Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 1

INTRODUCTION

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 2

AJAMODĀ IN SAMHITĀS

CARAKA SAMHITĀ(1000 BC) - Editor-translator: Prof. Ravidatta Tripati & Acharya Bidhyadar Shukla,

Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Volume I , 2008

;"q:yfg

lkKknL lkKknLd"n r0o lrqs >[ª\a]/fEn j]t; dl/rfhdf]bf eNnftsf/l:y lxª\u' lgof{;f

Olt bzf]dlg bLkgLoflg ejlGt . $÷ ^

kofo{ – bLkgLo dxfsifo lkKknL, lkKknLd"n rAo, lrqs, cb/v, cDnj]t;, dl/r,

chdf]bf, eNnfsaLh tyf xLu oL b; b|Jo bLkgLo u0fsf x'g.

lkKknL lkKknL d"n ================================================= k|zdgflg efjlQ . $÷$%

Zf/nk|zdg dxfsiffo – lkKknL, lkKknLd"n, r0o, lrqs, ;f}7f}, dl/r, chdf]bf, chuGwf,

chfhL, u08L/ oL b;j6f b|Jon] z"nf]/f]u nfO{ zfGt kfb{5g\ .

œo"if0f lqkmnf If}b| ls|ldWgd hdf]bsd\ =============================== nf]xf]6QmfKn't M . @#÷!*

;'7f], d/Lr, lkKknL, cfdnf, x/f]{, a/f]{, jfolj8u, chdf]bf logL b|Jox?sf] dl;gf] r"0f{ agfO{

oL ;a} ;dfg hf}sf] ;ft", dx / 3Lp ld;fO{ hndf Sjfy agfP/ k|of]u ubf{ ;Gtk{0f ljsf/

zfGt x'G5g\ .

ljdfg :yfg

lkKknL lkKknLd"n ================================ Olt s6':sGw .. *÷ !$@

lkkn, lkKknLd"n h8flkKknL, rJo, lrqs, ;'7f], d/Lr, chdf]bf, cb'jf, jfo'lj8Ëf,

s':t'da?, dfnsfFugL, ;"Id P]nf OToflb s6' :sGwdf kb{5g\ .

lz/f]lj/]rgb|Jofl0f ======================= oyf of]u ljlWtflg lz/f]lj/]rgfy{ lbZoGt Olt .. *÷

!%!

chdf]bf, lz/Lif, dl/r cflb b|Jox? lz/f]lj/rg -g:o_ df k|of]u x'G5 .

lrlsT;f:yfg

cyf]i0fflek|lo0ff+ ===============================zLtHj/k|Zgj{d .. #÷@&&

chdf]bf, cu/, t]hkft h6fd;L cflb b|Jox? cu'jf{lb t]nsf] Sjfosf] sNs b|Jox?df kb{5g\

lxª\u' ======================================= ltlGg8LsfDnj]t;f]{ . %÷&(

lx+8\u'jflb r"0f{sf] 36s b|Jox?df chdf]bf, d/Lr, lkKknL, kf7f cflb kb{5g \ . lx+u'jflb r"0f{sf]

k|of]u kfz{jz"n, x[boz"n, jl:tz"n lxSsfd, sf;, Zjf; cflbdf k|of]u ul/G5 .

;r0o lkKknL =================================== s[Tjf k|of]ho]t\. %÷ *&

chdf]bf, hL/f, jfo'lj8+u, sk"/ cflb b|Jox? z6\oflb r"0f{sf] 36sb|Jox? x'g . z6\oflb

r"0f{sf] k|of]u Zjf;, sf;, c?lr, k|jflxsf cflbdf k|of]u ul/G5 .

Psf iff]8lzsf ======================== ;jf]{r{nnfkn . !!÷*&

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 3

jf8Sr"0f{sfd] 36s b|Jodf chdf]bf hL/f, wlgof cflb kb{5g \ . o;sf] k|of]u /fHoIfdfsf]

/f]uLx?df clUgdfBdf / clt;f/df k|of]u ul/G5 .

Iff/åo+ ============================== d':thdf]bf d/bf? laNjd\ . !@÷ $#

chdf]bf l;+w]g"g, ojIff/, ;HhL Iff/, b]jbf? cflb 36sb|Jox? kb{5g \ . If/u'l6sfsf] k|of]u

KnLxfj[l4, s[lqd ljif, lj;"lrsf, u'Nd, Zjf;, sf; cflbdf k|of]u x'G5 .

ejfgL+ rfhdf]bf ==================== w[tefhg] . !$÷&#

chdf]bf, wlgof, hL/f, lkKknL lkKknLd"n cflb ts|l/i6sf] 36s b|Jodf kb{5g \ . o;sf] k|of]u

clUgnfO{ k|bLKt ug{, z/L/nfO{ sflGto'Qm agfpg k|of]u x'G5 .

lrqs+ ============== r}qs r"0f{o]t\ . !$÷(^

chdf]bf, d/Lr, ;'7f}+, kLKknL cflb lrsflbj6Lsf 36s b|Jodf kb{5g\ . o;sf] k|of]u kfrgdf

ul/G5 . o;n] h7/flUgnfO{ k|bLKt ub{5 .

e"jf{hdf]b]Gb|ojfg\ ========================= klnsfGk[ys . !$÷!()

chdf]bf, u'x'rL, b]jbf?, cfFjnf OGb|f]hL{ cflb k~rd lqkmnflb Iff/df kb{5g\ . o;sf] k|of]u

KnLxf/f]u, d"q3ft, Zjf;, sf;, Hj/ zf]if, clt;f/ cflbdf k|of]u x'G5 .

ojIff/fhdf]b] ======================== kfoo{t k|;Ggof . #)÷%%

chdf]bf, lkKknL, hL/f, l;+w]g"g cflb lkKkNoflb of]udf kb{5g \ . o;sf] k|of]u of]lgz"n,

kfz{jz"n, u'Nd/f]u / cz{df ul/G5 .

sNk:yfg

d':t+ x}djtL ==================== rt} M k[ys\ . &÷!^

lkKknL, lkKknLd"n, lrqs, chdf]bf cflb b|Jox?df s'g} Pp6fsf] r"0f{ agfO{ ^ u|fd r"0f{nfO{

!@ u|fd lgzf]ysf] r"0f{df ld;fO{ uf]d"q ;Fu ldnfP/ lkpg] .

lj8+u lkKknL =================== xl:tlkKknL sNof0fs u'8df]bs . &÷$)

of]udf lj8+u, lkKknL, cdnf, chdf]bf cflb 36sb|Jox? kb{5g \ . sNof0fu'8df]bs of]usf]

;]jgn] dGbflUg Hj/, d"5f{, d"q s[R5«, clgb|f cflbdf nfebfos x'G5 .

