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XXXVII European Cyclotron Progress Meeting

ECPM 2009

Editors: Mariet Hofstee Sytze Brandenburg Harry Kiewiet

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Supported by:

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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

P. Bertrand, Caen, France S. Brandenburg, Groningen, The Netherlands L. Calabretta, Catania, Italy A. Denker, Berlin, Germany G.G. Gulbekian, Dubna, Russia P. Heikkinen, Jyväskylä, Finland Y. Jongen, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Loiselet, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium P. Mandrillon, Nice, France N. Neskovic, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro M. Seidel, Villigen, Switzerland H. Schweikert, Karlsruhe, Germany

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

S. Brandenburg (chair), E.R. van der Graaf, M.A. Hofstee, H.H. Kiewiet, R.W. Ostendorf, A.M.J. Paans A. Petitiaux (secretary).

CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT

Mrs. Amarins Petitiaux Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut Zernikelaan 25 NL 9747 AA Groningen the Netherlands T: +31503637522 F: +31503634003 E: ecpm-2009@kvi.nl WWW: http://www.rug.nl/kvi/progressmeeting/index

CONFERENCE VENUE

The ECPM XXXVII will take place at the: Hampshire Hotel Plaza Groningen Laan Corpus den Hoorn 300 9728 JT Groningen the Netherlands http://www.hampshire-plazagroningen.nl/eng/index.html T +31 (0)50 524 80 00 F +31 (0)50 524 80 01 E info@hampshire-plazagroningen.nl

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Educational Session

Wednesday 28. October 2009

time speaker subject

9:00 Frederic Chautard (GANIL)

Basic Beam Dynamics

10:00 Wiel Kleeven (IBA)

Axial Injection

11:00 Coffee 11:20 Pauli Heikkinen

(Jyvaskula) Extraction Techniques

12:20 Lunch 13:50 Rudolf Dölling

(PSI) Beam Diagnostics

14:50 William Beeckman (SigmaPhi)

Magnetic Field Design

15:50 Tea 16:10 Marco di Giacomo

(GANIL) RF Systems

17:10 Andreas Adelmann (PSI)

Advanced Beam Dynamics

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Program

Wednesday 28 October 9:00 Educational Session

18:30 Welcome Reception* (Buffet) and hanging of posters. Registration desk is open.

* This reception is sponsored by the University of Groningen, the Municipality of Groningen and the Province of Groningen

Thursday 29 October

8:30 Registration desk is open

New Projects (chair: Andrea Denker)

9:00 E. van der Graaf Opening

9:15 M-H. Moscatello The ARCHADE project

9:45 L. Piazza S.C.E.N.T. 300 Project Status Review

10:05 L. Medeiros Romao

Cyclone 70® Arronax Cyclotron Installation and Commissioning Progress Report

10:25 P. Heikkinen The Jyväskylä MCC30/15 Project

10:45 COFFEE

New Projects cont. (chair: Patrick Bertrand)

11:15 R. Edgecock EMMA - The World's First Non-Scaling FFAG

11:45 Y. Jongen ADONIS, a cyclotron based spallation neutron source for the production of medical radioisotopes

12:15 F. Chautard High intensity ion beams at GANIL 12:35 LUNCH 13:30 Transfer to KVI per bus

14:00 Visit KVI (includes TEA)

16:00 Transfer to UMCG per bus

16:30 Welcome at UMCG (Boering-zaal)

17:00 Visit UMCG PET

18:30 DINNER Buffet at UMCG Fountain

21:00 Transfer to Hampshire hotel per bus

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Friday 30 October

Sub Systems (chair: Yuri Bylinsky)

9:00 V.Kukhtin Numerical synthesis of CC18/9 and CC30/15 isochronous cyclotrons magnetic systems with moving shims

9:20 E. Lamzin Numerical synthesis of DC60 cyclotron magnetic system with magnetic extraction channel

9:40 C. Baumgarten The New Compact ECR Proton Source for the PSI Proton Facility

10:00 H. Koivisto Parameters affecting the time evolution of plasma and ion beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion source

10:20 V. Mironov ECRIS development at KVI

10:50 COFFEE Poster Session

12:30 LUNCH

Status Reports (chair: Pauli Heikkinen)

14:00 A. Kleinrahm Radionuclide Technique in Mechanical Engineering, actual status at ZAG

14:20 J. Kozempel Cyclotron production of 48V labeled TiO2 nanoparticles

14:40 A. Denker Status of the HZB cyclotron: Eye tumour therapy in Berlin

15:00 TEA

Status Reports cont. (chair: Marie Helene Moscatello)

15:30 H. Röcken Medical Operation of the Varian 250MeV Superconducting Proton Cyclotron

15:50 T. Servais Continuous Improvement Program for IBA C230 cyclotron

16:10 A. Garonna A Dual Hadrontheraphy Center based on a Cyclinac

16:30 R. Gebel Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron

16:50 M. Hofstee Status Report High Intensity Heavy Ion Beams at AGOR

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Friday 30 October (cont.)

17:30 Transfer by bus to Nienoord

18:00 Arrival and drink at Nienoord

18:30 Excursion museum Nienoord

19:30 DINNER Conference Dinner

22:30 Return by bus to hotel

Saturday 31 October

Sub Systems (chair: Pierre Mandrillon)

9:00 B. Mukherjee Radiation Shielding Design for Proton Therapy Treatment Rooms

9:20 G. Karamysheva Last Simulations of the Compact Superconducting Cyclotron C400 for Hadron Therapy

9:40 N. Morozov Status of Magnet Design of C400 Superconducting Cyclotron

10:00 W. Beeckman Multiphysics computation on the radiation screen for the carbon therapy C400 cyclotron using Opera2d transient, stress and thermal modules

10:20 COFFEE

Upgrades (chair: Marco Schippers)

10:50 P. Bertrand Last experimental results using the Vertical Mass Separator in the cyclotron CIME and possible applications in the frame of the SPIRAL2 project

11:10 M. Humbel Gearing the PSI high power proton facility into the 3rd Milliampere

11:30 Y. Bylinski Extraction of 4 simultaneous high intensity beams at TRIUMF: constraints, problems and approaches

11:50 V. Toivanen Studies to improve the quality of high intensity heavy ion beams at JYFL accelerator laboratory

12:10 L. Calabretta Concluding Remarks

12:30 LUNCH

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Abstracts oral contributions

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The ARCHADE project

M-H. Moscatello [1], E. Baron, M. Drouet, P. Lagalle [2], J. Bourhis [3], J.

Colin, D.Cussol, J-M. Fontbonne [4], A. Batalla [5], C. Laurent, J-L. Lefaix [6]

and A. Mazal [7]

[1] ARCHADE, CEA/GANIL, BP 55027, 14076 CAEN Cedex 5, FRANCE

[2] ARCHADE, Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, BP

5026, 14076 CAEN Cedex 5, FRANCE

[3] Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue C.Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex,

FRANCE

[4] LPC-ENSICAEN, 6 bvd Maréchal Juin, 14050 CAEN Cedex 04, FRANCE

[5] Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, BP 5026, 14076

CAEN Cedex 5 FRANCE

[6] LARIA, Bvd Becquerel, 14070 CAEN Cedex 5, FRANCE

[7] Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 PARIS Cedex 05, FRANCE

The ARCHADE project is aiming to create a European Centre for Resources

in Hadrontherapy, in the Caen Region. This centre will be equipped with a

cyclotron able to accelerate protons and carbon ions (as well as He, Li, B…)

and will be open to European research in the hadrontherapy domain. This

expanding field concerns medical physics, radiobiology, nuclear physics and

imaging.

The high field, superconducting cyclotron, accelerates protons up to 260 MeV

and carbon ions up to 400 MeV/n. It is presently fully designed and will be

constructed by the Belgian company IBA.

A description of the facility is presented, as well as the project status.

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S.C.E.N.T. 300 Project Status Review

L.A.C. Piazza, L.Calabretta, M.Camarda, G. Gallo, M. Maggiore, S.

Passarello

D. Campo*, D. Garufi*, R. La Rosa*

INFN-LNS Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del

Sud, Catania – Italy

*University of Catania, Dept of Physics and Engineering, Catania - Italy.

The detail design of the Superconducting Cyclotron named SCENT300 was

carried out by the accelerator R&D team of Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

(INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy) in collaboration with the University of Catania and

supported by IBA (Belgium).

SCENT300 is a compact superconducting cyclotron optimized to deliver

continuous accelerated beam of both the fully stripped Carbon ion and the

H2+ with a charge to mass ratio of 0,5 for the hadrontherapy application.

The detail design phase of the magnet was successfully carried out in the last

year; the latest technical solutions and the adopted project management tools

will be presented.

