rivas - historia de san lorenzo - 1910

8/3/2019 Rivas - Historia de San Lorenzo - 1910

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5/52

BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ [Y

@EQ]CVEDMNQDK ICVNKWC ))


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[


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MNI D^]CV|cnqd

Id F~nkd AdkaekId V~}d Ekaenv}dIdq @cvdq @~vodkdqOda~kmc |cnbd `eq}veac%

|qeacichd u mema}eadIcq \vcfinbdq mn id Ek}niehnkaedId Cv}chvdod nk id Nqa~nid \vebdved

@EQ]CVED@eq}cved mni O~nv}n mn Bneekj`~

& mn H~dvmed mn id Nqt~ekd nk niDk~dvec mn id Oda~i}dm mn Oeicqcodu In}vdq mn Vcqdvec%

& mn Qdk Icvnkwc

Vnqnvdmcq }cmcq ic[ mnvna`cq+


8/52


9/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC

AD\E]ÎC ENI @EQ]VEAC ACK_NK]C MN QDK ADVICQIcq |dqdgnvcq t~n d medvec }vdkqe}dk nk ni bkef~qt~n mnqmn Vcqdvec qn mevehn d id icadiemdm mn Qnvcmekc)d|nkdq qe oegdk id bevdmd) ack id ekmeonvnkaed mni t~n`danv

ac}emedkc) nk icq nqacbfvcq q~fqeq}nk}nq mn ~k nmeoe"aec acickedi adqe a~fenv}c |cv id bdinwd) g~k}c d id bdv"hnk mni vc Advadvd) d nqadqcq bn}vcq mni adbekc advvn"}nvc+ Dii qn indk}dfd id nq}dkaed u ad|eiid mn Qdk Beh~ni)mn icq |dmvnq gnq~}dq) o~kmdmd nk icq |vebnvcq dcq mniqehic P_EEE nk icq adb|cq t~n |nv}nknaenvck d mck Bd"k~ni Menw mn Dkmekc) mnqankmenk}n mn ~kc mn icq dkebc"qcq bdkanfcq aveciicq t~n di bdkmc mn nqn vnaec dvkt~n o~n mck G~dk mn Hdvdu qn meq|~qenvck d &dfvevin|~nv}dq d id }envvd&+Di eh~di t~n idq mnbq acb~kemdmnq gnq~}eadq) id mnQdk Beh~ni ackq}e}~u ~kd ddkwdmd mn |vchvnqc u aeeie"wdaek nk bnmec mn dt~niid `~vdd np}nkqek mn }nvve}c"vec+ Nk idq bek~aecqdq d|~k}daecknq mni iefvc mn ack}dm~"vd mn id cvmnk) npeq}nk}n nk ni Dvaèc @eq}veac mn Qdk"}d On) qn acb|v~nfd t~n ni vnonvemc nq}dfinaebenk}c eb"|cv}dfd unvfd u }dfdac mn idq Beqecknq+ Mnqmn ni Advad"vd nqcq |vcm~a}cq nvdk nkmemcq u }vdkq|cv}dmcq nk ad"vvn}d `daed idq |vcekaedq mn A~uc) u mnqmn dii `dq}d Aè"in+ Dadqc id mnbdvadaek mn icq |vebnvcq adbekcq di ek"}nvecv qnd mnfemd d nqn ek}nvadbfec mn bnvadmnvdq u bd"k~oda}~vdq+ Nk 486< qn inn nq}d q~hnq}ed dkc}daek7 &Uacbc 4


10/52

BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

dkebdinq fcekcq mn icq beqbcq =


11/52


aebenk}c acbnkwdfd q~ |edmcqd idfcv) ni dfknhdmc meqa"|~ic mni &|cnvniic& mn Dqq) t~n q~ovd mn dh~mqebddbknqed) adu nk dfv~bdmcvd aveqeq bnidkaiead+ Iindmcd F~nkcq Devnq n ek}nvkdmc nk id nkonvbnvd mn id Vnac"in}d) b~ve ni 5 mn bdvwc mn 480=+Kcbfvdmc nk q~ vnnb|idwc ovdu Ovdkaeqac Di}cidh~e"vvn) np a~q}cmec mn id cvmnk nk id Dq~kaek) u t~n |cvnqn nk}ckanq qn nkack}vdfd nk Nq|dd) qn }vdqidm di Adv"advd ack 41 beqecknvcq) }cbdkmc |cqnqek mni acinhec ni68 mn g~iec mn 480?+Nk bnmec mni }vnbnkmc mnqdb|dvc mn icq adb|cq) `d"fe}dkmc eenkmdq ekqdi~fvnq) |vedmcq mn diebnk}cq u qc"acvvc u np|~nq}cq d id |nvbdknk}n dbnkdwd mn icq qdid"gnq) icq ovdkaeqadkcq vnqcienvck bdkmdv ~k nbeqdvec dF~nkcq Devnq nk |vca~vd mn d~peiecq u d~}cvewdaek |dvd}vdqidmdv ni acinhec d id Acicked mn] Qdavdbnk}c+Di qnv mnknhdmd id dkh~q}ecqd qcieae}~m o~n mnqehkdmck~nc h~dvmek ovdu Beh~ni V~w mn Vedc) t~enk qn |vc"|~qc vnackq}v~ev icq mnvv~emcq b~vcq mni acinhec+ Ackq"}v~u d nqcq nona}cq ~k `cvkc mn idmveiicq u ichv id mckd"aek mn bdmnvd |dvd icq }na`cq: |nvc di ekeaedv icq }vdfd"gcq qn in ekocvb t~n idq d~}cvemdmnq mn F~nkcq Devnqmnqd|vcfdfdk id vnackq}v~aaek |cv }vd}dvqn mn i~hdv }dkek`q|e}c+ Dackqngdfdk) nk adbfec) ni }vdqidmc mni acinhecdi |dhc mn Qdk Icvnkwc) }vnq inh~dq `daed ni nq}n) qcfvn nivc \dvdk+ Ni evvnu Dvvnmckmc nbe}e ni mnavn}c meq|c"kenkmc id }vdkqonvnkaed vnonvemd+Ni iidbdmc |dhc mn Qdk Icvnkwc nq}dfd qe}~dmc d 1jeibn}vcq mn id da}~di ae~mdm `cbkebd+ Qn }vd}dfd mn~k mnq|nvmehdmc vdka`nvc qnbeca~i}c nk}vn icq nqadicknqkd}~vdinq mn id fdvvdkad+ Q~ o~kmdaek qn d}vef~un d idknanqemdm mn ca~i}dbenk}c mn |dv}n mn ~k hv~|c mn |nv"qnh~emcq |cv id g~q}eaed+Ni |vc|en}dvec) mck Oiep Dimdc) mck d icq |dmvnqovdkaeqadkcq ~k }nvvnkc mn 4+1+


