dossier chine afrique 12.01.2013 w.xu t.bourgoin

7/29/2019 Dossier Chine Afrique 12.01.2013 W.xu T.bourgoin

1/13

Daflb

Hjrfqub

Nbs guntfpnbs jhdbttbs cb nh strhtofb

dafl`fsb cb pltrhtf`l cbs ghrdas

hjrfdhfls,

C`ssfbr Ghstbr FBTD

Rlfvbrsft cHlobrs

T`us nbldhcrbgblt cb Gr, C`gflfqub Gussbhu

Yhnfs phr ;

_blkul QR

Srfsthl I@RYO@FL


2/13

Fltr`cudtf`l

Nb 86 kufnnbt 9=89 nb kùrlhn Nb G`lcb tftrhft ; Bl Hjrfqub. nbs orùpbs dafl`fs pr`jftblt cu rbtrhftcbs `ddfcblthux8 hflsf qub Nh Daflb cùinb nb g`lthlt cb sbs prts bl Hjrfqub 9= gfnnfhrcs cb

c`nnhrs9

, Nb 86 ghrs 9=89. nb sftb lbrnhlchfs YL_ pr`p`shft ul hrtfdnb quf tftrhft ; Nh Daflb hdatbnHjrfqub hvbd sbs hrgbs 4, Bljfl nb 8: cdbgirb cbrlfbr `l pùvhft trùvbr sur nb sftb Yjf,jr NhDaflb nhldb ul abic`ghchfrb phlhjrfdhfl hlon`pa`lb cbpufs nb Eblyh 3 hll`lhlt nhrrfvb cullùvbn abic`ghchfrb trhfthlt cbs nfbls sfl`'hjrfdhfls bl phrtfdunfbr, Lùs v`fdf c`ld jhdb ulbguntftucb chrtfdnbs trhfthlt cbs rbnhtf`ls bltrb nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub sùs cfjjrblts hxbs, Hu vub cb nhcfvbrsft cb dbs phpfbrs. bt cb jh`l pnus olrhnb cb nblsbginb cbs flj`rghtf`ls qub lùspbrdbv`ls trhvbrs nbs gcfhs. nbs hgiftf`ls dafl`fsbs sur nb tbrrft`frb hjrfdhfl lb j`lt pnus hudulcùtb, Chfnnburs n`rs cu s`ggbt Daflb'Hjrfqub cb 9==:. ul nfvrb inhld hvhft thft puinf phr Au Kflth`bt sbs d`lcfsdfpnbs quf prsblthfblt nb pnhl chdtf`l cb nh Daflb pùr nb d`ltflblt l`fr, ]rsblthltulb strhtofb oholhlt'oholhlt pùr nbs cbux phrtfbs,

@l h bl bjjbt cbs cbux dts cbs tbrrft`frbs quf d`llhfssblt cb j`rtbs dr`fsshldbs. surtùt bld`gphrhfs`l cbs phys `ddfcblthux quf stholblt chlobrbusbgblt sur db pnhl, Sùtbj`fs nh Daflb btnHjrfqub lb s`lt phs d`ljr`ltbs hux ggbs cjfs,

Nb prbgfbr h pùr prfldfphn ìkbdtfj chls nb jutur cb pùv`fr hnfgbltbr sh ghdaflb pr`cudtfvb. sùrdbcb sh dr`fsshldb. bl rbssùrdbs bt bl lbrofbs, Nb sbd`lc bst nh rbdabrdab cul sùjjnb nuf

pbrgbtthlt cb nhldbr rbnnbgblt s`l cvbn`ppbgblt, Nh Daflb h chfnnburs trs ifbl d`gprfs bt sutfrbr hvhlthob cb db cbrlfbr p`flt pùr httbflcrb s`l ìkbdtfj cb dr`fsshldb prbllb, Bthltcpblchltb cu d`ltflblt l`fr pùr sbs hppr`vfsf`llbgblts lbrotfqubs bnnb h vu bl nHjrfqub nhj`fs ulb `pp`rtulft rbnnb chddr`ftrb sh pufsshldb bt surtùt ul htùt pùr jhv`rfsbr s`lcvbn`ppbgblt d`l`gfqub,

H phrtfr cb n `l pbut cs n`rs sb cbghlcbr. qubnnb bst nh strhtofb cb pltrhtf`l quutfnfsb nh Daflb

sur nb tbrrft`frb hjrfdhfl cb jh`l pùv`fr sdurfsbr bt prbllfsbr sh dr`fsshldb 0 H trhvbrs nbs

hrtfdnbs dfts prdcbggblt `l bltrbv`ft ifbl qub dbttb strhtofb bst d`gpnbxb bt qubnnb shppufb

sur pnusfburs dns strhtofqubs, Sùt chi`rc. nh Daflb d`ggb ul hnnf p`nftfqub bt cfpn`ghtfqub

nh j`fs pr`tbdtbur bt prchtbur pùr nHjrfqub, Blsuftb. fn lb jhut phs phssbr ùtrb nhspbdt gfnfthfrb quf

bst ulb cbs v`fbs flarbltbs sh strhtofb cb pltrhtf`l cu d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl, Cb pnus nbs hdtf`ls

dafl`fsbs s`lt hdd`gpholbs cb tùt ul v`nbt s`dfthn bt dunturbn vfshlt nh j`fs jhfrb hddbptbr nbs

dahlobgblts phr nh p`punhtf`l hjrfdhflb bt h cfssfgunbr sbs fltbltf`ls vrfthinbs, Bljfl pùr jflfr.

lùs hi`rcbr`ls nb v`nbt d`l`gfqub cb dbttb strhtofb,

8attp;www,nbg`lcb,jrfltbrlhtf`lhnhrtfdnb9=89=?86bl'hjrfqub'nbs'orùpbs'dafl`fs'pr`jftblt'cu'rbtrhft'

cbs'`ddfcblthuxP8?421=9P498=,atgn9attp;www,nbg`lcb,jrhsfb'phdfjfqubhrtfdnb9=89=?86nh'daflb'cùinb'nb'g`lthlt'cb'sbs'prbts'bl'hjrfqub'h'9='gfnnfhrcs'cb'c`nnhrsP8?42311P498:,atgn 4

attp;www,rlw,lnhjrfqubhrtfdnbnh'daflb'hda"D4"H1tb'nhjrfqub'hvbd'sbs'hrgbs3

attp;www,rjf,jrhjrfqub9=898986'daflb'abic`ghchfrb'phlhjrfdhfl'hlon`pa`lb'eblyh'daflh'chfny'hjrfdh'wbbeny
http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.htmlhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121219-chine-hebdomadaire-panafricain-anglophone-kenya-china-daily-africa-weeklyhttp://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2012/07/19/la-chine-double-le-montant-de-ses-prets-en-afrique-a-20-milliards-de-dollars_1735488_3216.html


3/13

T`gghfrb

Fltr`cudtf`l ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

T`gghfrb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4

F, Nb v`nbt p`nftfqub bt cfpn`ghtfqub ; nh Daflb nh j`fs hnnf bt d`lqurhlt, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3

H, Nb sthtut cb nh Daflb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3

I, Nh rbnhtf`l sfl`'hjrfdhflb. nh j fs hldfbllb bt lùvbnnb, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3

D, Rlb cfpn`ghtfb phrtfdunfrb ihsb sur nh l`l'florbldb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2

FF, Nb v`nbt gfnfthfrb ; ulb strhtofb cùinb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :

H, Rl ohrhlt cb nh phfx trhvbrs n@LR ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :

I, Cbrrfrb nb jùrlfssbur chrgb. ul jfl strhtob d`l`gfqub ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?

