Diapositive 1Détermination et analyse des vulnérabilités du Nunavik en fonction des composantes environnementales et des processus physiques naturels liés au climat
Michel Allard, Emmanuel L’Hérault, Sarah Aubé-Michaud, Antoine Boisson, Denis Sarrazin et Carl Barrette
Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval
« Natural Hazards and climate in Nunavik »
Kuujjuaq, 19 April 2018
Natural hazards are risks that can occur under given geomorphological settings and conditions. In Nunavik those conditions pertain to hill and valley slopes (e.g. rockfalls, landslides and avalanches), permafrost, floods, and coastal ice. They are often triggered by extreme climatic events (e.g. abundant snow fall, fast snow ice and melt, heavy rains, heat waves, etc.)
Natural Hazards in Nunavik
• Climate projections predict a significant rise of temperatures and precipitations over northern Québec.
• Higher potential occurrence and intensity of climate-induced hazards.
• Coastal submergence events
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« Les changements climatiques auront de effets significatifs sur les niveaux d’eau extrêmes, particulièrement pour les villages sur la côte est de la baie d’Hudson » (Le Groupe-Conseil LaSalle, 2013)
Project objectives
« Assess vulnerabilities in Nunavik » i.e. Provide to stakeholders and decision makers (Governments, Industry, Indigenous organizations, etc.) essential landscape-based knowledge of hazards (georisks) to support decision making for the safe development of Nunavik.
4 axes
• I. Document and make an inventory of natural hazards in Nunavik.
• II. Improve knowledge on permafrost distribution and properties over Nunavik.
• III. Map the Nunavik coastline and assess its vulnerability to climate events
• IV. Improve the climate data acquisition in Nunavik by installing stations in poorly equipped areas (inland Nunavik)
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Axis 1: Document and make an inventory of natural hazards in Nunavik.
Documentary research Local knowledge
occurence
Axis 1: Document and make an inventory of natural hazards in Nunavik.
Documentary and media research
• Scientific literature, media survey.
• Make a synthesis and an analysis of types of events and their probable causes.
• Compile et locate the gathered information in a geodatabase (SIG)
• Type
• Location
• Date
• Photo
• Reference
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Kuujjuaq 1979
Local knowledge
• Information gathering in communities and in the land. (KRG, MSP, CEN)
• Meeting with community members
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Photo-interpretation on remote sensing images • Orthomosaïc Rapid Eye (résolution 5 m x 5 m) • Orthomosaic of villages (résolution 15 cm x 15 cm) • Availabe satellite images from previous research projects
(resolution variable from 0.6 m to1 m)
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• 68 354 photos 2013-2015 (MRNF, DIF)
• 37 000 photos du littoral 2015-2016 (9500 km de littoral) (CEN)
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Interpretation and inventory on hand held camera photographs by MFFP scientists
Compilation results
N = 2644
• Categories - Mass movements (landslides, avalanches, rockfalls) - Permafrost thawing - Erosion (gulluing, coastal and fluvial erosion) - Icings and frost blisters - Hydrological processes (flodding, ice jams) - Climatic (blizzard, storms, etc.) - Earthquakes
• Protocol for data and meta data acquisition. • Type • Location • Date • Photo • Reference • Quality of the information (metadata)
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Objective: To map permafrost according to its ground temperature regime in function of surficial geology, surface conditions and actual climate. New permafrost maps (2.0) of Nunavik.
Presentation by
Secteurs non survolés
Axis 3:Map the Nunavik coastline and assess its vulnerability to climate events
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Presentation By
Antoine Boisson
Axis 4 Improve the climate data acquisition in Nunavik by installing
stations in poorly equipped areas (inland Nunavik)
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