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Cyclone 70® Arronax Cyclotron Installation and Commissioning Progress Report

L. Medeiros Romao, M. Abs, J-L. Delvaux, S. Deprez, Y. Jongen,

W. Kleeven, F. Peeters, M. Pinchart, T. Vanderlinden, S. Zaremba

Ion Beam Applications, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Since the beginning of the testing phase in July of 2008 the Cyclone 70®’s

progress was steady and positive despite the major challenges to be

overcome. The first vacuum pumping in the main tank rapidly gave way to a

comfortable start up of the 100kW RF system. This was followed by the

successful testing of the source bench that fed the injection line with its first

proton, alpha, deuterons and molecular hydrogen particle beams. The central

region crossing followed and the first beam on the radial probe at around

~1MeV finally opened the doors to beam acceleration and extraction. One

major trial of the beam acceleration phase, particularly for the alpha and

deuteron beams, was the presence of a harmonic one magnetic field

component, considered negligible during the field mapping. This induced an

important decentring of the beam as well as resonance crossings causing the

loss of isochronism. Several shimming iterations of the main iron as well as

the installation of two sets of harmonic coils were necessary to achieve the

correct magnetic field. As for the proton beam, accelerating and extracting

750µA at 70MeV was clearly the main hurdle, with vacuum and outgassing

levels being the main issues. Beam extraction announced another major

challenge that was the electrostatic deflector for the 70MeV alpha and

molecular hydrogen beams. Positive results were obtained with the first

design but the full current extraction was not possible mainly due to a fragile

septum, setting off a redesign aiming the increase of its power dissipation

capacities. The impact of these different issues on the schedule was

substantial and the commissioning of the cyclotron was set back to August of

2009.

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The Jyväskylä MCC30/15 Project

P. Heikkinen

University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, Jyväskylä, Finland

The new MCC30/15 cyclotron from NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia, arrived at

Jyväskylä on 10th of August. The cyclotron came as a partial compensation of

the Former Soviet Union debt to Finland. The Intergovernmental Agreement

between Finland and Russia on the debt compensation by goods and

services was signed in August, 2006. It took 10 months until the contract of

the cyclotron was finally approved and the project could start. According to

the contract the cyclotron should have arrived 19th of June, 2009. The

cyclotron required an extension for the old experimental hall. The building of

the extension started in late August, 2009, and it was scheduled to be ready

by Midsummer, 2009. Both the cyclotron and the building projects took a little

more time than planned. However, the delay of both projects was less than

two months, and so the building was ready to host the cyclotron by the

beginning of August, 2009.

The cyclotron is installed by the manufacturer’s specialists. According to the

plan the cyclotron should be ready and running by the end of November,

2009. The contract includes a fully working cyclotron with two beam lines, one

on each side, until the 30 degree and 65 degree bending magnets, which also

belong to the contract.

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EMMA – The World’s First Non-Scaling FFAG

R.Edgecock, D. Kelliher, S. Machida

STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon, UK

C. Beard, N. Bliss, J. Clarke, C. Hill, S. Jamison, A. Kalinin, K. Marinov, N.

Marks, B. Martlew, P. McIntosh, B. Muratori, H. Owen, Y. Saveliev, B. Shepherd, R. Smith, S. Smith, S. Tzenov, C. White, E. Wooldridge

STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Cheshire, UK

J.S. Berg, D. Trbojevic

BNL, Upton, New York, USA

M. Craddock, S. Koscielniak, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

J. Crisp, C. Johnstone

FNAL, Illinois, USA

Y. Giboudot,

Brunel University, UK

E. Keil, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

F. Méot,

CEA & IN2P3, LPSC, France

T. Yokoi, Oxford University, UK

Due to their combined features of fixed magnetic fields and strong focusing,

non-scaling FFAGs have several potential advantages over existing

technology for a number of accelerator applications. However, they also have

several unique features. To study these features in detail and learn how this

type of accelerator can be used in the future, a proof-of-principle non-scaling

FFAG called EMMA – the Electron Model of Many Applications – is under

construction at the STFC Daresbury Laboratory in the UK. First beam is

expected before the end of the year. This contribution will give the motivation

for building EMMA and describe the status of the project.

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ADONIS, a cyclotron based spallation neutron source for the

production of medical radioisotopes

Yves Jongen+, Frédéric Stichelbaut+, Hamid Ait Abderrahim++, Gert

Van den Eynde++, Peter Baeten++, Paul Leysen++, Henri Bonet+++

+ IBA sa, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium

++ SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium

+++ IRE, Fleurus, Belgium

In nuclear medicine, 80% of the radioisotopes used today are still produced in

research nuclear reactors, while 20% are produced with cyclotrons. The most

common reactor produced medical radioisotope is Technetium 99m,

produced by the decay of Molybdenum99, a fission product. More than 35

million medical procedures are conducted annually using Tc99m. But all the

world production of Mo99 is concentrated in a small number of research

reactors, and most of these reactors are now more than 40 years old.

Recently, the simultaneous interruption of the NRU reactor in Chalk River,

Canada and HFR in Petten, Netherlands has caused a worldwide shortage of

Mo99, leading to the cancellation of many nuclear medicine studies.

To respond to this need, IBA had proposed in 1995 the construction of

ADONIS (Accelerator Driven Optimized Neutron Irradiation System), a device

where the beam of a 150 MeV, 1.5 mA H- cyclotron was directed on a liquid,

flowing, lead-bismuth target to produce a large flux of primary spallation

neutrons. These neutrons were moderated in water, and the primary lead-

bismuth target was surrounded by a number of secondary targets, each

containing 4 grams of highly enriched uranium 235. The primary neutrons,

moderated in water, were producing fission reactions in the secondary

uranium 235 targets. While the device was strictly non critical, the neutron flux

was multiplied 5 times by the fission reaction. In this first version of ADONIS,

225 kW of proton beam was used to produce 700 kW of uranium fission. The

resulting production of Mo99 corresponded to 50% of the world production.

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However, at the same time, AECL and Nordion proposed to build two new

reactors dedicated to the production of Mo99 (the Maple X reactors). The

nuclear medicine companies decided to follow this more conventional

approach, and the ADONIS project was abandoned.

However, in 2009, the situation looks very different. The development of the

Maple X reactors failed, and the project is now officially abandoned. The other

reactors used for production are getting older and less reliable. So it was

decided to look again at the ADONIS project, in a collaboration between IBA,

the Nuclear Research Center of Mol (SCK-CEN) and the Belgian National

Institute of Radio-elements. It was found that the initial ADONIS design

allowed a large production, but that the neutron flux in the device was too low

to use effectively the targets. Increasing the neutron flux without bringing the

device closer to criticality requires increasing the primary neutron flux. This

was achieved by selecting a proton energy of 350 MeV, with a current of 1.5

mA. To supply this proton beam, IBA investigated at a modified version of the

C400 superconducting cyclotron for heavy ions, in which a 750 µA beam of

molecular hydrogen ions (HH+) would be accelerated to 700 MeV and

extracted by stripping into protons, producing a beam of 1.5 mA of 350 MeV

protons. The primary target would be made of a sandwich of conical foils of

tantalum cooled by high velocity water.

The presentation will describe the proposed cyclotron and the neutron

irradiation system including the primary spallation target, the moderators and

reflectors made of beryllium and water, the secondary targets made of high or

low enrichment uranium, and the pool containment system. Neutronics

simulations will be presented, as well as preliminary shielding calculations.

The layout of the proposed facility will be presented, with preliminary cost

estimations.

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HIGH INTENSITY ION BEAMS AT GANIL

F. Chautard

Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds(GANIL), Caen, France

The Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL, Fig. 1) facility (Caen,

France) is dedicated to the acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear

physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. The production

of stable and radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics studies represents the

main part of the activity. Two complementary methods are used for exotic

beam production: the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL, the SPIRAL1

facility) and the In-Flight Separation techniques (IFS). SPIRAL1, the ISOL

facility, is running since 2001, producing and post-accelerating radioactive ion

beams. The running modes of the accelerators are recalled as well as a

review of the operation from 2001 to 2008. A point is done on the way we

managed the high intensity ion beam transport issues and constraints which

allows the exotic beam production improvement.

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Numerical synthesis of CC18/9 and CC30/15 isochronous cyclotrons magnetic systems

with moving shims

V.Kukhtin, T.Belyakova, P.Bogdanov, I.Gornikel, E.Lamzin, A.Strokach, S.Sytchevsky, M.Vorogushin

ALPHYSICA GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), NIIEFA (St. Petersburg, Russia)

The magnetic system numerical synthesis procedure for the operating

CC18/9 (Turku, Finland) and CC30/15 (Juväskylä, Finland) isochronous

cyclotrons is described. The calculation models include moving shims for

field re-formation for acceleration of two kinds of particles.