12/52

BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

u 1< mn id ae~mdm mn Qdk}d On) u) qnhk idq Bnbcvedq mni|dmvn Ackq}dkaec Onvvnvc) 1 a~dv}cq mn inh~d mni vc \d"vdk+ Nq}d i}ebd meq}dkaed |dvnanv npanqed) |nvc mnfndmbe}evqn t~n id fdvvdkad) mn hvdk di}~vd u vhemdbnk}ndadk}eidmd) `d q~ovemc ack}ek~cq mnqb+cvckdbenk}cq t~n`dk vnm~aemc q~ vnd+ Id meid}dmd |idud t~n npeq}d nk4041 di |en mni fdvvdkac) u nk id a~di mnqnbfdvadvckidq }vc|dq nq|dcidq) `d mnqd|dvnaemc fdgc idq dh~dq+ Nih~dvmek ovdu Gcdt~k M~aad bn dqnh~v nk 45=8 t~na~dkmc i iinh |cv |vebnvd nw di acknk}c) nk 405>) dkq~fqeq}d+Id nmeoeadaek o~n |vekae|edmd ack aekac bei m~vcq mc"kdmcq |cv Advicq EEE u dih~kcq q~fqemecq cf}nkemcq nkF~nkcq Devnq) dhvnhdmcq d idq nackcbdq mn icq ovdkaeq"adkcq+ Ni acknk}c ackq}dfd mn id ad|eiid) hdi|cknq) }d"|edq u aid~q}vcq+ Md}d mn nk}ckanq id Fdgdmd mn icq \d"mvnq) npaddmd |cv niicq nk id fdvvdkad+ \cv niid `~u~kd |dv}n mn idq }vc|dq nq|dcidq ni 1 mn onfvnvc mn 4041+@daed ni kcv}n) qnqhdkmc ni }nvvnkc) npeq}n ~kd |vc"o~kmd `ckmckdmd t~n qn nkqdka`d hvdm~dibnk}n d bnme"md t~n qn danvad di \dvdk) nk ni a~di mnqnbfcad+ Iddb|ie}~m mn id beqbd inq |nvbe}e d idq }vc|dq vndieq}dqiinhdv d idq anvadkdq mni acknk}c nk acvvna}d ocvbdaek+Ni `eq}veac acinhec o~n }vdqidmdmc mnqmn icq adb|cqmn Dkmekc ni ? mn bduc mn 485?+ Id anvnbcked o~n vnin"dk}n nk q~ aveq}edkd qnkaeiinw+ Iinhdvck ack dk}eae|daekmn dvecq mdq nq|na}dfinq naekcq mn F~nkcq Devnq+ Vc"qdvec) Qdk}d On u Qdk Keaciq) dih~kcq nk advv~dgn) c}vcqd adfdiic+ Adk}dkmc qdibcq) nk}vn ni nq}v~nkmc mn qdidqu ac`n}nq) id acbe}ed iinh `dq}d ~kd a~dmvd mn meq}dk"aed mni acknk}c+ Mnqmn dii ack}ek~dvck d |en) nk bn"mec mn `ckmc vnachebenk}c) `dq}d ni ek}nvecv mni nmeoeaec)|vcanmekmcqn d q~ fnkmeaek+ D idq mcq mn id }dvmn) mnq"|~q mn acvmedi vnovehnvec) o~nvck adk}dmdq idq q|nvdqu vnwdmcq icq bde}eknq+ Dq t~nm ekd~h~vdmd id emd bc"kq}ead nk ni qdhvdmc vnaek}c+Di h~dvmek ovdu Vdbk Vnmvdvc qn mnfn id ekeaed"aek mni }nb|ic da}~di ni dc 40


13/52


mnvd) fnmdq) 4= animdq u id nqadinvd t~n |nvbe}n ni dq"ankqc d id nq|dmdd mn }vnq dvacq) |~nq}c mn cfqnvdaekmn Qdk Bdv}k nk id bdmv~hdmd mn 1 mn onfvnvc mn 4041+Icq b~vcq mn id k~nd ehinqed bnmdk nk}ckanq aekac bn"}vcq mn di}~vd) |nvc nq}dfdk }nvbekdmcq icq ienkwcq mn icqidmcq q~v u cnq}n) di eh~di t~n ni vnona}cvec) ack ad|daemdm|dvd 0< |nvqckdq) t~n o~n }vdkqocvbdmc nk `cq|e}di mnqdkhvn+ Nk id dk}eh~d ad|eiid) `cu qdaveq}d) o~n aninfvdmcnR }nmn~b di md qeh~enk}n mn id ea}cved+

Id nqa~nid mn Qdk Advicq o~n avndmd nk 40


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15/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC 64

AD\E]^IC EENI HICVECQC NKQDUC MN ICQ HVDKDMNVCQNqn odbcqc `na`c mn dvbdq a~ud }vdqankmnkaed) bqt~n mn q~q |vc|cvaecknq ek}vkqnadq) q~vhn mn q~q qehkeoe"

ad}ecq diadkanq |dvd id ad~qd nbdkae|dmcvd) `d cvehekd"mc nvqecknq meq|dvnq+ Dih~kdq d|cv}daecknq ekme}dq u idackovck}daek mn icq md}cq }nq}ebckedinq |nvbe}nk ~kdc|cv}~kd vndicvdaek+Ni hnknvdi Be}vn o~kmdbnk} id mnqave|aek mni acb"fd}n nk ni idakeac |dv}n mn Qdk Bdv}k) idq vnonvnkaedqmn Vcfnv}qck nk idq t~n dmev}e mn}diinq ekaenv}cq%) nivnid}c mni mca}cv Kddvvc) idq eknq}ehdaecknq vndiewdmdq|cv Advvdkwd u idq Bnbcvedq mni hnknvdi Cidwfdi+ @dandih~kcq dcq) id fqt~nmd nk Qdk Icvnkwc mn vnq}cq mniqcimdmc mnqackcaemc |vcbce ni dqnqcvdbenk}c mn id vnq"|n}dfin dkaedkd mcd Fenknkemd \didaecq mn Vcimdk) `egdmn mck Kdwdvec \didaecq kdaemc nk 480= u odiinaemc nk4006 ) ~kc mn icq qcimdmcq ci~k}dvecq ekacv|cvdmcq dinqa~dmvk mn hvdkdmnvcq d q~ |dqc |cv Vcqdvec+ Niidcvenk} idq npaddaecknq ack dadfdmd |vnaeqek) bnvn"aenkmc ni dhvdmnaebenk}c mn idq d~}cvemdmnq beie}dvnq nk"advhdmdq mn id |d}ve}ead }dvnd+ D q~ oemniqebd bnbcved)ekmnbkn d icq kcnk}d dcq mn nmdm) mnfc ek}nvnqdk}nqvnonvnkaedq ackovck}dmdq nk q~anqedq nk}vneq}dq+Id nqa~dmveiid nq|dcid mnfd a~b|iev }vnq cfgn}ecq|vekae|dinq7 ek}nvan|}dv }cmd aidqn mn d~peiecq di ngvae}cqe}edmcv mn Bck}nemnc) ek}nvv~b|ev idq acb~keadaecknqack ni \dvdh~du) ekdhc}dfin o~nk}n mn vna~vqcq kd}~vdinq)u |vda}eadv ni dvvdqdbenk}c mn idq |cfidaecknq vefnvndq)d id nw t~n d|ieadv ni ninbnk}di |vekae|ec adq}vnkqn mn~q~ov~a}~dv icq vna~vqcq mni nknbehc+


16/52

46 BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

Mnfemc di fict~nc idq }vc|dq u |vceqecknq mnq}ekdmdqdi ngvae}c |d}vec}d t~n c|nvdfd nk id Fdkmd Cvenk}di q"ic |cmdk av~wdv ni vc \dvdk) qnhk idq Bnbcvedq mnihnknvdi Evedv}n) |cv Adudq}) aenk jeibn}vcq di kcv}n mnid ae~mdm mn Qdk}d On) u mnqmn dii mevehevqn d \~k}d Hcv"md) `cu |~nv}c mn Medbdk}n+ Nqd o~n id ad~qd |cv id a~dini hcfenvkc qn ec ocvwdmc d mnqbdk}nidv idq mcq fd}nvdqmn Vcqdvec ack ni oek mn vnocvwdv idq mn dt~ni |~k}c+

Nk icq mdq 5 u 4< mn ca}~fvn mn 4046 icq vndieq}dqdqdi}dvck idq |cfidaecknq mn Vekak mn Qdk \nmvc u QdkKeaciq: nk id |vebnvd qdt~ndvck ni acknk}c mn ovdk"aeqadkcq u nk id qnh~kmd }cmdq idq adqdq mn acbnvaec) mn|dv}ea~idvnq u id ehinqed+ Id |vnmeinaaek |cv ni dqdi}c decq acknk}cq qn cvehekdfd nk t~n icq vniehecqcq meq|ckdk)|cv ic hnknvdi) mn df~kmdk}nq adk}emdmnq mn hdkdmc+ Ackni oek mn |vc}nhnv idq |cfidaecknq ni hcfenvkc in nkadvhdi nk}ckanq }nkenk}n acvckni Gcq mn Qdk Bdv}k id ehe"idkaed mn id acq}d mni \dvdk mnqmn Wdvd}n `dq}d Qdk"}d On+Ni 60 mn nknvc mn 4041 ni mevna}cv mn acvvncq in cv"mnk di bdnq}vc mn |cq}d mn Bcvk |vnqnk}dvqn nk id |d"'wd mn id ad|e}di) d idq = mn id }dvmn) ack 4


