management urbain amirouche loucif

7/21/2019 Management Urbain AMIROUCHE Loucif.

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MGN[IXOAH Eiuonf Oi`suetm`tfirgmthur

=

GM@MDHGH@S X[KMN@ 2 _H[VNOH_

OI@OH[@Î_Ehs shrvnohs oi`ohr`îs pmr em dhsni` !r"mn`h si` 2

•

ehs shrvnohs #! dî`nh !r"mn`• ehs shrvnohs #h e $%ispnmenî

• ehs shrvnohs #h e $%m"nm

• ehs shrvnohs #h em oni&h``hî

• ehs shrvnohs 'mro%m`#s




;

DH_SNI@ X[KMN@HDH_SNI@ X[KMN@H

He!s Dhsni``mnrhs

Moni`s pienn(!hs )i`oni``h'h` #hs shrvnohs




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EH_ _H[VNOH_ *X DÎ@NH X[KMN@EH_ _H[VNOH_ *X DÎ@NH X[KMN@

Ehs shrvnohs #! dî`nh !r"mn` s $ioo!ph` #hs msphos enîs + 2

• e $hm!

• e î`hrdnh• e $îoemnrmdh

• em onro!emni` h eh smni``h'h`

• ehs pishs h îeîoi''!`nomni`s




3

EH_ _H[VNOH_ *H E $,I_-NSMENSÎEH_ _H[VNOH_ *H E $,I_-NSMENSÎ

Ehs shrvnohs #h e $%ispnmenî oi'prh``h` 2

• Em snd`meîn(!h

• Ehs monvnîs spirnvhs• Ehs einsnrs

• ehs monvnîs o!e!rheehs

• Em 'i"nenî h eh #îpemoh'h`




8

EH_ _H[VNOH_ *H E $,MKNSMSEH_ _H[VNOH_ *H E $,MKNSMS

Ehs shrvnohs #h e $%m"nm oi'prh``h` 2

• ehs shrvnohs #! dî`nh !r"mn` mppen(!î + e $%m"nm

• e $moo.s m!/ #rins• eh dmr#nh``mdh

• em 'mn`h`m`oh

• em rm`(!neenî




6

EH_ OIGGH[OH_ HS EH_ _H[VNOH_EH_ OIGGH[OH_ HS EH_ _H[VNOH_GM[O,M@*_GM[O,M@*_

Nes oi'prh``h` 2

•

Ehs oi''hrohs• Ehs dmehrnhs oi''hronmehs

• Ehs shrvnohs + #i'noneh




EH_ _H[VNOH_ *H EM ONSI<H@@HSÎEH_ _H[VNOH_ *H EM ONSI<H@@HSÎ

• *î'mro%hs m#'n`nsrmnvhs

• Moo.s m!/ #rins• H#!omni`

• _hrvnohs sm`nmnrhs h sionm!/

•

_îo!rnî




!

DH_SNI@ X[KMN@HDH_SNI@ X[KMN@H

He!s moni`s pienn(!hs

dhsni``mnrhs =i`oni``h'h` #hs shrvnohs

eh shorîmnrh dî`îrme hs eh dmrm` #h e h/îo!ni` #hspienn(!hs !r"mn`hs




"

EM DH_SNI@ X[KMN@HEM DH_SNI@ X[KMN@H

*î=n`nni` 2

; em dhsni` !r"mn`h oi`snsh #m`s eh 'm`mdh'h` #!

=i`oni``h'h` #hs shrvnohs + e $!smdh #hs %m"nm`s? #hsh`rhprnshs rîsn#h`hs h #h oh!/ (!n =rî(!h`h`pîrni#n(!h'h` i! îpnsi#n(!h'h` !` hrrninrh3 8




=#


;s $ne hs #n==noneh #h sr!o!rhr h #h dîrhr !` shoh!r? ne hsh`oirh pe!s #n==noneh #h dîrhr ehs n`hr=mohs #hs #n==îrh`s

shoh!rs # $monvnîs 38




==


Ne hs `îohssmnrh #h rh`=irohr em oi%îrh`oh #$h`sh'"eh3

; -M_ GIN@_ * $HSMS666GMN_ GNHX4 * $HSMS 8




=;

X[KM@N_GH HS [Î_HMX4X[KM@N_GH HS [Î_HMX4

• Hm!• Mssmn`nssh'h`

• Îehornonî

• Sîeîp%i`h 1oi''!`nomni`>

_i!vh` ehs moni`s si` nsieîhs

ehs mpprio%hs rmrh'h` oiir#i``îhs

rmnh'h` shoirnhes `i` n`îdrîs




=?


Orîhr

H`rhh`nr

M#mphr




=3


!m`# ehs moni`s si` nsieîhs2

Ehs mpprio%hs `h si` pms oiir#i``îhs

Eh rmnh'h` shoirnhe ` $hs pms n`îdrî

oi`oe!sni` 2 ne =m! !`h pienn(!h #h dhsni`




=8

-[I:HS_ X[KMN@_-[I:HS_ X[KMN@_

X` pri5h !r"mn` hs !`h 'î%i#h m#mpîh + em dhsni`? neh/ndh 2

#! h'ps 2 moni`s? rîmoni`s? m#mpmni` m!/rm`s=ir'mni`s

#h e hspmoh 2 #h e $mppmrh'h`? m! (!mrnhr? + em vneeh

#hs 5h!/ # $moh!rs 2 o%m(!h moh!r #î=h`# !`h vnsni` #he $n`îr7 dî`îrme h #hs n`îr7spmrno!enhrs3




=6

X[KM@N_GH HS S[M@_-I[SX[KM@N_GH HS S[M@_-I[S

irdm`nsmni` #hs rm`spirs

en"hrî #h onro!ehr

rhspho #h e $h`vnri``h'h`




=


Vneeh h 'i"nenî 2

'i"nenî

omrmo.rh !nenmnrh

h/hronoh #h em en"hrî0m!i`i'nh




=!


