journées accélérateurs, roscoff, france , 9-12 (2005)
DESCRIPTION
Laser-plasma accelerators: Status and perspectives. Victor Malka LOA, ENSTA – CNRS - École Polytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France. laser. Electron beam. 170 +/-20MeV 500 pC 6 mrad. Gas jet. Journées accélérateurs, Roscoff, FRANCE , 9-12 (2005). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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L O A
Journées accélérateurs, Roscoff, FRANCE , 9-12 (2005)
Laser-plasma accelerators:
Status and perspectives
Victor Malka
LOA, ENSTA – CNRS - École Polytechnique,91761 Palaiseau cedex, France
Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 1/38
170 +/-20MeV500 pC6 mrad
Gas jet
laser
Electron beam
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L O A
CARE / FP6
Particle group
F. EwaldJ. FaureY. GlinecA. LifschitzJ.J. Santos
Laser group
F. BurgyB. MercierJ.Ph. Rousseau
A. Pukhov, University of Dusseldorf, Germany
ELFSPL
Collaborators
E. Lefebvre, CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, FranceP. Mora, CPhT, X, CNRS, France
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L O A
E-field max ≈ few 10 MeV /meter (Breakdown) R>Rmin Synchrotron radiation
Classical accelerator limitations
LEP at CERN
27 km
Circle road
31 km
New medium : the plasma
Energy = Length = $$$
≈ PARIS
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L O A
Why is a Plasma useful ?
• Plasma is an Ionized Medium High Electric Fields
epz nE ~~w
• Superconducting RF-Cavities : Ez = 55 MV/m
eznE ~
Are Relativistic Plasma waves efficient ?
Ez = 0.3 GV/m for 1 % Density Perturbation at 1017 cc-1
Ez = 300 GV/m for 100 % Density Perturbation at 1019 cc-1
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L O A
Tajima&Dawson, PRL79
How to excite Relativistic Plasma waves?
The laser wake field
laser≈ Tp / 2=>Short laser pulse
Laser pulse
F≈-grad I
Electron density perturbation
Phase velocity vepw=vglaser => close to c
Analogy with a boat
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L O A
FF≈-grad I
Train of short resonant pulsesLaser envelop modulation
k
k2
How to excite Relativistic Plasma waves?(ii) The laser beat waves
$$$$! 1-2 = p
Linear growth : d(t)=1/4a1a2wpt
=>Homogenous plasmasSaturation : relativistic,
ion motion
Optical demonstration by Thomson scattering :
Clayton et al. PRL 1985,Amiranoff et al. PRL 1992,, Dangor et al. Phys. Scrypta 1990
Chen, Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion, 2nd Edition, Vol.1, (1984)
Motivations
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L O A
electron
Analogy:
t1 t2 t3
e >> >> 1
=> Emax(MeV)=( n/n)(nc/ne)
=>Ldeph.=(0/2)(nc /n e)3/2
Emax=2(n/n) 2mc2
L Deph. =p2
Analogy electron/surfer Motivations
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L O A
Motivations
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L O A
Few MeV gain
Laser
Injected electronsFew MeV
Injected electrons acceleration with laser :
Wake field , Beat wave
Motivations
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L O A
Electron Acceleration : LBWFElectron spectra indicate an Efield of ≈ 0.7 GV/m
= 100 , e = 6 , laser = 40 µm , e = 40 µm , divergence = 10 mrad
Ele
ctr
on
s
nu
mb
er
exp
eri
men
t
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
500
1000
1500
2000
3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9
Th
eory
Energy (MeV)
d = 1,6%
LULI/LPNHE/LPGP/LSI/IC
Electron gain demonstration Few MeV’s:Kitagawa et al. PRL 1992,Clayton et al. PRL 1993,N. A. Ebrahim et al.,
J. Appl. Phys.1994, Amiranoff et al. PRL 1995
Motivations
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L O A
How to generate an electron beam?Self-modulated Laser Wakefield Scheme
(Andreev et al., Sprangle et al., Antonsen & Mora 1992)
cp
enhances
WavebreakingPc(GW) = 17 02/p
2
Short Pulse Energetic Electronsif then
excites
Modena et al., Nature 1995Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 11/38
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L O A
Wave breaking : from waves to particles
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L O A
5-pass Amp. : 200 mJ
8-pass pre-Amp. : 2 mJ
Oscillator : 2 nJ, 15 fs
Stretcher : 500 pJ, 400 ps
After Compression :1 J, 30 fs, 0.8 m,
10 Hz, 10 -7
2 m
Nd:YAG : 10 J
4-pass, Cryo. cooled Amp. :< 3.5 J, 400 ps
Salle Jaune Laser based on CPA
technique
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L O A
z
rayon2 mill.