FFF, Nb v`nbt s`dfthn bt dunturbn ; vbdtbur cfljnubldb bt chddbpthtf`l ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1

FZ, Nb v`nbt d`l`gfqub ; nb dur cb nh strhtofb dafl`fsb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6

H, Rlb rbnhtf l d`l`gfqub sfl`'hjrfdhflb cb pnus bl pnus j`rtb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6

I, Cbs rbnhtf`ls quf lb s`lt phs shls d`lsqubldbs,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 88

D`ldnusf`l ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 89

Ifinfòrhpafb,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 84


4/13

F, Nb v`nbt p`nftfqub bt cfpn`ghtfqub ; nh Daflb nh j`fs hnnf bt

d`lqurhlt,

Fn bst chls ul prbgfbr tbgps fgp`rthlt cb rhppbnbr irfvbgblt nb sthtut cb nh Daflb, ]ùr blsuftb

pùv`fr hi`rcbr sh rbnhtf`l hvbd nHjrfqub bt nb da`fx cfpn`ghtfqub phrtfdunfbr qubnnb h su gbttrb bl

pnhdb pùr sb jhfrb sh pnhdb sur nb d`ltflblt l`fr,

H, Nb sthtut cb nh Daflb

Nh Daflb bst hukùrcauf nh sbd`lcb pufsshldb d`l`gfqub g`lcfhnb cbrrfrb nbs Bthts'Rlfs. cbvhlt

nBur`pb bt nb Khp`l, T`l cvbn`ppbgblt d`l`gfqub bst nul cbs pnus rhpfcbs hu g`lcb hvbd ulb

dr`fsshldb g`ybllb quf rbstb hux hnbltùrs cb 8=" phr hl cbpufs prs cb 9= hls, Bnnb h tùtbj`fs

thft tùdab phr nh drfsb hdtubnnb, T`l ]FI phr ahifthlt rbstb quhlt nuf bld`rb fljrfbur hux orhlcbs

pufsshldbs `ddfcblthnbs !Bur`pb. Bthts Rlfs&, Rl jhft quf sbxpnfqub nh j`fs phr sh p`punhtf`l quf

rbprsbltb ul dflqufgb cb nh p`punhtf`l g`lcfhnb. phr ulb rv`nutf`l flcustrfbn thrcfvb bt phr cbs

cfsphrfts trs j`rtbs bltrb nbs p`punhtf`ls urihflbs bt rurhnbs, Rl cb sbs prfldfphux prìngbs bst

chfnnburs nh cfjjrbldb bl tbrgbs cb cvbn`ppbgblt bltrb nbs rof`ls quf nh d`gp`sb, Tf dbrthflb s

`lt vrfthinbgblt pr`jft cb nh g`lcfhnfshtf`l bt cu cvbn`ppbgblt cu d`ggbrdb fltbrlhtf`lhnbs

!bl phrtfdunfbr n@ubst cu phys&. nh pnuphrt hddusblt ul rbn rbthrc nh j`fs d`l`gfqub bt s`dfhn,T`l cvbn`ppbgblt bt nh dr`fsshldb trs j`rtb quf nhdd`gpholb jhft cb nh Daflb ul ohlt nhpptft

shls phrbfn bl tbrgb cb rbssùrdbs. cb ghtfrbs prbgfrbs bt clbrofbs, Bnnbs p`sscblt chfnnburs

ulb vrfthinb cpblchldb. bl phrtfdunfbr lbrotfqub. quf bxpnfqub bl phrtfb sh v`n`lt cb sb

rhppr`dabr cb nHjrfqub,

Hu'cbn cb sh sfgpnb ghssb tbrrft`rfhnb bt cgòrhpafqub nh Daflb bst nh j`fs ul phys bl

cvbn`ppbgblt. ulb orhlcb pufsshldb thlt p`nftfqub qud`l`gfqub bt p`sscb nh phrtfdunhrft

ulfqub cb sfobr bl thlt qub gbgirb pbrghlblt hu D`lsbfn cb sdurft cb n@LR, Dbs phrtfdunhrfts

s`lt ul vrfthinb htùt pùr nh Daflb quf pbut hn`rs utfnfsbr dbs cfjjrbltbs dhsqubttbs chls sbs

rbnhtf`ls fltbrlhtf`lhnbs,

I, Nh rbnhtf`l sfl`'hjrfdhflb. nh j`fs hldfbllb bt lùvbnnb,

Nbs rbnhtf`ls p`nftfqubs bt d`l`gfqubs cb nh Daflb hvbd nb d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl s`lt rbnhtfvbgblt

hldfbllbs, Nb d`ggbrdb hvbd nHjrfqub rbg`ltb bl bjjbt hu FFgb hvhlt KD pufs dr`ft hvbd nbs v`yhobs

cu lhvfohtbur [ablo Ab sùs nrb Gflo, Dbst tùtbj`fs phrtfr cb 86?1 qub dbs dahlobs

d`ggbrdfhux phssblt nh vftbssb suprfburb suftb hux p`nftfqubs cb rj`rgbs bt nh nfirhnfshtf`l


5/13

d`l`gfqub cb Cblo Qfh`pflo2, @r sbs dahlobs d`ggbrdfhux lb dbssblt cb dr`ftrb cb jh`l

bxp`lbltfbnnb ; ul jnux cb d`ggbrdb cb ghrdahlcfsbs vhnu g`fls cb 3 gfnnfhrcs bl 8662. pufs

pnus cb 8= gfnnfhrcs bl 9===. pùr jflhnbgblt httbflcrb prs cb 8::.4 gfnnfhrcs bl 9=88 !% 14" phr

rhpp`rt 9==6&:, Bl lb sb ihshlt qub sur sbs sbuns dafjjrbs. `l lb pbut qub sb rblcrb d`gptb quul

dahlobgblt vfcblt bst hpphru chls nh rbnhtf`l sfl`'hjrfdhflb,

Sùtbj`fs. hu'cbn cb nh rbnhtf`l d`ggbrdfhnb. nh rbnhtf`l Daflb'Hjrfqub bst hussf p`rtb phr

nhltfd`n`lfhnfsgb bt cbs g`cnbs quf cfjjrblt cu dhpfthnfsgb n`ddfcblthn bt dabrdab sbl

cghrqubr, Tbs rbnhtf`ls shppufblt sur ul systgb oholhlt'oholhlt pùr nbs cbux phrtfbs bt db

thlt sur nb pnhl d`l`gfqub qub p`nftfqub, Nb sthtut phrtfdunfbr cb nh Daflb d`ggb `l h pu nv`qubr

pnus ahut bl jhft ul phrtblhfrb cb da`fx pùr nb d`ltflblt l`fr, Bl bjjbt cb phr s`l sthtut cb phys bl

v`fb cb cvbn`ppbgblt. bnnb sb p`sftf`llb d`ggb nb orhlc jrrb cbs hutrbs ]ZC, Bnnb rbprsbltb

ul g`cnb quf russft. bt quf vh pùv`fr tfrbr nbs hutrbs vbrs nhvhlt tùt bl sflsdrfvhlt chls ulb

rbnhtf`l Tuc'Tuc pr`prb nuttbr d`ltrb naog`lfb `ddfcblthn , Cb pnus cb phr s`l fljnubldb

bl thlt qub gbgirb pbrghlblt hu cu d`lsbfn cb sdurft cb n@LR. nh Daflb p`sscb ul p`fcs

cdfsf`llbn quf pbut pbrgbttrb cb jhfrb d`ltrbp`fcs hux v`n`lts `ddfcblthnbs bt nhfssbr ulb dbrthflb

ghrob cb ghluvrb hux phys cu Tuc vfh nbs v`fbs dafl`fsbs?, NBgpfrb cu gfnfbu h su prblcrb sùs

s`l hfnb nb d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl n ` nbs phys `ddfcblthux `lt lonfos nburs hvhlthobs afst`rfqubs bt

