkc henx h`wòn|po incn`p rcp} |kmxng `x h` meohpnx` ò xìr}|`c h` ck ikopw|`/

Hko} m`xx` cejn{p`# ck ikx|n}` h` c`}rkm` |`re}`}p| 0 ciòx} heox m`|xkno} meom`|oòx hn|`mx`)iòx ck ikopw|` k|nòo` 4

Nc gkpx x|` mkrklc` h` ckom`|# ck hìkoh`#h`} }kx`ccnx`} leo ik|mf kw`m po hckn hpo`dep|o` òx|` ck meiikoh` `x c` ckomìòx/

Cìrcen h` c`}rkm` henx rk}}`| hp }x|kxjn){p` kp xkmxn{p`# m`}x))hn|` cnoge|ikxneoò xìr} |`c `x meox|nlp`| kno}n kp |kmmep|)mn}}ìòx h` ck lepmc` el}`|wkxneo%hmn}neo/

Nc gkpx x|` mkrklc` h` }kwen|# xepx no}xkox m`{pn }` rk}}` ò e|lnx`/

Nc gkpx x|` ò i`}p|` hk}}p|`| ck }mp|nxh`} }kx`ccnx`} meox|` xepx` iòkm` weceoxkn|èp oeo/ Nc gkpx repwen| nox`|hn|`# ckhw`|}kn)|`# cp}kj` h` c`}rkm`/ Rep| kxx`noh|` m`} |)}pcxkx}# {pn o` }eox rk} òme|` ck re|x` h`c@p|er`# cpo h`} ciòx} x`mfoecejn{p`}mc} rep||knx lnò x|` c` inm|e}kx`ccnx` ep ckmeo}xnxpxneo hpo }kx`ccnx` meirc`x hko} c`})rkm` ikn} meo}xnxp h` rcp}n`p|} rk|xn`} noh)ròhkox`} e|lnxkox ò rkx|epncc` &lcem} in})}neo# |m`rxneo# x|knxìòx# o`|jn`./

Ck ikx|n}` h` cnoge|ikxneoM` heikno` h`} }~}xi`} hnoge|ikxneo `x h`

meiiponmkxneo# xexkcìòx x|ko}w`|}` rep| c`}k|i`}# ~ meir|n} }p| c` xfx|` her|kxneo}#hìkoh`|knx po` oex` rk|xnmpcn|`/ Ck ikx|n}`h` cnoge|ikxneo `x h`} }~}xi`} k}}emn} }ep})xòh ck hik|mf` h` X|ko}ge|ikxneo òxk)i` rk| c`} k|i`} emmnhòxkc`}/

Ck hìkoh` hp ieiòx re|x` }p| ck |kcn}kxneoh` |}`kpv mkrklc`} h` r`|i`xx|` ck rc`no` pxncn)}kxneo h`} k|i`} `vn}xkox`}/

Rep| m`ck# h`pv meohnxneo} }eox }kxn}gkn|` 4

Meilc`| c` ge}} {pn `vn}x` òx|` rckongnmk)x`p|} `x meilkxxkox} }p| c` x`||kno/ Rk|xkj`|ck ii` meookn}}kom` h` ck }nxpkxneo/

R`|i`xx|` ck |kcn}kxneo hòxnx} h` meilkxoepw`cc`}# rpn}}kox`} `x cj|`}# ck hìko)h`# ò |pon}}kox c`} `gge|x} h` ie~ò} okxp)|`ccìòx ep e|jkon{pìòx }rk|}/

@o ikxn|` hnoge|ikxneo# c`} `gge|x} dp}{p`)ceox re|x }p| c`} renox} }pnwkox} 4

Ckpjiòxkxneo h` ck wnx`}}` h` mn|mpckxneoh`} heoo`}/

Ckicne|kxneo h` cp}kj` hp }r`mx|` |khne)c`mx|n{p`/

Ck j`}xneo h`} |}`kpv/

Ck r|ex`mxneo h` cnoge|ikxneo/

Hko} ck |kcnx# m`} r|elci`} |`}xòx òxn`|}ikn} kpdep|hfpn# rep| meohpn|` h`} er|kxneo} |}`kpv mòx|`} # {pkx|` kpx|`}renox} `}}òxn`c} henwòx x|` ikx|n}} 4

C` rk|xkj` h` cnoge|ikxneo xkmxn{p` }p| c`x`||kno/

Ck meer|kxneo ck hìkoh`/

Ck }~omf|eon}kxneo hko} cìrcen h`}ie~ò}/

Ck mkrkmnx hp meiikohìòx meir|ò)h|` `x nox`|r|x`| ck }nxpkxneo }p| c` x`||kno/

Ikn} nc o` gkpx rk} r`|h|` h` wp` {p` c`} er|k)xneo} |}`kp mòx|`} r|}òx`|eox ck wpco|klncn)

x r|er|` kpv |}`kpv meoo`mx} m*`}x))hn|` c`}|n}{p`} hnox|p}neo# h` c`p||kj`# h` hm`rxneo/