2 mill.
z
rayon2 mill.
2 mill.
10
5
0
Phase
(ra
dia
ns)
16
5
1Densi
ty (
101
8 c
m-3
)
0
2 1018
4 1018
6 1018
8 1018
1 1019
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Rayon (mm)
Densi
té d
e n
eutr
e (
cm-3
)
The target gas jetDeveloped at the gas jet’s lab
V. Malka et al., RSI (2000)Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 14/38
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L O AS. Semushin & V. Malka , RSI (2001)
Gas Jet Nozzle Design and improvementFor laser plasma studies
D critmm
D exitmm
L optmm
Machexit
N ext cm-3
1 2 6 3.5 18 x 1019
1 3 7 4.75 7.5 x 1019
1 5 10 7 2.7 x 1019
1 10 15 10 0.75 x 1019
0.5 1 4 3.3 16 x 1019
0.5 2 5 5.5 4.5 x 1019
0.5 3 5 6.2 2.1 x 1019
0.5 5 7 9.5 0.7 x 1019
D critmm
D exitmm
L optmm
Machexit
N ext cm-3
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L O A
10
100
1019 1020E
max (
MeV
)n
e (cm -3)
Emax=4p2mec
2dnn
Tunable electron beam : temperature
Electrons are accelerated by epw
V. Malka et al., PoP (2001)
F/6
106
107
108
109
1010
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
# e
lect
rons/
MeV
/sr
W (MeV)
Teff=8.1 MeV
Teff=2.6MeV
detection threshold
Ne=1.5x1019cm-3
Ne=1.5x1020cm-3
INCREASE THE ACCELERATION LENGTH
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L O A
Interaction chamber (inside)
Laser beam
electron beam
50 cm
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L O A
Summary of FLWF previous results
Experiments/3D PIC simulations
V. Malka et al., Science, 298, 1596 (2002)
105
106
107
108
109
1010
0 50 100 150 200Energy (MeV)
Detection Threshold
Num
ber
of
ele
ctro
n (
/MeV
/sr)
Emittance is indeed comparable with todays Accelerators
Electron Energy (MeV)
n (
mm
mra
d)
20 40 60
20
40
Ee- = ~ 55 MeV = ~ 3 mm mradn
S. Fritzler et al., PRL 04Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 18/38
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L O A
SMLWF : Multiple e- bunches / FLWF Single e- bunch
V. Malka, Europhysics news, April 2004 (Ps/fs)
Electron bunches
laser
Electric field
Ps
Electron bunch
laserElectron density perturbation
ne/n0-1
Electric field
0
fs
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L O A
700
650
Z/
20
-20
Y/
-20
2 0
X/
Quasi-Monoenergetic Electron Beams
In homogenous plasma : virtual or real?
0 200 400 E, MeV
t=350
t=450
t=550
t=650
t=750
t=850
5 108
1 109Ne / MeV
Time evolution of electron spectrum
monoenergeticelectron beam
VLPL
A.Pukhov & J.Meyer-ter-Vehn, Appl. Phys. B, 74, p.355 (2002)
One stage LPA
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L O A
Experimental Setup : single shot measurement
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L O A
2.0 x 1019cm-3
Divergence = 6 mrad
Spatial quality improvements
6.0 x 1018cm-37.5 x 1018cm-31.0 x 1019cm-3
5.0 x 1019cm-3 3.0 x 1019cm-3
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L O A
From Mono to maxwellian spectra : the bubble regime : optimum when cL p
V. Malka, et al., PoP 2005
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L O A
Charge in [150-190] MeV : (500 ±200) pC
Energy distribution improvements:The Bubble regime
PIC
Experiment
Divergence = 6 mrad
J. Faure et al.,
in Nature 30 septembre 2004Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 24/38
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L O A
Some Applications ...
