l’utilisation civile des drones - problèmes techniques, opérationnels et juridiques

5/16/2018 L utilisation civile des drones - probl mes techniques, op rationnels et jur...

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lutilisation-civile-des-drones-problemes-techniques-operationn

O`{w g`ffkoìòw é cîg`{x}n} bkw îo`}fkw y`&skosndbnsîw ckw c}òkw" gkw yksnsw dî}òkhw oòedmnsîw" sîbî ynb`sîw" y`{} ckw {snbnwdsnòw gnxnbkwg`ffk bd w{}xknbbdogk ck b„koxn}òokfkos" ckw

g{bs{}kw" ckw h`{bkw îldbkfkos fdnw d{wwn ckwhk{u ck h`}ês" ckw `{x}dlkw c„d}s" ckw f`{xk&fkosw ko fk} ks ckw bnk{u ck yêgek… @} gkw dy&ybngdsnòw òs c{ fdb é wk cîxkb`yyk} y`{} ckw}dnwòw skgeont{kw ks }îlbkfkosdn}kw" kos}k d{&s}kw" t{n h}knokos bk{} cîxkb`yykfkos/

Bkw c}òkw }îyòckos é yb{wnk{}w dyykbbdsnòw :[DX y`{} [ofdookc Dk}ndb Xkengbk `{ kog`}k[DW y`{} [ofdookc Dk}ndb W~wskf gk t{n yk}&fks ck fòs}k} t{k gk xkgsk{} dî}nko w„nowå}k`mbnlds`n}kfkos cdow {o }îwkd{/ @o {snbnwk îldbk&

fkos bk sk}fk ]YD y`{} ]kf`skb~ Ynb`skc Dn}&g}dhs : dî}òkh oò edmnsî ynb`sî é cnwsdogk/

Nos}`c{gsnòGkssk o`sk xnwk é dodb~wk} bk gòskusk ck b„nosî&l}dsnò ckw c}òkw cdow bkw w~wsåfkw h}doìdnw ks

k{}`yîkow ck w{}xknbbdogk" ck wîg{}nsî ks ck wd{& xkld}ck nosî}nk{}k" c„{ok fdonå}k lîoî}dbk/ Kbbkw„dssdgek é ydwwk} ko }kx{k" dy}åw {o }dyykb ckwfnwwnòw t{n w„~ }dssdgekos" bkw kojk{u `yî}dsnò&okbw" skgeont{kw ks j{}ncnt{kw t{n wk y`wkos" sdoscdow bkw fnbnk{u gnxnb t{k fnbnsdn}k b`}wt{k gkck}onk} {snbnwk b„kwydgk dî}nko lîoî}db/

]dyykb ckw fnwwnòw ckw c}òkwBkw {snbnwdsnòw ckw c}òkw cdow bkw fnwwnòwc{dbkw" g„kws&é&cn}k gnxnbkw `{ fnbnsdn}kw wòs

o`fm}k{wkw ks bk gedfy c„dyybngdsnò é bòl sk}&fk o„kws ydw kog`}k s}åw mnko gk}oî/ Cdow bkwfnwwnòw dgs{kbbkw" ò yk{s gnsk} :

o`sk o¹9844

L G D % = W . F n g e k b D w k o g n `

Gek}gek{} dww`gnî é bd Hòcdsnò y`{}

bd ]kgek}gek Ws}dsîlnt{k

B„{snbnwdsnò gnxnbk ckw c}òkw

& y}`mbåfkw skgeont{kw" `yî}dsnòokbw

ks j{}ncnt{kw & O`sk c{ =5 fd}w =995" fnwk é j`{} bk 8 j{no =944.



=

Bd w{}xknbbdogk ks b,`mwk}xdsnò %îs{ckw wgnkosnhn&t{kw" w{}xknbbdogk ck b„koxn}òokfkos" w{}xknb&bdogk c,{}lkogk ks y}`skgsnò gnxnbk. yk{xkos îld&bkfkos nogb{}k ckw fnwwnòw ck s}dowy`}s ks cks}dxdnb dî}nko g`ffk bd y}nwk ck x{kw ckwsnoîkwd{u dyybngdsnòw wdow gkwwk g}`nwwdosk ck b,nfd&lk}nk fdnw d{wwn b,îydocdlk é ckw hnow dl}ng`bkw ks

ckw fnwwnòw wyîgnhnt{kw %s}dowy`}s ck ged}lkww`{w îbnol{k" }kgek}gek ks wd{xksdlk" w`{snko éb„dnck e{fdonsdn}k. t{n }kww`}snwwkos cdxdosdlkc,{ok {snbnwdsnò y}nxîk ‗ ks còg g`ffk}gndbk ‗t{,kugb{wnxkfkos y{mbnt{k/

@o yk{s dj`{sk} cdow bd bnwsk oò bnfnsdsnxk ckb„kfyb`n y`wwnmbk ckw c}òkw : bd }kgòodnwwdogkd{&ckww{w ckw h}òsnå}kw" b„îxdb{dsnò ckw c`f&fdlkw" bd w{}xknbbdogk ckw hk{u ck h`}ês" ckw bn&lokw îbkgs}nt{kw é ed{sk skownò" ckw x`nkw ckgekfno ck hk}" bk w{}x`b ckw }îlnòw îb`nloîkw"

fòsdlok{wkw ks yk{ dggkwwnmbkw" ckw zòkw ckyêgek ks ckw }`{skw fd}nsnfkw s}åw h}ît{kosîkw kscdolk}k{wkw" bkw onxkd{u ck y`bb{snò dsf`wyeî&}nt{k `{ ko fk}" bd w{}xknbbdogk c{ s}dhng }`{snk}"bkw s}dgîw sk}}kws}kw ks bd gd}s`l}dyenk///

Cdow bk c`fdnok ck bd wîg{}nsî odsnòdbk" bkwc}òkw yk}fkss}dnkos ckw dfîbn`}dsnòw ck gdyd&gnsîw yd} {o }koh`}gkfkos ck bd xdbk{} c{ }kowkn&lokfkos d{ yb{w y}åw c{ skfyw }îkb 1 {o w`{snkoé b„`}c}k y{mbng ks é bd wîg{}nsî ckw yk}wòokw ksckw mnkow" bd w{}xknbbdogk ck l}docw îxîokfkosw`{ ck fdonhkwsdsnòw 1 {o oŗ{c }kbdnw y`{} bkw

s}dowfnwwnòw b`gdbkw ko fnbnk{ cnhhngnbk 1 b„îxd&b{dsnò ckw c`ffdlkw ko skfyw t{dwn }îkb 1 bd}kgòodnwwdogk y`{} fkok} ckw `yî}dsnòw wko&wnmbkw `{ cdolk}k{wkw y`{} b„e`ffk 1 bk w`{snkoé b„kogk}gbkfkos ks é bd fnwk ko nw`bkfkos c„{okzòk///

Ko ybkno cîmds w{} b„nffnl}dsnò ko =99<" bdGedfm}k ckw }ky}îwkosdosw dfî}ngdnow d ckfdo&cî d{ Cîyd}skfkos ck bd Cîhkowk %C`C. ks d{CEW %Ckyd}sfkos `h E`fkbdoc Wkg{}ns~. ckw„koskoc}k y`{} îbd}ln} b„{snbnwdsnò ckw c}òkwfnbnsdn}kw é bd fnwwnò ck w{}xknbbdogk ckw h}ò&snå}kw/ X{ bk onxkd{ c„noxkwsnwwkfkos doo{kb cdowbkw w~wsåfkw ck c}òkw c{ C`C" ck b„`}c}k ck=/; Fc#" bkw }ky}îwkosdosw kwsnfkos t{k bkw w~w&såfkw ks skgeo`b`lnkw cîxkb`yyîw c`nxkos s}`{& xk} {o {wdlk c{db/ C„d{sdos t{k bkw c}òkw fnbn&sdn}kw ko wk}xngk `{ ko cîxkb`yykfkos y`wwåckoss`{skw bkw t{dbnsîw ks bkw yk}h`}fdogkw }kt{nwkwy`{} dww{}k} bd fnwwnò ck w{}xknbbdogk h}òsdbnå&}k : koc{}dogk" gdysk{}w ck }kgòodnwwdogk îbkg&s}`&`ysnt{k j`{}o{ns" x`n}k }dcd} é `{xk}s{}kw~oseîsnt{k %WD]. s`{s skfyw dxkg ckw g`ñsw c„{&

snbnwdsnò }îc{nsw/ Gkbd w„kws s}dc{ns" yd} kukfybk"yd} bk w{}x`b ckw h}òsnå}kw dfî}ngdo`&fkungdnokks gdodcnkook yd} ckw c}òkw FDBK %s~yk Y}k&cds`}. `{ EDBK %s~yk Lb`mdb Ed|a./