;d"nf lkKknL ======================knlj+zltd\ .. &÷%@

lqj[tdf]bsdf chdf]bf uhlkKknL, gfu/df]yf, lkKnLd"nsf] cflb k|of]u x'G5 . o;sf] k|of]u

Zjf;, sf;, c?rL afl:tZ/n x[b \oZ/n cflb /f]udf k|of]u x'G5 .

l;l4:yfg

laNjfhdf]b] s[i0f+g ========================== l:y/fd\ $÷!%

;}Gwjflb cg'jf;g t]n – l;+w]g"g, dbgkmn, chdf]bf, b]jbf? cflb b|Jox? kb{5g\ .

k|of]u – skmh /f]ugfzs, pbfjt{ u'Nd, cz{, KnLx/f]udf k|of]u x'G5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 4

SUSRUTA SAMHITĀ (1000-1500 B.C.)

- cfrfo{ lk|oj|t zdf{ , lxGbL JofVofsf/ 8fcgGt/fd zdf{ , Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office,

Vanarasi,.

;"q:yfg

lkKknL lkNknLd"n ============================================== /f]lx0fL o]tL .. #*÷@@

lkKknL cflb u0fdf kg]{ cf}ifwL b|Jox? o; k|sf/ 5g\ –

lkKknL, lkKknLd"n, lrqs, chdf]bf cflb

u'0f – k|ltiofo, jfo', c?lr / sd gi6 ub{5 .

lrlsT;f:yfg

tq cfbfj]S =================================================================== j]lt jftk|an] .. %÷& ..

jfo'sf] k|wfgtf ePsf] jft/Qm sf] lrlsT;fdf ljleGg b|Jox?sf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 . d'Vot

bzd"n, d'n]7L, chdf]b cflb .

lxË'lqs6'Srfhdf]bf ========================================= k|t"gL/kxlGt .. %÷@$ ..

lx+Ujflb u'l6sfsf] 36s b|Jox?df chdf]bf lg kb{5 . cGo b|Jo h:t} kLknL, cDnj]t;, rJo,

hL/f cflb kb{5g\ . o;sf] k|of]u sf;, u'Nd, pb/, c/f]rs, cWdfgdf ul/G5 .

s|f]{~ff]i6«/f;ef:yLlg =======================.. &÷!*

;'/rf]i7f]bs]g jf zs{/fx/ of]udf pF6, uwf tyf uf]v?, chdf]bf, sbDa cflbsf] r"0f{ agfO{

zs{/f ldnfP/ pi0fhn jf ;'/f ;Fu lkpg lbPdf cZd/L gfz x'G5 .

SrflxËjhdf]b+ ==================== ;'/f;f]{jL/s]0f jf .. *÷!& ..

kfgLo b|Jox?sf] 36s b|Jodf == chdf]bf jrf, xL+u clfb kb{5g\ h;n] jflts j]bgfsf] zdg

ub{5 .

pb//f]ux/ ;fdfGo of]udf chdf]bf / l;+w]g"gnfO{ bgtL t}n;Fu ;]jg ug]{ . !$÷!)

rJofhdf]bsfsf]nL ========================= ztfxo]{ .. #^÷!^ ..

lrqsflb t}nsf] 36s b|Jodf chdf]bf, ctL;, kf7f, bGtL, a]n, jfrf, cleiff cflb kb{5g\ .

o;sf] k|of]u oyfzL3| j:ltdf ug'{ kb{5 .

kf7fhdf]bf ============================ r0ofd/b'|d} .. #^÷#^ ..

kf7flb t}nsf] 36s b|Jox?df chdf]bf, kf7f, kLknL, uhlkKknL cflb kb{5g \ . of] t}+nsfd]

cg'jf;g jl:tsf] ;a} k|sf/sf] skmh /f]u gi6 x'G5 .

laNafhdf]bs[i0f =============================== j[if/]0f'le M .. #&÷$) ..

lj8Ëflb t}nsf] 36s b|Jodf chdf]bf, lj8Ë, e]bf, b]jbf? cflb kb{5g \ . o;sf] k|of]u

cg'jf;g al:t lb ;s]kl5 KnLxf /f]u, jft/Qm, u'Nd, cgfx cflbdf k|of]u x'G5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 5

sNk:yfg

lj8Ëkf7f lqkmnf =========================== js|+ lqs6"lgw}jf .. %÷^# ..

clht gfds dxfubdf jf oljª+u, kf7f, chdf] bf, xL+u, tu/ cflb kb{5g \ . o;n] :yfj/

tyf hf+ud ljifnfO{ gi6 ub{5 .

pQ/ :yfg

l;4fy{sjrlxª\u's'i6 ===================== lzzf] .. #^÷& ..

w"kg b|Jox?df – ;]tf] ;:o'{+, chdf]bf, xL+u, s"7, rfdn cflbsf] w"k agfO{ lzz'nfO{ w"kg ug]{

.

kf7fhdf]bf =========================== ;+3[t kof] jf ... #^÷%# ..

k|jflxsfsf] bLkgLo b|Jox?df kf7f, chdf]bf, gLnsdn, lkKknL cflbsf] r"0f{ agfO{ @–$ u|fd

lnP/ sf]i0f hn ;Fu ln+bf k|jflxsf zfGt x'G5 .

Pnfhdf]bf =================================================================== ;'/fi6«hf+Zr .. #^÷%) ..

Pnflb /;fogsf] 36s b|Jox?df Pnf, chdf]bf, cdnf, /jlb/ cflb b|Jox? kb{5g \ . o;sf]

k|of]u sf;, :j/e]b, Zjf;, u'Nd tyf u|x0fLdf k|of]u x'G5 .

s'i7;}Gwj ============================================================= ;fd'b|:r kn}o'{td \ .. $@÷$@..

u'Nddf kfgL oIff/fjn]x df ltn, knfz, ;:o'{, chdf]bf cflb kb{5g \ . o; cjn]xsf] k|of]u

bxL, ;'/f £o" cflb ;Fu ;]jg ubf{ u'Nd tyf jft ljsf/df nfebfoL x'G5 .

lkKnLk]nf ====================================================== r"l0f{td \ .. $#÷!@ ..

jfth x[bo/f]udf lkKknfbL r"0f{df chdf]bf, xL+u, jrf, lkKknL cflb b|JonfO{ r"0f{ agfO{ s'g }

klg :g]x h:t} 3[t, t}n, j;f dWo s'g} Pp6f ;fu cg'kfg lkpgnfO{ lbg] .

lj8Ë d':t ================================================================================ z'e]r .. $$÷@*

lj8+ud':tfBjn]xsf] 36s b|Jodf chdf]bf, lj+8u, gfu/df]of, x/s cflb b|Jox? kb{5g \ .

o;sf] k|of]u zf]yo'Qm kf08' / eo+s/ sfdnfnfO{ gi6 ub{5 .

k|:yqo]0ff ========================================================================= k'iffhdf]b} M .. %@÷#* ..

sNof0fs u'8 – o;sf] 36s b|Jodf u'8, r0o, hL/f, ;f]7, dl:r, chdf]bf cflb kb{5g \ .

o;sf] k|of]u Zjf;, sf;, zf]y cflbdf ul/G5 .

ojIff/fhdf]bfEof+ ================================================== ;dflIfsd \ .. %#÷!! ..

jfth :j/ e]bdf – chdf]bf, lrqs, b]jbf? o;sf] Sjfydf afv|fsf] £o" ;Fu k|of]u ul/G5 .

s[i0ffhdf]b ========================================================= sf]ifjtL/;]g .. %^÷ !& ..

lj;"lrsfx/ cGo of]udf lkKknL, chdf]bf Pj+ 5js kb{5g\ .

alx{i7s'i7 ================================================= u'jflh uGwfe/b'|d} .. ^@÷@* ..

kmn3[t – o;df chdf]bf, g]qanf, s"7, tu/ cflb kb{5g\ . o;sf] k|of]u z's|bf]if Pj+

cNkz'qms ljsf/x?nfO{ zf+t ub{5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 6

ASTĀNGA SANGRAHA OF VĀGBHATA (6TH CENTURY A.D.)

