la pile à combustible hydrogène comme prolongateur d ... · la pile à combustible hydrogène...
TRANSCRIPT
La pile à combustible hydrogène comme prolongateur d’autonomie
pour véhicules électriques
«HYDROGÈNE: VISION FUTURISTE OU SOLUTION D’ACTUALITÉ?»
CREM, 25 juin 2015
DC/AC
Electrolysisc
Grid
H2 O2
M
FC Battery
PV Panels
PV Surface: 70 mAnnual Mobility: 15’000 km
H2O
2
The Belenos concept
Solar Energy
Hydrogen
Battery
Fuel Cell
CONFIDENTIAL
Electrolysis Hydrogen production
Conception of a test bench for small electrolyser stacks
Build a complete hydrogen filling station
Operate the filling station
CONFIDENTIAL
Electrolyser stack operated @ 30bar saving one compression stage Operate our proprietary
electrolyser
CONFIDENTIAL
Fuel Cell Activity
Fuel Cell system design & construction and testing
CONFIDENTIAL
Fuel Cell mobility tests on roads
Electric FC vehicle
Fuel Cell Car experience
Test period (October 2011 – August 2012) :
FC System, max power 25 [kW]
Gas filling H2 350 [bar] , O2 130 [bar]
Drive test 5’000 [km] FC mode
�68% system efficiency in driving mode
Full Range 300 [km], mix drive max 100 [km/h]
Consumption H2 0.78 [kg/100km]
O2 6.80 [kg/100km]
CONFIDENTIAL
Only 2 H2 station in Switzerland
CONFIDENTIAL
Fuel CellSystem
10 kW
H2 StorageSystem
350 bar
55 kWh Chemical
M
400V
+
-
DC
DC
~ 230V
3kW
80V
+
-
CHARGER
INVERTER
Fuel cell range extender vehicle architecture
Electric drive integration
Fuel cell range extender integration
10 bar
350 bar
DC
AC
DC
AC
HV Batterie
60 kW / 31 kWh
CONFIDENTIAL
Fuel cell system operation
Minimum power at 3kW :
• Best efficiency point
Fuel Cell System Efficiency
(DC/DC included)
Fuel Cell System power
(DC/DC included)
3 kW 10 kW
Strategy : Load following
• The fuel cell power follows the drivetrain demand
Option : Maximum power
• Possibility to switch the fuel cell to 10 kW continuously to recharge the battery.55%
• The fuel cell start/stop is selected by the driver.
CONFIDENTIAL
Hybrid - fuel cell/battery - EV
Mass PowerChemicalEnergy
Electrical Energy
Range(NEDC)
Filling Time
HV Battery 210 kg 60 kW 31kWh 26 kWh(124 Wh/kg)
200 km 10 h
FC system 125 kg 10 kW 55 kWh 26 kWh(208 Wh/kg)
200 km 2 min
• The fuel cell system doubles the range of the vehicle.
• The fuel cell could also drive the vehicle when the HV battery is empty (with limited power).
Energy sources available in the vehicle.
CONFIDENTIAL
Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender
Batteries
Fuel Cell (FC) system information:
• Emissions = 0
• Electric power/peak = 20/60 kW
• Battery capacity = 26 kWh
• Battery weight = 210 kg
• Hydrogen capacity = 1.7 kg
• Fuel Cell power = 10 kW
• Battery driving range = 200 km
• H2 driving range = 200 km
• Total Range = 400 km
• Curb Weight = 1300 kg
• Number of seats = 4Drive train, power
electronics and Fuel Cell
H2 tank & security system control
CONFIDENTIAL
Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender
H2 tank (350 bar)
H2 filling nozzle
Power electronic
Electric drive
FC air compressor
Fuel Cell stack
Electric charge
Battery pack
CONFIDENTIAL
Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender
Energy management and driver interface
CONFIDENTIAL
Test drive : «Normal» top range
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Sp
ee
d [
km
/h]
Kilometers driven [km]
Vehicle Speed
Battery SOC
Filling H2
Vehicle speed (km/h)
Battery SOC (%)
H2 Fill level (%)
Date & Time: 17 Oct., 2013 Distance: 348km Battery used: 99%
Test Driver: A. Closset Max Speed: 120km/h Hydrogen used: 96%
Avg Speed: 53km/h
CONFIDENTIAL
Test drive : Top range record
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Sp
eed
[km
/h]
Kilometers driven [km]
Vehicle Speed
Battery SOC
Filling H2
Vehicle speed (km/h)
Battery SOC (%)
H2 Fill level (%)
Date & Time: 20 Oct., 2013 Distance: 425km Battery used: 100%
Test Driver: M. Vögeli Max Speed: 110km/h Hydrogen used: 97%
Avg Speed: 73km/h
CONFIDENTIAL
FIAT 500 Statistics
What Value
Distance 53'013 km
Average speed 48.4 km/h
Drivetrain consumption 193 Wh/km, (= 2.2Lessence/100km)
Vehicle ON time 1095 h
Average power demand 9.4 kW
Battery full cycles 272
Fuel cell ON time 525 h (48% of vehicle ON time)
Fuel cell average power 6.3 kW (including DC/DC)
H2 full filling 143 (= 244 kg H2)
Number of FC starts 1586
Average efficiency H2 tank to DC bus(including Stack, BoP, Purges, DC/DC)
41 %
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
Conclusion
� Hydrogen fuel cell systems can be a reliable, CO2 free, range extender for electric vehicle.
� It is suitable for small fleets of vehicle when one invests in a hydrogen station.
� It can benefit from early national installation of hydrogen stations.� Hydrogen production by electrolysis will be supported by national
electric grid operators.
MERCI!