D{s}k kukfybk" bk y}`l}dffk Ckky \dsk} y`{}bd ld}ck gósnå}k dfî}ngdnok d dgt{nw y}åw ck t{d&s}k xnols c}òkw y`{} bd w{}xknbbdogk fd}nsnfk ks}kbkxk} bkw o`{xkd{u cîhnw ck wîg{}nsî : `mwk}xd&snò ckw ynykbnokw ck yîs}`bk ks ck ldz" w{}xknb&bdogk ck gd}ldnwòw cdolk}k{wkw" cîynwsdlk ck x`bw ck gòs}kmdock" c„dgskw ck yn}dsk}nk fd}nsn&

fk fdnw d{wwn cîg`{xk}skw ck o`{xkbbkw w`{}gkwc,kd{" ck xkwsnlkw d}geî`b`lnt{kw" ck hnbòw ckfdsnå}kw y}kfnå}kw ̀ { ck g`fm{wsnmbk///

Bkw ît{nykfkosw kfy`}sîw yd} bkw c}òkw wòsyd}sng{bnå}kfkos dcdysîw d{wwn d{ w{}x`b ck fd&onhkwsdsnòw }dwwkfmbdos yb{wnk{}w fnbbnk}w ckyk}wòokw/ Ko gdw ck cîm`}ckfkos" nbw yk{xkosnckosnhnk} }dynckfkos ks w{nx}k l}ígk é bk{}w gd&fî}dw kfmd}t{îkw" bkw îfk{snk}w `{ bkw gdw&wk{}w/ Y`{} b„nowsdos" bd ok{s}dbnwdsnò `{ b„nff`& mnbnwdsnò ck gkw yk}s{}mdsk{}w wk hdns yd} b„nosk}&

fîcndn}k ck y`bngnk}w `{ lkocd}fkw d{ w`b fdnwnb yk{s&ês}k koxnwdlî" g`ffk y`{} bkw îydocdlkwdl}ng`bkw" ck y}`jksk} c{ ldz bdg}~f`låok" yd}kukfybk" ko sdos t{„d}fk oò bîsdbk/

Fdnw b„{snbnwdsnò ckw c}òkw y}îwkosk kog`}k ckwbdg{okw }îcenmns`n}kw t{k bd skgeont{k w„khh`}gkck l`ffk} wdow yd}xkon} s`{skh`nw é w{yy}nfk}s`sdbkfkos :

Bkw c}òkw sdgsnt{kw ‗ ck fdwwk nohî}nk{}k é gno&t{dosk anb`l}dffkw ‗ ks d h`}sn`}n bkw fnon c}`&okw mkd{g`{y yb{w yksnsw" y}îwkoskos ckw x{boî&}dmnbnsîw nos}nowåt{kw t{n bnfnskos bk{} {snbnwd&snò : hdnmbk hndmnbnsî" w`{w&f`s`}nwdsnò c„`þ {okwkownmnbnsî d{u gòcnsnòw fîsî`}`b`lnt{kw ks koyd}sng{bnk} d{u }dhdbkw ck xkos ko fnbnk{ {}mdno‗ wdow g`fysk} bkw îxîokfkosw gbnfdsnt{kwgòs}dnlodosw t{n yk{xkos w{}xkon} cdow bk gdc}kc„{o hk{ ck h`}ês cdow bd yd}snk w{c ck bd H}dogk`{ ko G`}wk ‗" bkw yk}skw ck bndnwò kos}k b„dî}`&okh ks bd wsdsnò ck gòs}óbk wòs d{wwn {ok gd{wkc„dss}nsnò nfy`}sdosk/ C„d{s}k yd}s" ko g`f&ybkunhndos bk w~wsåfk ck sîbîg`ff{ongdsnòwcdow bkt{kb nbw wòs nowî}îw" bkw c}òkw yk{xkos

h}dlnbnwk} bk }îwkd{ c„noh`}fdsnò ks dgg}`ïs}k bkwnosk}hî}kogkw yd}dwnskw/

[o nogòxîonkos fdjk{} y`{} bkw c}òkw é {wdlkgnxnb kws t{k gkw dî}òkhw oò edmnsîw ok wòs ydwkog`}k ¡ bnm}kw ± ck x`bk} cdow {o kwydgk dî}nko¡ oò wîl}îl{î ±" g,kws&é&cn}k oò cîbnfnsî koskfyw ks ko x`b{fk/ Gk t{n kws {o h}kno é bd cn& xk}wnhngdsnò ckw {snbnwdsnòw/ Nb kws x}dn gkyko&cdos t{„ko wk bnfnsdos é {ok s}åw mdwwk dbsns{ck%nohî}nk{}k é 4 ;99 hs ‗ ;99 fås}kw. ks ko ok cî&ydwwdos ydw {o gk}sdno y`ncw %2 ;9 al." bkw fnonks fng}` c}òkw yk{xkos w„dhh}dogen} ck gkssk }å&

lbk gòs}dnlodosk/ Yd} gòs}k" nbw wòs kuy`wîw ko x`bdos s}åw mdw ks ko fnbnk{ {}mdno" é ckw yeîo`&fåokw dî}`b`lnt{kw xn`bkosw ks é {o wykgs}k ckh}ît{kogkw w{}wds{}î `þ bkw nosk}hî}kogkw wòs



7

o`fm}k{wkw ks bkw }nwt{kw ck yk}sk ck s}dowfnw&wnòw îbkxîkw/ Yeîo`fåokw t{n wk s}dc{nwkos hd&sdbkfkos yd} bd yk}sk c{ c}òk ks ckw gòwît{ko&gkw w{} bkw yk}wòokw ks bkw mnkow/

Bd hndmnbnsî ks bkw g`ñsw ckw c}òkw

Hndmnbnsî ckw c}òkwNb ~ d t{kbt{kw dooîkw" bkw dodb~wskw y`nosdnkosc{ c`nls bd fd{xdnwk hndmnbnsî ckw c}òkw/

Y`{} bkw y}kfnå}kw lîoî}dsnòw c„dî}òkhw oòedmnsîw" bk sd{u c„dss}nsnò îsdns khhkgsnxkfkoss}åw nfy`}sdos ks fêfk w„nb d bd}lkfkos cîg}ñdxkg bkw o`{xkbbkw lîoî}dsnòw ck fdgenokw" t{ny`{}sdos wk g`fybkunhnkos" nb }kwsk dgs{kbbkfkosd{ f`now cnu h`nw w{yî}nk{} é gk{u ckw dxnòwedmnsîw/

Bkw gd{wkw ck yk}skw c„[DX nfybnt{dnkos y`{}

79 + bk gòs}óbk c{ x`b %cîg`bbdlkdssk}}nwwdlk. 1bd f`s`}nwdsnò îsdns nog}nfnoîk cdow =; + ckwgdw" bkw k}}k{}w e{fdnokw ok g`fysdnkos t{ky`{} =; +" bk }kwsk gògk}odos bkw g`ff{ongd&snòw" b„îok}lnk4…

Bd hndmnbnsî skgeont{k ckw w`{w&w~wsåfkw [DX kwskog`}k bd}lkfkos yk}hkgsnmbk y`{} dssknoc}k bkwy`{}gkosdlkw c„dss}nsnò c„{o dxnò edmnsî `þ bkwgd{wkw c„dggnckos wòs noxk}wîkw : <; + c{kw éckw k}}k{}w e{fdnokw ks =; + nfy{sdmbkw é ckwgd{wkw skgeont{kw `{ é b„koxn}òokfkos c{ x`b/ Dxkg bd fds{}nsî ckw w~wsåfkw" bd hndmnbnsî ckw

[DX ok ckx}dns ydw ês}k s}åw cnhhî}kosk ckw on& xkd{u dssknosw yd} bkw dxnòw edmnsîw ko yedwkwsdmnbnwîk c„kuyb`nsdsnò ks ckx}dns còg w„dfîbn`&}k} wkownmbkfkos=/ Ckw y}`l}åw òs îsî nogòskw&sdmbkfkos ko}klnws}îw fdnw bk sd{u c„dss}nsnòc„{o c}òk }kwsk fdbl}î s`{s s}`nw é t{ds}k h`nww{yî}nk{} é {o dxnò edmnsî/ Bd hndmnbnsî ckw fnonks fng}` c}òkw }kwsk}d wdow c`{sk hdnmbk y`{}ckw }dnwòw c„noxkwsnwwkfkos ks ck g`ñs ck cîxk&b`yykfkos/ X{ bkw y}nu c„dgt{nwnsnò" bk gògkysck ¡ jksdmnbnsî ± bk{} kws yb{w hdgnbkfkos dyybngd& mbk