Numerical synthesis of DC60 cyclotron magnetic system with magnetic extraction channel

E.Lamzin,T.Belyakova, J.Franko, B.Gikal, I.Gornikel, G.Gulbekyan,

I.Ivanenko, V.Kukhtin, S.Sytchevsky

JINR (Dubna, Russia), ALPHYSICA GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany),

NIIEFA (St. Petersburg, Russia)

The operating isochronous cyclotron DC60 (Astana, Kazakhstan) magnetic

system numerical synthesis procedure is described. The synthesized

magnetic system calculation model includes magnetic channel for

accelerated particle extraction. Magnetic field calculation results are

presented.

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THE NEW COMPACT ECR PROTON SOURCE FOR THE PSI PROTON FACILITY

C. Baumgarten, G. Bär, A. Barchetti and D. Goetz

Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

The PSI Proton Accelerator Facility is equipped with a multicusp ion source

driven by filaments. This source has some disadvantages, the main being the

short maintenance intervals of 2 weeks and the sensitivity of the filaments to

sudden changes of the operation conditions. In addition, the proton fraction of

about 25% is relatively low.

In order to increase the time between maintenance intervals, a compact

permanent magnet ECR proton source has been developed, tested and

optimized at the PSI Ion Source Test Stand (ISTS) [1]. Several design

changes improved the reliability of the new source significantly. The design

goal of at least 3 weeks of continuous operation has been reached. The

longest operation period so far has been 8 weeks without maintenance, even

longer operation seemed possible. The number of high voltage breakdowns

could be reduced to about one to two per day. The ISTS has been equipped

with collimators, solenoid and steerer magnets in analogy to the PSI pre-

injector beamline. This allows for testing under realistic conditions.

The total beam current of the ECR source is typically 22 to 30mA and the

proton fraction 70 to 80%. About 80 to 90% of the proton beam is transmitted

corresponding to typically 14mA of net beam current, whereas 12mA are

required.

An overview of the design changes will be given and of the performance of

the source at the test stand. Furthermore, a rate equation model of the source

plasma has been developed and the computed results will be discussed.

[1] P.A. Schmelzbach, A. Barchetti, H. Einenkel and D. Goetz; Proc. of

18th Int. Conf. on Cycl. and their Appl., Giardini Naxos, Italy, (2007) pp. 292-

294.

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Parameters affecting the time evolution of plasma and ion

beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion source

H. Koivisto, V. Toivanen, O. Steczkiewicz, O. Tarvainen and T. Ropponen

Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Finland

L. Celona, S. Gammino and G. Ciavola

Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania, Italy

At the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) several

different experiments have been performed to study the behavior of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasma. Moreover, the parameters affecting the ion beam quality have been investigated. The experiments have shown, for example, that the plasma breakdown time depends on the neutral gas pressure, ionization cross section of plasma species and especially on the electron density available for the plasma ignition process [1]. The results and the theoretical framework concerning the ignition process will be presented. The information can be used to improve the operation of ECRIS for the experiments requiring pulsed ion beams. The Bremsstrahlung experiments [2,3] have revealed new information about the timescales required to reach the steady state conditions of the plasma. According to the measurements it can take up to several hundred milliseconds to reach the saturation value of the high-energy electron population (> 30 keV). The effect of the so-called frequency-tuning technique [4] on the beam intensity and quality has been studied at JYFL in collaboration with the INFN-LNS ion source group [5]. According to the preliminary results frequency tuning can be an efficient tool to increase the intensity of highly charged ion beams. [1] O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen, V. Toivanen, J. Ärje and H. Koivisto,

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 18, (2009), 035018. [2] T. Ropponen, O. Tarvainen, P. Jones, P. Peura, T. Kalvas, P. Suominen

and H. Koivisto, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 600, (2009), 525-533.

[3] T. Ropponen, O. Tarvainen, P. Jones, P. Peura, T. Kalvas, P. Suominen and H. Koivisto, Accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

[4] L. Celona et. al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 023305, (2008). [5] H. Koivisto, V. Toivanen, O. Steczkiewicz, L. Celona, O. Tarvainen, T.

Ropponen, S. Gammino and G. Ciavola, to be published.

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ECRIS development at KVI

V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers, H.R. Kremers, J. Mulder, S. Saminathan and

S. Brandenburg

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, the Netherlands

The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source KVI-AECRIS is used as an

injector of highly charged ions for the AGOR cyclotron. The current status of

the source and modifications of its basic design will be described. Source

maintenance and development is accompanied with extensive numerical

simulations of the ECRIS plasma dynamics and beam transport. The PIC-

MCC code will be described that allows for better understanding of some

features of ECRIS operation. Results of beam transport studies will be given.

Radionuclide Technique in Mechanical Engineering, actual status at ZAG

A. Kleinrahm, J. Daul, R. Mayl

ZAG Zyklotron AG, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

The Radionuclide Technique in Mechanical Engineering RTM is a

powerful and sensitive method to measure online the wear at a running

engine. Actual trends of problems and their solutions are demonstrated by

means of examples. The installations for machine part activations at the

new TR19/9 cyclotron of the ZAG Zyklotron AG are shown. Examples of

special developed activations and the status of implantations of

radioactive ions are discussed.

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Cyclotron production of 48V labeled TiO2 nanoparticles

J. Kozempel, F. Simonelli, N. Gibson, K. Abbas, U. Holzwarth, I. Cydzik

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, IHCP - NanoBioSciences,

Ispra, Italy

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles belong to raw materials of increasing use (e.g.

in cosmetic, medical, paint industry, etc.). Therefore the need to asses

the potential toxicity arises as well. In order to trace TiO2 nanoparticles in

biological toxicity studies, we have prepared 48V-labeled TiO2 by direct proton

activation, using the nat.Ti(p,x)48V reaction. 48V is a β+ emitter with

T1/2 = 15,97 days. Together with its three intense γ-rays it is easy to detect.

A dedicated target holder was designed and developed to insure a safe

bombardment of the nanoparticle material. The irradiations were made at the

Joint Research Centre Scanditronix MC 40 Cyclotron (Ispra, Italy).

Non-coated 15nm anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles were used for the

irradiations, however strong aggregation was observed and further treatment

was needed to obtain well dispersed nanoparticles. Experimental stability test

of the 48V label performed during 21 days showed less than 10% of total 48V

activity release from nanoparticles. The label is therefore suitable for TiO2

tracking in biological tests after initial wash-out of 48V from unstable positions.

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Status of the HZB# cyclotron*: Eye tumour therapy in Berlin

A. Denker*, C. Rethfeldt*, J. Röhrich* *Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Protons for Therapy, Glienicker Str. 100, D 14109

Berlin, Germany

The ion beam laboratory ISL at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute Berlin (HMI)

supplied light and heavy ion beams for research and applications in solid

state physics, industry, and medicine. Since 1998, eye tumours are treated

with 68 MeV protons in collaboration with the University Hospital Benjamin

Franklin, now Charité - Campus Benjamin Franklin. In autumn 2004 the board

of directors of the HMI decided to close down ISL at the end of 2006. In

December 2006, a cooperation contract between the Charité and the HMI

was signed to assure the continuity of the eye tumour therapy, at the moment

the only facility in Germany.

The main challenge is to supply protons for the therapy with less man-power

but keeping the same high reliability as before.

In general, the operation of the machine went smoothly. Only in spring this

year, we had for the first time since 1998 an interruption of the therapy due to

a water leak in the RF system.

The machine operation and changes on the accelerator will be discussed.

# The new Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie has been

formed by the merger of the former Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin (HMI) and the

Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung

(BESSY).

* The former ISL cyclotron.

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Medical Operation of the VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Proton Cyclotron

H. Röcken, P. Budz, T. Stephani

Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy GmbH,

Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

VARIAN has successfully commissioned the next cyclotron for use in proton

therapy. The 250 MeV superconducting machine serves as source for

treatments at a newly opened proton therapy center in Munich/Germany,

which is fully equipped with Varian proton therapy equipment. We report on

the current operation and performance, recent improvements, ongoing

developments, and production of future machines.

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Continuous Improvement Program for IBA C230 cyclotron

T. Servais, P. Verbruggen, E. Forton, Y. Paradis,

Y. Jongen, P. Cahay, G. Didier

Ion Beam Applications s.a.., Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

So far, IBA has built several cyclotrons for proton therapy of the C230 model.

Interestingly, each of those cyclotrons is slightly different from the others on

some beam dynamics aspects, such as location and importance of resonance

crossing, or beam excursions from the mechanical median plane.