Translator: Prof. Dr. K.R.SrikanthaMurty, Chowkhamba Orientalia, Vanarasi,2007.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 7

VĀGBHATA'S ASTĀNGA HRIDAYAM (7TH CENTURY A.D.)

- Translator: Prof. Dr. K.R.SrikanthaMurty, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi,2012.

;"q:yfg

jT;sd"jf{ ========================================================================= jrf .. !%÷## ..

vatsaba, murva, ajamodo etc these drugs curres disorders of vata, bapha and medas.

lrlsT;f:yfg

Pnfhdf]bf ==================================================== ;Defjg \ .. %÷@* ..

Ajamoda along with triphala, citraba, gayatri etc preparation of these drugs used as a

rejuvinator, improve intellegence, eyesight.

kf7fhdf]bwflgsf ========================================================== rt'u'{0f] .. %÷&& ..

Medicated ghee prepared with of patha, ajamoda, dhamiba, svadamstra etc used in

prolapse, dysuria, duodenal disease.

chdf]bf ============================================= ;'/of]i0f]bs]gjf .. !!÷@( ..

Ajamoda along with powder of suadamstra, talapatriba etc used in mutrasarbara cikitsa.

lqs6'sdhdf]bf ============================== lgxlGt .. !$÷#% ..

Ajamoda along with tribatu, raindhava, jiraba etc preparation of these drugts called

hingvastaba curna. Used is vatagulma.

sNk:yfg

laNjfhdf]b =============================== skm/f]hg't\ . $÷^$

Ajamoda along with liluadipancamula bharngi, devadaru etc (decocton) used to cure enema,

serotal hernia, aldominal tumor etc.

pQ/:yfg

/f:qhdf]bf ========================= ;+l;tfknd\ .. @÷!@ ..

Powder of rasna, ajamoda, rarala and devdarau mired with ghee should be given to lich or

ghee prepared with these drugs should be given to lich mixed with sitopala (sugar candy)

jrf]ks'l~rsf ============================= sflGjtd\ .. #) ÷#$

Ajamoda, vaca, upabunciba, ajaji etc drugs macerated in prasann a friend in ghee and

comsumed for the cucre of pain o fhte vagina and flanbs heart diseases, aldominal tumour

and heamorrhoids.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 8

AJAMODĀ IN CIKITSĀ GRANTHAS

CHAKRA DATTA (11TH CENTURY) - Hindi Commentary: Shree Jagadisvaraprasad Tripāthii, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office,

Benaras, 1939.

GADA NIGRAHA (12TH CENTURY)

- Sri Indradeva Tripathi- Gada Nigraha of Sri Vaidhya Sodhala with the Vidyotini Hindi

commentary Edited by Sri Ganga Sahaya Pandey, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office

Varanasi -1969

================================ ?GWoft\ .. @& ..

;jf{lt;f/, df]r/;, cb/v, 3ftsL k'ik lo ;a}sf] r"0f{nfO{ ufO{sf] b"w ;Fu k|of]u ug]{ .

Pnfhdf]bf ================= ..

gfu/f0f+ chdf]bf, dl/r, Pnf, cdnf cflbsf] Sjfy agfP/ lkpFbf skmHj/ lgsf] x'G5

.

dw's ========================== .. k=g+= #$&

z'ef d'n]7L, chdf]bf, hLjGtL, cu/ cflb b|Jox?sf] w"djlt{ sf; /f]u gfz ub{5 .

;xxl/b|f ========================= ho]t\ .. #^ .. k]h g+= %)$

e"sflb jft/f]udf sNof0fs cjn]xsf] 36s b|Jodf xNbL, jrf, s"7 ;Fu–;Fu} chdf]bf

klg kb{5 .

cf/Qms+ ========================= b]jbf? .. @)#.. k]h g++ %!^

;jf{Ë jft/f]udf /QmrGbgflb r"0f{sf] 36s b|Jox?df ;]tf] rGbg, gfu/df]of,

zfnk0fL{, chdf]bf cflb b|Jox? kb{5g\ .

chdf]bf ======================= bl08sf .. ** .. k]h g+= %&@

;a} k|sf/sf] z"ndf chdf]bf r"0f{nfO{ ts| ;Fu k|of]u ubf{ nfe x'G5 . chdf]bf

===================== lgd"{ngbfdd\ k]h g+= %&# chdf]bf, kf7f, lqs'6 ;defu o; k|sf/

b|Jox?sf] r"0f{ agfO{ pi0f hn ;Fu k|of]u ubf{ chL0f{hGo z"nsf] gfz x'G5 .

;"jr{nfeof ====================== z"nx[t\ .. &@ .. k]h g++ %^(

chdf]bf ;'jr{nflb of]usf] 36s b|Jox?dWo kb{5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 9

SĀRANGADHAR SAMHITĀ (13TH CENTURY) - Translator: Prof. Dr. K.R.Srikantha Murthy, Publisher: Chaukhambha Orientalia , Varanasi,

2007

chdf]bf df]o/+; ===================== alxgL ?+Woft\ . %@

Churna of ajmodam mocharasa, shrgavera and dhatabi busuma taben with buttermilk

prepared from cow's milk can even stop the flow of river Ganga can step sever diarrhoeas). (Page. No. 90)

chdf]bf lkKknL =========== jfns+ tyf . %%

Ajamoda along with pippali, dadima, jiraba etc are used in preparation of kapithastaba

churna. It is benificial in discases of the throat, atisara etc. (Page - 93)

chdf]bf =============================== kn+ ej]t\ . &&

Ajmoda along with maricha, nagapurpa, falisa, jiraba etc medicinal plants are used in the

preparation of Maha khandava churna. It is beneficial in diseases of hydya (heart). Good appetiser krmi, chardi and five types of swasa (dyspmo)

chdf]bf z"7L ========== Iff/f} nj0f . *#

Ajmoda along with chitraba, triphala, vyosa, jiraha, vacha, yavani etc dravayas used in the

preparation of Narayan churna. Acts as a purgative to cure all diseases.

chdf]bfUhuGwf =============== uhlkKknL . (*

Ajamoda is used as the ingrediex of Lavantriya chirna. It is useful in the kubshi (abdomen), arshas (piles), vistambha, mandagni etc.

lrqs+ ============= r0ohdf]bf ======== sif{;+ldtd\ .. (^

Aajmoda along with Nagara, hingu, pipali etc is used in the preparation of chirababadhi churna. (Page 113) Uses - dipana, ruchibrt, grahani etc.

chdf]bf ========== b] jbf? r ..

Power of saindhava, pippali mula, pippali, chavya etc along with Ajamoda used in shotha pain of amavata, samdhipida, gadhrasi, pain in the waist, bach, legs and buttochs.

chdf]bf =========== kf}ifs/ Sof .. @)÷!%)

Ajamoda along with Hingu, patha, abhaya, dhanya etc is used in the preparation of

Hinguwadi curna. It is used in hibba, gulma, aruchi. (page - 106) Ajamoda along with yavani, jiraba, dhanya, maricha, giribarniba etc used in the preparation of kanbayangutiba.

page - 107, Shlok - 157 Aajmoda along with Nagara, pippali, chavya, popalimula etc used as ingredients of yogaray

gugula. This helps in nabhishula, bhagandara, apasmara, aruchi.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 10

YOGARATNĀKĀRA (17TH CENTURY) - Editor: Krishna Sharma, Pandurang Jawaji, Nirnaya-Sagar Press, Bombay,1926 A.D. Page:313,

314

BHAISAJYA RATNĀVALI (18TH CENTURY)

- Govindadasji- Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Commented upon by Shastri Datta, English Translation

By Dr Kanjiv Lochan Vol II by chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan Varanasi -2006(1st Edition)

kmnqo+ ================================= ;dfGoddLifd \ .

Ajamoda along with danti, trivrit, vaca etc used in the preparation of Lavangadi vati.

Therapeutic uses- gulma, arsa, sotha, amavata and all types of the chronic problems of

gastrointestinal tract.

odfGohfhL =============== rfi6ldsfdlk .. &) .. k]h g+= $!@

Ajamoda along with sati, danti, citraba etc used in the preparation of kanbayana Gutiba.

Theraputic benefits - these pills should be taken along with hubewarm water, sour juice. It

cures gulma, piles, heart diseases etc.

lkKkNo]nf ===================== k"l0f{td\ .. @ .. k]h g+= $#$

Ajamoda along with pippali, ela, vaca etc. used in the preparation of pippaliadi curnam.

Administration- After the body is cleansed of impurities, the patient should be given the

potion along with drinb of any of the unctuous substances. page 3-5 gm.

chdf]bf ================ s6'/f]lx0fL .. !& .. k]h g+= %$(

Ajamoda along with syama, bala, triphala, kamala etc used in the preparation of

vrihacchymadi ghritam.

;d'b| ============= odflgdhdf]bs~r .. !( .. k]h g+= %^*

AJamoda along with samudra used lavana, sauvacla etc used in the preparation of

sumudrayda

If/åo+ ================== laNjd\ .. $^ ..

Ajamoda along with suajib sara, yavabsara, sauvachla etc used in the preparation of ksaradi

Gudiba.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 11

AJAMODĀ IN KOSHA AND NIGHANTUS

AMARKOSHA (5TH CENTURY) - Amarsingh, Commentary by Pandit Kulchandra Sharma Gautam,Nepal Rājakiya Pragyā

Pratishthān, Kathmandu, 2026 B.S

cd/sf]if – /fdgf/fo0fnfn a]gLdfwj

Synonym of chdf]bf

chdf]bf, pu|uGwf, a|Xdbef{, ojflgsf gfd chdf]bfsf x'g .

MADANPĀL NIGHANTU (14TH CENTURY) - Editor: Pandit Hari Prasad Tripathi,Chowkhamba Krishnadās Academy,2009

u+uf lji0f' >L s[i0fbf; chdf]bf ====================== ds{6 M .. @* ..

chdf]bf, cTo'u|u+wf, df]bf, xl:tdo"/s, v/fxf, sf/jL, SNnL, a:tdf]bf, ds{6 oL chdf]bfsf]

kof{ox? x'g\ .

chdf]bf ======================= ho]t\ .. @( ..

chdf]bf s6' tyf tLI0f x'G5 . clUg k|bLKt u5{ . skmjft zfds x'G5 . tftf] x'G5, bfx u5{

XB x'G5 tyf k'li6sf/s x'G5 . xNsf x'G5 . g]q/f]u, s[ld, 5lb{, ;L+k, al:t/f]u nfO{ hLTb5 .

kxf8L chjfognfO{ chdf]b elgG5 .

R ̅JA NIGHANTU (15TH CENTURY)

- 8f= OG›b]jlqkf0fL–/fhlg306'M s[i0fbf; cfo'j]{b ;L/Lh %, rf}vDaf s[i0fbf; csfb;L, jf/f0f;L,

k[=g= !%^, ;+:s/0f @)!)

Latin Name:

Carum rox Burghianum

chdf]bf v/xjf ============================= uGwklqm .. !)* ..

aXd|sf]zL ================================ dtf .. !)( ..

chdf]bf v/fxf, j:tdf]bf ds{6L df]bf, uGwbnf, xl:t sfvL, uGwklqsf dfo"/L, lzlvdf]bf,

df]bf9\of, alGxbLlksf, a|Xdsf]ifL, ljzfnL, uGwf, pu| ulGwsf, df]lbgL oL ;a} kof{o

chdf]bfsf x'g\ .

Religious names

lxGbL chdf]bf a+ufnL – jgof]ofg, u'h/ftL af]l8 chdf]b

chdf]bfsf] u'0f

chdf]bf s6' /;, pi0fjLo{ tyf ?If x'G5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 12

jftskmgfzs tyf ?lrsf/s x'G5 . o;n] z"n, cfWdfg, cz]rs, tyf pb//f]usf]

gfz ub{5 .

k|of]Ho c+u – aLh

dfqf – ! u|fd – ^ u|fd

KAIYADEVA NIGHANTU (15th Century) - Acharya Priyavrata Sharma & Dr. Guruprasad Sharma, Chowkhamba Orientalia,Rerint

2009. Page:173

Latin Name - Trachyspermum roxburghianum

chdf]bf a:tdf]bf ======================== ljgfZo]t\ . -!@)) – !@)@_

kof{o – chdf]bf, j:tdf]bf, df]bf, xl:t do"/s, pu|uGwf, x[bouGwf, bLKos, jNnL, sf/jL /

s[ldgf lzgL kof{o chdf]bfsf 5g\ . u'0fsd{ – chdf]bf s6' Pj+ ltQm s6'ljkfs, pi0fjLo{,

?If, clUgbLks, kfrs, ljbfx pTkGg ug]{ tyf skmjftgfzs, n3', x[bosf] nfO{ lxtsf/,

tfhLs/0f, g]q/f]u, c?lr, jdg, lxRsLdf sfo{ ub{5 .