`lt pbrcu cb l`girbusbs ihthfnnbs d`l`gfqubs jhutb cb strb c`ll nbs dnbjs cb nh russftb, ]ùr

russfr nh Daflb h bl bjjbt utfnfs ulb strhtofb cfpn`ghtfqub phrtfdunfrb quf nuf h pbrgfs cbltrbr sur

nb d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl,

D, Rlb cfpn`ghtfb phrtfdunfrb ihsb sur nh l`l'florbldb

Hvbd nh guntftucb cBthts. nbs l`girbux d`ljnfts bltrbs bux. bt nbs rbnhtf`ls bxtrfburs bt fltrfburbs

sùvblt cfjjfdfnbs cu d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl. hrrfvbr pltrbr nbs ghrdas hjrfdhfls rbnvb phrj`fs cb

d`lt`rsf`ls cfpn`ghtfqubs a`rs cu d`ggul, Nh Daflb h c`ld da`fsf ulb v`fb cfpn`ghtfqub trs

hstudfbusb ; nh l`l'florbldb, Db prfldfpb nuf pbrgbt cul d`t cb sb g`ltrbr d`ggb ul Btht

rbspbdtubux cbs prfldfpbs cg`drhtfqubs prda phr nbs `ddfcblthux. bl phrtfdunfbr trhvbrs sbs

hdtf`ls bl Hjrfqub, Cul hutrb d`t db da`fx cfpn`ghtfqub nuf pbrgbt hussf cb lb phs sblnfsbr chls

nbs cihts vfs''vfs cb sh pr`prb oùvbrlhldb !bx ; rbspbdt cbs cr`ft cb na`ggb& bt cb sb c`llbr ulb

p`sftf`l rbnhtfvbgblt lbutrb sur nh sdlb cfpn`ghtfqub hjrfdhflb. lthlt lf kuob. lf kuo, Rl

da`fx quf quf vh shvrbr chuthlt pnus utfnb huprs cbs Bthts bl ghrob. bl oubrrb. ù/bt flsthinb

p`nftfqubgblt !nbs cfdthturbs. nbs Bthts v`yùs . & qub nbs `ddfcblthux d`lsfcrblt d`ggb pbu

jrqublthinb bt `lt sùvblt cnhfss !bx ; nb Tùchl&, @r. dbs phys d`lstftublt cb vrfthinbs p`rtbs

cbltrb chls nHjrfqub pùr nh Daflb, Fn sujjft pùr dbnh cb shtthrcbr sur nbs l`girbusbs vfsftbs

cfpn`ghtfqubs ciùdahlt sur cbs hdd`rcs bt cbs hfcbs d``prhtfvbs bt phrtblhrfhnbs rblcubs

p`ssfinb phr nb da`fx cb l`l'florbldb,

2www,dftbcbnbd`l`gfb,jr/Nfibrhnfshtf`l'bt'ùvbrturb

:

attp;bd`l`gfb,kbulbhjrfqub,d`grbof`lsfltbrlhtf`lhn'phlhjrfdhfl89969'daflb'hjrfqub''bdahlobs'd`ggbrdfhux'bl'j`rtb'dr`fsshldb,atgn?

attp;www,ul,`rohppslbwsJrst`ryJ,hsp0LbwsFC796=21$,R@1iy9PuIqR


6/13

Bl lb sb gnhlt phs cbs hjjhfrbs cbs phys hjrfdhfls bltrb bux. lf cb nburs sftuhtf`ls tafqubs bt bl

trhfthlt cohnb ohnb. cb Tuc Tuc hvbd bux nh Daflb h su sùvrfr cbs p`rtbs bl Hjrfqub , Bnnb

utfnfsb ghfltblhlt sbs cbrlfrbs pùr pltrbr nbs ghrdas hjrfdhfls bt surtùt pùr lo`dfbr cbs

d`ltrhts hvhlthobux vfshlt tùkùrs. bl j`lc. hssurbr bt sdurfsbr n`lo tbrgb ul

hppr`vfsf`llbgblt bl rbssùrdbs bl phrtfdunfbr lbrotfqub c`lt sh dr`fsshldb d`l`gfqub lb pbut

sb phssbr,

FF, Nb v`nbt gfnfthfrb ; ulb strhtofb cùinb

Nh Daflb sur pnhl gfnfthfrb h prfs sur nh sdlb fltbrlhtf`lhnb ulb fgp`rthldb dr`fsshltb, Culb phrt bl

thlt qub gbgirb cb n@LR bt pùrv`ybur chfcbs chls nbs gfssf`ls vfshlt hu ghfltfbl cb nh phfx,

Chutrb phrt bl thlt qub jùrlfssbur chrgbgblt pùr nbs phys hjrfdhfls, Fn sbrhft vfcbggbltayp`drftb chi`rcbr dbttb phrtfb shls rhppbnbr quhukùrcauf nbs prfldfphux bxp`rthtburs chrgbs

s`lt `ddfcblthux hvbd bl phrtfdunfbr nbs Bthts Rlfs quf c`gflblt nhrobgblt nb ghrda bt s`ddupblt

cb jùrlfr ghssfvbgblt nb g`lcb bl ùtfns cb g`rt !dj, nb jfng N`rc `j _hr 1&, Bt lùinf`ls phs

qufns s`lt cfrbdtbgblt sufvfs phr nh Yussfb. nh Jrhldb. nb Y`yhugb Rlfs. nHnnbgholb. nh Ibnofqub bt

nFthnfb, Huthlt cbphys quf. nbxdbptf`l pbut trb cb nh Yussfb lb dbssblt cb pr`dnhgbr nh phfx 6,

Sùtbj`fs nh Daflb shppnfqub jhfrb s`l trù chls nb c`ghflb. bt rdnhgb hukùrcauf ulb phrt cu

otbhu cb pnus bl pnus bl pnus or`ssb8=,

H, Rl ohrhlt cb nh phfx trhvbrs n@LR

Cbpufs sh prbgfrb phrtfdfphtf`l bl 8616 chls nbs gfssf`ls cb n@LR nh Daflb h hddbltu

pròrbssfvbgblt sh phrtfdfphtf`l chls nbs gfssf`ls cìsbrvhtf`l bt ù cb ghfltfbl cb nh phfx, @l h

bl bjjbt vu shddr`ftrb cb jh`l d`lsthltb nbs bjj`rts dafl`fs bl tbrgbs cblohobgblt gfnfthfrb bt

phrhgfnfthfrb, Nh Daflb. ghlchtb phr n@LR h hflsf cpn`y pnus cb ?=== gfnfthfrbs, Ghfs hussf. chls

nb dhcrb cb gfssf`ls dhrhdtrb cb rbd`lstrudtf`l ù s`dfhn. cpn`y cu ghtrfbn. cbs hfcbs. cbs

vafdunbs cb sùtfbl, Db typb cb gfssf`l vfshlt phrj`fs nh d`lstrudtf`l cfljrhstrudturbs

bssbltfbnnbs. cb j`rhobs cb pufts. Nh Daflb bst chfnnburs hukùrcauf. cbrrfrb nh Jrhldb nb cbuxfgb

d`ltrfiutbur hux j`rdbs cb n@LRbt nul cbs prbgfbrs bl Hjrfqub, @l h chfnnburs pu nh v`fr bltrbr bl

hdtf`l hu Nfihl. bl Ypuinfqub Cg`drhtfqub cu D`lo` !YCD&. hu Nfirfh. bt pnus rdbggblt Chghs bl Tyrfb88,

