monnaies à légendes arabes frappées en syrie par les croisés / par henri lavoix

8/3/2019 Monnaies lgendes arabes frappes en Syrie par les Croiss / par Henri Lavoix

1/60

MIKK@GHR

CAHKNHR T DHR

ET VVHR HKRWTGH V T CHR BTIGRHR

V@T

L H K T G

C@UIG\

BIKR HTU ^HXT NOIGK^

NX

NHV T^HM HK^

NHR

MHN GCCHR

NHC DGDCGI^LPXH K ^GIK CH

^@TGR

OIRHVL D@HT

H^ B

CcGgT@GTHR NH C@

DGDCGI^LPXH HC BICH K@^GIK@CH

NHRDH@X\ @T^R

TXH X P X @ ^ T H - RH V ^ H M D T H ,

0


2/60


3/60

MIKK@GHR

@ CAHKNHR @T@DHR

E T @ V V H R

HK

RWTGH

V@T CHR

BTIGRR

Ch np`rthmhkt nhs m`kusbrgts nh c` Dgdcgitlquh

k`tgik`ch pissnh uk burghux vicumh. Gc pirth ch ku-

mri 01,


4/60

Akhs, sigt Ecirhkbh, Rghkkh iu Vc`gs`kbh, ht churs

subburs`chs hk Blyprh, hk Haypth ht hk Ryrgh. B'hst

bhs bimpàkghs quh chs blhv`cghrs ikt rhbiurs piur nhs

hmprukts, ht b'hst ù kim nh churs ar`kts quh chs rh-

us sikt sgaks p`r chs hmprukthurs. Rur trigs bhkts

pgbhs hkvgrik qug bikstgtuhkt bh rhbuhgc, kius `viks

bimpt prs nh nhux bhkts dgcchts irnrh: ch rhsth bim-

prhkn nhs m`kn`ts, nhs chttrhs nh a`r`ktgh ht nhs chttrhs

nh bgrbuc`tgik. Gc kius hst e`bgch nh s`gsgr, p`r c, ch sys-

tmh nh brngt ht nh sugvrh ch miuvhmhkt nh c '`rahkt

phkn`kt chs auhrrhs s`gkths.

N`ks bhtth gmm hksh lgstigrh n hs h xp ngtgiks n'iutrh-

mhr, oh kh prthkns p`s iuvrgr ht bcirh bhtth pc`bh ch

bl`pgtrh nhs egk`kbhs nhs Brigs`nhs. B'hst ukh tunh kiu-

vhcch nikt c 'gmpirt`kbh siccgbgthr` uk oiur, oh c 'hsprh,

chs rhblhrblhs nhs s`v`kts, m`gs qug np`sshr`gt ht nh

dhùbiup chs cgmgths nh bh tr`v`gc. Oh mh dirkh ukh

kith bh suoht? hcch sueegr`, oh phksh, gkngquhr c 'gktrt

nh c` quhstgik.

Ch sicn`t nhs Brigs`nhs t`gt phu pr vi y` kt. R`ks tr ip

sh rhk nr h bimpth nhs nphkshs nu vi yà h, nhs er`gs nh

kicgs`tgik ht nhs ngeegbucts ù pigkt n'`rrgvh, gc p`rt`gt.

Gc m`rbl`gt vhrs c ' gkbikku `vhb bhtth bikeg`kbh quh

nikkh c` eig ht `vhb bht hspigr qug k`t nh c` vgh `vhk-

turhush nu sicn`t. @prs `vigr piurvu ùx prhmghrs

dhsigks nu np`rt

gc `tthkn`gt tiut nhs vkhmhkts.

Cirsquh kitrh Oigkvgcch prgt c` brigx, gc sh rhkngt n'`-

dirn Mhtz, i gc c`gss` hk aàh ukh ar`knh eigsik

nh s` thrrh.

Ch bimth nh R`rrhdrubj ht cug, ciurhkt

er`gs bimmuks M`rshgcch, uk v`gsshù piur hux ht piur

churs ahks. Hk nd`rqu`kt hk Blyprh, churs egk`kbhs

t`ghkt prhsqu h pugshs. Mig qu g k'`v `gs p`s m gcch


5/60

; cgvrhs nh rhkth hk thrrh, oh mh bl`rah`g qu`kn

o '`cc`g

iutrh-mhr nh mig ngxgmh ni blhv`cghrs, ht nh nhux

blhv`cghrs pi rt`k t d`k kgrh : ht gc m '`nvgk t `gksg quh ,

qu` kn o '`r rgv `g hk Blyprh, gc kh m't`gt nhm hur nh

rhsth quh nhux bhkt qu`r`kth cgvrhs ti ur ki gs, m ik

v`gsshù p`y. @ bùsh nh quig quhcquhs-uks nh mhs

blhv`cghrs mh m `kn rhk t quh sg oh kh mh piurv iy`gs

p`s nh nhkghrs, gcs mh c`gsshr`ghkt. Ht Nghu, qug o`-

m`gs kh mh e`gccgt, mh piurvut hk thcch m`kgrh quh

ch rig , qug t`gt Kgbisgh, m'hkv iy` qu rgr, ht m h

rhtgkt shs aàhs, ht mh mgt lugt bhkts cgvrhs n`ks

mhs bieerhs : ht `cirs o ' hus pcus nh nhkghrs qu'gc kh

m'hk e`cc`gt '.

M`gs ch sgrh nh Oigkvgccb t`gt uk phrsikkàh, ht tius

chs blhv`cghrs k'`v `ghk tp`s , bimmh ch skbl`c nh Bl`m-

p` ak h, c` dik kh eirtukh nh vigr ch rig vhkgr chur sh-

biurs .

Bl`buk sh piurviy`gt nikb s` eìk ukh eigs `r-

rgv hk ^hrrh-R`gkth. Chs hkvigs n'`rahkt t`ghkt r`rhs,

hk r`gsik mmh nhs ngeegbucts nu tr`kspirt ht nhs

bl`kbhs nh c` tr`vhrsh. Viurt`kt ik sh shrv`gt p`reigs

nh bh miyhk, `gksg quh kius c'`pprhkn ukh chttrh nh

c'`dd nh Thssiks Oh`k nh Lùmikt. C'`dd bikegh

uk blhv`cghr, p`rt`kt piur c` V`chstgkh, nhux bhkts cgvrhs

p`rgsgs quh ch pirthur nigt rhmhttrh ùx p`ys n'iutrh-

m hr ù nh stgk `t`gr h. Bhtth sim m h priv ghkt nhs rhvhk us

nh Oh`k nh Lùmikt, tiubls hk sik kim p`r c '`dd nh

Thssiks.

Jidgcg vgri it j`rgssgmi mgcgtg Oil`kkg nimgki ni Gcùmikt.

R., `ld`s nh Thssiks, s`cuthm gk Nimgki ht p`r`t`m hhmphr `n

ious m`kn`t` vicukt`thm.

0

Oigkvgcci,

Lgstigrh nh s`gkt Ciugs

ngt. ni M. K`c`cgs nh Q`gccy, p . X.


6/60

Kitum vidgs e`bgmus quinAugcchcmi nh E`g`bi gpsiuki mgcgtum

`n

tr`ksm`rgk`s

p`rths

tr`kserht`turi, nubhkt`s

cgdr`s

p`rgsghkshs

vidgs uctr` m`rh tr`nhk n`s bim mgsgmus. Puh qugnhm

nubhkth

cgdrh

rhsgnui sukt

nhk`rgirum phr

kis kimgkh

vhstri

nh thrrh vhstrh

rhnngtgdus lkbusquh prhbhptirum, bum o`m nh ngbtgs nhk`rggs gk

b`put mhksgs M`rbgg prixgmi prhthrgtg, Oid`kkg E`drg , Titlim`-

ahks g mhrb`tirg, buousn`m idcga`bgikgs vhstrh c`tirg, trhbhkt`s

cgdr`s turikhkshs vidgs, ut `pp`rugt, `pun Kymibgum gk Alypri

mutu`t`s rhnngnhrgmus. Vhbukgh kgblgclimgkus

sg vidgs

`n lib

ipus

euhrgt,

kivhrgtgs ht kivhrgkt

ukgvhrsg

quin, `n m`kn`tum

vhstrum, bugbukquh cgtthr`s

vhstr`s èehrhktg

summ`m, qu`m vi-

dgs mutui `bbgphrh pc`buhrgt, gkngc`th sicvbrhmus, sgvh nh vhstrgs

nhk`rggs hx kukb gk eutkrum kim gkh vhstri p hrsicv hkn i, sgvh

hbg`m nh nhk`rggs kistrgs priprggs. Nh st`tu ùthm vhstri quhm

shmphr prisphrum hssh sphr`mus, quibghks ipirtukum hrgt, kis

bhrtgirhs rhnnhrh vhcgtgs. U`ch`t kidgcgt`s vhstr`. N`tum `kki

ar`tth

M

6

BA qugkquàhsgmi, mhksh `p rgc g

.

C'`rahkt hst nikb hkviy ngrhbthmhkt ? m`gs bhs hxp-

ngt giks

nu

kumr`grh kh sikt p`s n`ks chs l`dgtunhs :

hcchs eirmhk t hxbhptgik. Chs blhv `cghrs pcu s `vgss iu

mghux bikshgc cs, prhkkhkt nu p`pghr n'ukh m`gsik nh

d`k qu h. @. 0461. Rgmik

Tudhus

d`kblhrgus e`thtur

l`du gsshC . 2> nhk`rgirum O`kush hx nhk `rggs 24 pri

); qu gdus @U"

00

" d`k blh rgus hous

er`thr

ndht

n`rh

gk V`-

chrmi m`rb`s ibti dikg `rahktg gccg qug hg n`dgt cg`kh

b`r t m

4

.

B'hst c` chttrh nh bl`kah : hcch hst r` rh . C` chttrh nh br ngt

hst bimmukh. Oh tr`ksbrgs `vhb pc`gsgr bhtth kidch chttrh

nu bikkt`dch nh Miktmirhkby, quh c` vicikt nu rig

Vlgcgpph rhtghkt hk Er`kbh, ht qug, neùt nh sik ph,

mht s` eirtukh ù shrvgbh nh c` au hrr h s`gk th.

0

Ms. nh c` Dgdcgitlquh k`tgik`ch, eikns c`tgk, k 01,


7/60

7

Hai M`tlhus, nimgkis Miktgs Mirhkbg`bg, Er`kbgh bikst`du-

c`r gus,

kitum

e`bgi

ukgvhrsgs

prshkths

cgtthr`s

gksphbturgs quin

bu m

tit`m vgt`m ht imkg` dik` mh` `n

nheehksgikhm hbbchsgh

s`kbth ht `n hxpuak`tgikhm quirumcgdht gkgmgbirum housnhm

phr. tit`s mukng p`rths , pri pissh mhi, heeuknhrh egrmh ht stu-

ngish

vhcgm,

mgblg

vhri, nh vicukt`th j`rgssgmg

nimgkg

mhg

Vl g -

cgppg, gccustrgs Er`kbirum rags, ` rhaki Er`kbgh ngsbhnhrh kik

cgbh`t, bimmgtti vgbhs

mh`s gk

thrr` s`kbt` Olhrisicgmgt`k`,

biktr` gkgmgbis Brubgs ahrhkn`s, j`rgssgmgs nimgkgs T`nucpli

nh

M`ricgi,

biak`ti mhi sphbg`cgquh suphr lib mhi pribur`tirg,

Oil`kkg

nh Ugcchrggs, Tidhrti

nh

Lhrvgchgi,

Augcchcmi nh Mgchgi,

T`nucpli nh Ugtrhgi, Oil`kkg nh Lhnivgcc`, Augcchcmi nh Vrishgi,

Lhkrgbi nh Whknicgi, A`cthri ni Dhtgsg`bi, Augcchcmi nh

R`visg`,

mgcgtgdus khbkik `rm gahrgs ht limgkgdus gpsirum, quis imkhs `n

hxphks`s mh`s ht

v`ng`

mh`, lib

tr`ksm`rgki shrvgb gi

nur`kth ,

`ssgaki ht rhtgkhi. Ht `n sicubgikhm ngbtirum v`ngirum e`bghk-

n`m, vic hbg`m, sg ipus eubrgt,

`n

mutu` quiquh

hra` qu`scgdht

phrsik`s, gk p`rtgdus tr`ksm`rgkgs, primh ht mhi kimgkh, usquh

`n summ`m trgum mgccgum

cgdr`rkm turikhksgum

biktr`lhkn`

ùt `n

prhst`knum

kimgkgs mhg

a`rr`kng`m qugduscgdht

limg-

kgdus nh ehini mhi priprgi bhu htg`m l`kikghksg uctr` m`rh

hxgsthktgdus, pri qugdusbumquh mutugs sueegbghkthr

phr hisnhm

prgv`ti kimgkh biktr`lhkngs, shrv`t` qugnhm bcùsuc` thrrh gk

m`ku mh` pisgth, e`bgi ht bikstgtui

prhngbtum

r`hum sphbg`chm

ht bhrtum pribur`tirhm prhe`tum nimgkum T`nucplum nh M`-

ricgi , vhc sg gpsum mirg ùt `cg`s nhechhrh biktgkahrht , nuis

quiscgdht hx `cggs

mgcgtgdus

supr`

kimgk`tgs, phr

sibgis hirukg-

nhm gk sicgnum hcgahknis, primgtthks dik` ecnh, mh r`tum ht

egrmum cg`dgturum qugbqugn phr ngbtis pribur`tirhm

sgvh

pribu-

r`tirhs mhis gk prhngbtgs ht bgrb` prhngbt` `btum etghrgt. Gk buous

rhg thstgmikgum prshkths cgtthr`s sgagccg mig mukgmgkh

ehbg

ri -

dir`rg. @btum V`rgsgus, `kki nimgkg M

6

AA kik i nhbgm i. Mhksh

M`rbgi '.

C'hkaàhmhkt pirth ù nis ch kim nu d`kqughr Bir-

0

s. k 01,


8/60

G c )

s`cg qug c'` `bbhpt.C'viquh nh V`rgs, Mùrgbh nh Ruccy,

rpikn cug ùssg nhs nhtths biktr`bths p`r nhs blh-

v`cghrs ?

Gk

kimmh Nimgkg `mhk.

Hai Mùrgtgus, Nhg ar`tg` V`rg`ghk`gs hpgsbipus, ukgvhrsgs ki-

tum echrg vicumus, quin bum phr rhc`tgikhm quirumn`m ecnhcgum

hx @bbikhksgdus

p`rtgdu` rhnhuktgum ùngvhrgmu` bhrtg`

mgcg-

tgc)us ki`trgs `n pirgbucisum ipus hbbchsgh irghkt`cgs niehknhknh

gksun`ktgdus ht thcgs pà`kirum bitgngi sh idgbghktgdus qu`m

pcur` ,

`n

mgcgt`knum khbhss`rg` nhssh. Bumquh gagtur suphr

lib hx ieecbgi kistri t`ghs Blrgstg bimmgcgtikhs tuhrg nhdh`mus ht

hgs nhbh`t ngcgahkthr stgphkng` privgnhrg, kitgcgh`rg bur`mus im-

kgdus lim gkgdus quin qugbumquh gm phk nhrgt ht nhnhrgt ibtgk-

ahkt`s

m`rb`s `rahktg

ngbtgs mgcgtgdus kistrgs,

vgnhcghht

T`nuc-

pli nh @rahkticgi, Qgcchcmi nh Tiquhkburt, Agcikg nh Uhrs`cggs,

Vhtri

nh

Tkkbiriccgs,

Vhtri

M`rhsbl`cci, Augnikg nh Lhnivgcc`,

Augnikg

nh Biknrhk,

^limh

nh Dmhrgg`, D`rtlicimhi nhDruhrggs,

Vhtri

nh

Ughgccgs, A`cikg nh Miuthakg`bi, Tiahri nh Ugcc`nùriy,

Tidhrti nh L`k`burt, Vhtri nh Cghkburt,

Qgcchcmi

nh Tiuvgcc` ht

Agcikg

nh

Ar`kag`,

nh

ngbtgs ibtgkagktgs m`rbgs bicc`tgikhm e`b-

t`m sueccbghkthr prid`ks phrkis V`rgs gus gkngc`th rhst` ur`d gtur

ht suphr lib hx ndgt`

b`rgt`tg`

idshrv`tgikh `n hkr`m ht ngcg-

ahkbg`m qu`m m`xgm` imkhs hxl irt`m ur @btum V` rgsgus

`kki gkb`rk`tgikgs Nimgkg M

6

B \BG", hpgsbip`tus \\\G

6

'.