Bkw g`ñsw ckw c}òkwHd{sk c„kuyb`nsdsnò `yî}dsnòokbbk khhkgsnxk" nbkws cnhhngnbk ck cîhnon} kudgskfkos bk g`ñs ck y`w&wkwwnò c„{o c}òk é {wdlk gnxnb ks ck bk g`fyd&}k} é gkb{n c„{o dxnò bîlk} `{ c„{o eîbng`yså}k/

Yd} gòs}k" ò g`ffkogk é y`wwîck} gk}sdnowgenhh}kw y`{} bkw c}òkw é {wdlk fnbnsdn}k/ C„d&y}åw {o }dyy`}s K[@ ck =99;" bkw c}òkw yk}&fkss}dnkos ck }dsnòdbnwk} é hdnmbk g`ñs bkw d}&fîkw ck b„Dn} ko }ksn}dos b„îbîfkos e{fdno ks koîbnfnodos bkw cîykowkw dww`gnîkw" gk t{n wkfmbkh}dyyî d{ g`no c{ mò wkow fdnw ydw h`}gîfkoskudgs/ D{j`{}c„e{n ko wns{dsnò `yî}dsnòokbbk ko Dhledonwsdo" bkw w~wsåfkw nosî}nfdn}kw s~yk Ed}&

hdol y`{} b„d}fîk ck b„Dn} `{ Wyk}|k} y`{} b„d}&fîk ck Sk}}k g`ñskos d{wwn gek} é b„ek{}k ck x`bt{„{o dxnò ]dhdbk `{ {o eîbng`yså}k Snl}k/ Fdnwcdow gkssk mdsdnbbk ck genhh}kw" nb kws c`{sk{ut{„ò g`fyd}k ckw ge`wkw g`fyd}dmbkw/ C„dy}åwbkw Dfî}ngdnow" bd h`}fdsnò c„{o ynb`sk ck gedw&wk }ky}îwkosk}dns ck 4= é 43 + c{ y}nu s`sdb c„{o

H48/ Ck gk hdns" bk fòsdos c„{ok ek{}k ck x`bc„{o c}òk wk}dns 45 h`nw nohî}nk{} é gkbbk c„{oJWH H7;/

Cdow {o }dyy`}s ck =99> w{} bkw c}òkw" bd g`f&fnwwnò ck bd cîhkowk odsnòdbk dxdns kwsnfî t{kbk g`ñs ck x`b y`{} {o c}òk koc{}dos w„îsdmbnw&wdns d{u dbkos`{}w ck ; 999 k{}`w ks y`{}}dnsîxkos{kbbkfkos wk wsdmnbnwk} cdow {ok h`{}geksskg`fy}nwk kos}k 7 999 ks ; 999 k{}`w/ D b„ek{}kdgs{kbbk" wn bkw Ksdsw&[onw yd}xkodnkos é `yî}k}ckw kolnow ck s~yk Y}kcds`}&M y`{} {o g`ñs c„ko&

xn}ò 7 899 c`bbd}wek{}k" bd H}dogk îsdnsgòs}dnosk ck cîykowk} ‗ cdow bk gdc}k c{ gòhbnsko Dhledonwsdo ‗ 4= 899 c`bbd}w yd} ek{}k ck x`bc{ WNCF Ed}hdol ko xk}s{ c„{o gòs}ds ydwwîdxkg KDCW/ Gk gòs}ds g`fy}koc ko khhks b„ko&wkfmbk ckw y}kwsdsnòw ck w`{snko ck b„dyyd}knb :w`{snko skgeont{k ks b`lnwsnt{k" fdnoskodogk"}kgedolkw" s}dnskfkos c„`mw`bkwgkogkw ks s}dxd{uc`g{fkosdn}kw/ Gk gòs}ds" gògb{s y`{} 3 dow"w„îbåxk é >8"7 fnbbnòw c„k{}`w g`{x}dos {o s`sdbck < 899 ek{}kw ck x`b7/

Wdow kus}dy`bk} ck fdonå}k s}`y eísnxk y`{} bk

c`fdnok gnxnb" t{kbt{kw genhh}kw yk}fksskos ckhnuk} bkw `}c}kw ck l}dock{}w/

& Dxkg bk{}w H48 cîyb`~îw ko N}da ks ko Dhl&edonwsdo" bkw Dfî}ngdnow wòs ko s}dno ck hdn}kbk{}w g`fyskw ks nbw skockos é }kfybdgk} bkwdxnòw ynb`sîw yd} ckw [DX d}fîw ‗ Y}kcds`} M]kdyk}/ G„kws {o wnlok t{n ok s}`fyk ydw ko fd&snå}k ck }dyy`}s g`ñskhhngdgnsî/

& Bk g`ñs c„kfyb`n yd} ek{}k c{ D&8< C}d&lò %dxnò c}ònwî d{u Ksdsw&[onw. kws ck =59c`bbd}w gòs}k 799 c`bbd}w y`{} bk W{yk} S{gdo`

%dxnò ck h`}fdsnò ks c„kos}dïokfkos bîlk}."koxn}ò ; 999 c`bbd}w y`{} {o eîbng`yså}k c„dssd&t{k ks 4 999 c`bbd}w y`{} {o [DX Y}kcds`} D/

& Ko H}dogk" ò sdmbk w{} {o g`ñs ck 599 ₢ yd} ek{}k ck x`b y`{} {o dxnò bîlk} ynb`sî y`{}w{}xknbbk} {o îxîokfkos b`gdb s~yk G`{yk c{fòck ck h``smdbb `{ ck }{lm~" gòs}k {o fnbbnk}c„k{}`w y`{} {o eîbng`yså}k/

Nb kws nogòskwsdmbk t{„dxkg bd fnonds{}nwdsnòckw g`fy`wdosw îbkgs}ònt{kw ks b„d{lfkosdsnòck bd y{nwwdogk îok}lîsnt{k yd} {onsî ck x`b{fk"

{o c}òk ck w{}xknbbdogk kws ko fkw{}k c„kfmd}&t{k} bkw gdysk{}w c„{o dxnò bîlk} y`{} {o g`ñsf`noc}k é b„ek{}k ck x`b/ B`}wt{k bkw kunlkogkwck wîg{}nsî wk}òs fnk{u cîhnonkw ks t{k bkw }k&s`{}w c„kuyî}nkogkw wk}òs fnk{u kuyb`nsîw" bk



3

g`ñs é b„ek{}k ck x`b ckx}dns ês}k }îkbbkfkos éb,dxdosdlk ckw w~wsåfkw oò edmnsîw/

Bd y}`mbîfdsnt{k ck b,nosîl}dsnòcdow bd Gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook lîoî&}dbkB,nowk}snò ckw c}òkw" gnxnb `{ fnbnsdn}k" cdow bdgn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook oîgkwwnsk t{k gkw w~wsåfkww`nkos gk}snhnîw `{ d{s`}nwîw é x`bk} ks t{k ckw}ålbkw ck gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook wyîgnhnt{kw w`nkoscîhnonkw c{ hdns ckw cnhhng{bsîw t{,nbw w`{båxkos kofdsnå}k ck }nwt{k ck g`bbnwnò dxkg bkw d{s}kw dî&}òkhw/ Bd gk}snhngdsnò ck odxnldmnbnsî kws {ok}kgòodnwwdogk" yd} bkw d{s`}nsîw y{mbnt{kw g`f&yîskoskw" t{k bk w~wsåfk ck c}òk kws gòh`}fkd{u kunlkogkw yk}fkssdos ck }kfybdgk} b,ŗnb c{ynb`sk y`{} dyybnt{k} bd }ålbk c„`} ¡X`n} ks Kxn&sk}±" geå}k d{u odxnldosw ks é b„@DGN/ Bd h`}fd&snò ks bd t{dbnhngdsnò c{ ynb`sk `yî}dsk{} c`n& xkos îldbkfkos ês}k cîhnonkw/ Wk{bk" bd gòxko&snò ck Gengdl` y}îx`ns" ko wò d}sngbk 5" t{k¡ gedt{k Ksds gòs}dgsdos w,koldlk é gk t{k bkx`b c„dî}òkh wdow ynb`sk Qw`ns wdowV cdolk} y`{} bkw dî}òkhw gnxnbw ±/

Bk gdw ckw c}òkw gnxnbw d îsî s}dnsî c„{ok hdìòs}åw }kws}ngsnxk b`}w ck bd fnwk d{ y`nos ck bdGòxkosnò ck Gengdl`/ Gkssk }kws}ngsnò w„kuybn&t{k yd} bk hdns t{„nb d îsî gòwncî}î t{k b„dxndsnòlîoî}dbk ok wk cîxkb`yyk}dns t{k wn g„îsdns {o

f`~ko ck s}dowy`}s wñ} ks ko hdnwdos }ky`wk} bdwîg{}nsî w{} bk ynb`sk/ Yd} gòwît{kos" b`}wt{„nbo„~ d ydw ck ynb`sk é m`}c" nb d îsî kwsnfî t{k bdwîg{}nsî ok y`{xdns yb{w ês}k dww{}îk/