Cb tbnnbs hdtf`ls `lt pnusfburs fltrts, ]rbgfrbgblt bl tbrgbs cfghob. fn shoft bl bjjbt cuvrbr

pùr nh phfx. ulb fc`nòfb quf lb ghlqub khghfs cb rbc`rbr nb inhs`l cul phys quhlc bnnb bst sufvfb

chdtf`ls d`ldrtbs, Cb pnus bl hdd`gpholhlt huthlt cb gfssf`ls nh Daflb g`ltrb qubnnb bst ulb

orhlcb pufsshldb quf pbut sb nb pbrgbttrb bt quf kùb s`l rnb cb orhlc , Dbs hdtf`ls `lt c`ld ul

rnb rbn cb cg`lstrhtf`l cb pùv`fr bt cfljnubldb sur nh sdlb fltbrlhtf`lhnb,

1attp;jr,wfefpbcfh,`rowfefN`rcP`jP_hr

6

attp;www,sfprf,`rochthihsbshrgstrhlsjbrs8= attp;www,`pbx4:=,d`g9=89=486nh'daflb'sbrhft'nb':b'bxp`rthtbur'g`lcfhn'chrgbgblts88

attp;www,`lutò`,`roLbwsDrfsb'bl'TyrfbNh'Daflb'cbpn`fb'sbs'ìsbrvhtburs


7/13

I, Cbrrfrb nb jùrlfssbur chrgb. ul jfl strhtob d`l`gfqub

Tf nbs hdtf`ls dafl`fsbs cb ghfltfbl cb nh phfx hu huogbltbr. bl phrhnnnb s`l sthtut cb jùrlfssbur btcbxp`rthtbur chrgbgblt hussf, N ` nbs `ddfcblthux db s`lt p`sftf`ll sur nb ghrda cb nh ahutb

tbdal`nòfb chls nb c`ghflb gfnfthfrb. nh Daflb h jhft ul hutrb phrf trhvbrs nb ghrda hjrfdhfl ; nh

vbltb bt nh pr`cudtf`l chrgbs pnus ihsfqubs . cb gulftf`ls bt chrgbgblt culb ohggb qub n`l

pùrrhft quhnfjfbr cb g`flcrb, Fn lbl rbstb phs g`fls qub nh Daflb h su bxpn`ftbr nbs d`ljnfts hjrfdhfls

pùr sb jhfrb sh pnhdb sur db ghrda, Nb rhpp`rt cHglbsty Fltbrlhtf`lhn cb Ghf 9==?89 jhfshft ul tht

cbs nfbus cbs fgp`rthtf`ls sùchlhfsbs fssubs cb nh Daflb pùr nhllb 9==2 !curhlt nh drfsb cu

Chrjùr& ; 93 gfnnf`ls cb c`nnhrs cfgp`rthtf`l chrgb bt cb gulftf`ls bt 2? gfnnf`ls cb c`nnhrs cb

pfdbs cthdas bt cbs qufpbgblts pùr cbs hvf`ls cb d`giht, H dbnh `l pbut hkùtbr cbs vbltbs cb

inflcs. canfd`ptrbs bt hutrbs ihttbrfbs hltfhrfbllbs. Hflsf qub nùvbrturb cusflbs dafl`fsbs

chrgbgblt nobr cfrbdtbgblt chls nbs phys d`ldbrls !tr`fs hu Tùchl bl 9==:. hu [fgihiwb. huGhnf. &, Bnnb utfnfsb blsuftb sbs p`rtbs cbltrb tbn qub nb Tùchl pùr vblcrb phr fltbrgcfhfrb cbs

hrgbs chutrb phys !bx ; hu Sdahc curhlt nh drfsb cu Chrjùr&, Cb pnus bnnb h phss cb l`girbux

hdd`rcs chrgbgblt hvbd cbs phys cHjrfqub. sùvblt bl drfsb !YCD. Lhgfifb. &, Chls nh ggb

vbflb bnnb vblc hussf cu ghtrfbn cbltrhflbgblt bt pr`p`sb cbs j`rghtf`ls gfnfthfrbs cbs `jjfdfbrs

bt hux gfnfthfrbs cu rhlo,

Dbs p`nftfqubs chrgbgblt thlt phrj`fs bl vf`nhtf`l cbs d`lvbltf`ls fltbrlhtf`lhnbs sur nhrgbgblt

bt phsshlt ùtrb nbs bgihro`s !ghfs nh Yussfb lb jhfs phs gfbux&, Nb tùt shupùcr cul ghlqub

vfcblt cb trhlsphrbldb sur nbs systgbs bt nbs jnux cb trhlshdtf`l !dj, nb rhpp`rt cHglbsty

Fltbrlhtf`lhn&, Cb pnus nutfnfshtf`l cfltbrgcfhfrb rblj`rdb dbttb `phdft chls nh p`nftfqubchrgbgblt bltrb nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub,

Fn jhut phr d`ltrb hlhnysbr nbs bjjbts cb sbs p`nftfqubs, Dhr rbgbtt`ls nbs bl pbrspbdtfvbs. nbs

`ddfcblthux lb s`lt phs pnus vbrtubux db lfvbhux n d`ggb `l h ck pu nb v`fr, Cb pnus dbs

cbrlfrbs hllbs. sùdfbusb cb s`l fghob cb l`l'florbldb nh Daflb sbginb hv`fr rhnbltf nb rytagb

chls db c`ghflb, Sùtbj`fs. fn jhut ifbl d`gprblcrb qub sbs phrtblhrfhts d`ggbrdfhux `lt bu nbs

rbt`gis bsd`gpts phr nh Daflb ; nùvbrturb. ordb hux lo`dfhtf`ls hutùr cb nhrgbgblt cbs

ghrdas lbrotfqubs bt cbs d`ltrhts cbxpn`fthtf`ls cbs phys hjrfdhfls !bxbgpnb ; Nb Tùchl c`lt

bnnb fgp`rtb 1=" cu ptr`nb84&,

Db v`nbt cb nh strhtofb Dafl`fsb bl Hjrfqub fdf bld`rb pnusfburs hvhlthobs, Chls ul prbgfbr tbgps

nh Daflb dùnb sbs hrgbs bt jhft c`ld cbs rbdbttbs sur db pnhl, Chls ul cbuxfgb tbgps. bt dbst n

tùt nfltrt strhtofqub cb nh ghluvrb. dbs phys sùvrblt hux lo`dfhtf`ls d`ggbrdfhnbs. bl

phrtfdunfbr hu lfvbhu lbrotfqub !ptr`nb&, Bljfl pùr jflfr. dbnh pbrgbt nh Daflb trhvbrs dbs

phrtblhrfhts. chssurbr s`l fljnubldb sur nbs phys d`ldbrls,

89

attp;www,hglbsty,`rojrnfirhryhssbtHJY23=869==?jrc4i616ci'c46:'88cc'h496'9j3:4=9h1dd:hjr23=869==?jr,atgn84

attp;www,hrtb,tvjrnh'daflb'bt'nb'pbtr`nb'sùchlhfs::9=16:.DgD7::98=4=,atgn


8/13

FFF, Nb v`nbt s`dfthn bt dunturbn ; vbdtbur cfljnubldb bt chddbpthtf`l

Lùs hi`rc`ls ghfltblhlt nb tr`fsfgb v`nbt cb nh strhtofb dafl`fsb, Fn bst pbut'trb nb pnus jfl. bt

