etude géomorphologie de la zone plaine-joux, anterne, pormenaz

7/21/2019 Etude géomorphologie de la zone Plaine-Joux, Anterne, Pormenaz

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Frtour Bfzkj

N7 KLL

Ofrl`jksftk`jaë`arfpokh

UHTXDH AH@L@R]O@N@AKVXH

DH NF S@JH ]NFKJH-C@X_,

FJTHRJH, ]@RLHJFS\ Vuhns s`jt nhs pr`ghssus ër`skis í n‛`rkakjh dh nf l`rpo`n`akh fgtuhnnh dh ghtth z`jh.



2

W`llfkrhKjtr`dugtk`j ............................................................................................................................................. 7

K. Aë`nàkh .......................................................................................................................................... 4

F. Nh lfsski grkstfnnkj hxthrjh dhs Fkauknnhs Rùahs ........................................................................ 4

B. Nhs thrrfkjs sëdklhjtfkrhs .......................................................................................................... 8

G. Thgt`jkquh ................................................................................................................................... 8

KK. Aë`l`rpo`nàkh.............................................................................................................................. 9

F. Whgthur ]`rlhjfz ....................................................................................................................... 9

B. Whgthur Ikz ................................................................................................................................... 9

G`jgnusk`j ............................................................................................................................................... ?

Bkbnkàrfpokh ........................................................................................................................................... ;



7

Kjtr`dugtk`jNf z`jh ëtudkëh sh sktuh hj Irfjgh, dfjs nhs Fnphs du J`rd, sur nf g`llujh dh ]fssy (14, Ofuth-

Wfv`kh).

Nh shgthur g`jghrjë hst hjgfdrë pfr nh Dëshrt dh ]nftë fu J`rd-ùhst, nh g`n d‛Fjthrjh fu J`rd, Nf

]`kjth J`krh dh ]`rlhjfz fu Wud-ùhst ht pfr nf g`llujh dh Whrv`z fu Wud.

Ikaurh 6 3 Gfrth dh sktuftk`j. A`ành, rhtùgoh F. Bfzkj, 2==;

Jùs s`llhs sur ujh z`jh `û n‛`j rhtrùvh dhs thrrfkjs sëdklhjtfkrhs (G/C), dhs r`gohs du s`gnh

grkstfnnkj (A), dhs ëbùnks (Hb) ht dhs thrrfkjs oùknnhrs (O). @j j`th nf prëshjgh d‛ujh ifknnh (- - -) quk

trfvhrsh nh shgthur.

Ikaurh 2 3 Gfrth aë`nàkquh sklpnkikëh du shgthur. A`ành, rhtùgoh F. Bfzkj, 2==;

Vuhns s`jt nhs pr`ghssus fyfjt kjdukt gh pfysfah ht cùhjt-kns hjg`rh í n‛ohurh fgtuhnnh 0



4

K. Aë`nàkhJùs jùs sktu`js í gohvfn hjtrh nh lfsski grkstfnnkj hxthrjh `ggkdhjtfn dhs Fkauknnhs Rùahs, fu Wud-

hst du Wùfy ht nhs thrrfkjs sëdklhjtfkrhs dh nf jfpph dh gofrrkfah Ohnvëtkquh fu J`rd-ùhst du

rfvkj du Wùfy.

F.

Nh lfsski grkstfnnkj hxthrjh dhs Fkauknnhs Rùahs

Gh lfsski ifkt pfrtk du s`gnh ohrgyjkhj (lks hj pnfgh fprïs n‛frrãt dh n‛`ràëjïsh ohrgyjkhjjh

phjdfjt n‛ïrh prklfkrh, kn y f hjvkr`js 8== Lf). G‛hst uj hjshlbnh dh arfjkths fyfjt subkt dh i`rths

prhssk`js (dh 6= === í 4= === bfr) ht dh ofuths thlpërfturhs (pnus dh 9==½G) n‛fyfjt lëtfl`rpoksë

hj ajhkss (rhg`jjfkssfbnh sur nh thrrfkj arâgh í nhur pftkjh vhrdâtrh) (gi. ikaurh 7).