Ck cejn}xn{p` hp gpxp|Rep| r|rk|`|# }epxòn| `x krr|ewn}neoo`| òfeii`} `x ie~ò} c`} ge|m`} k|i`}# ck cejn}xn){p` h`w|k# òme|` rcp} {pfn`|# h`wkom`| c`} l`)}eno} `x |kmmep|mn| c`} hckn} h` }kxn}gkmxneo/

Hko} c` heikno` k|nò# m`}x c` mp|kxng {pn r|ò)h|k c` rk} }p| c`} iknoxòkom`} r|wòxnw`}/ Kp)dep|hfpn# c`} mkrkmnx} hkpxe hnkjoe}xnm }eox

hd ck|jìòx pxncn}`} `x nc `vn}x` hd h`} i)xkpv {pn mfkojòx h` mepc`p| ce|}{ppo` m|n{p`krrk|kx gkmncnxkox kno}n c` meox|c` oeo h`}x|pm)xng/ Ck hninopxneo h` ck hròhkom` o`|jxn{p`


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h`} ge|m`} k|i`} `x h`} }~}xi`} hk|i`} `}xjkcìòx po kv` nire|xkox h` |`mf`|mf`}/ Ckinonkxp|n}kxneo h`} ciòx} wn}kox gep|on| h`ge|x`} rpn}}kom`} kw`m po òmeil|ìòx gknlc``}x jkcìòx `vrce|`/ H` ii` {peo `}}k~`hnhòxngn`| c`} i`ncc`p|`} wen`} re}}nlc`} rep|c`} lnemk|lp|kox}# wen|` cpxncn}kxneo h` cf~h|ej)

o`# rep| c`} oepw`kpv ieh`} h` r|erpc}neo {pncgkph|k |}eph|` ò xepx` }mp|nx/

Hko} c` heikno` }rkxnkc# ck cejn}xn{p` mei)r|òh 4 cnox`|wòxneo ò e|lnx` `x c` hrkookj`kpxeikxn{p` h` }kx`ccnx`} 1 ck gnklncnx h`} meire)}kox} 1 ck |`heohkom` h`} {pnrìòx} 1 c`} mk)rkmnx} hkpxe }p|w`ncckom` `x h` hnkjoe}xnm 1 c`}mkrkmnx} hkpxe)|rk|klncnx ep hmfkoj`} h)ciòx} ò e|lnx`/

Hko} c` heikno` h` cnoge|ikxneo# c`} hngg|òx}kmx`p|} h` ck j|koh` hn}x|nlpxneo hko} c` ieoh`

òxn`| }*nox|`}}òx h`rpn} {p`c{p`} xìr} hdkpv ìlkcckj`} nox`ccnjòx} & nox`ccnjòx koh}ik|x rkmakjnoj . rep| ck j`}xneo h~okin{p`h`} gcpv ò meprckox m`xx` oepw`cc` x`mfoecejn`kw`m cpxncn}kxneo h`} ]ik|xrfeo`}# rk| `vìrc`#`x hp Mceph Meirpxnoj &j|e} }`|w`p|} in} hn})re}nxneo h`} pxncn}kx`p|}./ Ck \GNH &\khne G|`){pòm~ Nhòxngnmkxneo. `}x rep| c` ieiòx ck }e)cpxneo r|nwncjn`/

Cnoge|ikxneo `}x nohn}rò}klc` kp geomxneoo`)iòx h` ck cejn}xn{p` meii` `cc` c`}x rep| c`}lk}`} er|kxneoo`cc`} h` heoo`}/ Ikn} òme|`

gkpx)nc {p` cnoge|ikxneo ck }ep|m` }enx me||`mx`)iòx }kn}n` `x {p` cnhòxngnkox mk|kmx|n}` r|mn)}iòx celd`x/ M` o`}x {p ck||nw` }p| c` }nx`h`vrcenxkxneo {p` ceo rep||k }ò kr`|m`wen|#ikn} x|er xk|h/

Meomcp}neo}Eo |`xnòh|k ò meomcp}neo}# }nv j|koh} xfi`}r|nomnrkpv meii` eld`mxng} rep| c`} ge|m`} k|)i`} rep| c` meilkx hp VVNi` }nmc` 4

Cpxncn}kxneo h` c`}rkm` 4 kmm} |krnh`# }mp)|n}kxneo# khkrxklncnx h`} ie~ò}/

Cpxncn}kxneo }~}xikxn{p` h` ck |elexn{p`{p` m` }enx ò ckn|# }p| ep }ep} ck i`| `x }p|x`||`/ H`} }~}xi`} nofklnx} ikn} meox|c} hn}xkom` x|kwkncckox ò `}}kni `x rcp)}n`p|} x~r`} h` rckx`})ge|i`}/ Kr|} ck ik)x|n}` h` cnoge|ikxneo# m`}x ck h`pvni` |pr)xp|` ikd`p|` r|wn}nlc` hko} c`}


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;/ Hrpx D/)M/ Wnecc`x# Mecce{p` H`} h|eo`} k|i} cPMKW 4 wecpxneo ep |prxp|` 5 # Xklc` |eoh`# ]okx#< ikn

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