Oh nikkh c` tr`nubtgik n'ukh chttrh nh D`rtlcmy,

niyhk

n'@rr`s.

Hcch hst n`th n'@rr`s, ht hcch pirth c`

n` th 0401 ?

R`blhkt tius, quh qugbikquh ùr` bimpt p`r bl`quh `kkh

ùx ahktgcslimmhs bg-nhssius kimms, p`rt`kt piur Orus`chm

ht pirth urs nhs prshk ths, s`vigr D ùniugk nh Lhkblgk, ous-

qu ' bikburrhkbh nh bhkt bgkq u`kth cgvrhs p`rgs gs : Aug nh

0

g c s . gc 01 ,


9/60

00

Lùthbciquh, ous qu ' bikburrhkbh nh bhkt trhkth cgvrhs : Oh`k

nh Diueeghs, ousqu' bikburrhkbh nh qu`trh-vgkat-ngx cgvrhs

ht

Vghrrh

nu Blthcht,

ousqu '

c`

mmh, v`chur nh qu `trh -vgk at-

ngx cgvrhs, bl`buk p`r bl`quh `kkh, mig, bh prthur iu

sik m`kn`t`grh rhbikku, qug m'`ppirthr` chs chttrhs bikst`t`kt

c 'idcga`tgik nhsngts shgakhurs, oh rhstgtuhr`g chs simmhs qu'gc

ùr` `v`kbhs ùxngts shgakhurs ousqu' bikburrhkbh nhs v`churs

bg-nhssus kikbhs, ùxquhcchs sikt hstgms chs rhvhkus `kkuhcs

nhs dghks qug m'ikt t bimmgs p`r chsngts shgakhurs '.

Rg o '` g bgt bh t gtrh n`ks prhsquh tiuch s` thkhur, b'hst

qu'gc kius nikkh c` eirmuch irngk`grh nhs chttrhs nh

brngt : chs pgbhs `k`ciauhs sh muctgpcghkt `vhb nh

carhs ngeerhkbhs n`ks chs rn`btgiks. Bhs chttrhs sikt

sgakhs, iu pcutt sbhcchs, p`rchs suzhr`gks, p`r chs

lùts d`riks, p`r nhs vquhs, iu p`r nhs kit`grhs.

Hai Tistàkus V`yk`s, pudcg`gs M`ssgcgh kit`rgus, kitum

e`bgi imkgdus ht thstgecbir quin qugbukquh tr`ngnhrgt gk p`rtgdus

t r`ksm`r gk gs ,

kidgcgdus

vgrgs Ahr`cni nh

Diz`, Dhrhka`rgi Ugkbhk-

tgi, T`gmukni @ga`rni ht Qgcchcmi A`cc`rni, bugquh hirumnhm

usquh

`n summ`m

qugkquh ht vgagktg m`rbl`rugk

`rahktg

, gpsh

gk

ngbt` summ `

`pun M`ssgcg`m phr

m`kus rhbtirgs M`ssgcgh

gktarh rhstùr`dgtur , priut `mpcgus nbbc`r`tur gk ahkhr`cg pch-

ag`bgikgs

màki

gkstrumhkti,

ouss u ht

kimgkh prhngbtirum

rhb-

tirum pudcgh bikehbti ht gk

trgdus

tr`ksbrgptgs ducc` pcumdh`

b`pgtucg rhbtirum M`ssgcgh sgagcc`tgs rhn`bti `tquh tr`ngti bim-

mukgt`tg brubh sgak`tirum

gk

gpsi nhsgak`tikuk. Hai ùthm,

Tistàkus prhngbtus, ria`tu nimgkirum supr`kimgk`tirum, `n

mòirhm gpsirum shburgt`thm ht bimmingt`thm, l`kb b`rtuc`m

phr

m`kum

mh`m e`bt`m sgakg

mhg mukgmgkh

ridir`vg. @btum

gk

b`pgtuci rh bti rum M`ssgcgh `kki gkb`rk `bgik gs Nimgkg M BB

\UGGG

6

, Gkngbtgikh U, UGV

Gns

M`gg

7

.

0

Ms. gc 01,


10/60

04

@ neùt nh bhs chttrhs n'gktrinubtgik , nh bhs a`-

r`ktghs, ch Brigs nh c` ^hrrh-R`gkth e`gs`gt ngrhbthmhkt

hmprukt ù d`kqughr. @ R`gkt-Oh`k-n'@brh, uk ccicg`k

hmprukt`gt ùx

Vgs`ks

Hunhs nh Vicpgi,

Lhrv Tishccg

ht Augccùmh nh Gc`` bhkt vgkat m`rbs n'`rahkt ht nik-

k`gt piur aàhs shs `rmhs, shs blhvùx, shs l`rk`gs ht

tius shs dghks ?

Hai @c`kus, vgbhbimhs nh Tilhk, kitum e`bgi ukgvhrsgs

quin hai

suphr

bikvhktgikgdus

l`dgtgs ni mutui

bhktum

ht

vgagktg

m`rb`rum `rahktg gkthr j`rgssgmis mhis Hunikhm

nh Vicprhgi, Lhrvhum Tisshccum ht Qgcchcmum nh Gc`ggs ht @k-

s`cnum D`rd`rum, Vgs`kum

bgvhr`, mh

pchagum bikstgtug t`cg

mini quin sg

prhe`tg nimgkg

ngbt`s

bikvhktgikhs gk cgtthrgs

hirumnhm pchkgus bikthkt`s grrgt`rhkt, hai prhkit`t`m phbbukgh

summ`m sicvhrh thkhrhr, `n lib idcga`ks hquis

mhis , mh`quh

`rm` ht `rkhsg` ht ahkhr`cgthr imkg` dik` mh`. @btum `pun

@bbik, gk br`stgki nhbicc`bgikgs R`kbtg

Oil`kkgs

D`ptgsth

0

.

Bhs sirths n'idcga`tgiks t`ghkt phu bi m m uk hs . R`ks

niu th ch prthur chs bikshkt`gt ngeegbgchmhkt, hk r`gsik

nu prgc qu'hkbiur`gt

c`

nhtth. Hk bhs thmps nh bimd`ts

biktgkuhcs, c` mirt

nu

blhv`cghr bik tr`bt`kt pi uv` gt

survhkgr

ht

c'hgcht siusbrgt rhst`gt hk siueer`kbh. C`

auhrrh oht`gt ch pcus ar`kn triudch n`ks chs tr`ks`btgiks,

ht c` br`kbh qug shmdc`gt c` pcus srh k't`gt p`s tiu-

oiurs p`yh c 'piquh ngth. Ch rig nh Orus`chm, Oh`k

ni Drghkkh, ndgthur nh c` m`gsik Cublgki Birs`cg,

prg`gt p`r gkthrmng`grhs bhs d`kqughrs nh cug `bbirnhr

nhs nc`gs piur chs simmhs nuhs hux p`r cug. Ch rig

nikkh piur mitge nh bhs rht`rns quh nhpugs cikathmps

gc kh cug hst p`s vhku nh shbiurs

n'iutrh-mhr ?

0

Ms. k 01,


11/60

02

Cublgì

Birs`cg

ht titg

hous Ribght`tg

O. Nhg ar`tg` Orus`-

chm rhx,

s`cuthm

ht

sgkbhr`m ngchbtgikhm.

Bum

siccgbgtuni

bim-

minirum vhstrirum biktgku` kis

thkh`t,

`n vis tr`ksmgttgkgus

kidgchs

ht

ngchbtis

kistris Aidhrtum

nh Mhrbhgi, Thk`rnum nh

D

gi ht T`nucplum nh cgmikti qugdus bum vhkhrgkt ciquturgs

vidgsbugk khaibggs . . . s s`tgse`bhrh u t biknhbht vidgs dikum ht

bimminum hrgt bum kuccum mutuum nh gkthrhssh

c`ragus

nh rhs-

tgtubgikh vhri bhrtgus vidgs euhrgt ibburrhknum `n a`rr`ktgz`k-

num nh bhthri prhngbtirum nimgkirum bikvhkbgikhm sg vicuh-

rgtgs p`r`tg sumus

nh

sicubgikh

ùtbm

nubhkt`rum

m`rbl`rum

`rahktg nh

qugdus vidgs `n

gkst`ks V`sbl`

thkhmur. Gkst`kthr

vis ria`mus ut kidgs kivum rhsphbtum usqpgh `n prixgmum

ehstum Imkgum R`kbtirum

n`rh vhcgtgs,

bum kidgs, ut dhkh

sbgtgs, kuccum `nlub ùxgcgum hx uctr`m`rgkgs p`rtgdus privhk-

tum

sgt.

Puin

vhri nh

l`b

rhqugsgbgikh

kistr`

phr vis rhsicutum

euhrgt, kis phr gpsgus kuktgg rhc`bgikhm bhrtgirhs rhnnhrh vhcgtgs

ut bgtgus gkkithsb`t qugn kidgs ucthrgus sg t àhknum '.

Hk akr`c, ch blhv`cghr brigs e`gs`gt uk dgccht. Bhtth

idcga`tgik, siusbrgth ù dkegbh nu prthur ht nh c` si-

bgt qu'gc rhprshkth, t`gt l`dgtuhcchmhkt sgakh p`r

qu`trh tmigks, nhux nu bt nh c'hmprukthur, qug sikt

nhux blhv`cghrs nh sik p`ys iu nh s` bikk`gss`kbh, nhux

nu bt nu d`kqughr, gt`cghks bimmh cug. Ch prt hst`

uk `k nh n`th: ch thrmh nu rhmdiurshmhkt hst egx n'ir-

ngk` grh Vquhs, c'@ssimptgik iu c` îuss`gkt. Puhc

t`gt ch tùx nh c'gktrt9 Oh c'gakirh ? gc sh ngssgmuch:

s`ks niuth gc s' oiut`gt c` m`ssh nu b`pgt`c, ht gc sh bik-

eikn`gt `vhb cug n`ks ch blgeerh nh c'idcga`tgik. Aimmh

ik piursugv`gt c'usurh, hcch sh nrid`gt ùx piursugths.

Ch prthur gmpis`gt bhtth bimpcgbgt c'hm prukthur. Chs

hknisshurs nu dgccht rpikn`ghkt nh c` simmh, hux ht

churs dghks. V`reigs, uk bhrt`gk kimdrh nh blhv`cghrs sh

0

Ms. P )1,: pgbh hknimmàh, rikah nhs vhrs.


12/60

0>

rukgss`ghkt piur hmprukthr. Bl`buk sgak`gt p`rt ukh

rhbikk`gss`kbh ht biktr`bt`gt uk hkaàhmhkt sicgn`grh.

îus piu r

uk,

uk piur tius.

Kitum sgt imkgdus prshkths cgtthr`s gkspibturgs, quin kis

Auhcthkhus nh cgrubbi, @c`kus nh Vikth Drghkbgg, Oucghccus nh

^r`mgai ht T`nucplus nh @kauci, mgcgths, kgutui rhbhpgmu `

Xhrtiki ni Disbiri ht hou` sibggs, Vgs`kgs bgvgdus, bhktum ht

qugkquàgkt` m`rb`s `rahktg gk g'hstgvgt`th imkgum R`kbtirum

pg'ixgmi vhktur` rhnnhkn`s, primgtthkths

dik`

cgnb, prhstgti

our`mhkti suphr mgss`ch, quin imkg` n`mpk qu`h ibb`sgikh

nhe'hbtus sicutgikgs ngbth

phbbukgec

prhg`tus

Dhrtiku`

sustgkhrht,

hgnhm

rhstgtuhrhmu` gktarh,

@btukg

`pun

Oippik

gk

br`stgki ehstg

dh`tg @knrh `pisticg, `kki Nimgkg M

6

A

6

\B V ' .

Rg c'uk nhs sgak`t`grhs ngsp`r`t, ch d`kqughr ` rh-

biurs sur chs a`r`kts qug rhsthkt. Xk blhv`cghr, Tucgk

nh U`ràkh, mhurt sur chs dirns nu Kgc, ù shrvgbh nu

rig, `v`kt ch oiur i s'hst e`gth c` p`yh nh c'`rmh ? gc

nigt sigx`kth cgvrhs tiurkigs : c` eth nh V`squhs, piquh

c`quhcch hst egx ch rhm di ur sh m hk t nh c` si m m h, hst

p`ssh. Ch br`kbghr s'`nrhssh `cirs @r. nh Kihrgi qug

` rpiknu piur cug: gc cug r`pphcch shs hkaàhmhkts

phrsikkhcs ht ch prgh nh kh p`s c`gsshr hk siueer`kbh c`

sgak`turh nh

Tuegk

nh U`ràkh.

Kidgcg

vgri `b nimgki @r.

nh

Kihrgi

mgcgtg

gk s`cuthm

ht nhvitum gk imkgdus

e`muc`tum. Aumdikh mhmirgh

Tueus nh

U`r&ak`, sghut ùngvhrgtgs, mirtuus euhrgt gk shrvgbgi nimgkg rags

ouxt` ccuvgum Kycg ùti pà`m quh echd`t mgcgtgdus ngbtg nimgkg

rags , pripthr quin l`dhrhkikpituhrgtqu h sgdg nh sugs stgphkngg`

nhdhd`ktur ht gnhi shxàgkt c gdr`s turikhksh` qu`g kidgs ehsti

0

Ms. u

k

01,


13/60

08

V`sbcgi kkpir prhthrgti rhnngturus hr`t, sicvhrh kik pituhrgt, `n

vis, t`k qu` m `n rhsp iks irhm ht nhdgtirhm ph r cgnhm @'hstr`m

birpir`cgthr prhstgt`m bikstgtutum, nuxgmus phr prshkths cgtthr`s

rhburrhknum, ut kidgs, qu`m bgbgus, ngbt`s C\ cgdr`s phrsicv`tgs,

cibi ngbtg

dikh mhmirgh, gt`

quin

likirhr` vhstrum

ht t`m

pridg

vgrg sgbut nhetmbtg `kggk`kg phrourgg rhprhlhksgikhm kucci mini

gkburrbrh biktgka`t

0

.

Bh k't`gt p`s hkbirh `sshz nh bhs mhsurhs. Viur pcus

nh sburgt hkvhrs uk ndgthur nikt ch a`ah t`gt ngeegbg-

chmhkt s`gsgss`dcb, ch d`kqughr hxgah`gt ch pcus siuvhkt

nu blhv`cghr c` a`r`ktgh nh sik suzhr`gk. Hcch t`gt tiu-

oiurs nikkh ht, hk b`s nh kik p`yhmhkt, ch blhv`cghr

`d`knikk`gt shs dghks. C` thrrh rpikn tiuoiurs nh c`

nhtth.

Xkgvhrsgs prshkths cgtthr`s gksphbturgs.

Kitum

sgt quin kis Tidhrtus nh Hskhv`cch, Bic`rnus nh R`kbt`

M`rg` ht Eucbi nh Irac`knggs, mgcgths, mutui rhbhpgmks ` Cublgki

Birs`cg, O`bidi

@spgr`kg

ht hirum sibggs, o`kuh ksgdus mh rb`ti-

rgdus, bhktum cgdr`s turikhkshs `n sicutgikhm qu`rum gk ehsti

imkgum R`kbtirum hx prixgmi gkst`kth gk `kkum e`bghkn`m

kidgcgssgmus nimgkus

M`tdhus, bikst`duc`rgus

Er`kbgh, mhng`kth

bhrti pribur`tirh sui, phr gpsum suphr lib

bikstgtuti, hra` prh-

e`tis mhrb`tirhs sh idcga`vgt sg kis ` ngbt` sicubgikh nhegbhrh

biktgkahrbt. Kis vhri thrr`gk kistr`m gk m`ku ngbtg nimgkg biks-

t`duc`rgg pikgmus t`cg

mini,

quin sg `

sicutgiks

prhngbth phbukgh,

`n prhecxum thrmgkum nhegbhrhmks, gnhm nikggkks bikst`duc`rgus

pringbt` kistr`

thrr`

er`` tur ksquh. `n phrehbt`m nhdgtg kistrg

rhstg tutgikhm-.

C'`bth hst nu m igs nh shpthmdrh nh c'`kkh 0407.

Ocs .

k 01,


14/60

05

Oh nigs c'idcgah`kbh nh M.Niut-n'@rbq c` bimmu-

kgb`tgik n'uk tgtrh `pp`rthk`kt ùx @rblgvhs k`tgik`chs

(^rsir nhs bl`rths, b`rtik O.

>>0,

pgbh k i), ht quh oh

tr`ksbrgs gbg, hk r`gsik nh sik gmpirt`kbh.

Xkgvhrsgs prshkths cgtthr`s gksphbturgs, Oil`kkhs nh Dhcci-

mikth ,

b`mhr`rgus Er`kbgh, s`cuthm gk

Nimgki.

Kitum sgt

im -

kgdus quin bguk nimgk`s rhx ` Tissi Bikcgcgg, pri sh ht Rbiti

Nimgkgbg,

Dikhkbiktrh Augtik, Augh`rgkg,

Bihkbur` Eurk`rgg,

M`rtgki Augcchcmg, Dik` ar`tg` @rnhmhk ht Dik`biktrh Hsbit,

sibggs sugs kghrb`tirgdus shkhksgdus,

mgblg ehbgt

cg`dhrg mutui

mgcch ht qugkahkt`s cgdr`s turikbkshs, quin gpsgs kghrb`tirgdus

rhnnhrh thkhtur pri kgh gnhm nimguus rhx, `n

V`sbl`m

prixgmi

vhktur`m. Hai nh nhdgti gcci gk p`rtgdus Er`kbgh rhnnhkni hgnhm

`n gkst`kthm Vurgegb`tgikhm d`th M`rgh `kth ngbt`m V`sbd`m,

tit`gk thrr`gk mh`m ht imkg` dik`

mh` midgcg`

ht gmmidgcg` sph-

bg`cgthr idcga`vg, vichks ht bikbniks quin hai, ht cghrhnhs gkhg,

sg ipus euhrgt, bimphcchktur phr b`ptgikhm ht nhthktgikhm thrrh

mhb ht imkgum dikirum mhirum prhngbtirum `n

ngbtum nhdg-

tum gk ngbti thrmgki Vurgecb`tgikgs, pchk`rgh phrsicvhknum. Gk

bko`s rhg thstgmikgum sgagccum mhum nuxg prhshktgdus `ppi-

khknum. @btum gk b`strgs ouxt` Bhs`rh`m, `kki Nimgkg M

6

qugkquàhsgmi prgmi, mhksh Oukgi.

Bimmh prhsquh tiuths chs chttrhs nh a`r`ktgh rukghs

n` ks bh rhbuhgc sh r`pp irthk t c` brigs`nh nh s`gkt Ci ugs,

c` pcus ar`knh p`rtgh nh bhs `bths pirthkt ch sbhù nu

bimth n'@rtigs, nu nub n'@koiu, nu bimth nh c` M`rblh,

nu bimth nh Vigtghrs ht nu rig. Oh muctgpcghr`gs gku-

tgchmhk t chs bgt`tgiks. Chs ki m s v `rghkt, chs eirm uchs

rhsthkt tiuoiurs chs mmhs. Tsumiks ? ch prthur ` c`

sgak`turh nu blhv`cghr, `vhb bùtgik nu suzhr`gk, qug

hst biuvhrt p`r c` thrrh qu'ik cug `d`knikkh, bimmh

aàh lypitlb`grh.


15/60

- 01 -

M`car t`kt nh prbùtgiks c` br`kbh biur`gt hkbirh

chs pcus ar`kns n`kahrs ? ukh chttrh nu rig s`gkt Ciugs,

n`th nh Bs`rh, ht `nrhssh ùx prunlimmhs ht c`

bimmukùt nhs Akigs n`ks chs p`ys n'iutrh-mhr, hst

dghk burghush bh suoht. Xkh a`crh nu rig

s'hst

hmp`rh

n'uk pgr`th ht ` s`gsg sur bh v`gsshù bhkt vgkat idcga`-

tgiks sgakhs p`r nhs blhv`cghrs ùx m`rbl`kns Akigs.

Ch rig rhkn chs chttrhs qug nh nrigt. M`gs n'`prs c'`vgs

nh sik bikshgc, sur bhs bhkt vgkat dgcchts, gc hk rhtghkt

bgkqu`kth-bgkq qug no ikt t p`ys. Ch rig

`

rhbuhgccg

sur bh e`gt ch tmigakàh ht c` p`rich nhs gktrhsss:

s`gkt Ciugs `vhrtgt chs m`rbl`kns qu'gcs ùr`ghkt vgt

bhtth bikthst`tgik

s'gcs s't`ghkt bikeirms c` rach, hk

hkchv`kt nhs idcga`tgiks `bqugtths ch sbhù nh c'hm-

prukthur, ht gc chs r`pphcch bhs bikvhktgiks qug, k-

acgahs, phuvhkt pirthr ch pcus ar`kn proungbh ùx gk-

trts nhs biktr`bt`kts.

Cunivgbus,

Nhg

ar`tg` Er`kbirum

Thx, prunhktgdus

vgks bik-

sgcgi

ht Aimmukgt`tg Bgvgum O`kuhksgum bgtr`

m`rh

hxgsthkbgum

s`cuthm ht ngchbtgikhm sgkbhr`kg. Uidgs kitgegb`rh vicukms quin

bum bhktum

ht

vgagktg p`rg` cgtthr`rum

`cgqugdus nh

ngbt`

bim-

mukgt`th vhstr` bgvgdus

phr

kis

gpsis pri

trgdus

p`rgdus

ht

phr

quisn`m

mgcgths,

`rmgahris

`cgisquh

brubhsgak`tis

pri rsgn`gs

idcga`t`rim

gk

quin`m pyr`tgbi

v`sh phr

a`ch`s kistr`s

kuphr

h`pti rhphrt`

euhrgkt, ìdgsquh

phr

ngchbtum

ht

ecnhchm kistrum

màgstrum d`cgst`rgirum tr`ngt`

`n

vis

gps` nhstgk`mus rhstg-

tuhkn`.

Kis

vhri prunhktim vgrirum biksgcgi

nh ngbtgs bhktum

ht vgagktg cgtthr`rum p`rgdus

qugkquàgkt`

qugkquh

rhtgkugmus,

sgbutv`k`, bum suphr gpsgs shbuknum quirumn`m cgnh ngakirum

rhc`tgikhm ht imkg khbhss`rg` prid`tgikh ngcgahkthr

bir`m

kidgs

e`bt` `pp`ruhrgt o`m prhngbtgs bgvgdus eugssh pchkh ht gktarh

s`-

tgse`btum, quin mhcgus ht hx hirumnhm bgvgum p`rth oustgus pri-

d`tum nh e`bti g'ugssht phr nhdgt`m b`kbhcc`tgikhm sgagccirumvh


16/60

0<

sudc`tgikhm, priut gk. t`cgdus nhbht ht hxprhssh bikvhktum hxtgtgt.

Uidgs gagtur gk`kn`mus qu`tguus bgrb` lib t`kt`m bur`m `ppi-

k`tgs ht bum hx t`cg gknhdgt khycgahktg`, priut phr l u ` b prpxgr

mum

b`sum gkthXhxhrgtgs, mgcgt` prhoungbg`

sudirgg g

pissgkt t`cgthr

suphr prhngbtgs vis gk euturum cg`dh`tgs quin vhstr`m idshrv`k-

bg`m

pissgmus mhrgti bimmhkn`rh

`b vidgs

hxgknh nhdh`kr`s

sbgrh ar`ths. N`tum gk b`strgs ouxt` Ahs`r. V`chst. `kki Nimgkg

M

6

BB" C pr gmi, mh`sh @caXRti '.

Kbhss`grhmhkt ch rig ht chs blhes n'`rmh qug th-

k`ghkt chur sicnh uk ar`kn kimdrh nh blhv`cghrs

`v`ghkt nhs bimpths iuvhrts trs biksgnr`dchs n`ks chs

m`gsiks nh d`kquh nh Akhs, nh Vgsh iu nh Rghkkh, t`-

dcghs sur chspc`bhs prgkbgp`chs nh Blyprh, n'Haypth ht nh

Ryrgh. Chs mm hs kim s nh prthu rs gt`cghks rhvgh kk hkt

s`ks bhssh n`ks bhs id cga`tgiks. Bh si kt chs Biktg nh Vgsh,

Tissi Biksgcggnh Rghkkh, B`t`ki, Nimgkgbg, @m`nbg,^`-

ka i ,

C`z`rhNhvgkhccg ht sik `ssibg Cublgki nh Ruz`ri,

@ktigkh Bixic`, @a`dgti nh

A`zici,

Rgmik nh

Rùci,

Ini V`kbg`, C`ker`kb nh Cgzirgi, Augccùmh Dibb`kh-

ar`, M`kerhn nh Birik`ti, tius m`rbl`kns nh Akhs. Hk

viy`kt sh rpthr s`ks bhssh bhs kims n`ks bhs `bths,

gc hst gmpissgdch nh kh p`s bikb curh qu h chs blhes nh c`

brigs`nh `v`ghkt churs d`kqughrs `ttgtrs. @ N`mghcth, ch

akigs Dikeccs nh Vire`k, e`gs`gt, b'hst ch thrmh, piur

ch bimth n'@koiu: R`gkt-Oh`k-n'@brh, Augccùmh Dib-

b`khar`, piur ch bimth nh Vigtghrs, chquhc `v`gt ùssg

piur d`kqughrs N`mghtth Kgbic` ht V`kbg`. O'hk p`ssh,

ht nh bhux nh O`g'e`, nh Bs`rh ht nh ^rgpicg. Bhs m`r-

bl`kns gt`cghks, vkgtghks, pgs`ks, akigs, bhs m`trhs

nh c mhr sh sikt hmp`rs nh tius chs pigkts nh c'Irghkt:

0

Ms. k 01,


17/60

YY gk

gcs y eikt nhs priegts gmmhkshs, gcs trègquhkt nh tiut,

nh c` vgbtigrh ht nh c` ne`gth ht cirsquh chs riyùmhs

blhv`chrhsquhs sirthkt pugss nhs auhrrhs n'iutrh-mhr,

c'Gt`cgh sh cvh `cirs pchgkh nh eirbh ht nh pugss`kbh, hkrg-

blgh p`r c'`rahkt nhs brigs`nhs.

Chs Gt`cghks `v`ghkt t, ù xk sgbch, chs d`kqughrs

nh Vlgcgpph-@uausth ht nhs rigs n'@kachthrrh. @u sgbch

sugv`kt, gcs `v`ghkt pcus quh o`m`gs ch m`kghmhkt nhs

b`pgtùx nhs auhrrhs s`gkths ht churs b`gsshs e`gs`ghkt nhs

`v`kbhs ùx `rmhs nhs bimths ht nu rig. Rg uk blhv`-

cghr sh prshkt`gt `vhb nhs chttrhs sbhcchs nh sik suzh-

r`gk, ch d`kqughr nh Akhs iu nh Vgsh p`y`gt sur sik

rhu : gc sicn`gt ùssg chs aàhs hk rht`rn ht e`gs`gt nrigt

ùx rbc`m`tgiks cagtgmhs nhs Brigss.

Agh, Oil `k s nh Diublht, blhv `cghrs, e`gs s`vigr ` tiuz

bhks qug bhs prshkths

chtrhs

vhrrikt, quh agh `g rhbhu nh Dikegz

nh Vire`k, m`rbl``kt nh Aghkhs, e`gs`kt pir mik Rhgakir cg buhks

n'@koiu, GU bhkz cgvrhs nh tiurki gs pir sgs mi gs niu shrvgsh

kistrh shgakir quh agh `g e`gt hk bhsth s`gkth thrrh, mig tghrz nh

blhv`cghrs, hgksg bim mik ngz shgakir cg buhks ehgst m`rblgh i

mig nhs qughx nhkghrs agh mh sug thkuz pir bikthks ht p`ghs ht

chs `g qugbthz mik ngt shgakir ht ù ngt Dikegz hk t`kt bim

mhsthr hk shrigt ht

ùsg

chs cir ikt qugbthz mhs nhux d`blhchrs,

b'hst s`vi gr Oi l`k s Niu V` rq ht Augccùmh Virthd hgzh, b l` s-

buk pir suhk e`gt. Ht ù ngt Dikegz agh hk `g nikk bhsths pr-

shkths chttrhs schs nh mik shù. Bh cu e`gt nhv`kt N`mhtth hk

c '`k kistrh Rhgakir mgc BA ht qu`r`kth ht

kuhe,

ch oir nh O`

ehsth

s`gkt Tmg '.

Viur rpiknrh ùx nphkshs biksgnr`dchs ibb`sgik-

khs p`r c` sicnh ht ch r`vgt`gcchmhkt n'ukh kimdrhush

`rmh, ch rig s`gkt Ciugs `v`gt shs d`kqughrs Blyprh,

0

Ms. g c" 01,


18/60

-46

N`mghtth ht hk V`chstgkh. @utirgshs p`r ch rig, bhs m`g-

siks p`y`ghkt sur rhu qug nh nrigt ?

Hxbbcchktgssgmi nimgki sui Cknivgbi, Nhg ar`tt` Er `k bi -

rum rag,

Augcchcmus

nh R`cgikh ht Luai nh

Durnga`c`,

mgcgths,

s`cuthm ht p`r`tum gk imkgdus shrvgbgum. Hxbhcchkbgh vhstrh

sgakgecb`mus

quin bum kidgs nhngsshtgs gk m`kn`mhktum phr

p`thkths

vhstr`s

cgtthr`s ut kis a`rkgsgikg mgcgtum, `rmgahrirum

ht shrvghktgum `n sumptus vhstris gk B`stri phrhargki bimmi-

r`ktgum, su` aàg`

usq`h

`n

ibt`d`m

dh`tg Nyikgsgg prixgmi

prhthrgtg pà`rg e`bhrhmus ht `n

pà`m gpsirum e`bghkn`m,

phb-

bukg`m kik l`dhrhmus, kis `d Iphbgki M`r gliki, O`kuhksg

bgvh, c`tirh prhshktgum, qugkahkt`s ht vgagktg cgdr`s turikhk shs

mutui rhbhpgmus, qu`rum sicubgikhm phr hxbhcchktg`m vhstr`m

ngbti bgvg gkngc`th irngk`kn`m primgsgmus ht gk thstgmikgum rh-

bhpth phbukgh prshkths cgtthr`s sgagccgs kistrgs sgagcc`vgmus '.

C'`bth hst nh 0480.

@

Bs`rh,

c` Bimpàkgh Oh`k Rgmikgs ht A`sp`rn

Bibhrhc rpikn`gt piur chs gktrts nu rig: R`gkt-Oh`k-

n'@brh ht N`mghtth, ch rig `v`gt piur d`kqughrs ch a-

kigs C`rb`rgi ht bhtth pugss`kth sibgt nh m`rbl`kns

`vhb c`quhcch s`gkt Ciugs `v`gt tr`gt piur ch tr`kspirt nh

shs triuphs hk Irghkt, qug cug `v`ghkt eiurkg nh kim-

drhux v`gsshùx ht nikt chs b`gsshs e`bgcgt`ghkt chs miu-

vhmhkts n'`rahkt kbhss`grhs c '`rmh riy`ch

.

Cirsquh Ciugs G\ qugtt` c` ^hrrh-R`gkth, gc c`gss` ukh

bhkt`gkh nh blhv`cghrs sius ch bimm`knhmhkt nhAhie-

eriy nh R`ragkhs. Chs simmhs rhmgshs ù np`rt hktrh

chs m`gks nu blhv`cghr s'pugsrhkt dghk vgth. Ahieeriy

egt `pphc ù rig nh Er`kbh qug c'ùtirgs` hmprukthr hk

0

M s.

01,


19/60

40

sik kim qu`trh mgcch cgvrhs tiurkigs. Puhcquh thmps

`prs, gc e`ccut quh s`gk t Ciugs

cug

iuvrt uk kiuvhù

brngt : bhtth eigs ik s'`nrhss` ukh sibgt nh d`kqughrs

nh Rghkkh nikt chs ipr`tgiks sh e`gs`ghkt hk Gt`cgh, hk

Er`kbh ht hk V`chstgkh. Hcch `v`gt piur blhe Tic`kn Dik-

shgakhur, qug t`gt ùssg d`kqughr nu V`ph ht quh

Bcmhkt GU thk`gt hk ar`knh hstgmh. Chs blhv`cghrs nu

^hmpch bl`ras nh kaibghr ch prhmghr hmprukt, s'-

t`ghkt `nrhsss `vhb subbs ùx m`rbl`kns nh Vc`g-

s`kbh

0

,

B't`ghkt nh ar`kns m`kghurs n'`rahkt quh bhs blh-

v`cghrs nu ^hmpch. Gcs eurhkt `vhb chs Lispgt`cghrs chs

b`gssghrs nhs Brigs`nhs. Ch rig n'@kachthrrh chur `v`gt

bikeg chs simmhs chs pcus biksgnr`dchs. B'hst bh quh

kius `pprhkn O`bquhs nh Ugtry ?

R`kh lib gkthr bihthr` kkcc`thkus

sgchknum

bhkshkms

quin

rhx

@kacirum

Lhkrgbus

phbukg`m

mkct`m

`pun

^hmpc`rgis ht

Lispgt`c`rgis

nunum bikahsshr`t ?

qu`, ht

^yrus nhehks`.

ht

hphthr` khaitg rhakg utgcgthr hxphngt`. L`kb ùthm phbukg`m

Thx màkgeg`gs, pg` ht khbhss`rg` privgsgikh, gk ^hrryh sudsg-

ngum, phr muctis `kkirum bgrbucis, Ohrisicym`m tr`ksmgsh-

r`t ? hkous summ`, ut ngbgtur, gk trgagkt mgccg` m`rb`rum hx-

brhvgt -.

Hk bhs thmps nh cutths phrptuhcchs i chs b`gsshs nh

c '`rmh piuv`ghkt e`bgchmhkt timdhr ùx m`gks nh

c'hkkhmg, chs ^hmpcghrs sh bl`rah`ghkt nhs npts ht hk

rpikn`ghkt ùx npisgt`grhs. Ik sh siuvghkt nu p`ssàh

nh Oigk vgcch pripis nh c` r`ki k nh s`gkt C iugs. Chs

rhssiurbhs nu rig t`ghkt pugshs ht gc cug m`kqu`g t hk-

0

U.

Dgdcgitlquh nh c'Hbich nhs Bl`rchs,

GU '

srgh, GU

h

vic.

Hmprukts nh s`gkt

Ciugs hk V`chstgkh ht hk @ergquh,

p`r M. A. Rhrvigs.

0

Dika`rs,

Ahst` Nhg phr Er`kbis,

p. 0082.


20/60

44

birh trhkth mgcch cgvrhs piur bim pcthr c` sim m h hxg-

ah. Oigkvgcch bikshgcc` s`gkt Ciugs nh chs nhm`knhr

ù bim m `k nhu r ht ù m `rbl`c nu ^hm pch. Ch rig chs"

hkviy` qurgr ht ch rig mh ngt quh oh ch chur ngssh.

Pu`kn oh ch chur hus ngt, errh Htghkkh n'Itrgbiurt, qug

t`gt bim m `kn hur nu ^hmpch, mh ngt `gksg ? Rgrh nh

Oigkvgcch, bh bikshgc quh vius nikkhz k'hst kg dik,

kg r`gsikk`dch: b`r vius s`vhz quh kius rhbhviks chs

npts hk thcch m `kgrh, quh p`r kis shrm hk ts, kius kh

chs piuviks ncgvrhr hxbhpt :S bhux qug kius chs d`gc-

chkt. GG y hut `sshz nh nurhs p`richs ht n'gkourghushs

hktrh mig ht cug. Ht `cirs errh Thkùn nh Ugblghrs,

qug t`gt m`rbl`c nu ^hmpch, prgt c` p`rich ht ngt

`gksg ? Rgrh, c`gsshz `cchr c` ngs pu th nu shga kh ur nh

Oigk vgcch ht nh kitrh bi m m `kn hur : b`r, `gksg quh

); kitrh bim m `knh ur ch ngt, k iu s kh pi urr gik s rghk

d`gcchr quh kius kh eussgiks p`rou rhs. Ht qu `k t bh

quh ch skbl`c vius bikshgcch qu h, sg ki us kh vi u-

Giks vius hk prthr vius hk prhkghz, gc kh ngt p`s c

ukh dghk ar`knh mhrvhgcch, ht vius hk ehrhz vitrh

vicikt: ht sg vius prhkhz nu ktrh, kius hk `viks

dghk `sshz nu vtrh hk @brh piur quh vius kius n-

nimmàghz dghk. Oh ngs ù rig quh

o ' g r`gs ,

s'gc ch

viuc`gt : ht gc mh ch bimm`kn`. Oh m'hk `cc`g vhrs ukh

nhs a`crhs nu ^hmpch, c` m`trhssh a`crh : ht qu`kn

oh vi ucu s nhsbhknrh n`k s c` sh ktg kh nh c` a`crh, c

i ch trsir t`gt, oh nhm`kn`g ù bimm`knhur nu

^hmpch qu'gc vkt vigr bh quh oh prhknr`gs: ht gc kh

n`gak` p`s vhkgr. Ch m`rbl`c ngt qu'gc vghknr`gt vigr

c` vgichkbh quh oh cug ehr`gs. Rgtt quh oh eus nhsbhknu

c i ch trsir t`gt, oh nhm`kn`g ù trsirghr nu ^hm-

pgh, qug t`gt c, qu'gc mh d`gcct chs bche

s

n 'ukh lublh


21/60

42 -

qug t`gt nhv`kt mig : ht cug, qug mh

vgt

m`garh ht n-

bl`rk nh c` m`c`ngh, ht `vhb c'l`dgt quh o'`v`gs hk

; prgs ik , ngt qu 'gc kh m 'hk d`gcchr`gt p`s. Ht o '` ph r us

ukh bigakh qug t`gt c thrrh: ht `cirs oh c` prgs ht

ngs quh o 'h k ehr`gs c` bche

nu

rig. Pu`kn ch m`rbl`c vgt

bhc`, `cirs gc mh prgt p`r ch pigka ht mh

ngt

? Rgrh,

kius viyiks dghk quh b'hst vgichkbh quh vius kius

e`gths, ht ki us vi us ehriks d`gcchr chs bches. @cirs gc

- bi m m `k n` ù trsirghr qu 'ik mh chs d` gcct: ht qu `k n

ch m`rbl`c hut ngt ù trsirghr qug

o 't`gs ,

gc hk eut

tiut d`lg. Oh triuv`g quh bhtth lublh quh o 'iuvrgs

t`gt Kgbic`s nh Bligsg, uk shrahkt nu rig. .ch oht`g

nhlirs bh quh o 'y triuv`g n'`rahkt, ht `cc`g m'`ssbigr

c` priuh nh kitrh v`gsshù, qug m'`v`gt `mhk. Ht

i oh pr gs ch m `rb l`c nh Er`kbh ht ch c`gss`g `vhb c'`r-

ahkt: ht sur c` a`crh oh mgs ch mgkgstrh nh c`

^rg-

kgt. Ch m`rbl`c thkn`gt c '`rahkt ù mgkgstrh sur c`

a`crh, ht ch mgkgstrh mh ch d`gcc`gt sur ch v`gsshù c

i

o 't`gs .

Pu`kn kius vkmhs sur c` a`crh nu rig,

oh bim m hk `g brghr ù rig ? Rgrh, sgrh, rha`rnhz

bimmh oh sugs a`rkg ' .

Chs ^hmpcghrs kh sh bikthkt`ghkt p`s nh bh rch nh

bisgak`t`grhs ? chur m`gsik e`gs`gt ùssg c` d`kquh

`gksg quh kius ch viyiks p`r ukh bl`rth nhs @rblgvhs k`-

tgik`chs, n`ks c`quhcch Dc`kblh nh Diurdik rhbikk`t

`vigr rhu nhs ^hmpcghrs, c 'gkst`kbh nu rig s`gkt Ciugs,

ukh simmh nh 2,1.'O6 cgvrhs tiurkigs. (@. 04>7.) M`gs hk

akr`c chs blhv`cghrs nu ^hmpch sh dirk`ghkt ù rch

nh b`gssghrs ? gc `rrgv`gt p`reigs qu'gcs kg`ghkt ch npt. @

R`gkt-Oh`k-n'@brh , Oigkvgccb chur bikeg` qu`trh bhkts

0

Oi gkvg c cb , p .

4.'O2.


22/60

>

cgvrhs. Pu`kn ch skbl`c hkviy` blhrbl hr qu` r`kth

cgvrhs piur shs nphkshs, ch bim m `k nhu r cug rpik ngt

qu'gc k'`v`gt p`s n'`rahkt cug ht qu'gc kh ch bikk`gss`gt

p`s.

Oigkvgcch

pirt` `cirs shs pc`gkths ù m`trh nu

^hmpch qug s'mut eirt ht ch prg` nh sh nsgsthr nh bhtth

nhm `kn h. Rgkik, oh kh viu s `gmh r`g p cu s, cug ngt-gc,

b`r vius viuchz e`grh hkthknrh quh kis errhs sikt nhs

c`rriks. Ht oh cu g ngs quh oh mh nsgsthr`gs p`s, s'gc

pc`gs`gt Nghu. Oh eus qu `trh oi u rs hk bh m `c`gs h nh

bur, bimmh bhcug qug k'`v`gt pcus nu tiut nh nhkghrs

nphkshr. @prs bhs qu`trh oiurs, ch m`trh

vgkt

mig tiut rg`kt, ht mh ngt qu'gc `v`gt rhtriuv mhs nb-

kghrs. Viur c` m`kgrh nikt gcs eurhkt triuvs, bh eut

p`rbh qu'gc `v`gt bl`ka ch bimm`knhur

nu

p`c`gs ht

c '`v`gt hkviy uk diura qu'ik `pphcch Rpliurg: ht

bhcug-c mh rhkngt mhs nhkghrs

0

.

Viur dghk bimprhknrh c` kbhssgt nhs t`dcgsshmhkts

nh d`kquh phkn`kt chs Brigs`nhs, gc eùt sh rhknrh

bim pth sik ndu t n 'ukh nh bhs au hrrh s s`gkth s ht c`

sugvrh n`ks s` m`rblh. C'hxbhcchkt cgvrh nh M. Tg`kt

kius e`bgcgth sgkaucgrhmhkt bh tr`v`gc ht kius k'`viks

pcus qu' rsumhr quhcquhs pàhs nh WHxpngtgik nhs

Rb`kngk`vhs hk ^hrrh-R`gkth. Ch bchra gmp ish cu g-

mmh shs rhvhkus hk e`vhur nhs R`gkts-Cghux: chs sud-

sgnhs sik t vits ht c` phrbhptgik s'ira `kgs h n'u kh eìk

rau cgrh sur chs dghk s hbbcsg`stgquhs. Nhs bicchbth urs

sikt bligsgs : gcs p`rbiurhk t ch p`ys ht cvhkt n` ks

bl`quh p`rigssh chs nmhs ht chs vgkatgmhs : c '`rahkt hst

r`ppirt ù sgah hpgsbip`c, ht c 'vquh nikkh qugtt`kbh

ù bicchbthur. @prs nhux iu trigs `kk h s, chs sim m hs

0

Oigkvgcch, p. 412


23/60

48

bhk tr`cgs hs s'cvhk t uk blgeerh gm pi rt` kt . Chs ca`ts

`rrgvhkt nh Timh, mukgs nh churs piuvigrs. Gcs vrg-

eghkt chs bimpths: gcs nikkhkt m`gk-chvh ùx vquhs

nhs simmhs phruhs ht gcs prhkkhkt hk bl`rah ch prinugt

nhs sudsgnhs. Uhku nh p`rtiut

c'gmpt

hst hk mòhurh

p`rtgh sicn hk mikk`gh nh bugvrh qu'gc eùt bl`kahr

biktr h nh c'`rah kt ? bhc` e`gt, ch p rinugt nhs bicchbths hst

hxpng nhs m`gsiks nh d`kquh gt`cghkkhs, iu piur

pcus nh srht hkbirh, chs d`kqughrs eikt tiublhr iu

vikt tiublhr chs simmhs n`ks chs biktrhs i hcchs ikt

t rhbuhgccghs. C'`rahkt hst ùx m`gks nu V`ph ? ch Riu-

vhr`gk-Viktgeh c'hxpngh ns-cirs ùx p`ys n'iutrb-mhr,

sigt p`r c` vigh nhs blhv`cghrs nu ^hmpch iu nh c'Lpg-

t`c,

sigt p`r ch miyhk nhs m`gsiks nh d`kquh ? ik ch

ngstrgduh ùx Brigss: gc sudvghkt ùx dhsigks nu rig nh

Orus` chm iu n h Blyprh, bhux nhs ^hm pcghrs ht nhs

Lispgt`cghrs. Gc p`gh hk ar`knh p`rtgh c'`rmhmhkt nhs

v`gsshù x nh tr` ks pi rt ht c` sicnh nhs triup hs ùx gcg`grhs.

Ch pcus siuvhkt chs sudsgnhs nu bchra sikt npiss

hktrh chs m`gks nhs blhes nh c` Brigs`nh.

Pu`kn s`gkt Ciugs, nh soiur R`gkt-Oh`k-n'@brh, mgt

hk ncgdr`tgik sik rhtiur hk Er`kbh, Aug

Mùvigsgk

eut

bl` ra , ù ki m nhs errhs nu rig, nhs d` riks ht nu

bimth nh Ec`knrhs, nh ngrh ù rig quhc t`gt c'`vgs nu

bikshgc. Aug Mùvigsgk ipgk` piur ch np`rt : ch rig

gkthrriah` shs errhs, ch bimth nh Oèe` ht ch ca`t nu

V`ph, qu g tius eurhkt nu mmh `vgs. Oigk vgcch p`rc` ch

qu`tirzgmh: sik shktgmhkt eut `dsicumhkt biktr`grh

bhcug nhs pr ip gk` kts. Ch ca`t m h n gt tiut ebl ?

Bimmhkt piurr`gt-gc sh e`grh quh ch rig pt thkgr c`

b`mpà kh `vhb ùssg phu nh triuph s qu 'gc hk ` 9 Ht

oh cu g rp ik ngs ùssg n'uk `gr ebl, p`rbh qu 'gc mh


24/60

45

shm dc`gt qu 'gc m h ch ngs`gt piu r m h pgquh r ? Rgrh, oh

vius ch ngr`g, pugsqu'gc vius pc`t. Ik ngt, Rgrh, oh kh

s`gs sg b'hst vr`g, quh ch rig k'` hkbirh rghk nphks

nh shs nhkghrs, m`gs shuchmhkt nhs nhkghrs nu bchra.

Nikb, quh ch rig nphksh shs nh kgh rs, ht qu h ch ri g

hkvigh qurgr nhs blhv`cghrs hk Mirh ht iutrh-mhr : ht

qu`kn ik hkthknr` ngrh quh ch rig nikkh dghk ht c`r-

k ahmhkt, chs blhv`cghrs cug vghknrikt nh tiuths p`rts,

ht p`r c gc piurr` thkgr c` b`mp`akh phkn`kt uk `k,

s'gc pc`t Nghu

0

.

Ik s`gt bimmhkt s`gkt Ciugs sh nthrmgk`, biktrh

c'ipgkgik nh tiut sik bikshgc, rhsthr hk V`chstgkh ht

bim m hkt gc rhmhrbg` Oigkvgcch n'uk `vgs sg c gdrhm hkt

nikk .

Chs nhkghrs nu bchra, piur mh shrvgr nh c'hxprhssgik

nh Oigkvgcch, suppirt`ghkt nikb ukh ar`knh p`rtgh nhs

nphkshs nhs Brigs`nhs ? kius piuviks kius rhknrh

bimpth p`r quhcquhs chttrhs nu V`ph Likir GGG- nh

c'gmpirt`kbh nhs simmhs rhbuhgccghs p`r ch R`gkt-Rgah

n`ks tiuth c` blrtghkt ht hkviyhs p`r shs sigks, hk

^hrrh-R`gkth. Bh sikt, hk akr`c, chs ^hmpcghrs, chs Lis-

pgt`cghrs ht chs irnrhs mgcgt`grhs qug sikt bl`ras nu

tr`kspirt nu kumr`grh privhk`kt nhs ngxgmhs ht nhs

`umkhs .

O 'hmprukth c`

V`criir/gb

nh Mgakb (timh BB\WG,

bic. 21 ht 2


25/60

dubi er`trhm Lispgt`cgs Ohrisicymgt`kg, lispgt`cgs s`kbtg D`sgcgg

Cgs mgcch `b nu bhk tis ht shx idicis ht ngmgngum gkth r kivi s, vh -

thrhs ,

`tquh nupcgbhs, kivhm Rjge`tis, shpthm m`r` cmtgk is, ht

prshthrh` gk Rjge`tgs ht ùri er`bti `n piknus Tim`kum ukbg``

ibtiagkt` : qush vgnhcgbht imkg` Dumm`m ibtgkahktirum qugk-

quàgkt` cgdr`rum Vrivhkghksgum shk`tus `ttgkaukt, ngsbrhtgikg

vhstrbh ph r `pisticgb` sbrgpt` m `kn `kths qu`tikus h` gk. khbhssg-

t`tgdks ^hrrh R`kbe`h, peiut mhcgtgs hxphngrh vgnhrgtgs, hxphk-

n`tgs, l`dhkths prngbtum er`trhm gk Nimgki bimmhkn`tum,

ht hum `n nimum su`m, bug s`tgs hssh kisbgtur khbhss`rgus,

qu`ktibgus pituhrgtgs rmgtthkths. ^`ktumnhm htg`m `ssgak`rg

ehbgmus mà gstri ht er`trgdus @vhktgkg, qug phr kuktgum suum

nhdhkt gccun vidgs sgmgcgthr nhstgk`rh. Mgsgmus q'uiquh vidgs `kki

prphthrgti phr ^hmpc`rgis summ`m ùrg mgcch cgdr`rum Vrivh-

kghksgs mikhthh v`cbkthm, nh qu` kucckm `nlub l`dugmus rhs-

Gtiksum ` vidgs. Ngspikgmus, htg`m mgtthrh vidgs phr Lispgt`c`-

c'gis ht ^hmpc`rgis mgcch qu`nrgkahkt`s m`rb`s `rahktg, bum bik-

sgcgi vhstri ht kidgcgs vgrg Oi`kkgs Drhkhk bimgtgs, bum `n vis,

Nhi nubh, phrvhkhrgt, hxphknhkn`s. Rhn ht hchbti @ktgiblhki

pripisugmus pri khbhssgt`tgdus sugs phbukg`m mutu`rh, qu`m

gpsh nhmum rhnnht pri khbhssgt`tgdus ^hrrsR`kbtsh.

N`tum C`thr`kg `kki nuinhbgmi.

Ch trsir nu V`ph, uk trsir nh auhrrh, kh s'p`rakh

p`s ? eiurkg nh tiuths p`rts n`ks ch miknh blrtghk, ch

kumr`grh s'ukgegh piur `gksg ngrh, piur e`bgcgthr chs

tr`k sp ir ts. Gc sh bikvhrtgt hk ikbhs n 'ir, hk m `rb s

n'`rahkt, hk cgkaits: b'hst ch miyhk pr`tgquh, bhcug

qu'hmpcighkt ùssg chs rigs ht chs bimths. C` bikvhrsgik

nhs hspbhs sh e`gt n`ks ch riyùmh ? c'hxpngtgik nhs

simmhs s'iprh hk v`churs mt`ccgquhs. Cirsquh hk

0486,

Augccùmh nh Miktcb`rt, hkviy` ù p`ssàh nh

m`g ,

nh c'`rahkt ù bimth nh Vigtghrs, sik m`trh, ch

bimth rhut 10 m`rbs n'ir hk `keiurs, hk idichs, hk

ùausths ht hkphrprhs `blhths 05 cgv rhs 04 sics

nh-


26/60

4<

kghrs tiurkigs ht, hk iutrh, 0


27/60

47

GG

Xk dgia r`pl h `r`dh , Gdk Jl`ccgbk, ngt ? Nu r`kt chs

trigs `k kh s qu g su gvgr hk t c` bikquth nh ^yr, chs

Er` kbs bik tgku rhkt d`ttrh m ikk`gh `u kim nh

Hc-@mhr : m`gs `u diut nh bh thmps, gcs bhssrhkt nh

ch e`grh

0

.

3o y@w gIt `3;v[3\X o*l)S rkcg OsBwOG c y o )yi Gog\i

Chs lgstirghks `r`dhs bgthkt siuvhkt chs ngk`rs nh Riur

(^yr) yy`cS[ycxOt. Gc hst gk utg ch, oh phksh, nh rhchvhr gbg

tius chs thxths n`ks chsquhcs bhtth mikk`gh hst mhktgik-

kh . Gdk Hc-@tlr r`bikth quh T`ymikn, nh ^rgpicg, sh

r`blht` miyhkk`kt bhkt bgkqu`kth mgcch ngk`rs siury ?

Ch bim th T`y m ik n, nhsbhk n`kt nh R`knoyc (R`gkt-

Agcchs), prgkbh nh ^rgpicg, `v`gt t e`gt prgsikkghr p`r

Kiur-hn-Nk, prs nh L`rhm, n`ks c'`kkh 887 (005>).

GG t`gt rhst b`ptge ousqu' c` prshkth `kkh i R``n-

hn-Nk ch rhcbl` m iyh kk` kt bhkt bgkq u`k th m gcch n-

k`rs, mikk`gh nh ^yr, ht mgcch prgsikkghrs (musuc-

m`ks S

0

Gdk Jl`ccgbk, ngtgik nu B`grh, timh GG, p. 0


28/60

2

Gdk Hc-@tlr kius ` `pprgs quhcquhs pàhs pcus lùt

quh Kiur-hn-Nk, hk miur`kt, `v`gt

bikstgtu

uk chas

pghux nikt ch prinugt s'chv`gt bl`quh migs khue mgcch

ngk`rs nh c` mmh mikk`gh ? GG bikstrugsgt nh kim-

drhux

biccahs piur chs l`kegtbs ht piur chs sblèths,

`gksg quh c` ar`kn h mi squh ngth K iur ghkk h, Mis-

sic, nhs lpgtùx, nhs b`r`v`ksr`gcs sur cs riuths

ht nhs mik`strhs piur chs siuegs n`ks tius shs Ht`ts.

GG egt tius bhs t`dcgsshmhkts nhs nik`tgiks biksgn-

rdchs, ht o '`g hkthknu ngrh quh ch prinugt nh bhs chas

; pghux s'chv`gt p`r m igs khue m gcch n gk `r s, m ik k` gh

nh Riur

(^yr)

'.

M`jrzg

ht

Kiw`grg,

bgts p`r M. Pu`trhmrh n`ks ukh

kith nh Lgstigrh nhs

M`mciujs ,

kius p`rchkt ùssg

nhs ngk`rs nh Riur. @diu'0-Egn ht @diu'c-Vl`r`no rh-

prhk`kt c 'uk ht

c'ùtrh

c` vhrsgik nh Dhl`-hn-Nk, ù

suoht nh c` mirt nh R`cl-hn-Nk, s'hxprgmhkt `gksg. Ch

prhmghr ?

Ch shbikn hst pcus drhe ?

j[

Ch bcdrh irghkt`cgsth M. nh Rc`kh ` nikk c` tr`nub-

tgik sugv`kth nu p`ssàh n'Gdk-Jl`ccgbk qug ` tr`gt bh

0

Thbuhgc nh s Lgstirghks nh s Brigs`nhs ? Lgstirghks irghktùx, timh

G" , p . 5XA.

8

Lgstigrh nh s Ruct`ks m`mciujs, cimb

G

hr

, 4

h

p`rtgh,

p. >4.

2

@ducehn `kk`chs Muschmgbg, timh

GU, p. 02

Lgscirg` irghkt`cgs, ùcli rh Prhairgi @M -Vl`ràgi.

p.

>40,

ngtgik Vibihjh,

MNBC\\GG.


29/60

20 -

e`gt rhprinugt, `prs ch dgiar`plh `r`dh, p`r @diu'0-Vl`[

r`no ht rpt hk nhrkghr cghu p`r @diu'0-Egn ? Gdk

Rl`nnn s`ys gk tlh egrst p`rt ie lgs lgstirgb`c wirj ?

Gch (R`cncg `n Nm) chet, ik nygka, khgtlhr aicn kir

sgcvh r gk lgs trh `s ur y, w gtl tlh hxbhptgik ie gdrty-

shvhk K`sgrg`k ngrlhms `kn ikh aicn pgbh bigkhn `t

;; ^ yrh

0

.

Uigbg ch thxth nh Dhl`-hn-Nk, c'lgstirghk nu suct`k

R`cl-hn-Nk ?

Oh nik kh c` tr`nu btgik nh Rblucthks ? Khmph t`k-

); t` ru m ip um pisshssirh nhmirtui., k glg c rhph rtum gk

shr`rgi `rahktg , prshthr shpthm ht qu`nràgkt` nr`bl-

m `s k`z`rgtgb`s, kgl gc q uiquh ù rg, pr`)thr u ku m

kummucum ^yr gum, bu ous piknus gakiri .

Xkh v`rg`kth nu thxth nikt oh nigs c` bikk`gss`kbh

c` dghkvhgcc`kbh nu s`v`kt M. nh Rc`kh, pirth

GO[O[

c*[

}

c[yh Co5g b'hs t- -n grh , uk shuc nohrm n'ir nh Riur .

Chs lgstirghks quh ki us vhkiks nh bgthr m hktgi kkh kt,

gc hst vr`g, ch ngk`r Riury, m`gs gcs kh kius nikkhkt p`s

nh rhkshgakhmhkts ù suoht nh bhtth mikk`gh. Nhux

thxths n'ukh gmpirt`kbh b`pgt`ch n`ks c` quhstgik bim-

dchk t lhurhush m hkt bhtth c`bukh.

Ch pchrgk Gdk Noidhr r`bikth qu'hk `cc`kt ^yr,

gc `rrgv` n`ks ch ngstrgbt nh Lc`, nh Bhsbl`r`, ù kirn

nh c` A`cgch ? c gc rhkbiktr` nhs

Mialr`dgks

siumgs

0

Gdk Jl`ccgj`gs Dgiar`pl gb`c Ngbtgik`try,

timh GU, p.

gcgo.

s

Ugt hu Mhs ahsths suct`kg R`c`ngkg, htb., ùbtiri Xi/uucgui E. Rohn`ng, S;.

04 ?

ngtgik Rblucthks.


30/60

2

uk gmpt n'uk jgr`t ht n'uk ngk `r nh c'hspbh nhs n gk` rs

siury, p`r tth. C` bùsh nh bhtth bi ktr gdu tgik chvh

sur hux p`r chs Er`kbs t`gt bhcch-bg

?

Xkh triuph

nh bhs

Mialr`dgks hk p`gx `vhb chs blrtghk s s't`gt `ccgh

Kiur-hn-Ngk, ht prs `vigr pr gs u kh eirthrhssh sur chs

Er`k bs, gcs `v`ghkt prchv ch pcus rgblh dutgk. Chs blr-

tghks grrgts, `v`ghkt bltg bhs rvicts hk chu r gkecg-

ah`kt bhtth biktrgdutgik ?

O-B @O[yt M ooocg;O G o * Q -@ oo [ C i g @-

Chs ngk`rs Riury ikt t er`pps ^yr, bimmhchs

ngk`rs Mgsry

òy`*

Mgsr

`

ht chs ngk `rsNgmhsbljy N`-

m`s. Dhc`nsirg ngt, hk p`rc`kt n'@dn-hc-Mhcgj

2

, quh bh

jl`cgeh egt er`pphr nhs ngk`rs N`m`s

B'hst c'hxprhssgik `r`dh: c` m ikk `gh, qug pirth siuv hkt

ch kim nu siuvhr`gk qugc` er`pph, pi rth p`reigs ùs sg

ch kim nhc` vgcchi hcch` t er`pph.

Xk s`v`kt ùquhc c` kum gsm `tgquh `r`dh hst rhnh-

v`dch nhs mhgcchurs tr`vùx, M. Rtgbjhc, ` siuchv bhtth

quhstgik ?

Q` s sgk n [ [ g [ X [ O c 9 Puh sik t chs n g k `r s

nh

Riur

>

9

Chs quhcquhs cgakhs quh o ' ` g bgths n'Gd k

Jl`ccgbk, ikt bl`pp ù s`v`k t priehsshur nh c X-

kgvhrsgt nck`.

Oh kh

niuth

p`s

qu'`vhrtg

p`r

h c chs ,

M. Rtgbjhc k'ht `d`knikk nhs hxpcgb`tgiks qug

cu

ùr`ghkt p`ru gksueegs`kths. M. Rtgbjhc suppish quh bhtth

hxprhssgik nh ngk`r siury kh vghkt p`s nh bh quhc`

0

GdkNoid`r, bngcin

dy

Qrgalt,

p.

26>.

U. Chs Lgstirghks

nhs

Brigs`nhs

Lgstirghks irghktùx, timh

GG, p.

40


31/60

mikk`gh ` t er`pph Riur, b'hst--ngrh ^yr. Gc

phksh quh chs @r`dhs qug, ùx prhmghrs thmps nh c`

bikquth musucm`kh, s 't`ghkt shrvg nh c` mikk`gh n'ir

nhs Dyz`ktgks `v`kt n'`vigr `nipt ukh mikk`gh k`tgi-

k`ch, ikt

e`gt

pcus C`rn usàh n`ks c` Ryrgh nhs mik-

k`ghs arhbquhs, bikburrhmmhkt `vhb chs ngk`rs er`pps

n`ks churs priprhs `thcghrs. Bhs mikk`ghs, ik chs kim-

m`g t siury, p`rbh quh b't`gt prgkbgp`chmhkt Riur

quh chs m`rbl`kns `r`dhs e`gs`ghkt bimmhrbh `vhb chs

Arhbs.

M. Rtgbjhc,

`d`knikk`kt pcus t`rn bhtth gnh, `

`bbhpt

c'gkthrprt`tgik

nh

M. Khsshcm`kk

'.

N'`prs bh s`v`kt, ch mit siury kh nrgvhr`gt p`s nu

kim nh c` vgcch nh Riur, m`gs nu mit `r`dh

)y

* qug

vhut ngrh egaurh. Ch ngk`r nh Riur hst nikb uk ngk`r

hccgagb. Viurt`kt uk p`ssàh nh

A`zwgkg,

bgt p`r ch s`-

v`kt M. Rtgbjhc, bimd`t nh cug-mmh bhs lypitlshs. Bh

aiar`plh rhm `rq uh c '`rtgbch Riur, quh bhs ngk `rs

tgrhkt churs kims nh bhtth vgcch ht quh chs l`dgt`kts

nh c` Ryrgh ht nh c'Gr`j s'hk shrv`ghkt piur rachr churs

bimpths iu piur mghux ngrh, piur e`bgcgthr churs tr`k-

s`btgiks bimmhrbg`chs.

00 hst rh m `rq uh r quh bhtth gkngb`tgik ki us ` t ni k-

kh p`r B`zwgkg, `cirs quh ^yr, cgdrh hkbirh nu oiua

musucm`k, vgv`gt nh shs l`dgtunhs blrtghkkhs : b`r ch

aiar`plh `r`dh hst mirt ù migs nh Mil`rrhm nh c'`k

nh c'layrh 5


32/60

>

666 nh c'layrh, b'hst--ngrh n`ks c'`kkh 0470 nh c'rh

blrtghkkh.

Ch ngrh n'gdk Jl`ccgbk, b'hst--ngrh ch c'`gt nh c'mgs-

sgik n'ukh mikk`gh `r`dh er`pph p`r chs blrtghks `u

typh nh c` mikk`gh nu jl`cgeh E`tlgmgth Hc-@mhr-Dh-

@ljm-cc`d, kius hst bikegrm p`r chs mn`gcchs.

Gc hxgsth n`ks chs bicchbtgiks irghkt`chs ukh srgh nh

pgbhs n'ir n`ks chsquhcchs ik rhbikk`t nhs gmgt`tgiks

nhs mikk`ghs nhs E`tlgmgths ? hxbuts `vhb ukh ar`knh

l`dgcht, chs bigks nu biktrhe`bthur rhprinugshkt egnch-

mhkt chs ngk`rs qug cug shrvhkt nh minch. Viurt`kt

c 'gmgt`thur sh tr`lgt p`r quhcquh m`c`nrhssh n`ks c` c-

ahk nh, n`ks c` chttrh, n `ks ch tr`gt, ht p`reigs p`r uk

iudcg phut-trh vicikt`grh. Oh r`ppriblh gbg nhux mik-

k`ghs ? c` prhmgrh ` shrvg nh typh c` shbiknh ? b'hst uk

ngk`r nu jl`cgeh Hc-@mhr-Gb-@ljm-@cc`l er`pp Mgsr,

c'`k

80> nh c'layrh

(0046

nh

O,-B.).

K G .

Cahknh m`ragk`ch ?

@u kim nu Nghu bcmhkt ht mgsrgbirnghux, bh ngk`r ` t er`pp

Mgsr c'`k 80>.

4 Cahknh bgrbuc`grh ?


33/60

28

~yi| Mc -v$.gwI

@diu @cy Hc @gr.br dh-@ljm @cc`l mgr Hc Miumhkgk.

Cahknh gktrghurh ?

Hc Gmm bc M`ksiur.

@u rhvhrs ?

Cahknh m`ragk`ch ? ch symdich rhcgaghux tgr nhs

Riur`ths G\ ht C\c nu Bir`k ?

M`limht hst ch priplth nh Nghu qug c'` hkviy, htb.

4 Cahknh bgrbuc`grh ? ch symdich blggth ?

McOo O.s. Mc O[w: Os# Mc80 @O g)

G G k 'y ` nh Nghu qu'@cc`l ? @cy hst

c'`mg

n '@c c`l .

Cahknh gktrghurh ?

(Mikk`gh) `u tgtrh ch pcus

chv

Uigc ch typh prgmgtge. Ch k 4 sh r`ppriblh thcchmhkt

nu ngk`r quh oh vghks nh nbrgrh, gc hk hst ukh rhpri-

nubtgik sg

lhurhush

qu'ik bikeiknr`gt e`bgchmhkt ch

minch ht c 'gmgt`tgik : piurt`kt, ik sugt c` biktrhe`ik

n`ks c` sgkauc`rgt nh quhcquhs b`r`btrhs, n`ks c'iudcg

nh quhcquhs chttrhs. C` n`th ` t imgsh ht c` prhmgrh


34/60

25

cahknh m`ragk`ch s'`rrth c` n`th, `prs ch mit

@u kim nu N ghu bcmhkt bc mgsrgbirnghux , bh ngk`r

` bc er`pp M gsr, c `k

Ik triuvh nhs ngk`rs hkbirh migks egnchs, ùxquhcs

c'gc kh phut sh mprhknrh prhmgrh vuh ? thc hst

bhcug

ar`v sius ch k 2, pgbh ùx b`r`btrhs p`gs ht b`rrs

K 2. K" g.

nikt c` cahknh m`ragk`ch s'`rrth ù mity`*. Ch k" > `

sudg nhs `ctr`tgiks pcus ar`knhs hkbirh. Ch k" i, `vhb

shs b`r`btrhs d`rd`rhs, kh bikshrvh pcus quh c` ply-

sgikimgh

n'hkshmdch nh c` mikk`gh nu jl`cgeh Hc-

@mbr.

Xkh idshrv`tgik sh prshkth ? bh ngk`r hsc-gc gmgt nhs

pgbhs nh Mgsr iu nhs pgbhs nh R i u r 9 c c hst n gcgbgch nh

sh nbgnhr ? chs cahknhs sik t chs m m hs n` ks chs m ik -

k`ghs nh bhs nhux vgcchs, hcchs kh v`rghkt quh p`r ch kim

nh c` cib`cgt ?

y ;

iu

)y

*,

Mgsr iu Riu r. Bhs m its sh

rhsshmdchkt : c` m ikk` gh n'gm gt`tgik ` bikshrv ch : ht


35/60

21 -

ch >6, qu 'hcch ` eirthm hkt `bbhktu . Oh sugs pirt brigrh

quh ch biktrhe`bthur ` prgs piu r typh ch n gk` r nh Riur,

nikt c` zhbb`

t`gt

hktrh chs m` gks nhs blrtghks, m`gs oh

kh pugs c'èegrmhr ht oh p`ssh sur bhtth quhstgik nh nt`gc.

M`gs ch ngk`r bUHc-@mhr k'hst p`s ch shuc qug `gt t

gm gt ? bhtth srgh nhs gmgt`tgi ks nhs pgbhs e`tlgmgths

hst trs-kimdrhush. C` Dgdcgitlquh k`tgik`ch hk pis-

snh shgzh hxhmpc`grhs. Mik `mg M. GG. Rùv`grb, bc, mik

`m g M. Tiahrs, ikt hktrh churs m `gks ukh qu` r`kt`gk h

nh pgbhs nh m m h e`mgcch qu 'gcs ikt dghk viucu mh

bimmukgquhr ? gc m'` nikb t e`bgch n'tunghr bh mik-

k`yàh ht nh ch rhblhrblhr bc`ks shs v`rgts. O'`g rhk-

biktr dhùbiup nh ngk`rs gmgts nhs mikk`ghs nu

jl`cgeh E`tlgmgth Hc-Mist`kshr-Dgcc`l qug rak` bgk-

qu`kth-khue `ks, qug miurut hk 066> ht nikt c` mik-

k`gh t`gt rp`knuh n`ks tiuth c` V`chstgkh ht c` Ryrgh,

cirsquh chs Brigss hktrrhkt piur c` prhmgrh eigs hk

^hrrh-R`gkth. Chs nibumhkts c`tgks kius `pprhknrikt

dghktt quh bh mikk`yàh n'gmgt`tgik prbn` c 'piquh

gkngquh p`r Gdk-Jl`ccgbk ht qu'gc rhmikth ùx prh-

m grhs `kk hs nh c` bikquth. P u'gc kiu s sueegsh m `gk-

thk`kt nh r`ppriblhr chs mikk`ghs chs ukhs nhs ùtrhs ht

nh bikst`thr ch e`gt m`trghcchmhkt.

gU 5.

Ch k A ki us n ikkh uk ngk` r n'Hc-Mist`kshr-Dgcc`l

er`pp ^rgpicg ^`k >27 (06>1 nh O.-B).


36/60

2<

Cahknh m`ragk`ch ?

X yv`

xw-o

@u kim nu Nghu nmhkt ht mgsrgbirnghux, bh ngk`r ` ter`pph

^l`rdiucis (^rgpicg), c'`k >27.

C ah k n h gk t r g h u r h h k b gk q c g ak h s ?

Mi`nn

Ch shrv gthu r nh Nghu ht sik pri ta

c'Gm`m @diu-^`mgm

Hc-Mist`kshr-Dgcc`l

Hmgr Hc-Miumbkgk.

Cahknh bgrbuc`grh, bimmh ù k 0.

Cahknh gktrghurh hk bgkq cgakhs ?

\00 M

@

@cy

GG k'y ` nh Nghu (ou'@cc`l

ch shuc, gc k'` p`s n '`ssibg.

M`limht hst, c'hkviy nh Nghu.

hst c'`mg nh Nghu.

Rg îk r`ppriblh nh bh ngk`r c` pgbh rhprinugth ù

k 1, ik rhbikk `tr` c` m m h ngspisgtgik n` ks chs c-

K 1.

ahknhs, chs mmhs cmhkts n`ks chs chttrhs : quhcquhs

m its hkbirh phuvh kt sh cgrh, ch rhsth hst gknblgeer`dch.


37/60

Ch mit

- 27

hst trs-kht ht oh brigs cgrh ngstgkbthmhkt

n`ks c` cahknh bgrbuc`grh nu

nrigt

?

(o~ O

(@u kim nh Nghu) bcmhktht mgsrgbirnghux, bh ngk`r ` t er`pp

^l`rdiucis.

Ch rhsth m'bl`pph.

C'gmgt`tgik hst pcus m`c`nrigth hkbirh n`ks c` mik-

K -

< .

k`gb qug pirti ch k


38/60

>6

Mist`kshr-Dgcc`l k'`ghkt t chs prh m grh s biktrheìks

nhs hspbhs `r`dhs. Ch biktrhe`bthur hst shs prhmghrs

hss`gs, hss`gs m`c`nrigts bimmh ik ` pu ch vigr. Ch ngk`r

qug sugt, b'hst--ngrh ch ngk`r e`gt sur bhcug n'Hc-mhr,

n'ukh ar`knh suprgirgt nh e`drgquh, gkngquh no ukh

l`dgtunh ht ukh l`dgcht. Chs pgbhs trs-kimdrhushs

qu g pi rthk t chs chttrhs H ht ^ ht bhcchs qu g sikt m `rq u hs

c`

brigshtth

ikt nikb t

mgshs,

sugv`kt mig, n`ks

chs prhm grhs `kkhs nh c bik qu th. Bhs nhux ch ttrhs, V;

ht

^, sikt-hcchs chs gkgtg`chs nu kim

nh ^`kbrnh,

rahkt

hk

c'`k

006> nh

c`

prgkbgpùt

n'@ktgiblh

phkn`kt c` b`p-

tgvgt nh M`rb Hicgmikn ht phkn`kt c` mgkirgt nh sik

khvhu Goilmikn9 Kius gkngquhkt-hcchs chs kims nh

Dhrtr`kn

ht bhcug nh c` vgcch nh

^rgpicg,

nikt

Dhrtr`kn

eut

bimth nh c'`k 0067 c'`k 00049 ,Gh kh sùr`gs mh pri-

kikbhr sur bhtth quhstgik. Chs cmhkts sikt

trip

v`-

auhs ht, p`rt`kt, chs lypitlshs trip n`kahrhushs. Oh kh

vhux nhm `knhr bhs m ikk `ghs quh c` bikst`t`tgik nh bh

e`gt nh c'mgssgik nh mikk`ghs ù typh `r`dh er`pphs

p`r chs blrtghks.

Bh e`gt p`r`t sgkaucghr ù prhmghr `dirn, m`gs gc

triuvh sik hxpcgb`tgik k`turhcch.

Pu'ik sh rhpirth ùx brigs`nhs ? qu'ik sh r`pphcch bhs

pringaghux miuvhmhkts lum`gks qug ohtrhkt phkbc`kc

prs nh nhux sgbchs t`kt nh pipuc`tgiks nh

c'ibbgnhkt

sur

c` thrrh n'@sgh Er`k`gs, @kac`gs, @cchm`kns, Gt`cghks

sh subbnrhkt n`ks bhs hxpngtgiks iu sh rhchvrhkt tiur

tiur n`ks chs p`ys ibbups, s`ks qu 'u kh ibbup`tgik

negkgtgvh gmpist c` thrrh hkv`lgh chs l`dgtunhs ht chs

murs nhs bikqur`kts. C` Ryrgh, c` V`chstgkh, timdhkt

ù piuvigr nhs Brigss : m`gs bh k'hst c qu'ukh pisshs-

sgik vgàrh, ukh bikquth nh sure`bh. Ht`gt-bh uk p`ys


39/60

>0

bikqugs quh bhcug qug bit`gt a`rnhr pcus n'heeirts ht

nh s`brgegbhs q u'g c k'h k `v`gt bit p rh knr h9 Ht`gt-bh

ukh bikquth `ssurh quh bhcch qu'gc e`cc`gt nehknrh ch

chknhm`gk nh c` vgbtigrh biktrh uk hkkhmg v`gkbu c`

vhgcch9 Orus`chm ` sik riyùmh, ^rgpicg, @ktgiblh,

Hnhssh churs prgkbgpùts ? bh sikt c nhs pisshssgiks

miuv`kths piur `gksg ngrh, `rr`blhs t`ktt ùx R`rr`-

sgks p`r chs Brigss, t`ktt ùx Brigss p`r chs R`rr`sgks.

Chs `rmhs nu Blrgst, m`trhsshs nhs pisths mgcgt`grhs,

kh sh sikt quh mimhkt`kmhkt hmp`rhs nu p`ys ? c`

eirtukh nh c` auhrrh rhmht s`ks bhssh tiut hk quhstgik.

Chs bimmukgb`tgiks hktrh chs blrtghks t`ghkt ch pcus

siuvhkt biuphs, ht chs pc`bhs eirths nhs @r`dhs sp`-

r`ghkt chs ukhs nhs ùtrhs chs pc`bhs gsichs nhs Er`kbs.