shldrb chls ulb nòfqub cb s`jt p`wbr 83 . db ibn ùtfn cb nfltbnnfobldb d`l`gfqub bt cb nh

o`p`nftfqub bl olrhn, Dbst trhvbrs sbs hdtf`ls dunturbnnbs bt s`dfthnbs cb pnus bl pnus

l`girbusbs qub nh Daflb glb sh strhtofb nh pnus jflb. bt db trhvbrs cb l`girbux dhlhux ;

j`rghtf`ls bt cudhtf`ls. gcfhs. sp`rts. nhloubs. dahlobs bt kugbnhobs. , Hvbd d`ggb ìkbdtfj

cb pbrgbttrb ulb gbfnnbur d`gprablsf`l d`ggulb bt ul phrthob cb vhnburs. cu g`fls bst'db n nb

iut hjjfdabr,

Bl bjjbt cbrrfrb nbs i`llbs fltbltf`ls fn y h ulb strhtofb cb pltrhtf`l cu d`ltflblt tùkùrs

prsbltb, Hu vu cu l`girb dr`fsshlt cb rbss`rtfsshlts dafl`fs bl Hjrfqub !tucfhlts. ùvrfbrs.bgpn`ys cbs usflbs dafl`fsbs. d`ggbrdfhux. tùrfstbs.&

82. nul cbs sùdfs prfldfphux cb ]efl bst

qub dbs cbrlfbrs sfltorblt hu gfbux chls nbs phys chddubfn cb jh`l vftbr cbs dnhsas quf

lufrhfblt sbs hgiftf`ls d`l`gfqubs, Bl bjjbt hukùrcauf dbst prt cb 8 2== === rbss`rtfsshlts

dafl`fs quf vfvblt bl Hjrfqub. d`ltrb ?2= === bl 9==6 bt 84= === bl 9==:, Rlb dr`fsshldb quf

pùrrhft hnhrgbr nbs p`punhtf`ls c` ulb v`n`lt cb nh phrt cb nh Daflb cb gbttrb bl pnhdb cbs

hdtf`ls vfshlt. hu jflhn. jhfrb hddbptbr bt fltorbr sbs rbss`rtfsshlts, Fn y h cbrrfrb sbs hdtf`ls nh

v`n`lt cb lb phs hpphrhftrb d`ggb ulb lùvbnnb pufsshldb d`n`lfhnfstb, Nh prsbldb cb pnus bl pnus

fgp`rthltb cb quhrtfbr cb typb Daflh S`wl flqufthlt phrj`fs nbs hjrfdhfls, Bnnb kùb chfnnburs

db pr`p`s j`rtbgblt nh dhrtb cb nbltrhfcb bltrb phys bl cvbn`ppbgblt, Fn bxfstb ul dbrthfl l`girb

cb gbsurb qufn bst fltrbsshlt cv`qubr n`rsqu`l hi`rcb db v`nbt s`df`'dunturbn,

Nul cbs prbgfbrs ùtfns cb dbttb strhtofb bst ncudhtf`l bt nh j`rghtf`l nh dunturb bt nh nhloub cb

nBgpfrb cu gfnfbu, ]ùr sb jhfrb cbpufs qubnqubs hllbs pùssblt phrtùt chls nb g`lcb cbs

dbltrbs D`ljudfus. dbltrb dunturbn dafl`fs, Bl 9=88 fns thfblt hu l`girb cb96 rphrtfs chls ulb

vflothflb cb phys hjrfdhfls8:. nb prbgfbr hyhlt ùvbrt Lhfrìf hu Eblyh bl 9==2, H dbs cbrlfbrs

shkùtblt nbs iùrsbs hu grftb vbrs nh Daflb. cbs phrtblhrfhts bltrb d`nbs bt ulfvbrsfts. hflsf

quulb gìfnft quf lb d`ldbrlb phs qub nbs tucfhlts. ghfs hussf nbs kbulbs cfpngs bt ggb nburs

pr`jbssburs, Cb pnus. ul l`girb dr`fsshlt cblsbfolhlts dafl`fs vfbllblt cfspblsbr nburs shv`frs bl

Hjrfqub, Rl blsbginb cb gbsurbs quf lb pbuvblt qutrb nùhinb cu g`fls cb prfgbs hi`rcs, Ghfs.

nbs rbss`rtfsshlts dafl`fs hpprbllblt tfns nb w`n`j. nb swhafnf. ù nh nhloub cbs tbrrft`frbs hvbd quf fns

gbttblt bl pnhdb sbs p`lts dunturbns. ly h't'fn phs ul j`ldtf`llbgblt sbls ulfqub 0 Fn lbl

rbstb phs g`fls qufn y h ulb rbnnb fldfthtf`l ndahlob,

Nb sbd`lc ùtfn qub n`l c`ft hi`rcbr bst nb nbvfbr jflhldfbr, Fn sb trhcuft bl phrtfdunfbr trhvbrs nbs

hfcbs jflhldfrbs qub pr`p`sb nh Daflb, Nh Daflb sùs dùvbrt chfcb hu cvbn`ppbgblt jflhldb

l`rggblt cb pr`kbts bl Hjrfqub, Sùt chi`rc bl hpp`rthlt cbs hfcbs jflhldfrbs cfrbdtbs. bnnb h

hflsf bl 9==4. pufs bl 9==:. bt d`ggb nh hll`ld bl 9==6 Nfu [ablgfl nb rbprsblthlt hck`flt

83

attp;gbrfcfbl,dhlhninò,d`ghrdafvbs9==:=99?834:?=2,atgn82 attp;www,fljòubrrb,jrghtrfdbs'strhtbofqubsdaflb'pr`tbobr'rbss`rtfsshlts'blnbvbgblts'hjrfqub8:

attp;www,snhtbhjrfqub,d`g:9=2hjrfqub'daflb'ghlchrfl'bgpn`f


9/13

pbrghlblt dafl`fs n@LR. ck hllun 82= cbttbs cb 49 phys hjrfdhfls8?, Cb pnus bnnb pr`p`sb hux

phys hjrfdhfls hvbd nbsqubns bnnb bst bl rbnhtf`l cbs prts bt cbs drcfts cbs thux trs hvhlthobux

v`fr thux zr`81, Bnnb h hflsf hll`ld jfl kufnnbt cbrlfbr qubnnb cùinbrh nb g`lthlt cb sbs prts bl

Hjrfqub pùr httbflcrb 9= gfnnfhrcs cb c`nnhrs86, H dbnh shkùtb cbs c`ls orhdfbusbgblt bjjbdtus

qufn s`ft jflhldfbrs ù ghtrfbns, Cb nh ggb ghlfrb ]efl hdd`gpholb cb l`girbux pr`kbts bt

phrtfdfpb nh gfsb bl pnhdb cb l`girbusbs fljrhstrudturbs !rùtbs. v`fbs jbrrbs. apfthux. d`nbs.

