copyright & ipr

Intellectual property rights8/12/2015

JacquesFolon,Ph.D.www.folon.com

PartnerEdgeConsulting

MaîtredeconférencesUniversitédeLiègeChargédecoursICHECBrusselsProfesseurinvité

UniversitédeLorraineESCRennes

Available on line www.fedweb.belgium.be in French & Dutch

Some IPR Criticisms

3http://pyersedandridge.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/website-home-page-critique-550x322.jpg

A short history of copyright

80% of the Internet Users do consider that Pyracy is not theft

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COPYRIGHT LENGHT INCREASES

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IPR is outdatedBeaumarchais created

the first copyright society in 1777

FRANCE IS THE

« DROIT D’AUTEUR» COUNTRY

IS IPR a property like any other one?

• No, it is limited in time

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• No, it creates a temporary monopoly position

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IS IPR a property like any other one?

IPR limits art

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What is the purpose of IPR?

• It allows the possibility for an author to live

• It gives various type of protection

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Février 2008

IDEAS

Ideas are not protected works. They are not

subject to property and are free as far as they are not proposed in an

external way (CA Paris 12 sept

1989)

IPR

• Inventions – Patents – GMO – IT Chips

• Signs – Trade mark – Names – Geographical protection

• Esthetical objects & design – Design

• Copyright, droit d’auteur & neighboring rights

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« Droit d’auteur »

Original • « shows the personality of the author » • Plagiarism is not original

Concretization • Ideas are not protected • A minimum of concretization is enough

• two criteria needed

Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet

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Questions to raise before using protected works

• Are these protected works? • Are we authorized to use them? • Do we have a written agreement?

=> what are the basic principles?

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Basic principles

•Exclusive right •70 Years after author’s death •Preliminary authorization • transfer of rights • forbidden by law !!

Crédit image: http://www.tetedequenelle.fr/2010/03/droit-dauteur-mal-tourne/

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Categories

« Droit d’auteur » « copyright system » creative commons assignment of rights Public domain

What is protected ?

TextConferences

theatrechoreography

circusmovie

paintingsmusicphotomaps

architecturesoftwaredesignfashion

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Protection of the work

•Official declaration in the copyright system

•Nothing for « droit d’auteur »

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The Author Copyright system the producer

Droit d’auteur: the individual

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• The author has the exclusive right – to make a copy or accept reproduction – communication to the public – translation – adaptation – sales

• Duration in EU: 70 years after the author’s death

Crédit image: http://www.rtbf.be/culture/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/AFPgoncourt1.jpg

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reproduction right

•A copy of the work •Xerox copy •3D printing •Recording •copy of a film •etc.

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 Contracts   the author is the weak partystrict interpretationassignment of right clause

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The fact that one buys an object does not means that he/she automatically owns the copyrights

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Copyright protection does not vary following

•the nature of the work (music, sculpture, etc.)

•its form (digital, 3D or 2D, etc.) •Its beauty or its price

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Moral rightOnly in some countries end of the work could not be seazed Paternity respect destruction honor & reputation

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Exceptions

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Quotations legal licences reprography family news communication as minor element fair use public domain

FAIR USE

– the usage of the work may be accepted depending on • the usage (education • the type of work • size and quantities of use • consequences on the market share

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Neighboring rights

categories that help the author or created specific rights

!performing artists !producers !broadcasters !database producers

!duration 70 years

Which authorization are needed ?

• Reproduction rights

• Communication to the public • ! each use s/b authorized

• Do not forget moral right

• assignment of right s/b in writing

To whom may we ask the authorization?

• Author • Performing artists • Neighboring rights • Broadcasters • Rightsowners

• Collective organizations may help

Assignment of rights (Droit d’auteur)

• in writing • Strict interpretation • S/B precise

– which right – remuneration – how long – for which territory

• Difference with the copyright system

Sub contractors (droit d’auteur)

• in writing • Strict interpretation • S:B precise

– which right – remuneration – how long – for which territory

• Difference with the copyright system

What if no assignment?

• The author keeps his rights • Negociation at the end of the contract • legal action from the author possible

What is not protected ?

