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,AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NAGNUKGNIL ARATNA NAGNUBUH AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NILPISID NAD ,RAJALEB ISAVITOM

AWSISAHAM RAJALEB ISATSERP NAGNED

: susaK idutS nakididneP idutS margorP ,9002 natakgna awsisahaM adaP,isnatnukA nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF

srevinU amrahD atanaS sati atrakaygoY

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nakididneP idutS margorP imonokE isnatnukA nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB

: helO

idnA oytsiluS silahksaP :MIN 0433170 71

IMONOKE NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

ISNATNUKA NAKIDIDNEP SUSUHK NAILHAEK GNADIB

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

NAS SATISREVINU AMRAHD ATA

ATRAKAYGOY

102 3

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

ALEB NAGNUKGNIL ARATNA NAGNUBUH ,AWSISAHAM RAJ ,RAJALEB ISAVITOM AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NILPISID NAD


: susaK idutS nakididneP idutS margorP ,9002 natakgna awsisahaM adaP,isnatnukA nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nakididneP idutS margorP imonokE isnatnukA nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB

: helO

idnA oytsiluS silahksaP :MIN 0433170 71

IMONOKE NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

ISNATNUKA NAKIDIDNEP SUSUHK NAILHAEK GNADIB

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 3


ii


iii


vi

nahabmesrep nad ottom

“ uakgnajret kat huaj ,itah malad id nauhategnep utaus nakapurem nanikayeK

tkub helo ’’i

“ t signanem kutnu nanaket ubires atik irebmem napudihek akiteK u atik nakujn

muynesret patet kutnu nasala atujes iaynupmem ’’

:kutnu nakhabmesrepuk ini ispirkS

adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT

airaM

takialaM ,silahksaP otnaS

gnarO aumeS nad ukgnudnileP

gruS id suduK a

kakaK nad autgnarO audeK -

atnicreT ukakak

K nad ukraseB agraule

araduaS - aumes ukaraduas

nameT - et gnay uknamet hal

namalagnep uknakirebmem

itrareb gnay


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem esid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial malad naktub

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

3102 iluJ 40 ,atrakaygoY siluneP

idnA oytsiluS silahksaP


iv

P NAATAYNREP RABMEL E NAUJUTESR

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN idnA oytsiluS silahksaP : awsisahaM romoN 710433170 :

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU : ludujreb gnay

,AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NAGNUKGNIL ARATNA NAGNUBUH

AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NILPISID NAD ,RAJALEB ISAVITOM

AWSISAHAM RAJALEB ISATSERP NAGNED amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD

nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah ,nial aidem kutneb malad aynalolegnem malad

id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb

irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretnI

les ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet ama

.silunep iagabes ayas

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

40 :laggnat adaP 3102 iluJ nakataynem gnaY



iiv

KARTSBA

,AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NAGNUKGNIL ARATNA NAGNUBUHRAJALEB ISAVITOM , AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NILPISID NAD


,imonokE nakididneP idutS margorP ,9002 natakgna awsisahaM adap susak idutS

ukA nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF ,isnatnatrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP


satisrevinU amrahD atanaS atrakaygoY

3102

nagnubuh tapadret hakapa iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitilenePsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil )1( :aratna )2( .awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned aw

rajaleb nilpisid )3( .awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitomawsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham

id nakanaskalid gnay susak iduts naitilenep halada ini naitilenep sineJnaS satisrevinU malad isalupoP .3102 iraurbeF nalub adap atrakaygoY amrahD ata

lepmas aratnemes ,isnatnukA nakididneP awsisaham hurules halada ini naitilenep halmujreb ini naitilenep 76 m awsisaha idutS margorP isnatnukA nakididneP

9002 natakgna gnem atad sisilana kinkeT . .adnagreb iserger nakanug nad fitsisop gnay nagnubuh ada )1( :awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nakifingis

awsisaham ( gnutih t ialin nad )50,0 = α < 720,0 = 966,1 lebat t > 062,2 , )2( ada nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitom aratna nakifingis nad fitisop gnay nagnubuh

awsisaham rajaleb isatserp ( t t > 024,2 gnutih t ialin nad )50,0 = α < 810,0 = leba966,1 aleb nilpisid aratna nakifingis nad fitisop gnay nagnubuh ada )3( , raj

( awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham t ialin nad )50,0 = α < 730,0 =nutih 966,1 lebat t > 921,2 rasebes g .


iiiv

TCARTSBA

EHT GNINRAEL TNEDUTS NEEWTEB PIHSNOITALER ,TNEMNORIVNE NOITAVITOM GNINRAEL , DNA TNEDUTS

GNINRAEL ENILPICSID DNA TNEDUTS GNINRAEL TNEMEVEIHCA

yduts esaC A no ytisrevinu tneduts s 9002 fo ,margorP ydutS cimonocE ,hctaB

noitacudE gnitnuoccA rapeD tnemt noitacudE dna gniniarT rehcaeT fo ytlucaF , , atrakaygoY ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS


amrahD atanaS ytisrevinU atrakaygoY

3102

)1( :neewteb pihsnoitaler a si ereht rehtehw enimreted ot smia yduts sihTnrael eht s fo tnemnorivne gni dna stnedut ts stneduts )2( .tnemeveihca tnedu

eht )3( .stneduts fo tnemeveihca gninrael eht dna noitavitom gninrael gninraeldna stneduts fo enilpicsid tnemeveihca tneduts

atanaS fo ytisrevinU eht ta detcudnoc yduts esac a si hcraeser sihTtrakaygoY amrahD lla erew yduts siht ni noitalupop ehT .3102 yraurbeF ni a

stneduts ccA fo noitacudE gnitnuo . T eh elpmas s erew fo stneduts 76 gnitnuoccAnoitacudE hctab 9002 T . elpitlum saw atad eht gnizylana fo euqinhcet eh

.noisserger wohs stluser ehT a si ereht )1( :taht nacifingis dna evitisop pihsnoitaler t

stneduts neewteb tnemnorivne gninrael dna = α< 720.0 = ρ( tnemeveihca tneduts dna )50.0 eulav t 062,2 > 1 elbat t , 966 a si ereht )2( , tnacifingis dna evitisop

rroc noitale noitavitom stneduts neewteb dna stneduts inrael = ρ( tnemeveihca gnt dna )50.0 = α< 810.0 2 eulav 024, 1 elbat t > , 966 dna evitisop a si ereht )3( ,

neewteb pihsnoitaler tnacifingis stneduts fo enilpicsid eht dna gninrael tneduts tnemeveihca detnuoma dna )50.0 = α< 730.0 = ρ( eulav t 1 elbat t > 921,2 , 66 9.


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

adapek naktajnap ayas rukuys ijuP nahuT asE ahaM gnaY tamhar alages sata ,

naatreynep nad - ini ispirkS .kiab nagned ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad ayas uM

em akgnar malad nususid iduts nakiaseleynem kutnu tarays utas halas ihunem

satlukaF ,laisoS nauhategneP umlI nasuruJ ,isnatnukA nakididneP anajras margorp

.atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK

ab naktabilem aynutnet ini ispirks nasilunep akgnar malaD iagabreb irad nautn

natapmesek adap uti anerak helO .kiab nagned nakiaselesret tapad aggnihes kahip

hisak amiret nad rukuys asar nakiapmaynem nigni silunep ,ini agrahreb gnilap gnay

:adapek aggnihret kat gnay

.1 nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.aynnagnibmib nad nahara nakirebmem aidesreb halet gnay atrakaygoY

.2 nauhatgneP umlI nasuruJ auteK ukales ,.iS.M ,.ES ,nawamraD ardnI kapaB

,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF , laisoS

.atrakaygoY

.3 iS.M ,.dP.S ,onotpaS suitneruaL kapaB ,. nakididneP idutS margorP auteK ukales

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA


x

.4 halet gnay gnibmibmeP nesoD ukaleS ,.iS.M ,E.S omonruP gnabmaB .srD kapaB

apureb nakusam atres nagnibmib nakirebmem malad utkaw nakgnaulem kaynab

.ini ispirks naanrupmesek imed naras nad nakitirk

.5 iS,M ,.dP.S ,itnawruP ynE atiR ubI kapaB nad . suitneruaL .iS,M ,.dP.S ,onotpaS

nakirebid halet gnay kitirk nad naras sata hisakamireT .ijugnep nesod ukaleS

.kiab hibel idajnem ini ispirks nasilunep aggnihes

.6 isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP tairaterkes nawayrak nad nesod huruleS

agnukud nakirebmem halet gnay nakiaseleynem silunep amales nautnab nad n

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id iduts

.7 kapaB ,ukaut gnaro audeK P.W temalS .R , gnay hisraluS ahtagA ubI nad halet

,nataukek ,nagnibmib ,naitahrep ,nagnukud ,naayacrepek nakirebmem ,ihisagnem

d nad atnic .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnih ,aynutser ao

.8 gnay troppus sata hisak amiret ,notoT sam nad tidiD sam ukkakak audeK

.nakirebid

.9 edkap ,naedoG irad nupuam netalK irad kiab ,ukraseb agrauleK - edub nad edkap -

orod nakirebmem ulales gnay edub .iduts nakiaseleynem kutnu isavitom nad nagn

.01 isnatnukA nakididneP awsisaham huruleS 9002 nuhat natakgna halet gnay

ispirks nasilunep malad nednopser idajnem ktunu utkaw nakgnaulem aidesreb

.ini

.11 namet huruleS - 7002 natakgnA isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP uknamet

alages atres nailak nagnorod nad ,nagnukud ,tagnames sata hisak amiret


ix

namet naitahrep ,nailak naamasrebek ,utkaw ,isamrofni - silunep aggnihes namet

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad

.21 silunep adapek nagnukud nakirebmem nad utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumeS

.utasrep utas tubesid tapad kadit gnay

huaj hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem silunep ,itah nahadnerek nagneD

kitirk ,naras iagabreb uti anerak helo ,anrupmes irad , tagnas nakkusam nad

ispirks agomes parahreb silunep ,atak rihkA .ini ispirks nakiabrep imed nakparahid

.aynnakulremem gnay kahip aumes igab taafnamreb ini

,atrakaygoY iluJ 102 3

siluneP

lahksaP idnA oytsiluS si


iix

ISI RATFAD namalaH

DUJ NAMALAH UL ................................ ................................ ............................. i

AH GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMAL ................................ .................. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .............. iii

NAMALAH NAD OTTOM NAHABMESREP ................................ .................. vi

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ .............................. v

AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

U HAIMLI SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTN ................................ ............. iv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... iiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... iiv i

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .......................... ix

SI RATFAD I ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... x ii

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ xv

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ......................... x iiv

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ............................. 1

.B halasaM nasataB ................................ ................................ ......... 5

.C halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ...... 5

.D naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ....... 6

.E naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ ..... 6

II BAB AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

.A awsisahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL ................................ ................. 7

.B isavitoM rajaleB awsisahaM ................................ ...................... 01


iiix

.C nilpisiD awsisahaM rajaleB ................................ ....................... 31

.D isatserP awsisahaM rajaleB ................................ ........................ 41

.E rikipreB akgnareK ................................ ................................ ...... 51

.F naitileneP sisetopiH ................................ ................................ .... 71

III BAB NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ........... 91

.B utkaW nad tapmeT naitileneP ................................ .................... 91

.C naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS ................................ ...................... 91

.D lepmaS nad isalupoP ................................ ................................ .. 02

.E naitileneP amgidaraP ................................ ................................ . 12

.F ileneP lebairaV nait ................................ ................................ .... 22

.G ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ ......................... 22

.H P naijugne leneP nemurtsnI i nait ................................ .................. 52

.I ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ .. 03

VI BAB NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP MUMU NARABMAG

ISNATNUKA

.A takgniS harajeS amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .............................. 73

.B naujuT nad isiM ,isiV ................................ ................................ . 14

.C isasinagrO rutkurtS ................................ ................................ .... 43

.D nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF harajeS ...................... 64

.E satlukaF isiM nad isiV dneP umlI nad naurugeK nakidi ............ 84

.F rgorP harajeS isnatnukA nakididneP idutS ma ........................... 94

.G rgorP ispirkseD isnatnukA nakididneP idutS ma ........................ 50

.H rgorP narasaS nad isiM ,isiV isnatnukA nakididneP idutS ma ... 51

.I aisunaM ayaD rebmuS ................................ ............................... 53

.J anarasarP nad anaraS ................................ ................................ .. 54

.K naawsisahameK ................................ ................................ .......... 54


vix

V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD ASILANA

.A ataD ispirkseD ................................ ................................ ............ 75

.1 rajaleB nagnukgniL ................................ .......................... 75

.2 isavitoM rajaleB ................................ ................................ 95

.3 nilpisiD rajaleB ................................ ................................ . 06

.4 rajaleB isatserP ................................ ................................ . 16

.B sisilanA ataD ................................ ................................ .............. 36

.1 sisilanA nataraysreP naijugneP ................................ ......... 36

.2 adnagreB reiniL isergeR lisaH ................................ ......... 66

.3 adnagreB reiniL isergeR naamasreP ................................ 76

.4 t ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ ......... 76

.5 natlumiS ijU uata F ijU lisaH ................................ ........... 07

.6 isanimreteD neisifeoK ................................ ...................... 27

.C nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ................ 73

IV BAB NAD NAITILENEP NASATABRETEK ,NALUPMISEK

NARAS

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................ 67

.B naitileneP nasatabreteK ................................ .............................. 77

.C naraS ................................ ................................ ........................... 87

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .......................... 80

NARIPMAL


vx

LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

.1 1.3 lebaT lebairaV lanoisarepO awsisahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL ... 32

.2 2.3 lebaT lebairaV lanoisarepO pisiD nad rajaleB isavitoM nil

rajaleB wsisahaM a ................................ ......................... 42

.3 3.3 lebaT narukugneP alakS ................................ ........................... 52

.4 4.3 lebaT lisaH ijU tidilaV lebairaV sa nagnukgniL rajaleB ........... 62

.5 5.3 lebaT lisaH ijU lebairaV satidilaV isavitoM rajaleB ............... 72

.6 6.3 lebaT lisaH ijU lebairaV satidilaV nilpisiD rajaleB ................. 82

.7 .3 lebaT 7 satilibaileR ijU lisaH ................................ ...................... 03

.8 1.5 lebaT lepmaS nagnutihreP naicnireP ................................ ........ 65

.9 5 lebaT 2. isneukerF isubirtsiD nagnukgniL rajaleB ........................ 85

.01 3.5 lebaT isavitoM isneukerF isubirtsiD rajaleB ............................. 95

.11 5 lebaT 4. isneukerF isubirtsiD nilpisiD rajaleB .............................. 16

.21 5.5 lebaT rajaleB isatserP gnatneR ................................ ................. 26

.31 6.5 lebaT isneukerF isubirtsiD isatserP rajaleB ............................. 26

.41 .5 lebaT 7 satilamroN ijU lisaH ................................ ....................... 46

.51 .5 lebaT 8 rajaleB nagnukgniL satireiniL ijU lisaH ........................ 56

.61 .5 lebaT 9 rajaleB isavitoM satireiniL ijU lisaH ............................. 56

.71 .5 lebaT 01 rajaleB nilpisiD satireiniL ijU lisaH ............................... 66

.81 .5 lebaT 11 adnagreB reiniL isergeR lisaH ................................ ...... 76


ivx

.91 .5 lebaT 21 t ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ ...... 86

.02 .5 lebaT 31 F ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ ..... 17

.12 .5 lebaT 41 isifeoK isanimreteD ne ................................ ................... 27


iivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

namalaH

.A NARIPMAL :I renoiseuK naitileneP ................................ ................... 18

.B 2 NARIPMAL : ugneP kutnu ataD ij na satilibaileR nad satidilaV ........ 78

.C 3 NARIPMAL : ugneP ij na satilibaileR nad satidilaV .......................... 39

.D 4 NARIPMAL : ataD isalubaT naitileneP ................................ ............ 1 00

.E 5 NARIPMAL : satilamroN naijugneP satireiniL nad .......................... 1 80

.F 6 NARIPMAL : adnagreB reiniL isergeR ijU ................................ ...... 1 31

.G NARIPMAL 7 T ,R lebaT : F , ................................ ............................. 611

.H naitileneP nijI taruS :8 NARIPMAL ................................ ................... 21 3


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

A . halasaM gnakaleB rataL

id kiab ,iggnit naurugrep id rajaleb gnay gnaro halada awsisahaM

id dirum iagabes ratfadret gnay akereM .imedaka uata tutitsni ,satisrevinu

adap ipateT .awsisaham iagabes tubesid tapad iggnit naurugrep aynrasad

tfadreT .uti tipmeses kadit awsisaham ankam haubes id awsisaham iagabes ra

p naurugre t ipatet ,awsisaham idajnem fitartsinimda tarays halaynah iggni

radekes irad saul hibel gnay naitregnep gnudnagnem awsisaham idajnem

idnes uti fitartsinimda halasam .ir

beS l macam iagabreb awsisaham iaga a leb aguj ada ,gnadnasid

:aynlasim ,awsisaham irid adap takelem gnay lebal macam aparebeb

.1 egnahC fO tceriD , kukalem asib awsisaham anerak gnusgnal nahaburep na mala ayad rebmus y ayn na kaynab g .

.2 egnahC fO tnegA , rep tnega awsisaham u ,nahab nduskam s ay ayad rebmu mala nahaburep nakukalem kutnu .

.3 kcotS norI , ad rebmus uti awsisaham irad aisunam ay kadit hanrep naka.sibah

.4 ecroF laroM , y gnaro nalupmuk uti awsisaham na y larom ikilimem g na g.kiab

.5 lortnoC laicoS , wsisaham ,laisos napudihek lortnognep uti a co hotny laisos napudihek lortnognem na .takaraysam nakukalid g

gnay isgnuf nad narep 3 ada aynkadites ,raseb sirag araces numaN

utiay ,awisaham igab gnitnep tagnas tukireb iagabes :

.1 ,larom nanareP ud nakapurem supmak ainud ain awsisaham paites anam id m sabeb nagned akerem gnay napudihek hilime naknigni tutnutid halinisiD .

gnisam irid padahret larom bawaj gnuggnat utaus - idni iagabes gnisam iv ud iauses nad bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay napudihek naknalajnem tapad kutnu

ay larom nagned .takaraysam malad pudih gn


2

.2 P ,laisos nanare s udividni bawaj gnuggnat niale ikilimem aguj awsisaham kadit aynnataubrep alages nad naadarebek awhab utiay ,laisos nanarep awabmem surah aguj ipatet iridnes aynirid kutnu taafnamreb aynah

nagnukgnil igab taafnam .aynratikes .3 lautkeletni nanareP , m tubesid gnay gnaro iagabes awsisaha - iagabes tubes

hanar malad tubesret sutats nakdujuwem tapad halsurah keletni nasni rasad isgnuf awhab luteb iradaynem itra malaD .atayn napudihek

nep umli nagned tulegreb halada awsisaham nakirebmem nad nauhateg amales ikilim ai gnay satilautkeletni nagned kiab hibel gnay nahaburep

nakididnep inalajnem . ( isinifed/60/2102/moc.topsgolb.racnumap//:ptth - narep - nad - isgnuf -

lmth.awsisaham )

kutnU d lamiskam gnay rajaleb isatserp utaus hupmenem hiarem mala

ialin - nakukalem awsisaham tutnunem satisrevinU .kimedaka isatserp ialin

malad naklasim ,amasreb itakapes id halet gnay narajalebmep sesorp

sesorp malad fitkefe nupuam kirotomokisp ,fitkefa nataigek nakanaskalem

gnaro ,awsis aumeS .narajalebmep rajagnep iagabes urug nad aut

rajaleb isatserp anerak ,iggnit gnay rajaleb isatserp ayniapacret naknignignem

.rajaleb sesorp nalisahrebek rotakidni utas halas nakapurem iggnit gnay

gnay rajaleb isatserp naktapadnem awsis aumes kadit aynnaataynek numaN

gnit .hadner gnay rajaleb isatserp naktapadnem gnay awsis tapadret nad ig

ihuragnepid awsis helorepid gnay rajaleb isatserp aynhadner nad iggniT

.rotkaf kaynab

gnukudid surah kiab gnay narajalebmep isatserp utaus malad iD

kamem kutnu kiab gnay nagnukgnil nagned rajaleb tapad awsisaham naklamis

gned .gnanet nad namayn na M to i irid malad irad tauk gnay rajaleb isav

narajalebmep sesorp maladid nilpisid surah awsisaham nad ,awsisaham .

utiay nagnukgnil agit idajnem igabret awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgniL


3

graulek nagnukgnil supmak ,a , rajaleb nagnukgniL .takaraysam nad

isatserp hiarem malad tagnames naktakgninem tapad nakparahid awsisaham

kutnu isavitomret gnaroeses taubmem tapad agraulek nagnukgniL .rajaleb

D .gnaroeses irid nagned taked gnilap gnay nagnukgnil anerak rajaleb mala

tapad aguj nad iamad nad gnanet asarem naka gnaroeses agraulek nagnukgnil

kadit idajnem gnaroeses taubmem tapad aguj ipatet nijar gnaroeses taubmem

aut gnaro kahip irad aynhotnoC .rajaleb isatserp hiarem malad tagnamesreb

naitahrep uata fitka gnaruk gnaro ,rajaleb isawagnem malad aynkana nagned

asawed hadus aynkana awhab napaggnareb aut , rajaleb asib hadus nad

.iridnes

uti aratnemeS f gnaroes rajaleb natilusek anemone awsisaham aynasaib

ajaleb isatserp uata kimedaka ajrenik aynnurunem irad salej kapmat .aynr

nanialek aynlucnum nagned nakitkubid tapad aguj rajaleb natilusek ,numaN

kairetreb naakusek itrepes awsis ukalirep - ,salek malad id kairet ,ihalekreb

kusam kadit gnires supmak , nad igrep irad salek gnaur sesorp taas adap

.narajalebmep

naikimeD nagnukgnil ,takaraysam nad supmak nagnukgnil alup

isavitomret kadit gnaroeses taubmem tapad aguj takaraysam nad supmak

sagut nad hailuk atam kaynab aynhotnoC .rajaleb malad - raulid muleb ,sagut

nataigek kaynab hisam supmak - em asib uti aynaumes gnay nataigek taubm

awsisaham kaynab aynrihka gnay serts ,imahamem gnaruk ,rajaleb gnaruk

nad kiab gnay supmak nagnukgnil halada aynnial hotnoC .nijar gnaruk nad

nesod arac ipatet naka kiab tagnas aynsatilauk gnay rajagnep arap


4

dap narajalep nakiapmaynem nad nakirebmem imahapid gnaruk awsisaham a

narajalep iretam pakgnanem gnaruk awsisaham nad awsisaham arap helo

.nesod helo naksalejid gnay

tagnas naka awsis rajaleb isavitom aynhadner uata iggniT

.aynrajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgniL

arahid ukgniL .rajaleb isavitom naktakgninem tapad nakp laggnit tapmet nagn

sok itrepes utnu isavitomret gnaroeses taubmem tapad malaD .rajaleb k

sok nagnukgnil - sok tubesret tapmet anerak gnanet asarem naka gnaroeses na

halada soK .hamur niales audek tapmet - sok ad na nijar gnaroeses taubmem tap

aynlasiM .salam idajnem gnaroeses taubmem tapad aguj ipatet , namet - namet

u aynnial namet gnorodnem naka rajaleb isavitom iaynupmem gnay kutn

alibapA .aguj rajaleb sok namet ,gnorkgnon ,malam raulek ,nalaj gnires

kubam - aw ,nakubam notnon uata VT tahilem kutnu ipat rajaleb kutnu maj utk

mlif , tom taubmem naka ayniagabes nad aggniheS .nurunem rajaleb isavi naka

tuki - .rajaleb kadit kutnu natuki

naka iggnit gnay nilpisid pakis ikilimem gnay awsisahaM

gnit gnay isatserp naklisahgnem gnay awsisaham halada aynhotnoC .alup ig

kadit ,utkaw tapet nad kiab nagned nesod irad sagut nakanaskalem gnires

nagneD .rajagnem rajaleb itukignem malad ridah ulales nad solobmem hanrep

d naka gnay lisah naklisahgnem naka nakukalid gnay nanilpisidek pakis iapaci

es id gnay ialin naktapadnem itrep ajaleb isatserp nad naknigni naka r

.takgninem J sagut nakajregnem kadit ,kusam kadit gnires gnay awsisaham aki

awsisaham nilpisid pakis taubmem naka ayniagabes nad lupmukid naka gnay


5

hadner idajnem .

krasadreB kutnu kiratret itilenep akam ,sata id gnakaleb ratal na

ludujreb gnay naitilenep nakadagnem nagnukgniL aratnA nagnubuH“

rajaleB isavitoM ,rajaleB , nagned awsisahaM rajaleB nilpisiD nad

.”awsisahaM rajaleB isatserP

.B halasaM nasataB

ratal nakrasadreB ini naitilenep ,sata id halasam gnakaleb

rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid

saham rajaleb isavitom ,awsi , isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid nad

.awsisaham rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kaynab ada aneraK

aham nagnukgnil adap naitahrep naksukofmem ini naitilenep akam ,awsis

rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb , .awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid nad

.C halasaM nasumuR

naksumurid akam ,sata id halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

iagabes nahalasamrep tukireb :

.1 agnubuh ada hakapA aratna n nagned awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil

?awsisaham rajaleb isatserp

.2 ratna nagnubuh ada hakapA nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitom a isatserp

?awsisaham rajaleb

.3 ratna nagnubuh ada hakapA nagned awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid a isatserp

?awsisaham rajaleb


6

.D ujuT naitileneP na

ut naksumurid akam ,sata id halasam nasumur nakrasadreB nauj

tukireb iagabes naitilenep :

.1 gnubuh ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnU nagned rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna na

.awsisaham rajaleb isatserp

.2 ubuh ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnU itom aratna nagn nagned rajaleb isav


.3 atna nagnubuh ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnU nagned rajaleb nilpisid ar


.E naitileneP taafnaM

.1 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

nay naitilenep ianegnem rutaretil nahabmat irebmem tapaD natiakreb g

nud nagned nataigek malad amaturet nakididnep ai atres ,rajaleb

.naakatsuprep id ada gnay naitilenep isnerefer halmuj habmanem

.2 itilenep igaB

itilenep gnorodnem tapaD - naitilenep nakukalem kutnu ayntujnales itilenep

kukalem nad nakididnep ianegnem kutnu naitilenep nagnabmegnep na

nep lisah helorepmem ,igal kiab hibel gnay naitile nasawaw habmanem

.nauhategnep nad namalagnep


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A akatsuP nauajniT

rajaleB nagnukgniL .1

rotkaF - gnay rajaleb sesorp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

ek nagnukgnil malad rajaleb isatserp padahret huragnepreb turunem agraul

hayitseoR ( 2891 : :tukireb iagabes halada )951

.a kididnem araC naka halokes kana haletes akam ,aynkana nakajnamem gnay aut gnarO ipadahgnem tukat nad bawaj gnuggnatreb gnaruk gnay awsis idajnem araces aynkana kididnem gnay aut gnaro aguJ .natilusek nagnatnat

.natukatek imalagnem naka kana ,sarek

.b agraulek anasauS H anasaus naklubminem mitni gnaruk gnay agraulek aratana nagnubu

,gnaget ,ukak gnay nad ini laH .agraulek malad id fitakinumok gnaruk malad uti kutnU .rajaleb malad tagnames gnaruk kana nakbabeynem

nakgnaneynem gnay agraulek gnayas hisak hunep nad ,barka , na ka.rajaleb lah malad kana adap maladnem gnay isavitomret naka

.c aut gnaro naitregneP

kana aliB .aut gnaro irad naitregnep nad nagnorod ulrep rajaleb kanAgut nagned uggnagid nagnaj rajaleb gnades sa - .hamur id sagut

gnadakreT tagnames hamel imalagnem kana irebmem bijaw aut gnaro , natilusek nikgnum tapades utnabmem ,aynnagnorod nad naitregnep aynurug ignubuhgnem ulrep ualaK .halokes id kana imalaid gnay

utnu k aynkana nagnabmekrep iuhategnem .

.d adaeK agraulek imonoke laisos na anaras nakulremem rajaleb kanA anarasarp nad kutnu gnajnunem

gnadak gnay rajaleb - imonoke naadaek aliB .laham aynagrah gnadak kana tabmahgnep idajnem ini lah naknikgnumem kadit gnay agraulek

oke laisos naadaek alib ,numaN .rajaleb malad agraulek imon ,ipukucret akam gnem naka kadit kana imala aladnek rajaleb malad

.gnanes nagned rajaleb tapad naka kana aggnihes


8

.e naayadubek gnakaleb rataL id naasaibek nad nakididnep takgnit halada nakduskamid ini laH helO .rajaleb malad kana pakis ihuragnepmem naka agraulek malad

lrep kana uti anerak naasaibek nakmanatid u - kiab gnay naasaibek.rajaleb malad kana tagnames gnorodnem tapad ayapus

rotkaF - salek id awsis rajaleb sesorp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

951:2891 ,hayitseoR( turunem - :tukireb iagabes halada )261

.a dirum nad urug iskaretnI naka huruleynem araces dirum nagned iskaretnireb gnaruk gnay uruG ini laH .racnal gnaruk salek id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nakbabeynem nakbabesid anerak aynurug nagned huaj asarem naka awsis aguj

a awsis aggnihes ,kiab gnaruk ayndirum nagned urug isakinumok nak.aynrajaleb malad fitka araces isapisitrapreb gnaruk

.b naijaynep araC

,ajas hamarec edotem nagned rajagnem aynasaib amal gnay uruG gnaruk ,fisap ,kitapmis gnaruk ,nasob imalagnem naka awsis aggnihes

tla ikilimem surah urug gnaroes uti kutnU .tagnames fitanre - fitanretla nad rajagnem rajaleb nataigek naktakgninem tapad gnay nial gnay :tukireb iagabes rajaleb tagnames ikilimem kutnu awsis isavitomem

abreb naksalejnem upmam urug ,salej araces isamrofni iag ,gnaret kutnu awsis gnorodnem omem ,isapisitrapreb gnirotin , ignatadnem

,awsis nad rajaleb sesorp malad fitka araces awsis naktabilem -.salek id rajagnem

.c dirum ratna nagnubuH

nataigek gnukudnem malad gnitnep tagnas dirum ratna nagnubuH gnay salek anasaus nakulrepid uti kutnU .salek id rajagnem rajaleb

s dirum aratna irad fisudnok amasreb rajaleb tapad ayapu tapad nadmaretnet ,gnanet gnay anasaus nakdujuwem , pudih tapad nad

gnotogreb - .salek raulid nupuam salek id amasreb rajaleb malad gnoyor

.d nakididnep aideM tala nakulremem tagnas awsiS - mem gnay tala racnalrepmem utnab

ukub itrepes halokes id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp - id ada gnay ukub( PHO ,muirotarobal ,naakatsuprep )rotcejorP daehrevO , nad

halokes nakaynabeK .ayniagabes - ikilimem gnaruk gnay halokesuk aguj halokes satilauk nakbabeynem nakididnep aidem gnar

.satilaukreb

.e mulukiruK anoisan nakididnep margorp halada saul itra malad mulukiruK ,l

balis ,halokes ajrek margorp su gnisam kutnu - ,iduts gnadib gnisamnarajagnep naanaskalep kujnutep , naitegneP .rajaleb isaulave nad

y satabret hibel gnay itra malad subalis nad halokes ajrek margorp utia


9

gnisam kutnu narajagnep - lekniW( iduts gnadib gnisam , 721:7891 -.)821

.f halokes utkaW

utkaw malad halokes id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nakanaskalem malaDmid ,irah igap adap ialumid aynkiabes rajaleb kutnu fitkefe gnay ana

kana uti nialeS .kiab hisam kana isidnok nad rages hisam kana narikip nad narikip nakhilumem tapad raga taharitsi kutnu maj irebid

.ilabmek aynaganet

.g nilpisid naanaskaleP y halokes kaynaB gnaruk hisam nilpisid naanaskalep malad gna

iklimem gnaruk halokeS .rajaleb malad kana ihuragnepmem aggnihes uti kutnU .halokesid ada gnay bitret atat padahret bawaj gnuggnat asar

narutarep naanaskalep isawagnem surah halokes kahip - narutarepd raga halokes gnay nilpisid asar ikilimem nad awsis arap helo itaati

.tauk

.h gnudeg naadaeK ihunemem surah gnudeg nanugnabmep malad halokes aynkiabeS

tarays - raga pukuc gnay salek saul itrepes kiab gnay halokes tarayssalek id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp malad gnay namayn .

.i rajaleb edoteM

nakiapmaynem malad salek id nakanugid gnay rajaleb edotem kaynaBapuS .awsis arap padahret narajalep iretam sesorp malad anegnem ay

rajaleb nad nagned hilipid ulrep narajalebmep edotem akam ,rajagnemnad tapet dotem aumes kadiT .isairavreb e kutnu tapet narajalebmep

isidnok ,utkaw aumes , i kutnU .gnadib nad rajaleb sesorp malad utrajaleb nad em gnaroeS .salek malad rajagn nesod tapad surah

ayapus fitairavreb nad tapet gnay rajaleb edotem nakanuggnemaham pad awsis ,naknasobmem kadit nad tagnames nagned rajaleb ta

rajaleb edoteM .salek id rajaleb sesorp malad fitka narepreb tapad edotem ,hamarec edotem :tukireb igabes halokes id iakapid mizal gnay ,susak iduts edotem ,kopmolek edotem ,isuksid edotem ,isartnomed

dotem naniamrep e , seivaD( ayniagabes nad , 332:7891 - .)742

.j hamur saguT nesoD akirebmem m adapek hamur id sagut n awsisaha aynnaujut

m raga halada awsisaha .hamur id iridnam rajaleb tapad

rotkaF - id awsis rajaleb sesorp ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

sam nagnukgnil :2891 ,hayitseoR( turunem takaray 951 - halada )261

:tukireb iagabes


01

.a aideM asaM ukub apureb naacab kaynaB - ,levon ,ukub nad gnaruk gnay halajam

nakbawajgnuggnatrepid nakididnep araces gnadakret kana taubmemgnanes b nakub ukub acabmem ggnihes narajalep uku kana a apul naka

gnabmekrep aynkaram nikames uti nialeS .aynrajaleb sagut na nikames gnay igolonket higgnac ,oidar ,isivelet itrepes nad tenretni

kana taubmem nakididnep ainud malad nakgnutnugnem gnaruk gnay.rajaleb malad gnarukreb

.b reb nameT niam

nagnukgnil id nial gnay kana nagned luagreb ulrep gnamem kanA malad ipatet aynisasilaisos nakgnabmegnem kutnu ratikes takaraysam

ep ayapus agaj id ulrep aynnaluagr aynnamet nagned naluagrep malad luagreb akerem apais nagned lortnognem nad isatabmem tapad

es .nial nataigek uggnaggnem kadit aggnih

.c nial nataigeK nataigek iaynupmem kana hamurid rajaleb gnipmasiD - raul id nataigek

namet amasreb lupmuk ,amard niamreb ,agar halo itrepes halokes -namet , nagnaj raga isatabid nad isawaid ulrep uti laH .ayniagabes nad

.rajaleb kutnu nabijawek nakapulem kana iapmas

.d nagnukgnil pudih araC uti kana anamid hamur ratikes id aggnatetreb pudih araC tapmetrebim ,kana nahubmutrep adap aynhuragnep raseb ,laggnit id aynlas

kana sitamoto araces akam rajaleb maj ikilimem ratikes nagnukgnil id uti nialeS .takaraysam rajaleb maj iauses rajaleb tapad naka tubesret kana akam rajaleb nijar kana gnukudnem tapad gnay nagnukgnil

dnes rajaleb kutnu naradasek ikilimem tubesret i .ir

.2 isavitoM rajaleB

iagabes nakitraid tapad gnay fitom atak irad lakgnapreb isavitoM

sativitka nakukalem kutnu gnaroeses malad id ada gnay kareggnep ayad -

aynitni adap numaN .naujut utaus ayniapacret imed utnetret sativitka

idnok nakapurem isavitom kutnu gnaroeses gnorodnem gnay sigolokisp is

nakatakid tapad isavitom ,rajaleb nataigek malaD .utauses nakukalem

gnay awsis irid malad id kareggnep ayad nahurulesek iagabes


11

nataigek hara nakirebmem nad nagnusgnalek nimajnem ,naklubminem

d aggnihes ,rajaleb ,rajaleb nataigek malaD .iapacret tapad naujut nakparahi

iaynupmem kadit gnay gnaroeses babes ,nakulrepid tagnas isavitom

.rajaleb sativitka nakukalem nikgnum naka kadit rajaleb malad isavitom

isavitom nad kisnirtni isavitom sata nakadebid tapad isavitoM

e malad irad lasareb gnay isavitom halada kisnirtni isavitoM .kisnirtsk

irad lasareb gnay isavitom halada kisnirtske isavitom nakgnades ,udividni

anerak idajret asib kisnirtni isavitoM .)39 : 6991 ,A .normI( udividni raul

dnes udividni irid malad irad hubmut .ujam nigni kutnu nagnorod anerak iri

kutnu iridnes rajaleb surah hailuk awsisaham gnaroes ajas aynlasiM

lasarab ini iridnes rajaleb kutnu isavitoM .sugab gnay ialin naktapadnem

isavitom ,kisnirtske isavitoM .nial gnaro nakub nad iridnes udividni irad

nay anerak ,sulul tapec kadit udividni aynlasim udividni raul irad lasareb g

tapadnem udividni ,takedret gnaro uata aut gnaro irad nagnorod tapadnem

.aynhailuk nakiaseleynem areges kutnu tagnames

rajagnep uata nesod gnaroes )99 : 6991( A ,normI turuneM

nkadneh rusnu nakitahrepmem ay - rajaleb gnaroeses isavitomem gnay rusnu

:tukireb iagabes utiay

.a atiC - rajalebmep isaripsa uata atic aticreb gnay gnaroeseS - hisam taas adap ,akisif ilha idajnem atic

.akisif narajalep atam irameggnem tagnas naka utnet halokes nupikseM atam gnaroeses ,tilus kusamret ini narajalep isavitomret naka

atam nagned nakgnidnabid tubesret akisif narajalep atam irajalepmem .nial gnay narajalep

nad awsisaham sutatsreb nalutebek gnay gnaroeses aynkilabeSaticreb halokes utkaw - em nigni atic udek ipatet ,urug idajn gnaro a nakparahgnem aynnaut .naretkodek nasuruj libmaggnem kutnu tapaD

nakitsapid ka kadit id rajaleb kutnu isavitomret na naretkodek nasurujatic nagned iauses kadit anerak - .aynatic


21

rajalebmep naupmameK .b ni rajalebmep naupmameK sesorp malad nakitahrepid halsurah i

nad aynnagnubuh tare rajalebmep naupmameK .narajalebmep rajaleb idajnem gnaroeseS .gnaroeses rajaleb isavitom ihuragnepmem nakhab gnay anerak helo utnetret gnadib padahret aynrajaleb isavitom hadner

hadner natukgnasreb .tubesret gnadibid aynnaupmamek

rajalebmep isidnoK .c nad aynkisif isidnok sata nakadebid tapad rajalebmep isidnoK malad kisif isidnok akij salej tahilem asib atiK .aynsigolokisp isidnok malaD .takgninem asib rajaleb isavitom aynmumu halel naadaek

sidnok asib kadit aguj aynmumu serts aynlasim ,uggnagret sigolokisp ilah padahret irid nakisartnesnokgnem - kadit aneraK .irajalepid gnay lah

isavitom aynup kadit nad nurunem rajaleb hariag akam ,isartnesnok.rajaleb malad

rajaleb nagnukgnil isidnoK .d

il isidnoK gnaroeses gnukudnem kadit gnay rajaleb nagnukgn ,gnisib ,iamar gnay nagnukgniL .rajaleb malad isavitom haburem naka gnaroeses gnukudnem kadit gnay nagnukgnil isidnok nakapurem rotok tagnas naka maretnet ,hisreb ,ipar gnay nagnukgnil nakgnades ,rajaleb

dnem .gnaroeses rajaleb sesorp gnuku

rusnU .e - narajalebemep rajaleb simanid rusnu rusnU - lah itupilem narajalebemep rajaleb simanid rusnu - lah

: tukireb iagabes )1 rajaleb malad awsis isavitomem ayapu nad isavitoM . )2 aynnaaideynep ayapu nad rajaleb nahaB . )3 aynnaaideynep ayapu nad rajaleb utnab talA . )4 aynnagnabmegnep ayapu nad rajaleb anasauS . )5 aynnahugenep nad napaiynep ayapu nad rajaleb keybus isidnoK .