In this frame, we explored the effect of several main parameters on the field

structure and resulting beam dynamics. Both numerical and technological

approach were leaded and confronted to conclude to new manufacturing,

quality control and R&D processes.

First, main coils position and internal structure were studied. A close-up on

observed coils manufacturing typical metrics is available through this study.

Then, we looked to poles geometry definition and measurement methods.

Conventionnal “touching” and “laser” measurement processes were

performed and numerically compared through Repetablity and Reproducibility

Gage analysis.

Lastly, the magnet material homogeneity effect on the field structure was

computed. The related Non Destructive Tests technologies limitations are

presented in this paper.

Those studies contribute to this global program, giving IBA a better

understanding of its cyclotrons and the opportunity to improve all other

systems.

26

A DUAL HADRONTHERAPY CENTER BASED ON A CYCLINAC

U. Amaldi, R. Bonomi, A. Degiovanni, A. Garonna, S. Verdu and R. Wegner

TERA Foundation, Via Puccini 11, Novara, Italy

Protontherapy is developing very rapidly while the results obtained with carbon ions on about 5’000 patients indicate the superiority of these light ions in the control of radioresistant tumors. More and more radiation oncologists express the wish to acquire state-of-the-art protontherapy centres - featuring more than one gantry – and in a second phase, to possibly upgrade them by accelerating carbon ions to 400-430 MeV/u. The ‘dual’ centre here described fulfills these requirements. Since 1993 TERA is working on the development of new fast-cycling accelerator complexes dubbed ‘cyclinacs’, which are best suited to treat moving organs with the multi-painting spot scanning technique. A cyclinac is the combination of a cyclotron (which can be used also for other valuable medical and research purposes) followed by a high gradient linear accelerator powered by many independently controlled klystrons, so that the range of the particles can be varied by ± 10 mm in only 1-2 milliseconds. Following the successful construction and test of a 3 GHz linac prototype, a proton cyclinac is at present offered commercially by Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine (A.D.A.M. SA, Geneva). The TERA ‘dual’ centre consists of a commercial Electron Beam Ion Source (from Dreebit Gmbh), a superconducting synchrocyclotron and a high-gradient linac. The source delivers both C6+ and H2

+ ions at the desired repetition rate (400 Hz). At the same rate, the synchrocyclotron accelerates the ions to 230 MeV/u (Kbending = 920 MeV), the energy needed for proton therapy. The machine features an azimuthally symmetric and radially decreasing magnetic field (central value of 5 Tesla), a mechanical radio frequency modulation by a rotating capacitor and a regenerative beam extraction system. This choice was driven by the possibility to work in pulsed mode, limit the size of the magnet and the power consumption of the radiofrequency system to less than 25 kW. The 230 MeV/u carbon ions have a 12 cm penetration range in water and can be used for shallow tumours. The linac (possibly installed in a second phase) accelerates the ions to 430 MeV/u, corresponding to a 32 cm range. Various linacs are under design under the name CABOTO (CArbon BOoster for Therapy in oncology). Two Standing Wave Linacs at 3 GHz and 6 GHz and one Travelling Wave Linac at 9 Ghz. Frequencies higher than 3 GHz have been chosen to limit the power consumption of the complex to about 350 kW. This work is part of a collaboration with the CLIC group working at CERN on very high-gradient electron-positron colliders.

27

Status of the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron

R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier

Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany

The unique light ion accelerator facility COSY at the Forschungszentrum

Jülich uses since 1993 an over 40 year old cyclotron as an injector. COSY is

dedicated to the study of hadron structure and dynamics within the Juelich

Centre for Hadron Physics and offers beams to an international user

community. COSY is also the technological platform to develop and test

accelerator components for the FAIR project at the GSI Darmstadt. For the

research program polarized and unpolarized H- and D- beams are provided by

the injector cyclotron with high availability.

The status and the continued effort to provide beams from the cyclotron with

improved performance and reliability is described.

28

Status Report High Intensity Heavy Ion Beams at AGOR

M.A. Hofstee, S. Brandenburg, H. Beijers, V. Mironov, A. Sen, H. Post

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, the Netherlands

The TRIµP program at the KVI needs high intensity heavy ion beams for the

production of radioactive isotopes of interest. Two main beams are currently

used, a 20Ne beam at 23 MeV/u and a 206Pb beam at 8-11 MeV/u. The ECR

source can produce sufficient Neon beam to reach the 1kW target intensity.

Investigations with the Neon beam show that beamloss, due to charge

changing collisions in the cyclotron and subsequent vacuum deterioration due

to desorption in the machine, limit the intensity that can be delivered.

Measures are under investigation to reduce the desorption in the machine.

For the Pb beam the intensity produced by the ECR is at least an order of

magnitude less. For the current beam enriched 206Pb isotopic material is

used. Calculations and measurements of the beam optics in the injection line

show that higher order effects in the bending magnets deteriorate the quality

of the beam. In addition charge changing collisions in the injection line cause

beamloss of more than 50% for Pb30+. This issue is under investigation.

A beam loss monitoring system, consisting of a 1 kHz variable duty-cycle

chopper and a series of pick-up electrodes along the beamline, is now

routinely used to monitor and manipulate the beam intensity. The pepperpot

system for reduction of the beamintensity by several orders of magnitude is

now also completely installed, but some deviations from the specs were

discovered during commisioning, which require further attention. The safety

functions of the beam-loss system will soon be commisioned. Construction of

the new Electrostatic Deflector with pre-septum is in progress. The status of

these projects as wel as some related work will be discussed.

29

Radiation Shielding Design for Proton Therapy

Treatment Rooms

B Mukherjee1, J Farr1, C Bäumer1 and R Hentschel2

1Westdutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen (WPE) gGmbH

Virchowstraße 183, D-45147 Essen, Germany

2Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany

The Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezenturm Essen (WPE), one of the

advanced proton therapy centres in Europe operates an IBA Proteus 230

room temperature cyclotron. Therapeutic proton beams of different energies

and intensities are delivered to four dedicated treatment rooms. During

routine radiotherapy high-energy neutrons and gamma rays are also

produced. Hence, from the standpoint of radiological safety, adequate

radiological shielding becomes mandatory. The radiological shielding of the

WPE treatment rooms have been constructed following the design

parameters evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. In this report we

present a set of empirical methods for the validation of the radiological

shielding of the treatment rooms considering the realistic clinical conditions.

Furthermore, we have planned to validate our empirical shielding calculation

method using real-time neutron/gamma dose measurement in the treatment

room. This report highlights the radiation doses at critical locations, radiation

transport through the mazes and thermal neutron fluence produced in the

treatment room as a function of proton current. A practical guideline for the

design of radiological shielding of future proton-therapy treatment room will be

discussed.

30

Last Simulations of the Compact Superconducting Cyclotron C400 for Hadron Therapy

G. Karamysheva *, Y.Jongen, M.Abs, A. Blondin, W.Kleeven, D.Vandeplassche, S.Zaremba,

V.Aleksandrov*, S.Gursky*, N.Yu.Kazarinov*, S.Kostromin*, N.Morozov*, E.Samsonov*, G.Shirkov*, V.Shevtsov*, E.Syresin*, A.Tuzikov*

IBA, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

* JINR, Dubna, Russia

A compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has been designed

by IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with

proton, helium and carbon ions. The 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated

to the energy of 400 MeV/amu and will be extracted by electrostatic deflector,

H2 + ions will be accelerated to the energy 265 MeV/amu and protons will be

extracted by stripping. Superconducting coils will be enclosed in a cryostat; all

other parts will be warm. Three external ion sources will be mounted on the

switching magnet on the injection line located bellow of the cyclotron. The

main parameters of the cyclotron, its design, the current status of

development work on the cyclotron systems and simulations of beam

dynamic will be presented.

31

Status of Magnet Design of C400 Superconducting Cyclotron

N.Morozov*, Y.Jongen, M.Abs, W.Kleeven, D.Vandeplassche, S.Zaremba,

S.Deneuter, S.Deprez, G. Karamysheva*, S.Kostromin*, E.Samsonov*

IBA, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

* JINR, Dubna, Russia

Superconducting cyclotron C400 dedicated for acceleration of the 12C+6 and

2H+ ions up to energy 400 MeV/nucleon is being under development at IBA

(Belgium). By computer simulation with 3D TOSCA code the cyclotron

magnetic system principal parameters were estimated [1]. The optimized

magnetic system configuration was developed which is realizing the minimal

background magnetic field around the cyclotron magnet. The new option for

the spiral sectors design is providing the optimal Qz/Qr working diagram. The

IBA company has started the mechanical construction for the C400 cyclotron.