-ienn(!h #h smni``h'h` 2

Em pienn(!h #h rm`spir h #h smni``h'h` si` #hs i!nes#h em 'i"nenî !r"mn`h h #hs o%in/ 'i#m!/ 2

• _mni``h'h` p!"eno 19i`h #h smni``h'h` pm&m`? #!rîh#h smni``h'h`? pienn(!h mrn=mnrh>

• Oi`sr!oni` # $mnrhs #h smni``h'h` prnvîhs

• Gi#h #h #nsrn"!ni` #hs 'mro%m`#nshs h` vneeh




="


-em` #h #îpemoh'h` !r"mn`

Eh pem` #h #îpemoh'h` !r"mn` m pi!r i"5hon= em #î=n`nni`

# $!` s&s.'h dei"me #h #îpemoh'h` #hs phrsi``hs h #hs'mro%m`#nshs m=n` #h #i'n`hr eh rm=no m!i'i"neh3




;#


Vneeh h 'i"nenî

H` ioon#h`? em vneeh ` $hs pe!s 'i#heîh h` =i`oni` #h em

vin!rh3 E$m'î`mdh'h` #h e $ hspmoh !r"mn` rîshrvh !`hpemoh n'pirm`h m!/ m!rhs 'i#hs #h rm`spir3

Em h`#m`oh hs #h en'nhr e $moo.s #hs vin!rhs m! oh`rh

vneeh3




;=

EH -[I:HS X[KMN@EH -[I:HS X[KMN@

Eh pri5h !r"mn` hs !`h h/prhssni` pienn(!h? ne rîpi`#m!/ "hsin`s sionm!/? o!e!rhes h îoi`i'n(!hs #hs%m"nm`s3

Ne orîh ehs oi`#nni`s pi!r (!h ehs oni&h`s 2

sh rh`oi`rh`

îo%m`dh` h sh 'îem`dh` (!heehs (!h sinh` eh!rs

irndn`hs

sh rhsphoh`




;;


Eh pri5h !r"mn` hs oi`L! pmr #hs î(!nphspe!rn#nsonpen`mnrhs3 O%m(!h #nsonpen`h =mn pmrnh #h emeidn(!h #! pri5h3




;?


Eh pri5h !r"mn` n`.drh ehs msphos s!nvm`s 2

,nsirn(!h

*î'idrmp%n(!h_ionio!e!rhe

dîidrmp%n(!h




;3


Eh pri5h !r"mn`

eh pri5h !r"mn` hs eh pri#!n # $!` o%in/ pienn(!h h `i`

ohe!n # $!` 'i#.eh psh!#isonh`n=n(!h i! ho%`n(!h3

Ne ` $hs pms rîshrvî + !`h oirpirmni` #h spîonmenshs3

Ne n'pen(!h em pmrnonpmni` monvh #h i!s ehs moh!rs!r"mn`s & oi'prns ehs %m"nm`s3




;8


M pmrnr #h C? eh 'i !r"m`ns'h hs rh'pemoî pmr; pri5h !r"mn` 8 prî=îrî pmr ehs m'î`mdh!rs3

Eh pri5h !r"mn` hs pe!s !`h 'î%i#h # $îem"irmni`(!$!`h oi`ohpni` `i!vheeh #h em vneeh3




;6

X[KM@N_GH HS ,MKNSMSX[KM@N_GH HS ,MKNSMS

Eh pem` # $ioo!pmni` #hs sies 1-3I3_>3

Eh -3I3_ m pi!r i"5hon= eh rh`i!vheeh'h` !r"mn` h em'mFrnsh #h e $h/h`sni` pîrnp%îrn(!h3




;


Eh -I_ #hsn`mni` dî`îrmeh #hs sies

rmnh'h` #hs hspmohs p!"enos

#hs pm&smdhs

#h e $h`vnri``h'h` h #! rh`i!vheeh'h` !r"mn`




;!


e $!r"m`ns'h `h ph! 7rh rî#!n + !` h`sh'"eh #h`ir'hs h #h eins 1!r"m`ns'h rîdeh'h`mnrh>3



MGN[IXOAH Eiuonf Oi`suetm`t

firgmthur

;"


Xr"m`ns'h h oi'pism`h =iòn.rh3

I"5hon=s prnònpm!/ 2

• pem`n=nomni` h r.dehs # $!r"m`ns'h

• n`hrvh`ni` =iòn.rh p!"en(!h

• oi`h`! #! #rin #h priprnîî h rhsr!o!rmni`

=iòn.rh

• nònmni`s =iòn.rhs h =nsomehs m! rho&oemdh !r"mn`




firgmthur

?#


Eidh'h`s sionm!/

; eh eidh'h` sionme oi`rn"!h + rh`#rh em vneeh pe!s sien#mnrh3 8




firgmthur

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Em pienn(!h #h eidh'h` sionme o$hs 2

• Oi`sr!nrh #hs eidh'h`s sionm!/ 1,EG> #m`s ehsoi''!`hs (!n h` 'm`(!h`

• Oi`=irhr eh reh #! eidh'h` sionme h #!pmrn'in`h eiomn=

• -ri'i!vinr eh #rin #hs eiommnrh + !` eidh'h`

#îoh`

• M'îenirhr eh =i`oni``h'h` #h em oipriprnîî




firgmthur

?;


Em pienn(!h #! eidh'h` sionme o$hs 2

-rh`#rh #hs 'hs!rhs pi!r =monenhr e $h`rhnh` #hs

oipriprnîîs E!hr oi`rh e$n`sme!"rnî h eh pîrne _îo!rnshr e $mo%m # $!` eidh'h` [h=i`#rh ehs I-DN0H-E)




firgmthur

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*h e $%m"nm ; sphomh!r 8 + e $%m"nm ; moh!r 8 i! h`

=mvirnsm` !`h o!e!rh #h e $!r"mn`3




firgmthur

?3


-ri5h !r"mn`

Orî#n"nenî

Eîdnn'nî




firgmthur

?8

X[KM@N_GH HS ,MKNSM@SX[KM@N_GH HS ,MKNSM@S

EM VNEEH H@S[H EH [HVH HS EM [HMENSH

E $n#îme !r"mn` hs !`h vneeh 2

$ _m`s `!nsm`oh$ M e $îo%heeh %!'mn`h

$ ,mr'i`nh!sh

$ Hs%în(!h




firgmthur

?6


EM VNEEH H@S[H EH [HVH HS EM [HMENSH

#!rh

H` rîmenî em vneeh hs

#m`dhrh!sh




firgmthur

?

HVMEXMSNI@ ,MKNSMSHVMEXMSNI@ ,MKNSMSHvme!mni` pmr ; i"5hon= 8 n`smns=mn moohpm"eh pe! "i` sm`s

smns=mnsm` mvns

om#rh #h vnh A A B J

(!menî #h vnh BB J JJ J

GmFrnsh =i`on.rh J A B

Oi #! eidh'h` J J

!menî0moo.s m! eid B B B

#rin m! eid pi!r i!s A J J J

prihoni`0h`v0sm`î B J J

!menî mro%nho!rmeh JB BJ J B

oi`#nni`s #h #îpemoh'h` B J

vie!'h #h oi`sr!o3 @h!vh J B JB C

H`rh0'mn`h`m`oh #! pmro

h/nsm` B




firgmthur

?!


VNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@H

oi`#nni`s n`#nsph`sm"ehs + e$h`dmdh'h` oni&h` h +e$moni` oieehonvh3




firgmthur

?"


Vneeh h moni` oni&h``h

îm"enr em oi`=nm`oh h 'hrh =n` m! oen'm #hs!spnoni`




firgmthur

3#


Vneeh h moni` oni&h``h

J [hoi``mFrh h moohphr ehs #n==îrh`ohs1o!e!rh? dh? reh63>




firgmthur

3=


VNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@H

B #îvheipphr !`h n#h`nî oieehonvh h n`#îph`#m`hvns + vns #hs pmrh`mnrhs pienn(!hs h ho%`n(!hs3




firgmthur

3;


VNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@HVNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@H

#îvheipphr e$n`=ir'mni`? prh`#rh h` oi'phehs n#îhs? ehs n`nnmnvhs h ehs rhvh`#nomni`s #hs#n==îrh`s moh!rs3




firgmthur

3?


VNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@HVNEEH HS MOSNI@ ONSI<H@@H

=mvirnshr em prnsh h` o%mrdh #hs pri"e.'hsoi''!`s pmr em oieehonvnî3




firgmthur

33

VNEEH HS -MXV[HSÎVNEEH HS -MXV[HSÎ

• Oi''h` ehs n`sn!ni`s p!"en(!hs? h` pmrno!enhr emoi''!`h? mpprî%h`#h`heehs em pm!vrhî \

•

H/nsh ne #hs #hdrîs #h pm!vrhî \ ehs pm!vrhsrhprîsh`h`nes !`h omîdirnh %i'id.`h \

• Ehs pm!vrhs si`nes oi`sn#îrîs pmr ehs n`sn!ni`s

p!"en(!hs oi''h #hs moh!rs \




firgmthur

38


Em vneeh h ehs sm`s m"rns 2

• -%î`i'.`h #h sionîî \

• Gi#h #h vnh \

• On"eh # $n`hrvh`ni` \





firgmthur

36


)moh!rs 'morisionm!/ 2

% O%'mdh? =moh!r # $îomr h`rh %m"nm`s 1sîdrîdmni`>

% Srm`s=ir'mni` #hs =ir'hs #h pm!vrhî

% Îvie!ni` #hs sr!o!rhs =m'nenmehs 1îoemh'h` #h em=m'neeh>

% Îo%ho pmrnhe #h e $î#!omni`

% H/peisni` #î'idrmp%n(!h

% *nvnsni` #h em vneeh h` ; onîs 8 ; (!mrnhrs 8 % @îohssnî # $m#mphr #hs 'i#hs #h rm`spir




firgmthur

3


[îprhssni` \

=moh + em pm!vrhî 2 (!heeh mn!#h \

Oi'pmssni` \




firgmthur

3!


em oi''!`h hs eh rhprîsh`m` eiome #h e $Îm3 M oh nrhem oi''!`h hs dmrm`h #h em oi%îsni` sionmeh3

Ehs sm`s m"rns =i` !`h !nensmni` pmrno!en.rh #h e $hspmohp!"eno3




firgmthur

3"

)HGGH_ HS X[KM@N_GH)HGGH_ HS X[KM@N_GH

Ehs =h''hs i` îî eh 'ih!r #! o%m`dh'h` sionio!e!rhe #hs m``îhs CA3 Ehs =h''hs si` 2

• pe!s h/prhssnvhs

• pe!s h/ndhm`hs s!r em oi%îrh`oh #hs n#îhs h #hs mohs• pe!s mh`nvhs h pe!s sh`sn"ehs m!/ dh`s h m!/

sn!mni`s

• pe!s i`n(!hs h 'in`s oi`=ir'nshs

ehs om%nhrs #hs 'neeî`mnrhs `]J 1p3JB h J>




firgmthur

8#

VNEEH HS N*H@SNSÎVNEEH HS N*H@SNSÎ

B i"shrvmni`s 2

em vneeh m "hsin` # $h`orhr e $n#h`nî eiomeh pi!r e!hroi`rh ehs mn!#hs #h rhpen

em oi''!`h #m`s eh oi`h/h mo!he hs em sh!eh + pi!vinr'h`hr oh oi`rm

e $n#h`nî # $mppmrh`m`oh m! (!mrnhr hs r.s =irh o%h9ehs 5h!`hs




firgmthur

8=


E $n#h`n=nomni` m! (!mrnhr hs !`h mn!#h #h rhpen3

E $mn!#h #h rhpen s $i"shrvh #mvm`mdh pmr'n ehsphrsi``hs ehs pe!s =rmdnensîs sionmeh'h` h o!e!rheeh'h`3




firgmthur

8;

M--M[SH@M@OHM--M[SH@M@OH

M==nr'mni` #h e $mppmrh`m`oh sionmeh dîidrmp%n(!h

1'i"nensmni` oni&h``h>

=mn"eh o%h9 oh!/ (!n =irh o%h9 oh!/ (!n

s$n#h`n=nh` m! (!mrnhr s$n#h`n=nh` + #hs

1+ e $h/ohpni` #hs 5h!`hs> ohroehs pe!s emrdhs

1oi''!`h? mddei'îrmni`>




firgmthur

8?

M--M[SH@M@OHM--M[SH@M@OH

em oi`sien#mni` #! enh` sionme h`rh ehs %m"nm`s #he $mddei'îrmni` pmssh # $m"ir# pmr e $m'îenirmni` #h emsn!mni` sîo!rnmnrh3




firgmthur

83

VNEEH N*ÎMEHVNEEH N*ÎMEH

ehs 5h!`hs pissn"nenîs #h sirnh

ehs =mn"ehs rhvh`!s ei&hrs moohssn"ehs

ehs pmrh`s pri/n'nî #h e $îoieh?

hspmohs #h 5h!/? hspmohsvhrs




firgmthur

88

VNEEH N*ÎMEHVNEEH N*ÎMEH

X`h î!#h rîmensîh h` )rm`oh h` =mn rhssirnr ehsmh`hs s!nvm`hs 2

• vneeh %mr'i`nh!sh + vnsmdh %!'mn`

• rhri!vhr em r!rmenî phr#!h 'medrî e $%&phr!r"m`nî• hspmohs vhrs + pri/n'nî

• oi''hrohs #h pri/n'nî

• rm`spirs h` oi''!` prmn(!hs

• %m"nmni`s + pri/n'nî #hs enh!/ #h rmvmne




firgmthur

86

X[KM@N_GH HS ENH@ _IONMEX[KM@N_GH HS ENH@ _IONME

S&pieidnh

• *nmeid!h n`hrdî`îrmni``he

• *î'iormnh i! dhsni` pmrnonpmnvh 2 pmrnonpmni`#hs %m"nm`s m!/ drm`#s o%in/ (!n ehs oi`ohr`h`

•

Gn/nî !r"mn`h 2 'îem`dh #hs #n==îrh`hs omîdirnhs #h

pip!emni`s #m`s ehs (!mrnhrs rhemni`s h`rh ehs%m"nm`s #! oh`rh vneeh h oh!/ #h em pîrnp%îrnh




firgmthur

8

X[KM@N_GH HS ENH@ _IONMEX[KM@N_GH HS ENH@ _IONME

H` )rm`oh i` rh'mr(!h !`h #îdrm#mni` h` pmrno!enhr 2

• #m`s ehs ,3E3G

• #m`s ehs "m`enh!hs

XMENSÎ *H VNHXMENSÎ *H VNH




firgmthur

8!

XMENSÎ *H VNHXMENSÎ *H VNH

!menî #h vnh h` 'nenh! !r"mn` 2mh`hs

• !menî #h vnh h pri/n'nî #hs shrvnohs p!"en(!hs

• H`vnri``h'h`

• Hspmohs # $îo%m`dhs 1ioomsni`? enh!/ #h rh`oi`rh>

• Gi"nenî 2 pissn"nenî? =monenî #h #îpemoh'h` #m`s em vneeh

• Gi"nenî h sîo!rnî




firgmthur

8"


EM OIGGX@H [î=îrh` n#h`nmnrh

EH XM[SNH[ _h`n'h` # $mppmrh`m`oh

1'norin#h`nî h` pmrno!enhr

o%h9 ehs 5h!`hs>




firgmthur

6#

EH *ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEHEH *ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH

oiòhp pip!emrnsî + pmrnr #hs m``îhs A pmr eh rmppir

Kr!èm`# ; ìrh mvh`nr + i!s 83




firgmthur

6=

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH

-rnsh #h oi`sonh`oh (!h eh 'i#.eh mo!he #h #îvheipph'h`îoi`i'n(!h h n`#!srnhe? `î h` ioon#h` 14VNNN 4N4 .sn.oeh> p!ns îh`#! m! 'i`#h 2

↛` $hs pms #!rm"eh

↛`h dmrm`n pms e $mvh`nr + ei`d hr'h

↛`h prh`# pms h` oi'ph e $mvh`nr #hs dî`îrmni`s =!!rhs3




firgmthur

6;


Oi`sm 2

• mppm!vrnssh'h` #hs sies

• #îshrn=nomni`

• pî`!rnh h 'm!vmnsh (!menî #h e $hm!

• o%m`dh'h` oen'mn(!h




firgmthur

6?


Oi`sm 2

J #h em pip!emni` 'i`#nmeh oi`si''h + heeh sh!ehA #hs rhssi!rohs `m!rheehs3




firgmthur

63


; ph`shr eiomeh'h` pi!r mdnr dei"meh'h` 83




firgmthur

68


; Ehs ornshs #! 'i#.eh mo!he mo!he #h#îvheipph'h` si` #hs ornshs #h rhemni`s? o $hs +pmrnr #hs hrrninrhs e+ i e $i` ph! oi'prh`#rh hrhph`shr ohs rhemni`s? (!h ph!vh` s $n`vh`hr ehs'i#.ehs #h #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh 83

-nhrrh OMEMGH n` ; vneehs h #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh




firgmthur

66


; em dhsni` mo!heeh #h ìs vneehs h #h ìs hrrninrhs hsomrmoîrnsîh pmr em shd'h`mni`3 Em dhsni` p!"en(!hein` #h vmeirnshr ehs rhemni`s oi`rn"!h + ehs ndìrhr hehs =mnrh #nspmrmFrh 83

*îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh*îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh




firgmthur

6

*îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh*îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh

B rh'mr(!hs 2

sîpmrmni` h`rh ehs `nvhm!/ #h di!vhr`mòh3 E $Îm? ehsrîdni`s? ehs mddei'îrmni`s i` o%mo!` eh!r oi'pîhòh h!vrh` o%mo!` #m`s eh!r oin`

J sîpmrmni` h`rh #i'mn`hs #h em dhsni` eiomeh3 M"shòh #hs&`hrdnh h`rh ehs #n==îrh`s #i'mn`hs #h oi'pîhòh1%m"nm? rm`spir? hm!? îoiì'nh66>

B sîpmrmni` h`rh em dhsni` p!"en(!h h eh rhsh #h em sionîî3Em dhsni` p!"en(!h n`vhsnh #h em rhspi`sm"nenî #h e $n`îr7dî`îrme n'pish #hs ìr'hs h #hs r.dehs sm`s ompmonî #h#nmeid!h mvho ehs #n==îrh`s pmrh`mnrhs3

ÎÎ




firgmthur

6!


Eh #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh n'pen(!h !`h '!mni`pri=i`#h #h em sionîî

eh #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh n'pen(!h !` o%m`dh'h`#h s&s.'h #h ph`sîh




firgmthur

6"


eh hrrninrh hs pe!s (!$!` hspmoh dîidrmp%n(!h i! !`hsn'peh s!r=moh p%&sn(!h3 o$hs îdmeh'h` !` hspmoh# $îo%m`dhs3




firgmthur

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Oi`ohvinr eh hrrninrh oi''h !` s&s.'h oi'peh/h #hrhemni`s h # $îo%m`dhs 2

'nh!/ oi``mFrh'nh!/ oi'prh`#rh'nh!/ vmeirnshr'nh!/ #îvheipphr

'nh!/ m#mphr'nh!/ 'mFrnshr




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; e $X`nvhrs #!rh3 -e!s ì!s mppri=i`#nri`s em `m!rh #!h'ps? pe!s ì!s oi'prh`#ri`s (!h #!rîh snd`n=nh

n`vh`ni`? orîmni` #h =ir'hs? îem"irmni` oi`n`!h #he $m"sie!'h` ì!vhm! 83

,3 Khrdsi` 2 e $îvie!ni` orîmrnoh -X)




firgmthur

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!$hs oh (!$!`h vneeh #!rm"eh \

o $hs !`h vneeh ompm"eh #h sh 'mn`h`nr #m`s eh h'ps

J o $hs !`h vneeh (!n ph! i==rnr !`h (!menî #h vnh

B o $hs !`h vneeh (!n #îvheipph eh sh`s #! oieehon= h #hs

rhemni`s

ÎÎ




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*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEHEH_ IXSNE_EH_ IXSNE_

N`#nomh!rs h!ripîh`s oi''!`s? J &phs # $n`#nomh!rs 2

M n`#nomh!rs #h "msh 1i"endminrhs>

K m!rhs n`#nomh!rs 1`i` i"endminrhs>

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH_*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH_




firgmthur

3

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH_Ehs I!nesEhs I!nes

N`#nomh!rs #h "msh 2 #hdrî #h smns=moni` #! oni&h` + e $îdmr# #h em oieehonvnîeiome

J h==hs #h e $monvnî %!'mn`h m! `nvhm! eiome s!r ehs îvie!ni`s

oen'mn(!hs dei"mehsB 'i"nenî eiomeh h 'i#hs #h rm`spir 1pi!r e $h`sh'"eh #hs%m"nm`s>

pri/n'nî #hs hspmohs vhrs? #hs hspmohs p!"enos h #hs shrvnohs

(!in#nh`s (!menî #h e $mnr 1h/îrnh!r>





firgmthur

8


M!rhs n`#nomh!rs 2 'i#h #h rm`spir #hs h`=m`s soiemrnsîs

C 'i#h #h dhsni` #hs shrvnohs p!"enos h #hs h`rhprnshs #h`nvhm! eiome s$h/hrLm` h` mooir# mvho ehs prn`onphs #!

#îvheipph'h` #!rm"ehA piee!ni` enîh m! "r!n

ioo!pmni` #h e $hspmoh #m`s !`h ipn(!h #h#îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh

pri#!ns m&m` i"h`! !`h ohrn=nomni` oi`ohr`m` eh!r#!rm"nenî





firgmthur

6


N`#nomh!rs

ehs n`#nomh!rs i` îî sîehoni``îs s!nvm` ehs prnònphsprîmem"eh'h` rhh`!s 2

%

e $îdmenî h em oi%îrhòh sionmeh % em (!menî #! di!vhr`h'h` eiome h #h em #î'iormnh

% em rhemni` h`rh eh eiome h eh dei"me

% e $îoiì'nh eiomeh

% em prihoni` h`vnri``h'h`meh % em rhemni` h`rh e $%îrnmdh o!e!rhe h em (!menî #h

e $h`vnri``h'h` "n

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S OXESX[HE*ÎVHEI--HGH@S OXESX[HE




firgmthur

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S OXESX[HE*ÎVHEI--HGH@S OXESX[HE-[I:HS ENSGX_-[I:HS ENSGX_

eh pri5h ENSGX_ 1Eiome N`#nomirs i Gi`nir Xr"m`_!smn`m"nen&> prnvneîdnh # $m"ir# em pissn"nenî #hs

%m"nm`s + s $h/prn'hr s!r oh (!n eh!r sh'"eh n'pirm`pi!r m'îenirhr eh!r (!in#nh` h + s $n'pen(!hr #m`s emdhsni` #!rm"eh #h eh!r (!mrnhr3





firgmthur

!

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH-[I:HS ENSGX_-[I:HS ENSGX_

Eh pri5h EHSGX_ m îî n`nnî h` C + _i!%mr?!` #hs i`9h mrri`#nssh'h`s #h Ei`#rhs (!n prîsh`h

#h =irhs #nspmrnîs sionmehs h`rh eh `ir# h eh s!# h!`h sn!mni` #h pm!vrhî h #h omrh`ohs sionmehs #m`sehs (!mrnhrs #! oh`rh3





firgmthur

"


B i"shrvmni`s 2

% ehs %m"nm`s 'm`(!h` # $n`=ir'mni`s pi!rpmrnonphr + #hs moni`s oi''!`hs

% ehs %m"nm`s `h smvh` pms oi''h` =mnrh pi!ro%m`dhr ehs o%ishs

% ehs m!irnîs eiomehs nd`irh` ehs pri"e.'hsprnirnmnrhs #hs dh`s





firgmthur

!#

-[I:HS ENSGX_-[I:HS ENSGX_

I"5hon=

n'pen(!hr ehs rîsn#h`s eiom!/





firgmthur

!=

-[I:HS ENSGX_-[I:HS ENSGX_

Gnsh m! pin` # $n`#nomh!rs #h #!rm"nenî (!n oi'prh`# p%mshs 2

privi(!hr !`h prnsh #h oi`sonh`oh #hs pri"e.'hs# $h`vnri``h'h` h #h #!rm"nenî

J oi`s!ehr ehs %m"nm`s h ehs mssionmni`s pi!r 'nh!/mpprîonhr ehs vmeh!rs oi''!`hs h ehs pri"e.'hs rhssh`nsoi''h pmrno!en.rh'h` or!onm!/ #m`s ehs (!mrnhrsoi`ohr`îs

B =mnrh îem"irhr #hs n`#nomh!rs eiom!/ pmr ehs %m"nm`s

mppen(!hr ehs n`#nomh!rs mvho ehs %m"nm`s

îvme!hr h mdnr s!r em "msh #hs n`#nomh!rs





firgmthur

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!he(!hs h/h'pehs #h 'î%i#hs #h oi`s!emni` h# $m`n'mni` 2

% (!hsni``mnrhs % dri!phs #h rî=eh/ni`

% îvî`h'h` pi!r s!sonhr e $n`îr7

% h`rhdnsrh'h` #h =ne's vn#îi

% irdm`nsmni` # $mhenhrs #h rî=eh/ni`





firgmthur

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=mvirnshr e $mpprio%h #! ; "ms vhrs eh %m! 8





firgmthur

!3

*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEH*ÎVHEI--HGH@S *X[MKEHH@VN[I@@HGH@SH@VN[I@@HGH@S

• n`ri#!oni` #h em ìr'h N_I pi!r i!s ehs shrvnohs#h em oi''!`h 1h` )rmòh>

• n`nnmeh'h` ohh ìr'h m îî oi`L!h pi!r ehs h`rhprnshs?ehs '!`nonpmenîs s $h` si` n`spnrîhs3





firgmthur

!8

H@VN[I@@HGH@SH@VN[I@@HGH@S Em '!`nonpmenî 1Vneehrs Oihr7s )rmòh> s $hs h`dmdîhpi!r em #î'mro%h #h ohrn=nomni`3 Ehs drm`#hs împhs shprîsh`h` oi''h s!n 2

!`h m`me&sh #h e $îm mo!he 2 î'nssni`s #m`s e $mnr? rh5hs h dhsni` #hs

#îo%hs? oi`m'n`mni` #! sie? !nensmni` #h 'mn.rhs prh'n.rhs? ̀ !nsmòhs eiomehs

J em #î=n`nni` #h 'mFrnsh #hs rns(!hs h #h em prihoni` #he $h`vnri``h'h`

B e $m`me&sh #hs nòn#h`s rhòi`rîs? ehs rîoem'mni`s

# $mssionmni`s #h rnvhrmn`s e $m`me&sh #hs sn!mni`s #h rns(!hs pih`nhes h`vnsmdhm"ehs





firgmthur

!6

H@VN[I@@HGH@SH@VN[I@@HGH@S

• #îo%hs 2 rn sîehon= #hs #îo%hs

• "r!n 2 'hs!rh h oi`reh #hs "r!ns

• mnr 2 'hs!rhs? prioî#îs? rhoh`sh'h` #hs pin`s ornn(!hs• o%m`nhrs 2 prîioo!pmni` h`vnri``h'h`meh s!r ehs o%m`nhrs

• #îo%hs #h o%m`nhrs 2 dhsni` #hs #îo%hs #h o%m`nhrs

• îoi`i'nh # $î`hrdnh 2 rî#!oni` #hs ois # $h/peinmni`

• pri#!ns i/n(!hs 2 en'nhr e $!nensmni` #h pri#!ns i/n(!hs• !r"m`ns'h 2 prnsh h` oi'ph #! pm&smdh

1oi''!`h VneehrsOihr7s>

Moni`s rhh`!hs





firgmthur

!

EM DIXVH[@M@OHEM DIXVH[@M@OH

; em di!vhr`m`oh hs m!5i!r#$%!n eh 'i oi`smorî #m`s eho%m'p #! #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh pi!r omrmoîrnshr !`h

prioî#!rh #h #îonsni` meenm` #î'iormnh #îeîdmnvh1îehonvh> h pmrnonpmnvh3 Eh pmrh`mrnm prnvî0p!"eno? ehsprioî#!rhs oi`rmo!heehs? em #n==!sni` # $n`=ir'mni`sh`rh ehs #n==îrh`s moh!rs66 h` si` ehs îeî'h`sprn`onpm!/ 8

O%rnnm` Kri#%md C





firgmthur

!!

EM DIXVH[@M@OHEM DIXVH[@M@OH

• #h rmnhr ehs pri"e.'hs + em "i``h îo%heeh• #h o%insnr i! =mnrh pmrnonphr ehs "i`s pmrh`mnrhs

• #h pishr ehs "i``hs (!hsni`s m! "î`î=noh #h empip!emni` #m`s sm #nvhrsnî sm`s oi'pri'hrh ohe!n

#hs dî`îrmni`s =!!rhs

Em di!vhr`m`oh #in phr'hrh





firgmthur

!"

EH_ M--[IO,H_EH_ M--[IO,H_

[i&m!'hX`nNrem`#h

Meeh'md`h-m&sKms

Nmenh )rm`ohHspmd`h

Gi"nensmni`

oi''!`m!mnrh

Ehs oi''!`m!îs si` e $!`nî (!n =mvirnsh em #nvhrsnî o!e!rheeh

& [hemni`s #h pri/n'nî

Mpprio%h ho%`n(!h

pis omme&n(!hs 'hs!rhs =nsomehs h rîdeh'h`mnrhs

!menî #h vnh; %ispnmenî !r"mn`h 8





firgmthur

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-[I:HS * $MDDEIGH[MSNI@

-em` # $ioo!pmni` #hs sie-I_

O%mrh# $h`vnri``h'h` O%mrh #h emoni&h``hî

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J




firgmthur

"=

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J

H` J? em oi`=îrh`oh #h [ni s!r e $h`vnri``h'h` h eh#îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh m m#ipî eh -ridrm''h Moni`J (!n prîoi`nsh em 'nsh h` pemoh # $Mdh`#ms J3

Ehs mdh`#ms J si` em rm#!oni` eiomeh #hsh`dmdh'h`s n`hr`mni`m!/ =n`mensîs eirs #! si''h#h [ni #h :m`hnri 1hr h 5!n` J>3

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J




firgmthur

";