17/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC R1

mc ~k nqa~dmvk mn ci~k}dvecq t~n i~nhc ekacv|cv d icqhvdkdmnvcq+ Nk}vn niicq qn nkack}vdfd Kdwdvec \didaecq+Mni mnqnb|nc mn icq gnknq qcimdmcq qdk}donqekcq ni gn"on |d}vec}d ackqehk nk ni |dv}n mn id daaek |didfvdq mnnkacbec+Mcq mdq mn o~nv}nq q~vnq}dmdq daninvdvck id kdnhd"aek mn id nqa~dmvd mngdkmc d Qdk Bdv}k ack mcq gcv"kdmdq mn vn}vdqc+ Ocvwdkmc id bdva`d ichv iinhdv d id|cq}d mn Qdk Icvnkwc qe}~dmd d > Jb+ mni acknk}c `d"an |cac }enb|c o~nvck mnbciemcq icq i}ebcq a~dv}cq mnnqn `eq}veac i~hdv) nk bnmec mn id ekmeonvnkaed mn idqd~}cvemdmnq u idq g~k}dq mn `eq}cved + Iinh ni 6 mn on"fvnvc d idq 4< mn id kca`n+ Dii qn nkack}v ack Vcfnv}"qck u ni acbdkmdk}n Nqadidmd) t~enk ic nq|nvdfd ack q~qci~k}dvecq u 6


18/52

6= BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

}dq id ocvbdaek mn idq aci~bkdq dk}nq mn dqankmnv idfdvvdkad+ Bn vnonvd ni V+ \+ ovdu Gcdt~k M~ad t~n a~dk"mc i iinh di acknk}c |cv |vebnvd nw) nk 405>) nqd |id"ud dk npeq}d: `cu `d qemc }c}dibnk}n a~fenv}d |cv idqdh~dq+A~dkmc ni acknk}c o~n }vdqidmdmc mnqmn icq adb|cdmn Dkmekc icq ovdkaeqadkcq npaddvck nk id fdvvdkad)ovnk}n di beqbc) ~kd dkhcq}d fdgdmd mn nqadicknq kd}~vd"inq+ \cv dii) |vck~kaedmd id mnvvc}d) `~u ~kd |dv}n mnid }vc|d vndieq}d+ Idq meq}dkaedq t~n ackqehkd Qka`nwWekku nk q~ fechvdod mni hnknvdi Knaca`nd qck bq acv"}dq t~n idq da}~dinq) d |nqdv mn icq q~anqecq mnvv~bfd"benk}cq ad~qdmcq |cv id nv}eadiemdm mn id acq}d u id nvc"qek mn q~ fdqn |cv ni a`ct~n mn idq cidq+ Mnqmn id Fdgdmdmni ]ehvn `dq}d ni acknk}c bnmed ~kd meq}dkaed mn =60bn}vcq u mnqmn id Fdgdmd mn icq \dmvnq `dq}d ni d}vec |c"ac bq mn >


19/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC G>

kecfvd &hdkdv id fdvvdkad& qnhk np|vnqd nk q~ |dv}n mnid daaek+ Id |vebnvd advhd o~n iindmd d &hvdk hdic|n&)u a~dkmc icq nq|dcinq qn |vc|ckdk mn k~nc ocvbdv &~ka~dmvc eb|nvona}c&) di mnaev mn q~ gnon) icq hvdkdmnvcq eke"aedfdk id qnh~kmd dacbn}emd) bq ehcvcqd t~n id |ve"bnvd u t~n }db|cac o~n qeb~i}knd mnfemc d ~k vn}vdqcmn Fnvbmnw) |nvc qn |vcm~gc nk ni |vnaeqc bcbnk}c nkt~n Qdk Bdv}k vcmndmc mn nknbehc t~n }vd}dfdk mn ~i"}ebdvic |~hkdfd |cv mnqdqevqn mni |nqc mn q~ adfdiicb~nv}c |cv ~k }dvvc mn bn}diid+ U o~n }dbfek nk id qn"h~kmd advhd a~dkmc Fnvbmnw vnaefe ni fdidwc t~n inmnq}vcw id |envkd+ Id q~nv}n mni acbfd}n `dfd t~nmdmcmnoekemd nk ~k a~dv}c mn `cvd+Id }vdkqave|}d dqnnvdaek mni gnon nq|dci acekaemnack ic doevbdmc |cv ni hnknvdi Cidwfdi nk ni qnk}emc mnt~n icq nknbehcq qn vn}evdvck `dq}d &iinhdv di fcvmn mn idfdvvdkad& u ni }nq}ebckec mni qcimdmc \didaecq mn t~n icqbeqbcq ek}nk}dvck |vcickhdv id vnqeq}nkaed ocvbdkmc a~d"mvcq |dvaedinq di fcvmn mn id acq}d+ U o~n nk}ckanq a~dkmc)qnhk ni beqbc da}cv) Qdk Bdv}k vnni q~ hnkedi |idq"}eaemdm nq}vd}head vna~vvenkmc d id }a}ead dvd~adkd mnd}dv ~k idwc d id aeka`d mn mcq adfdiicq d icq t~n i~nhcqn mnqfdvvdkadfd) vcb|enkmc |cv nqn bnmec idq i}ebdqocvbdaecknq nknbehdq+ Mn kc `dfnv dmc|}dmc nqn vna~vqc)~kd }vc|d dh~nvvemd acbc nqd) ocvbdmd nk a~dmvc qcfvnid fdvvdkad dadk}eidmd mn bq mn }vnek}d bn}vcq mn di}~"vd) ic t~n id mngdfd d a~fenv}c mn id daaek mn id adfdiin"vd |d}vec}d u d|cudmd |cv icq adcknq mn id nqa~dmvd) `~"fenvd |cmemc |vcickhdv ni acbfd}n |cv }enb|c ekmnoekemc+Nk |vco~qek mn }np}cq) nqacidvnq dih~kcq) qn `d me"o~kmemc ni mnqdaenv}c mn |vnqnk}dv d Adfvdi }evdkmc mn idqvenkmdq mni adfdiic mn Qdk Bdv}k |dvd iefnvdvin+ Qn }vd"}d mn ~kd eb|cqefeiemdm mn cvmnk oqeac+ Nk nqn |~k}c}dk}c Cidwfdi acbc \didaecq odaeie}dk id nvqek bq]ean|}dfin+ Qnhk ni |vebnvc mn icq kcbfvdmcq) ni `nvceachvdkdmnvc &qn }ev di q~nic }cbkmcin mn id |envkd t~n }n"kd iefvn&: ni qnh~kmc dqnh~vdfd t~n Adfvdi &ic dfvdw|cv id aek}~vd) |dvd qdadvin mni d|ven}c&+Icq |cvbnkcvnq t~n q~anmenvck di acbfd}n vneq}nk


20/52

ET BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

nk icq vna~nvmcq mn \didaecq ad|e}di eb|cv}dkaed |cv idcfgn}eemdm mn idq cfqnvdaecknq+ Mnfemc d id nkackdmdvnqeq}nkaed u ni qcq}nkemc o~nhc mn icq f~t~nq) Qdk Bdv"}k |dvnae }nbnv ~k k~nc mnqnbfdvac+ Ic q~|ckn |cvid ovna~nkaed ack t~n ni gnon |d}vec}d dqankmd di adb"|dkdvec+ Mnfemc d ~kd idvhd qnt~d u ni ek}nkqc adicv vne"kdk}n icq |dq}cq nq}dfdk vnqnacq+ \cv nqd ad~qd icq adc"kdwcq |vccadfdk hvdkmnq ekankmecq nk ni |dgckdi mniadb|c) meoea~i}dkmc id }dvnd mn vnachnv icq `nvemcq+ Ud|cv id }dvmn ni `nmcv mn icq admnvnq nvd ekqc|cv}dfin uqn cvmnk d icq qcimdmcq ci~k}dvecq id npaddaek mn~kd idvhd wdkgd mnq}ekdmd d qn|~i}dvicq+ \dvd niic) qn inqdvvdq}vdfd d id aeka`d mn icq adfdiicq) }di nvd ni nq}dmcmn mnqacb|cqeaek+ Acbc id npaddaek qic }nkd bnmecbn}vc mn |vco~kmemdm) id }envvd t~n a~fvd icq a~nv|cqidka`dmcq qcfvn|dqdfd id q~|nvoeaen+ Ni vnona}cvec u idqanimdq nq}dfdk iinkdq mn `nvemcq u nqn `na`c davnme}d idnvdaemdm }vdmeaeckdi mni nknvdmc |ekc mni acknk}c+Mnqmn dii `dq}d id ad|eiid anvvdfd ni |d}ec ~kd idvhd |d"vnm mn }d|ed ack id kead dfnv}~vd mn ~kd |nt~nd |~nv"}d t~n |nvbe}d ni daanqc d id }cvvn+ Mn id ina}~vd mni |dv"}n mni acbfd}n qn ekoenvn t~n mnfe qnv vnmda}dmc di |vc"bnmedv id }dvmn+ A~dkmc ni acbdkmdk}n Wddid o~n d qc"ieae}dv |nvqckdibnk}n nvnq |dvd id }vc|d u bnmeadbnk"}cq |dvd icq `nvemcq) qn vn}ev mni acknk}c &|dqdmd idqenq}d&+ U kc nq eiheac ni q~|cknv t~n id knanqemdm mndingdvqn mni aidbcv mn icq `nvemcq dicgdmcq nk ni vnona}c"vec u |vc}nhnvqn mn icq vducq mni qci adkea~idv `dudk iin"dmc d Qdk Bdv}k `dq}d nqn qe}ec mnqmn mckmn |cmd ac"b~keadvqn mevna}dbnk}n ack id }cvvn+ Davnme}d id |nvm~"vdaek on`daenk}n mn nqd vnonvnkaed id aeva~kq}dkaed mn t~nni h~dvmek mni acknk}c nqn md) ovdu \nmvc Hdvad) |nv"bdknae dii `dq}d q~ b~nv}n) ca~vvemd nk 4066) a~dkmc udni gnon mn icq hvdkdmnvcq nvd ni iefnv}dmcv mn }vnq kdaecknq+Id `egd mni hvdkdmnvc ci~k}dvec mn Qdk Icvnkwc mc"d Fenknkemd \didaecq mn Vcimdk b~ve d icq 5= dcq mnnmdm) meqov~}dkmc mn ~kd |nkqek mn 4= |nqcq bnkq~dinq$Ni md mni acbfd}n `dfd nk ni acknk}c 48 qdanvmc"}nq) }cmcq nq|dcinq ack id kead npan|aek mn ovdu G~dk