[1] Y.Jongen et al., Computer Modeling of Magnetic System for C400

Superconducting Cyclotron, Proceedings EPAC2006, Edinburgh, p.2589

32

Multiphysics computation on the radiation screen for the carbon therapy C400 cyclotron using Opera2d

transient, stress and thermal modules

W. Beeckman

Sigmaphi, Rue des Frères Montgolfier, ZI du Prat, F-56000 Vannes, France

In the event of main coil current variation, eddy currents are generated in

surrounding metallic parts. These current carrying objects, in the magnetic

field, are subject to stresses and forces that will distort their shape and/or

move them away from their original position. On top of this mechanical effect,

the eddy currents also generate Joule heating that will increase the

temperature of the part in which the currents circulate.

The usual way to deal with eddy currents consists in interrupting the current

path by using non-conductive material in some parts of the object but this

complicates the structure, weakens it and harms the thermal conduction.

Playing on the material properties and on the cross-section to tame the eddy

currents instead of suppressing them is then an attractive alternative.

We present the methodology of computation of these effects on the radiation

screen of the IBA C400 cyclotron for carbon therapy in the event of a quench,

using the Opera-2d transient, stress and thermal modules.

The stress, deformation and thermal increase for radiation screens made out

of copper, aluminium and stainless steel are compared.

33

Last experimental results using the Vertical Mass Separator in the cyclotron CIME and possible

applications in the frame of the SPIRAL2 project

P. Bertrand, A. Savalle, S. Bonneau, M. Di Giacomo, B. Ducoudret,

M. Duval, J.J. Leyge, M. Lechartier

GANIL, Caen, France

After an overview of the SPIRAL2 project at GANIL, we recall the concept of

Vertical Mass Separator (VMS). The cyclotron CIME is used today at GANIL

for the acceleration of SPIRAL1 radioactive beams. Recently experiments

have been performed using the VMS prototype inside CIME, in order to

measure with precision the improvement of mass separation and see the

beam purity that could be achieved with the high intensity radioactive beams

obtained with SPIRAL2 in the near future.

It has been seen that in some configurations the intensity of the pollutant can

be reduced by a factor up to ~10 when the charge/mass ratio is 5 10-5 away

from the one of the beam of interest, and by a factor up to ~104 if the

charge/mass ratio is 1 10-4 away.

Next steps of development, in order to use this principle in operation with

SPIRAL1 and SPIRAL2 beams, are presented.

34

Gearing the PSI high power proton facility into the 3rd Milliampere

M. Humbel, M. Schneider, H. Zhang, J. Grillenberger, A.C. Mezger

Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

In August 2009 a stable proton current of 2.3 mA has reliably been extracted

from the 590 MeV Ringcyclotron during seven hours. To advance PSI’s high

power proton accelerator facility to this performance, a beam current

dependent setting of the RF cavities has been elaborated and the collimator

arrangements in the Ringcyclotron have been adapted to the present needs.

The level and the current depending gradient of the extraction losses predict

the feasibility of currents up to 2.5 mA. Since the specifications of key devices

have been issued for 2.2 mA, the raise above this limit requires an increase of

the beam current in small steps with careful monitoring of the facility. In

particular the behaviour of the RF-resonators and the amplifiers in the Injector

cyclotron and the flat-top cavity in the Ringcyclotron must be observed.

35

Extraction of 4 simultaneous high intensity beams at TRIUMF: constraints, problems and approaches

Y. Bylinski, R. Baartman, G. Dutto, A. Hurst, G. H. Mackenzie,

L. W. Root, Y. N. Rao, V. Verzilov

TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The number of high intensity extracted beams at TRIUMF will be increased from three to four. Proton beams up to ~100 µA will be extracted (i) for isotope production at ~100 MeV, (ii) for the existing RIB production beam line (>480 MeV), (iii) for a newly proposed RIB production beam line (>450 MeV). For the 500 MeV meson production line a limit of 120-140 µA is normally imposed depending on the requirements of the non cooled thin target. The goal is to raise the available accelerated H¯ production current from ~275 to ~400 µA. The guideline is that extraction currents and energies be chosen to maximize yields for experiments without increasing stripping losses and present levels of residual activation. Lorentz stripping losses rise exponentially above ~450 MeV reaching about 5% of the total beam at 500 MeV. Recent tests have confirmed that, compared to 500 MeV, yields at 480 MeV are not substantially reduced for RIB and most meson experiments (surface muons). For 65 MeV/c backward muons (decaying from pions) the yield decreases by ~15%. When higher intensity for this mode will be required, the meson facility primary beam current can be increased or its energy can be raised back to 500 MeV. For 480 MeV extraction Lorentz stripping losses will be reduced by ~40% with a corresponding reduction in vault activation. Therefore the total current can be increased as planned without significantly altering the existing radiation levels. An alternative being considered is to leave the meson production line at 500 MeV and lower the energies of the two RIB lines to 450-480 MeV. Tests to determine whether partially inserted vertical foils (carbon strips or brushes) can be used to produce good quality and low halo high intensity beams at these energies are being performed. The paper will illustrate the system of extraction probes and foils presently used in light of limitations and possible solutions being envisaged.

36

Studies to improve the quality of high intensity heavy ion beams at JYFL accelerator laboratory

V. Toivanen, O. Steczkiewicz, O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen,

J. Ärje, H. Koivisto and L. Celona*

Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL), Jyväskylä, Finland

*Instituto Nazaionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

(INFN-LNS), Catania, Italy

Measurements conducted at JYFL have shown that extracting high beam

currents from Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources can lead to

degradation of beam quality and consequent decrease in transmission

efficiency. As a result, the intensity of accelerated beam increases slowly or in

some cases can even decrease when the beam current extracted from the

ion source is increased. A series of measurements have been conducted to

study the effects of space charge compensation on the beam quality by

feeding neutral gas into the high current section of the beam line before the

mass separation. Significant reduction in the beam size and emittance was

observed with increasing pressure. The beam losses caused by the

interactions between ions and neutral gas atoms also increase with pressure.

As a result the beam brightness, which combines the emittance and current

information and can be used to quantify the beam quality, has an optimum

pressure. When operating at this point the transmission efficiency through the

JYFL K-130 cyclotron is improved. However, the benefits are closely matched

with the beam losses caused by the gas feeding, yielding no practical

increase in the amount of accelerated beam.

The effects of tuning the microwave frequency of the ECR ion source have

also been studied. It has been found, for example, that changing the

frequency some tens of MHz around the nominal frequency can have

significant effects on the beam quality. These effects are especially beneficial

for the highly charged ion beams.

37

Poster Session

38

1 B. Mukherjee Monte Carlo Simulation of a Novel Composite Shielding for High-Energy Neutrons produced by Proton Therapy Cyclotron

2 C. Wouters Central Region Studies of the 250 MeV SC-cyclotron for Protontherapy

3 G. Karamysheva RF Cavity Simulations for C400 Cyclotron 4 E. Samsonov Influence of RF Magnetic Field on Ion Dynamics in IBA

C400 Cyclotron

5 S. Zaremba IBA C30 cyclotron beam intensity upgrade 6 E. Forton Design of IBA C30xp cyclotron magnet 7 T. Belyakova COMPOTE/MP code for modeling, optimization and

synthesis of magnet systems of isochronous cyclotrons

8 R. Hentschel The Essen Medical Cyclotrons 9 I. Gornikel VENECIA new code for simulation of thermohydraulics

in complex superconducting systems

10 V. Amoskov Computerised system for magnetic steel properties measurements over extended field range

11 A. Sen Heavy Ion beam induced Vacuum effects inside AGOR cyclotron

12 F. Consoli New PC-based control for the RF system at INFN-LNS 13 S. Saminathan 3D Simulation of Ion Beam Extraction from Electron

Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport

14 M. Wolinska-Cichocka

Heavy Ion Laboratory at the University of Warsaw

15 M-J van Goethem Integration of an eye-tumor treatment facility in a proton therapy center

16 W. Beeckman Stress Computation in the C400 Superconducting Coil Using the OPERA-2D Stress Analysis Module

17 W. Beeckman Superconductive coils and cryostat status for the C400 cancer therapy cyclotron

18 A. Patriarca The IC-CPO (Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay) integrating an IBA particle therapy system

39

Monte Carlo Simulation of a Novel Composite Shielding for High-Energy Neutrons produced by