]hu fprïs ghtth i`rlftk`j (í pfrtkr dh -78= Lf ht cusqu'í -768 Lf), du lfalf kjtruski s‛hst lks hj

pnfgh, gh quk, pfrt nf sukth, g`jstktuhrf pfr hxhlpnh nh lfsski du L`jt-Bnfjg.

Ght hjshlbnh dh r`gohs o`làïjhs grkstfnnkjhs, gfssfjths prëshjth dh j`lbrhushs irfgturhs ht s`jt

sùrgh d‛oydr`tohrlfnkslh (pfr hxhlpnh nhs tohrlhs dh Wfkjt-Ahrvfks-nhs-Bfkjs) `j y rhtrùvh d`jg

dh j`lbrhux ikn`js lëtfnnkiïrhs (j`tfllhjt dh nf afnïjh, fnnkfah dh pn`lb ht d‛frahjt). G‛hstëafnhlhjt vrfk pùr tùs nhs lfsskis grkstfnnkjs, d‛`û nh j`lbrh g`jskdërfbnh dh lkjhs hxpn`ktëhs

dhpuks nhs R`lfkjs, fkjsk quh n‛ëtfbnksshlhjt d‛ujh ëg`nh dhs Lkjhs í ]rfnàjfj nf Yfj`ksh.

Fu gfrb`jkiïrh (-788 í -7== Lf) dh arfjds arfbhjs sh s`jt i`rlës í gfush du rhnâgohlhjt dhs i`rghs

dh g`lprhssk`j (ghnnhs-ní lãlh quk fvfkhjt hjtrfkjë nf i`rlftk`j dh nf gofkjh ohrgyjkhjjh), kns `jt

phrlks nf lksh hj pnfgh dh nfaujhs d`jt nhs rhsths s`jt pfrifkthlhjt vkskbnhs arâgh fux g`jan`lërfts

(gi. ikaurh 4) ht fux arïs quk s`jt nhs rësuntfts dh n‛ër`sk`j dhs r`gohs grkstfnnkjhs quk hjtùrfkhjt ghs

nfaujhs.

@j trùvh ëafnhlhjt dhs Gfrajhunhs (gi. ikaurh 8) fss`gkëhs í dhs fraknkths, tël`kjs d‛ujh lhr phu

prì`jdh dftfjt du Trkfs (-28= í -2== Lf) lfks fussk dh gkrgunftk`js oydr`tohrlfnhs.

Ikaurh 7 3 W`gnh grkstfnnkj (ajhkss). Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt. 2==;

Ikaurh 4 3 G`jan`lërft (j`lbrhux ihndspftos). Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt 2==;

Ikaurh 8 3 Gfrajhunhs. Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt 2==;



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B. Nhs thrrfkjs sëdklhjtfkrhs

Ghs thrrfkjs s`jt nh rësuntft d‛ujh kllhjsh jfpph dh gofrrkfah quk s‛ëthjd dh nf Wukssh, fux Frfvks ht

hjan`bh, hjtrh futrhs, nh Dëshrt dh ]nftë fkjsk quh nh lfsski dhs Ikz.

@j phut `bshrvhr ujh sërkh sëdklhjtfkrh dh pnus dh 6=== l d‛ëpfksshur quk dëlfrrh du Nkfs

kjiërkhur (2== Lf) ht sh thrlkjh pfr nhs bfrrhs dh gfngfkrh Xra`jkhj (Bfrrëlkhj - Fptkhj, dh 67= í

66= Lf) (gi. ikaurh 9). Ghs gùgohs `jt uj phjdfah `rkhjtë J`rd-ùhst quk g`rrhsp`jd fu infjg Hst du

vfn phrgoë du Dëshrt dh ]nftë (dënklktë í s`j hxtrãlh Hst pfr nf p`kjth d‛Fjthrjh).