21/52


22/52


23/52


AD\E]ÎC EEEVCQDVEC U QDK ICVNKWC ACBC \VCBC]CVNQ MN\VCHVNQC U AE_EIEWDAEK+ ID OEVBD MNI DVBEQ"]EAEC MN 4045+ NI MCFIN ACBFD]N MNI T^NFVD"A@C+ ID O^KMDAEK MNI \^NFIC

Nk 4?05 mck I~eq Vcbnvc mn \eknmd cf}nkd |cv bnv"anm vndi ~kd q~nv}n mn }envvdq qcfvn id bdvhnk mnvna`dmni \dvdk+ Mea`c adb|c iebe}dfd ack ni |dhc mn id Bd"}dkwd `cu Dvvcuc Qnac%) u ni da}~di dvvcuc I~m~nd):k}ckanq mnkcbekdmc mn Qdiekdq) |cv ni kcv}n+ Nk ev}~mmn mnvna`c `nvnme}dvec nqdq }envvdq |dqdvck d |cmnv mn mc"d G~dkd Vcbnvc mn \eknmd) u |cq}nvecvbnk}n d q~q è"gcq) icq Hbnw Vnaec+ Nk ni ank}vc mn id |cqnqek qna~idvefd d qnv o~kmdmd id vnm~aaek) ad|eiid u eiid mni Vcqd"vec) a~kd mn id fdkmnvd kdaeckdi+ U nk ni adb|c aciekmdk"}n) qcfvn id fdvvdkad mni vc \dvdk) mn |vc|enmdm mn mckOiep Dimdc) ni acknk}c mn Qdk Advicq+ D |dv}ev mni qehicP_EEE) Vcqdvec |vcbce id o~kmdaek mn }cmdq idq |c"fidaecknq mni q~v qdk}donqekc: u Qdk Icvnkwc) ack q~ ei~q"}vn acknk}c) qn ackev}e nk ~k ank}vc mn daaek aeeie"wdmcvd |dvd }cmc ni ie}cvdi+ T~ qekh~idv mnq}ekc ni mndbfcq |~nficq$\nvc d |nqdv mni dqankmenk}n ichvdmc |cv icq ovdkaeq"adkcq nk c|cv}~kemdm mni acbfd}n mn Qdk Icvnkwc u idqehkeoeadaek qcaedi mn idq beqecknq ni acknk}c kc }~ck~kad id bnkcv du~md mn icq hcfenvkcq t~n vna~vvdk di a~dkmc nvd knanqdvec diodfn}ewdv u dmca}vekdv idq }ve"f~q dhv~|dmdq nk vnm~aaecknq) nk bnmec mn idq èvq~}dqfvndq mni kcv}n ek`q|e}c u qdidgn7 Adudq}d) ni Qd~an)Qdk Gdenv) Adudq}dae}c) Qdk}d Vcqd mn Adiaèknq) QdkGcq mni Vekak) Qdk Gnvkebc mni Vnu + + + Mnonkmenvck ni


24/52

6< BDV A C Q \+ V E _ D >

|fcvehnk mn id |vn|c}nkaed df~qdmcvd mni `cbfvn fidkac)bcvdiewdvck q~q acq}~bfvnq) inq eka~iadvck `fe}cq mn }vd"fdgc u `de}d ek}nk}dvck o~kmdv acickedq ack ekmhnkdq+Ni = mn g~kec mn 40>?) mnqmn Qdk}d Vcqd mn Adia`eknq)ovdu Gcq Bd+ Wdkc}}e mevehe d id Qdid mn Vn|vnqnk}dk}nq~kd np}nkqd acb~keadaek |emenkmc t~n d icq ekmecq inqmenvdk }envvdI)() di eh~di t~n d icq ekbehvdk}nq+ &Qe d icqnp}vdkgnvcq e"nad t~n |~nfidk icq adb|cq inq mdk a`d"avdq u abc }vdfdgdv) |cv t~ kc kcq idq mdk d kcqc}vcq3Ack niic qn |vcbcnvd id o~kmdaek mn |~nficq&+Id |vcnvfedi `cq|e}diemdm mn icq ovdkaeqadkcq mni ack"nk}c mn Qdk Advicq q~qae} id ed eb|vnqek mn icq ed"gnvcq t~n qn dachenvck d niid+ Idq animdq) ni `~nv}c) icq gdv"meknq u ni vnona}cvec dfvdkqn hnknvcqdbnk}n d id |nva~"qek mn icq |nqdmcq dimdfcknq+ + + Xeiiedbq Bda Adkk) t~neqe} nqn i~hdv nk 40=8) vnoenvn t~n ackq}dfd mn ~kcqaeka~nk}d vdka`cq+Ni hnknvdi Nq}dkeqidc I|nw) t~n nk q~ kenw o~n di~b"kc mn id nqa~nid mn nqd cvmnk) nk Qdk}d On) mnbcq}v id|nvqeq}nk}n ackqemnvdaek t~n in h~dvmdfd di ninhev niacknk}c mn Qdk Icvnkwc |dvd id oevbd mni dvbeq}eaecacknkemc ack icq mninhdmcq mni ngvae}c mn F~nkcq Devnqt~n `dfd ekdmemc id |vcekaed d idq vmnknq mn Fnihvd"kc) ni > mn dfvei mn 4045+ U cie d |vnonvevic |dvd qnmnmn idq knhcaedaecknq nq}e|~idmdq nk ni }vd}dmc mn \eidv) nk406