Proton Therapy Cyclotron

B Mukherjee1, R Hentschel2, C Bäumer1 and J Farr1

1Westdutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen (WPE) gGmbH

Virchowstraße 183, D-45147 Essen, Germany

2Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany

During the operation of proton therapy cyclotrons, a substantial number of secondary (fast) neutrons are generated due to the interaction of energetic primary protons with the nozzle, beam scatterer/compensator, and patent’s body itself. Therefore, for the radiological safety of persons and environment the implementation of adequate neutron shielding becomes mandatory. Standard concrete with at least 5% water content is the typical material for accelerator shielding, aiming to attenuate both neutrons and gamma rays. In the framework of the present study a composite shielding material has been investigated which could replace parts of the conventional concrete walls of treatment rooms. As an important benefit, the composite material shielding requires less thickness for neutron attenuation than conventional concrete. For shielding optimization it’s important to note that the attenuation efficacy of shielding depends on the neutronic property of the shielding-material as well as the energy spectrum of the incident neutron field. High density Lead (ρ = 13.6 g cm-3) has a high inelastic scattering cross section for high energy neutrons. On the other hand, low density polyethylene (ρ = 0.98 g cm-3) possesses a high elastic scattering and the consequent capture cross sections for low energy neutrons. Hence, a composite material with a suitable mixture of lead and polyethylene could provide a high (optimum) attenuation for neutrons with a broad energy distribution. We have taken account of the typical neutron energy distribution that prevails in the treatment room of a proton therapy facility and used the MCNPX Monte Carlo code to evaluate a composite shielding material made of polyethylene, embedded with lead pellets to achieve the high neutron attenuation per unit length. The neutron source term for this calculation, defined as the number of neutrons produced during the bombardment of a tissue target with a 230 MeV protons (neutron sr-1 MeV-1 Proton-1) was adopted form literature. Application of this composite material for the construction of shielding walls of the treatment rooms of proton therapy facilities is highlighted.

40

Central Region Studies of the 250 MeV SC-cyclotron for Protontherapy

C. Wouters, C. Baumgarten, V. Vrankovic, H. Zhang and J.M. Schippers

Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland

At the Center of Proton Therapy at PSI patient treatments are performed with the existing Gantry-1, using proton beams from the 250 MeV SC-cyclotron COMET. Preparations are in progress to perform also treatments in the new eye treatment room OPTIS2 as well as in the new Gantry-2. Switching between treatment rooms requires not only a change of the beam line setting, but also a change in maximum intensity extracted from the cyclotron. Since stability requirements of the beam intensity need a constant arc current in the internal proton source, the maximum intensity is set by moveable slits just outside the central region of the cyclotron. Fine tuning and modulation of the intensity is done by means of a vertical deflection plate and fixed collimators in the first few turns. For fast area switching it is important that these two methods can be used in a reproducible way and therefore simulations have been performed of the beam orbits in the central region. Sensitivity calculations have been made to understand the effect of wear by sputtering and to optimize ion source position and aperture positions and shapes. Several characteristics of the beam transmission in the central region can be explained by the simulations. An overview of the simulations as well as first results of suggested optimizations will be presented.

RF Cavity Simulations for C400 Cyclotron

G. Karamysheva *, Y.Jongen, M.Abs, W.Kleeven, D.Vandeplassche, S.Zaremba, A.Glazov*, S.Gursky*, O.Karamyshev*

IBA, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

* JINR, Dubna, Russia

Computer model of the double gap delta RF cavity for ion beam acceleration in superconducting cyclotron C400 was developed in Microwave Studio and ANSYS. Resonant frequency of the multi-stem cavity will be equal 75 MHz. Necessary increase of the voltage along the gaps was achieved in the computer model. Optimization of the design was performed in order to increase quality factor. Results of the analysis of RF cavity by both programs Microwave Studio and ANSYS are compared.

41

Influence of RF Magnetic Field on Ion Dynamics in IBA C400 Cyclotron

E. Samsonov*, Y.Jongen**, G.Karamysheva*, S.Kostromin*

* JINR, Dubna, Russia, **IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Magnetic components of RF field in C400 cyclotron being under development by IBA makes noticeable influence on ion dynamics. In particular, increase in the dees voltage along radius leads to corresponding phase compression of a bunch. Influence of the RF magnetic field on the bunch center phase deviation during acceleration and on ion axial motion are also estimated numerically. The results are compared for the two RF magnetic field maps: (i) obtained by Microwave Studio and, (ii) computed from RF electric field map by means of Maxwell’ equations.

IBA C30 cyclotron beam intensity upgrade

S. Zaremba, M. Abs, E. Forton, W. Kleeven and D. Neuvéglise Ion Beam Applications s.a.

Chemin du Cyclotron, 3 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve

Belgium

Based on the well known IBA C30 cyclotron, the new high current C30HC cyclotron will be a higher beam current version.

To realize this, the new cyclotron will be equipped with a new ion source. The axial injection beam line was recalculated and redesigned to allow transmission of higher beam currents. The pseudocylindrical inflector and its housing have been also recalculated and redesigned to obtain better centered beam in the central region. This new design of the central region modifies the shape of dees and dummy-dees in the cyclotron center. Calculations and design are nearly finished and the magnet structure of the cyclotron is currently machined by subcontractors.

It is expected that better centered beam with an injected emittance well matched to the optical functions of the cyclotron magnetic field will permit an acceleration of higher beam currents and retrofitting of the new axial injection/central region subsystems to existing machines.

42

Design of IBA C30xp cyclotron magnet

E. Forton, S. Zaremba, M. Abs and W. Kleeven. Ion Beam Applications s.a., Belgium

Chemin du Cyclotron, 3 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve

Belgium

IBA is currently developing an evolution of its famous C30 cyclotron. The C30xp cyclotron will be a multi-particle, multiport cyclotron capable of accelerating alpha particles up to 30 MeV (electrostatic extraction), deuteron (D-) beams between 7.5 and 15 MeV and proton (H-) beams between 15 and 30 MeV (stripping extraction). This poster highlights the main characteristics of the magnet system that implements most of IBA C18/9 and C70 features. At first, coil dimensions have been updated in order to raise the free space in the median plane. This allows the mounting of a flexible electrostatic deflector system for the extraction of the alpha particle beam. Gradient corrector pole extensions, much in the C70 fashion, have been added to ease the alpha beam extraction. Finally, compensation for relativistic effects between H- (q/m=1/1) and D-/alpha (q/m=1/2) beams is made by the use of movable iron inserts located in two valleys (A.K.A. “Flaps”), as is done in IBA C18/9 cyclotrons. Additional comments include remarks on the extraction systems, influence of internal beam line switching magnets and why we think the use of flaps will work but reaches its limit.

43

COMPOTE/MP code for modelling, optimization and synthesis of magnet systems of isochronous

cyclotrons

T. Belyakova, P. Bogdanov, I. Franko, B. Gikal, I.Gornikel, G. Gulbekyan, I. Ivanenko, V. Kukhtin, E. Lamzin, O. Semchenkova, S. Sytchevsky

JINR (Dubna, Russia), ALPHYSICA GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany),

NIIEFA (St. Petersburg, Russia)

An efficient computational technology is proposed for electromagnetic analysis, optimization and synthesis of magnet systems for isochronous cyclotrons at all stages of their design and adjustment. Magnet systems are modelled with the use of precision 3D magnetostatic models. The original computer code COMPOTЕ/MP provides modelling of field maps with allowance for a magnet system geometry and coil currents. A desired isochronous field is obtained by iterative solving a self-consistent problem on the basis of precise 3D field simulations and particle dynamics analysis. The inputs for COMPOTE/MP field map simulations are data from a trajectory analysis. Resulting 3D field maps are formatted so as to serve as inputs for trajectory analysis computations. Such algorithm makes it possible to form a closed iterative adjustment of the required field distribution. A comparison between simulated and measured data demonstrates that the proposed technique provides formation of a desired isochronous field accurate to 0.1%. Finally, the magnet system may be optimized using both measured and simulated data. This method has been effectively applied to design and manufacture of a number of isochronous cyclotrons at JINR and the NIIEFA.

44

The Essen Medical Cyclotrons

R. Hentschel1, J. Farr2, M. Stuschke1,2, B. Mukherjee2, C. Bäumer2, A. Bockisch1,

W. Brandau1, J. Knust1, G. Hüdepohl1, W. Deya1, S. Levegrün1, W. Sauerwein1

1Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany

2Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen (WPE) gGmbH

Virchowstraße 183, D-45147 Essen, Germany

University Hospital Essen (UK-Essen) and the West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE) are among the few hospitals worldwide operating three medical cyclotrons. The WPE is located in UK-Essen campus, operating IBA Proteus 235 room temperature fixed energy Medical Cyclotron producing 230 MeV protons, which could be continuously degraded down to 70 MeV and directed to one of the four treatment rooms. The test run of the facility is in progress and the routine operation will start in end of 2010. In a nearby radio pharmacy research complex a TCC CV28 and an IBA 18/9 medical cyclotron are in operation for the production of radio nuclides C-11, O-15, F-18, Y-86, I-123, and I-124; including the following radiopharmaceuticals: [F-18] FDG, [C-11] Cholin, [I-124] MIBG, and [I-124] Iodide. The CV28 cyclotron is also equipped with a d(14)+Be neutron beam gantry enabling fast neutron therapy and radiobiological experiments. The neutron beam delivers a dose rate of 0.2 Gy/min at the isocenter, 125 cm from the target with field sizes up to 21×21 cm2. This presentation highlights the present status and future use of the Essen medical cyclotrons.