&,

Dbs nhrobssbs lb s`lt tùtbj`fs phs orhtuftbs. ggb sf `jjfdfbnnbgblt bnnbs lb s`lt sùgfsbs hudulb

d`lcftf`l p`nftfqub ù d`l`gfqub, Lb lùs v`fn`ls phs nh jhdb. bnnbs s`lt trs sùvblt nfbs

nùvbrturb cbs ghrdas hjrfdhfls. nh lo`dfhtf`l cb d`ltrhts cbxpn`fthtf`l bt cb gfsbs bl vhnbur

cbs rbssùrdbs lbrotfqubs bt gflfrbs cbs phys quf bl iljfdfblt, Cb pnus nbs hfcbs s`lt sùvblt

jhftbs bl lhturb ù hdd`gpholblt cbs pr`kbts cb cvbn`ppbgblt tùrls vbrs nbs sbdtburs cb

nlbrofb. cbs tnd`ggulfdhtf`ls bt cbs trhlsp`rts, Cbs da`fx quf vfsblt tbrgb jhdfnftbr nhdds bt

nbxpn`fthtf`l cbs ghrdas c`lt nh Daflb sùahftb tfrbr nbs jrufts, Fn lb jhut phs dr`frb cb i`ls

sbltfgblts csfltrbsss. nb iut thlt nh j`fs cb rblj`rdbr nbs rbnhtf`ls sfl`' hjrfdhflbs. cùvrfr nbs

vhllbs cb nfgp`rthtf`l bt cb nbxp`rthtf`l, Ghfs hussf chttfrbr nh sygphtafb. nh rbd`llhfsshldb. bt

hu jflhn ulb s`rtb cbttb g`rhn cb nh phrt culb Hjrfqub quf pùrrhf sb sbltfr rbcbvhinb,

Hukùrcauf nh Daflb flvbstft l`rggblt chls db v`nbt bt db bl phrtfdunfbr bl Hjrfqub cb n@ubst. hu

Ilfl. bl Dtb cFv`frb. hu Sò`. bt hu Lfobr. pùr dftbr nbs prfldfphux,

FZ, Nb v`nbt d`l`gfqub ; nb dur cb nh strhtofb dafl`fsb

NHjrfqub hukùrcauf ulb pnhdb rbnnbgblt fgp`rthltb sur nh sdlb fltbrlhtf`lhnb. dbst ul

d`ltflblt j`rt culb p`punhtf`l l`girbusb. kbulb bt bld`rb pbu dùtbusb. quf p`sscb cb orhlcs

ghrdas bld`rb flbxpn`fts. bt nh pnhdb pùr cb lùvbhux, Dbst. cb pnus. ulb l`rgb rsbrvbs cb

rbssùrdbs lhturbnnbs !ptr`nbs. gflbrhfs. i`fs. & pr`prb hnfgbltbr nh dr`fsshldb cbs phys

flcustrfhnfss,

H,

Rlb rbnhtf`l d`l`gfqub sfl`'hjrfdhflb cb pnus bl pnus j`rtb

Db s`lt vfcbggblt cbs jhdtburs quf l`lt phs dahpp nh Daflb, Fn y h bu cbpufs nb ciut cbs

hllbs 1= ulb dr`fsshldb fgprbssf`llhltb cbs dahlobs d`ggbrdfhux bltrb nBgpfrb cu gfnfbu bt

nHjrfqub. dbttb hllb db v`nugb cbvrhft cphssbr nbs 9== gfnnfhrcs cb c`nnhrs9=, Nh Daflb bst

8? attp;jrblda,pb`pnbchfny,d`g,dlBd`l`gfb:?16626,atgn81 attp;bd`l`gfb,kbulbhjrfqub,d`gjflhldbsbdtbursihlqubs8386=''daflh'bxfg'ihle''cbs'yuhls'pùr'nhjrfqub,atgn86

attp;www,nbg`lcb,jrhsfb'phdfjfqubhrtfdnb9=89=?86nh'daflb'cùinb'nb'g`lthlt'cb'sbs'prbts'bl'

hjrfqub'h'9='gfnnfhrcs'cb'c`nnhrsP8?42311P498:,atgn9= attp;www,hjrfquflj`s,d`ghrtfdnbs9=89889?v`nugb'd`ggbrdb'daflb'hjrfqub'cbvrhft'cbphssbr'gfnnfhrcs'c`nnhrs'9=89'984:64,hsp


10/13

hukùrcauf nb prbgfbr jùrlfssbur cbvhlt nHnnbgholb. nh Jrhldb ù nbs Bthts Rlfs, N ` nbsphys

`ddfcblthux v`fblt nbur v`nugb cfgp`rthtf`ls cfgflu. dbnuf cb ]efl lb dbssb cb dr`ftrb,

Nh phrt cbs fgp`rthtf`ls dafl`fsbs cb ptr`nb hjrfdhfl bst prp`lcrhltb chls sbs dahlobs !guntfpnf

phr 8= bltrb nh jfl cbs hllbs 6= bt hukùrcauf&, Sùtbj`fs. i`fs. gflbrhfs bt pfbrrbs prdfbusbs

tfbllblt hussf ulb pnhdb trs fgp`rthltb chls nbs bxp`rthtf`ls Hjrfdhflbs vbrs nh Daflb, Lùinf`lsphs qub nh Daflb bst ul phys j`rtbgblt flcustrfbn bt qub pùr jhfrb j`ldtf`llbr tùtb dbttb ghdaflb

pr`cudtfvb bnnb h cfgp`rthlts ibs`fls bl rbssùrdbs lbrotfqub. bt bl ghtfrbs prbgfrbs !nbs

lùvbnnbs p`nftfqubs cb tbrrbs rhrbs bl s`lt ul i`l bxbgpnb&,

H dbnh shkùtb cbs bxp`rthtf`ls bl pr`cufts ghlujhdturs cb jhfinbs bt g`ybllbs ohggbs j`rtb

vhnbur hkùtb cb pnus bl pnus fgp`rthltbs bl Hjrfqub. hu p`flt qub nb ghrda hjrfdhfl bst

hukùrcauf fl`lc cb pr`cufts dafl`fs, Nhdds hux ghrdas cu d`ltflblt l`fr thlt jhdfnft phr cbs

l`rgbs sùvblt g`fls bxfobhltbs qub dbnnbs cbs `ddfcblthux, Dbnh lbst tùtbj`fs phs shls

d`lsqubldb sur nb ghrda n`dhn. nbs pr`cufts ghcb fl daflh thlt sùvblt g`fls darb qub nbs

pr`cufts n`dhux, Sùtbj`fs cb lùvbhux hdd`rcs s`lt vblus tbltbr cb rbdtfjfbr nb tfr bl rcufshlt sbsfgp`rthtf`ls hjrfdhflbs chls dbrthfls phys. bt sur dbrthfls sbdtburs !Hjrfqub cu Tuc bt nb tbxtfnb phr

bxbgpnb&,

Hukùrcauf dbst pnus cb 9=== bltrbprfsbs dafl`fsbs quf j`lt cbs hjjhfrbs sur nb s`n hjrfdhfl, Bl

phrtfdunfbr chls nbs c`ghflbs cu IS]. cbs tnd`ggulfdhtf`ls. cu tùrfsgb. Dbs bltrbprfsbs `lt

nhvhlthob ctrb untrh d`gptftfvbs phr rhpp`rt hux bltrbprfsbs `ddfcblthnbs bt n`dhnbs !4=" g`fls

dabrs qub nbs orhlcs orùpbs `ddfcblthux&. db quf nbur pbrgbt. hprs hv`fr cdr`da. cbs d`ltrhts cb

pr`cudtf`l cb sflsthnnbr sur nb s`n hjrfdhfl, Cb pnus ul dbrthfl l`girb cb gbsurbs chfcbs dbs

flsthnnhtf`ls bxfstb bl Daflb pùr fldftbr S]B bt ]GB cn`dhnfsbr . dbnnb'df hyhlt sùvblt cu ghn

d`ldurrbldbr nbs bltrbprfsbs thtfqubs chls nburs pr`prb phys,

NHjrfqub pr`jftb vfcbggblt orhlcbgblt cbs hfcbs. cbs flvbstfssbgblts bt cbs dahlobs dafl`fs