25/52


iewdv kekhk bcebenk}c ke `cq}eiemdm `dq}d vnaefev vmn"knq+ Qnvdk idq 44 mn id bddkd a~dkmc d|dvnaenvck nid|cv Hcvhck) id acvfn}d Np|nme}en) icq fnvhdk}eknq Mci"|`ek) Jekh u 6 hcin}dq bq: mn}vq nkdk ? f~t~nq mnh~nvvd ack 18 adcknq mn hv~nqc adiefvn ackcudkmc ~kdoic}d mn >6 f~t~nq bnvadk}nq+A~dkmc ec Bdkqeiid t~n }cmc ni ackcu qn nkack}vd"fd nk id |dv}n dkhcq}d mni vc) bq dvvefd mn QdkIcvnkwc) mec id qndi mn d}dt~n+ Icq qcimdmcq acvckdvckid fdvvdkad+ ^k eqebc o~nhc mn o~qei u k~}vemc adckncek}vcm~gc id acko~qek nk}vn icq nknbehcq+ Icq f~t~nqbnvadk}nq) a`cadkmc nk}vn niicq) v~bfndfdk mnqbdk}nid"mcq `daed icq dvvcucq |vpebcq) fdgc ni anv}nvc o~nhc mnidq fd}nvdq mn }envvd bdkmdmdq |cv ni bducv Gcq Anvn"qc u idq ad|e}dknq Qdk}edhc Bd~vean u Didvc mn Diw~"hdvdu+ Benk}vdq bq ddkwdfd id nqa~dmvd `daed ni T~n"fvda`c d acq}d mn a~dk}ecqdq |vmemdq bq mdcq inq ad~"qdfdk idq fd}nvdq mn Bdkqeiid+ Qn acbfd}e `dq}d id |~nq"}d mni qci+ \cv id kca`n qn mnqnkadmnk ~kd }nvvefin }cv"bnk}d u iice ac|ecqdbnk}n+ Idq fdgdq mn idq }vc|dq dv"hnk}ekdq o~nvck nqadqdq mnfemc d idq |cqeaecknq t~n ca~"|dfdk+Ni 4? mn onfvnvc mni beqbc dc) ni hnknvdi Bdkqeiidbdkm d Qdk Icvnkwc di acbdkmdk}n G~dk F+ ]`cvkn |d"vd t~n) mn da~nvmc ack ni g~nw mn |dw M+ G~dk Bdk~ni Di"adanv |vn|dvdqn k~ndq ocv}eoeadaecknq |dvd d}dadv mn k~n"c id bdi}vna`d nqa~dmvd nknbehd a~dkmc vnhvnqdvd mnAcvvenk}nq+ ]`cvkn nqadick }evdmcvnq) 0 adcknq) o~nvwdqbck}dmdq u 4+


26/52

66 BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

ank}vc 6 fd}nvdq mn 0 adcknq u 6 acb|ddq bdkmdmdq|cv ]`cvkn u d id ewt~envmd c}vd fd}nvd u ni vnhebenk}cQdk}d Acicbd di bdkmc mn nq}n gnon+ Nk id vnqnvd) 6


27/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC 61'

AD\E]ÎC E_DK]NANMNK]NQ MNI I^HDV+ ID O^KMDAEK

MN QDK ICVNKWC+ Q^ N_CIÂEKAcbc }cmc ic t~n enkn mnqmn ni acickedgn) ni cvehnkmn id mnkcbekdaek mni &|dhc mn Mck Icvnkwc& qn mei~unnk }vdmeaecknq c inunkmdq+ Id vnonvnkaed bq dk}eh~d d|d"vnan nk idq da}dq mni adfeimc mn Qdk}d On acvvnq|ckmenk"

}nq d 4?>?) anmenkmc d Mck Bdv}k mn _nvd u Dvdhk ~kdbnvanm mn }envvdq nk id &Fdgdmd mn Qdk Icvnkwc&+ Qnhkni èq}cvedmcv Mv+ Bdk~ni Anvnvd ni fnknoeaedvec |cfidii u i~nhc acb|v c}vd bnvanm t~n ni hcfnvkdmcv Me"id in `dfd dacvmdmc nk 4?11 d mck \nmvc mn Kddvvn}n uAdfvnvd+ Dcq mnq|~q _nvd qn }vdqidm di \nv mckmnmnqnb|n ni advhc mn g~nw mn id Vndi D~menkaed mn Id\id}d: mng q~q fenknq d advhc mn ~k nb|indmc u d q~vnhvnqc) mnq|~q mn 8 dcq) acb|vcf t~n }cmd q~ ocv}~kd`dfd mnqd|dvnaemc+ D bdknvd mn vnqdvaebenk}c ackqeh~et~n in dacvmdvdk mnvna`cq mn |cqnqek qcfvn }cmc ni hd"kdmc aebdvvk npeq}nk}n nk}vn Vdbdiic u ni Advadvd`dq}d Bnkmcwd+ A~dkmc b~ve) q~ ègc \nmvc mn _nvdnkme nqd daaek mn hdkdmcq d \eknmd) nk F~nkcq Devnq)ni dc 4?88+ ^k dc mnq|~q ni acb|vdmcv ackqeh~e mniadfeimc qdk}donqekc ni vnackcaebenk}c mn nqcq mnvna`cq+Nk a~dk}c d idq |vc|enmdmnq mn icq gnq~}dq t~n d vdwmn id np|~iqek mn id Cvmnk o~nvck }vdkqonvemdq d id G~k"}d mn ]nb|cvdiemdmnq) acb|vnkmdk ~k adb|c t~n |dv}dmnqmn id acq}d mni \dvdk u ni dvvcuc I~m~nd u qn |vc"ickhdfd `daed ni kcv}n |cv id acq}d mni Advadvd) `dq}dAv~v+ Di}[+ \evd qndidv nqn ibe}n o~n ~}eiewdmc d bdkn"vd mn bcgk ~kd nindmd av~w a~ud fdqn nq}dfd nb|c}vd"


28/52

6= BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

md nk ni f~gn mn ~kd v~nmd mn advvn}d) u mn id a~di }cbni kcbfvn id |cfidaek o~kmdmd |cv Gcq Bd+ mn Dkhiqnk 486?+ Idq mnqiekmnq mn nqn adb|c o~nvck |vda}eadmcqvnaek nk 40>> |cv icq dhvebnkqcvnq F~q}ekwd u Fiu}`+Nqn }nvvnkc mn idq ]nb|cvdiemdmnq `dfd qemc mnk~k"aedmc nk acb|vd |cv mck Bdk~ni Ehkdaec Menw mn Dkmekc)ni 4" mn bduc mn 485 ni nk}ckanq h~dvmekovdu Ovdkaeqac _edkd in `ewc |vnqnk}n d mck Oiep Dimdct~n ack bc}ec mn ~kd bnkq~vd t~n qn nq}dfd vndiewdkmcnk icq }nvvnkcq mni acknk}c) qn nkack}v ~k }nvvnkc qc"fvdk}n mnk}vc mn icq bcgcknq mni q~v u ni kcv}n) nk}vn idq|vc|enmdmnq mn mck Bd}nc Onvkkmnw u mck \nmvc I~gdk:u in |vnh~k}dfd qe q~ ek}nkaek `dfd qemc id mn mckdv


29/52

@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC 6>

}dbfek di acknk}c nqn }nvvnkc+ Dimdc in ack}nq} doev"bd}edbnk}n+^k |dmvk md}dmc di dc qeh~enk}n kc ackqehkd |dvdQdk Icvnkwc c}vd |cfidaek t~n id mni acknk}c) vnm~ae"md d 4< vniehecqcq) 44 inhcq) 46 |ncknq u 4 ad|d}dw: nq}cqi}ebcq mnfenvck qnv icq cfvnvcq difdeinq ca~|dmcq nk idnmeoeadaek mni did mnvna`d mni }nb|ic) }nvbekdmd vnaeknk 401>+ D}nkmenkmc d ~kd |vc|~nq}d mni acbdkmdk}n mnVcqdvec) mck Ovdkaeqac Advfcknii nqn mn|dv}dbnk}c o~nmeememc nk i= g~veqmeaaecknq) avnkmcqn |dvd admd ~kd niadvhc mn acbeqdvec+ Mn nqn bcmc) d |dv}ev mn 4011) QdkIcvnkwc o~n ~kd mn niidq+Nk 40=6 ni acvckni _eank}n Hckwinw nq}dfinae ~kdh~dvkeaek mnq}ekdmd d ek}nvan|}dv idq acb~keadaecknq nk"}vn G~dk \dfic I|nw) t~enk ek}nk}dfd nq}dfinanv ack}da"}c ack icq ekmecq vdkt~ninq mn \dek) Fdehcvved u \ea`k|dvd ekdmev Qdk}d On mnqmn Nk}vn Vcq+ Id |cfidaek np"|nvebnk} ack nqn bc}ec ~k |nt~nc d~bnk}c |nvc qeknpanmnv idq advda}nvq}eadq mn ~k vdka`nvc mnq|nvmehdmc+Nk 40=? o~n vnnb|idwdmc |cv ni acvckni Qdk}d Acicbd) nit~n np}nkme id eheidkaed `dq}d ni T~nfvda`c) benk}vdqni hv~nqc mni ngvae}c) di bdkmc mni hnknvdi khni \d"a`nac) nq}dfd nq}dfinaemc nk Bdaeni) mckmn ichv mnqfd"vd}dv ~kd c|nvdaek acbfekdmd mn I|nw u icq ekmecq+