BHAVPRAKĀSH NIGHANTU (16th Century) - Commentators: K.C. Chunekar, G.S. Pandey, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 1986.

Page:27

Syonyms:

lx – chdf]bf, chdf]bf, chd"bf, chdf]t

a+ – jgodfgL, /fGw'gL, chd"b, rg'

English name - Celery fruit, Appi fritus

Latin - Apium graveolens Linn

Family - Umbelliferae

o"/f]k, cd]/Lsf tyf ef/tjif{df o;sf] v]tL x'G5 . k+hfa tyf pQ/k|b]zdf ljz]ift o;sf]

v]tL x'G5 . of] pQ/ klZrdL lxdfno tyf k+hfasf] kxf8L k|b]zx?df kfOG5 .

j0f{g – o;sf] If'k @–# kmL6 cUnf] x'G5 .

kq – cg]s efudf ljeQm x'G5 .

km"n – ;]tf] / ;fgf] 5qdf x'G5g\ .

kmn – kLtfe, uf]nfe, v}/f] x'G5,

!_ 2.5 m.m rf}8fO, 0.5 m.m df]6f] wf/Lo'Qm x'G5 .

k|of]u – o;sf] t]n på]i7g lg/f]wL, jftgf8Lsfd] nflu aNo Pj+ cfe jf tfe

;+lwzf]ydf nfebfoL x'G5 .

@_ o;sf] d"n /;fog Pj+ d"qn dflgG5 . pkof]u – ;jf{+u zf]km / z"ndf

ul/G5 .

#_ o;sf] d"naf6 ag]sf] sfFkmL dl:tis Pj+ jftgf8Lsf] nflu anbfos x'G5 .

$_ of] ck:df/ Pj+ ule{0fLx?sf] nflu xflgsf/s dflgPsf] 5 . \

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 13

dfqf – kmn r"0f{ ! b]lv $ dfzf

ABHINAVA NIGHANTU (1850 A.D) - Dattaram Chaube, Sanskrit Books on Medicine, Chemistry & c.,1850. Page: 5

chdf]bfsf] aLh

;+:s[t – chdf]bf

kmf/;L – t'Vds/ˆ;

c/aL – ah?n s/ˆ;

c+u|]hL – PKo – u|]ljof]n]+;

:j?k – sfnf], :jfb – s6', tLI0f cfgL;"g ;dfg Ps aLh k|s[lt, km'Kkm';nfO{ cju'0f pTkGg

ub{5 .

k|ltlglw – v'/f;gL chdofg

dfqf – ^ dfzaf6 ( dfz ;Dd

u'0f, sd{, k|of]u – Zjf;, ?Ifsf;, jft / skmgfzs, os[t / KnLxf ljsf/ gfzs, cTo]t d"j|

ckjt{s, cZd/L v+8g, If'wf / cf]h rfng stf{, d"n – ;+k"0f{ skmh /f]ux?df nfek|b, cfxf/

kfrs tyf hnf]b/ u'0f stf{ k|efjsf] sf/0f cfˆgf] aLh eGbf anjfg \ . aLh / d"n b'j}

lglj{if .

SHANKAR NIGHANTU (1935 A.D.)

- Shankardatta Gaud Rajavaidhya- Shankar Nighantu, Banaushadhi Bhandar Jabalpur 1935

Page: 4

;+:s[t M chdf]bf, u'h/ftL af]8L chdf]b, kmf/;L s/km;, d/f7L chdf]bf, a+unf agodfgL

c+u|]hL M Celery Seed

:jfb M ltvf], s6' xflgk|b, ue{, km'Kkm';

xflglgjf/s – cgL;"g

cefj – ch v'/f;gL

/+u – :ofxL h:t}

dfqf – !–# df; ;Dd

u'0fx? – clUgbLks, skm tyf jfo' gi6 ug]{, pi0f, bfxsf/s, x[bonfO{ lk|o, jLo{ jw{s,

ansf/s g]q/f]u, skm, jdg, lxSsf cflb /f]udf pko'St x'G5 .

ljj/0f – chdf]bfsf] If'k chjfogsf] ;dfg ;fgf] @ x'G5 . s[ifsx?n] o;nfO{ v]tdf /f]kfO{

u5{g\ . o;sf] zfvfx?df 7"nf] @ 5Qf aGb5 . Tof] kfs]kl5 To;af6 aLh lg:sG5 / s'6fO{

ubf{ aLh 5'l6G5 . To;nfO{ chdf]b elgG5 . o;sf] aLh chjfog eGbf 7"nf] x'G5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 14

NIGHANTU ĀDARSHA (Purvārdha)(1968 A.D) - Nighantu Ādarsa), Bāpālāl G. Vaidya, Chowkhamba Vidyabhawan, Varanasi,1968. 628-683

chdf]b – Apium Graveolens

Other Reginal names - lxGbL chdf]b, u'h/ftL – af]8L chdf]b, dnbfnd – chdf]bf, a+ufnL

– aghf]ofg\

;+:s[t gfd – chdf]bf, v/fxf, v/f>f, sfvL, a:tLdf]bf, bLKof

lg?lQm – v/f>jf, v/} M cfZot] Olt jf …cz \ef]hg]Ú o;nfO{ ub{en] vfG5g\ .

- sfvL – s} M hn} < /f]{lt Olt . …? zAb] .Ú sv:o do"/:o Ood \ Olt jf . sf/f] Ood\ M Olt

jf sfvL . o;n] dL/;Fu} ;fb[z wf/0f ub{5 .

bLKof – bLkgd\ Olt . bLKof]hlUgbLkg\ . o;n] h7/flUgnfO{ bLKt ub{5 .

/; – s6', jLo{ – pi0f, ljkfs – s6' bf]ifsd{ – skm, jft gfzs

u'0ff M– chdf]bf ================= ansf/L nB' M g]qfdo ========================== x/]t\ .. ef=k|f=

chdf]bf =========================== r}j .. /f=lg=

of] d"qn, zf]kmxg, bLkg, kfrg, tLI0f, pi0f, ljkfsdf s6', lkQ jw{s Pj+ skmjftx/ x'G5 .

x[bosf] nflu lxts/, g]q/f]u gi6 ug]{, tyf skm, jdg / lxSsfnfO{ b"/ u5{ . r/sn] cz{df

o;sf] kf]sf] agfP/ ;]Sg] pkb]z lbg' ePsf] 5 . g0odt cfUn n]vsx?n] klg chdf]bfsf]

aLpm x[bonfO{ zlQm lbg] tyf pQ]hssf] ?kdf lbg] k/fdz{ lbPsf 5g \ . pgLx?sf] syg

cg';f/ aLpm Zjf; / sf;df c+uu|xgfzssf] ?kdf pkof]uL 5 . ef/tLox?n] os[t tyf

KnLxf ljsfd/x?df o;sf] k|of][u ub{5g\ . chdf]bfsf] d"n lr/u'0fsf/L, kf}li6s / d"qn x'G5 .