MDH@*M_ JD @ _

Em oi`=îrh`oh #h [ni 2

rî!`n o%h=s #$Îm h #h di!vhr`h'h`

pemoh eh #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh m! o!r #h shs #î"ms

m"i!n + em #îoemrmni` #h [ni snd`îh pmr !` drm`#`i'"rh #h pm&s s $h`dmdhm` h` =mvh!r #!#îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh h !` pridrm''h # $moni`s

pi!r eh 44N . sn.oeh ; Moni` J 8 #îornvm` ehs'hs!rhs phr'hm` #h rhsphohr ohs h`dmdh'h`s

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J




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Mdh`#ms J oi`sn!h !` h`sh'"eh #h pridrm''hs

# $moni`s p!"en(!hs h` =mvh!r # $!` #îvheipph'h`#!rm"eh pi!r eh 44N . sn.oeh3 Ne 'h h` îvn#h`oh eh rehhssh`nhe (!h 5i!h` ehs m!irnîs eiomehs #m`s 2

• e $î#!omni`

• em 'i"nensmni`

• em prnsh h` oi'ph #hs v!hs #! p!"eno h` =mvh!r # $!`#îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J




firgmthur

"3

MDH@*M_ JMDH@*M_ J

Eirs #h em oi`=îrh`oh #h [ni #h :m`hnri? ehs oieehonvnîseiomehs h ehs I@D pmrnonphri` `im''h` + emrî#moni` #! o%mpnrh JA # $Moni` J? oi''!`î'h`mppheî ; Mdh`#m J 8 (!n rhoi``mF eh!r reh oeî h`

'mn.rh #h #îvheipph'h` #!rm"eh3

oieehonvnîs eiomehs pmrnonpm` m! )ir!' !r"mn`'i`#nme snd`h` ; e $h`dmdh'h` #h Ornn"m 8 h #îoemrh`

mn`sn eh!r viei`î #h =mnrh #h eh!r vneeh? !`h vneeh #!rm"eh3

MDH@*M JMDH@*M J




firgmthur

"8

Eh #nmdìsno !r"mn`? rîmensî pi!r em prh'n.rh =ins + e $îo%heeh

#h em oi''!`m!î h!ripîh``h? 'h e $mooh` s!r 2

• e $h/nshòh # $!`h vîrnm"eh o!e!rh !r"mn`h h!ripîh``h

• eh omrmo.rh oi''!` #hs pri"e.'hs m!/(!hes ehs vneehs siòi`=ri`îhs

# $i em `îohssnî # $!`h oiipîrmni` h # $!` îo%m`dh# $n`=ir'mni`s h`rh vneehs h!ripîh``hs

MDH@*M J EIOMEMDH@*M J EIOME




firgmthur

"6


O $hs !` pri5h pienn(!h #h #îvheipph'h` eiome dei"me h#!rm"eh pi!r eh 44N . sn.oeh? mooi'pmd`î # $!` pridrm''h# $moni`s s!r pe!snh!rs m``îhs3

Mdh`#m J eiome





firgmthur

"

MDH@*M J EIOME

Ne hs îem"irî m! shn` #h sr!o!rhs phr'hm`e $n`=ir'mni` h em oi`ohrmni` em pe!s emrdh pissn"eh 2

• oi'nî #h pneimdh• #î'iormnh eiomeh pmrnonpmnvh

• î#!omni` h sh`sn"nensmni` m! #îvheipph'h`

• #nvhrsn=nomni` #hs pmrh`mrnms333





firgmthur

"!


E $Mdh`#m J eiome #in phr'hrh 2

• #h =mnrh rhssirnr ehs "hsin`s #hs pip!emni`s h #hs

moh!rs eiom!/

• # $m`me&shr ohs "hsin`s m=n` #h pripishr #hs moni`soirrhonvhs





firgmthur

""

MDH@*M J EIOME

Ne #in #î=n`nr #hs i"5hon=s prnirnmnrhs h` 'mn.rh #h 2

• î(!nî sionmeh 2 rh`=irohr em oi%îsni` sionmeh h e!hroi`rh ehs n`îdmenîs

• #îvheipph'h` îoi`i'n(!h 2 îvie!ni` #hs monvnîh/nsm`hs h orîmni` #h `i!vheehs monvnîs

• prîshrvmni`? vmeirnsmni` #hs pmrn'in`hs

• prîshrvmni`? vmeirnsmni` #h e $îois&s.'h





firgmthur

=##

MDH@*M J EIOME

Ehs prn`onphs 2

• oi`ohrmni`? pmrnonpmni ?̀ sien#mrnî h rhspho #he $h`vnri``h'h`

• !nensmni` #hs rhssi!rohs h #hs pih`nmenîs #! hrrninrh• rî=eh/ni` #h 'm`n.rh dei"meh + e $h`sh'"eh #hs

prîioo!pmni`s #hs %m"nm`s

• smns=moni` #hs "hsin`s #hs pip!emni`s mo!heehs sm`s

oi'pri'hrh ehs ompmonî #hs dî`îrmni`s =!!rhs +rîpi`#rh m!/ eh!rs3




MDH@*M J EIOMED @ IO

MDH@*M J EIOME

eh pri5h ; mdh`#m J 8 hs prîv! shei` p%mshs (!ns $n`sornvh` #m`s !`h #î'mro%h oemssn(!h #h pneimdh #hpri5h 2

p%msh 2 îm #hs enh!/

p%msh J 2 #nmd`isno h #î=n`nni` # $i"5hon=s

p%msh B 2 îem"irmni` #! pem` # $moni`

p%msh 2 s!nvn h îvme!mni`

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