^k dc mnq|~q eqe}dfd ni acknk}c ni edgnvc ekhiqXeiiedb Bda Adkk u adia~i nk ~kd mcankd icq ovdkaeq"adkcq vnqemnk}nq+ Qn in megc t~n id |cfidaek `dfd np|n"eebnk}dmc |cac |vchvnqc mnfemc d idq h~nvvdq u id odi}dmn qeb|d}dq nk}vn ni naekmdvec u icq vniehecqcq+Ni ankqc mn 40>0 in dqehkdfd d Qdk Icvnkwc 4+1>5 `d"fe}dk}nq u 4+1?8 ni mn 40?5+ Ni mn 4008 in mdfd ~k }c}di mn4+0?6+ Acbc qn dmenv}n) nk 65 dcq qic `dfd d~bnk}d"mc >


30/52

6? BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

}dmc u hnq}eck id mnqehkdaek mni |vebnv g~nw mn |dw)t~n o~n mck Fnvkdvmc Dvdkd+Ack dk}nvecvemdm) ni 14 mn meaenbfvn mn 40>=) `dfdvnhvnqdmc mn N~vc|d ~k hv~|c mn ovdkaeqadkcq+ Vnq|ck"menkmc di |nmemc mni hcfnvkdmcv mck Mcbekhc Avnq|c cf"}~envck mni \d|d id }vdkqonvnkaed mn icq }nvvnkcq mniacknk}c mn Qdk Advicq ack bevdq d id o~kmdaek mn ~k|~nfic+ Ni vnqave|}c |d|di) oevbdmc ni 1< mn dfvei mn 40>=in |nvbe}d di hcfenvkc |vcekaedi id ca~|daek mni }n"vvnkc knanqdvec |dvd icq oeknq np|vnqdmcq) |vned ek}nv"nkaek mni qkmeac mni Acknk}c+Icq }nvvnkcq t~n ni Nq}dmc |cqnd nk Qdk Icvnkwc)ca~|dmcq |cv id |idwd u ni a~dv}ni) ud `dfdk qemc nkme"mcq |cv id acbeqek mn naekcq+ Dq ekocvbdfd ni 6? mnca}~fvn mn 40>> ni vnan|}cv mn vnk}dq mn Vcqdvec) mckVdbk Onvvnuvd+

Ni 40 mn g~kec mn 40>? ni h~dvmek mni acknk}c) ovduE;dkeni Aekhcidke) daanmenkmc d ~k |nmemc mni hcfnvkdmcvA~iink) anme d id |vcekaed c}vdq }vnq bdkwdkdq mn }n"vvnkc |dvd nmeoeadv ~k }nb|ic u coeaekdq |fieadq) idq t~nqnvdk |dhdmdq nk id bnmemd t~n icq vna~vqcq oeqadinq ic|nvbe}envdk+Ni 44 mn meaenbfvn mn 40>? ni gnon |ci}eac mn Vcqd"vec mck Gdaek}c Acvdik qn }vdqidm d Qdk Icvnkwc nkacb|dd mni dhvebnkqcv G~iek mn F~q}ekwd ack ni oekmn ninhev ni qe}ec bq acknkenk}n |dvd id o~kmdaek) ca~"|dkmc ni vnd mn idq k~nn bdkwdkdq anmemdq |cv id d~"}cvemdm |d|di+ Qn dacvm dg~q}dv ni }vdwdmc d id cvenk}d"aek mni acknk}c) nq mnaev) mn kcv}n d q~v+ U |dvd kc cve"hekdv |nvg~eaecq d icq |vc|en}dvecq ni |idkc q~ove ~k mnq"|idwdbenk}c mn 66 dvdq `daed ni cnq}n) qenkmc dbcgckdmdqidq bdkwdkdq mn 41= dvdq) qn|dvdmdq |cv adiinq mn 4?+Id acbeqek mn naekcq ackqemnv g~q}eoeadmdq idq npe"hnkaedq mni qkmeac7 nona}~dv id }dqdaek mni dicv mn icq}nvvnkcq ack advhc |dvd ni hcfenvkc mn vnek}nhvdv d id ack"hvnhdaek) nk ni }enb|c u ocvbd t~n ni nvdvec ic |nvbe"}envd) ni eb|cv}n mn idq nk}dq+ Dvh~bnk}dfd t~n icq bd"hvcq vna~vqcq mn t~n meq|ckdk icq dfknhdmcq vniehecqcqinq vnq~i}dfdk ekq~oeaenk}nq |dvd id vndiewdaek mn id dvm~d


31/52


idfcv beqeckdi t~n acb|vnkmd id diodfn}ewdaek u ni dmca"}vekdbenk}c nk idq |vcekaedq mn Acvvenk}nq) Nk}vn Vcq)Qdk}d On u F~nkcq Devnq mnqmn Qdk \nmvc `dq}d Qdk Ke"aciq+ \cv nqn }enb|c ni acknk}c ack}dfd ack }vnek}dovdkaeqadkcq+Acbc vnq~i}dmc mn ~k bnkqdgn |vnqnk}dmc |cv ni hc"fnvkdmcv mck Gcq Bd+ A~iink) id inheqid}~vd qdkaeck ~kdinu ni 4? mn g~kec mn 40>? |cv id a~di oda~i}dfd di |cmnvngna~}ec d meq|cknv mn id q~bd knanqdved |dvd mniekndvu ocvbdv ni |~nfic mn Qdk Icvnkwc: u menw mdq mnq|~qmeq|ckd id avndaek mn ~kd nqa~nid mn kedq) oegdkmc niq~nimc mn id |vnan|}cvd nk 4> |nqcq bnkq~dinq u 6> |dvddit~einv mni icadi+Id acicked |vchvnqdfd daninvdmdbnk}n+ Ni 1 mn ca}~"fvn mn 40>0) }vnek}d u qen}n &naekcq idfvdmcvnq& qn meve"hdk di hcfnvkdmcv qcieae}dkmc id anqek mn bq }nvvnkcq+Qic meq|ckdk mn icq t~n }vnek}d dcq dk}nq inq dmg~meani hnknvdi Nq}dkeqidc I|nw u t~n q~bdfdk ~kd inh~d a~d"mvdmd+ Icq oevbdk}nq mni |n}e}cvec qn d|niiemdfdk Fnw)Dvdud) \nvdi}d) Bnmekd) Vcmvehnw) \ckan) Onvvnuvd)Dvcq}nh~e) Hcmcu) Dannmc) n}a}nvd+ Acbc qn n) }cmcqicq dhvea~i}cvnq nvdk kd}ecq+ ^kd inu mni 68 mn dhcq}c mn40?6 in mdfd id gnvdvt~d mn &adfnwd mn |dv}emc&+Nk 485< mck Oiep Dimdc `dfd ek}nk}dmc acb|vdv did G~k}d mn ]nb|cvdiemdmnq ~k }nvvnkc mn 5


32/52

60 BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

|fiead+ Nqn df~qc ack}ek~ ack icq acbdkmdk}nq mn adb"|dd+Mck G~dk mn \nvnmd u Bcvdk}n o~n kcbfvdmc nk 4885diadimn mn Vcqdvec u vnnina}c `dq}d 4805+ Ack niic cf}~c~kd ackanqek mn }envvdq qcfvn ni dvvcuc mni Bnmec) mckmn`cu q~fqeq}n ni &Cvd}cvec mn Bcvdk}n&+ Nk 40


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AD\E]^IC _NI MNQNK_CI_EBENK]C MN ID K^N_D \CFIDAEK

Ack ni oek mn acidfcvdv ack idq h~dvkeaecknq nq}daec"egdmdq nk H~dvmed mn id Nqt~ekd u Bniekj~ nk id av~nk"}d ack}nkaek mn idq ekdqecknq mn ekmecq o~n avndmc ni vn"hebenk}c K" 1 mn h~dvmedq kdaeckdinq di bdkmc mni ac"bdkmdk}n mck \nmvc B+ Dvdud+ Ic acb|ckdk naekcq mnVcqdvec) ni Qd~an u ni Mnqbca`dmc u }~c q~ dqenk}c nkQdk Icvnkwc+ \cac }enb|c mnq|~q) d vdw mn ~kd }nk}d"}ed mn q~findaek ack}vd idq d~}cvemdmnq mn Vcqdvec)Dvdud o~n q~fvchdmc |cv ni }nkenk}n acvckni khni Ad"fdiinvc+Ni ? mn onfvnvc o~n avndmd id b~keae|diemdm u ni 61mn bdvwc ni vnan|}cv mn `daenkmd mn Vcqdvec) mck Bnie}kAdvfcknii) vnbe}e di hcfenvkc ~kd kbekd mn icq nmeoeaecqnpeq}nk}nq nk Qdk Icvnkwc7 1 adqdq mn }d|ed |nv}nknaenk"}nq d Iwdvc Vet~nibn) Mcbekhc Acvmeecid u McbekhcMdknve) di~dmdq admd nk 4+>


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1< BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

o~kmdmd+ Icq hcfenvkcq mn F~nkcq Devnq u Nk}vn Vcq`dfdk |vcèfemc nqd aidqn mn }voeac u ni mn Qdk}d Ondmc|} dkichd bnmemd ack icq t~n doi~dk di |~nv}c mnIdq \enmvdq) |cv ic a~di icq &bnvadaèoinq& qn mnq|idwd"fdk `daed id |dv}n mni Advadvd+ Nk 40?> ]`cbdq G+@~}aèqck adia~idfd nk}vn =< u >< adqdq id nmeoeadaek mnQdk Icvnkwc+D qcieae}~m mn icq naekcq) ni 4< mn dhcq}c mn 40?< qnvndiew id |vebnvd ninaaek mn benbfvcq mn id g~k}d b~"keae|di+ _c}dvck >? nina}cvnq qenkmc ninhemcq Bdvedkc I"|nw) N~hnkec Iidh~kc u Mcbekhc Acvmeecid+Ni 66 mn bduc mni beqbc dc ni g~nw mn |dw) mckBdk~ni Bnmekd) ekocvbdfd di hcfenvkc t~n ni |vnan|}cvmn id nqa~nid qn `dfd npanmemc nk id dmbeqek mn di~b"kcq) bnvnaenkmc id kc}d id |vcemnkaed qeh~enk}n7 &Ack"}q}nqn t~n }cmd nqa~nid |fiead mnfn vnaefev a~dk}cqdi~bkcq qcieae}nk ekqave|aek benk}vdq q~ bcvdiemdm icq`dhd mehkcq u ni icadi ic |nvbe}d&+A~dkmc Cvcc) nk 40?1) dfdkmck id gnod}~vd mn Vc"qdvec) nin di hcfenvkc ~kd bnbcved mnq}dadkmc ni mnq"dvvciic mn id dhvea~i}~vd nk Qdk Icvnkwc u _eiid Ackq}e"}~aek+ Qnhk @~}aèkqck) nk 40>0) id dm~dkd mn Vcqdvecvnheq}v id np|cv}daek mn ~k beiik u bnmec mn qdkmdq|dvd icq bnvadmcq mn F~nkcq Devnq u Bck}nemnc+ \cvnqn nk}ckanq qn in dacvm d id b~keae|diemdm qdkicvnkae"kd ~kd |dv}n mn idq vnk}dq mn ack}vef~aek mevna}d |dvdni bngcvdbenk}c mn id qdi~fvemdm |fiead u &cvkd}c mn id|cfidaek&+Ni 44 mn dfvei mn 40?8 mck Keaciq Qc}cbducv covn"ad di hcfenvkc &|dvd ni |vchvnqc mn nq}n `nvbcqc |~n"fic& mniekndv d q~ acq}d id hvdk adiin t~n ~kenvd ni |~nk"}n I~m~nd ack idq dq mni o+ a+ ack ~k dka`c mn >< d"vdq+ Ni covnaebenk}c in o~n dan|}dmc+

Id iched bdqkead &Dbehcq mn icq K~ovdhcq& Dbenmnq Kd~ovdhnq%) ack qnmn nk F~nkcq Devnq) in qcbn}e dihcfenvkc id ekeaed}ed mn }vdkqocvbdv ni acknk}c nk ac"inhec dhvacid) dhvnhdkmc ack}dv ack id c|ekek odcvdfinmn icq &ei~q}vnq ae~mdmdkcq& _inw Qdvoenim) Vct~n \vnwu B+ H~}evvnw+ Nk}vn }dk}c idq d~}cvemdmnq |vcekaedinq


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@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC [4

}nkdk t~n mckdv 6+4 ekqave|}cq: nqnbeqbc dc Keadqec Cvcc avn ~kd k~nd nqa~nid nk nifdvvec kcv}n+Ni 4< mn kcenbfvn mni dc dk}nvecv ni dhvebnkqcvBdvanic Hvckmckd |vda}ea ~kd bek~aecqd bnmeaek nq"}dfinaenkmc icq mnvna`cq mn |vc|enmdm mn icq }nvvnkcq)q~q |cqnnmcvnq) |vc|en}dvecq c qeb|inq ca~|dk}nq+ Qn }vd}dmn ~kd idfcv np`d~q}ed mnfemc d id |vnadvenmdm mn aenv"}cq }}~icq) id dk}ehnmdm mn idq ca~|daecknq u id acb|in"gemdm mn idq q~anqedq }vdqidaecknq mn mcbekec+

Ni 4? mn onfvnvc mn 400? ni naekc mn Vcqdvec mckBdvaniekc Adb|dkniid in |vc|~qc di hcfenvkc ni nq}dfin"aebenk}c mn ~kd meiehnkaed mnqmn nqd ae~mdm `dq}d QdkIcvnkwc) id t~n qdimvd medvedbnk}n d idq 8 mn id bddkd)vnhvnqdkmc d idq 1 mn id }dvmn) dhvnhdkmc ~k edgn qnbd"kdi `dq}d Acvckmd) acb|vcbn}ekmcqn d iindv hvd}~e}d"bnk}n id acvvnq|ckmnkaed coeaedi+ Id meiehnkaed ackq}dvdmn 0 dqenk}cq u 6 nk ni |nqadk}n: admd |dqdgnvc |dhdvde |nqc o~nv}n `dq}d Qdk Icvnkwc u > `dq}d Acvckmd) |~"


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16 BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

menkmc iindv 6> iefvdq mn nt~e|dgn+ Id |vc|~nq}d o~ndan|}dmd |cv ni hcfenvkc) dacvmkmcin di nb|vnqdvec ~kdq~fnkaek mn >< |nqcq bnkq~dinq+Id |cfvnwd mn id |cfidaek qn |d}nk}ewd nk ni `na`cmn t~n ni acvvdi mn dfdq}c d|nkdq |vcm~a(d ~k |vcbnmecmn =< |nqcq bnkq~dinq+Ni 4< mn bduc mn 40>? ni gnon |ci(}eac mn Vcqdvec) mckMcbekhc \didaecq nindfd di hcfenvkc ~k ekocvbn danvadmn id acka~vvnkaed nqacidv+ O~kaeckdfdk nk mea`d ae~mdm6 nqa~nidq b~keae|dinq u 40 |dv}ea~idvnq) ack ~k }c}di mn=?< di~bkcq: nk Qdk Icvnkwc 6 oeqadinq u 6 |dv}ea~idvnq)ack 4>


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@EQ]CVED MN QDK ICVNKWC [>

AD\E]^IC _EACIDFCVDAEK MNI _NAEKMDVEC NK ID VN\C"FIDAEK MN H^DVMED MN ID NQT^EKD+ AVNAE"BENK]C MNBCHVOEAC+ ICQ EKMECQ+ ID H^NVVDAE_EI+ \VEKAE\EC MNI \VCHVNQC DA]^DI

Vnq~i}d nbcaeckdk}n ni acb|vcfdv d }vdq mn nq}dekmdhdaek vn}vcq|na}ed id |vco~kmd qciemdvemdm t~n ek"a~idfd d icq |cfidmcvnq mn meq}dk}nq qna}cvnq mn id adb|d"d) Vn|e}enkmc ni ngnb|ic mn Vcqdvec) }dbfek Qdk Icvnk"wc ack}vef~u d id vn|cfidaek mn H~dvmed mn id Nqt~ekd+Kc cfq}dk}n q~ ekae|enk}n mnqdvvciic nq}~c meq}dk}n mnbcq}vdvqn vnbeqc+ Ni 6? mn onfvnvc mn 40?? ni acbdkmdk}nG~dk mn Mecq Vcmvehnw vnbe}e di hcfenvkc ~kd kbekdmn icq naekcq mckdk}nq u id vnidaek u ni bck}c q~qave}cnk odcv mni k~nc |~nfic+ Ni q~fqemec nvd bcmnq}qebcu nk niic oekad q~ qehkeoeadaek+ Nk}vn aekac acbnvaedk}nqvn~kenvck 445 |nqcq u ~k hv~|c mn acickcq d|cv} => dke"bdinq da~kcq+++ Kc nq nq}c) nk nvmdm) ackbcnmcv3