Gh s`jt nhs tël`kjs dh n‛fjgkhj `gëfj quk rhgùvrfkt ghtth rëak`j dh -28= í -7= Lf.

F nf bfsh dh ghtth sërkh `j trùvh ujh gùgoh dh lfrjhs dftfjt du Trkfs (-28= í -2== Lf).

Ikaurh 9 3 Nf sërkh sëdklhjtfkrh du lfsski dhs Ikz. Gnkgoë L. Akd`j, rhtùgoh F. Bfzkj

G.

Thgt`jkquh@j `bshrvh dhs trfghs dkrhgths dh nf thgt`jkquh, dhs ikn`js dh qufrtz, tël`kjs dkrhgts dh n‛`ràëjïsh

fnpkjh (H`gïjh, dh -88 í -78 Lf) quk f hjtrfkjë nf surrhgtk`j du s`gnh grkstfnnkj, fkjsk quh dhs

pnksshlhjts quk sukvkrhjt.

Kn hj f rësuntë uj bfsgunhlhjt, sukvk d‛uj anksshlhjt dhs gùgohs sëdklhjtfkrhs surpn`lbfjt ghnuk-gk

ht hj pfrtkh hjtrfkjëhs pfr nf jfpph gofrrkëh Ohnvëtkquh.

Nh rfvkj du Wùfy dënklkth nh g`jtfgt hjtrh nhs r`gohs sëdklhjtfkrhs ht nh s`gnh ajhksskquh. Wur nf

pfrtkh afugoh dh ghnuk-gk kn hst p`sskbnh dh dkstkjauhr nf « gùgoh sfv`j µ g`jstktuëh dh lfrjhs du

Trkfs fyfjt phrlks nh anksshlhjt dh ghtth sërkh sëdklhjtfkrh (gi. ikaurh 1)

Ikaurh 1 3 N‛okst`krh thgt`jkquh dh ]`rlhjfz. Gnkgoë F.

Bfzkj, shpt 2==;



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KK. Aë`l`rpo`nàkhHj `bshrvfjt nh thrrfkj, `j j`th dh j`lbrhushs i`rlhs dkvhrshs ht vfrkëhs quk s`jt nh rësuntft

d‛ër`sk`js dkiiërhjtkhnnhs du thrrfkj fkjsk quh d‛ëvïjhlhjts aë`nàkquhs pnus rfpkdhs.

F. Whgthur ]`rlhjfz

@j y rhtrùvh dh j`lbrhushs i`rlhs lùt`jjëhs, dhs dfnnhs nksshs, fkjsk quh dhs nfgs dh

surgrhushlhjt anfgkfkrh (nfg dh ]`rlhjfz). Wh s`jt dhs strugturhs typkquhs dh n‛ër`sk`j anfgkfkrh quk

rhl`jth í nf dhrjkïrh anfgkftk`j kn y f hjvkr`j 6= === fjs. (gi. ikaurh ?)

Ikaurh ? 3 strugturhs lùt`jjëhs ht dfnnhs nksshs typkquhs dh

n‛ër`sk`j anfgkfkrh fu jkvhfu du nfg dh ]`rlhjfz, dfjs nh i`jt

nf tãth j`krh dh ]`rlhjfz. Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt 2==;

B.

Whgthur Ikz

Ghtth z`jh hst pnus g`lpnhxh, pnuskhurs pr`ghssus ër`skis s`jt í n‛ŗuvrh.

D‛fb`rd, ujh g`jsëquhjgh dkrhgth dh nf i`jth du anfgkhr dh n‛Frvh.

Nf dëg`lprhssk`j dhs r`gohs quk, irfaknksëhs pfr nhs kjikntrftk`js d‛hfu, nhs dëi`rlftk`js thgt`jkquhs,

fkjsk quh nf aënkirfgtk`j, sh dëstfbknkshjt ht hjtrfkjhjt dhs ëbùnksftk`js (hj tël`kajhjt nhs

j`lbrhux tfbnkhrs d‛ëbùnks) (gi. ikaurh ;). G‛hst dh ní quh pr`vkhjt nh j`l dh Dër`go`kr pùr ghtth

z`jh.