Wn bkw c}òkw ckxdnkos ês}k kfyb`~îw fdwwnxk&fkos cdow bk wkgsk{} gnxnb" {ok }îlbkfkosdsnòwk}dns còg oîgkwwdn}k ko fdsnå}k ck odxnldmnbnsîckw dî}òkhw ks ck gn}g{bdsnò ck gkw ck}onk}w" k{îld}c d{u }nwt{kw yd}sng{bnk}w bnîw é bk{}w îx`b{&snòw ‗ nfy`wwnmnbnsî c„dyybnt{k} ybknokfkos bkgògkys ¡ X`n} ks Kxnsk} ± cdow b„îsds ck b„d}s dg&s{kb ‗ o`sdffkos ks wk y`wk d{wwn b„{onh`}fnwd&snò k{}`yîkook ck bd t{dbnhngdsnò ckw ynb`skw%m}kxksw ks bngkogkw é cîskon}./

Ko dyybngdsnò ckw skuskw ck gn}g{bdsnò dgs{kbbk&fkos dyybngdmbkw" b„d}}êsî c{ 7 fd}w =998 %}ålbkwck b„dn}. hdns `mbnldsnò é b„`yî}dsk{} ck b„[DW c{}kwykgs ck gkssk }îlbkfkosdsnò : ¡ X`n} ks îxn&sk} ±" îgbdn}dlkw" ed{sk{} ck w{}x`b ckw dllb`fî&}dsnòw ks ckw }dwwkfmbkfkosw ck yk}wòokw" ksg/

Nb o„kunwsk kog`}k d{j`{}c„e{n d{g{ok }îlbkfko&sdsnò w{} bd gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook ckw c}òkw" onck g`ck ck odxnldmnbnsî" d{ onxkd{ k{}`yîko/ [o

s}dxdnb g`ff{o kos}k K{}`gòs}`b" b,Dlkogk K{&}`yîkook ck Wîg{}nsî Dî}nkook %DKWD." bkw cn}kg&snòw lîoî}dbkw ckw dxndsnòw gnxnbkw dnown t{k bkwfnonwså}kw ck bd Cîhkowk ckw =< yd~w ck b,[onò

K{}`yîkook" }kwsk còg é fkok} y`{} ed}fòn&wk} bkw y}`mbåfkw y`wîw yd} bd odxnldsnò ck gkwdî}òkhw/

B„d}}êsî c{ =4 fd}w =99< ¡ }kbdsnh d{u dî}òkhwoò edmnsîw t{n îx`b{kos ko x{k cn}kgsk ck bk{}`yî}dsk{} 3±" s`{j`{}w ko xnl{k{} ks t{n d dm}`lîgkb{n ck 4>58" cnwsnol{k d{wwn ck{u gdsîl`}nkwc„dî}`f`cåbkw D %fdwwk 2 =;al ks ckw gd}dgsî}nw&snt{kw ck f`s`}nwdsnò. ks M s`{w bkw d{s}kw f`&cåbkw %f 2 ;9al. fdnw t{n ok s}dnsk t{k ck b„d{&s`}nwdsnò ck x`b cîbnx}îk yd} b„`}ldonwfk g`fyî&skos %b,Dlkogk K{}`yîkook ck Wîg{}nsî Dî}nkook%DKWD. y`{} bk gnxnb 1 Cîbîldsnò Lîoî}dbk ckb„D}fkfkos %CLD. y`{} bd Cîhkowk wòs g`fyî&skoskw y`{} bkw dî}òkhw ck fdwwk w{yî}nk{}k é4;9 al. ks oò ck gk}snhngdsnò/ @o yk{s còg cî&g`bbk} ks hdn}k ck b„dî}`f`cîbnwfk é x{k" wnoò nbhd{s ̀ mbnlds`n}kfkos ¡ wîl}îl{k} ± b„kwydgk/

Bkw c}òkw ks bd }îlbkfkosdsnò dî}nkookBkw kunlkogkw é b„nosîl}dsnò c„{o dî}òkh é b„kw&ydgk dî}nko }ky`wkos w{} bd Gòxkosnò ck Gengd&l` %4>33. ks bkw }ålbkw îcngsîkw yd} b„@}ldonwdsnò Dxndsnò Gnxnbk Nosk}odsnòdbk %@DGN./ Kbbkw }k&y`wkos w{} t{ds}k d}sngbkw fdjk{}w t{n gòwsn&s{kos bkw ynbnk}w ck bd wîg{}nsî dî}nkook :

B„d}sngbk 74 ck bd Gòxkosnò ck Gengdl` t{n now&sd{}k bk gk}snhngds ck odxnldmnbnsî" gk t{n y`wk bdt{kwsnò c{ fdnosnko s`{s d{ bòl ck bd xnk ck

b„dî}òkh c{ bdmkb ¡ odxnldmnbnsî gòsno{k ±/ Cdowbk c`fdnok ck bd odxnldmnbnsî ks c{ ynb`sdlk" s`{sdî}òkh c`ns dx`n} {o c`g{fkos ck odxnldmnbnsîko îsds ck xdbncnsî %G`ck ck b„Dxndsnò Gnxnbk GDGd}sngbkw ]/477&4&=. 1

B„d}sngbk 7= t{n yd}bk ckw m}kxksw ks bngkogkw édgt{î}n} yd} bkw ît{nydlkw 1

B„d}sngbk 4= t{n hnuk bkw }ålbkw ck b„dn} ks bkw kf&y`}sw c„ît{nykfkosw ck gòh`}fnsî oîgkwwdn}kw%s}dowyòck{}" SGDW" DCW&M;…./

@o yk{s }dyykbk} d{wwn t{k b„d}sngbk 5 ck bd

Gòxkosnò ck Gengdl` nos}`c{ns y`{} bd y}kfnå&}k h`nw bd o`snò ynb`sbkww dn}g}dhs ‗ dî}òkh wdowynb`sk é m`}c ks t{„nb c`ns ês}k w`{fnw é {ok d{s`&}nwdsnò wyîgndbk ck x`b/

Cåw b„dooîk =99<" bk g`}y{w }îlbkfkosdn}k y`{}bkw c}òkw îsdns g`fybks ko H}dogk ks bkw o`}fkwkunwsdnkos fdnw bkw dî}òkhw oò edmnsîw o„òss`{j`{}w ydw bkw ît{nykfkosw t{n }îyòckos és`{skw bkw kunlkogkw/ B„{snbnwdsnò ckw c}òkwg`ffk dî}òkhw c„Ksds ko kwydgkw wîl}îl{îw%cdow ckw x`b{fkw mnko cîhnonw. kws khhkgsnxk&fkos g`{xk}sk yd} {ok wî}nk ck skuskw fdnw b„no&

wk}snò ckw c}òkw cdow bd gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkooklîoî}dbk %GDL. ok wk}d ydw y`wwnmbk dxdos gnot`{ wnu dow" sdos t{k bkw îs{ckw w{} bk y}`jks k{}`&yîko FNCGDW %FNCdn} G`bbnwnò Dx`ncdogk W~w&



;

skf." yd} kukfybk" ok wk}òs ydw d}}nxîkw é fd&s{}nsî/ Bkw c}òkw ¡ ok wk}òs bnm}kw ± t{„é gksskcdsk/

Bkw skuskw }îlbkfkosdn}kw kunwsdosw ks bkwyk}wykgsnxkw c„îx`b{snò8

Bd Gn}g{bdn}k o¹ 7=5 ck b„@DGN w{} bkw [DW cò&ok ckw `}nkosdsnòw y`{} ck h{s{}kw o`}fkw dxkgy`{} `mjkgsnh bd s`sdbk s}dowyd}kogk ck b„kuyb`nsd&snò ckw [DW xnw&é&xnw ckw d{s}kw dgsk{}w dî}`&od{snt{kw %gòs}óbk{}" d{s}kw ynb`skw…./ Bd o`&snò ck ¡ ynb`sk é cnwsdogk ±kws nos}`c{nsk/

Ko H}dogk" nb kunwsk cdow bk c`fdnok fnbnsdn}k{ok Nows}{gsnò Y}`xnw`n}k }kbdsnxk d{u x`bw ckc}òkw ko gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook fnbnsdn}k w{} bksk}}ns`n}k fîs}`y`bnsdno</ Gkssk nows}{gsnò nos}`&c{ns ckw wyîgnhngdsnòw oîgkwwdn}kw d{u x`bw ckwcnhhî}koskw gdsîl`}nkw ck c}òkw : fnon c}òkw