pb//f]u / pb/ z"ndf o;sf] k|of]u x'G5 . aLh pQ]hs / skmxg x'G5 . :gfo'z}loNos/ x'g ]

ePsf]n] j/fw, Zjf; cflb Joflwx?df / s]xL c+zdf os[t / KnLxf ljsf/df k|of]u x' \G5 . of]

cft{jhgs x'G5 .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 15

NEPALI NIGHANTU ( नेपालीननघण्टु: ) (2025 B.S)

- Koshanath Devkota, Nepal Rājkiya Pragya Pratisthān, Kathmandu, 2025. Page: 149

;+ – chdf]bf, v/fxf, a:tdf]bf, ds{/L df]bf, uGwbnf, xl:t sfdvL dfw"/L, lzlvdf]bf,

df]xf9of, jlx|bLlksf, a|Xd sf]zL, ljzfnL, XBu+wf, pu|u+lwsf, df]lbgL, kmnd'Vof lxGbL –

chdf]bf, a+ufnL – jgojfgL d–s– chdf]bf

Latin Name M- APIUM GRAVEOLENS

:jefj – lk/f], u/d, ?vf] / tLI0f 5 . xnsf 5 . ?lr u/fpF5 . an jLo{ a9fpF5 .

jl:t z'4 u/fpFb5 . skm, jfo', z"n cfWdfg c?lr, k]6sf /f]u, g]q/f]u, jdg /

lxSsfdf pkof]uL 5 . ljbfxL 5 .

dxf}jw lg306' – Znf]s

chdf]bf ================ bLKos:tof .. ^& ..

Name of Ajmoda - Aajmoda, kharaba, mayura, lochmastaba, phalmubhaya, karavi, dipayab,

these all are the sansbrit names of the Aajmoda

Guna :- chdf]bf s6'/;o'Qm, tLI0fjLo{, clUgk|bLks, skm aft gfzs, pi0f jLo{, ljbfxL, x[B,

s[io tyf kl/kfsdf nB' x'G5 . gq/f]u, skmhGo /f]u jdg, lxs\sf tyf al:t cflb /f]udf

sfo{ ub{5 .

Other regional names :- ljdz{ lx= chdf]b, chdf]bf, a+ufnL jgodf7L, chd"b, English

name - selery rads

L.N - Carum ronfughianum

chdf]bfsf] If'k Pskm'6 cUnf] x'G5 . kfQx? cg]s efux? ljeQm x'G5g \ . k|To]s efudf

ulx/f] sfl6Psf] lsgf/f x'G5 . km"nkmn – 5Qfx?af6 chdf]bfsf] km"n kmn ;dfg x'G5 . ;"s]

kl5 h'g kmn lg:sG5 ToxL chdf]bf xf] . of] ;'ulGw, kfrs, jftfg'nf]ds, ansf/s, pQ]hs,

e"k|n, uef{Zo;+sf]rs, Pj+ x|B x'G5 . o;nfO{ 3/df pb/z"n, cfWdfg, jdg, lxSsfd, ckr

cflb /f]ux?df k|of]u ul/G5 . o; afx]s Pp6f kf/;Ls chdf]b x'G5 To;sf] u'0f klg

chdf]bf ;dfg x'G5 k/Gt' ljz]iftf of] 5 ls Tof] kfrs, ?lrsf/s, u|fxL, dfbs tyf

kl/kfsDt u'? x'G5 . u|fXo c+u – aLh

dfqf – b'O{ df;f – cf7 df;f

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 16

AJAMODĀ IN DRAVYAGUNA TEXTS DRAVYAGUNA VIJNĀNA(MATERIA MEDICA- VEGETABLE DRUGS) - Dr. Gyanendra Pandey, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi. Part I, Page:

Botanical names

- Trachyspermum roxbughianum (DC)

- Carum roxburghianum

- Apium graveolens (Linn)

- Pseucedanum graveolens (Linn) Hiers

Family -Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Classical name - Ajamoda

Sanskrit name - Ajamoda, Kharahva

Regional names - Ajmod, Antiomum (Tel.) Karpsehind (Arabic, Persian), Gandhuni (Beng.)

Ajmoda (Max)

Description

A herbaceous aromatic annual fruits small Atudded with blunt simple hairs, each mericarp

consisting five ridges paler than the spaces between them and containing about 15 vittae.

Distribution

Hills of the Punjab and foot of the North-west blimalayas, Cultivated specially in Maharastra

and other regions.

Chemical composition

seeds contains volatile oil.

Propertics Rasa - Katu, tibta

Guna - Laghu, Rubsa, Tibsna Virya - Usna

Vipaba - Katu Dosabarma - Kaphuvatsamab - Pittavardhab Therapeutic uses In cough, cold, anti helmitic, abhrodisiac, cardiac stimulant, carminative, analesic drug. Expectorant, stimulant, stomachic. Part used - seeds Doses - 1-5 gms, seed powder 0.25 -0.5 ml distillate Formulation- Ajamodadi curna, Ajamodadi vataba

DRAVYAGUNA- VIJNĀNA PART 2 - P.V. Sharma, Choukhamba Bharati Acadamy, Banarasi, 2012. Page:

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 17

u0f – z"nk|zdg, bLkgLo -r=_

lkKkNoflb -;'=_

s'n – ztk'ikf (Umbelliferae)

gfd – Carum roxburghianum

Sansbit name – Ajamoda

Hindi – chdf]b

Morphological Character

o;sf] If'k chjfog ;b[z nueu !–# km'6 cUnf] x'G5 .

d"n – d"nfsf/ x'G5 .

kq – låkIfjt\, kqsf] clGtd v08 /]vfsf/ tyf efnfsf/ x'G5g\ .

k'ik – ;+o'Qm 5qsdf, ;fgf], Zj]t jf xl/tfe nfU5 .

kmn – c+8fsf/, kLtfe, chjf;gsf] kmn eGbf 7"nf] x'G5g\ . jiff{ b]lv j;Gt ;Dd o;df k'ik

/ clk|ndf kmn nfUb5 .

chdf]bf T. stictocarpum (C.B. Clabe) Wolff h:t} ;dfgtf /fV5 / ;Dejt s[lifh ?k xf] .

s]jn kmndf yf]/} cGt/ x'G5 .

o;sf] kmndf klg /]vfx? clws tyf kmn clws /f]dz klg x'G5 . pTklQ:yfg ;d:t

ef/tdf ljz]if ul/ dxf/fi6«, k+hfa, pQ/k|b]zdf o;sf] v]tL ul/G5 .

Chemical Composition

aLhdf ;ulGwt t]n -@%Ü_, l:y/ t ]n - $=%Ü_ tyf Pp6f :kml6sLo s]6fg of}lus -)=!Ü_

x'G5 .

u'0f

u'0f – n3', ?If, tLI0f /; – s6', ltQm

ljkfs – s6' jLo{ – pi0f

bf]ifsd{ – skmjftzfds, lkQjw{s

;+:yflgs sd{

External – j]bgf:yfkg, ljbfxL Internal

Digestive System – ljbfxL, bLkg, jftfg'nf]dg, z"nk|zdg, s[ldWg

Circulatory System – x[bopQ]hs

Respiratory System – skmxg

Urinary System – d"qk|j{Qs

Reproductive System – uef{zo pQ]hs, jf hLs/0f

k|of]Ho c+u – kmn

dfqf – !–# u|fd

ljlzi6 of]u – chdf]bflb r"0f{, chdf]bflb j6s .