Ni acknk}c mn Qdk Advicq }db|cac qn bcq}v vn"k~nk}n+ Id |vebnvd nqa~nid mn dvcknq t~n o~kaeck nkQdk Gcq mn id Nqt~ekd o~n o~kmdmd |cv id cvmnk ovdk"aeqadkd+ Dk |~nmn cfqnvdvqn nk ni da}~di acinhec mnK+ Q+ mn icq Dkhninq ni v~ekcqc qdik nk mckmn ovdu Bdv"anic _nkdkwn}}e dmca}vekdfd u diodfn}ewdfd+ ^feadmc nk id|dv}n q~|nvecv mn ~kd mn idq q~dnq icbdmdq qcfvn idqt~n qn dqnk} id k~nd |cfidaek) }nkd dfenv}d `daed idqcinmdm mn id |db|d ~kd |nt~nd nk}dkd qek fd}enk}nq)d id di}~vd mn ~kd |nvqckd nk |en) ic t~n |nvbe}d di df"knhdmc vniehecqc c}ndv nk}vn idq ekaenv}dq }cidknvdq ingd"kdq ni qekenq}vc |vndk~kaec mni bdik+ U `dq}d qn ackqnv"d nk dt~ni |~nfic id ackqngd mn t~n id |nt~nd adb|d"


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1> BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

kd t~n d medvec bceiewdfd icq hv~|cq mn vd|danq o~n idbeqbd t~n |vcvv~b|e nk didvemcq mn fvckan |vc|dhdkmc`dq}d meq}dk}nq ingdkdq ni gfeic t~n qeh~e di acbfd}n mnQdk Icvnkwc+Nk dhcq}c mn 40??) nq}eb~idmc |cv ni d|cuc h~fnvkd"}ec) Adb|dkniid np}nkme ni qnveaec mn bnkqdgnvd `dq"}d id ae~mdm mn Qdk}d On+ Id hdinvd vndiewdfd ~k edgnadmd g~nnq) |dv}enkmc mnqmn Vcqdvec d id qdiemd mni qciu vnhvnqdkmc ni qfdmc qeh~enk}n d idq 4< mn id bddkd+Id h~nvvd mni \dvdh~du |dvdiew ni avnaebenk}c mnidk}eh~c |~nfic a~uc acbnvaec qn }cvkdfd |cac d |cacq~fqemedvec mni }voeac vcqdvekc+ Id nqadqnw mca~bnk}di mnnqd |cad mngd id |nvq~daek mn ~k nq}dkadbenk}c adqe df"qci~}c+ Idq cfvdq mn nmeoeadaek t~nmdvck |dvdiewdmdq+ Nk40?? ni naekc _eank}n Qeid qn mevehd di hcfnvkdmcv qcie"ae}kmcin id ek}nhvdaek mn id g~k}d b~keae|di) daodid mnq"mn `dad mcq dcq+ Ni ankqc mn 40?5 vnheq}vdfd icq md}cqqeh~enk}nq7 4== adqdq mn dwc}nd) 1 mn bdmnvd u =61 mn |d"gd: }c}di) >8< eenkmdq+ Id |cfidaek nvd mn ?56 b~gnvnqu ?8> dvcknq+Mnqmn a~d}vc dcq d}vq ni gnon mn |ciead mn Vcqdvecekocvbdfd danvad mni meqicadbenk}c acbnvaedi) ic t~n d}ve"f~d di mnqdienk}c bc}edmc |cv idq vne}nvdmdq ekdqecknqmn ekmecq+ &Kc `du qnh~vemdm np|vnqdfd t~n idq bnv"admnvdq c ad|e}dinq t~n qn mnq|da`dk c enknk mni ek}n"vecv iinh~nk d mnq}ekc c qndk vcfdmcq |cv icq ekmecq&+ Acek"aemenkmc ack id ekocvbdaek }vdkqave|}d) ni acbdkmdk}nmn H~dvmed mn id Nqt~ekd mnaidvdfd ni 66 mn kcenbfvnmni beqbc dc t~n qic meq|ckd mn ~kd o~nvwd mn ?< `cb"fvnq) qek nq}~dvec ke adqd mckmn eev) ack id vdaek b~unqadqd u ni dvbdbnk}c nqadqc n ek~}eiewdfin) dmnbq mn}nknv icq q~nimcq eb|dhcq mnqmn g~kec&+ Nk Qdk Icvnkwcqic `dfd ?< h~dvmedq kdaeckdinq) di bdkmc mni }nkenk}nacvckni khni Adfdiinvc+ Nvd }dk nqadqd id |nvan|aek mnvnk}dq b~keae|dinq t~n ni hcfenvkc qn ec nk ni mnfnv mnvnek}nhvdv ~kd |dv}n mn id vnad~mdaek |cv ack}vef~aekmevna}d |dvd bngcvdbenk}c mn id qdi~fvemdm u cvkd}c mnid |cfidaek+

Ni 61 mn dfvei mn 40?8 ~kd ekdqek mn 0


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10 BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

|cfidaek nvd adia~idmd nk 6+


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=T BDVACQ \+ VE_DQ

bekeq}vc mn h~nvvd) ni fewdvvc hnknvdi Dv}~vc Ad|mneid)dacb|ddmc |cv ~kd vnindk}n u k~}vemd acbe}ed ek}n"hvdmd |cv inheqidmcvnq) gnonq u coeaedinq) dmnbq mn adie"oeadmdq |nvqckdiemdmnq mn id ad|e}di onmnvdi) qn }vdqidm dQdk Icvnkwc d fcvmc mn id adcknvd Bde|) iindkmc a~q"}cmedmd |cv o~nvwdq mni ngvae}c id hicvecqd fdkmnvd mniNgvae}c mn icq Dkmnq+ Ni nq|na}a~ic o~n d|c}n}eac+ ]c"md id |cfidaek) adia~idmd nk =+


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BDVACQ \VE_DQ [Gd~h~q}cq icq hvdkdmnvcq mn Qdk Bdv}k ekeaedvck q~ nq}~"|nkmd |dvfcid iefnv}dmcvd+ Nk idq dadk}eidmdq fdvvdkadqicq qcimdmcq hd~a`cq mn Bdkqeiid }dbfek i qcimdmcmni ngvae}c mn icq Dkmnq ca~i}cq nk}vn icq qcadcknq uicq nq|ekeiicq in mnbcq}vdvck d idq nqa~dmvdq aciehdmdq mnOvdkaed n Ekhid}nvvd t~n dk t~nmdfdk nk icq |dhcq mnDbvead &d~}a}ckd u qdidgn& dih~kcq &ada`cvvcq q~ni"}cq mni ink nq|dci&+ Q~q }envvdq ~fvvebdq qn nb|dn"qdvck mn }vehdinq a~dkmc a`dadvnvcq aveciicq u hvekhcq qnnb|ekdvck qcfvn id qeb|in hncbn}vd mn icq q~vacq+ U nkid `cvd da}~di) ack q~q adqckdq qd`~bdmdq mn vna~nvmcq)q~ |ekc nknvdmc |cv mcq hnknvdaecknq) id |}ekd ei~q}vnmn q~q aid~q}vcq) q~q a`ebnkndq nb|nkda`dmdq mn `~bc)ni ehcvcqc vnqc|iemc mn icq bc}cvnq) ni }vkqe}c onfvei mnq~q adiwdmdq) ni act~n}k nq|inkmcv mn q~q nqad|dvd}nq uid qdkd dinhvd mn q~q hnk}nq da}edq u c|}ebeq}dq) qn me"vd t~n Qdk Icvnkwc nq id |vnqnkaed nbcaeckdmd mni |d"qdmc nhvnhec u nqacvwc mn id |vnqnk}n |c}nkaediemdm dv"hnk}ekd+


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Y


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O^NK]NQ MCA^BNK]DINQDVA@E_C @EQ]VEAC MN ID \VC_EKAED) inhdgcq mn icq dcq404? d 408>+ADFEIMC MN QDK]D ON) da}dq acvvnq|ckmenk}nq d icq dcq

4??> d 48>


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&[eIDd }#5'^+k + o b"b b;" &["+"++"&&_(ev("&"([[ & '


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\INDQN MC KC] VNBC_NADVMQ CV QIE\Q OVCB+]@EQ \CAJN]^KE_NVQE]U CO ]CVCK]C IEFVDVU

FVENOon


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rivas - historia de san lorenzo - 1910

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