%Gdsîl`}nk D : fdwwk nohî}nk{}k `{ îldbk é =;al ‗Gdsîl`}nk M : fdwwk g`fy}nwk kos}k =; ks ;9al. ‗c}òkw sdgsnt{kw é x`nb{}k hnuk `{ s`{}odosk ‗FDBK ‗ EDBK ks [GDX" fnwkw ko ŗ{x}k yd} bdCîhkowk" fdnw dyybngdmbkw é s`{w bkw dî}òkhwc„Ksds/

[o d}}êsî nosk}fnonwsî}nkb c{ =4 cîgkfm}k =99>5 ¡ }kbdsnh d{u gòcnsnòw c„nowk}snò ks c„îx`b{&snò cdow b„kwydgk dî}nko ckw dî}òkhw gnxnbw `{ck bd cîhkowk oò edmnsîw ± y}îgnwk t{k bkw x`bwe`}w x{k `{ x`bw oò gòh`}fkw d{u }ålbkw ck

b„dn} kunlkos {ok wîl}îldsnò yd} }dyy`}s d{u d{&s}kw {wdlk}w %g}îdsnò ck zòkw skfy`}dn}kw ]./Gk t{n ckx}dns yk}fkss}k d{u d{s}kw {wdlk}w ckb„kwydgk ck gòodïs}k b„dgsnxnsî ckw c}òkw ks îxn&sk} bkw g`bbnwnòw/ Gk ck}onk} c`g{fkos gòwsns{kbd y}kfnå}k dxdogîk nfy`}sdosk cdow bd }îlbk&fkosdsnò gd} nb kws ck y`}sîk nosk}fnonwsî}nkbbk/

[o d{s}k d}}êsî c{ =< j{nbbks =99; yk}fks b„{wdlkdî}nko c„dyyd}knb ye`s`l}dyent{k é yd}sn} ckc}òkw gnxnbw %y`bngk" c`{dokw" wîg{}nsî gnxnbk….`{ s`{s f`~ko c„ko}klnws}kfkos ck còoîkw cks`{sk ods{}k %C/477&49 c{ GDG. ks }îwk}xk é ged&

g{o wd yd}snk c„kwydgk/

B„d}sngbk 7 ck bd Gòxkosnò ck Gengdl` gòwncå}kbkw c}òkw ck bd y`bngk" ckw c`{dokw ks ckw y`f&ynk}w g`ffk ckw dî}òkhw c„Ksds/ @o yk{s }dyyk&bk} t{k b„Dlkogk K{}`yîkook ck Wîg{}nsî Dî}nko&ok %DKWD. kws g`fyîskosk y`{} bkw dî}òkhw wdowynb`sk é m`}c ck yb{w ck 4;9 al" wd{h w„nbw wòs{snbnwîw y`{} ckw fnwwnòw fnbnsdn}kw" ck c`{dok`{ ck y`bngk/ Ko H}dogk" w`{w }îwk}xk c„d{s`}nwd&snò c{ lîoî}db ck bd Cîhkowk Dî}nkook%GCD@D." bkw dî}òkhw ck gkw kosnsîw yk{xkos

x`bk}" cåw d{j`{}c„e{n" ko Gn}g{bdsnò Dî}nkookFnbnsdn}k %GDF ̀ { @DS&@yk}dsnòdb Dn} S}dhng./

Bkw îx`b{snòw y}îxnwnmbkwBkw kunlkogkw ck wîg{}nsî ck b„d}}êsî c{ =4 fd}w=99< òs îsî îsdmbnkw y`{} b„dî}`f`cîbnwfk/ Dno&wn" s`{skw bkw t{kwsnòw ck wîg{}nsî y`wîkw yd}b„{snbnwdsnò ckw [DW b`}w c„dgsnxnsîw yd}sng{bnå}kwok wòs ydw s}dnsîkw cdow gks d}}êsî/ D g`{}s sk}&fk" b„Nows}{gsnò c{ 4; dx}nb =949 }dyykbbk bkw

y}nognykw lîoî}d{u ck wîg{}nsî ckw [DW ko y}îgn&wdos t{k bkw dgsnxnsîw yd}sng{bnå}kw ckw c}òkw okwòs ydw ck b„dî}`f`cîbnwfk" bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî xnw&é&xnw ckw yk}wòokw ks ckw mnkow é bd w{}hdgk"bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî cdow s`{w bkw gdw ck ydookw ksbkw cî}`ldsnòw y`{} bkw ed{sk{}w ck x`b é `msk&on}…

Bd CLDG d y}`y`wî ck fkss}k ko ybdgk {o o`{& xkd{ gdc}k }îlbkfkosdn}k ck b„{snbnwdsnò ckw [DWy`{} ckw dgsnxnsîw yd}sng{bnå}kw ks y`{} bkw y}k&fnå}kw dyybngdsnòw îfk}lkoskw/

Nb îx`b{k}d ko hògsnò ckw y}`l}åw skgeo`b`ln&t{kw" ck b„kuyî}nkogk dgt{nwk ks c{ onxkd{ ck wî&g{}nsî dssknos/

Ckw ynwskw ck }îhbkunò y`{} bk h{s{} ckw x`bwe`}w x{k c{ ynb`sk ko kwydgkw ¡ oò wîl}îl{îw ±wk}òs dm`}cîkw/ Bkw dgsnxnsîw ks bkw bnk{u c„dgsn& xnsîw cîbnfnsîw wk}òs cîgbd}îw é b„dxdogk wkbòckw f`cdbnsîw é cîhnon} g`ffk yd} kukfybk cîbn&fnsk} {ok zòk é b„dyb`fm c„{o fdwwnh h`}kwsnk}"{ok zòk fd}nsnfk `{ {ok mdock bk bòl c„{o}îwkd{ îbkgs}nt{k" hk}}`xndn}k…

Bkw y}`mbîfdsnt{kw c„nowk}snò cdow b„kwydgk wk&}òs s}åw cnhhî}koskw w{nxdos bkw fdwwkw ckw dî}`&okhw ks bkw gòcnsnòw ck gn}g{bdsnò onxkd{u ck x`b/

G`ffk ò bk xk}}d yb{w b`no" bk y}nognyk ck bd}kwyòwdmnbnsî ck b„`yî}dsk{} kws fdnosko{ dxkgbd y}`y`}snòodbnsî d{u }nwt{kw ks bd y}`l}kwwnxn&sî/ Gkssk gòc{nsk ckw c}òkw wk hk}d w`{w bd }kw&yòwdmnbnsî c„dgsk{}w y}`hkwwnòokbw {ont{k&fkos/

Bd t{kwsnò ck w{mwncnd}nsî cdow b„dyybngdsnò ckbd }îlbkfkosdsnò k{}`yîkook ks`{ odsnòdbk}kwsk y`wîk ck fêfk t{k b„nosî}ês c„{o gòskuskwyîgnhnt{k y`{} bkw hdm}ngdosw c„[DW/

Bk m{s kws ck gòw{bsk} bkw {wdlk}w ko x{k c„{oy}`jks ck skusk %dm}`lkdos b„d}}êsî c{ =4 fd}w=99<. ko }kbdsnò dxkg b„d}}êsî c{ =4 cîgkfm}k=99> cdow wd h`}fk dgs{kbbk ks wkw îx`b{snòwy`wwnmbkw/

Ck o`{xkbbkw gdsîl`}nkw c„dî}òkhw" cnhhî}koskwck b„dî}`f`cîbnwfk y`{}}dnkos dyyd}dïs}k : Gdsî&l`}nk G : mdbbòw gdysnhw ‗ C : [DW 2 =al ‗ K : = é2 =; al ‗ H : =;&4;9al ‗ L :? 4;9al dxkg ckw kun&

lkogkw ck odxnldmnbnsî" ck g`fyîskogkw ckw ynb`&skw" ck cîgbd}dsnò ck gòh`}fnsî… S`{skw gkwkunlkogkw ckxdos w„dyybnt{k} ko }kbdsnò dxkg bky`{x`n} ck y`bngk ckw fdn}kw ks ckw y}îhksw" bk



8

m}{ns ks bkw o{nwdogkw `ggdwnòoîw %dggkysdmnbnsîyd} bk y{mbng." bd y}îwk}xdsnò ckw bnmk}sîw y{mbn&t{kw ks ck bd xnk y}nxîk ckw yk}wòokw/

Bkw c}òkw ks bkw y}`mbåfkw j{}ncn&t{kw ck }kwyòwdmnbnsî

Dxkg bk cîxkb`yykfkos ck bd skgeo`b`lnk" bd wî&g{}nsî }ky`wk fdnoskodos ko l}dock yd}snk w{}bkw gdbg{bdsk{}w ck m`}c ks bkw bndnwòw }dcn`îbkg&s}nt{kw/ Hdgk é gkw dxdogîkw skgeont{kw" bd yd}snk j{}ncnt{k wkfmbk hnlîk" fêfk wn gks îsds ck hdnsok lêok ydw bkw nonsndsnxkw ks bkw dgsnòw }kwsdos éy}koc}k" t{n wòs fdnoskodos gòo{kw ks t{nyk}fksskos c„koxnwdlk} bd gòws}{gsnò ks b„ku&yb`nsdsnò c„{o c}òk é hnodbnsî gnxnbk/