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 18

Views of modern authors

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NEPAL - Bulletin of the Department of Plant Resources No. 28; Government of Nepal Department of

Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2007, Page: 73.

chdf]8f (Ajmodaa)

Nepali Name: h+unL Hjfg'

Latin Name: - A pium graveolens linn Family - Umbelliferae Other names - celery, Ajmod, Karnauli (Hindi), Ajmoda (sansbrit) Description - A herbaceous annual or biannual erect herb upto 60-90 can tall. Leaves are reduced to pinnate, large, deeply divided and coarsely toothed at the apex, leaflets to sub orbicular, 3-lobed, 2-4. Scm long. Flowers small, white in a compound ambel. Floweering and fruiting- June- August pars used - fruits and seeds Uses - The fatty oil obtained from the fruit is used as an antispasmodic and nerve stimulant. Seeds are stimulant, carminative and are used as a nerve tonic and also as a remedy for rheumatism .

Distribution in Nepal - Imported and cultivated

AYURIVEDIC PHARAMACOLOGY Vishnu Mahadeu Gogte, Therapeutic uses of Medicinal plants, - New Delhi , Chaubhamba publications , Pg. No. 290- 291

Carum roxbur ghianum Benth Gana - Smoolapraprasha man, Deepaniya, pippalyadi Kula - Shatpuspa kula Family - Umbellifereae Latin name - Carum roxburghianum (Dc. Spa-rague) Carum (From caria)Roots as well as seeds are edible, Sanskrit names - Ajmoda, Kharashva, Karvi marbati, Shibhimoda, Moodadhya, Ugragandhiba, Phalmubhya, Botanical Description

The shub is small, almost 3

1 to 1 mtr. high leaves-winged. Flowers are round, 5-20

in cluster. Seeds - greysh in colors. There are small spots on seeds habitat- All over

India but more in Maharashatra Chemical Composition: - It contains volatile oil.

Proerties Guna - Laghu, rubsha, tibshna

Rasa - Katu, Tibta Vipab - Katu

Veerya -Ushna (Tibshna) Dosha - Pacifies Kapha and Vota. It increases pitta dosha. Useful in kapha-vata disorders.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 19

Uses - Anal gesic, arthritis, carminative, appetizer, antihelmintic, hiccoughs, hel minithiasis.

Satmibaran - Used in General debility

Part used Seeds

Doses 5-7 gm, powder

Formulations

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 20

INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS (A COMPENDIUM OF 500 SPECIES)

- Arya Vaidya sala, Orient Longman, 2007, Volume 1. Chennai.Page: 299-300

Trachyspermum rorburghianum (DC.) craib

(T.involcratum wolff non Marie)

(Carum ronburghianum Benth ex Kwiz)

Apiaceae -ztk'ikf– s'nd\

Eng - Ajowan

Hin - Ajmud, Randhuni

Kan - Ajamodhavoma

Mal - Ajamodbam

San - Ajamoda -chdf]bf_

Tam - Asamtavomam

Tel - Ajumoda, Vamu

Distribution

Cultivated throught out India the plant An erect branched annual herb, stems striate,

leaues 2- pinnate, ultimate segements all linear, flowers pure white in compound

umbels fruits, void, ultimately shining, yellow, arematic remocarps, mericarps with

faint ridges, compresscarps with faint ridges, compressed

Part used - fruits

Properties and uses : The fruits are acrid, bitter, thermognic, atispasmodic, stimulant, tonic,

digestive, antihelmintic and carminative. They are useful in blatulence dyspepsia, diarrhoea,

pharyngitis, rheumatoid arthretis, fronchitis, cough, asthma and strangry. They have been

shown to possess antibiotic and oliuretic propesties. They are used as an household remedy

for dyspepria. They are also very rich in calcium and iron

Medicinal Plants of India

- S.N. Lal, M. Singh, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata, 2009. Page:12

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 21

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CERTAIN MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN

AYURVEDA

- S.c. Malhotra , V.N. Pandey, Central Council Research in Ayurveda & Sidda-1990 New

Delhi.Page: 59-60

Tracheypermum Rox burgianum (Dr,)

Syn. - Carum roxburghianum kwrz

Family - umbelliferae

Paryaya (Synonyms)

Ajamoda, Kharasva, Dipyaba, Mayura

Vargibarna

Sula prasamana (Ca)

Pippalyadigana (Su)

Guna - Karma

Rasa - Katu, Tibta

Guna - Tirsna, pubsa, laghu

Virya - Usna

Ghataba

Ajamodadi -Curna

chdf]bf s6'tLI0f bLkgL skmjftg'6\

pi0f ljbflxgLx[Bf, j[iofans/LnB'M .

Metaria Medica of the Hindus U.C Dult (Page - 173)

carum roxburghianum

The seeds of carum roxburghianum (ajamoda) are an essential in gredient of native

coobery. They are said to be useful in hiscub vomiting and pain in the region of the

bladder. They enter into the composition of several carminative and atimulant

preparation such as ajamodadi churna etc.

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 22

VANAUSADHI-CHANDRODAYA - C. Bhandari,Vanausadhi Chandrodaya, Bhānupurā, Jnāna-Mandira, , Pg. No: 27-29

;+:s[t gfd

chdf+bf, a:tdf]bf, ds+6L, sfvL lxGbL – chdf]b, a+ufnL – /fGw'gL, kmf/;L – s/ˆ;, c/aL,

ns/ˆ;

Latin Name :

Apium Graveolens

Carum Roxburghianum

j0f{g –

chdf]bfsf] af]6 Ps b]vL tLg km'6 ;Dd nfdf] x'G5 . o;sf] kftx? cg]s efudf ljeQm

x'G5g\ . k|To]s efusf] lsgf/f sfl6Psf] x'G5 . of] hflt chdf]bfsf] Pp6f e]b xf] . km"naf6

k|fKt x'g] bfgf nfO{ g} chdf]bf elgG5 . sltko j}Bx?n] h+unL Hjfg ' nfO{ g} chdf]b dfG5g \

. Ps b'O{j6f lg306'sf/x?n] klg chdf]bsf] n}l6g gfd Sesili Indicum n]v]sf 5g\ . k/Gt' of]

gfd h+unL Hjfg'sf] xf] .

u'0f – bf]if

cfo'j]{bsf] dtfg';f/ chdf]b tLtf], clUg bLks tftf] tyf pi0fjLo{, bfxfsf/L,

x[bonfO{ lxtsf/L, jLo{j4{s, xNsf, skm–jft /f]unfO{ lgsf] ug]{, jfo' gnLsf] k|bfx, jdg,

vf]sL, s[ld lxSsfd OToflb /f]udf nfebfoL x'G5 .

pkof]u M

k]6 b'vfO{ M– jL/] g"g ;Fu chdf]bfsf] r"0f{ lbg] eg] k]6 b'vfO{df nfebfoL x'G5 . tyf

r"0f{nfO{ u'8 ;Fu uf]nL agfP/ lbPdf klg nfebfos x'G5 .