X-rays:diffractionmedicine
-rays:radiography
MedicineRadiotherapy Proton-therapy
PET
Accelerator Physics
Chemistry
Radiolysis
Electrons and Protonsgenerated byLaser-PlasmaInteractions
+X ray LarmorX ray laser
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L O A
GeV acceleration in two-stages
GeV
Laser Plasma channel
•50-150 TW•~50 fs
Nozzle
Gas-JetLaser
•170±20 MeV•30 fs•10 mrad
•1 J•10 TW•30 fs
•Pulse guiding condition : Δn>1/πre rc2
•Weak nonlinear effects more control : a0 ~ 1-2
•High quality beams : Lb <λp n0<1018 cm-3
rc
Δnn0
Density profile
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L O A
GeV in low plasma density in plasma channel
V. Malka et al., to be published in Royal Society and Phil. Trans.
GeV in low plasma density in plasma channel
n0=8 1016 cm-3, 11 J - 140 TW rc=40 μm, Δn=2 n0
L channel=4 cm 8 cm
12 cm
4
2
3
1
00 800400 1200
dN
/dE
(a.u
.)
Energy (MeV)Electron bunch
Electric field
Electron bunch
Electric field
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L O A
On the ultra short duration benefitfs radiolysis :
H2O (e-s, OH., H2O2, H3O+, H2, H.) e-
Very important for:• Biology• Ionising radiations effects
B. Brozek-Pluska et al., Radiation and Chemistry, 72, 149-159 (2005)**Ar.
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L O A
In collaboration with L. Le-Dain, S. Darbon from CEA Mourainvilier and DAM
Material science: -ray radiography
High resolution radiography of dense object with a low divergence, point-like electron source
Glinec et al., PRL 94 p025003 (2005)Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 29/38
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L O A
-radiography results
A-A' cut
20mm
Cut of the object in 3D
• Spherical hollow object in
tungsten with sinusoidal
structures etched on the
inner part.
Measured Calculated
Source size estimation : 450 um
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L O A
Medical application : Radiotherapy
VHE ELECTRONS
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L O A
Radiation Therapy
Depth in tissue
Photon dose
Photon beams are commonly used for radiation therapy
tumor
tumor
Photon beam
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L O A
VHE Radiation Therapy
Depth in tissue
VHE dose
Reduced dose in save cellsDeep traitementGood lateral contrast
tumor
tumor
VHE
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L O A
Dose deposition profile in water
Glinec et al., Accepted to Med. Phys.In collaboration with DKFZ (Germany)Journées accélérateurs, SFP, Roscoff 05 FRANCE 34/38
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L O A
Laser plasma acceleration has demonstrated•Energy gains of 1 MeV to 200 MeV•E-fields of 1 GV/m to 1000 GV/m•Good e-beam quality : Emittance < 3mm.mrad
•charge at high energy•Quasi monoenergetic
Laser plasma accelerators advantages Provide e-beam with new parameters : shortProvide e-beam with new parameters : high currentProvide e-beam with new parameters : CollimatedCompact and low cost
The laser plasma accelerators status
ゝゝ
ゝゝ
ゝゝ
ゝゝ
ゝ
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L O A
Laser plasma accelerator:
• enhance stability•electron sources up to ≈ 1 GeV (nC, <1 ps): Guiding or PW class laser systems Single Stage (Pukhov, Mori) (200TW)
•Generate a tunable e-beam• applications of these electron sources •Compact XFEL
Perspectives
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L O A
Next Step: GeV electron beams (1 stage)
LT 1.0cm
Ldp 1.3cm
E 1.5GeV
After 5 Zr / 7.5 mm
Total charge = 1.1 nC
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
800 1200 1600 2000Energy (MeV)
f(E) (a.u.)
w020 m 30 fs a0
40.8mP 200TW np 1.5 1018 cm3
P
Pc10
* Gordienko et al, PoP 2005, UCLA group
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L O A
A revolution is coming…one of the most evolving field in Science, a wonderful tool for academic formation
.. ... ..
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Thanks for your attention !
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