Dî}òkhw c,Ksds/dî}òkhw gnxnbw

Nb o„~ d ydw ck cnhhî}kogk kos}k {o dî}òkh edmnsîks ynb`sî ks {o dî}òkh oò edmnsî" ynb`sî é cnw&sdogk/ [o c}òk kws {o dî}òkh gògk}oî yd} bkfêfk s~yk ck gòskosnk{u t{n yk{xkos odïs}k ckb„{snbnwdsnò c„{o dxnò edmnsî/

Bkw c}òkw wòs j{}ncnt{kfkos ckw dî}òkhw" ksko }dnwò ck bk{} {snbnwdsnò wòs y`{} b,nowsdosckw dî}òkhw c,Ksds/ Nbw ok wòs ydw w`{fnw é bd}îlbkfkosdsnò dî}òd{snt{k gnxnbk" kugkysî y`{}gk t{n gògk}ok bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî" c`fdnok `þ bkG`ck ck b„Dxndsnò Gnxnbk %GDG. kws dyybnt{î/ Okyk{s ês}k gòwncî}î dî}òkh c„Ksds t{„{o dî}òkh

d~dos îsî gk}snhnî %yd} bd CLD y`{} bkw dî}òkhwfnbnsdn}kw" yd} b„DKWD y`{} bkw dî}òkhw gnxnbw." gkt{n o„kws ydw s`{j`{}w bk gdw ckw c}òkw gnxnbw t{n x`bkos d{&ckww{w c„{ok dllb`fî}dsnò edmnsîk/

Cdow bk c`fdnok fnbnsdn}k" bk ynb`sk" `yî}dsk{} ckc}òk" c`ns `mbnlds`n}kfkos y`wwîck} bd t{dbnhn&gdsnò ks bkw gòodnwwdogkw }kt{nwkw ks oîgkwwdn&}kw" cîhnonkw yd} bkw d{s`}nsîw c„kfyb`n gògk}&oîkw" y`{} dww{}k} bd gòc{nsk c{ x`b c„{o c}òk%WSDODL @SDO 38<9./

Cdow bk c`fdnok gnxnb" ò kws é bd }kgek}gek ck bd

t{dbnhngdsnò j{}ncnt{k ckw c}òkw/ Nbw wòs gòwn&cî}îw g`ffk {ok o`{xkbbk gdsîl`}nk c,dî}òkh dwwnfnbdmbk" ko }dnwò ck bk{} {snbnwdsnò kwwko&snkbbkfkos y{mbnt{k" é bd o`snò c,dî}òkh c,Ksds>/ Bkw gòs`{}w kog`}k nfy}îgnw ck bk{} wsd&s{s noxnskos é ykowk} t{k bd odxnldsnò dî}nkookck gk s~yk c,kolno ok fdot{k}d ydw ck w{wgnsk}{o dmòcdos gòskosnk{u w{} bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî/

Y`{} b,nowsdos" b,kfyb`n ckw c}òkw wk }dssdgekcdxdosdlk é bd o`snò c,dî}òkh c,Ksds t{,é gkbbkc,dî}òkh gnxnb fdnw gkssk t{dbnhngdsnò }nwt{k }d&ynckfkos c,dyyd}dïs}k now{hhnwdosk/ Bd ydbkssk

ckw dyybngdsnòw y`skosnkbbkw cdow bk c`fdnokgnxnb kws ko khhks y}kwt{k nbbnfnsîk ks bkw }îlbk&fkosdsnòw }kbdsnxkw d{u dî}òkhw c„Ksds" j{lîkws}`y }nlnckw/

Ko b{n&fêfk" bd o`snò c,dî}òkh c,Ksds g`fy`}&sk yb{wnk{}w gòwît{kogkw" d{ o`fm}k ckwt{kbbkwbd gk}snhngdsnò `mbnlds`n}k" bd oò dyybngdsnò ckbd gòxkosnò ck Gengdl` é gk s~yk c,dî}òkh"b,`mbnldsnò ck ckfdock} b,d{s`}nwdsnò ck w{}x`bc„{o yd~w îs}dolk} yd} bd x`nk cnyb`fdsnt{k"b,{wdlk c,{o nocngdsnh ks c,{ok nffds}ng{bdsnò

wyîgnhnt{kw ks wk y`wk d{wwn bk y}`mbåfk ck bk{}nff{onsî" x`n}k ck bk{} wdnwnk îxkos{kbbk yd} {oKsds w{}x`bî/// S`{skw gkw t{kwsnòw ok fdot{k&}òs ydw ck wk y`wk} cdow {o y}`gek dxkon} db`}wt{,nb o,kunwsk ydw ck xî}nsdmbk wsds{s y`{} bkw c}`&okw/

]îlnfkw ck }kwyòwdmnbnsî dyybngdmbkwd{u c}òkwBd g`kunwskogk ck ck{u }îlnfkw ck }kwyòwdmnbnsîdyybngdmbkw d{u dî}òkhw ‗ bk c}`ns g`ff{o ck bd

}kwyòwdmnbnsî gnxnbk c{ s}dowy`}s dî}nko ks bkc}`ns wyîgndb ck bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî c{ s}dowy`}sdî}nko ‗ gòwsns{k bd y}nognydbk cnhhng{bsî y`{}cîsk}fnok} bkw }ålbkw dyybngdmbkw d{ gòskosnk{ubnî é b,kuyb`nsdsnò ckw c}òkw49/

Bd cîhnonsnò c,{o wsds{s j{}ncnt{k ckw dî}òkhwoò edmnsîw y`{}}dns oîdof`now w,nowyn}k} ckw}ålbkw dyybngdmbkw é b,dgsnxnsî dî}òd{snt{k bdyb{w nfy`}sdosk : bk s}dowy`}s dî}nko/ W,nb o,kwsydw %kog`}k. {o kolno ck s}dowy`}s" bk c}òky`{}}dns b{n kfy}{osk} s`{s `{ yd}snk ckw }ålbkwck bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî dî}nkook/ B,{snbnwdsnò ck skbwkolnow nfybnt{k d{wwn {ok cnwsnogsnò kos}k wòkuyb`nsdos ks wò y}`y}nîsdn}k/ Bd o`snò c,ku&yb`nsdos ‗ t{n kws gkb{n t{n sn}k y}`hns ck b,dî}òkh `{ wò ld}cnko d{ wkow ck b,d}sngbk 4753" dbnoîd 4c{ G`ck Gnxnb ‗ g`}}kwyòc" s`{s g`ffk gkbbk cky}`y}nîsdn}k" é {ok {snbnwdsnò o`}fdbk ckw c}`&okw/

G`ffk s`{s dî}òkh" bkw c}òkw yk{xkos ês}kb`{îw/ Cdow gk gdw y}îgnw t{n g`}}kwyòc mnkod{u yk}wykgsnxkw ck cîxkb`yykfkos îgò`fnt{kckw c}òkw" b,dyybngdsnò c{ }îlnfk ck bd }kwyò&

wdmnbnsî dî}nkook d{}dns y`{} khhks ck yk}fkss}kd{ y}`y}nîsdn}k d~dos nowg}ns bd b`gdsnò d{ }klnw&s}k c,nffds}ng{bdsnò ‗ g,kws&é&cn}k mnko w`{xkosb,Ksds `{ bkw noc{ws}nkbw ‗ ck gkwwk} c,ês}k kuyb`n&sdos ks ck o,ês}k yb{w }kwyòwdmbk t{k y`{} hd{sky}`{xîk ckw c`ffdlkw gd{wîw/

B,dgsnxnsî c,kos}dïokfkos d{ x`b ckw c}òkw o,kwsydw oò yb{w é oîlbnlk}/ B,`mbnldsnò ck wîg{}nsîck f`~kow t{n yåwk w{} bkw y}`hkwwk{}w ck wy`}s dcîjé îsî îskoc{k d{u dgsnxnsîw c,nonsndsnò d{ x`bko [BF" ck ybdok{} ks ck yd}dykosk/ C{ hdns ckbk{} kfyb`n c,kolno l{ncî cky{nw bk w`b" b,{snbnwd&

snò ckw c}òkw y}îwkosk bkw fêfkw }nwt{kw/

Bkw îs{ckw j{}ncnt{kw w{} bk wsds{s ck gk s~ykc„dî}òkhw ok hòs t{k g`ffkogk} ks nb kws h`}sy}`mdmbk t{„{o y}kfnk} nognckos l}dxk dxkg {o