rajalebmep nakrajalebmem malad urug ayapU .f

gnepid aguj rajalebmep nakrajalebmem malad urug ayapU ihura malad aynhariag iggnit gnay uruG .rajaleb isavitom padahret hariagreb aguj rajalebmep nakidajnem ,rajalebmep nakrajalebmem

huggnus gnay uruG .rajaleb - ,rajalebmep nakrajalebmem malad huggnus.rajalebmep rajaleb isavitom ayniggnit nakidajnem

naroeseS g malad id salej gnay naujut iaynupmem aynrasad adap

aratna tubesret iapacid gnay naujut aratnaid ,aynnapudihek ignuragnem

halada rajaleb lah malad isatserP .isatserpreb kutnu nanigniek halada nial

ep atam helo nakgnabmekid gnay nauhategnep naasaugnep ,narajal

nakirebid gnay akgna uata set ialin nagned nakujnutid ini lah aynmizal


31

0991 ,onoyluM( urug helo : lekniW S.W ,ini silunep nagned adaneS .)03

9891( : nalisahrebek takgnit iagabes rajaleb isatserp nakisinifednem )001

lep atam irajalepmem malad awsis nakataynid gnay halokes id naraja

iretam halmujes ianegnem ,set lisah irad helorepid gnay roks kutneb malad

1991( lekniW S.W aratnemeS .utnetret narajalep : awhab nakataynem ,)93

haletes awsis iapacid tapad gnay ahasu lisah halada rajaleb isatserp

akukalem nagned keybus iskaretni malad gnusgnalreb gnay rajaleb sesorp n

.naujamek ujunem nakanaskalid uata napmis id naka gnay aynnagnukgnil

rajaleb gnaroeses alibapA akam d .aynlisah helorepmem naka ai

nahaburep halada rajaleb lisaH awsisaham irid malad id anamid , tapad ai

adebreb gnay lisah iaynupmem - .iuhatekid halet gnay apa nad adeb

isatserp irad tahilid tapad rajaleb nataigek malad awsis nalisahrebeK

irad asib ,lah utaus padahret naialinep ahasu halada isaulavE .aynrajaleb

asagag ,iapacid nigni gnay naujut iges ,ajrek arac ,n nad nahacemep edotem

( 0991 ,anajduS : .)82

.3 rajaleB nilpisiD

seskusek hiarem asib kutnu gnaroeses ucamem nanilpisideK ,na

malad igalapa nakhutubid tagnas nanilpisidek awsisaham igab amaturet

.utkaw nemejanam nagned lanekid uata kiab nagned utkaw halognem

nakareggnep ,naisasinagrognep ,naanacnerep nakapurem nemejanaM , nad

k arac naD .utkaw satifitkudorp padahret nasawagnep ti malad a

naruta utaus kutnebmem - nakutnetid hadus gnay naruta ini lah malad nad

nad fitkefE .aynnakanaskalem malad nahutapek nad nataatek nakhutubid


41

gnutnagret awisaham helo nakanaskalid gnay nanilpisidek aynneisefe

tapad awsisaham ,utkaw nemejanam adapek nanilpisidek nakukalem

ab gnay narutagnep nagned uata uggnunem nagnaj ,arac nagned ki

halisartnesnokreb ,ayntujnales kutnu nad gnarakes ,nakukal nad adnunem

nagnaj ,naajrekep nakukalem malad ret urub - hasegret uata urub - ,haseg

opser ,ratupreb suret naka utkaw surah gnay apa tapec nagned haln

iraD .amal uggnunem nagnaj nad nakajrek tapec ,gnarakes nakukalid

.aynnaknalajnem malad nanuketek nakulrepid ini aumes

halada awsisaham nakayabek helo nakukalid gnay nanilpisideK

b malad utiay utkaw halognem malad aynarac nakhab niamreb ,rajale

ajrekeb , nakanaskalem malad upmam kadit awsisaham gnaroeses nad

nakiabaid gnadakret uti nanilpisideK .supmak id ada gnay nanilpisidek

surah utkaw nemejanam nupanamiagab ,awsisaham nakaynabek helo

wsisaham adapek inid hibel nakparetid nad isamrofni aynada nagned a

gnay kahip nad satisrevinu irad gnukudnem gnay isakinumok

.natukgnasreb

.4 isatserP rajaleB

naroeseS g malad id salej gnay naujut iaynupmem aynrasad adap

uragnem aratna tubesret iapacid gnay naujut aratnaid ,aynnapudihek ign

halada rajaleb lah malad isatserP .isatserpreb kutnu nanigniek halada nial

,narajalep atam helo nakgnabmekid gnay nauhategnep naasaugnep

akgna uata set ialin nagned nakujnutid ini lah aynmizal nakirebid gnay

lekniW S.W ,ini silunep nagned adaneS .)03:0991 ,onoyluM( urug helo


51

nalisahrebek takgnit iagabes rajaleb isatserp nakisinifednem )001:9891(

nakataynid gnay halokes id narajalep atam irajalepmem malad awsis

ad helorepid gnay roks kutneb malad iretam halmujes ianegnem ,set lisah ir

awhab nakataynem ,)93:1991( lekniW S.W aratnemeS .utnetret narajalep

haletes awsis iapacid tapad gnay ahasu lisah halada rajaleb isatserp

nagned keybus iskaretni malad gnusgnalreb gnay rajaleb sesorp nakukalem

nukgnil .naujamek ujunem nakanaskalid uata napmis id naka gnay aynnag

rajaleb gnaroeses alibapA akam d .aynlisah helorepmem naka ai

tapad ai anamid ,rajalep is irid malad id nahaburep halada rajaleb lisaH

adebreb gnay lisah iaynupmem - hatekid halet gnay apa nad adeb .iu

isatserp irad tahilid tapad rajaleb nataigek malad awsis nalisahrebeK

irad asib ,lah utaus padahret naialinep ahasu halada isaulavE .aynrajaleb

,ajrek arac ,nasagag ,iapacid nigni gnay naujut iges nad nahacemep edotem

.)82:0991 ,anajduS anaN(

.B nareK rikipreb akg

rajaleB nagnukgniL nagnubuH .1 nagned awsisahaM rajaleB isatserP

rajaleb nagnukgniL awsis rajaleb utnabmem tagnas naka kiab gnay

huragnep aynada nagneD .rajaleb isatserp ihuragnepmem naka aggnihes

nagnukgnil rajaleb kiab nikames gnay isatserp helo itukiid naka kiab gnay

.alup L ratikesid adareb gnay naadaek halada rajaleb nagnukgni udividni

kiab gnil agraulek nagnuk nagnukgnil nupuam supmak nagnukgnil ,

.takaraysam if non nad kisif nagnukgnil itupilem rajaleb nagnukgniL .kis

uata takaraysam id ,supmak id kiab rajaleb nagnukgniL agraulek id nup


61

malad awsisaham isavitomem tapad nakparahid tagnas isatserp lah .rajaleb

ay agraulek anasauS nad kiab kadit gn kadit gnay laggnit tapmet

taubmem gnay kisif nagnukgnil halada gnukudnem am kadit awsisah

tagnames iaynupmem kutnu rajaleb isatserp hiarem . supmak nagnukgniL

supmak anerak ini lah ,rajaleb kutnu namayn gnay tapmet idajnem naka

namayn asarem naka awsisaham gnaroeS .rajaleb kutnu tapmet halada

upmak anasaus akij supmak id rajaleb rajaleb kutnu akerem gnukudnem s

iL .anas id upmak nagnukgn lah malad gnukudnem kadit nad rotok gnay s

rajagnem rajaleb kutnu isavitomret kadit awsisaham taubmem asib hiarem

isatserp kadit nad salam naka aynah awsisaham aneraK .supmak id rajaleb

luk ek sukof .hai id tagnas aguj takaraysam nagnukgniL tapad nakparah

tagnames habmanem kutnu awsisaham isatserp hiarem lah malaD .rajaleb

maj aynada nakpatenem hadus takaraysam ini - rajalep kutnu utnetret maj

awsisaham uata arep aynada nagneD . am utnabmem tapad ini narut awsisah

maj adap rajaleb kutnu - .tubesret maj

2 . isavitoM aratnA nagnubuH B rajale nagned M rajaleB isatserP awsisaha

satisrevinu uata halokes utauS arac nakutnenem halet - rac rajaleb a

tagnem kutnu awsisaham arap rukugnem nad ru eb kutnu .iggnit isavitomr

rajaleb isavitoM gnas gnaroeses rajaleb isatserp nagned nagnubuhreb ta

awsisaham awsisaham anerak ,ayniapacid gnay iaynupmem gnay

iggnit isavitom iaynupmem nad tagnames rajaleb malad naka

isatserp utaus naklisahgnem em naka nad iggnit gnay aynlisah iapacn

gnisam naujut nakrasadreb - nad iadnap gnay gnaro aynkilabeS .gnisam

kadit ipatet takab iaynupmem rajaleb kutnu isavitom iaynupmem kadit


71

rajaleb isatserp naklisahgnem naka .iggnit gnay naikimed nagneD

awsisham it gnay isavitom iaynupmem gnay iggn naklisahgnem naka

isatserp .alup iggnit gnay

.3 aratnA nagnubuH nilpisiD B nagned rajale P M rajaleB isatser awsisaha

awsisahaM aynsagut nakanaskalem malad rajalep iagabes

utubmem awsisaham irad saguT .nesod utiay rajagnep gnaroes nakh ada hal

nauhategnep nakirebmem malad nesod imahamem nad nakragnednem

ep gnatnet kiabes nagned narajal - bapA ,aynkiab gnaruk awsisaham ali

duskamid kadit nesod helo nakiapmasid gnay apa imahamem uata

itregnemid sisaham nad iridnes imahamem surah awsisaham akam naka aw

rajaleb amal gnay utkaw nakhutubmem nad iridnes naka aggnihes

rajaleb isatserp tabmahgnem . aynlah utigeB ,awsisaham tagnames nagned

.kiab gnaruk gnay lisah naklisahgnem naka tain nagned rajaleb kadit alib

awsisaham naikimed nagneD is ikilimem gnay iggnit gnay nilpisid pak

isatserp naklisahgnem naka .alup iggnit gnay

.C naitileneP sisetopiH

aud aratna nagnubuh gnatnet aratnemes nalupmisek halada sisetopiH

gnay rikifreb akgnarek nad iroet akgnarek nakrasadreB .lebairav hibel uata

uid hadus naksumurid tapad ini naitilenep malad sisetopih akam ,sataid nakiar

s tukireb iagabe :

.a agnubuh adA nagnukgnil aratna n awsisaham rajaleb d nagne isatserp

rajaleb awsisaham .


81

.b agnubuh adA awsisaham rajaleb isavitom aratna n d nagne rajaleb isatserp

.awsisaham

.c agnubuh adA awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid aratna n d nagne rajaleb isatserp

.awsisaham


91

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

sinej utiay ,susak iduts halada nakparetid gnay naitilenep sineJ

maladnem gnay naitilenep gnay aera adap kejbus uata kejbo utauses gnatnet

,satabret utkaw akgnaj kutnu ukalreb gnay narabmag naklisahgnem gnay

utnetret anamid aynatad sisilana nad nalupmugnep kaw adap nakukalid ut

etret .utn lisah nagned nakgnubuhid alib tubesret susak iduts naitilenep sineJ

ilenep jbo igab ukalreb aynah akam nait ukalreb kadit nad ajas itiletid gnay ke

ni naitileneP .nial gnay naitilenep keybo igab rajaleb isatserp adap satabret i ,

,rajaleb nagnukgnil isavitom rajaleb , nad nilpisid rajaleb m .awsisaha

.B naitileneP utkaW nad tapmeT

1. naitileneP tapmeT

id nakukalid naka naitileneP amraD atanaS satisrevinU .

2. naitileneP utkaW

nalub adap nakanaskalid naka naitileneP .3102 iraurbeF

.C naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

1. naitileneP kejbuS


02

halada naitilenep kejbuS aumes orP awsisahaM idutS marg

isnatnukA nakididneP naktapadnem halet nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna

ailuK ataM .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id h

2. naitileneP kejbO

da ini naitilenep irad kejbO hala :

a m rajaleb nagnukgniL . awsisaha

b . isavitoM m rajaleb awsisaha

c . nilpisiD m rajaleb awsisaha

d m rajaleb isatserP . awsisaha

.D isalupoP lepmaS nad

.1 isalupoP

isalupoP nalupmuk utiay ,naitilenep kejbus nahurulesek halada

naitilenep anaras idajnem gnay kopmolek uata isamrofni rebmus ( anajduS ,

6891 : .)751 halada aynisalupop ,ini naitilenep malaD hurules awsisahaM

isnatnukA nakididneP 102 nuhat adap 2 ini naitilenep isalupop halmuJ .

kaynabes 733 .awsisahaM

.2 lepmaS

aS .itiletid gnay isalupop irad likaw uata naigab nakapurem lepm

awsisaham halada nakanugid gnay lepmas ini naitilenep malaD margorP

9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atrakaygoY . epmas ini naitilenep malaD l halmujreb 76 .awsisaham


12

arac nagned nakukalid lepmas nalibmagnep ,ini naitilenep malaD

gnilpmas evisoprup haubes utiay nalibmagnep kinket lepmas nagned

S( utnetret nagnabmitrep nakitahrepmem itileneP .)87:7002 ,onoigu

anerak 9002 natakgna isnatnuka nakididnep awsisaham lepmas libmagnem

itukignem hadus 9002 natakgna awsisaham awhab paggnagnem itilenep

itiletid tapad hadus aggniheS .nakrawatid gnay SKS hurules irad hurapes

uragnep raseb aparebes .ini 9002 natakgna awsisaham rajaleb isatserp h

tapad awsisaham parahreb itilenep tubesret nagnabmitrep nakrasadreB

.aynranebes nagned renoiseuk bawajnem

.E naitileneP amgidaraP

nad rajaleb isavitom ,awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nagnubuH

rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid ham a malad awsis

:tukireb iagabes amgidarap nakisartsuliid tapad ini naitilenep

X1

X2

X3

Y


22

:nagnareteK

X1 awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgniL :

X2 awsisaham rajaleb isavitoM :

X3 awsisaham rajaleb nilpisiD :

awsisaham rajaleb isatserP : Y

F. aV naitileneP lebair

lebirav itupilem ini naitilenep malad lebairaV takiret lebairav nad

malad )huragnepret lebairav( takiret lebairaV .sabeb naitilenep halada ini

p awsisahaM rajaleB isatser ,)Y( lebairav( sabeb lebairav nakgnades

halada ini naitilenep malad )huragnep rajaleb nagnukgnil X( 1 isavitom ,)

awsisaham rajaleb X( 2 awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid nad ,) X( 3 .)

.G ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

kinkeT gnay isamrofni uata atad helorepmem malad nakanugid gnay

halada nakulrepid :

.1 isavresbO

kinkeT padahret gnusgnal natamagnep iulalem atad nalupmugnep

.itiletid gnay kejbus keT kin atad naklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid ini

lid gnay nataigek gnatnet .nakuka

.2 renoiseuK

kinkeT naaynatrep nakujagnem arac nagned atad nalupmugnep

helorepmem kutnu duskam nagned naitilenep kejbus adap silutret araces


32

gnatnet atad wsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil ,a isavitom ,awsisaham rajaleb

nad ilpisid awsisaham rajaleb n . ianegnem ataD rajaleb nagnukgnil

rajaleb nilpisid nad rajaleb isavitom ,awsisaham nabawaj iulalem helorepid

rep ratfad apureb gnay renoiseuk nakanugid gnay renoiseuK .naaynat

nabawaj hilimem aynah nednopser anamid ,pututret naaynatrep kutnebreb

tafisreb tubesret renoiseuk irad helorepid gnay nabawaJ .aidesret gnay

.fitatilauk

isik tukireB - rav kutnu renoiseuk isik nagnukgnil lebai rajaleb

sisaham :aw

lebaT 1.3 lanoisarepO sahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL awsi

.oN rotkidnI metI .oN .1 kididnem araC 8 ,4 .2 agraulek anasauS 7 ,3 .3 gnibmibmep/aut gnaro naitregneP 6 .4 rajaleB tapmeT 2 ,1 .5 supmak isidnoK 5

gnisaM - ataynrep gnisam malad nakataynid ayntujnales na :

nabawaJ fitanretlA A nabawaJ 4 B nabawaJ 3 C nabawaJ 2 D nabawaJ 1

isik tukireB - nad rajaleb isavitom lebairav kutnu renoiseuk isik

awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid :


42

2.3 lebaT lanoisarepO raV nilpisiD nad rajaleB isavitoM lebai rajaleB

awsisahaM lebairaV rotakidnI metI

fitisoP

metI

fitageN

isavitoM rajaleb

awsisaham

.a nanuketeK nateluek nad .

.b nad ujam kutnu nanignieK

gnabmekreb .

.c rajaleb kutnu tagnameS .

.d nakajregnem nagnuredneceK

kiab nagned sagut .

.e naujut iapacnem kutnu nanignieK .

.f awsis fitka isapisitraP .

2 31 ,3 ,

6 ,1

,11 ,9 ,4 21 01

41 ,8 5

51

7

nilpisiD rajaleb

ham a awsis

.a itaaneM supmak bitret atat .

.b narutagnep nagned iauses rajaleB

rajaleb maj ,lawdaj .

.c malad ukal hakgnit nailadnegneP

rajaleb .

.d irad sagut nakiaseleyneM

aynnesod .

.e bawaj gnuggnat rajaleB

.f salek id narajalep nakitahrepmeM

gnitnep gnay lah tatacnem nad .

.g kutnu rajaleb napaisreP irah kose .

.h alibapa aynatreB imalagnem

rajaleb natilusek .

4 2 7 1 6 5 3 01

9 ,8

nagned ini naitilenep adap sabeb lebairav narukugneP

nakanugid ini trekiL alaks malaD .trekiL irad pakis alaks nakanuggnem


52

kanugid nad roks irebmem kutnu sitametsis araces a naialinep irogetak 4 n

.tukireb iagabes

3.3 lebaT narukugneP alakS

bawaJ fitanretlA na rokS

ulaleS gnireS gnadaK -gnadak

kadiThanrep

fitisoP naaynatreP 4 3 2 1

fitageN naaynatreP 1 2 3 4

.H naitileneP nemurtsnI naijugneP

taubid gnay renoiseuk malad meti paites hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

kutnu kitsitats iju nakukalid akam ,nakladnaid tapad nad hihas hadus

sisilana nakanuggnem nagned ritub naladnaek nad ritub nahihasek rukugnem

:ini hawabid itrepes ,satilibaer nad satidilav

.1 satidilaV ijU

nakkujnunem gnay naruku utaus halada nahihasek uata satidilaV

nemurtsni utauS .nemurtsni utaus nadilavek uata nahihasek takgnit

kadneh gnay apa rukugnem upmam akij hihas uata dilav nakatakid

.aynrukuid ilav naijugnep ini naitilelenep malaD nakanuggnem satid

r sumur .tnemoM tcudorP sumuR tnemom tcudorp isalerok iagabes

:tukireb

2222 YYNXXN

YXYXNr yx


62

:nagnareteK r yx Y nad X aratna isalerok neisifeok =

X X roks halmuj = Y Y roks halmuj =

YX ilak lisah halmuj = Y nad X aratna N ijuid gnay lepmas aynkaynab =

X2 halmuj = X ialin tardauk Y2 halmuj = Y ialin tardauk

uata dilav tubesret naitilenep nemurtsni hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

: tukireb iagabes aynnautnetek akam ,kadit

.a r akiJ gnutih ≥ r lebat nemurtsni akam % 59 nanikayek farat nagned

.dilav nakatakid naitilenep

.b r akiJ gnutih r < lebat % 59 nanikayek farat nagned nemurtsni akam

.dilav kadit nakatakid naitilenep

hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid satidilav naijugneP

iakapid kadit uata kayal naitilenep nahab iagabes iakapid gnay renoiseuk .

.a tidilaV ijU lebairaV sa rajaleB nagnukgniL

lebaT 3.4 )1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL lebairaV satidilaV ijU lisaH

rotakidnI r gnutih r lebat nagnareteK

X 1.1

X 2.1

X 3.1

X 4.1

X 5.1

X 6.1

X 7.1

X 8.1

124,0

636,0

964.0

187,0

,0 584

,0 724

,0 293

,0 875

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

:rebmuS .3102 ,atad halo lisaH


72

meti nagnutihrep lisah nakrasadreb satidilav iju lisaH - meti

rajaleb nagnukgnil lebairav adap renoiseuk m nagned SSPS nakanuggne

padahret 0.71 03 meti aumes awhab nalupmisek libmaid tapad nednopser

ini lah ,dilav halada rajaleb nagnukgnil lebairav malad naaynatrep

r ialin ikilimem tubesret naaynatrep meti paites nakanerakid gnutih hibel

,0 irad raseb 163 meti aggniheS . - dilav tubesret naaynatrep meti tapad nad

.ayntujnales naitilenep malad nakanugid

.b lebairaV satidilaV ijU isavitoM rajaleB

lebaT 3.5 )2X( rajaleB isavitoM lebairaV satidilaV ijU lisaH


X 1.2

X 2.2

X 3.2

X 4.2

X 5.2

X 6.2

X 7.2

X 8.2

X 9.2

X 01.2

X 11.2

X 21.2

X 31.2

X 41.2

X 51.2

,0 393

,0 926

,0 718

,0 906

,0 983

,0 235

,0 535

,0 806

,0 054

,0 034

,0 564

,0 766

,0 576

,0 345

,0 806

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

163,0

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV



82

meti nagnutihrep lisah nakrasadreb satidilav iju lisaH - meti

rajaleb isavitom lebairav adap renoiseuk nagned SSPS nakanuggnem

padahret 0.71 03 meti aumes awhab nalupmisek libmaid tapad nednopser

ini lah ,dilav halada rajaleb isavitom lebairav malad naaynatrep


,0 irad raseb 163 meti aggniheS . - ad dilav tubesret naaynatrep meti tapad n


.c lebairaV satidilaV ijU nilpisiD rajaleB

lebaT 3.6 )3X( rajaleB nilpisiD lebairaV satidilaV ijU lisaH


X 1.3

X 2.3

X 3.3

X 4.3

X 5.3

X 6.3

X 7.3

X 8.3

X 9.3

X 01.3

,0 277

,0 337

,0 176

,0 076

,0 775

,0 566

,0 045

,0 306

,0 893

,0 636

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

,0 163

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV


saH meti nagnutihrep lisah nakrasadreb satidilav iju li - meti

rajaleb nilpisid lebairav adap renoiseuk nuggnem nagned 0.71 SSPS naka

padahret 03 meti aumes awhab nalupmisek libmaid tapad nednopser

ini lah ,dilav halada rajaleb nilpisid lebairav malad naaynatrep



92

,0 irad raseb 163 meti aggniheS . - tapad nad dilav tubesret naaynatrep meti


.2 satilibaileR naijugneP

libailer naijugneP huajes nakujnunem gnay skedni halada sati

.rukugnep tala utaus anam metsis nakanuggnem satilibailer ijU

sumur nagned aud haleb lanretni isnetsisnok .hcabnorC ahplA naijugneP

sumur adap nakrasadid satilibailer hcabnorC ahplA sumur nagneD .

S( tukireb iagabes : )282 : 0002 ,onoyigu

r 11 = 21

2

11

b

kK

: anamiD K B = laos aynkaynab uata naaynatrep ritub aynkayna r 11 K = satilibailer neisifeo

b2 J = ritub nairav halmu

12 V = latot naira

kinket nakanuggnem ini naitilenep adap nemurtsni satilibaileR

hcabnorC ahplA r irad > ahpla neisifeok akiJ . lebat nakifingis farat nagned

.)ayacrepid tapad( lebailer tubesret naitilenep nemurtsni akam ,%5

r irad < ahpla aynkilabeS t leba nemurtsni akam ,%5 nakifingis farat nagned

.lebailer tubesret naitilenep

nagned nakukalid ini naitilenep malad satilibailer naijugneP

s’hcabnorC ialin aynraseb gnutihgnem ahplA gnisam irad nemurtsni -

ialin alibapA .ijuid gnay lebairav gnisam hcabnorC ' tneiciffeoC s ahplA

renoiseuk adap nednopser arap irad nabawaj akam ,6,0 irad raseb hibel

nakataynid ialinid rukugnep tala iagabes lebailer ialin akiJ . abnorC shc


03

tneiciffeoC ahplA adap nednopser arap irad nabawaj akam ,6,0 licek hibel

kadit nakataynid ialinid rukugnep tala iagabes renoiseuk .lebailer lisaH

ibailer iju lebaT adap tahilid tapad satil 3.7.

lebaT 3.7 satilibaileR ijU lisaH

lebairaV ahplA hcabnorC nagnareteK

)1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL 658 ,0 lebaileR

)2X( rajaleB isavitoM 858 ,0 lebaileR

)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD 438 ,0 lebaileR


lebaT nakrasadreB 3.7 ialin ialin helorepid ,sataid ahplA

hcabnorC rav aumes irad irad raseb hibel nakkujnunem naitilenep lebai

nabawaj naikimed nagneD .6,0 ialin - lebairav irad nednopser nabawaj -

meti aggniheS .lebailer tubesret naitilenep lebairav - naaynatrep meti

.ayntujnales naitilenep malad nakanugid tapad nad lebailer tubesret

.I ataD sisilanA kinkeT

naijugneP sisetopih malad naitilenep p isalerok nakanuggnem tcudor

tnemom ,aynsurahes irad gnapmiynem kadit kiratid gnay nalupmisek ragA .

iju utiay isalerok sisilana taraysarp iju nakukalid uluhad hibelret akam

iju nad satilamron sisilana aynnakukalid kutnu taraysarp iagabes satireinil

.atad


13

.1 P ijU taraysar

.a satilamroN ijU

hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid atad satilamron naijugneP

roks - isalupop utaus irad lasareb paggnaid laka kusam tapad lepmas roks

aD .sitiroet isubirtsid iju nakanuggnem itilenep satilamron naijugnep mal

vorogomloK - vonrimS nagnapmiynep adap naitahrep naktasumem gnay

SSPS nautnab nagned nakukalid satilamron naijugneP .rasebret )isaived(

00.41 ialin akiJ . pait kutnu gnutih - hawabid ini naitilenep lebairav pait

n kadit halada tubesret atad isubirtsid akam 50.0= gnisam akiJ .lamro -

naklupmisid tapad akam 50.0 sata id ialin iaynupmem lebairav gnisam

iju nupadA .lamron isubirtsidreb naitilenep lebairav awhab vorogomloK -

vonrimS :2002 ,ilazohG mamI( tukireb iagabes halada satilamron kutnu

:)63

mumiskam = D XSXF no

:nagnareteK

D mumiskam isaiveD :

Fo )X( nakutnetid gnay fitalumuk isubirtsid isgnuF :

Sn )X( isavresboid gnay fitalumuk isneukerf isubirtsiD :

:tukireb iagabes nautnetek nakanuggnem tapad ini ijU

- .lamron isalupop isubirtsid akam 50,0 > satilibaborp akiJ

- .lamron kadit isalupop isubirtsid akam 50,0 < satilibaborp akiJ


23

.b satireiniL ijU

sam hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid ini ijU gni - gnisam

lebairav nagned kadit uata satiraenil nagnubuh iaynupmem sabeb lebairav

.takiret ,anajduS anaN( tukireb iagabes halada nakanugid gnay sumuR

1 299 : )233 :

:nagnareteK

F iserger sirag kutnu F ialiN :

2CTS kococ anut snairaV :

2eS naurilekek snairaV :

ialin utiay satiraenil naijugnep airetirK gnutihF idnabid nagned nakgn lebatF

nagnutihrep irad helorepid gnutih F neisifeoK .%5 isnakifingis farat adap

.0.21 SSPS gnutih F ialin akiJ < airav ratna nagnubuh akam lebat F ialin leb

.reinil tafisreb takiret lebairav nagned sabeb F ialin akij aynkilabes naD

gnutih > lebairav nagned sabeb lebairav ratna nagnubuh akam lebat F ialin

.reinil kadit takiret

.2 naitileneP sisetopiH naijugneP

.a sisetopiH nasumuR

)1 isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nagnubuH

awsisaham rajaleb

rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nakifingis nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH

awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham

2

2

eSS

F CT


33

awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nakifingis nagnubuh adA = aH

nagned awsisaham rajaleb isatserp

)2 rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitom aratna nagnubuH

awsisaham

rajaleb isavitom aratna nakifingis nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH


b isavitom aratna nakifingis nagnubuh adA = aH awsisaham rajale

awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned

)3 rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid aratna nagnubuH

awsisaham

rajaleb nilpisid aratna nakifingis nagnubuh ada kadiT = oH


ngis nagnubuh adA = aH awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nakifi

awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned

.b sisetopiH naijugneP

)1 malaD gnatnet agitek nad audek ,amatrep sisetopih ijugnem

vitom ,)1X( awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna nagnubuh isa

)3X( awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid nad ,)2X( awsisaham rajaleb

kitsitats sisilana nakanugid )Y( awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned

isalerok neisifeok tnemoM tcudorP : tukireb iagabes nosraeP irad

2222 YiYniXiXn

iYiXYiXnr yx

: nagnareteK yxr y padahret x lebairav isalerok neisifeoK =


43

X = X ialin halmuJ

Y = Y ialin halmuJ n = .)963:6991 ,anajduS( itilet id gnay keybus halmuJ

gabes nakisaterpetniid helorepid gnay isalerok neisifeoK tukireb ia

)052:8002 ,onoyiguS( :

r 0,0 = – 991,0 hadner tagnas isalerok itrareb :

r = ,0 2 – 993,0 hadner isalerok itrareb :

r = 4,0 – 995,0 gnades isalerok itrareb :

r = 6,0 – 997,0 tauk isalerok itrareb :

r = 8,0 – 0,1 tauk tagnas isalerok itrareb :

( utas sunim akgna narasik adap adareb isalerok neisifeok ialiN - )1

.)1+( utas sulp iapmas nakkujnunem sunim isalerok neisifeoK

huragnep halada idajret gnay huragnep anamid ,kilabret gnay nagnubuh

nagnubuh nakkujnunem fitisop isalerok neisifeok nakgnadeS .fitagen

911:5002 uyabruP( lebairav agit irad haraes gnay - .)021

: + isaleroK utaus nakianek nakianek nakbabeynem naka lebairav

utaus nanurunep aynkilabes nad nial gnay lebairav

lebairav adap nanurunep nakbabeynem naka lebairav

.nial gnay

isaleroK - : irav utaus nakianek nanurunep nakbabeynem naka leba

rav utaus nanurunep nakgnades ,lebairav utaus naka lebai

.nial gnay lebairav nakianek nakbabeynem


53

)2 malaD r isalerok neisifeok irad nakifingis ijugnem yx akukalid t iju n

sumur nagned :

212

rnrt

p airetirK tukireb iagabes halada naijugne :

oH t akiJ = gnutih t < lebat gnay nagnubuh tapadret kadit itrareb ,

.nakifingis

t akiJ = aH gnutih t > lebat .nakifingis gnay nagnubuh tapadret itrareb ,

)3 P adnagreb raenil iserger naaamasre

b + a = Y 1x1 b + 2x2 b + 3x3

Y rajaleb isatserp : aham awsis

A atnatsnok :

b1 x lebairav nagned nagnubuhreb gnay epols : 1



x1 roks : aham rajaleb nagnukgnil awsis

x2 roks : awsisaham rajaleb isavitom

x3 roks : awsisaham rajaleb nilpisid

)4 V lebaira - isamrofni iagabes iakapid asib iserger malad lebairav

nakgnidnabmem nagned F iju nakukalid mahas agrah padahret

F gnutih F nagned lebat bd gnalibmep nagned 50,0 = isnakifingis adap

= tubeynep nad k = gnalibmep n-k-1


63

kRknRF 2

2

11

: nagnareteK

F iracid gnay iserger sirag F agrah :

N lepmas aynkaynab :

2R adnag isalerok nanimreted neisifeok :

K sabeb lebairav halmuj :

nalupmiseK

.1 F ialin akiJ gnutih F > lebat lebairav itrareb - iserger malad lebairav

rajaleb isatserp padahret isamrofni iagabes iakapid asib

aham .awsis

.2 F ialin akiJ gnutih F < lebat lebairav itrareb - iserger malad lebairav

isatserp padahret isamrofni iagabes iakapid asib kadit rajaleb

aham .awsis

%5 isnakifingis farat adap satilibaborp nakrasadreb uatA

.1 lebairav akam 50,0 > satilibaborp akiJ - iserger malad lebairav

rajaleb isatserp padahret isamrofni iagabes iakapid asib kadit

aham awsis

.2 v akam 50,0 < satilibaborp akiJ lebaira - iserger malad lebairav

rajaleb isatserp padahret isamrofni iagabes iakapid asib

aham awsis


73

VI BAB

MUMU NARABMAG

irad rebmusreb ini tukireb mumu narabmag nasalU etisbew di.ca.dsu.www

nad isatnemukod atad .aynnial isnerefer

.A satisrevinU harajeS amrahD atanaS

.1 5591( amrahD atanaS GPTP - )8591

)GPTP( uruG nakididneP iggniT naurugreP nakiridnem kutnu edI

nad ,narajagneP ,nakididneP iretneM( .H.S ,nimaY .hoM .forP helo

0591 nuhat adap )IR naayadubeK - mami arap helo kiab tubmasid na

odrO amaturet ,kilotaK takgnisid mizal gnay suseY takireS( suseJ sateicoS

susruk akubmem halet ini odrO uti utkaW .).J.S - 1B nial aratna ,1B susruk

.H retaP helo alolekid gnay atrakaygoY id )ottirB eD nasayaY( kididneM

arameS id )aloyoL nasayaY( sirggnI asahaB 1B nad .J.S ,ffeoL gnay gn

.J.S ,nelueM red naV .J.W retaP helo alolekid .J.S ,esnaaitsaB .H retaP nad

erggnoC irad nagnukud nagneD oitag ayntujnales ,ediF adnagaporP ed

takireS siranoisiM roirepuS iagabes tabajnem uti utkaw gnay retseK retaP

susruk nakgnubaggnem suseY - susruk iggnit naurugrep haubes idajnem ini

nad 5591 rebotkO 02 laggnat adap amrahD atanaS GPTP halrihal nad

.5591 rebmeseD 71 laggnat adap hatniremep helo nakimserid

utiay ,nasuruj 4 iaynupmem amrahD atanaS GPTP aynlawa adaP

mlI nad ,API ,harajeS ,sirggnI asahaB isim rasebmep araP .kididneM u


83

idajnem .J.S ,arakrayirD sualociN .forP retaP kujnunem suseY takireS

.nakeD likaW iagabes ffeoL .H retaP nad amrahD atanaS GPTP nakeD

gnay .J.S ,snamyooL .K retaP helo nakatpicid ”amrahD atanaS“ amaN

tabajep idajnem uti utkaw nad ,narajagneP ,nakididneP nemetrapeD

.aisenodnI ajereG ilaW rotnaK id naayadubeK ”amrahD atanaS“

gnay naitkabek“ aynitra gnay ”amrahD ataynaS“ acabid aynranebes

uti nanayalep nad naitkabeK .”atayn gnay nanayalep“ uata ”aynranebes

hanat adapek nakujutid .)aisselcE te airtaP orP( ajereg nad ria

.2 8591( amrahD atanaS PIKF - )5691

lah malad ,hatniremep nautnetek nagned irid nakiauseynem kutnU

gnatnet naayadubeK nad ,narajagneP ,nakididneP nairtnemeK ini

adap amrahD atanaS GPTP akam ,PIKF idajnem GPTP nahaburep nalub

umlI naurugeK satlukaF( PIKF idajnem habureb 8591 rebmevoN

satisrevinU irad naigab nakapurem nad amrahD atanaS )nakididneP

amrahD atanaS ini PIKF asam adaP .atrakaygoY gnabac aisenodnI kilotaK

dreb iregen nagned ”nakamasid“ sutats helorepmem lisahreb KS nakrasa

laggnat 2691/77.oN oj 1691 ieM 6 laggnat adap 1691/1.oN PITP iretneM

araces ,aisenodnI kilotaK satisrevinU irad naigab nupualaW .2691 iluJ 11

.iridnes iridreb amrahD atanaS PIKF otcaf ed


93

.3 5691( amrahD atanaS PIKI - )3991

isatagnem kutnU atisrevinU irad naigab idajnem aratna naucnarek

atanaS PIKF nairidnamek nagned atrakaygoY gnabac aisenodnI kilotaK

amrahD atanaS PIKF ,nakididnep isutitsni haubes iagabes amrahD

PITP iretneM KS nakrasadreb amrahD atanaS PIKI idajnem habureb

B/732.oN - /U/twS 1 laggnat ialum ukalreb uti nasutupek taruS .5691

anajraS aynmulebes( 1S margorP nakanaskalem nialeS .5691 rebmetpeS

kutnu hatniremep ayacrepid aguj amrahD atanaS PIKI ,)anajraS nad aduM

,akitametaM nasuruj kutnu III nad ,II ,I amolpiD margorP alolegnem

iF iagabreB .PMP nad ,SPI ,sirggnI asahaB ,aisenodnI asahaB ,akis

akubid ayntujnales nad 0991 nuhat adap pututid ini amolpiD margorp

.)rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP( DSGP II amolpiD margorp

.4 U 3991( amrahD atanaS satisrevin S iapma S )gnarake

nahutubek nad natutnut nagned irid nakiauseynem kutnu aynrihkA

nagned iauses 3991 lirpA 02 laggnat ,namaz naujamek atres takaraysam

nakgnabmekid amrahD atanaS PIKI ,3991/O/D/64.oN dubkidneM KS

man nagned lanekid hibel uata amrahD atanaS satisrevinU idajnem .DSU a

metsis nakujamem tapad patet nakparahid DSU ,ini nagnabmekrep nagneD

umli nasawaw saulrepmem malad isapisitrapreb sugilakes urug nakididnep

,satisrevinu idajnem gnabmekreb haleteS .igolonket nad nauhategnep

m saulrepmem kutnu gnorodret amrahD atanaS margorp natau

urug nakididnep naknahatrepmem patet gnipmas iD .aynnakididnep


04

)nakididneP umlI naurugeK satlukaF( PIKF akubmem patet nagned ,

atanaS satisrevinU .urab satlukaf aparebeb akubmem amrahD atanaS

rgorP 52 nagned satlukaF 8 ikilimem gnarakes amrahD 3 ,idutS ma

susuhK margorP 3 nad ,iseforP margorP 1 ,anajraS acsaP margorP

atanaS satisrevinU id gnabmekreb lah kaynab ini gnarakeS .takifitresreB

kisif anaras kiab ,kepsa iagabreb itupilem aynnagnabmekreP .amrahD

satilisaf nad ,naakatsuprep ,bal ,gnudeg( isartsinimda ,)aynnial kisif

,)gnukudnep tinu atres/tasup/agabmel/orib ,nemejanam ,isamrofni metsis(

adap naidbagnep atres ,narajagnep ,naitilenep ,kimedaka utum natakgninep

.takaraysam

.5 amaN - atanaS satisrevinU rotkeR tabajnem hanrep gnay aman

:amrahD

.a forP 5591( .J.S ,arakrajirD .N .rD . - )7691

.b 8691( .J.S ,tsorD .J .srD - )6791

.c 7791( .J.S ,namradaK .M.A .rD .forP - )4891

.d 4891( .J.S ,ataniwunaD .X.F .srD - )8891

.e 8891( .cS.M ,oyotuT .A .srD - )3991

.f 3991( .J.S ,ajdetarpartsaS .M .rD - )1002

.g ( TSM ,.J.S ,onrapuS suluaP .rD 1002 - )6002

.h 6002( .cS.M ,.J.S ,amatmatoyirP onoyriW suluaP .rI .rD - )gnarakes


14

.B amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP naujuT nad ,isiM ,isiV

.1 isiV

suseY takireS helo nakiridid )DSU( amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

kutnu kilotaK mawa nad mami naker nagned amasreb aisenodnI isnivorP

tabatram naktakgninem nad ignudnilem ahasu malad isapisitrapreb

nagned aisunam ialin nad kimedaka naluggnuek nakudamem

isunamek .naa

.a ,iracnem suret kutnu gnorodret amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

nagned fitkeybo araces naranebek nakpakgnugnem nad ,nakumenem

nakiabek naka naukagnep adap nakrasadid uti laH .aynnasabebek

,ikidilesid ,irajalepid surah gnay hallA naatpic iagabes ainud ikikah

imed nakiratselid nad nugnabid atres aynankam nakgnunerid nad

.raseb hibel gnay hallA naailumek nad aisunam tamu naarethajesek

.b asam nakdujuwem malad adum isareneg gnitnep narep iradayneM

liggnapret asarem amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .aisenodnI asgnab naped

u malad amasreb ahasu adapek fitisop nagnabmus nakirebmem kutn

nagned ,adum muak kadnehek nad ,itah ,narikip nagnabmegnep

akerem isnetop naktikgnabmem duskam fitaerk nad fitka araces kutnu

nad ,sitarkomed ,lida gnay citsilarulp takaraysam nugnabmem tuki

ajes .areth

.c nad naasgnabek ialin adap nakrasadid uti nagnabmegnep ahasU

DUU nad alisacnaP malad pakgnuret itrepes lanoisan naayadubek

naatpic iagabes aisunam tabatram ianegnem inaitsirk isiv adaP .5491


24

ruhul gnay aynnaujut atres aynlaisos bawaj gnuggnat ,hallA adap nad

takireS nakididnep hara malad dujuwret gnay naitangI satilautirips

”amases igab aisunam idajnem“ itrepes suseY rof nemow dna nem(

)srehto htiw dna idabirp naitahrep , )silanosrep aruc( tagnames atres ,

naluggnuek )sigam( .sigolaid nad

.2 isiM

.a nabmegneM nakudamem tapad gnay nakididnep metsis nakg

.naaisunamek ialin nad kimedaka naluggnuek

.b sitirk inarun itah idajnem tapad gnay satisrevinu nakgnabmegneM

.takaraysam

.c araces ilaggnem hibel kutnu amaturet naitilenep nakaraggneleyneM

d iwaisunam naranebek sitirk .aisunam tabatram nakgnabmegnem na

.d kutnu naumliek imonoto nad kimedaka nasabebek nakgnabmegneM

.naumliek akite adap nakrasadreb naranebek nakumenem tapad

.e tagnames nagned sinamuh gnay nakididnep nakaraggneleyneM

,lautkeletni iges nakgnabmegnem gnay sigolaid nad ,lanoisome ,larom

.udapret araces lautirips

.f nad ,asawed ,sitirk ,hutu gnay aisunam idajnem awsisaham utnabmeM

tapad .takaraysam igab anugreb

.g utnabmem sugilakes nad takaraysam adapek nanayalep nakirebmeM

awsisaham os naakepek nakgnabmegnem kutnu s lai padahret

.takaraysam


34

.h naumliek gnadib malad kiab ,lanoisseforp gnay aganet nakpaisrepmeM

.nakididnepek gnadib malad nupuam

.3 nakididneP naujuT

artup naksadrecnem utnabmem naujutreb DSU id nakididneP - irtup

ialin nad kimedaka naluggnuek nakudamem nagned asgnab - ialin

ialin naksadnalreb gnay citsinamuh - atic nad lasrevinu gnay inaitsirK ialin -

aggnihes ,alisacnaP malad gnudnakret anamiagabes naaisunamek atic

nad ayniduts gnadib nagned iauses kimedaka naupmamek ikilimem

.iggnit gnay naidabirpek satirgetni

.C rutkurtS isasinagrO

naujut iapacnem imed aynnanarep gnitnep tagnas isasinagro rutkurtS

satab salej tahilret tapad isasinagro rutkurts malaD .nakpatetid halet gnay -

gnisam aynnaajrekep padahret nawayrak bawaj gnuggnat nad sagut satab -

.gnisam

gnuggnat nad saguT :tukireb iagabes nial aratna aynbawaj

.1 id iggnitret nalikawrep nad fitamron nadab nakapurem satlukaF taneS

nakajibek nakrabajnem malad gnanewew ikilimem gnay satlukaf takgnit

.satlukaf kutnu satisrevinu narutarep nad

.2 W helo utnabid PIKF nipmimem PIKF nakeD gnadib I nakeD likaW( I D

nad mumu isartsinimda gnadib II nakeD likaW( II DW nad )kimedaka


44

halada )tanakeD fatS( nakeD likaW nad nakeD saguT .)nagnauek gnadib

:tukireb iagabes

.a ,narajagnep ,nakididnep naaraggneleynep nipmimem sagutreb nakeD

,naitilenep gnep adap naidba aganet anibmem ,takaraysam

bawaj gnuggnatreb nad ,isartsinimda aganet ,awsisaham ,nakididnepek

.rotkeR adapek

.b nipmimem malad naked utnabmem sagutreb )I DW( I nakeD likaW

,narajagnep itupilem gnay kimedaka gnadib id nataigek naanaskalep

itilenep .takaraysam adap naidbagnep nad ,na

.c nipmimem malad nakeD utnabmem sagutreb )II DW( II nakeD likaW

.nagnauek nad mumu isartsinimda gnadib id nataigek naanaskalep

.d nagnubuhreb gnay saguT gnadib id nataigek naanaskalep nagned

lukirukok tafisreb gnay nakididnep atres relukirukartske nad re

,tanakeD fatS amasreb bawaj gnuggnat idajnem naawsisahamek

nataigek nagnauek nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nasuru nakgnades

.II DW helo alolekid satlukaf takgnit naawsisahamek

.3 drookgnem nad rutagnem sagutreb )KDKM( satlukaF KKM tinU nakisani

hailuK ataM uata satlukaf )KKM( nailhaeK hailuK ataM naaraggneleynep

I DW helo nipmipid ini tinU .satlukaf pukgnil id )KDKM( nailhaeK rasaD

.naked adapek gnusgnal bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay

.4 abmem sagutreb )4P( nakididneP nanayaleP nad naitileneP tasuP utn nad

adapek nakididnep nanayalep nad naitilenep nataigek nakisanidrookgnem

adapek tubesret sagut iagabreb nakigabmem nad raul takaraysam nesod -


54

nipmipid 4P .PIKF tanaked nagned isanidrook malad tiakret gnay nesod

.4P alapek helo

.5 ahasu atat tinU neleynem adap kimedaka nataigek isartsinimda nakaragg

pait - aynsagut naknalajnem malad ahasu atat tinU .iduts margorp pait

isanidrook hawab id adareb PIKF ahasu atat tinU .II nakeD likaW

gnaroes helo nipmipid bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay )UTK( ahasU ataT alapeK

k gnusgnal .II DW adape

.6 naaraggneleynep nakisanidrookgnem nad rutagnem sagutreb LPP tinU

muirotarobaL alolegnem nad satlukaf pukgnil malad awsisaham LPP

gnihcaeT orciM tinU .satlukaf autek gnaroes helo nipmipid satlukaf LPP

muirotarobaL rotanidrook idajnem sugilakes gnay LPP tinu orciM

gnihcaeT .naked adapek gnusgnal bawaj gnuggnatreb nad satlukaf

.7 K( nasuruJ auteK id ,nasuruj nipmimem sagutreb )ruja siraterkes helo utnab

S( nasuruj )rujke .

.8 auteK K( iduts margorp helo utnabid ,idorp nipmimem sagutreb )idorpa

roes W( iduts margorp autek likaw gna nautas halada idorP .)idorpaka

mulukiruk nautas nakanaskalem sagutreb gnay nakididnep anaskalep

.utnetret nailhaek utas kutnu

.9 ret DSU PIKF patet nesoD helo takgnaid gnay nesod irad irid nasayaY

idajnem DSU adap nakutnabrepid gnay SNP nesod nad amrahD atanaS

nakadagnem ,rajagnem kutnu sagut nagned PIKF pukgnil id patet iawagep

takaraysam adapek naidbagnep nakanaskalem nad ,naitilenep paiteS .


64

d patet nesod nagned iauses idorp utaus adap nakkudniid PIKF pukgnil i

.aynikilimid gnay nailhaek gnadib

.01 gnay kididnep aganet halada DSU PIKF )TTD( patet kadit nesoD

id rajagnem kutnu sagut nagned DSU rotker irad sagut tarus tapadnem

DSU PIKF pukgnil id idorp utaus .utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu

.11 id kidid atresep iagabes ratfadret gnay gnaro halada DSU PIKF awsisahaM

id idorp uata nasuruj utaus helo nakaraggnelesid gnay iduts margorp utaus

.DSU PIKF pukgnil

.D naurugeK satlukaF harajeS nad nakididneP umlI

satisrevinU irad satlukaf utas halas nakapurem ini gnarakes gnay PIKF

atanaS PIKI natubes nagned relupop hanrep ulud gnay ,amrahD atanaS

)GPTP( uruG nakididneP iggniT naurugreP haubes halada aynalum ,amrahD

ialuM .5591 rebmeseD 71 laggnat adap iridreb gnay nuhat rebmevoN nalub

,uti nagned natiakreB .PIKF idajnem GPTP aman habugnem hatniremep ,8591

gnay amrahD atanaS PIKF idajnem itnagreb amrahD atanaS GPTP aman

1 ialum naidumeK .aisenodnI kilotaK satisrevinU irad naigab nakapurem

oS nediserP ,5691 rebmetpeS nakapurem gnay PIKI kutnebmem onrake

B/732.oN KS nakrasadreb aggniheS .GPI nad PIKF irad nagnubag -

amrahD atanaS PIKF ,5691/UTWS atanaS PIKI idajnem aman itnagreb

.amrahD

KS iulalem ,namaz nagnabmekrep natutnut nagned gniries ,aynrihkA

1/O/D/64.oN dubkidneM haubes idajnem amrahD atanaS PIKI ,399


74

gnay PIKI ,naikimed nagneD .)DSU( amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .satisrevinu

haubes nakapurem gnarakes ,iridnes iridreb gnay agabmel nakapurem ulud

nakididneP umlI satlukaF ,8991 nuhat adaP .DSU irad satlukaf ilotaK amagA k

umlI nasuruJ ,KAPPI idorP idajnem PIKF nagned gnubaggnem )APIF(

.nakididneP

raleg kutnu iduts margorp 11 nagned nasuruj 4 iaynupmem DSU PIKF

.ralegnon iduts margorp 1 ,1S

.1 )PIJ( nakididneP umlI nasuruJ

.a )KB( gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

.b tS margorP kilotaK amagA nakididneP nasusuhkeK nakididneP idu

)KAPPI(

.c )DSGP( rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP idutS margorP

.2 )SBPJ( ineS nad asahaB nakididneP nasuruJ

.a )IBP( sirggnI asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP

.b eaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP har

)DISBP(

.3 )SPIPJ( laisoS nauhategneP umlI nakididneP nasuruJ

.a )EP( imonokE nakididneP idutS margorP irad iridret

isnatnukA nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB .)1

imonokE nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB .)2

.b )jeSP( harajeS nakididneP

.4 nakididneP nasuruJ )APIMPJ( malA nauhategneP umlI nad akitametaM

.a )siFP( akisiF nakididneP idutS margorP


84

.b )taMP( akitametaM nakididneP idutS margorP

.c )oiBP( igoloiB nakididneP idutS margorP

aganet nakpaiynem kutnu naujutreb DSU PIKF ,mumu araceS

kididnepek ,lanoisseforp gnay na itsinamuh k nad ,sigolaid tagnames ikilimem ,

malad kimedaka narujujek nad nasabebek nakgnabmegnem atres iagrahgnem

helo gnukudid DSU PIKF ,tubesret naujut iapacnem kutnU .nakididnep sesorp

aganet - atres namalagnepreb halet gnay nakididnep aganet satilisaf - satilisaf

.iadamem tagnas gnay

.E )PIKF( nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF isiM nad isiV

.1 isiV

nakididnepek aganet napaiyneP nagned netepmok gnay urug/

ialin isadnalid - naaraggneleynep iulalem hisak atnic nad alisacnaP ialin

gnay nakididnep .satilaukreb

.2 isiM

.a iricreb gnay ,netepmok gnay urug/nakididnepek aganet nakpaiyneM

:tukireb iagabes

)1 .naidabirpek nad larom satirgetni ikilimeM

)2 naurugek/nakididnepek gnadib iasaugneM

)3 idajnem gnay umli gnadib adap isnetepmok iaynupmeM

.aynnailhaek

)4 ajnem upmaM .kiab nagned laicos isakinumok nil


94

.b )lanoisanretni nad lanoisan( takaraysam nagned naartimek nilajneM

natakgninep adap isubirtnok nakirebmem kutnu hatniremep nad

.nakididnep iulalem takaraysam pudih satilauk

.F idutS margorP harajeS gnadiB imonokE nakididneP nailhaeK susuhK

)KKB( isnatnukA nakididneP

idutS margorP nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP nakididneP

isnatnukA nakididneP nasuruJ hawab id iduts margorp utas halas nakapurem

,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF ,laisoS nauhategneP umlI

satisrevinU SPIPJ( amrahD atanaS - PIKF - P .)DSU iduts margor nakapurem ini

5591 rebmeseD 71 laggnat akubid gnay imonokE nasuruJ irad natujnalek

nakased sata nakiridid )GPTP( uruG nakididneP iggniT naurugreP akitek

nulrep ipaggnanem kutnu nimaY dammahuM nakididneP iretneM ay

isadnalid amrahD atanaS nairidneP .AMS nad PTLS urug nolac nakididnep

tagnas uti utkaw adap gnay takaraysam utnabmem kutnu tagnames helo

.gnadib iagabreb id kiab gnay hagnenem halokes urug aganet nakhutubmem

P ,)8591( ayniridreb utkaw adaP iduts margor P imonokE nakididne

ayntujnaleS .amrahD atanaS PIKF imonokE umlI nasuruJ aman nakanuggnem

82 laggnat naayadubeK nad nakididneP iretneM nasutupek nakrasadreb

5891 iraunaJ nasuruJ idajnem aman itnagid imonokE umlI nasuruJ ,

ikilimem gnay ahasU ainuD nakididneP nakididneP SP utiay ,rulaj )aud( 2

.”nakamasid“ sutats nagned ,isnatnukA nakididneP SP nad isarepoK imonokE


05

nakrasadreb 6891 ieM 41 laggnat adap ilabmek nakpatetid ini sutatS

.6891/0/3630.oN naayadubeK nad nakididneP iretneM nasutupeK

ahD atanaS PIKI kajeS atanaS satisrevinU idajnem habureb amr

nakididneP SP ,3991/peK/itkiD/662.oN itkiD nejriD KS nakrasadreb amrahD

,laisoS nauhategneP umlI nakididneP nakididneP nasuruJ hawab id isnatnukA

nakididneP SP ,3002 nuhat adaP .nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF

A nakpatetid gnay B isatiderkA ialin takgnirep nagned isatiderkaret isnatnuk

NAB helo - )amil( 5 utkaw akgnaj kutnu 3002 rebmetpeS 91 laggnatret TP

.nakpatetid laggnat kajes nuhat

9991/peK/ITKID/341.oN itkiD nejriD KS nakrasadreB gnatnet

nuhat ,idorP naatanep SP nagned itnagid isnatnukA nakididneP SP aman 9991

adaP .isnatnukA nakididneP susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP

padahret A ialin nakirebmem atrakaygoY V hayaliW sitrepoK 2002 nuhat

naaraggneleynep nakayalek idutS margorP gnadiB imonokE nakididneP

nailhaeK susuhK isnatnukA nakididneP .

.G ispirkseD idutS margorP nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP susuhK

)KKB( isnatnukA nakididneP

margorP naujuT idutS KKB ,imonokE nakididneP nakididneP

gnay nakididnepek aganet naklisahgnem kutnu halada ini isnatnukA

.isarepok/imonoke gnadib nad ,nemejanam ,isnatnuka gnadib id lanoisseforp

adap nakrasadreb idutS margorP ,nakididnep nakaraggneleynem malaD

eP .lakol nataum nad lanoisan mulukiruk rajaleb sesorp naaraggneleyn


15

nakanaskalid rajagnem gnay satilisaf naaidesretek helo gnukudid nad rutaret

.iadamem

rajaleb sesorp malad awsisaham adap nakmanatid gnay sitirk pakiS

malad nasulul igab tauk gnay rasad nakirebmem halet itkubret rajagnem

ikipreb idutS margorP nasulul ,aynlisah iagabeS .haimli araces r nakididneP

KKB imonokE id iadamem gnay naupmamek ikilimem isnatnukA nakididneP

tapad tubesret laH .iggnit gnay satilibiskelf ikilimem nad ayngnadib

nem gnay idorp nasulul aynkaynab nagned nakkujnutid isisop/natabaj ikudud

rebmus iagabes inkay ,nakididnepek non nad nakididnep ainud malad gnitnep

naahasurep adap isnatnuka gnadib id nakladnaid tapad gnay aisunam ayad

,naletohrep ,knab itrepes asaj naahasurep ,rutkafunam naahasurep ,gnagad

usnok naahasurep .ayniagbes nad ,isnarusa/nakajaprep/sinsib/nemejanam natl

.H narasaS nad ,isiM ,isiV idutS margorP gnadiB imonokE nakididneP

nailhaeK susuhK isnatnukA nakididneP

.1 isiV

raga adum isareneg isnetop nakgnabmegnem nad naktikgnabmeM

k nad fitka isapisitrapreb upmam takaraysam nugnabmem malad fitaer

,aynnailhaek gnadib nagned iauses kitarkomed nad lida gnay kitsilarulp

isiv atres 5491 DUU nad alisacnaP nakrasadreb nakanaskalid gnay

.aisunam tabatram ianegnem inaitsirk


25

.2 isiM

.a aganet takaraysam igab nakaideyneM non nad nakididnepek

imonoke gnadib id nakididnepek – ,lanoisseforp gnay isnatnuka

atres lanoisome nad ,laisos ,lautkeletni ,larom ,lautirips araces asawed

.igolonket nad umli nagnabmekrep nagned irid nakiauseynem upmam

.b muh gnay nakididnep nakaraggneleyneM tagnames nagned sina

.sigolaid

.c sugilakes ,takaraysam adapek naidbagnep nakaraggneleyneM

nad naakepek nakgnabmegnem kutnu awsisaham utnabmem

.aynlaisos nailudepek

.d imed isnatnukA nakididneP gnadib id naitilenep nakaraggneleyneM

.aisunam tabatram nagnabmegnep

.3 narasaS

.a gnadib id nakididnepek non nad nakididnepek aganet nakpaisrepmeM

imonoke – malad fitaerk nad lanoisseforp gnay isnatnuka

.isamrofni igolonket nakanuggnem

.b tawel sigolaid sinamuh gnay nakididnep sesorp satilauk naktakgnineM

p nad anaras natakgninep apureb gnay narajalebmep anarasar

,erawtfos ,erawdrah nad erawniarb - .ayn

.c naktakgnineM satitnauk nad satilauk helo nakukalid gnay naitilenep

awsisaham helo nad kopmolek nupuam laudividni kiab nesod arap

.aynnasululek tarays iagabes


35

.d takaraysam adapek naidbagnep satitnauk nad satilauk naktakgnineM

,nesod ,nautasek utas iagabes iduts margorp helo nakukalid gnay kiab

ayares kopmolek nupuam laudividni araces awsisaham nad

nakgnabmegnem gnikrowten agabmel nagned - nad nakididnep agabmel

non - .nakididnepek

.I aisunaM ayaD rebmuS

nesod fatS idutS margorP nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP

isnatnukA nakididneP nakiaseleynem gnades nad halet raseb naigabes

aganet )utas( 1 nad patet nesod )salebes( 11 .2S gnajnej nakididnep

,ini taas isartsinimda :tukireb iagabes halada

.1 .dP.M ,idahuM .X.F .srD

.2 .dP.S ,itnawruP ynE atiR iS.M

.3 .iS.M ,.dP.S ,otatnuwojirP otranadiW .S

.4 .iS.M ,.E.S ,omonruP gnabmaB .srD

.5 .iS.M ,.dP.S ,onotpaS suitneruaL

.6 .AS.M ,.dP.S ,initnawruP oilenroC

.7 .iS.M ,.dP.S ,ontaruS nadnoB suitangI

.8 .dP.M ,.P.I.S ,.dP.S ,ineharguN hadnI atcedeneB

.9 ugA .M ,.dP.S ,ohorguN ireH sunits dP .

.01 .dP.S ,murgninatarB itutsamerP anilataN

.11 .)isartsinimdA aganeT( halisraduS sirA aiserehT


45

.J anarasarP nad anaraS

nial aratna narajalebmep sesorp satilauk naktakgninem ahasU nagned

nahailukrep anarasarp nad anaras satilauk nad satitnauk naktakgninem itrepes

yn gnay kudud tapmet nad hailuk gnaur nakatpicnem nakaideynem ,nama

muirotarobal k atres naakatsuprep nakaideynem ,iadamem gnay retupmo

gnay luduj nad ukub ralpmeske halmuj DC kusamret iadamem - .MOR

upmam raga idabirp ajrek nagnaur utas nakaidesid patet nesod paiteS

awsisaham nagnibmib nad ,haimli ayrak nasilunep ,narajalebmep nakpaiynem

.kiab nagned

idneP SP kimedaka isartsinimda metsiS sisabreb gnay isnatnukA nakid

k m retupmo kutnu taruka nad tapec gnay isamrofni aynaidesret gnukudne

.tapet nad tapec gnay nasutupek nalibmagnep

.K naawsisahameK

.1 idutS margorP takgniT naawsisahameK isasinagrO

naawsisahamek isasinagrO nanupmiH halada iduts margorp takgnit

P awsisahaM margor S idut nanupmiH( SPMH tubesid gnay nakididneP

awsisahaM P margor S susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP idut

isnatnukA nakididneP .)

.a awsisaham nalikawrep nakapurem isnatnukA nakididneP SPMH

P margor S susuhK nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP idut

ukA nakididneP isnatn auteK likaW adapek bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay .


55

.b nad ,nakaraggneleynem ,nakanacnerem isnatnukA nakididneP SPMH

nataigek nakgnabmegnem - amasreb relukiruk artske nad ok nataigek

P auteK likaW margor S nailhaeK gnadiB imonokE nakididneP idut

susuhK A nakididneP .isnatnuk

.2 nataigeK - P nataigeK margor S gnadiB imonokE nakididneP idut

susuhK nailhaeK isnatnukA nakididneP

.a relukiruk ok nataigeK

)1 .)I retsemes( rasap tesiR

)2 YID id naahasurep ek isrukske idutS - .)III retsemes( gnetaJ

)3 raul id naahasurep ek isrukske idutS YID - .)V retsemes( gnetaJ

)4 nesod fitarobalok naitileneP - .)IIV retsemes( awsisaham

.b relukiruk artske nataigeK

)1 .agarep tala / ines abmoL

)2 .silut ayrak abmoL

)3 .iskeloker / terteR

)4 nesod lagolaiD – .awsisaham

)5 .takaraysam adap naidbagneP


65

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

ah naksalejid naka tukireB ianegnem naitilenep lis nagnubuh nagnukgnil

,rajaleb m leb isavito raja nad nilpisid rajaleb nagned awsisahaM rajaleb isatserp

halet nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP

ini naitilenep malaD .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id hailuK ataM naktapadnem

k naaynatrep ratfad narabeynep irad helorepid atad kutnu nednopser 08 adape

renoisiuk apureb atad nalupmugnep lisaH .aynnaialinep nad pakis nakirebmem

:tukireb iagabes halada tarays ihunemem nad nakilabmekid lisahreb gnay

1.5 lebaT lepmaS nagnutihreP naicnireP

nagnareteK halmuJ

rabesid gnay renosiuK 08

ilabmek kadit gnay renosiuK )21(

pakgnel kadit aynnaisignep gnay renosiuK )1(

tarays ihunemem gnay renosiuK 76

:rebmuS 3102 ,atad halo lisaH .

gnusgnal araces nednopser ek nakrabesid gnay renoisiuk halmuJ

renoisiuk 21 tapadret ,tubesret nakrabesid gnay renoisiuk 08 iraD .08 kaynabes

gnay renoiseuk halmujes irad naidumeK .itilenep adap nakilabmekid kadit

helorepid ,tubesret ilabmek .pakgnel kadit aynnaisignep gnay renoisiuk 1


75

ini naitilenep tarays ihunemem gnay gnay renoisiuk nahurulesek araces aggniheS

aggniheS .renoisiuk 76 kaynabes utiay naitilenep lepmas iagabes nakidajid kutnu

gnay gnaro 76 halada ini naitilenep malad nednopser halada aynaumesek

nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisahaM

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id hailuK ataM naktapadnem halet kutnU

anug nakduskamid gnay naitilenep atad nahihasek nad nadilav ek helorepmem

enep lisah naktapadnem akam ,nakisasilarenegid tapad nad kiab gnay naitil

nad satidilav naijugnep uluhad hibelret nakanaskalid naitilenep mulebes

meti padahret satilibailer - .naitilenep lebairav irad renoiseuk meti

A atad ispirkseD .

nagnukgnil utiay lebairav agit itupilem gnay naitilenep lisah ataD

rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb , ini tukireb atad ispirksed adaP .rajaleb nilpisid nad

gnisam naicnir iuhategnem kutnu ,naitilenep lebairav isneukerf atad nakijasid -

lid tapad gnay lebairav gnisam : ini tukireb naiaru irad tahi

.1 rajaleb nagnukgniL

nagnukgniL b halada rajale f rotka - ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

malad rajaleb isatserp padahret huragnepreb gnay rajaleb sesorp

nagnukgnil ,agraulek anasaus ,kididnem arac kididnem arac itrepes

ro naitregnep ratal nad ,agraulek imonoke laisos naaadaek ,aut gna

.naayadubek gnakaleb lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD nagnukgnil

rajaleb ,23 = iggnitret roks ,41 = hadneret roks iuhatekid , naem ,67,32 =

naidem ,32 = sudom ,12 = isaived radnats .568,4 = bairav ataD le


85

isireb gnay renoiseuk irad tapadid rajaleb nagnukgnil 8 ,naaynatrep ritub

halmujreb nednopser nagned 76 .awsisaham irad iridret naaynatrep paiteS

iggnitret roks nad 1 halada hadneret roks nagned nabawaj fitanretla 4

netid tapad naikimed nagneD .4 halada = 8 x 4( laedi iggnitret roks nakut

x 1( hadneret roks nad )23 8 = 8 23 idaj ,) – 8 nakumetid akam 4 igabid

rasebes lavretni 6 .00,

.5 lebaT 2 isneukerF isubirtsiD nagnukgniL rajaleB

oN lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF esatnesreP

1 8 00, – 13 99, tagnaS kiab kadit 0 0.0 %

2 00,41 - 99,91 kiab gnaruK 31 4.91 % 3 00,02 - 99,52 kiaB 72 3.04 % 4 00,62 - 00,23 kiab tagnaS 72 3.04 %

halmuJ 76 %001

rebmuS .3102 ,atad halo lisaH : .5 lebat iraD 2 awhab nakkujnunem sata id ada kadit awsisaham

gnay isnatnuka nakididnep nakataynem rajaleb nagnukgnil malad irogetak

tagnas hadner , irogetak malad rajaleb nagnukgnil kiab gnaruk utiay

( 91 .4 ,)% irogetak malad rajaleb nagnukgnil kiab (4 .0 3 nad ,)% nagnukgnil

irogetak malad rajaleb tagnas kiab ( utiay 40.3 .)% .5 lebaT nakrasadreB 2

atar roks ikilimem rajaleb nagnukgnil nakataynid tapad - 67.32 rasebes atar

( lavretni malad adareb gnay 00,02 - 99,52 uata ) laH .kiab irogetak malad

isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham awhab naksalejnem ini

adnem halet nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna hailuK ataM naktap


95

akerem rajaleb nagnukgnil nakataynem amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id

.kiab halada

.2 rajaleb isavitoM

gnay gnaroeses idabirp malad naadaek iagabes halada isavitoM

ataigek nakukalem kutnu udividni nanigniek gnorodnem anug utnetret n

.naujut iapacnem nad kisnirtni isavitom sata nakadebid tapad isavitoM

irad lasareb gnay isavitom halada kisnirtni isavitoM .kisnirtske isavitom

gnay isavitom halada kisnirtske isavitom nakgnades ,udividni malad

irad lasareb udividni raul . D lebairav naitilenep kudni atad ira isavitom

rajaleb = hadneret roks iuhatekid , 02 = iggnitret roks , 55 , naem = 64 , 03 ,

naidem = 64 , sudom = 64 , isaived radnats = 6, .733 isavitom lebairav ataD

isireb gnay renoiseuk irad tapadid rajaleb 51 nagned ,naaynatrep ritub

.awsisaham 76 halmujreb nednopser 4 irad iridret naaynatrep paiteS

halada iggnitret roks nad 1 halada hadneret roks nagned nabawaj fitanretla

x 4( laedi iggnitret roks nakutnetid tapad naikimed nagneD .4 51 = 06 nad )

adneret roks x 1( h 51 = 51 idaj ,) 06 – 51 lavretni nakumetid akam 4 igabid

rasebes 11, 52 .

.5 lebaT 3 rajaleB isavitoM isneukerF isubirtsiD


1 00,51 - 42,62 hadner tagnaS 1 5.1 % 2 52,62 - 94,73 hadneR 3 5.4 % 3 05,73 - 47,84 iggniT 44 7.56 % 4 57,84 - 00,06 iggnit tagnaS 91 4.82 %

halmuJ 76 %001

rebmuS .3102 ,atad halo lisaH :


06

.5 lebat iraD 3 nakididnep awsisaham awhab nakkujnunem sata id

rajaleb isavitom gnay isnatnuka ayn hadner tagnas irogetak malad utiay

)%5.1( irogetak malad rajaleb isavitom , hadner ( utiay 4 isavitom ,)%5.

irogetak malad rajaleb iggnit ( 56 irogetak malad rajaleb isavitom nad ,)%7.

( utiay kiab tagnas 82 .4 .5 lebaT nakrasadreB .)% 3 nakataynid tapad

atar roks ikilimem rajaleb isavitom - rasebes atar 64 . 03 malad adareb gnay

( lavretni 05,73 - 47,84 uata ) irogetak malad iggnit naksalejnem ini laH .

tagnas idutS margorP awsisaham irad rajaleb isavitom ayniggnit

naktapadnem halet nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id hailuK ataM

.3 rajaleB nilpisiD

malad utiay utkaw halognem malad aynarac halada rajaleb nilpisiD

eb upmam kadit awsisaham gnaroeses nad ajrekeb nakhab niamreb ,rajal

uti nanilpisideK .supmak id ada gnay nanilpisidek nakanaskalem malad

nupanamiagab ,awsisaham nakaynabek helo nakiabaid gnadakret

awsisaham adapek inid hibel nakparetid surah utkaw nemejanam nagned

nad satisrevinu irad gnukudnem gnay isakinumok nad isamrofni aynada

.natukgnasreb gnay kahip lebairav naitilenep kudni atad iraD nilpisid

rajaleb = hadneret roks iuhatekid , 51 = iggnitret roks , 83 , naem = 92 , 15 ,

naidem = 03 , sudom = 53 , ived radnats isa = 4, 528 . nilpisid lebairav ataD

isireb gnay renoiseuk irad tapadid rajaleb 01 nagned ,naaynatrep ritub

halmujreb nednopser .awsisaham 76 4 irad iridret naaynatrep paiteS

halada iggnitret roks nad 1 halada hadneret roks nagned nabawaj fitanretla


16

gneD .4 x 4( laedi iggnitret roks nakutnetid tapad naikimed na 01 = 04 nad )

x 1( hadneret roks 01 = 01 idaj ,) 04 – 01 lavretni nakumetid akam 4 igabid

rasebes 7,5 .0

.5 lebaT 4 rajaleB nilpisiD isneukerF isubirtsiD


1 00,01 - 94,71 hadner tagnaS 1 5.1 % 2 05,71 - 99,42 hadneR 01 9.41 % 3 00,52 - 94,23 iggniT 53 2.25 % 4 05,23 - 00,04 iggnit tagnaS 12 3.13 %

halmuJ 76 %001

rebmuS .3102 ,atad halo lisaH :

.5 lebat iraD 4 awsisaham ada awhab nakkujnunem sata id

gnay isnatnuka nakididnep ikilimem tagnas irogetak malad rajaleb nilpisid

hadner )%5.1( utiay irogetak malad rajaleb nilpisid , hadner ( utiay 14.9 ,)%

5( kiab irogetak malad rajaleb nilpisid 2.2 rajaleb nilpisid nad ,)% malad

tagnas irogetak iggnit ( utiay 13 .3 .5 lebaT nakrasadreB .)% 4 tapad

atar roks ikilimem rajaleb nilpisid nakataynid - 2 rasebes atar 9. 15 gnay

( lavretni malad adareb 00,52 - 94,23 uata ) irogetak malad iggnit . ini laH

naksalejnem rajaleb nilpisid ayniggnit idutS margorP awsisaham irad

naktapadnem halet nad gnades gnay 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id hailuK ataM

.4 isatserP rajaleB

isatserP b rajale KPI ialin nagned nakkujnutid ini naitilenep malad

9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham irad


26

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id . rajaleb isatserp iuhategnem kutnu anamiD

em ini naitilenep renoiseuk malad id awsisaham kutnu nednopser atnim

malad KPI gnatner lebat halada ini tukireB .rihkaret KPI nakisignem

:)81:7002( isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP namodeP

.5 lebaT 5 rajaleB isatserP gnatneR

KPI ialiN irogetaK

05,3 – 00,4 67,2 – 94,3 00,2 - 57,2 00,1 - 99,1 00,0 – 99,0

tagnaS kiab kiaB

pukuC kiab gnaruK kiab

gnaruk tagnaS kiab

.5 lebaT 6 rajaleB isatserP isneukerF isubirtsiD

oN lavretnI irogetaK isneukerF isneukerF

fitaler

1 05,3 – 00,4 kiab tamA 11 61 %

2 67,2 – 94,3 kiaB 14 16 %

3 00,2 - 57,2 pukuC 21 81 %

4 00,1 - 99,1 gnaruK 3 5%

5 00,0 – 99,0 gnaruk tagnaS 0 0%

HALMUJ 76 %001

irad awhab tahil atik tapad sata id lebat nakrasadreB 76 nednopser

rajaleb isatserp iaynupmem gnay awsisaham ataynret kiab tama ada 11

1( gnaro 6 iaynupmem gnay nakgnadeS .)% rajaleb isatserp kiab ada 14

( gnaro 16 gnay awsisaham ,)% iaynupmem rajaleb isatserp pukuc ada 21


36

( gnaro 81 ada gnaruk rajaleb isatserp iaynupmem gnay awsisaham nad ,)%

3 ( gnaro 5 awsisaham ikilimid gnay rajaleb isatserp itrareb ini laH .)%

takgnit iaynupmem .naksaumem gnay nagnurednecek

B sisilanA . ataD

sisilanA atad iserger halada ini nasahabmep malad nakanugid gnay

iuhategnem kutnu hilipid ini ledoM .adnagreb reinil irad huragnep lebairav -

lebairav rajaleb nagnukgnil , rajaleb isavitom , rajaleb nilpisid nad kiab araces

natlumis nupuam laisrap padahret rajaleb isatserp adap margorP awsisaham

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS

atrakaygoY .

.1 naijugneP P nataraysre A sisilan

naijugneP .a N satilamro D ata

utaus malad iuhategnem kutnu sisilana halada satilamron ijU

iaynupmem aynaudek uata nednepedni nad nedneped lebairav ,iserger

atad isubirtsid alibapa halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM .lamron isubirtsid

u naujutreb satilamron ijU .lamron itakednem uata lamron ijugnem kutn

ikilimem laudiser uata uggnaggnep lebairav ,iserger ledom malad hakapa

ijU nakanuggnem ini naitilenep malaD .lamron isubirtsid enO - elpmaS

vorogomloK - tseT vonrimS nagned halada nasutupek nalibmagnep anamid ,

nakifingis satilibaborp akgna tahilem nagned satilamron iju lisaH .aynis

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS :tukireb iagabes halada


46

lebaT .5 7 satilamroN ijU lisaH

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

nagnukgniL)1X( rajaleB

isavitoM)2X( rajaleB

nilpisiD)3X( rajaleB

isatserP)Y( rajaleB

N 76 76 76 76 sretemaraP lamroN b,,a naeM 51079.2 461765680.3

0E01971 59.2 2599.2

.dtS noitaiveD

041806. 7002734224.23597

384. 21174.

emertxE tsoMsecnereffiD

etulosbA 441. 731. 390. 680. evitisoP 441. 111. 950. 740.

ageN evit - 890. - 731. - 390. - 680. vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 181.1 321.1 957. 007.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 321. 161. 216. 117. .lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a

.atad morf detaluclaC .b : rebmuS 3102 ,atad halo lisaH .

iju lisaH vonrimS vorogomloK lepmaS enO awhab nakkujnunem

satilibaborp ialin ikilimem ,ini naitilenep malad lebairav hurules

gnay lebairav hurules awhab aynitrA .50,0 irad raseb hibel nakifingis

isubirtsidreb gnay atad modnar ikilimem ini naitilenep malad nakanugid

.lamron

b atireiniL naijugneP . s

sabeb lebairav hakapa iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb satireinil ijU

nad kadit uata reinil nagnubuh iaynupmem takiret lebairav nagned

iserger sisilana aynnakanugid tarays nakapurem reinil gnay airetirK .

ay F ialin halada nareinilek nakataynem kutnu nakparetid helorepid gn

isnakifingis farat nagned lebat F ialin nagned nakisatlusnokid naidumek

nagnubuh akam lebat F nagned amas uata licek hibel gnutih F akij %5

satireinil iju lisaH .reinil lebairav adap lebairav rajaleb nagnukgnil

padahret rajaleb isatserp tukireb iagabes halada :


56

lebaT .5 8 satireiniL ijU lisaH

rajaleb nagnukgniL )1X( nagned )Y( rajaleb isatserP

elbaT AVONA

fd F

* )Y( rajaleB isatserP

rajaleB nagnukgniL

)1X(

spuorG neewteB )denibmoC( 61 247.1

ytiraeniL 1 963.11

ytiraeniL morf noitaiveD 51 001.1

spuorG nihtiW 05 .3102 ,atad halo lisaH : rebmuS

taid lebat nakrasadreB 1 rasebes fd ialin iuhatekid sa 5 aggnihes ,

F ialin aynraseb helorepid lebat F ialin nakanerakiD .345,4 rasebes gnutih gnay

F irad licek hibel helorepid lebat tapad akam ,)345,4 < 001,1( uata

aratna nagnubuh awhab naklupmisid padahret rajaleb nagnukgnil lebairav

.reinil halada rajaleb isatserp

.5 lebaT 9 satireiniL ijU lisaH

)2X( rajaleb isavitoM nagned isatserP rajaleB )Y(

elbaT AVONA

fd F

)Y( rajaleB isatserP

rajaleB isavitoM *

)2X(


L ytiraeni 1 840.91

ytiraeniL morf noitaiveD 61 430.1

spuorG nihtiW 94 rebmuS .3102 ,atad halo lisaH :


66

aggnihes ,61 rasebes fd ialin iuhatekid sataid lebat nakrasadreB


F irad licek hibel helorepid lebat tapad akam ,)494,4 < 430,1( uata

aratna nagnubuh awhab naklupmisid padahret rajaleb isavitom lebairav

.reinil halada rajaleb isatserp

.5 lebaT 01 satireiniL ijU lisaH

)3X( rajaleb nilpisiD nagned isatserP rajaleB Y( )

fd F

)Y( rajaleB isatserP

rajaleB nilpisiD *

)3X(


ytiraeniL 1 940.12

ytiraeniL morf noitaiveD 81 465.

spuorG nihtiW 74 rebmuS : 3102 ,atad halo lisaH .

taid lebat nakrasadreB 1 rasebes fd ialin iuhatekid sa 8 aggnihes ,


F irad licek hibel helorepid lebat apad akam ,)414,4 < 465,0( uata t

aratna nagnubuh awhab naklupmisid padahret rajaleb nilpisid lebairav

reinil halada rajaleb isatserp .

.2 lisaH isergeR reiniL adnagreB

nagreb reinil iserger sisilanA iuhategnem kutnu ini ad nagnubuh

lebairav utiay nednepedni lebairav aratna isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil

rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb nagned halada ini lah malad nedneped lebairav

rajaleb isatserp adap isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham


76

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna sisilana lisaH .

eb reinil iserger margorp nagned adnagr 71 SSPS 0. nakkujnutid tapad

adap itrepes 1.5 lebaT 1 :tukireb iagabes

1.5 lebaT 1

lisaH niL isergeR ei adnagreB r

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU

B rorrE .dtS

1 )tnatsnoC( 656. 793.

)1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL 881. 380.

)2X( rajaleB isavitoM 423. 431.

)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD 562. 421.

)Y( rajaleB isatserP :elbairaV tnednepeD .a rebmuS : 3102 ,atad halo lisaH .

.3 adnagreB reiniL isergeR naamasreP

dreB a nakras adnagreb reinil iserger nagnutihrep lisah gnay

nakkujnutid adap 1.5 lebaT 1 sata id halada ayniserger naamasrep akam ,

:tukireb iagabes

= Y 656,0 + 881,0 X 1 + 423,0 X 2 + ,0 562 X 3

4 . lisaH t ijU

kutnu naujutreb ini naijugneP aynkadit ada iuhategnem nagnubuh

aratna rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil araces

laisrap nagned rajaleb isatserp adap nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nagneD .

: tukireb iagabes naijugnep airetirk


86

- t alibapAh gnuti

≥ t lebat

akam kalonem H0 H amirenem nad

a y , itrareb gna

ada awhab nagnubuh nakifingis gnay ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil

rajaleb nilpisid nad laisrap araces nagned rajaleb isatserp adap awsisaham

2 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP atanaS satisrevinU 900

atrakaygoY amrahD

adap itrepes nakkujnutid tapad 0.71 SSPS margorp nagned t iju lisaH

1.5 lebaT 2 :tukireb iagabes

1.5 lebaT 2 lisaH t ijU

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM t .giS

1 )tnatsnoC( 356.1 301.

)1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL 062.2 720.

)2X( rajaleB isavitoM 024.2 810.

)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD 921.2 730.

)Y( rajaleB isatserP :elbairaV tnednepeD .a .3102 ,atad halo lisaH : rebmuS

.a nagnubuH rajaleb nagnukgnil nagned rajaleb isatserp adap awsisaham

atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP

atrakaygoY amrahD

aynkadit ada iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naijugneP

nagnubuh lebairav rajaleb nagnukgnil padahret rajaleb isatserp adap

ukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham 9002 natakgna isnatn

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU . nakrasadreB 1.5 lebaT 2 sata id

50,0 rasebes α isnakifingis nakanuggnem nagned nad


96

t ialin helorepid gnutih lebairav rajaleb nagnukgnil rasebes 062,2 ialin nad

t lebat = fd nagned (N- 76 = 2 - 56 = 2 ) rasebes ,1 966 ialin nakanerakiD .

t > gnutih t ( uata lebat 062,2 > ,1 966 amirenem nad oH kalonem akam ,)

aynitra gnay aH tapadret nagnubuh nakifingis gnay rajaleb nagnukgnil

nagned rajaleb isatserp isnakifingis takgnit uata .50,0 < 720,0 rasebes

nagnubuh ada nakataynem gnay amatrep sisetopih ,naikimed nagneD

itkubret awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb nagnukgnil aratna

.aynnaranebek

.b nagnubuH aratna rajaleb isavitom nagned rajaleb isatserp adap

tS margorP awsisaham 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idu

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

aynkadit ada iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naijugneP

nagnubuh lebairav rajaleb isavitom nagned rajaleb isatserp adap

9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

U atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevin nakrasadreB . 1.5 lebaT 2 sata id

( 50,0 rasebes α isnakifingis nakanuggnem nagned nad )%5 =

t ialin helorepid gnutih lebairav rajaleb isavitom rasebes 024,2 ialin nad

t lebat = fd nagned (N- = 2 76 - 56 = 2 ) rasebes ,1 966 t ialin nakanerakiD .

( uata lebat t > gnutih 024,2 > ,1 966 amirenem nad oH kalonem akam ,)

aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh tapadret aynitra gnay aH isavitom

rajaleb nagned rajaleb isatserp < 810,0 rasebes isnakifingis takgnit uata

.50,0 sisetopih ,naikimed nagneD audek ada nakataynem gnay

aratna nagnubuh isavitom awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned rajaleb

.aynnaranebek itkubret


07

.c H nagnubu aratna rajaleb nilpisid nagned rajaleb isatserp adap

9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

kutnu naujutreb ini naijugneP aynkadit ada iuhategnem

nagnubuh lebairav rajaleb nilpisid nagned rajaleb isatserp adap

A nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham 9002 natakgna isnatnuk

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakrasadreB . 1.5 lebaT 2 sata id

isnakifingis nakanuggnem nagned nad ialin helorepid 50,0 rasebes α

t gnutih lebairav rajaleb nilpisid rasebes 921,2 t ialin nad lebat nagned

( = fd N- 76 = 2 - 56 = 2 rasebes ) ,1 966 gnutih t ialin nakanerakiD .

> ( uata lebat t 921,2 > ,1 966 nem akam ,) kalo nem nad oH amire aH

tapadret aynitra gnay nagnubuh aratna nakifingis gnay rajaleb nilpisid

nagned rajaleb isatserp nakifingis takgnit uata .50,0 < 730,0 rasebes is

sisetopih ,naikimed nagneD agitek nagnubuh ada nakataynem gnay

aratna rajaleb nilpisid itkubret awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned

aynnaranebek .

5 . lisaH natlumiS ijU uata F ijU

lebairav hurules hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid ini naijugneP

/sabeb nednepedni /takiret lebairav ihuragnepmem natlumis araces .nedneped

ada awhab nakataynem ini sisetopiH nagnubuh natlumis araces nagnukgnil

rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagned rajaleb isatserp .

: tukireb iagabes naijugnep airetirk nagneD

- gnay aH kalonem nad oH amirenem itrareb ,lebat F < gnutih F ialiN


17

aynitra rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil araces

ihuragnepmem kadit natlumis rajaleb isatserp adap margorP awsisaham

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS

atrakaygoY .

adap itrepes nakkujnutid tapad 0.71 SSPS margorp nagned F iju lisaH

1.5 lebaT 3 :tukireb iagabes

1.5 lebaT 3 lisaH F ijU

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 934.5 3 318.1 004.21 000. a

laudiseR 012.9 36 641.

latoT 946.41 66

rajaleB isavitoM ,)1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL ,)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

)2X(

)Y( rajaleB isatserP :elbairaV tnednepeD .b .3102 ,atad halo lisaH : rebmuS

nakrasadreB 1.5 lebaT 3 sata id nakanuggnem nagned nad

F ialin helorepid 50,0 rasebes α isnakifingis gnutih rasebes 004,21 ialin nad

= fd nagned lebatF 36 rasebes 157,2 lebat F > gnutih F ialin nakanerakiD .

( uata 004,21 > 157,2 kalonem akam ,) aynitra gnay aH amirenem nad oH

eb nagnukgnil rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajal natlumis araces

ihuragnepmem rajaleb isatserp adap nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA .


27

6 . R( isanimreteD neisifeoK

2)

irad huragnep aynraseb iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid ini naijugneP

/sabeb lebairav hurules nednepedni lebairav padahret natlumis araces

/takiret nedneped utiay aynraseb nagnubuh nagnukgnil natlumis araces

ajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb rajaleb nilpisid nad ,r nagned p lisaH .rajaleb isatser

iju R( isanimreteD neisifeoK2) tapad 0.71 SSPS margorp nagned

1.5 lebaT adap itrepes nakkujnutid 4 :tukireb iagabes

1.5 lebaT 4 R( isanimreteD neisifeoK

2)

yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R

R detsujdA

erauqS

eht fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE

1 906. a 173. 143. 63283.

rajaleB nagnukgniL ,)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

)2X( rajaleB isavitoM ,)1X( .3102 ,atad halo lisaH : rebmuS

nakrasadreB 1.5 lebaT 4 n helorepid iali erauqs R detsujda gnay

rasebes helorepid 143,0 itrareb ini lah , p nahabure rajaleb isatserp adap

satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS ihuragnepid helo isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil

rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb adap idneP idutS margorP awsisaham nakid

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna isnatnukA rasebes

%1,43 rasebes aynasis nakgnadeS . 56 ,9 aynnial lebairav helo ihuragnepid %

ini naitilenep ledom raul id .


37

C nasahabmeP .

whab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH tapadret a nagnubuh gnay

nakifingis rajaleb nagnukgnil nagned rajaleb isatserp naksalejnem ini laH .

awhab nagned gnukudid surah kiab gnay narajalebmep isatserp utaus malad id

nagned rajaleb tapad awsisaham naklamiskamem kutnu kiab gnay nagnukgnil

isavitom .gnanet nad namayn awsisaham irid malad irad tauk gnay rajaleb .

rajaleb nagnukgniL d kiab gnay malad tagnames naktakgninem tapad nakparahi

gnaroeses taubmem tapad agraulek nagnukgniL .rajaleb isatserp hiarem

nagned taked gnilap gnay nagnukgnil anerak rajaleb kutnu isavitomret irid

nad gnanet asarem naka gnaroeses agraulek nagnukgnil malaD .gnaroeses

taubmem tapad aguj ipatet nijar gnaroeses taubmem tapad aguj nad iamad

.rajaleb isatserp hiarem malad tagnamesreb kadit idajnem gnaroeses

itka gnaruk aut gnaro kahip irad aynhotnoC aynkana nagned naitahrep uata f

hadus aynkana awhab napaggnareb aut gnaro ,rajaleb isawagnem malad

hadus nad asawed .iridnes rajaleb asib nad supmak nagnukgnil alup naikimeD

taubmem tapad aguj takaraysam nad supmak nagnukgnil ,takaraysam

gnaroeses tapad uata .rajaleb malad isavitomret kadit aynhotnoC halada

kiab aynsatilauk gnay rajagnep arap nad kiab gnay supmak nagnukgnil malad

awsisaham adap narajalep nakiapmaynem nad nakirebmem akam hadum naka

awsisaham arap helo imahapid . dnep nagned nalajes ini laH ,hayitseoR( tapa

itrepes agraulek nagnukgnil awhab nakataynem gnay ,)951 :2891 arac

imonoke laisos naaadaek ,aut gnaro naitregnep ,agraulek anasaus ,kididnem

gnakaleb ratal nad ,agraulek naayadubek gnay rajaleb sesorp ihuragnepmem

serp padahret huragnepreb rajaleb isat .


47

isubirtnok nakirebmem rajaleb isavitom nakataynem naitilenep lisaH

isavitom aggniheS .awsis rajaleb isatserp aynnagnubuh malad nakifingis gnay

iaynupmem nad gnaroeses napudihek malad gnitnep gnay narep nakniamem

savitoM .raseb gnay kapmad irid adap lubmit gnay nagnorod nakapurem i

lisah iapacnem kutnu nakadnit utaus nakukalem kutnu radas araces gnaroeses

rajaleb isavitom iaynupmem awsis aggnihes ,ikadnehekid gnay naujut uata

huggnusreb naka iggnit gnay - .rajaleb malad huggnus ajaleb isavitoM r

gnay awsisaham rajaleb isatserp nagned nagnubuhreb tagnas gnaroeses

iaynupmem nad tagnames iaynupmem gnay awsisaham anerak ,ayniapacid

nad iggnit gnay isatserp utaus naklisahgnem naka rajaleb malad iggnit isavitom

aujut nakrasadreb aynlisah iapacnem naka gnisam n - gnaro aynkilabeS .gnisam

kutnu isavitom iaynupmem kadit ipatet takab iaynupmem nad iadnap gnay

nagneD .iggnit gnay rajaleb isatserp naklisahgnem naka kadit rajaleb

naklisahgnem naka iggnit gnay isavitom iaynupmem gnay awsisham naikimed

y isatserp .alup iggnit gna

kaF utiay agitek rot ajrek nilpisid reb adahret nakifingis huragnep p

rajaleb isatserp . awhab naksalejnem ini laH pakis ikilimem gnay awsisaham

aynhotnoC .alup iggnit gnay isatserp naklisahgnem naka iggnit gnay nilpisid

nad kiab nagned nesod irad sagut nakanaskalem gnires gnay awsisaham halada

rajaleb itukignem malad ridah ulales nad solobmem hanrep kadit ,utkaw tapet

lisah naklisahgnem naka nakukalid gnay nanilpisidek pakis nagneD .rajagnem

isatserp nad naknigniid gnay ialin naktapadnem itrepes iapacid naka gnay

kadit ,kusam kadit gnires gnay awsisaham akiJ .takgninem naka rajaleb

lupmukid naka gnay sagut nakajregnem pakis taubmem naka ayniagabes nad

hadner idajnem awsisaham nilpisid . kutnu gnaroeses ucamem nanilpisideK


57

tagnas nanilpisidek awsisaham igab amaturet ,naseskusek hiarem asib

nagned lanekid uata kiab nagned utkaw halognem malad igalapa nakhutubid

nemejanam .utkaw

greb reinil iserger sisilana lisaH aynada nakkujnunem adna nagnubuh

lebairav irad nakifingis gnay nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil

rajaleb natlumis araces nagned rajaleb isatserp adap idutS margorP awsisaham

na isnatnukA nakididneP atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakg .

itrareb ini laH rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajaleb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil halet

naktakgninem malad nakifingis gnay isubirtnok nakirebmem upmam isatserp

rajaleb igab adap natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 .


67

V BAB I

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

gnatnet nasahabmep nad sisilana lisah nakrasadreB nagnubuh

eb isavitom ,rajaleb nagnukgnil rajaleb nilpisid nad ,rajal isatserp nagned

rajaleb adap 9002 natakgna isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU tid tapad akam , nalupmisek kira

tukireb iagabes :

.1 lebairaV rajaleb nagnukgnil iaynupmem nagnubuh nakifingis gnay nagned


atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna . nagnutihrep lisaH

nakkujnunem akitsitats t ialin helorepid gnutih rajaleb nagnukgnil lebairav

in nad 062,2 rasebes t ial lebat = fd nagned N( - 76 = 2 - ,1 rasebes )56 = 2 966 .

ialin nakanerakiD nutih t ,1 > 062,2( uata lebat t > g 966 kalonem akam ,)

tapadret aynitra gnay aH amirenem nad oH nagnubuh nakifingis gnay

rajaleb nagnukgnil rajaleb isatserp nagned fingis takgnit uata rasebes isnaki

.50,0 < 720,0

.2 lebairaV rajaleb isavitom iaynupmem nagnubuh nakifingis gnay nagned



nakkujnunem akitsitats t ialin helorepid gnutih rajaleb isavitom lebairav

t ialin nad 024,2 rasebes lebat = fd nagned N( - 76 = 2 - ,1 rasebes )56 = 2 966 .


77

nutih t ialin nakanerakiD ,1 > 024,2( uata lebat t > g 966 kalonem akam ,)

nakifingis gnay nagnubuh tapadret aynitra gnay aH amirenem nad oH

rajaleb isavitom aratna rajaleb isatserp nagned isnakifingis takgnit uata

.50,0 < 810,0 rasebes

.3 lebairaV rajaleb nilpisid iaynupmem nagnubuh nakifingis gnay nagned

satserp rajaleb i adap isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham


nakkujnunem akitsitats t ialin helorepid gnutih rajaleb nilpisid lebairav

t ialin nad 921,2 rasebes lebat nagned N( = fd - 76 = 2 - rasebes )56 = 2 ,1 966 .

uata lebat t > gnutih t ialin nakanerakiD ,1 > 921,2( 966 nem akam ,) kalo

nem nad oH amire tapadret aynitra gnay aH nagnubuh nakifingis gnay

rajaleb nilpisid aratna rajaleb isatserp nagned isnakifingis takgnit uata

50,0 < 730,0 rasebes .

.B nasatabreteK P naitilene

b iradaynem siluneP naitilenep nakukalem malad awha naijaynep nad

.nasatabretek ikilimem naitilenep lisah k idajnem gnay nasatabreteK aladne

nial aratna silunep igab :

.1 narujujkaditek kacalem tapad kadit siluneP aham bawajnem malad awsis

.renoiseuk akiJ ,rujuj kadit bawajnem nednopser ataynret lisah akam

rebmem kadit utnet ini naitilenep fitkeybo gnay narabmag naki .

.2 .gnaruk hisam gnay silunep nauhategnep nasatabreteK


87

.3 utkaw nasatabreteK naitilenep malad ep aggnihes tapad aynah itilen

itilenem awsisaham naigabes isnatnukA nakididneP idutS margorP

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU 9002 natakgna gnaro 08 latot irad

awsisaham .

.C naraS - naras

.1 sadreB naijugnep lisah nakra amatrep gnay nagnubuh aynada nakujnutid ,

isop nakifingis nad fit awsisaham rajaleb nagnukgnil nagned isatserp

wsisaham rajaleb nakatpicnem tapad awsisaham raga naknarasid akam ,a

namayn nad fisudnok anasaus kiabes nagned - nakatpicneM .aynkiab

fisudnok anasaus arac nagned tubesret namayn nad :

.a kigneM narutarep nad takaraysam rajaleb maj itu - halet gnay narutarep

nakpatetid .

.b sarek araces rajaleb maj adap isivelet uata kisum ratumem kadiT .

.c rajaleb maj taas hudag anasaus taubmem kadiT .

.2 aynada nakujnutid ,audek gnay naijugnep lisah nakrasadreB nagnubuh

isop rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitom nakifinigis nad fit

naknarasid akam ,awsisaham nagnorod nakirebmem tapad aut gnaro raga

.rajaleb malad tagnames iaynupmem raga isavitom naktikgnabmem nad

.3 nakrasadreB gnay naijugnep lisah agitek aynada nakujnutid , nagnubuh

isop rajaleb isatserp nagned awsisaham rajaleb isavitom nakifinigis nad fit

naknarasid akam ,awsisaham raga kis iaynupmem awsisaham paites pa

itrepes iggnit gnay nilpisid :


97

.a kutnetid hadus gnay lawdaj nagned iauses rajaleB na .

.b sagut nakiaseleyneM .utkaw tapet nesod irad hailuk

.c supmakid ada gnay bitret atat nad narutarep itaaneM .


08

AKATSUP RATFAD

7002 . nakididneP idutS margorP namodeP ukuB A atanaS satisrevinU isnatnuk

atrakaygoY amrahD .

.6991 .normI ,A narajalebmeP nad rajaleB . atrakaJ ayaJ akatsuP ainuD :

.K rovI ,seivaD rajaleB naalolegneP . 7891 .atrakaJ ,sreP ilawajaR

.) 2002 ( .mamI ,ilazohG SSPS margorP tairavitluM sisilanA isakilpA . gnarameS : orogenopiD satisrevinU tibreneP nadaB

.0991 .notnA ,onoyluM sumaK aisenodnI asahaB raseB atrakaJ . akatsuP ialaB :

,,anajduS anaN rajagneM rajaleB sesorP naialineP .gnudnaB ,ayrakadsoR ajameR , 0991

.2891 .hayitseoR halasaM - naurugeK umlI halasam . atrakaJ .araskA aniB .TP :

.anajduS .5991 akitsitatS adoteM gnudnaB . .otisraT :

8002 .onoyiguS . sinsiB naitileneP edoteM gnudnaB . atebaflA VC :

.7891 .S.W ,lekniW narajagneP igolokisP atrakaJ . : TP .aidemarG

( isinifed/60/2102/moc.topsgolb.racnumap//:ptth - narep - nad - isgnuf - lmth.awsisaham )

di.ca.dsu.www : supmak etisbeW


18

1 NARIPMAL naitileneP renoiseuK


28

RENOISEUK NAAJREGNEP KUJNUTEP

4 irad iridret ini renoiseuK : naigab

I naigaB : nednopseR satitnedI

II naigaB awsisahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL :

III naigaB awsisahaM rajaleB isavitoM :

VI naigaB awsisahaM rajaleB nilpisiD :

I NAIGAB nednopseR satitnedI :

II NAIGAB awsisahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL :

! naajregnep kujnuteP

p halbawaJ naaynatre - ini hawab id naaynatrep gnay araduas naadaek nagned

ay nabawaj naigab adap )X( adnat irebmem nagned ,aynranebes aidesret hadus gn

.aynhawab id

III NAIGAB vitoM : a awsisahaM rajaleB is


naaynatrep halbawaJ - gnay araduas naadaek nagned ini hawab id naaynatrep

aidesret halet gnay nabawaj naigab adap )X( adnat irebmem nagned ,aynranebes

ep gnipmas id : nabawaj fitanretla nagned naataynr

.a ulaleS gnadaK .c - gnadak

.b gnireS hanreP kadiT .d

VI NAIGAB awsisahaM rajaleB nilpisiD :


naaynatrep halbawaJ - s naadaek nagned ini hawab id naaynatrep gnay aradua

aidesret halet gnay nabawaj naigab adap )X( adnat irebmem nagned ,aynranebes

: nabawaj fitanretla nagned naataynrep gnipmas id

.c ulaleS gnadaK .c - gnadak

.d gnireS hanreP kadiT .d


38

I NAIGAB

NEDNOPSER SATITNEDI

amaN awsisahaM : ................................ ...........................

awsisahaM MIN : ................................ ...........................

gnarakes KPI : ................................ ...........................

II NAIGAB

AWSISAHAM RAJALEB NAGNUKGNIL

.1 anam iD rajaleb kutnu susuhk tapmet hamur id taas adap adna ?

.a rajaleb kutnu susuhk nagnauR

.b umat gnauR

.c rudit ramaK

.d rajaleb kutnu tapmet ada kadiT

.2 ek anamiagaB n namay hamur id rajaleb tapmet na ?adna

.a ada anerak namayn tagnaS rajaleb malad ayas gnukudnem gnay satilisaf

.b asaiB - law ajas asaib a pakgnel utigeb kadit satilisaf nupu

.c nerak namayn kadiT as tapmet a aleb ay sanap ,tipmes raj

.d namayn kadit tagnaS iamar ,hisreb gnaruk ayntapmet anerak

.3 ?adna agraulek atoggna nagned adna nagnubuh anamiagaB

.a tagnames iaynupmem asarem ayas taubmem aggnihes kiab nilajret tagnaS

hamur id akij rajaleb

.b nupualaw kiab nilajreT gnadak - atoggna aratna nahisilesrep idajret gnadak

rajaleb malad ayas uggnaggnem kadit ipatet ,agraulek

.c kadit ayas taubmem aggnihes ,ayas nakitahrepmem kadit aut gnarO

hamur id rajaleb namayn

.d gnay agraulekid adareb ayas anerak ,naknasobmem tagnaS korb emoh ne

.4 adna aut gnaro helo taubid gnay rajaleb maj aynada nagned anamiagaB uata

takaraysam irad narutarep ?

.a rajaleb malad utnabmem tagnaS


48

.b ayas niamreb utkaw nagned ayas rajaleb utkaw rutagnem asib ayaS

.c ayas naakusek VT araca tahilem asib kadit anerak nasob ayas taubmeM

.d nalaj utkaw anerak naknasobmem tagnaS - gnarukreb idajnem ayas nalaj

.5 rajaleb nagnukgnil anamiagaB dap a rajaleb adna taas supmakid ?

.a tagnaS ,namayn bmem aggnihes gnaret ,saul ,hisreb rajaleb kutnu ayas utna

.b asaiB - namayn gnaruk hisam gnay tapmet naigabes ada anerak ajas asaib

.c nakatnareb gnay tapmet isis ada hisam anerak namayn gnaruK

.d uata ayar nalaj nagned taked ayntapmet anerak namayn kadit tagnaS

agraw hamur

.6 apA aut gnaro hak ?adna rajaleb lisah uatnamem adna

.a id ulales ayas rajaleb lisaH aut gnaro helo uatnap ayas

.b aut gnarO ayas rajaleb lisah uatnamem taas paites kadit

.c aut gnarO ayas rajaleb lisah uatnamem gnaraj tagnas

.d aut gnarO h uatnamem hanrep kadit ayas rajaleb lisa

.7 naasaibek hakapA - as naasaibek aradu - namet uata adna araduas - adna namet

d adna taubmem rajaleb mala kutnu turut ?rajaleb nijar

.a anerak ,ayas ihuragnepmem tagnaS utnabmem rajaleb lah malad

.b utnu gnorodret ayas anerak ,ayas ihuragnepmeM rajaleb k

.c asaiB - sagut radekes aynah rajaleb anerak ,ajas asaib

.d iridnes rajaleb asaibret ayas anerak ,ayas ihuragnepmem kadit tagnaS

.8 ebid surah rajaleb adna paites hakapA aut gnaro helo uhatir ?

.a T ulales ayas anerak ,hanrep kadi aleb maj itukignem raj

.b ayas rajaleb sagut nakialalem gnaraj ayas anerak ,gnaraJ

.c gnadaK - ayas itah anasaus itukignem rajaleb ayas anerak ,gnadak

.d rajaleb salam ayas anerak ,ulaleS


58

III NAIGAB

AWSISAHAM RAJALEB ISAVITOM

.ON NAATAYNREP FITANRETLA S RS KK PT

1 lisah iapacnem kutnu sarek ahasureb adnAnaksaumem gnay rajaleb

2 malad natilusek iumenem adna akiJ

laos nakhacemem - a adna ,laos naknamet nagned nakisuksidnem - namet

3 laos nakhacemem lisahreb kadit adna akiJ -

aynatreb naka adna ,namet amasreb laos adapek nesod

4 nagned irid nakiauseynem ahasureb adnAadna ratikes nagnukgnil

5 malad atres tuki kutnu ahasureb adnAid ada gnay nataigek supmak

6 supmak kusam kadit adna akiJ adna , namet adapek aynatreb kutnu ahasureb

7 sagut adap nasob asarem adnA - gnay sagut helo nakirebid nesod

8

gnay nagnalu ialin tapadnem adna akiJ naka adna ,adna namet irad hadner hibel

ikiabrepmem ahasureb nad rajaleb aracrajaleb taig hibel

9 nesod helo nakirebid gnay saguT tapad gnay nagnatnat nakapurem

adna rajaleb tagnames gnorodnem

01 naajrekep nakajregnem ahasureb adnAadna naupmamek nagned iauses hamur

11 gnay narajalep atam irajalepmem adnAkoseb sahabid naka

21 akij rajaleb kutnu tagnames kadit adnA gnukudnem kadit rajaleb tapmet anasaus

rajaleb sesorp

31 ay rajaleb utkaw nakanuggnem adnA gn helo nakutnetid hadus agraulek

41 kadit adna akij awecek asarem naka adnArajaleb malad lisahreb

51 akij irid ayacrep gnaruk asarem adnA malad nial gnaro nagned gniasreb surah

rajaleb


68

VI NAIGAB

NILPISID AWSISAHAM RAJALEB

.ON NAATAYNREP FITANRETLA S RS KK PT

1 gnay sagut nakiaseleynem ahasureb ayaSkiabes nagned nesod nakirebid - ?aynkiab

2 narutagnep nagned iauses rajaleb ayaS?kiab araces napaisrep nad ,maj ,lawdaj

3 narajalep atam nahab irajalepmem ayaS?irah kose kutnu

4 bitret atat itaanem nad itukignem taat ayaS?salekid

5 gnay narajalep nakitahrepmem ayaS

lah tatacnem nad aynnesod naksalejid - lah?gnitnep gnay

6 ?iridnes ayas nauamek sata rajaleb ayaS

7 uggnaggnem kadit kutnu ahasureb ayaSgnusgnalreb salek id narajalep taas namet

8 naajrekep adnunem akus hibel ayaS?hamur

9 supmak ek gnatad ayaS ulales kadit?tabmalret

01 mokreb ulales ayaS alibapa isakinu

natilusek imalagnem - malad natilusek?rajaleb


78

NARIPMAL 2 satilibaileR nad satidilaV naijugneP kutnu ataD


88

satilibaileR nad satidilaV aboC ijU ataD naripmaL

.1 rajaleB nagnukgniL

oN )1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL

1.1X 2.1X 3.1X 4.1X 5.1X 6.1X 7.1X 8.1X 1XtoT 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 52 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 72 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 02 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 02 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 03 6 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 02 7 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 13 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 13 9 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 52 01 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 82 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 03 21 4 3 2 3 2 4 4 3 52 31 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 82 41 3 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 22 51 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 81 61 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 71 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 03 81 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 91 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 3 52 02 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 92 12 4 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 72 22 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 42 32 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 92 42 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 52


98

52 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 82 62 2 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 42 72 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 82 82 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 72 92 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 62 03 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 03

201 101 201 59 89 101 101 69

.2 rajaleB isavitoM

nednopseR )2X( rajaleB isavitoM

1.2X 2.2X 3.2X 4.2X 5.2X 6.2X 7.2X 8.2X 9.2X 01.2X 11.2X 21.2X 31.2X 41.2X 51.2X 2XtoT

1 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 75 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 54 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 35 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 54 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 74 6 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 55 7 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 73 8 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 35 9 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 74 01 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 2 4 45 11 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 93 21 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 34 31 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 43 41 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 54 51 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 15


09

61 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 84 71 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 74 81 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 54 91 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 95 02 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 64 12 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 05 22 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 74 32 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 94 42 3 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 64 52 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 54 62 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 83 72 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 54 82 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 2 3 84 92 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 83 03 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 14

001 59 09 99 101 99 98 49 49 19 38 09 29 98 19


19

.3 ajreK nilpisiD

nednopseR 3X( rajaleB nilpisiD )

1.3X 2.3X 3.3X 4.3X 5.3X 6.3X 7.3X 8.3X 9.3X 01.3X 3XtoT 1 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 53 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 92 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 93 5 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 52 6 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 43 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 03 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 73 9 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 92 01 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 33 11 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 62 21 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 92 31 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 33 41 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 51 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 23 61 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 71 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 53 81 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 13 91 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 63 02 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 03 12 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 3 3 43 22 3 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 13


29

32 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 91 42 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 13 52 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 82 62 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 51 72 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 82 82 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 72 92 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 73 03 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 52

88 09 39 98 19 59 49 39 09 29 519


39

NARIPMAL 3 satilibaileR nad satidilaV naijugneP


49

SATIDILAV IJU NARIPMAL SATILIBAILER NAD .1 rajaleB nagnukgniL

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %

sesaC dilaV 03 0.001

dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 03 0.001

.a eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL

.erudecorp

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

s'hcabnorC

ahplA

s'hcabnorC

no desaB ahplA

dezidradnatS

smetI smetI fo N

708. 808. 8

scitsitatS metI

naeM noitaiveD .dtS N

1X 04.3 576. 03

2X 73.3 516. 03

3X 04.3 576. 03

4X 71.3 197. 03

5X 72.3 587. 03

6X 73.3 567. 03

7X 73.3 817. 03

8X 02.3 167. 03


59

scitsitatS metI yrammuS

naeM muminiM mumixaM egnaR

/ mumixaM

muminiM ecnairaV

fo N

smetI

snaeM metI 713.3 761.3 004.3 332. 470.1 900. 8

secnairaV metI 625. 873. 626. 842. 756.1 800. 8

retnI - secnairavoC metI 181. 120. 833. 713. 333.61 900. 8

retnI - snoitalerroC metI 443. 340. 946. 706. 412.51 030. 8

metI - scitsitatS latoT

fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1X 31.32 319.11 124. 313. 997.

2X 71.32 613.11 636. 456. 177.

3X 31.32 607.11 964. 725. 297.

4X 73.32 628.9 187. 956. 147.

5X 72.32 861.11 584. 555. 197.

6X 71.32 325.11 724. 933. 008.

7X 71.32 868.11 293. 945. 308.

8X 33.32 158.01 875. 775. 677.

scitsitatS elacS

naeM ecnairaV noitaiveD .dtS smetI fo N

35.62 623.41 587.3 8


69

.2 rajaleB isavitoM yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 03 0.001

eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp


s'hcabnorC

ahplA

s'hcabnorC

no desaB ahplA

dezidradnatS

smetI smetI fo N

098. 988. 51

scitsitatS metI


1X 33.3 166. 03

2X 71.3 996. 03

3X 00.3 785. 03

4X 03.3 695. 03

5X 73.3 094. 03

6X 03.3 695. 03

7X 79.2 655. 03

8X 31.3 175. 03

9X 31.3 926. 03

01X 30.3 655. 03

11X 77.2 626. 03

21X 00.3 347. 03

31X 70.3 196. 03

41X 79.2 817. 03

51X 30.3 817. 03


79



/ mumixaM

muminiM ecnairaV

fo N

smetI

snaeM metI 401.3 767.2 763.3 006. 712.1 820. 51

secnairaV metI 104. 042. 255. 113. 792.2 900. 51

retnI - secnairavoC metI 041. - 320. 333. 653. - 005.41 600. 51

retnI - snoitalerroC metI 943. - 170. 107. 277. - 478.9 230. 51


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

ahplA s'hcabnorC

deteleD metI fi

1X 32.34 740.23 393. 187. 988.

2X 04.34 011.03 926. 858. 978.

3X 75.34 048.92 718. 508. 278.

4X 72.34 030.13 906. 038. 088.

5X 02.34 399.23 983. 746. 888.

6X 72.34 315.13 235. 807. 488.

7X 06.34 667.13 535. 017. 388.

8X 34.34 022.13 806. 537. 188.

9X 34.34 048.13 054. 427. 788.

01X 35.34 593.23 034. 755. 788.

11X 08.34 257.13 564. 766. 688.

21X 75.34 594.92 766. 267. 778.

31X 05.34 548.92 576. 617. 778.

41X 06.34 395.03 345. 118. 388.

51X 35.34 021.03 806. 918. 088.

scitsitatS elacS


75.64 624.53 259.5 51


89

.3 rajaleB nilpisiD

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 03 0.001

eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp


s'hcabnorC

ahplA

s'hcabnorC

no desaB ahplA

dezidradnatS

smetI smetI fo N

988. 988. 01

scitsitatS metI


1X 39.2 587. 03

2X 00.3 347. 03

3X 01.3 957. 03

4X 79.2 817. 03

5X 30.3 567. 03

6X 71.3 747. 03

7X 31.3 918. 03

8X 01.3 845. 03

9X 00.3 785. 03

01X 70.3 047. 03


99



/ mumixaM

muminiM ecnairaV

fo N

smetI

snaeM metI 050.3 339.2 761.3 332. 080.1 600. 01

secnairaV metI 725. 003. 176. 173. 832.2 310. 01

retnI - secnairavoC metI 432. 000. 124. 124. 02E000.1 800. 01

retnI - snoitalerroC metI 444. 000. 017. 017. 02E000.1 120. 01


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

ahplA s'hcabnorC

deteleD metI fi

1X 75.72 452.02 277. 686. 768.

2X 05.72 018.02 337. 196. 078.

3X 04.72 670.12 176. 766. 578.

4X 35.72 163.12 076. 077. 578.

5X 74.72 736.12 775. 885. 288.

6X 33.72 591.12 566. 755. 578.

7X 73.72 155.12 045. 434. 588.

8X 04.72 968.22 306. 535. 188.

9X 05.72 707.32 893. 195. 198.

01X 34.72 624.12 636. 886. 778.

scitsitatS elacS


05.03 823.62 131.5 01


001

NARIPMAL 4 naitileneP ataD isalubaT


101

rajaleB nagnukgniL kudnI ataD

oN )1X( rajaleB nagnukgniL 1.1X 2.1X 3.1X 4.1X 5.1X 6.1X 7.1X 8.1X 1XtoT

1 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 12 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 91 3 4 2 4 3 4 2 4 3 62 4 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 91 5 3 3 4 2 3 4 2 2 32 6 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 12 7 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 02 8 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 61 9 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 22 01 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 81 11 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 22 21 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 71 31 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 12 41 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 81 51 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 72 61 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 32 71 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 91 81 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 12 91 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 81 02 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 22 12 2 2 4 1 3 2 4 3 12 22 2 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 02 32 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 22 42 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 72 52 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 41 62 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 91 72 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 71 82 3 2 4 2 3 1 3 3 12 92 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 82 03 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 92 13 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 03 23 3 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 22 33 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 02 43 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 02 53 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 72 63 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 03 73 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 12 83 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 41 93 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 92 04 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 13 14 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 92 24 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 4 12 34 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 03 44 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 62


201

54 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 03 64 4 4 2 3 2 4 4 4 72 74 2 4 1 3 2 3 3 3 12 84 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 92 94 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 02 05 3 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 32 15 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 91 25 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 03 35 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 45 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 55 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 62 65 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 75 2 4 3 3 1 3 3 4 32 85 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 82 95 3 4 4 3 4 3 2 2 52 06 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 82 16 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 62 26 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 92 36 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 32 46 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 56 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 12 66 4 2 3 4 2 3 2 3 32 76 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23


301

rajaleB isavitoM kudnI ataD

No )2X( rajaleB isavitoM

.2X1

.2X2

.2X3

.2X4

.2X5

.2X6

.2X7

.2X8

.2X9

1.2X0

1.2X1

1.2X2

1.2X3

1.2X4

1.2X5

toT2X

1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 34 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 34 3 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 84 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 64 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 45 6 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 43 7 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 54 8 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 04 9 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 15 01 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 93 11 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 44 21 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 54 31 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 64 41 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 64 51 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 13 61 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 64 71 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 64 81 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 13 91 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 02 02 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 4 45 12 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 22 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 64 32 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 84 42 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 3 2 44 52 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 84 62 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 84 72 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 64 82 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 34 92 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 34 03 4 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 34 13 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 84 23 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 55 33 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 84 43 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 15 53 3 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 35 63 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 64 73 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 84 83 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 55 93 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 04


401

04 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 44 14 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 14 24 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 54 34 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 74 44 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 25 54 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 74 64 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 34 74 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 94 84 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 44 94 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 14 05 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 64 15 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 15 25 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 35 35 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 64 45 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 84 55 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 55 65 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 84 75 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 34 85 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 45 95 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 45 06 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 74 16 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 74 26 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 14 36 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 25 46 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 55 56 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 45 66 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 45 76 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 55


501

rajaleB nilpsisiD kudnI ataD

oN )3X( rajaleB nilpisiD 1.3X 2.3X 3.3X 4.3X 5.3X 6.3X 7.3X 8.3X 9.3X 01.3X 3XtoT 1 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 03 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 3 4 43 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 23 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 92 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 33 6 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 51 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 23 8 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 81 9 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 2 03 01 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 62 11 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 02 21 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 23 31 4 4 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 72 41 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 51 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 42 61 3 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 42 71 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 43 81 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 72 91 4 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 42 02 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 42 12 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 13 22 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 42 32 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 92 42 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 13 52 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 62 62 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 52 72 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 52 82 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 52 92 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 43 03 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 53 13 4 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 82 23 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 53 33 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 92 43 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 33 53 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 53 63 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 72 73 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 13 83 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 03 93 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 3 4 4 82 04 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 03 14 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 43


601

24 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 72 34 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 53 44 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 92 54 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 43 64 4 4 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 92 74 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 13 84 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 53 94 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 32 05 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 72 15 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 23 25 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 53 35 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 82 45 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 92 55 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 63 65 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 03 75 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 62 85 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 83 95 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 53 06 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 82 16 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 82 26 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 32 36 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 33 46 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 63 56 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 73 66 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 53 76 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 63


701

isatserP kudnI ataD rajaleB

oN isatserP rajaleB

)Y( 1 26.2 2 25.2 3 55.3 4 95.1 5 43.3 6 07.1 7 97.3 8 96.2 9 41.3 01 95.2 11 21.2 21 58.2 31 52.3 41 30.3 51 08.2 61 79.2 71 61.3 81 49.2 91 38.1 02 07.2 12 06.2 22 26.2 32 79.2 42 38.2 52 48.2 62 76.2 72 11.3 82 78.2 92 08.2 03 02.3 13 88.2 23 50.3 33 84.3

43 77.2 53 40.3 63 63.3 73 88.2 83 76.3 93 40.3 04 50.3 14 27.3 24 67.2 34 63.3 44 24.3 54 64.3 64 75.3 74 41.3 84 21.3 94 19.2 05 15.2 15 71.2 25 66.3 35 75.3 45 08.2 55 81.3 65 58.2 75 84.2 85 06.3 95 22.3 06 39.2 16 12.3 26 79.2 36 27.3 46 76.3 56 88.2 66 16.3 76 82.3


801

NARIPMAL 5 niL nad satilamroN naijugneP i rae sati


901

satilamroN ijU

awsisahaM rajaleB nagnukgniL

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS nagnukgniL

rajaleBawsisahaM

N 76 sretemaraP lamroN a naeM 5107.92

noitaiveD .dtS 04180.6 emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD etulosbA 441.

evitisoP 441. evitageN - 89,0.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 181.1 2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 321.

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a

isavitoM rajaleB awsisahaM

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS rajaleB isavitoM

awsisahaM N 76

sretemaraP lamroN a naeM 971461765680.3 noitaiveD .dtS 5977000273422.4


etulosbA 731. evitisoP 111. evitageN - 731.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 321.1. 2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 161.



011

nilpisiD rajaleB awsisahaM

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS nilpisiD rajaleb

awsisahaM N 76

sretemaraP lamroN a naeM 59.2 noitaiveD .dtS 384.


etulosbA 390. evitisoP 950. evitageN - 390.

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111

satiraeiniL ijU

elbaT AVONA

fo muS

serauqS fd

naeM

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* )Y( rajaleB isatserP

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ytiraeniL 931.2 1 931.2 963.11 100.

morf noitaiveD

ytiraeniL

401.3 51 702. 001.1 183.

spuorG nihtiW 604.9 05 881.

latoT 946.41 66

elbaT AVONA

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naeM

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P * )Y( rajaleB isatser

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morf noitaiveD

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211

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latoT 946.41 66


311

NARIPMAL 6 adnagreB reiniL isergeR ijU


411

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noissergeR

devomeR/deretnE selbairaV

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selbairaV

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1 rajaleB nilpisiD

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rajaleB nagnukgniL ,)3X( rajaleB nilpisiD ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

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AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 934.5 3 318.1 004.21 000. a

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511

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611

NARIPMAL 7 T ,R lebaT , F


711

T )tnemoM tcudorP nosraeP( r leba

2 nad isis 1 ijU ,0 isnakifingis farat adap isis 50

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811

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)52,0( isiS 2 nad )50,0( isiS 1

fD isnakifingiS Df

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