• laws • political speeches (with exceptions) • some public documents

Other licences

«What»

Noauthoriza.onneededasfarasyourespectthelicence

Acontractisneededforanaddi.onaluse(commercialbyinstance)

Example Creative Commons

4 criteria 6 liences

the most popular is CC invented by Lawrence Lessig philosophy oh the library of Alexandria Free as a free speech not as a free

beer

• 4 criteria : – atribute)

– no derivative

– Share-alike

– Non commercial (nc)

Now you know how to handle droit d’auteur, copyright &

neighboring rights

don’t forget it !

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TRADEMARKS

An image, a graphic design

a word, an image

useful to recognize products

forbid confusion with other products

Duration 10 years renewable

by country and for EU

CONDITIONSnot forbid by law

no confusion

new means nothing similar already protected

DISTINCTIVE <> GENERIC, USUAL OU DESCRIPTIVE

Third party could refuse (ex:Apple)

http://fr.slideshare.net/MillwardBrownFrance/classement-brandz-top-100-des-marques-globales-les-plus-puissantes-au-monde-2014

Trademarks, domain names & user names in social media

200 millions domain names 2 billions user names google search identifies user names

crédit image: http://www.them.pro/files/images/domain-names-extensions.jpg

Usernameseasy to obtain

no control

used by search engines

crédit image: http://www.saadkamal.com/social-media/change-facebook-username/

Design & models

Protects appearance if

it is new it is specific Duration 25 years

http://lyc-stpaulnotredame-72.ac-nantes.fr/IMG/jpg/Philippe_Starck_1949-_-_Presse-Agrume_1_.jpg

https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRLU6-6-PHFcb9sXL9Vmx10ANW5L_gBg2a6RL2f79VbD5dxkQFlMg

Promotes research by giving during a limited time (20 years) a monopoly to a person or a company who invent a product a process that is new

Patents

In order to receive a patent 4 conditions :

– new technical effect

– industrial consequences

–new (unknow by the public) –Innovative (as expert decide)

Right on his/her image

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Basic principles

• International treaties • privacy means also right to his image • principally no need for a damage • Preliminary authorization needed • duration 20 years after the individual’s death

How ?Prior authorization requested Exceptions: – person with a public status - even temporary (only during

public life) – consent for a shooting does not mean consent for usage the person needs be identified (>< crowd)

Remember authorization is also needed for

• Artwork • Buildings and monument (Eiffel tower) • Houses

• trademarks

• design • For pictures two authorizations needed

– photographer – subject (individual or not)

• discussion for journalists: right of information >< right of image

Internet: digital far west ?

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First court case

Legal questions on Internet ?

OPTE Project Map of the Internet – CC-BY

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•Peer to peer •drugs •counterfeits products •Diffamation

Virtual world– real world National law - internet

INTERNET LAW ?

•There is no internet law •digital is not different •new usages & international level •Digital influence the legal framework

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Digitalinfluence

60Source: http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/ecriture-web-et-dimension-juridique

•Cut & paste •multimedia (voice, music, video, ) •co-working •immediate publication •re-use, re-create, re-publish •a work has an independent life

Digital and the law

Laws do exist but are not respected New problems that are not covered by existing laws Who is responsible? (creator, hosted, telecom operator,…) Applicable law ?

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Google Book Search

•US law vs. French law • French stops Google •Finally agreements

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• more & more influence of the terms & conditions

Applicable law is a complex matter

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Did you read them ?

65http://static.freepik.com/free-photo/psd-social-icon-social-media-social-media-icons_29-30000199.jpg

Is a tweet a protected work?

It’s quite confusing

• wording not really understood (copyright, free, free for use,…)

• many new laws and regulations

• and everything could be copied in one clic

Where is the limit?

• What happens after your death?

"emails

"social media ?

"virtual goods

"e-reputation

CC-BY-NC-ND Henning

69Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet

Where is the limit ?

70Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet

WHERE IS THE LIMIT?

ARE AVATARS BECOMING LEGAL ENTITIES ?

Sur Second Life

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http://www.scoop.it/t/any-need-for-reinventing-copyright-droit-d-auteur-intellectual-property-news

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AUTHOR ?

A few lines

Photo Share… legally?

CURATION : ILLEGAL ?

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Jacques Folon Jacques.folon@ichec.be

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Q & A

Crédit image: http://jillsbooks.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/hellooooo-anybody-out-there/raise-your-hand-2/