<

c}òk hk}d j{}nwy}{ckogk hd{sk ck skuskw kunw&sdosw44/ Gk}sdnow kuyk}sw ybdnckos yb{sós y`{} bdy}`f`snò c{ c}`ns wyîgndb ck bd }kwyòwdmnbnsîc{ s}dowy`}s dî}nko" fêfk wn bkw [DX o„ko wòsydw kog`}k é gk wsdck/

Bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî gnxnbkBk g`ck ck b,dxndsnò gnxnbk kogdc}k bk gdw c,dm`}&cdlk dî}nko é b,d}sngbk 434&44= t{n wsny{bk ¡ ko gdwck c`ffdlk gd{wî yd} {o dî}òkh é {o d{s}kdî}òkh ko îx`b{snò" bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî c{ ynb`skks ck b,kuyb`nsdos ck b,dyyd}knb kws }îlbîk gòh`}&fîfkos d{u cnwy`wnsnòw c{ g`ck gnxnb ±/

Bd j{}nwy}{ckogk d hnuî {ok cîhnonsnò ko xk}s{ck bdt{kbbk bd ld}ck kws gd}dgsî}nwîk yd} b,{wdlk"bk gòs}óbk ks bd cn}kgsnò ck bd ge`wk/ Bk ynb`skkws gbdn}kfkos bk ld}cnko ck bd ge`wk fdnw wdhògsnò ck y}îy`wî kws nog`fydsnmbk dxkg gkbbk

ck ld}cnko" bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî c{ g`ffkssdos%Ksds" g`fydlonk dî}nkook `{ kuyb`nsdos. hdnscòg îg}do é wd }kwyòwdmnbnsî y}`y}k/ Bk hdns t{kb„{wdlk" bd cn}kgsnò ks bk gòs}óbk wk hdwwkos écnwsdogk ok f`cnhnk}dns ydw bk }îlnfk ck }kwyò&wdmnbnsî fdnw {ok dgsnò }îg{}w`n}k y`wsî}nk{}k}kwsk s`{j`{}w y`wwnmbk ko gdw ck hd{sk cîsdged& mbk c{ wk}xngk/

B,d}sngbk 434&= c{ g`ck ck b,dxndsnò gnxnbk cnwy`wkt{k ¡ b,kuyb`nsdos c,{o dî}òkh kws }kwyòwdmbkck ybkno c}`ns ckw c`ffdlkw gd{wîw yd} bkw îx`&

b{snòw ck b,dî}òkh `{ bkw `mjksw t{n w,ko cîsd&gek}dnkos d{u yk}wòokw ks d{u mnkow wns{îw é bdw{}hdgk/ Gkssk }kwyòwdmnbnsî ok yk{s ês}k dssî&o{îk `{ îgd}sîk t{k yd} bd y}k{xk ck bd hd{sk ckbd xngsnfk ±/

Bd b`gdsnò ck c}òkw yk{s y}koc}k {ok l}docknfy`}sdogk cdow b„{snbnwdsnò ckw c}òkw é ckwhnow gnxnbkw/ B„d}sngbk 434/&3 y}îgnwk ¡ t{,ko gdw ckb`gdsnò ck b,dî}òkh" bk y}`y}nîsdn}k ks b,kuyb`n&sdos wòs w`bncdn}kfkos }kwyòwdmbkw xnw&é&xnwckw snk}w ckw c`ffdlkw gd{wîw/ S`{skh`nw wn bdb`gdsnò d îsî nowg}nsk d{ }klnws}k c,nffds}ng{&

bdsnò" bk y}`y}nîsdn}k o,ko kws }kwyòwdmbk t{kwn bk snk}w îsdmbns {ok hd{sk ck wd yd}s ±/ B,nosk}&y}îsdsnò ck gkw cnwy`wnsnòw hdns îldbkfkos dy&ykb é bd o`snò gkos}dbk ck ld}ck ck bd ge`wk t{nwk gòhòc dxkg gkbbk c„kuyb`nsdos/ Wn b,kuyb`nsdosc{ c}òk kws b,Ksds" nb wk}d còg }kwyòwdmbk/

Bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî yîodbkBd }kwyòwdmnbnsî ck ¡ b,ît{nydlk ± ck c}òk yk{sês}k koldlîk w{} bd mdwk c{ c}`ns yîodb %e`fngncknox`bòsdn}k" mbkww{}kw nox`bòsdn}kw./ G`ffk

y`{} s`{s ynb`sk" gkssk }kwyòwdmnbnsî kws yk}wò&okbbk/ Bk ynb`sk wk}dns gòwncî}î g`ffk d{sk{}cn}kgs/ [ok hd{sk wnfybk c,nfy}{ckogk `{ ck oî&lbnlkogk y`{}}dns còg gòwsns{k} b,noh}dgsnò/ Bd

fnwk ko cdolk} cîbnmî}îk c,d{s}{n o,kws ydw ég}dnoc}k sdos t{,d{g{ok ¡ `mbnldsnò yd}sng{bnå&}k ck wîg{}nsî nfy`wîk yd} bd b`n `{ bk }ålbk&fkos ±" gògk}odos gk s~yk c,dyyd}knb" o„kunwsk/Bd hd{sk wk}dns yd} dnbbk{}w dyy}îgnîk d{ x{ ckwf`~kow fnw é cnwy`wnsnò ckw ît{nydlkw" ck bk{}h`}fdsnò" ckw gòwnlokw" ck bd fnwwnò ks ck wkw

cnhhng{bsîw/Ko seî`}nk bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî yîodbk ckw d{s`}nsîwt{n o,d{}dnkos ydw kogdc}î gkssk dgsnxnsî fdbl}îbk }nwt{k gòo{ y`{}}dns ês}k koldlîk/ Gkbdgògk}ok ko yd}sng{bnk} bd CLDG" bkw d}fîkw ksck hdìò lîoî}dbk s`{s {snbnwdsk{} nowsns{snòokb…Ko }kxdogek" gkbbk ckw ît{nydlkw `mînwwdos d{g`ffdockfkos ck b,d{s`}nsî bîlnsnfk ks o,koh}kn&lodos d{g{ok }ålbk ok y`{}}dnkos ydw ês}kk kold&lîk/

Ko cîhnonsnxk" }nko ok cnhhî}kognk ko sk}fkw ck

}kwyòwdmnbnsî yk}wòokbbk bk ynb`sk ck c}òk c{ynb`sk c,dî}òkh gbdwwnt{k/ B,dmwkogk c,kogdc}k&fkos bîldb ck b,dgsnxnsî y`wk {o }nwt{k j{}ncnt{ky`{} bkw d{s`}nsîw odsnòdbkw fdnw ydwy`{} bkwît{nydlkw/

Bkw c}òkw ks b„`gg{ydsnò c{ wykg&s}k ck h}ît{kogkwNb kws nogòskwsdmbk t{k bk wykgs}k ck h}ît{kogkwkws d{j`{}c„e{n s}åw kog`fm}î ks bk ckxnkoc}d ckyb{w ko yb{w" gk t{n `ggdwnòok dggnckosw ks bnfn&

sdsnòw c„kfyb`n/ Fêfk wn ò kws b`no ckw mkw`nowko bd}lk{} ck mdock c„{o Lb`mdb Ed|a" c}òkws}dsîlnt{k dfî}ngdno" ò oîgkwwnsk}d s`{j`{}w"y`{} `mskon} {ok nfdlk g`}}kgsk ck bd yd}s c„{ofnon c}òk" t{kbt{kw Fez ck mdock/ Cdow {okzòk ck h`}sk dgsnxnsî îbkgs}`fdloîsnt{k" gkbdyk{s y`wk} {o y}`mbåfk c„nosk}hî}kogkw ks ckyk}skw ck bndnwòw/

Ckw gek}gek{}w dfî}ngdnow òs y{mbnî bkw }îw{b&sdsw c,{o kwwdn }îdbnwî w{} ckw kwwdnfw ck }`m`sw/Bk mnbdo o,kws ydw mò : bd g`ff{ongdsnò dxkg49 }`m`sw w{} 43 d w`{hhk}s c,nosk}hî}kogkw/ Bdt{kwsnò ckw h}ît{kogkw ck g`ff{ongdsnò y`{}bkw }`m`sw ckw w~wsåfkw c,{}lkogk ks ck wkg`{}w}kwsk y`wîk/