45

VENECIA

new code for simulation of thermohydraulics

in complex superconducting systems

I.Gornikel, V. Kalinin, M. Kaparkova, V. Kukhtin, D. Shatil, N. Shatil, S. Sytchevsky, V. Vasiliev

ALPHYSICA GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), NIIEFA (St. Petersburg, Russia)

In 1998 the computer code VINCENTA was introduced for full scale thermohydraulic simulations of transients in ITER superconducting magnets and their cryogenic systems. The code was intensively used for detailed modelling of the ITER coils as well as multiparameter analysis and design/operation optimisation. The code was originally strictly ITER-oriented, however, constantly growing computational complexity and demand for new applications initiated its radical modification. The advanced code named VENECIA is based on the database approach and has extended range of use and new functionalities. VENECIA enables detailed modelling of thermohydraulic transients for both superconducting and warm magnet systems, in a whole and in their components, using realistic geometry and operational conditions. An efficient algorithm makes it possible to analyse behaviour of a range of compressible coolants (Не4, HeII, N, H2O) under a variety of conditions. Different coolants can be used in a single calculation model simultaneously. A global computational model is generated using a set of basic local sub-models linked together that provides simple and generalised modelization of a magnet system. Such modelling allows due regard for properties of different materials, non-linear effects or specific geometry. Also the code gives predictions of space and time variations for various heat loads. As compared to VINCENTA, VENECIA is more flexible and universal code modeling applicable for a wide range of devices including, thermonuclear facilities, accelerators and transport systems, MRI-magnets, superconducting motors, generators and storage rings, experimental and diagnostic devices for scientific research, generators, superconducting cables and joints.

46

Computerised system for magnetic steel properties measurements over extended field range

V. Amoskov, V. Belyakov, T. Belyakova, A. Firsov, I. Gornikel, M. Kaparkova, V. Kukhtin, E. Lamzin, M. Larionov, N. Shatil, S. Sytchevsky , V. Vasiliev

ALPHYSICA GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), NIIEFA (St. Petersburg, Russia)

A new technique is described to measure static non-linear properties of ferromagnetics, primarily, the normal magnetization curves. The studies were carried out on the basis of the computerised measurement system developed at the Efremov Scientific Research Institute. Due to flexible software architecture the system is capable of measurements of a variety of magnetic characteristics. The measurement technique provides determination of steel properties over two overlapped field ranges covering a typical computation range. The measurements are performed on conventional ring-shaped samples in low fields (< 1.9T) and cylindrical samples in high fields (> 1.5T). The cylindrical samples are magnetized with the use of a laboratory dipole magnet. Estimations of the measurement uncertainty are presented. Measured data in the form of smoothed curves are automatically added to a material property database and used as inputs for a precision 3D field reconstruction with the use of the COMPOTE/MP code.

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Heavy Ion beam induced Vacuum effects inside AGOR cyclotron

A.Sen, M.A. Hofstee, S. Brandenburg Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, the Netherlands

Currently heavy ion beams are being accelerated in cyclotrons like AGOR to produce a continuous particle beam of relatively high intensity of about 23 MeV per nucleon. During the process it is observed that for particles with high Z (Ar, Kr), an increase in the intensity results in a decrease in the transmission of beam inside the cyclotron. The possible reason for the loss in beam intensity is the interaction between the heavy ions and the rest gas inside the cyclotron and the subsequent desorption off the walls of cyclotron. We have developed a simple model to calculate the transmission based on calculated cross-sections and with it we try to compare with the observed beam transmissions. The model is also used to try and predict the losses in the injection line and we will compare it with the experimental results we have found. With respect to desorption, we will present our findings on desorption off the 80 K cold wall of EMC2 and how it affects beam transmission. Future plans would be discussed, as we will show the basic experimental setup we have designed to measure desorption off different material at various angles of incidence.

New PC-based control for the RF system at INFN-LNS

Antonio Caruso, Fabrizio Consoli, Alberto Longhitano*, Antonino Spartà, Xia Le

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy * ALTEK RF Electronic, S. Gregorio, Catania, Italy

The control of the radio frequency systems of the k-800 superconducting cyclotron together with the bunching and beam-chopping RF devices, since the first 20-year-old version, has been a combination of analog and digital techniques. The analog systems still maintain a certain priority in the control of amplitudes and phases of the RF voltages, while for the remaining operative blocks, the approach adopted is mostly digital. A new computer-based control of the RF system is going to be fully developed. The first new devices are already installed in parallel mode with the old RF computer control. At the moment, two parallel computer controls are working together. Both systems are complementary. Gradually, the new computer control system will take the place of the old more dated one. This report shows the new computer architecture, including the new panel controls, the communication bus, the interfaces between the PC and the RF blocks and the custom and the industrial solutions adopted for this new RF computer control.

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3D Simulation of Ion Beam Extraction from Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source and

Low Energy Beam Transport

S. Saminathan, V. Mironov, J.P.M Beijers, R. Kremers, and S. Brandenburg

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands

To extract and transport a high intense multi-charge state ion beam from Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) we have performed simulations and experiments. In order to achieve a high transport and injection efficiency in the low-energy beam line it is important to know the initial emittance of the ion beam extracted from the ECRIS and to prevent emittance grow during transport due to space-charge and ion-optical aberration effects. A LORENTZ-3D and GPT code is used for numerical simulations of ion beam extraction from ECRIS and transport of the beam in the low-energy beam line. The initial conditions of the ions at the extraction aperture were calculated by using PIC-MCC code. Results of the calculations were compared to the beam profiles on a viewing screen placed close to the beam extraction unit and after beam transport through the analyzing magnet. Calculations and measurements confirm the expected triangular shape of the extracted beam. 4D emittance measurements made behind the analyzing magnet will be presented and compared to the simulations. The aberrations observed in the experimental data are semi-quantitatively reproduced by the simulations.

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Heavy Ion Laboratory at the University of Warsaw

Marzena Wolińska-Cichocka

Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, ul.Pasteura 5A, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

www.slcj.uw.edu.pl

Heavy Ion Laboratory HIL (Polish acronym ŚLCJ) at the University of Warsaw operates the isochronous K=160 heavy-ion cyclotron which makes our laboratory a unique facility in Central Europe. The accelerator provides beams of gaseous elements and of elements available as gaseous compounds with energies between 2 and 10 MeV/nucleon. In the nearest future also metallic beams will be available by installing a new ECR source that is expected in 2010. Heavy Ion Laboratory is home to a number of experimental set-ups installed on the beam lines. Accessible apparatus include: IGISOL – Scandinavian type on-line mass separator, JANOSIK – GDR multidetector system made of large NaI(Tl) crystals with passive and active shields and 32-element multiplicity filter, CUDAC and SYRENA - two universal scattering chambers, ICARE - the charged particles detector system, and EAGLE - the up to 30 HPGe gamma-ray multidetector system (commissioning experiment in 2009). The study of high spin states in proton-rich magic tin isotopes (Z=50) produced in the fusion-evaporation reactions [1], the investigation of shape coexistence in nuclei [2] and fusion barrier distributions [3] are some examples of physics program at HIL. Heavy Ion Laboratory is an interdisciplinary user-facility, not restricting itself to nuclear physics only. Solid state, biological and application studies play an important role, so a significant amount of the beam time is distributed for these purposes. Besides operating its heavy-ion K=160 cyclotron, the laboratory is involved in the creation of a center producing radioisotopes for Positron Emission Tomography. [1] M. Wolińska-Cichocka et al. Eur. Phys. J. A24, 259 (2005) [2] K. Wrzosek et al. Int. J. of Mod. Phys. E14, 359 (2005) [3] E. Piasecki et al. Int. J. of Mod. Phys. E16, 502 (2007)

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Integration of an eye-tumor treatment facility in a proton therapy center