v`qus pnus ahut, Bl tg`folb nbs cghrdabs bltrb nh D`ggulhut Bd`l`gfqub Cbs Bthts

cHjrfqub cb n@ubst !DBCBH@& bt ]efl98, Nh strudturb cbs FCB nhfssb chfnnburs pblsbr ulb rbnhtf`l

cb n`lo tbrgb bltrb nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub, Nflvbstfssbgblt bl Hjrfqub cb n@ubst vfshlt hgnf`rbr

nbs qufpbgblts bt flkbdtbr cbs dhpfthux chls nbs bltrbprfsbs hjrfdhflbs. phrtfdfphlt chfnnburs hflsf

chls ulb dbrthflb gbsurb ul pr`dbssus cb rj`rgbs bt cb prfvhtfshtf`ls,

Dbs hgnf`rhtf`ls bt g`cbrlfshtf`ls hpp`rtblt ulb pbrspbdtfvb rbnnb cb cvbn`ppbgblt pùr nbs

phys hjrfdhfls, Bl tg`folb. nh drhtf`l cb z`lbs d`l`gfqubs tbnnbs qub dbnnb quf sbst gfsb bl pnhdbbl Hjrfqub cb n@ubst, Nb d`ltflblt l`fr ctfblt ghfltblhlt cbs dns pùr hdd`gpholbr sb

cvbn`ppbgblt,

98 attp;www,nbs`nbfn,slflcbx,pap0`ptf`l7d`gPd`ltblt*vfbw7hrtfdnb*fc79818:;sfolhturb'cul'hdd`rc'cb'd``pbrhtf`l'bd`l`gfqub'dbcbh`'daflb*dhtfc7?1;h'nh'ulb


11/13

I, Cbs rbnhtf`ls quf lb s`lt phs shls d`lsqubldbs

Nbs dahlobs d`ggbrdfhux bt nbs cfjjrbltbs fgpnhlthtf`ls cbltrbprfsbs lb s`lt tùtbj`fs phs shls

d`lsqubldbs pùr nbs d`l`gfbs hjrfdhflbs, ]rbgfrbgblt nbs flvbstfssbgblts. nbs fljrhstrudturbs

hflsf qub nbs hfcbs dafl`fsbs s`lt nb pnus sùvblt nfbs hux ibs`fls cb dbs cbrlfbrs, Bl bjjbt. bnnbs `lttblchldbs hv`fr pùr iut cb jhdfnftbr tbrgb nbxpn`fthtf`l cbs rbssùrdbs. ghtfrbs prbgfrbs bt

lbrofbs !ptr`nb& cu d`ltflblt l`fr, Nb rfsqub thlt ul ghlqub hjrfdhfl cb cfvbrsfjfdhtf`l cb s`l

cvbn`ppbgblt,

Nfl`lchtf`l cb pr`cufts ghlujhdturs bt nhpphrftf`l cbltrbprfsbs dafl`fsbs tr`p d`gptftfvbs vfs''

vfs cbs pr`cufts bt bltrbprfsbs n`dhnbs. bloblcrb cbs tblsf`ls s`dfhnbs sùs'khdbltbs99 . bl jrhofnfshlt

phrj`fs nb tfssus flcustrfbns cbs phys chddubfns,Cb pnus l`girb cbltrbprfsbs dafl`fsbs fgp`rtblt nh

ghfl cuvrb cb Daflb94. vfthlt hflsf nbs juftbs cb shv`frs jhfrb bt nbs trhlsjbrts tbdal`nòfqubs c`lt

`l d`llht nbs d`llhfsshldbs chls nbs rbnhtf`ls sfl`'`ddfcblthnbs bt qub ]efl vbut vftbr, Dbnh hyhlt

tùtbj`fs pùr bjjbt cb nfgftbr nh drhtf`l cb rfdabssbs hjrfdhflbs,

H dbnh shkùtb nb da`fx cbs rbnhtf`ls nb pnus sùvblt ifnhtrhnbs phr nh Daflb, Rl j`ldtf`llbgblt cb

phys phys bt c`ld l`l d`nnbdtfj quf luft hu cvbn`ppbgblt d``prhtfj hjrfdhfls ! phs culf`l jhft nh

j`rdb & pùr d`ltrbihnhldbr nh pufsshldb dafl`fsb, Sùtbj`fs nbs phys cHjrfqub `lt su rhofr

rdbggblt. hvbd phr bxbgpnb nh DBCBH@ bl Hjrfqub cb n@ubst. cb jh`l vftbr cb suifr tr`p

fltblsgblt nbs v`n`lts dafl`fsbs,

Fn jhut tùtbj`fs rbnhtfvfsbr sbs d`lsqubldbs. quf d`ggbldblt trb prfsb bl d`gptb chls ulb

dbrthflb gbsurb phr ]efl chls sbs da`fx strhtofqubs, @l nb rbghrqub trhvbrs nh cfvbrsfjfdhtf`l

rdbltb cb sbs flvbstfssbgblts bl Hjrfqub. bl phrtfdunfbr nùbst, Dbnh rbstb tùtbj`fs ul da`fxstrhtofqub. nh cbghlcb fltrfburb dafl`fsb sfltblsfjfhlt. fn nuf jhut trùvbr cb lùvbhux ghrdas, Bl

phrtfdfphlt hdtfvbgblt hux cvbn`ppbgblts d`l`gfqubs hjrfdhfls. bnnbs drblt bnnb'ggb nbs

d`lcftf`ls culb cbghlcb juturb bt nbs g`ybls cy rp`lcrb, @l pbut chfnnburs prblcrb nbxbgpnb

cu p`rt cb D`t`lù hu Ilfl quf jhutb cb g`cbrlfshtf`l lb pùvhft rp`lcrb hux ibs`fls,

99 attp;www,abd,jrvhrjrbst`rhob`rfoflhnhppnfdhtf`l426?113bj34:db2c36i3:9=98c3b9:??,pcj94

attp;www,dùrrfbrfltbrlhtf`lhn,d`ghrtfdnb9=8=8=98cbs'dafl`fs'ul'pbu'tr`p'bld`girhlts


12/13

D`ldnusf`l

Nh Daflb bst hukùrcauf ul phrtblhfrb fld`ltùrlhinb cb nHjrfqub, @l h pu v`fr trhvbrs nbs

cfjjrblts v`nbts qubnnb h su gbttrb bl pnhdb ulb strhtofb onìhnb sur nb d`ltflblt hjrfdhfl, Bnnb h su

trhvbrs ul hppuf p`nftfqub. jflhldfbr bt phrj`fs gfnfthfrb sb ohrhltfr ulb pnhdb cb da`fx sur nbs ghrdas

hjrfdhfls bt db tùt bl httluhlt nh prbssf`l fltbrlhtf`lhnb, Bl lb sbgihrrhsshlt phs cb dbrthflbs

d`ltrhfltbs cbs phys `ddfcblthux bt bl cfjjrbldfhlt s`l g`cnb d`l`gfqub bnnb h pr`jft cbs z`lbs

pròrbssfvbgblt cnhfssbs phr dbs cbrlfbrs pùr flsthurbr ul phrtblhrfht nudrhtfj bt strhtofqub, Bl

hrrfvhlt drbr ulb sylbrofb chls sbs hdtf`ls cbxpn`fthtf`ls. cflvbstfssbgblts bt chgnf`rhtf`ls

cbs fljrhstrudturbs bnnb h su cvbn`ppbr ul systgb pr`prb hdd`gpholbr sh dr`fsshldb bt

sdurfsbr bt prbllfsbr s`l hppr`vfsf`llbgblt bl rbssùrdbs, Cb pnus cb phr sbs hfcbs jflhldfrbs bt

sbs flvbstfssbgblts bnnbs sb drblt cb lùvbhux ghrdas bl Hjrfqub pr`prb cfvbrsfjfbr nbs hdtfvfts

cb sbs bltrbprfsbs bt drbr ulb juturb cbghlcb hjrfdhflb, Bnnb h gfs bl pnhdb ulb strhtofb nh j`fs

cb g`ybl bt cb n`lo tbrgb c`lt bnnb rd`ntbrh nbs jrufts pblchlt bld`rb cb l`girbusbs hllbs,

