notes de français

8/14/2019 Notes de Franais

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Notes deFranais


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TabledesMatires i. LesArticles (Articles)

ii. LesPronoms (Pronouns)

iii. LesVerbes (Verbs)

iv. LesVerbesModaux (ModalVerbs)

v. LesAdverbes Ngatifs (NegativeAdverbs)

vi. LesAdjectifs (Adjectives)

vii. LesAdverbes (Adverbs)

viii. PassCompos (PastTense)

ix. LeFutur (FutureTense)

x. Le Conditionnel (ConditionalCase)

xi. LImpratif (ImperativeCase)

xii. LesConjonctions (Conjunctions)

xiii. LesNombres (Numbers)

xiv. Couleurs, Formes,etGrosseurs (Colors,Shapes,andSizes)

xv. Lesmotions (Emotions)

xvi. LesExpressionsCourantes(CommonPhrases)


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LesArticles

masc. fem. pl. INDEFINITE un une desDEFINITE le la les

PARTITIVE* du dela des

*Partitivesomeorany

Afteradverbsofquantity,usede insteadofthepartitivearticle:

Ilyabeaucoupd e th.Thereisalotoftea.

J'aimoinsd e glacequeThierry.IhavelessicecreamthanThierry.

Inanegativeconstruction,thepartitivearticlechangestode ,meaning"(not)any":

J'aimangdelasoupe.Jen'aipasmangd e soupe.Iatesomesoup.Ididn'teatanysoup.


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LesPron omsPersonalPronouns

SUBJ ECT DIR.OBJ. INDIR.OBJ. REFLEXIVE STRESSED

je me* me* me* moi

tu te* te* te* toi

il le lui se lui

elle la elle

on soi

nous nous nous nous nous

vous vous vous vous vous

ils les leur se eux

elles elles

*Intheimperative,meandtesometimeschangetomoiandtoi

Y Pronoun

Yreplacesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith,chez,ordans:

Tuvaslabanqueaujourdhui?Non,jyvaisdemain.

Areyougoingtothebanktoday?No,Imgoingtomorrow.

Nousallonsaumagasin.Teveuxyaller?

Weregoingtothestore.Doyouwanttogo?

Ycanalsoreplace+anounthatsnotaperson:

Jerspondsuneletter.Jyrsponds.

Imrespondingtoaletter.Imrespondingtoit.

Ilpensenotrevoyage.Ilypense.

Hesthinkingaboutourtrip.Hesthinkingaboutit.


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LesVerbesAuxiliaryVerbs tre tobe