Bd ck}onå}k G`ffnwwnò Fòcndbk ckw ]dcn`&g`ff{ongdsnòw %GF]. d k{ bnk{ ko o`xkfm}k=99< ks bd y}`mbîfdsnt{k ckw bndnwòw c}òkw okwk}d dm`}cîk t{„é bd y}`gednok gkwwnò ck =944"dxkg ckw cîgnwnòw dsskoc{kw ko =94;/ Nb ~ d kog`&}k gnot dow" b„dbb`gdsnò ckw mdockw ck h}ît{kogkwks bd lkwsnò c{ wykgs}k ok y`wdnkos ydw s}`y cky}`mbåfkw/ Cky{nw" bkw ge`wkw wk wòs g`fybn&

t{îkw dxkg b„nos}`c{gsnò ck b„[FSW" ck bd 3åfk lîoî}dsnò ck sîbîyeònk wdow hnb" ckw }îwkd{ub`gd{u %BDO." ckw mkw`now ko wîg{}nsî/ B„d}}nxîkckw c}òkw cdow bk yd~wdlk dî}òd{snt{k gòh`}&



5

sk bk mkw`no c„ît{nykfkosw kfmd}t{îw y`{} bkgòs}óbk" b„nckosnhngdsnò %NHH. ks bk }kg{knb %[EHwkg`{}w." y`{} bd }dcn`&dbsnfîs}nk ks bk LYW" y`{}bd g`bbkgsk ks b„îgedolk ck còoîkw/ S`{w gkwît{nykfkosw" cîjé é m`}c ckw dî}òkhw edmnsîw" xòs ckfdock} {ok dbb`gdsnò w{yybîfkosdn}k ck mdockw ck h}ît{kogkw/

@o dwwnwsk é bd fòsîk ko y{nwwdogk ck bd t{dosn&sî c„noh`}fdsnòw é cnws}nm{k} ks é ckw mdockw ckh}ît{kogkw t{n d{ gòs}dn}k ok wòs ydw nocîhnon&fkos kuskownmbkw fdnw wòs gòx`nsîkw yd} bkwdyybngdsnòw o`{xkbbkw/ G„kws gk}sdnokfkos bky}`mbåfk bk yb{w dnl{ t{n wk y`wk d{u c}òkw ckhdìò lîoî}dbk/ Cdow gk c`fdnok d{wwn" bkw c}`&okw ok ¡ wk}òs ydw bnm}kw ± dxdos bòlskfyw/

Gògb{wnòwB„dî}òd{snt{k ks b„kwydgk òs s`{j`{}w îsî" ck

yd} bk{}w gòs}dnoskw ks bk{}w wyîgnhngnsîw skgeon&t{kw" ckw xkgsk{}w ck y}`l}åw ks c„noo`xdsnò" bkww`b{snòw skgeont{kw kunwskos cîjé fêfk wn kbbkwok wòs ydw kog`}k d}}nxîkw é fds{}nsî/ Fdnw bkgedbbkolk bk yb{w nfy`}sdos kws gk}sdnokfkos gk&

b{n ck b„ed}fònwdsnò ckw mkw`now" ckw o`}fkwdnown t{„{ok }îhbkunò g`ff{ok w{} bkw `}ldon&wdsnòw ks bkw ws}{gs{}kw/

Bkw c}òkw ckx}dnkos dx`n} {o }óbk ck yb{w koyb{w nfy`}sdos cdow bd s}`nwnåfk cnfkownò/Bk{} cîxkb`yykfkos kws ko s}dno ck bdogk} ckwgedolkfkosw nfy`}sdosw oò wk{bkfkos cdow bkc`fdnok fnbnsdn}k fdnw d{wwn cdow bd gòc{nsk ckgk}sdnokw `yî}dsnòw gògk}odos bd wîg{}nsî ks bdwd{xkld}ck nosî}nk{}kw/ B`}wt{k bkw md}}nå}kw ckbd gn}g{bdsnò dî}nkook lîoî}dbk wk}òs h}dogenkw"bk wsds{s ckw c}òkw cîhnon" bkw mdockw ck h}î&t{kogkw dbb`{îkw" bkw gòwncî}dsnòw ck }kosdmnbn&sî ks c„khhngdgnsî ckx}dnkos yk}fkss}k d{u c}òkwck gòw`bnck} y}`l}kwwnxkfkos bk{} y`wnsnòcdow bk c`fdnok gnxnb/ Bkw kojk{u g`ffk}gnd{uwòs îo`}fkw : bkw `yî}dsnòw ck w{}xknbbdogk" ckcîskgsnò ks c,dodb~wk ck b,koxn}òokfkos ck&

x}dnkos }ky}îwkosk} cdow t{kbt{kw dooîkw ;; +ckw fnwwnòw s`sdbkw ckw dî}òkhw/ [ok dgsnxnsîko ybkno kww`}" còg" t{„nb kws oîgkwwdn}k c„dg&g`fydlok} ks c„kogdc}k} ko sdos t{k ck mkw`no/◊

Bkw `ynonòw kuy}nfîkw ngn o„koldlkos t{k bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî

ck bk{} d{sk{} /

Fngekb Dwkogn`

f/dwkognÌh}ws}dsklnk/`}l

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Concernant%20la%20note%20n%E0%B0%B6/11

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Concernant%20la%20note%20n%E0%B0%B6/11



>

O`skw

4/ Còoîkw nww{kw c„{ok îs{ck NDN w{} bkw c}òkw dy}åw4=9 999 ek{}kw ck x`b" dooîk =99</

=/ [ofdookc W~wskfw ]`dcfdy =99<&=97=" x`n} sdmbkd{ Dyykocnu D [DW" y/ 49;/

7/ Dwwkfmbîk odsnòdbk" ]dyy`}s c„noh`}fdsnò"¡ C}òkw : bd H}dogk é bd g}`nwîk ckw gekfnow ±" cîgkfm}k=99>" yy/37&33/

3/ @yî}dsk{} kws y}nw ngn cdow bk wkow ck ynb`sk é cnwsdogk/

;/ Bk SGDW" w~wsåfk c„dbk}sk ck s}dhng ks c„îxnskfkos ckg`bbnwnò w„dyy{nk w{} b„DCW&M %D{s`fdsng Ckykocdos W{}&

xknbbdogk M}`dgdws. t{n xîeng{bk ckw noh`}fdsnòw yb{wy}îgnwkw t{„{o SGDW ¡ gbdwwnt{k ±/ Gk w~wsåfk xnkos c„ês}kgk}snhnî ko =944 yd} Dn}m{w/

8/ Kus}dnsw ck bd y}îwkosdsnò khhkgs{îk yd} bd Cn}kgsnò ckbd wîg{}nsî ck b„dxndsnò gnxnbk" CWDGK]W : ¡ T{`n ck ok{h ko fdsnå}k ck }îlbkfkosdsnò skgeont{k ck bd odxnldsnòdî}nkook ks ck b„kwydgk dî}nko ±" G/ Fdw" 4k} `gs`m}k =949fnwk é j`{} bk 49 fd}w =944/

</ N/F o¹ ==;9CN]GDF c{ 4> jdoxnk} =993" Cn}kgsnò ckbd Gn}g{bdsnò Dî}nkook Fnbnsdn}k/

5/ D dm}`lî b„d}}êsî c{ 4k} d`ñs =99< ks bk y}nognyk ck cnw&ykowk ck ckfdock c„îx`b{snò y`{} {ok ed{sk{} ck x`bnohî}nk{}k é 4;9 f/

>/ Noh`}fdsnòw kus}dnskw ck b„d}sngbk c{ G`ffnwwdn}k G`&bòkb Ydwgdb F/ C{yòs" Ge}ònt{k c{ c}`ns dî}nko" ¡ Bkwc}òkw ko t{kwsnò ± cdow bd ]kx{k H}doìdnwk c{ C}`ns

Dî}nko ks Wydsndb " x`b/ =75" o¹ =" dx}nb&j{no =998/49/ Noh`}fdsnòw kus}dnskw ck b„d}sngbk c{ G`ffnwwdn}kG`bòkb Ydwgdb F/ C{yòs" ̀ y/ gns/

44/ [o dggnckos l}dxk d k{ bnk{ é Anowedwd %Gòl`. ko=99</ [o [DX fnw ko ŗ{x}k yd} bkw Mkblkw d hdns {o f`}sks ck{u mbkwwîw/

4=/ Noh`}fdsnòw w{} bd }kwyòwdmnbnsî gnxnbk ks yîodbk"g`ff{ont{îkw yd} bd G`ffnwwdn}k Gdynsdnok D{ck Mdbbd&}no&Ong`bk ck bd CGGD" D}fîk ck b„Dn}" fd}w =99<//

]ks}`{xkz s`{sk b„dgs{dbnsî ks bkw y{mbngdsnòw ck bd Hòcdsnò y`{} bd ]kgek}gek Ws}dsîlnt{k w{} :

\ \ \ / H ] W S ] D S K L N K / @ ] L

http://www.frstrategie.org/






l’utilisation civile des drones - problèmes techniques, opérationnels et juridiques

Documents