;'Vvf vf]sL – chdf]bfnfO{ kfgdf /fv]/ r":bf vf]sLdf nfe k|fKt x'G5 .

lxSsf – ef]hg kl5 lxSsf nfu]df chdf]bfsf] bfgfsf] /; ;]jg ug]{ .

d"qfzodf ;d:of x'Fbf chdf]bf / g"gnfO{ ld;fP/, tftf] agfO{ d"qgnLdf ;]Sbf

nfebfoL x'G5 .

bGt kL8f – chdf]bfnfO{ kfn]/ To;sf] w'gL -v/fgL_ lbbfF To;sf] kL8f sd x'G5 .

adg – chdf]bf / Njf+unfO{ kLg]/ dx;Fu lbFbf adg /f]lsG5 .

s[ld/f]u – aRrfx?sf] u'bfdf kg]{ s[ldx?df chdf]bfsf] w'gL agfP/ lbFbf nfebfos

x'G5 .

of]u

clt;f/ gfzs r'0f{

jft gfzs r"0f{

chdf]bflb j6L

chdf]bflb r"0f{

chdf]bflb df]bs

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 23

Some research work conducted on Bauhinia variegata around the world

Blood pressure lowering, vasodilator and cardiac-modulatory potential of Carum roxburghianum seed extract.

Khan M1, Khan AU, Rehman NU, Gilani AH.

Author information Abstract

Abstract In current study, we describe blood pressure (BP)-lowering, endothelium-dependent, and

independent vasodilator and cardio-modulatory actions of Carum roxburghianum seed. The crude

extract of C. roxburghianum seed (Cr.Cr) induced dose-dependent (10-100  mg/kg) fall in arterial BP

of anaesthetized rats. In isolated rabbit aorta, Cr.Cr (0.3 -10  mg/mL) inhibited high K+ (80  mM) and

phenylephrine (PE, 1  µM)-induced contractions, like verapamil and papaverine. In endothelium-intact

rat aortic preparations, Nω-nit ro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-sensitive vasodilator activity was

observed with Cr.Cr, which also relaxed endothelium-denuded aorta tissues. In guinea-pig atria, Cr.Cr

initially caused mild cardiac stimulation, followed by inhibition, as shown by papaverine. These results

reveal that cardiovascular effects of C. roxburghianum seed extract are mediated possibly through

combination of Ca++ antagonist, nitric oxide modulating and phosphodiesterase inhibitory

mechanisms, though further in-depth studies are required for elucidating precise mode of action.

Gut and airways relaxant effects of Carum roxburghianum.

Khan M1, Khan AU, Najeeb-ur-Rehman, Gilani AH.

Author information Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Carum roxburghianum is traditionally used in hyperactive gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders.

The present study was carried out to investigate the possible gut and airways relaxant potential of

Carum roxburghianum to rationalize its folk uses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Crude extract of Carum roxburghianum (Cr.Cr) was studied in in vivo and in vitro techniques.

RESULTS:

Cr.Cr exhibited protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice at 100-1000 mg/kg. In

rabbit jejunum preparations, Cr.Cr (0.03-3.0 mg/mL) caused relaxation of spontaneous and K(+) (80

mM)-induced contractions at similar concentrations, like papaverine. Pretreatment of tissues with

Cr.Cr (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) shifted Ca(++) concentration-response curves (CRCs) to right, like verapamil.

Cr.Cr (0.03 and 0.1 mg/mL) caused leftward shift of isoprenaline -induced inhibitory CRCs, similar to

papaverine. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, Cr.Cr (0.01 and 0.03 mg/mL) produced rightward parallel

shift of acetylcholine-curves, like atropine. Cr.Cr (1.0-30 mg/kg) caused suppression of carbachol

(CCh, 100 μg/kg)-induced increase in inspiratory pressure of anaesthetized rats. In guinea-pig

trachea, Cr.Cr (0.03-1.0 mg/mL) relaxed CCh and high K(+)-induced contractions, shifted

isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to left at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL and CCh-curves parallel to right

(0.01 and 0.03 mg/mL). Cr.Cr did not cause any mortality of mice up to 10 g/kg dose.

CONCLUSION:

These results indicate that Carum roxburghianum possess combination of antidiarrheal,

antispasmodic and bronchodilatory effects, which provides pharmacological basis to its traditional use

in the disorders of gut and airways hyperactivity, like diarrhea, colic and asthma

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 24

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF APIACEAE FAMILY

- (Modern Plant Taxonomy, N.S. Subrahmanyam, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd.,First Edition,1995) Page:286-287,295-297

APIACEAE

The Apiaceae are mostly temperate herbs almost always with umbellate inflorescences

comprising about 300 genera and 3,000 species that are commonly further

distinguished by the presence of hollow stems and sheathing petioles. The leaves are

nearly always alternate and pinnately or palmately compound or more than once

compound; stipules are generally absent. The flowers are typically small, mostly

bisexual, mostly actinomorphic except in a few instances where pseudanthia are

produced and the peripheral flowers have enlarged petals directed away from the

center of the inflorescence. The calyx is reduced to 5 tooth-like sepals around the

summit of the ovary or may even be obsolete. The corolla consists of 5 distinct,

typically inflexed petals or rarely is lacking. The androecium comprises 5 distinct

stamens arising from an epigynous nectary disk. The gynoecium consists of a single

compound pistil of 2 carpels, 2 styles borne on an enlarged stylopodium, and an

inferior ovary with 2 locules, each containing a single pendulous, apical-axile ovule.

The fruit is a schizocarp.

TAXONOMY OF AJAMODĀ Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Apiales

Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Genus: Trachyspermum

Species: T. roxburghianum

Binomial name : Trachyspermum roxburghianum

Synonyms : Trachyspermum involucratum Wolff non Marie

Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 25

Botanical Description

Flower: Complete, Incomplete, Perfect, Imperfect . Floral Symmetry: Radial or rarely Bilateral. Perianth: +, Differentiated. Tepals (T): . Calyx (K): (0)5, Distinct, usually small or absent, Epigynous.

Corolla (C): (0)5(-15), Distinct or rarely basally Coalescent, Epigynous. Androecium (A): 5(-15), Distinct, Epigynous. Gynoecium (G): Syncarpous, Pistil=1, Carpels/pistil=2, Locules/pistil=2, Ovules/locule=1. Ovary: Inferior. Placentation:

Key Characters

Floral Formula:

Transverse Diagram of Flower

Profile Diagram of flower

Source:

Monograph on Carum roxburghianum Benth ex Kurz Page 26

CONCLUSION

.

References