jesuis noussommes

tues voustes

ilest ilssont

avoir tohavejai nousavons

tuas vousavez

ila ilsont

OtherCommonVerbs

aimer tolikejaime nousaimons

tuaimes vousaimez

ilaime ilsaiment

savoir toknow(fact)jesais noussavonstusais voussavez

ilsait ilssavent

manger toeatjemange nousmangeons

tumanges vousmangez

ilmange ilsmangent

allertogojevais nousallons

tuvas vousallez

ilva ilsvont

vouloir towantjeveux nousvoulons

tuveux vousvoulez

ilveut ilsveulent

pouvoirtobeableto(can)jepeux nouspouvonstupeux vouspouvez

ilpeut ilspeuvent

faire tomake/dojefais nousfaisons

tufais vousfaites

ilfait ilsfont

penser tothinkjepense nouspensons

tupenses vouspensez

ilpense ilspensent


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dire tosayjedis nousdisons

tudis vousdites

ildit ilsdisent

avoirbesointoneedjaibesoin nousavonsbesoin

tuasbesoin vousavezbesoin

ilabesoin ilsontbesoin

jouer toplayjejoue nousjouonstujoues vousjouez

iljoue ilsjouent

connatretoknow(person)jeconnais nousconnaissons

tuconnais vousconnaissez

ilconnat ilsconnaissent

croiretobelievejecrois nouscroyons

tucrois vouscroyez

ilcroit ilscroient

couter tolistenjcoute nouscoutons

tucoutes vouscoutezilcoute ilscoutent

donner togivejedonne nousdonnons

tudonnes vousdonnez

ildonne ilsdonnent

devoirtohaveto(must)jedois nousdevons

tudois vousdevez

ildoit ilsdoivent

attendretowaitforjattends nousattendons

tuattends vousattendez

ilattend ilsattendent

voir toseejevois nousvoyonstuvois vousvoyez

ilvoit ilsvoient

essayer totry/attemptjessaie nousessayons

tuessaies vousessayez

ilessaie ilsessaient

entendretohearjentends nousentendons

tuentends vousentendez

ilentend ilsentendent

har tohatejehais noushassons

tuhais voushassezilhait ilshassent

acheter tobuyjachte nousachetons

tuachtes vousachetez

ilachte ilsachtent


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LesVerbesModaux

Frenchdoesnothavemodalverbs,whichcanmakeitdifficulttotranslatethem.The

Frenchequivalentsofmodalverbsmaybeaconjugatableverb(e.g.,pouvoir),ora

tense,mood,oradverb.Notethat"could"and"would"canbeusedinthepresentand

past,withvariedmeanings.

can pouvo i r (presenttense) Icanhelpyou. Jepeuxvousaider.

Wecanseeit. Nouspouvonslevoir.

could(present) pouvo i r (conditional) Icoulddanceallnight. Jepourraisdanserpendanttoutelanuit. Couldyouhelpme? Pourriezvousm'aider?

could(past) pouvo i r (imperfect) Hecouldreadwhenhewasthree. Ilpouvaitlirequandilavaittroisans.

Lastyear,Icouldsleepuntilnoon

everyday.

L'annedernire,jepouvaisdormir

jusqu'miditouslesjours.

may,might peu t t r e , pouvo i r (conditional), s e p ou vo i r (present)

Shemay/mightarriveatnoon. Ellearriverapeuttremidi.

Ellepourraitarrivermidi.

Ilsepeutqu'ellearrivemidi.

must de vo i r (present) Imustleave. Jedoispartir.

Youmusthelpme. Vousdevezm'aider.

shall , will Frenchfuturetense Ishall/willhelpyou. Jevousaiderai.

Hewillarriveatnoon. Ilarriveramidi.

should/ought de vo i r (conditional) Ishould/oughttoleavesoon. Jedevraispartirbientt.

Youshould/oughttohelpme. Vousdevriezm'aider.


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LesAdverbesNgatifsTomakeasentencenegative,placeneinfrontoftheconjugatedverbandpas(orone

oftheothernegativeadverbs)afterit:

Jesuisriche.Jenesuispasriche.Iamrich.Iamnotrich.

tesvousfatigu?N'tesvouspasfatigu?Areyoutired?Arentyoutired?

Incompoundverbsanddualverbconstructions,thenegativeadverbssurroundthe

conjugatedverb(exceptfornullepart,whichfollowsthemainverb):

Jen'aipastudi.Ididn'tstudy.

Nousn'aurionspassu.Wewouldn'thaveknown.

Tun'avaispasparl?Youhadn'ttalked?

Ilneveutpasskier.Hedoesn'twanttoski.

Jenepeuxpasyaller.Ican'tgo.

Whenthereisanindefinitearticleorpartitivearticleinanegativeconstruction,the

articlechangestode ,meaning"(not)any":

J'aiunepomme.Jen'aipasd e pomme.IhaveanappleIdon'thaveanyapples.


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OtherNegativeAdjectives

ne . . . p a s enco re notyetIln'estpasencorearriv. Hehasnotarrivedyet.

ne . . . p a s t ou jou r s notalwaysJenemangepastoujoursici. Idon'talwayseathere.

ne . . . p a s du t ou t notatallJen'aimepasdutoutlespinards. Idon'tlikespinachatall.

ne . . . a u c unemen t notatall,innowayIln'estaucunementblmer. Heisinnowaytoblame.

ne . . . gu r e hardly,barely,scarcelyIln'yaguredemonde. There'shardlyanyonethere.

ne . . . j ama i s neverNousnevoyageonsjamais. Wenevertravel.

ne . . . nu l l emen t notatallIlneveutnullementvenir. Hedoesn'twanttocomeatall.

ne . . . nu l l e p a r t nowhereJenel'aitrouvnullepart. Icouldn'tfinditanywhere.

ne . . . p o i n t not(literaryequivalentofne...pas)Jenetehaispoint. Idon'thateyou.

ne . . . p l u s nomore,notanymoreVousn'ytravaillezplus. Youdon'tworkthereanymore.

ne . . . que onlyIln'yaquedeuxchiens. Thereareonlytwodogs.


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LesAdjectifsFrenchadjectivesareverydifferentfromEnglishadjectivesintwoways:

1. Frenchadjectiveschangetoagreeingenderandnumberwiththenounsthattheymodify,whichmeanstherecanbeuptofourformsofeachadjective:

Adjective:j o l i (pretty)Masculinesingularjoli

Femininesingularjolie

Masculinepluraljolis

Femininepluraljolies

2. InEnglish,adjectivesarealwaysfoundinfrontofthenoun,butmostFrenchadjectivesfollowthenountheymodify:

unlivrevertgreenbook

unprofesseurintelligentsmartteacher

ButtherearesomeFrenchadjectivesthatprecedethenoun:

unbeaugaronhandsomeboy

unpetitverresmallglass

MostFrenchadjectivesaddeforfeminineandsforplural.Thisruleappliesto

adjectivesthatendinmostconsonantsaswellasallvowelsexcepttheunaccentede:

Adjective:ve r t (green)Masculinesingularvert

Femininesingularverte

Masculinepluralverts

Femininepluralvertes


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Adjective:b l e u (blue)Masculinesingularbleu

Femininesingularbleue

MasculinepluralbleusFemininepluralbleues

Adjective:p i c (spicy)Masculinesingularpic

Femininesingularpice

Masculinepluralpics

Femininepluralpices

Whenthemasculinesingularadjectiveendsinanunaccentede,thereisnodifference

betweenthemasculineandfeminineforms:

Adjective:r ou ge (red)Masculinesingularrouge

Femininesingularrouge

Masculinepluralrouges

Femininepluralrouges

Whenthedefaultformoftheadjectiveendsinsorx,thereisnodifferencebetween

themasculinesingularandpluralforms:

Adjective:gr i s (grey)Masculinesingulargris

FemininesingulargriseMasculinepluralgris

Femininepluralgrises


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Adjectivesthatendinavowelpluslornusuallybecomefemininebydoublingthe

consonantbeforeaddinge:

Ending:e l e l l e Adjective:pe r s onne l (personal)MasculinesingularpersonnelFemininesingularpersonnelle

Masculinepluralpersonnels

Femininepluralpersonnelles

Ending:on o nn e Adjective:bon (good)Masculinesingularbon

Femininesingularbonne

MasculinepluralbonsFemininepluralbonnes

Adjectivesthatendineroretneedagraveaccent:

Ending:e r r e Adjective:c h e r (expensive)Masculinesingularcher

Femininesingularchre

MasculinepluralchersFemininepluralchres

Ending:e t t e Adjective:c omp l e t (full)Masculinesingularcomplet

Femininesingularcomplte

Masculinepluralcomplets

Femininepluralcompltes

Otherfinallettersleadtoveryirregularfeminineendings:

Ending:c ch e Adjective:b l a n c (white)Masculinesingularblanc

Femininesingularblanche

Masculinepluralblancs

Femininepluralblanches


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Ending:eu r eu s e Adjective:f l a t t eu r (flattering)Masculinesingularflatteur

Femininesingularflatteuse

Masculinepluralflatteurs

FemininepluralflatteusesEnding:eu x eu s e Adjective:heu r eu x (happy)

Masculinesingularheureux

Femininesingularheureuse

Masculinepluralheureux

Femininepluralheureuses

Ending: f v e Adjective:n e u f (new)Masculinesingularneuf

Femininesingularneuve

Masculinepluralneufs

Femininepluralneuves

Irregularplurals:Theendingalchangestoauxintheplural:

Adjective:i d a l (ideal)Masculinesingularidal

Femininesingularidale

Masculinepluralidaux

Femininepluralidales


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IrregularFrenchAdjectives

ThereareseveralFrenchadjectiveswhichhaveirregularfeminineandpluralforms,as

wellasaspecialformwhentheyareplacedinfrontofamasculinenounthatbegins

withavoweloramuteh:

unbelhommeahandsomeman

unvieilamianoldfriend

Singular PluralAdjective masc. vowel/h fem. masc. fem. beautiful beau bel belle beaux belles

new nouveau nouvel nouvelle nouveaux nouvelles

crazy fou fol folle fous folles

soft mou mol molle mous molles

old vieux vieil vieille vieux vieilles

1.PlacementafterthenounMostdescriptiveadjectivesareplacedafterthenountheymodify.Thesenormallyhave

ananalyticalmeaning,inthattheyclassifythenounintoacertaincategory.Thesetypes

ofadjectivesincludeshape,color,taste,nationality,religion,socialclass,andother

adjectivesthatdescribethingslikepersonalityandmood.

unetableronderoundtable

unlivrenoirblackbook

duthsucrsweettea

unefemmeamricaineAmericanwoman

uneglisecatholiqueCatholicchurch

unefamillebourgeoisemiddleclassfamily


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2.PlacementbeforethenounCertainadjectivesareplacedbeforethenoun,somewhichyoucanmemorizewiththe

acronym"BAGS":

BeautyAgeGoodandbadS ize

Thesedescriptorsandafewothersareconsideredinherentqualitiesofthenoun:

unejoliefilleprettygirl

unjeunehommeyoungman

unenouvellemaisonnewhouse

unbonenfantgoodchild

unpetitproblmesmallproblem

lessincrescondolancessincerecondolences

lesvaguespromessesvaguepromises

ungentilgaronkindboy

Inaddition,allnondescriptive(i.e.,demonstrative,indefinite,interrogative,negative,

andpossessive)adjectivesareplacedbeforethenoun:

ceslivresthesebooks

chaquepersonneeachperson

quelstylo?whichpen?aucunefemmenowoman

monenfantmychild


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3.PlacementdependsonmeaningSomeadjectiveshavebothafigurativeandananalytic(literal)senseandcanthusbe

placedoneithersideofthenoun.Whentheadjectiveisfigurative,itgoesbeforethe

noun,andwhenit'sanalytic,itgoesafterthenoun.

Figurative: mesvertesannesmygreen(fruitful)yearsLiteral: deslgumesvertsgreenvegetables

Figurative: ungrandhommeagreatmanLiteral: unhommegrandatallman

Figurative: untristeindividuasad(meanorbad)personLiteral: unindividutristeasad(crying)person

Figurative: monanciennecolemyold(former)schoolLiteral: moncoleanciennemyold(aged)school

Figurative: uncertainregardacertain(typeof)lookLiteral: unevictoirecertaineacertain(assured)victory


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LesAdverbesTherearemanydifferenttypesofFrenchadverbs:

adverbsoffrequency adverbsofmanner adverbsofplace adverbsofquantity adverbsoftime comparative/superlativeadverbs exclamativeadverbs indefiniteadverbs interrogativeadverbs negativeadverbs

TheplacementofFrenchadverbsdependstosomeextentuponthetypeofadverbandthewordthatitismodifying.

I . Shortadverbsthatmodifyaverbusuallyfollowtheconjugatedverb.(Rememberthatincompoundtenses,theauxiliaryverbistheconjugatedverb,so

theadverbfollowsthat.)

Nousmangeonsbien.

Nousavonsbienmang.

Nousallonsbienmanger.

Weeatwell.

Weatewell.

Wewilleatwell.

Ilfaitsouventlacuisine.

Ilasouventfaitlacuisine.

Ildoitsouventfairelacuisine.

Heoftencooks.

Heoftencooked.

Heoftenhastocook.

II . Adverbsof frequencyareusuallyplacedaftertheverb.Exception: parfoisisnormallyplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.

Jefaistoujoursmesdevoirs. Ialwaysdomyhomework.

Parfois,Lucnefaitpassesdevoirs. SometimesLucdoesn'tdohis

homework.


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III . Adverbsoftimewhichrefertospecific dayscanbeplacedatthebeginningorendofthesentence.

Aujourd'hui,jevaisacheterune

voiture.

Today,I'mgoingtobuyacar.

Ellesarriverontdemain. They'llarrivetomorrow.

IV. Longadverbsareusuallyplacedatthebeginningorend ofthesentence. Gnralement,nousmangeonsavant

17h00.

Normally,weeatbefore5pm.

Jenel'aipastrouv,malheureusement. Ididn'tfindit,unfortunately.

However,ifthelongadverbspecificallymodifiestheverb,itisplacedaftertheconjugatedverb. IlaimmdiatementquittParis. HeleftParisimmediately.

V. Adverbsofplaceareusuallyfoundafterthedirectobject. Ilamistonsacdoslbas. Heputyourbackpackoverthere.

J'aitrouvlelivreici. Ifoundthebookhere.

VI. Adverbswhichmodifyadjectivesorotheradverbsareplacedinfrontof thewordtheymodify.

Jesuistrsheureuse. I'mveryhappy. Chantalfaitassezsouventsesdevoirs. Chantaldoesherhomeworkfairlyoften.

VII.

Innegativeconstructions ,adverbswhichwouldnormallyfollowtheverbareplacedafterpas .

Jemangebien==>Jenemangepas

bien.

Ieatwell==>Idon'teatwell.

Tutravaillestrop==>Tunetravailles

pastrop.

Youworktoomuch==>Youdon'twork

toomuch.


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PassComposPasscomposhasthreeEnglishequivalents:

1. Idanced.(simplepast)2. Ihavedanced.(presentperfect)3. Ididdance.(pastemphatic)

Itconsistsoftwoparts:

1. presenttenseofauxiliaryverb(avoirortre)2. pastparticipleofmainverb

PastParticipleRules ERverbs: er+(Ex.parlerparl,allerall)

IRverbs: ir+i(Ex.finirfini,choisirchoisi)

REverbs: re+u(Ex.fonderfondu,vendrevendu)

SomeIrregularParticiplesavoir eu(tohave)tret(tobe)faire fait(tomake/do)vouloirvoulu(towant)dire dit(tosay)


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Examples treverbs(motion):Jaivu.Isaw.

Tuasparl.

Youspoke.

Legaronestsorti.

Theboywentout.

avoirverbs:Whentheauxiliaryverbisavoir ,thepastparticiplemustagreewiththedirectobjectifthedirectobjectprecedesthepastparticipleinthe

sentence.*

feminine e

plural s

fem.pl. es

Leshomessontarrivs .Themenarrived.

Lesfillessontvenue s .Thegirlscame.

Noussommeslev(e)s .Wegotup.

(extraeifnousreferstoagroupoffemales)

*J'aivul a vo i t u r e .Isawthecar.Jel 'aivue .

Isawit.(referringtothecar)


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LeFuturFutureVerbEndings:

je ai

tu as

il/elle a

nous ons

vous ez

ils/elles ont

ConjugationExamples ERverbs: parler tospeak Jeparlerai.Iwillspeak.

Tuparleras.Youwillspeak.

Ilparlera.Hewillspeak.

Nousparlerons.Wewillspeak.

Vousparlerez.Youwillspeak.

Ilsparleront.Theywillspeak.

REverbs: lire toread Jelirai.Iwillread.

Tuliras.Youwillread.

IRverbs: rougir toblush Jerougirai.Iwillblush

Turougiras.Youwillblush

SentenceExamplesER Jeparleraiavecmonprofesseur.IwillspeakwithmyprofessorRE Nouslironslejournal.Wewillreadthenewspaper.IR Vousrougirezsijevousracontelablague.YouwillblushifItellthejoke.


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IrregularStemChanges

acheter(tobuy)achter appeler(tocall)appeller aller(togo)ir avoir(tohave)aur devoir(tohaveto)devr envoyer(tosend)enverressayer(totry/attempt)essaier tre(tobe)ser faire(tomake/do)fer pleuvoir(torain)pleuvr pouvoir(tobeableto)pourr savoir(toknow)saur venir(tocome)viendrvoir(tosee)verr vouloir(towant)voudr

*Note: 1.

Thefuturestemalwaysendsinr.

2. Theexactsameverbsareirregularintheconditionalandusethesamestems.


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LeConditionnel

TheFrenchconditionalismainlyusedinsi(if)clauses,toexpresswhat

wouldhappenifaconditionweremet:

Ilmangeraits'ilavaitfaim.

Hewouldeatifhewerehungry.

Sinoustudiions,nousserionsplusintelligents.

Ifwestudied,(then)wewouldbesmarter.

Theverbvouloirisusedintheconditionaltoexpressapoliterequest(However,youcan'tsay"sivousvoudriez"tomean"ifyouwouldlike,"

becausetheFrenchconditionalcanneverbeusedaftersi.):

Jevoudraisunepomme.

Iwouldlikeanapple.

Jevoudraisalleravecvous.Iwouldliketogowithyou.

Theverbaimer isusedtoexpressapolitedesire,sometimesonethatcannotbefulfilled:

J'aimeraisbienlevoir!

Iwouldreallyliketoseeit!

J'aimeraisyaller,maisjedoistravailler

Iwouldliketogo,butIhavetowork.

*Verbsintheconditionalcaseareconjugatedthesameasinthefuturetense

(includingirregularverbs)


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LImpratifIRan dREverbs:

sameconjugationsaspresenttense

Finis!Finish!(2ndperson)

Finissez!Finish!(2ndpersonplural)

Lis!Read!(2ndperson)

Lisez!Read!(2ndpersonplural)

ERverbs:

nousandvousformssameaspresenttense tuformdropsthes

Mange!Eat!(2ndperson)

Mangez!Eat!(2ndpersonplural)

Neparlepas!Dontspeak!(2ndperson)

Neparlezpas!Dontspeak!(2ndpersonplural)

IrregularVerbs

avoir tre savoir vouloir(tu) aie sois sache veuille

(n ous) ayons soyons sachons (vous) ayez soyez sachez veuillez

Meandtechangetomoiandtoiandgetlinkedwithahyphen,andwhena

tucommandisfollowedbyyoren,thesisnotdropped:

Dismoi!Tellme!

Vasy!Goaway!


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LesConjonctionsTherearetwotypesofconjunctionsinFrench:

1. Coordinatingconjunctionsjoinwordsandgroupsofwordswithanequalvalue:

Coordinatingconjunctions car for,because donc so ensuitenext et and mais but or now,yet ou or oubienorelse puis then

J'aimelespommes,lesbananes,e t lesoranges.Ilikeapples,bananas,and oranges.

VeuxtuallerenFranceou enItalie?DoyouwanttogotoFranceor Italy?

Cen'estpascarrma i s rectangulaire.It'snotsquarebut rectangular.

Jeveuxlefaire,ma i s jen'aipasd'argent.Iwanttodoit,but Idon'thaveanymoney.

Faistesdevoirs,pu i s lavelavaisselle.Doyourhomework,then washthedishes.


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CertainFrenchcoordinatingconjunctionscanberepeatedinfrontofeachofthejoineditemsforemphasis: et. . . et both...and ne. . . ni . . . nineither...nor

ou. . . oueither...or soit . . . soiteither...or

Jeconnaise t JeanPaule t sonfrre.Iknowboth JeanPauland hisbrother.

Tupeuxou regarderlatlou joueraufoot.Youcaneither watchTVor playsoccer.

So i t avant,s o i t aprs,am'estgal.Eitherbeforeor after,Idon'tcare.

Iln e mangen i lavianden i leslgumes.Heeatsneithermeatnor vegetables.

2. Subordinatingconjunctionsjoindependentclausestomainclauses:

Frenchsubordinatingconjunctions commeas,since lorsquewhen puisquesince,as quand when que that si if

J'aiditq u e j'aimelespommes.Isaidthat Ilikeapples.


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C omm e tun'espasprt,j'yiraiseul.Sinceyou'renotready,I'llgoalone.

S i jesuislibre,jet'amnerail'aroport.If I'mfree,I'lltakeyoutotheairrort.

J'aipeurq u a n d ilvoyage.Iamscaredwhen hetravels.

FrenchConjunctivePhrases ainsi quejustas,soas alorsquewhile,whereas aprsque after,when aucaso incase dansl 'hypothseointheeventthat demmequejustas dsque assoonas encorequeeventhough

parceque because pendantquewhile quandbienmmeeventhough/if sittqueassoonas supposquesupposing tandisquewhile,whereas

Ilestpartipa r c e q u 'ilavaitpeur.Heleftbecause hewasafraid.


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LesNombres

0 zro1 un2 deux3 trois4 quatre5 cinq6 six7 sept8 huit9 neuf10 dix

11 onze12 douze13 treize14 quatorze15

quinze16 seize17 dixsept18 dixhuit19 dixneuf

Pronunciationnote:

TheconsonantsattheendoftheFrenchnumberscinq,six,huit,anddixarepronouncedwhenattheendofasentenceorinfrontofavowel.

However,theydropthefinalsoundwhenfollowedbyawordbeginning

withaconsonant(suchascent,mille,million,mois,orlivres).For

example,huitisnormallypronounced[weet]andhuitlvesis[wee

taylehv],but800ispronounced[weesa(n)].


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FortheFrenchnumbers20through59,countingisjustlikeinEnglish:

thetensword(vingt,trente,quarante,etc.)followedbytheonesword

(un,deux,trois).Theonlydifferenceisthatfor21,31,etc.,theword

et(and)isintroducedbetweenthetenswordandone:vingtetun,trenteetun,quaranteetun,etc.:

20 vingt21 vingtetun22 vingtdeux23 vingttrois

30 trente31 trenteetun32 trentedeux

40 quarante41 quaranteetun

50 cinquante51 cinquanteetun

TheFrenchnumbers60to69followthesamerulesas20to59:

60 soixante61 soixanteetun62 soixantedeux63 soixantetrois64 soixantequatre65 soixantecinq66 soixantesix67 soixantesept68 soixantehuit69 soixanteneuf


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Butthenwhen70rollsaround,insteadofanew"tens"word,soixanteis

keptandthe"ones"wordcontinuescountingfrom10:

70 soixantedix71 soixanteetonze72 soixantedouze73 soixantetreize74 soixantequatorze75 soixantequinze76 soixanteseize77 soixantedixsept78

soixantedixhuit79 soixantedixneuf

So70,soixantedixinFrench,isliterally"sixtyten".71issoixanteet

onze(sixtyandeleven),72issoixantedouze(sixtytwelve),andsoon,

upto79.

Thereisnowordfor"eighty"instandardFrench.Instead80isquatre

vingts,literallyfourtwenties(think"fourscore").81isquatrevingtun(fourtwentyone),82isquatrevingtdeux(fourtwentytwo),andsoon,

allthewayupto89:

80 quatrevingts81 quatrevingtun82 quatrevingtdeux83 quatrevingttrois84 quatrevingtquatre85 quatrevingtcinq86 quatrevingtsix87 quatrevingtsept88 quatrevingthuit89 quatrevingtneuf


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There'snowordforninetyeither,soyoucontinueusingquatrevingtand

addingfromten.90isquatrevingtdix(fourtwentyten),91isquatre

vingtonze(fourtwentyeleven),etc:

90 quatrevingtdix91 quatrevingtonze92 quatrevingtdouze93 quatrevingttreize94 quatrevingtquatorze95 quatrevingtquinze96 quatrevingtseize97 quatrevingtdixsept98 quatrevingtdixhuit99 quatrevingtdixneuf

InFrench,100to999workjustlikeinEnglishjustsayhowmany

hundredsandthenaddtheothernumbers.Notethatwhencentisatthe

endofthenumber,ittakesans,butwhenit'sfollowedbyanother

number,thesisdropped:

100 cent101 centun125 centvingtcinq200 deuxcents201 deuxcentun243 deuxcentquarantetrois2,000 deuxmille2,500 deuxmillecinqcents10,498 dixmillequatrecentquatrevingtdixhuit1,000,000 unmillion2,000,000 deuxmillions3,800,107 troismillionshuitcentmillecentseptabil l ionunmilliard


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Couleurs, Formes, et GrosseursColors

masc. sing. fem.sing. masc. plural fem.plural

purple violet violette violets violettesblue bleu bleue bleus bleuesgreen vert verte verts vertesyellow jaune jaune jaunes jaunesorange orange orange orange orangered rouge rouge rouges rougesblack noir noire noirs noireswhite blanc blanche blancs blanchesgrey gris grise gris grisesbrown marron marron marron marronpink rose rose roses roseslightblue bleuclair bleuclair bleuclair bleuclairdarkblue bleufonc bleufonc bleufonc bleufonc

Shapes

circle lecercleoval lovale

sq uare lecarrrectangle lerectangle

triangle letriangleheart lecoeurstar ltoile

Sizes

big grand(e),gros(se)small petit(e)


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Lesmotionschoqu(e) shockedcoquin(e) mischievouscoupable guiltydbordant(e)devie exuberantdgoutant(e) disgustingdprim(e) depressedeffray(e) scaredennuy(e) boredpuis(e) exhaustedexaspr(e) exasperated,aggravatedextatique ecstaticfach(e) angryfrustr(e) frustratedgen(e) uncomfortable,embarrassedheureux(euse) happyhonteux(euse) ashamedhystrique hystericaljaloux(ouse) jealousplein(e)d'espoir hopefulprtentieux(euse) pretentiousprudent(e) prudentsolitarie loneysoupconneux(euse) suspicioussur(e)desoi sureofoneself/selfconfidentsurpris(e) surprisedtimide timidtriste sadtroubl(e) disturbed,bothered


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LesExpressionsCourantes

Bon j o u r Hello(alsoGoodmorning/afternoon)Bon s o i r GoodeveningBonne n u i t GoodnightAu r e v o i r GoodbyeOu i YesN on NoPeu t t r e MaybeCommen t t a p p e l l e s t u ? Whatsyourname?J e m a pp e l l e MynameisS i l v ous p l a t PleaseMe r c i ThankyouMer c i b e a u coup ThankyouverymuchDe r i e n YourewelcomeCommen t a v a s ? Howareyou?T r s b i e n Verywell(good)Comme c i c omme a sosoE x c u s e z mo i ExcusemeBonne c h a n c e GoodluckI l y a Thereis/areJ e n e c omp r e nd s p a s IdontunderstandJ e n e s a i s p a s IdontknowD so l SorryO ? Where?Qua nd ? When?Commen t ? How?Pou r quo i ? Why?Qu i ? Who?O e s t ? Whereis?Comb i e n ? Howmuch/many?D a c c o r d OkayAu j ou r d hu i TodayDema i n TomorrowH i e r Yesterday

notes de français

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