Nhs d`knhs n'Hayptghks ht nh ûrbs p`rbiur`ghkt chs

b`mpàkhs

ht

thk`ghkt chs v`gkquhurs `ssgas n`ks chur

priprh bikquth. Ch v`gkbu rshrv`gt tiuoiurs shs nrigts

sur c` chrrh ibbuph p`r c'tr`kahr ? gc e`cc`gt nh tiuth k-

bhssgt bimpthr `vhb cug, n`ks chs thmps chs migks triu-

dcs nh c` b ikq uth . Au gccùm h nh ^yr ht O`bquhs nh

Ugtry kius ikt c`gss chs pcus burghux rhkshgakhmhkts

su r chs pi pu c`tgi ks nh c` Ryrgh ht nh c` V`ch stgkh . H tr`k ah

bikeusgik nh phupchs, mc`kah dgz`rrh nh r`bhs qug sh

rhkbiktr`ghkt sur bhtth thrrh thrkhcchmhkt hkv`lgh

B't`ghkt chs Er`k`gs, chs Drhtiks, chs @kac`gs, chs

Gt`cghks, `rms piur c` s`gkth bùsh ht tiuoiurs prts

c` auhrrh. Mgcgbhs nh c` Brigs`nh s`ks bhssh rhkiuvhchs

ht quh c'hsprgt nhs auhrrhs s`gkths oht`gt nh c'ibbgnhkt

sur c` thrrh primgsh. Bhux-c, c 'lgstirghk chs kimmh chs

vr`gs sicn`ts nu Blrgst. B't`ghkt chs m`rbl`kns nh A-

khs, nh Vgsh ht nh Uhkgsh nikt chs prhs s't`ghkt e`gt uk

kim gmmirthc n`ks chs prhmgrhs auhrrhs s`brhs : m`gs


40/60

>4

c` eig nhs `kbtrhs `v`gt e`gdcg hk hux. Gcs shr`ghkt hk -

birh gkegkgmhkt rhniut`dchs ùx R`rr`sgks, s'gcs rb-

kik`ghkt chur o`ciusgh ht chur

gks`tg`dch

`vgngt,

ht

s'gcs

k'`v`ghkt p`s hktrh hux nhs quhrhcchs gkthrmg-

k`dchs.

Gcs sh d`tthkt pcus viciktghrs chs uks biktrh

chs ù trhs quh biktrh c` phregnh r`bh nhs p` hk s,

bimmh gcs sh cgvrhkt dhùbiup pcus churs trègbs ht

tiuths sirths nh bimmhrbh

qu' c`

auhrrh piur ch

Blrgst, gcs roiugsshkt ht m`gktghkkhkt `gksg kis hk-

khmgs hk srkgt ' .

@u-nhssius nh bhs m`sshs v`rg`dchs n'hkv`lgsshurs,

vgv`ghkt chs biublhs suphrpishs nhs v`gkbus, chs phu-

pchs quh c`

auhrrh

`v`gt subbhssgvhmhkt siumgs. Chs

R`rr`sgks, bhux qug m`car c` ne`gth nhs churs rhst`ghkt

hkbirh egxs ù sic ht qug buctgv`ghkt c` thrrh n`ks chs

b`sùx nhs Er`kbs. Chs Arhbs ht chs Ryrghks nikt O`bquhs

nh @'gery kius ` p`rc cikauhmhkt ? GG y ` hkbirh n'ù-

trs limmhs, qug, ns chs thmps `ktgquhs, ikt l`dgt

bhtth mmh thrrh, sius c 'ùtirgt nh shs ngvhrs m`trhs,

Tim`gks. Arhbs, C`tgks ht D`rd`rhs, R`rr`sgks ht Blr-

tghks, sudgss`kt phkn `kt cika thm ps ht `vhb nhs bl `kbh s

v`rghs ch oiu a nh c` shrv gtunh , p `rti ut hsbc`vhs,

tiu-

oi ur s trgdut`grhs, rshrvs p`r churs m `trhs pi ur chs

tr`vùx n'àrgbucturh ht n'ùtrhs shrvgbhs nh bikngtgik

gkerghurh: bhux-c sikt `pphcs Ryrghks. Bhs limmhs

sikt piur c` pcup`rt s`ks eig, pchgks nh nupcgbgt,

c 'gkst`r nhs Arhbs, russ bim m h nhs rh k` rns , m hk -

thurs ht gkbik st`k ts, nvi us c` eirtu kh , tr`trhs .

Nhvhkus hspgiks vgc prgx, gcs nkikbhkt chs shbrhts

nhs blrtghks ùx R`rr`s gks, b`r gcs ik t t m cs

0

Dika`rs, chst Nhg phrEr`kbis p .0I


41/60

>2

hux, ht gcs sh shrvhkt nh chur c`kaàh. Chs Ouges hk-

tr`ghkt

ùssg n`ks bhs bimpcgbgts nhs r`bhs v`gkbuhs

biktrh ch v`gkquhur. K'iudcgiks p`s chs Viuc`gks, bhs

hke`kts nakrs nhs prhmghrs sicn`ts nh c` Brigs`nh,

ks hk V`chstgkh ht hk Ryrgh ht nhvhkus phu phu gk-

ngak hs nh chu rs prh s. Gcs subbnrhkt ùx pisshssgiks,

m`gs kik ùx vhrtus nh churs `hux, gcs `dusrhkt nhs

dghks

quh churs p`rhkts `v`ghkt bikqugs ù prgx nh

chur priprh s`ka. Rg chs

Viuc`gks

k'`v`ghkt `vhb hux

nhs'Er`kbs ht nhs phupchs n'ibbgnhkt, chs R`rr`sgks kh

chs rhn iu thr` ghk t p`s pcus n`ks chur cblht qu 'ik

kh rhniuth nhs ehmmhs. Hux-mmhs, bikbcu`kt nhs

tr`gts `vhb bhux-bg, sh roiugsshkt nh c` p`gx nhs hk-

kh m gs nu Blrgst : gcs sh susbgthk t s` ks bhssh nhs au hrrh s

bgvgchs ht trs-siuvhkt nhm`knhkt nhs shbiurs biktrh

chs blr tghks ùx hkk hm gs mm h nh ki trh eig.

Vc`bs `gksg ù mgcghu nhs R`rr`sgks, nhs Ryrghks, ht

p`rmg bhs Viuc`gks mmh quh churs l`dgtunhs ht churs

gktrts nikk`ghkt piur `ccgs c'hkkhmg, chs Er`kbs,

hkvhcipps p`r chs pipuc`tgiks irghkt`chs, sudgss`ghkt

churs murs ht churs usàhs. Nh pcus, chs kbhssgts

mmh nh c` sgtu`tgik gmpis`ghkt p`reigs nhs tr`gts nh

p`gx `vhb chs

@r`dhs.

Ik hk vgkt siuvhkt nhs tr`ks-

`btgiks `vhb chs mgrs nh c` V`chstgkh ht nh c` Ryrgh:

dghktt mmh nhs `ccg`kbhs ht nhs r`ppirts erquhkts

nh bimmhrbh ht n'bl`kah s't`dcgrhkt hktrh chs Musuc-

m`ks ht chs bicikghs mgcgt`grhs nh c'irghkt. Nh bh mi-

mhkt, c'`rahkt er`pp ù typh blrtghk kh

sueegs`gt

pcus

piur hktrhthkgr nhs rhc`tgiks eirbmhkt gmpishs `vhb

chs R`rr`sgks, gc e`ccut hmprukthr chur c`kauh ht churs

biutumhs ht `bbhpthr ukh mikk`gh mgsh, uk typh

qug chur et e`mgcghr.


42/60

>0

N'ùtrhs bùshs ùssg pugss`kths r`ppriblrhkt siu-

vhkt chs nhux r`bhs hkkhmghs. C` pcup`rt nhs prgkbhs

musucm`ks nh c '@sgh, mhtt`kt priegt chs cikas triudchs

qug `v`ghkt `mhk c` nb`nhkbh nhs Jl`cgehs nh c'Haypth

ht

c't`dcgsshmhkt

nu piuvigr nhs Rhcnoiujgnhs, `v`ghkt

pribc`m chur gknphkn`kbh. Gcs nhv`ghkt nikb br`gknrh

quh chs suct`ks nh Vhrsh, nhsquhcs gcs rhchv`ghkt, kh viu-

cusshkt pu kgr bhs `bths nh rvicth ht ruk gr tiuth c` Ryrgh

chur nim`gkh iu nu migks hk rhmhttrh chs prgkbgpùts

nhs

ehun`t`grhs

pcus siumgs. Chs Hmgrs mhk`bs nh

c` sirth n`ks c` pisshssgik nh churs vgcchs ht nh churs

thrr gtigrh s, sikah`ghk t c` eigs vgthr c` bicrh n'u k

m`trh pugss`kt ht sh m`gkthkgr n`ks chur piuvigr

usurp. Gcs sh cgau`ghkt `cirs `vhb chs C`tgks, ht chs uks

ht chs ùtrhs, Er`kbs ht @ r`dhs , triu v`gh kt uk h m u -

tuhcch a`r`ktgh n`ks bhtth ukgik kbhssgth p`r uk bim-

muk n`kahr. Vcus n'ukh eigs chs thkn`rns dc`kbs nh

Nid`s

sh mcrhkt ùx d`kkgrhs nh Dùniugk iu nh

Tiahr, ht pcus n'ukh eigs chs b`v`cghrs nh

îanhjgk

iu

chs `rblhrs nh Nog`v`cg qugttrhkt chs pc`gkhs n'@chp iu

nh N`m`s piur vhkgr bimd`ttrh n`ks chs r`kas nhs

Brigss ht rgv`cgshr `vhb hux n'`rnhur ht nh dr`viurh

biktrh chs ûrbim`ks n'Hc-Al`zy. \h vgt-ik p`s ùssg

trip siuvhkt chs blhes c`tgks, piusss chs uks biktrh chs

ùtrhs p`r

chs

pcus eukhsths ngsshksgiks, blhrblhr nhs

`ccgs iu nhs nehkshurs n`ks

c'hkkhmg

bimmuk nh

chur eig ht `pphchr chs prgkbhs musucm`ks `gnhr nhs

priohts n'`mdgtgik iu vhkahr nhs quhrhcchs phrsik-

khcchs9 Bhs `mgtgs, quh

c'gktrt,

iu

c`

p`ssgik nu mi-

mhkt e`gs`ghkt k`trh, t`ghkt p`ssàrhs, gc hst vr`g,

m`gs hcchs k'hk `mhkrhkt p`s migks nhs r`ppriblh-

mhkts hktrh chs nhux phupchs, r`ppriblhmhkts qug, sur


43/60

>8

ngvhrs pi gkts, c`gssrhkt chs tr`bhs chs p cus m `rqu hs.

@ @chp, p`r hxhmpch, vhrs ^`k 0044, chs acgshs s'ch-

v`ghkt bt nhs misquhs, ht chs blrtghks ht chs mu-

sucm`ks sugv`ghkt p`gsgdchmhkt chur bucth.Hm`n-hn-Nk

rhm`rquh quh K`pciush `v`gt t cikathmps l`dgth p`r

chs blr tghks ht chs @r`dhs sgm uct`k m hkt, ht quh chs u k s

ht chs ùtrhs buctgv`ghkt hk eirt dikkh gkthccgahkbh chs

b`mpàkhs nhs hkvgriks. Kius s`viks p`r @diu'0-Egn

quh cc`mc`l ht Cynn` eurhkt nikks hk p`rtàh ùx

@r`dhs ht ùx B lrtghks. Oh pi urr` gs òiuthr n'ù trhs

hxhmpchs nh bhs eusgiks hktrh chs nhux phup chs, m `gs

bhux-bg sueegrikt, oh phksh, priuvhr quh c` vgh chur eut

siuvhkt bimmukh.

Ir, bhtth hxgsthkbh bikeiknuh nh c` sirth, `pphc`gt

kbhss`grhmhkt uk bl`kah bikst`kt nhs dhsigks nh c`

vgh ? gc e`cc`gt, ns cirs, qu 'uk h m ik k`gh bik kuh nhs

uks ht nhs ùtrhs, vkt e`bgcgthr chs tr`ks`btgiks nh

bl`qu h oi ur . Chs Brigss bikshrvrhkt nikb chur m ik -

k`y` ah p` rtgbu cghr : churs pgbhs arhbqu hs iu c` tgkh s

bgrb uc rhk t hk trh chs Arhbs ht chs C`tgk s, m `gs gcs er`p-

prhkt, hk iutrh, nhs hspbhs mikt`grhs shmdc`dchs

bhcchs qug `v`ghkt biurs p`rmg chs @r`dhs bc bh kum-

r`grh, qug e`bgcgt`gt churs r`ppirts n'gktrt iu nh bim-

mhrbh `vhb chs Musucm`ks nh c` V`chstgkh ht nh c`

Ryrgh, t`gt `bbhpt n`ks tiut c'Irghkt. Eùt-gc s'hk tik-

kh r, ht kh vigt-i k p`s chs rigs blrtghks nh c` Airagh

iu nh c '@rm kgh, mcs nhs phupchs ù m gcghu nh s-

quhcs c` auhrrh chs `v`gt ohts iu quh c` auhrrh `mh-

k`gt ùtiur n'hux, biuvrgr churs mikk`ghs nh cahknhs

`r`dhs iu mikaichs. îuoiurs ukh mmh cig ragt chs

mmhs e`gts : uk phupch bikqur`kt hkv`lgt uk p`ys ht

ntru gt shs eirbhs m gcgt`grh s: m `gs ukh eirbh pcus ar`k nh


44/60

>5

quh c` rsgst`kbh `rmh ch sudouauh sik tiur sur bhtth

thrrh qu'gc ` siumgsh. Chs dhsigks m`trghcs, chs kbhs-

sgts mmh nh sik hxgsthkbh, ch r`ppriblhkt nh

c`

pipuc`tgik gkngakh v`gkbuh. Eirb nh vgvrh `vhb hcch

ht p`r hcch, gc p`rch sik c`kaàh, gc sh pcgh phu phu

shs l`dgtunhs, gc sudgt hkegk ukh p`rtgh nh shs usàhs,

sg tiutheigs mmh gc k'hst p`s `dsird p`r s` priprh

bikquth.

O 'cigakh nh bh tr`v`gc ukh quhstgik ùssg gmpirt`kth

quh bhcch nh

c'gkecuhkbh

nh c'Irghkt su r chs bicikghs hu-

riphkkhs. Puhcs eurhkt chs hm pr u kt s quh chs phupchs

ibbgnhktùx nhs Brigs`nhs egrhkt subbhssgvhmhkt ùx

usàhs ht

c`

bgvgcgs`tgik `r`dh 9 Oh kh pug s ht oh k'` g

p`s e`grh nh rpik sh bhtth nh m `k nh . Oh m h cgm gth,

oh c'`g ngt, ukh kith sur bh ngk`r n'gmgt`tgik quh chs

lgstirghks `r`dhs kimmhkt

ch

ngk`r nh Riur, ht ùquhc

chs lgstirghks c`tgks nikkhkt ch kim nh dhs`kt

R`rrubh-

k`cus, qu'gcs ngstgka uhk t `gksg nu

dhs`kt

R`rr`bbkus,

b'hst--ngrh n u dhs`k t `r`dh ? chs thxths vikt k iu s ch

priuvhr. Viurquig bhtth mikk`gh k'`-t-bcch p`s prgs ch

kim nh ngk`r, piurquig ch mit dhs`kt `-t-gc p rv` cu9

Oh kh sùr`gs ch ngrh. Chs Brigss qug sh shrv`ghkt nhs

pigns s`rr`sgks, nu ritc, p`r hxhmpch, qu'ik triuvh bgt

n`ks kis ùthurs, hmpciy`ghkt ùssg chs nkimgk`tgiks

`r`dhs piur chs hspbhs m ik t` grhs . Au gccùm h nh ^yr

kius

`

bikshrv c'ngt pribc`m n`ks tiuth

c`

^hrrh-

R`gkth p`r chs blhes nh c` brigs`nh c'`ppriblh nh c'`rmh

mhk``kth nh R`c`l-hn-G)gk. Pu`trh bicchbthurs eurhkt

bl`ras nh bhktr`cgshr r`pgnhmhkt chs biktrgdutgiks nh

auhrrh, `prs chs `vigr prchvhs sur tius chs l`dgt`kts.

e Lib ùthm nhdhkt idshrv`rh gk lgs imkgdus, qug l`dhkt


45/60

U`chks bhktum Dyz`ktgirum, buousbukquh cgaush, bkoksbukquh

k`tgikgs , buousbukquh

ecnhg,

kik l`dgt` ngeehrhktg` shx us ? ht

sgvh sgkt

vgrg, sgvh

sgkt

emgksh,

imkhs ckb chag sudo`bhdukt. Rg

vhri

prhhngbtg

qu`tuir shcbbtg, qug `n

lib

nhput`tg sukt, biaki-

vhrgkt p ri bbrti ,

q in

`cgbuous sudst`ktg` kik vè bhktum

Dyz`ktgis, `bbgpg`kt suphr bum Eiàgum, gn hs t, pr i eibi, G;y-

z`ktgum uk um ? quin sg kik pitubrgkt gkt haru m , `bbgpghkt ng-

mgngum : ht sg ngm gngum kik pitihrgt, `bbgpghkt T`dugkum,

shhuknur` dik` ecnh vgnhdgtur e`bghknum '.

Nu A`kah, qug bgth ch p`ssàh nh Augccùmh nh ^yr,

ngt ? T`digkus, T`dugkus mikht sphbghs gk rhaki

Lghrisicymgt`ki ht Byprgi. Oh brigs quh ch r`dig-

k us hst uk h er`btgik nu dhs`k t. B'hst ch m it ` r`dh ;:

riudnl, qug nsgak`gt ch qu`rt nu ngk`r. Pu`kt ù dhs`kt

R`rr`bhkus ht ù dhs` kt R`rr`bbk`cus, m its ùxquhcs

Nu B`kah `ttrgduh c` mmh

sgakgegb`tgik,

oh phksh quh

chs thxths qu h oh v`gs bgthr, sueegrikt n thrm gkh r c`

ngeerhkbh hktrh bhs hxprhssgiks.

Ch dhs`kt R`rr`bhkus hst dghk ch ngk` r `r`dh ? T`y -

m ik n n'@agchs ngt hk p` rc`k t nh c'mgr nh ^rgpicg, quh

piur vgthr quh chs Brigss `ssgah`sshkt s`

vgcch,

bht

m gr prip is`gt nh chur p`yhr uk gmpt ? Uichd`t

k`dgs

n`rh rhx ^rgpicgs qugknhbgm mgccg` ùrhirum

R`rr`-

bhk`h mikht`h -. Kius cgsiks, n`ks O`bquhs nh Ugtry,

pri pis n 'u k nhs egcs nh Rhge-hn-Nk ? Gsth pi rtt

vhx gccum bir`m hi, qu`k ni hq ugt`t gk hxphngtgikh.

Bug ukusqugsquh er`trum sgkaucgs `kkgs pri bbrti rb-

ngtu ngak gt`t gs su`) tr` ks m gttgt m gcch s`rr`bh kis "'.

Oh piurr`gs muctgpcghr chs bgt`tgiks. Pu`kt ù dhs`kt

0

Dià`rs,

Ahst` Nhg phr Er`kbis, p.

062>.

4

Gn., glgn., p. 058.

2

M.,

g/ gn., p. 004


46/60

><

R`rr`bhk`cus, b'hst c` pgbh er`pph ù typh `r`dh ? c`

eirmh p`ssgvh nh c'`nohbtge s`rr`bhk`cus kius

gkngquh

sueegs`mmhkt

c`

sgakgegb`tgik nh bh mit. Gc hst vr`g quh

ch vhrdh s`rr`bhk`rh kh sh triuvh p`s bc`ks Nu A`kah,

m`gs ch Aciss`grh kius nikkh blrgscg`k`rh (b`thblumh-

kum e`bhrh) : kiu s shktiks p`r `k `ciagh ch shksnuvhrdh

s`rr`bhk`rh ht s`rr`bhk`rg, nikt kius kh bikk`gssiks

quh ch p`rtgbgph s`rr`bhk`cus. Bh dhs`kt R`rr`bbk`tus,

kius ch triuviks p`rtiut mhktgikk n`ks nhs `bths nh

vhkth, n`ks nhs bhssgiks nh thrrgtigrh, n`ks nhs tr`gts

nh p`gx : gc sh bikstgtuh hk sim m hs bik sgnr`dchs n` ks

chs bik tr`ts nh m`rgàh prgkbghrs : gc hktr h hk bim pth

n`ks tiuths chs stgpuc`tgiks e`gths p`r chs blrtghks: gc

hst `vhb ch ngk`r s`rr`sgk, ch kumr`grh ch pcus hk usàh

n`ks tius chs p`ys nh c'Irghkt ibbups p`r chs Brigss.

ChBingbh ngpcimbngbi nhc s`bri mgcgc`rh irngkh Ahri-

sicgmgc`ki

,

pudcg

p`r Vìcg, chs

^`duch irngkgs

^lhu-

cikgbg nh Rtrhlcjh, ch ^rsir nhs bl`rths n @rmkgh,

nh W. C`kacigs, chs b`rtuc`grhs rb hm m hk t pu dcgs , chs

cchblhrbcghs aiar`plgquhs ht lgstirgquhs sur c` nim g-

k`tgik nhs C`tgks hkIrghkt, nh M. A. Thy: tiu ths chs

`rblgvhs nhs Brigs`nhs mhktgikkhkt ch dhs`kt R`rr`-

bhk`cus.

@k 005


47/60

>7

@k 0057. @it. Push vhri sgkt gcc`, shquhkbg` nhmikstr`kt,

sbgcgbht MBA dgs`ktgg R`rr`bhk`tg g` b`tlhk` @bbikhksh `kku`tgm

rhbgpghkng pri shrvgtgi nuirum mgcgtum, htb. Rtrhlcjh, p. 5.

@k 0012. M`rs. Kitum sgt imkgdus t`m prhshktgdus qu`m g'u-

turgs, quibc hai @m`crgbus phr nhg ar`bg`m gk s`kbt` bgvgt`th

Orus`chm C`tgkirum

rhx

qugktus

niki

ht

bikbhni ht

bikegrmh

pri p`kkgs gkggrmirum d`th M`rgh R`kt nimus cgispgt`cgs ^lhu-

tikgbirum pri `kgm` mh ht `kthbhssirum mhirum qu`nràgktis

dgs`ktgis R`rr`bhk`tis gk `ssgsg`m gk c'ukn` Kh`picgt`k` phr G0X'

OG

'

`kkg thrmgkis. Rtrhlcjh, p. 1.

@k 046>. Bl`rth nh Ar`rn nh Gc`m, bikkt`dch nh

^rgpicg qug vhkn ùx Lispgt`cghrs s` thrrh nh ûd`k ù

prgx nh nhux mgcch bhkt dhs`ks s`rr`bhk`ts ? Vrhtgi

nu id us m gccgdu s ht bhktum dgs`ktggs R`rr`bhk`tgs.

Vìcg, p . 74.

@k 040>. Bl`rth nh Cik, rig n'@rmkgh qug rhbik-

k`t `vigr rhu nhs Lispgt`cghrs c` simmh nh ngxmgcch

dhs`ks s`rr`bhk`ts ? Gpsh ùthm Nimgkus Màgsthr

bikshksu ht vicukt`th

er`trum suirum

nh

hchmisgkgs

Lispgt`cgs`mgb`dgcgthr nngt mglg nhbhm mgccg` dgs`k-

tgirum R`rr`bhk`tirum gk ùxgcgi

suppchkng

m`trg-

m ik gg ngchbth mhh tgcgh qu`m tr`ngng gk uxirhm

gccu strg Tag Olhri sicgm gt`ki . Vìcg, p.

06>.

@k 042A. Dh`trgx, egcch nh Aùtghr Chnur, vhkn ùx

Lispgt`cghrs nh c'irnrh ^hutikgquh ch b`s`g nh R`plhtcg

ù prgx nh mgcch dhs`ks n'ir ? Vrhbgidgs`k tgirum R`r-

r`bhk`tirum mgcch ùrg, quis `bbhpg ht nh qugdus mh

qught`mht sicu t`m vibi. Rtrhlcjh, p. 61.

@k 0454, o` kvg hr . @bth p`ss `prs `rdgtràh

nu

ca`t

nu p`ph hktrh c'vquh, ch bl`pgtrh nh c'acgsh nh K`z`rhtl


48/60

86

ht chs Lispgt`cghrs. C'vquh ht ch bl`pgtrh rhbikk`gsshkt

`vigr rhu nhs

Lispgt`cghrs

qu`trh mgcch dhs`ks n'ir

s`rr`bhk`ts ?

Gthm nhnhrukt

ht `ssgak`vhrukt kidgs

prhngbtgs `rblghpgsbipi ht b`pgtuci K`z`rhki gk phbu-

kg` kumbr`t` dgs`kbgirum ùrg R`rr`bhk`tirum qu`-

tuir mgccg` dhkh pik nr`tirum `n rhbtum pi kn us

@bbik quis ` o`m ngbtgs màgstri ht bikvhktu rbbh-

pgm us ht rbpgss bikegthmur rhk uk bg`k tbs hx bhp-

tgikg dgs`kbgirum kik ku m hr `ti ru m , kik rhbhpti-

rum

ht

kik dhkh

piknhr`tirum.

Vìcg, p. 01i.

Oh piurr` gs òiuthr hkbirh nhs b gt`tgik s bhs bgt`-

t giks,

m `gs oh br`gks nh kh chs `vigr quh trip m uctgp cghs .

Chs bl` rths eikt p`reigs m hk tgi k nu dhs` kt n'@ ktgiblh

Vìcg, p.

040, nu

dhs`kt nh

^rgpicg Vìcg, p.

044,

p.

027, p. 06.


49/60

80

Nh tius chs s`rr`bhk`ts, bhcug qug oiugt nu pcus ar`kn

brngt, b'hst ch dhs`kt ù pigns n'@brh, ùssg hst-bh cug

quh kius triuviks ch pcus siuvhkt kimm ht qug hst

ch pcus p`rtgbucgrhmhkt stgpuc n`ks chs biktr`ts.

00 rhss irt nh c'hx`m hk nhs bl`rths quh ch dhs`k t hst

n'`ra hk t ht n'ir ? blish ngakh nh rhm `rqu h Rg vi us hk

hxbhpthz quhcquhs mikk`ghs nh Blyprh ht n'@rmkgh,

c` mikk`gh n'ir nhs Brigss, oh p`rch nhs Brigss nh V`-

chstgkh ht nh Ryrgh, k'hxgsth p`s: qu`kt ùx hspbhs

n'gmgt`tgik `r`dh , hcchs sikt hk ar`kn kim drh n`ks

chs bicchbtgiks ht gc shmd ch quh ch dhs`kt ù typh s`r-

r`s gk, `bbhpt p`r chs blrtghks ht p`r chs m u su cm `k s,

`gt t c` mikk`gh n'ir qug `gt t c` pcus rp`knuh,

`vhb c` mikk`gh `r`dh, n`ks tius riyùmhs blrtghks

n'iutrh-mhr.

O 'hk bikbcus nikb quh c` mikk`gh er`pph ^yr,

^rgpicg, @ktgiblh ht @brh hst ch dhs`kt R`rr`bhk`tus

nhs blrikgquhurs ht nhs bl`rths, bimmh gc hst ch ngk`r

Riury nhs @r`dhs ? hxprhssgik akr`ch qu g sh r`pp irt`gt

tiut bh m ik k` y` ah n'gmgt`tgik ? bh qu g hxpcgquh ch

p`ssàh nh Dhl`-hn-Ngk ù suoht nh R`c`l-hn-Nk ? GG

kh c`gss` n`ks sik trsir quh qu`r`kth-shpt ngrlhms

K`sshrghl ht qu'uk nohrm n'ir, uk ngk`r Riury, nikt

o ' ga ki rh ch pigns.

Puhcch t`gt c` v`chur nu s`rr`bhk`t n'@brh9 Xkh bl`rth

nh c'` kk h 04>2 hxtr`gth nhs ^`dchs nh c` bi m m uk h nh

M`rshgcch, ht bgth p`r Nub`kah, rpikn bhtth quhstgik.

Ngmgngus @bbikgs bimput`tur pri cgdr`. Bh thxth

hst bikegrm p`r ch p`ssàh nh Oigkvgcch ù suoht nh

c` r`kik nu rig s`gkt Ciugs ? Ht `cirs chs bikshgcchrs

rhtiurkrhkt p`rchr ù Riun`k, ht r`ppirtrhkt ù rig

quh sg c` rhgkh viuc`gt p`yhr uk mgcgik nh dhs`kts


50/60

n'ir, qug v`c`ghkt bgkq bhkts mgcch cgvrhs, gcs ncgvrh-

r`ghkt ch rig '.

C` pi cgtgquh nu R`gkt-Rgah

shmdch

`vigr ticr phk-

n`kt trs-cikathmps bh mikk`yàh gmpis p`r chs

kbhssgts : m`gs phut-trh chs biktrhe`bthurs sh r`ppri-

blrhkt-gcs p`r trip nh churs minchs n`ks nhs hspbhs

qug kius ikt bl`pp ousqu'gbg iu quh kius kh piuviks

rhbikk`trh hk r`gsik mmh nh chur bimpcth rhsshm-

dc`kbh. îuoiurs hst-gc quh ch p`ph Gkkibhkt GU s'chv`

biktrh nhs l`d gtunhs t`kt sigt phu gm pghs. @ sik `rrgvh

nh ^hrrh-R`gkth, i gc `bbimpàk`gt ch rig Ciugs G\ hk

qu`cgt nu ca`t nu R`gkt-Rgah, ht bi m m h blhe spg rgtuhc

nh c` brigs`nh, Hunhs nh Bl`thùriux rhkngt bimpth ù

Riuvhr`gk-Viktgeh nh bh qug sh p`ss`gt iutrh-mhr. Kius

pissniks ch burghux r`ppirt

nu ca`t

nu V`ph phkn`kt

sik soiur hk Blyprh'-, m`gs kius `viks rharhtthr

c`

phrth nu

r`ppirt n'Hunhs nh Alcbùriux, n`t nh R`gkt-

Oh`k n'@brh ht hkviy Timh. B'hst uk pigkt nh bhtth

npblh quh rpikn c` chttrh sugv`kth n'Gkkibhkt GU

2

?

Gkkibhkt`gs, htb., htb.,

vhkhr`dgcg er`crg... hpgsb. ûsbuc`ki,

`pisticgb`h shngs cha`ti, s`cuthm... htb. , htb.

^r`ksmgss` kidgs gksgku`tgikh mikstr`tg, quin, bum tgdg cgqugnh)

bikstgtgssht quin gk dgs`kbggs ht nr`blmgs qu`h gk @bbikhksg ht

^rgpicgt`k` bgvgt`tgdus eghdùt blrgstg`kgs

kirkhk M`bligkhtck

`tquh `kkirum ` k`tgvgt`th gpsgus kumhrus sbucphd`ktur, tu gk

imkhs gccis qug kimhgg ht kumhrum gps` gk hgsnhm Cgs`kbggs ht

0

Oigkvgcch, p. m.

* N`blhrgg Rpgbgchagum, timh UGG, p.

402.

2

Inirgbg H`yk`cng biktgkuucgi @kk`cgv/ghbbcbsg`scgbirum D`rik gg `n `kkvM

MBBCGGG,

84, timh \GGG, p. 528.

Bhtth chttrh,

n`ks c`quhcch

s't`ghkt

acgsshs ousqu'gbg nhs hrrhurs nh

bipgh,

` ch

nhrkgrhmhkt rhprinugth n`ks c`

purht

nh siu thxth.

Uiyhz

c` s`v`kth ht burghush

tunh

quh

M. Lùrù, mhmdrh

nh

c'Gkstgtut,

` nikkh sius bh tgtrh ?

Puhcquhs

chttrhs n Gkkibhkt GU hxtr`gths nhs m`kusbrgts nu c` DgdXitlùs k`tgik`ch.

8/3/2019 Monnaies lgendes arabes frappes en

monnaies à légendes arabes frappées en syrie par les croisés / par henri lavoix

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