M.J. van Goethem*, J.M. Schippers, F. Assenmacher,

J Heufelder, Jorn Verwey

Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen , Switzerland

*Kernfysisch Versneller Institute (KVI), Groningen, The Netherlands

Proton therapy is a very successful modality for the treatment of eye tumors. In order to treat eye tumors with protons one needs a fixed beam line which can produce a dose rate of more than 15 Gy/min in a 40 mm diameter field and with a range in water of 35mm. In most of the currently operating facilities for eye-tumor irradiations a 62-75 MeV proton beam is produced by a general purpose variable energy cyclotron. These beams are generally small in emittance and have a high intensity ~80 nA. Since one only needs about 0.5 nA in the treatment field to produce the desired dose rate one can use a rather inefficient but also very robust single scatter foil technique to produce the treatment field. Most of the modern proton therapy centers are based on a fixed energy cyclotron of about 230 to 250 MeV. If one wants to integrate an eye-treatment facility in such therapy centers one needs to reduce the beam energy from 250 MeV to 75 MeV. This, however, causes a large increase of the beam emittance resulting in a low transmission of the beam line. It is unreasonable to just increase the extracted beam current from the cyclotron in order to meet the dose-rate requirement because that would require a beam orders of magnitude larger than necessary for Gantries and would for instance complicate patient safety measurements, which then would need to react an order of magnitude faster. In order to achieve a reasonable extracted beam current one must try to optimize all components i.e. cyclotron, degrader , beam line and nozzle. We will discuss these challenges by describing the OPTIS2 facility which is the new eye-tumor treatment facility currently being commissioned at the Zentrum fuer Protonen-Strahlentherapie (ZPT) at PSI. There, OPTIS2 is designed to operate in parallel with two gantries. We will also describe the practical implementation of a double scatter foil system which allows us to improve the nozzle efficiency by an order of magnitude compared to a single scatter foil technique.

51

STRESS COMPUTATION IN THE C400 SUPERCONDUCTING COIL USING THE OPERA-2D

STRESS ANALYSIS MODULE

W. Beeckman, Sigmaphi, M.N. Wilson, Consultant in Applied Superconductivity, Abingdon, UK

J. Simkin, ERA Technology Ltd, Kidlington, UK

A tender for the study and construction of a large superconducting split solenoid for the C400 carbon therapy cyclotron was issued by IBA in March 2008 and awarded to Sigamphi. Although the current density is moderate, the large radius and average field imply quite a high level of hoop stress. Simple formulas range between 140 and 180 MPa and, with such large values and uncertainties, it was felt necessary to perform a finite element analysis of the structure. Average fields in a cyclotron are very well modeled using an axially symmetrical structure and the stress was therefore studied using the stress module of the Vector Fields Opera2d suite. Different models were tried with different levels of details. A comparison is made between them as well as with the analytical results.

Superconductive coils and cryostat status for the

C400 cancer therapy cyclotron

S. Antoine, D. Albertini, W. Beeckman, F. Forest, JL. Lancelot (SIGMAPHI,

France)

C. Monroe, E. Baynham, M. Wilson (Consultants, UK)

Y. Jongen (IBA, Belgium)

Sigmaphi is currently designing the superconductive coils and cryostat for an IBA carbon ion cancer therapy cyclotron. The cryostat outer diameter is 4,7 meter for a total weight of 25 tons. The whole system provided by Sigmaphi will include the superconductive coils, the cryostat, the service turret with the cryocoolers, the power supplies, the monitoring instrumentation and the quench protection electronic system. The design has started on April 2008 and the start of the manufacturing is scheduled end of 2009. The poster introduces the main design parameters and gives an overview of the technical solutions chosen for this project.

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The IC-CPO (Institut Curie – Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay) integrating an IBA particle therapy system

Annalisa PATRIARCA1, S. Meyroneinc1 on behalf of the IC-CPO team, B.

Launé2 1Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, 2Institut de Physique

Nucléaire d’Orsay In 18 years of activity, more than 4800 patients (Head&Neck and ophthalmologic treatments) were treated at the Institut Curie-CPO. Since 2002 we experienced an increase both of the treatment’s sessions (more than 20%) and of the failure's number (old equipments). So, in order to ensure the continuity of the treatments, since 2006 the IC-CPO is involved in an extension and modernization project. The present 200 MeV synchrocyclotron will be shut down and the two existing treatment rooms will receive a proton beam delivered by an IBA proton therapy system, a C235 cyclotron that together with a gantry will provide new medical specifications for the centre. For the long term success of the project a specific training programs and the participation to the installation is ongoing. The poster presents the project’s issues and the choice of the equipment with its technical specifications in order to satisfy the requirements needed to obtain the dose rate and the suited range in the patient for the treatments.

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List of Participants:

Michel Abs IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Andreas Adelman PSI Switzerland

Ender Akcöltekin Varian, Bergisch Gladbach GERMANY

Faisal Alrumayan King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh SAUDI ARABIA

Eric Baron ARCHADE FRANCE

Christian Baumgarten Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen SWITZERLAND

William Beeckman Sigmaphi s.a. France

Hans Beijers KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Jorik Belmans IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Patrick Bertrand GANIL, Caen FRANCE

Sytze Brandenburg KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Peter Budz Varian, Bergisch Gladbach GERMANY

Yuri Bylinski TRIUMF Vancouver CANADA

Luciano Calabretta INFN-LNS Catania ITALY

Frédéric Chautard GANIL FRANCE

Fabrizio Consoli INFN, Catania ITALY

Gérald Degreef Bel V, Brussels BELGIUM

Andrea Denker Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GERMANY

Marco di Giacomo GANIL France

Rudi Dierckx NGMB UMCG, Groningen Netherlands

Rudolf Dölling PSI Switzerland

Gerardo Dutto TRIUMF, Vancouver Canada

Rober Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton

Laboratory

UNITED

KINGDOM

Adriano Garonna Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de

Lausanne (EPFL)

Switzerland

Ralph Gebel Forschungszentrum Jülich GERMANY

Marc-Jan van

Goethem

KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Ilya Gornikel ALPHYSICA GmbH GERMANY

Konrad Gugula INP PAN POLAND

Pauli Heikkinen University of Jyväskylä FINLAND

Reinhard Hentschel University Hospital Essen GERMANY

54

Michel Hevinga KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Mariet Hofstee KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Martin Humbel Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen SWITZERLAND

Johan de Jong UMC Groningen Netherlands

Yves Jongen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Galina Karamysheva Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,

Dubna

RUSSIA

Harry Kiewiet KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Willem Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Achim Kleinrahm ZAG Zyklotron AG GERMANY

Hannu Koivisto University of Jyväskylä FINLAND

Jan Kozempel European Commission Italy

Eric Kral IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Vladimir Kukhtin ALPHYSICA RUSSIA

Juan Ignacio Lagares CIEMAT, Madrid Spain

Evgeny Lamzin ALPHYSICA RUSSIA

Peter Lemmens KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Marc Loiselet UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Mario Maggiore INFN-LNS Italy

Pierre Mandrillon AIMA Development SA, Nice FRANCE

Jose-Luis Martinez-

Albertos

CIEMAT, Madrid Spain

Luis Medeiros Romao IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Vladimir Mironov KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Nikolay Morozov JINR, Dubna Russia

Marie Helene

Moscatello

GANIL, Caen FRANCE

Bhaskar Mukherjee WPE GmbH, Essen GERMANY

Benoit Nactergal IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Vincent Nuttens IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Diego Obradors

Campos

CIEMAT, Madrid SPAIN

Reint Ostendorf KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Anne Paans NGMB UMCG, Groningen Netherlands

Annalisa Patriarca Institut Curie - Centre de

Protontherapie d'Orsay

FRANCE

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Pascal Pèlerin IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Leandro Piazza INFN-LNS, Catania Italy

Sébastien Quets IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Heinrich Röcken Varian, Bergisch Gladbach GERMANY

Suresh Saminathan KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Evgeny Samsonov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,

Dubna

RUSSIA

Marco Schippers Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen SWITZERLAND

Paul Schmor AAPS Inc., TRIUMF CANADA

Frans Schreuder KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Hermann Schweickert ZAG Zyklotron AG GERMANY

Mike Seidel Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen SWITZERLAND

Ayanangsha Sen KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Thomas Servais IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Erik Steinmann Danfysik, Denmark DENMARK

Thomas Stephani Varian, Bergisch Gladbach GERMANY

Segey Sytchevskiy ALPHYSICA RUSSIA

Olli Tarvainen University of Jyväskylä FINLAND

Artur Tiede ZAG Zyklotron AG GERMANY

Ville Toivanen University of Jyväskylä FINLAND

Bruno Torremans IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM

Emiel van der Graaf KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Niek van Wiefferen KVI, Groningen Netherlands

Wim Velthuis SIEMENS Nederland B.V. Netherlands

Antonio Villari Pantechnik, Bayeux FRANCE

Marzena Wolinska-

Cichocka

Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw POLAND

Christina Wouters Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen SWITZERLAND

Simon Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM