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ELNAZIR MOHAMED

KI081078

SUPERVISOR : ASSOC PROF

.KHAIRUL SALLEH

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PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT

CONCRETE

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Background

Problem statement

Objectiveofstudy

Significanceoftheresearch

Literature Review

Methodology

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LWC : Lightweight concrete

LWA : Light weight aggregateLWAC : Lightweight Concrete

GGBFS : Ground Granulated blast furnace slag

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The lightweight concrete in construction industry has

become popular in the past few decades due to its some

benefits. The benefits of using LWC include: reduce dead

load, improved resistance to cyclic loading longer spans

better, fire ratings, thinner structural member, less

reinforcing etc.

Earlier use of LWAC occurred about two thousand years ago

when the Romans built the Pantheon and the Colosseum in

Rome.

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Malaysia used to import the lightweight aggregate from

France and Germany, and in 1983, lightweight concrete

wall panel factory was set up at Nilai, Negeri Sembilan.

(Lightweight Construction Methodology LCM) is

the one of the factories producing LWC in Malaysia

and they have experience to develop LWC industry .

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This study will mainly involve the design mix of LWAC

using ground granulated blast furnace slag, palm oil shells

,cement and fine aggregate . The mixture produced should

reach a compressive strength of 30Mpa and comply with

certain standard , tests and procedures of producing LWAC .

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1-To compare between the conventional concrete mix and the

LWAC.

2-To study the properties of LWAC due to cement replacement in

different percentages with GGBFS in terms of compressive

strength , workability and the degree of compaction..

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To produce Laboratory test specimens for LWAC design

mix with composition of cement ,slag cement , palm oil

shells , fine aggregate and water .

To test and certify that the slag cement mixes have achieved

intended aims through systematic testing according to the

ASTM specification as well as relevant analytical

procedures .

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The significance of this study is to provide better understanding

of the LWC characteristic . Also exposing myself to the LWC in

the real World and Allows me to apply the technique and carry

out the compressive strength test.

It also will focus on the lightweight aggregate concrete which

produced of the concrete design mix and which additive can be

added to the mix to make the mixer very suitable by using slag

cement and palm oil shells .

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Lightweight concrete is similar to normal weight concrete

except that it has a lower density .It made with LWA or with

a combination of lightweight and normal weight aggregates .

The main properties of LWC are low density and thermal

conductivity .

Its main advantages of using LWC in construction are a

reduction of dead load and faster building rates in

construction .

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Lightweight concrete can be prepared either by injecting air

in its composition or it can be achieved by omitting the finer

sizes of the aggregate or even replacing them by a hollow ,

cellular or porous aggregate . Particularly lightweight

concrete can be categorized into three groups

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1. NO FINE CONCRETE

considered as a lightweight concrete, is a mixture of cement

water and single sized coarse aggregate combined to produce

a porous structural materials ,it has a high volume of voids

which as factor responsible to produce lower strength and

lightweight concrete .

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2. LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE

LWAC has been successful used in wide range of construction fromconventional dwellings and office blocks to complex highly

specialized structures .

performance in service in terms of safety serviceability and

durability which under suitability of the materials for structural

application .

There are many physical properties of light weight aggregate concrete

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3. AERATED / FOAMED CONCRETE

Aerated concrete does not contain coarse aggregate

and can be regarded as an aerated mortar .

It can be made by introducing air or other form of

gases into a cement slurry and fine sand , and sand

replaced by pulverized fuel ash or other siliceous

materials .

There are two methods to prepare the aerated

concrete .

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1. The first method is to inject the gas into the mixing during its

plastic condition by means of a chemical reaction , use this

method in precast concrete .

2. In second method air is introduced either by mixing in stable

foam or by whipping in air, this method is mainly used for in

situ-concrete ,suitable for insulation roof screeds .

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ADVANTAGES

Lower dead load

Better physical properties:

Rapid and relatively simple construction

DISADVANTAGE S

Very sensitive with water content in mixers .

Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete toassure proper mixing .

More brittle

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In this chapter provides proportion of LWAC mix design and

compare it with normal concrete mix.

The materials used for making of LWAC as Slag cement,

palm oil shells , fine aggregate , Portland cement and water .

Laboratory test will be in compressive strength , density ,

slump test ,Compaction factor .

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METHODOLOGY

MIX DESIGN

PARAMETERS

PREPARING

CONCRETE

CURING

MIXING SAMPLING &

COMPACTING

TESTING SPECIMENS

COMPRESSIVE

STRENGHTDENSITY

COMPACTION

FACTORSLUMP TEST

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Design mix will be based on the British standard

institution BS6699: 1992 Specification for ground

granulated blast furnace slag for use with Portland

cement .

The GGBFS will be replaced as 30 , 40 and 50

from the weight of cement.

palm oil shells will be used as coarse aggregate .

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Concrete application Slag cement

Concrete paving 25 50%

Basement floors 25- 50%

Footings 30 65 %

Walls & column 25 -50%

Pre-stressed & Pre cast concrete 25- 50%

Concrete Blocks 25 50%

High strength 25 -50 %

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DESIGN MIX OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE

CONCRETE

Component

Cement

GGBFS (%, 30% , 40% , 50%)

ter

Fine ggreg teP lm oil shells

Water cement ratio (.40 - .55 )

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