Bnnb lbst tùtbj fs phs nh sbunb quf pr`jftb db phrtblhrfht, Nbs phys cHjrfqub `lt trùv hflsf ul

g`tbur cb cvbn`ppbgblt quf rbstb bld`rb prbllfsbr, Nhgnf`rhtf`l cb nburs qufpbgblts bt

fljrhstrudturbs. ggb `rfblts. s`lt cbs htùts cb dr`fsshldbs juturbs, Cb pnus nb d`ggbrdb hvbd nh

Daflb rbstb trs rblthinb bt rbgpnft nbs dhfssbs cb l`girbux Bthts !bl phrtfdunfbr ordb hux ptr`nbs&,

Nbs hfcbs bt nbs jhdfnfts jflhldfrbs pbrgbttblt hux phys hjrfdhfls chdd`gpholbr nh j`fs nb

cvbn`ppbgblt cb nburs s`dfts bt nburs bltrbs chls nd`l`gfb fltbrlhtf`lhnb,

TF nbs rhpp`rts cb j`rdbs bltrb nbs cbux phrtfbs phrhfssblt bld`rb flohux. fn lbl rbstb phs g`fls qub

nbs cbux y trùvblt nbur d`gptb, Nh Daflb flvbstft c`ld hukùrcauf l`rggblt chls nHjrfqub cb

cbghfl, H g`ybl tbrgb pùr prbllfsbr sh pr`prb d`l`gfb bt n`lo tbrgb pùr sb drbr ul rbn

phrtblhfrb hvbd quf nuttbr d`ltrb nbs orhlcbs pufsshldbs `ddfcblthnbs thlt hu p`flt cb vub

o`p`nftfqub qub o`d`l`gfqub,

Nh strhtofb dafl`fsb p`sscb tùtbj`fs ul orhlc l`girb cb sfgfnftucbs hvbd nbs strhtofbs

d`n`lfhnfstbs afst`rfqubs cbs phys `ddfcblthux. nh pufsshldb gfnfthfrb hyhlt thft rbgpnhdb phr nh

pufsshldb d`l`gfqub, @l pbut cs n`rs sfltbrròbr sur nb cbvblfr cbs fltrts p`nftfd`'d`l`gfqub

cbs phys `ddfcblthux bl Hjrfqub. bt nb ibs`fl cs prsblt culb lùvbnnb strhtofb gbttrb blpnhdb. pùr jhfrb jhdb nhstudfbusb `jjblsfvb dafl`fsb chls db d`ltbxtb cb oubrrb d`l`gfqub,


13/13

Ifinfòrhpafb

Nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub. Nbs jhfts bt nbs Dafjjrb P vhnuhtf`l cbs rbnhtf`ls d`ggbrdfhnbs. cb

nflvbstfssbgblt bt cb nhfcb puinfqub hu cvbn`ppbgblt . Cr, Dabfea Sfcfhlb CFBVB bt Hsshtù

CFHNN@. nb dbltrb hjrfdhfl pùr nb d`ggbrdb. nfltorhtf`l bt nb cvbn`ppbgblt. sbptbgirb. 9=89

nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub ; ul lùvbhu phrtblhrfht pùr nb cvbn`ppbgblt 0 . Yfdahrc Tdafbrb. N`ldb

Lcfeughlh bt ]btbr _hnebla`rst. Orùpb cb nh Ihlqub hjrfdhflb cb cvbn`ppbgblt. 9=88

Nbs dahlobs bltrb nh Daflb bt nHjrfqub. Tftuhtf`l hdtubnnb. pbrspbdtfvbs bt sùrdbs pùr nhlhnysb .

Kbhl'Yhpahn Dahp`llfrb. 9==:

Ybnhtf`l Daflb Hjrfqub ; Nbs dafjjrbs culb v`nutf`l junourhltb . Jhrh Gfdabn Cfyb. Cfrbdt flj`.

9=89

nh Daflb bl Hjrfqub ; ulb rhnft luhldbr . Jrhl`fs Nhjhroub. 9==6

N/Hjrfqub. ul bxpn`sfj bnc`rhc` cu QQF b sfdnb . Khdqubs Auibrt'Y`cfbr. 9=8=

Nbs rbnhtf`ls Daflb'Hjrfqub !9& ; Nh strhtofb dafl`fsb . Ihihdhr Tbde. 9=89

Nflvbstfssbgblt cbs bltrbprfsbs dafl`fsbs bl Hjrfqub . Nfu Xf`lo. nh Daflb hu prsblt. 9=8=

C`ssfbr Daflb'Hjrfqub ; bltrb gytabs bt rhnfts . Dnhrh Hrlhuc. 9=89

Daflb'Hjrfqub ; dahlobs d`ggbrdfhux bl j`rtb dr`fsshldb . Kbulb Hjrfqub. 9=89

hnobr nh dafl`fsb . Shrbe Ahjfc. 9=89

Dafbl'Bthts'Rlfs ; phssb chrgbs bl tbrrb hjrfdhflb . Lfd`nhs Sbfssbrbld. 9=89

nh gta`cb dafl`fsb . ], Hfrhunt. 9==6

Drfsb cu Chrjùr. flcfdb rvnhtbur cb nh p`nftqub chddr`fssbgblt cb pufsshldb cb nh Daflb bl

Hjrfqub Btucb cb nBOB. Cdbgirb 9==?

Yhjjflhob ; nh nulb cb gfbn hvbd nh Daflb bstbnnb tbrgflb 0 Ghre Bnnf`tt. 9=89

Tftb `jjfdfbn cu Gflfstrb cu D`ggbrdb cb nh Ypuinfqub p`punhfrb cb Daflb ;attp;jrblda,g`jd`g,o`v,dl

Tftb `jjdfbn cu j`rug sur nh d``prhtf`l sfl`'hjrfdhflb ;

attp;www,jgprd,o`v,dlzjntjrhzjoxcjzdt6282:4,atg

attp;www,flsbhcel`wnbcob,d`g,dlsfgDaflhHjfdhHnnfhldb=6=?8?,djg

attp;www,daflhjrfdh,dldaflbsbkgtxt9=89'8998d`ltbltP2=1449,atg
http://french.mofcom.gov.cn/http://french.mofcom.gov.cn/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/fra/zfgx/dfzc/t951563.htmhttp://www.inseadknowledge.com.cn/sim/ChinaAficaAlliance090717.cfmhttp://www.inseadknowledge.com.cn/sim/ChinaAficaAlliance090717.cfmhttp://www.chinafrica.cn/chinese/jm/txt/2012-12/21/content_508332.htmhttp://www.chinafrica.cn/chinese/jm/txt/2012-12/21/content_508332.htmhttp://www.chinafrica.cn/chinese/jm/txt/2012-12/21/content_508332.htmhttp://www.inseadknowledge.com.cn/sim/ChinaAficaAlliance090717.cfmhttp://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/fra/zfgx/dfzc/t951563.htmhttp://french.mofcom.gov.cn/

dossier chine afrique 12.01.2013 w.xu t.bourgoin

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