@j `bshrvh fussk nhs trfghs d‛hii`jdrhlhjts g`jsëquhjts dh pfr nf prëshjgh dh jkgohs

d‛frrfgohlhjts (nh Lfrthfu pfr hxhlpnh) fkjsk quh dh j`lbrhux bn`gs ht l`nnfrds (bn`gs rhgùvhrt

pfr nh s`n). @j phut bkhj sõr gkthr n‛ëgrùnhlhjt dh 6186, 9=.6=9 l

7 d`jt `j phut v`kr nhs rhsths, sùs

i`rlhs dh ar`s bn`gs lfks fussk dh tùrs g`lpnïths quk `jt trfjsnftë ht quk s‛ëlkhtthjt (gi. ikaurh ;).Ghnuk dh 6416 ëafnhlhjt, quk g`jdukskt í nf grëftk`j du nfg dh Whrv`z (lfkjthjfjt dkspfru).

Hjsukth, tùcùrs hj rfks`j (hj pfrtkh) du rhtrfkt du anfgkhr dh n‛Frvh, d‛klp`rtfjts lùvhlhjts dh

thrrfkjs s`jt `bshrvfbnhs, `j v`kt quh nh thrrfkj j‛hst pfs stfbknksë arâgh í nf prëshjgh dh i`rãts dkths

« kvrhs µ (duh í n‛fppfrhjgh dh nhurs frbrhs quk jh tkhjjhjt pfs dr`kt).

Kns thjdhjt í g`lbnhr nh gùrs dh n‛Frvh quk flpnkikh gh anksshlhjt pfr uj poëj`lïjh dh sfphlhjt

(n‛Frvh r`jah ghtth lftkïrh jùvhnnh quk nuk pfrvkhjt) gfr kn hst prks hj ëtfu hjtrh nhs thrrfkjs oùknnhrs

ht gh anksshlhjt. (gi. ikaurh 6=)

Gh g`lbnhlhjt f dëcí arkaj`të ujh phtkth pfrtkh dh nf vfnnëh dh Wfnnfjgohs puksquh Whrv`z s‛y

trùvfkt kn y f quhnquhs lknnkhrs d‛fjjëhs ht ifkt lfkjthjfjt pfrtkh dh nf vfnnëh dh Gofl`jkx(fntktudkjfnhlhjt pfrnfjt) quk s‛ëtfjt cusqu‛f phu fvfjt nf n`gfnktë dh Gohddh (g`llujh dh ]fssy)



1

d`jt nh j`l skajkikh d‛fknnhurs « gouth µ, prhuvh quh ghs poëj`lïjhs s`jt g`jjus dhpuks uj ghrtfkj

thlps.

Hjikj, `j `bshrvh ujh ër`sk`j dkiiërhjtkhnnh dfjs nh rfvkj du W`ufy.

Gh dhrjkhr hst hjtfknnë sur sf rkvh dr`kth g`jstktuëh dh r`gohs sëdklhjtfkrhs irkfbnhs (lfrjhs

trkfskquhs, gfngfkrhs dh dkiiërhjts âahs) fn`rs qu‛kn hst kjtfgt sur sf rkvh afugoh i`rlëh dh r`gohslëtfl`rpokquhs grkstfnnkjhs (ajhkss). (gi. ikaurh 1, `û n‛`j phut `bshrvhr quh sh s`jt nhs r`gohs

sëdklhjtfkrhs ht j`j nh s`gnh grkstfnnkj quk s`jt hjtflëh)

Ikaurh ; 3 Nhs rësuntfts dh n‛ër`sk`j, n‛ëb`unksftk`j. Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt 2==;

Ikaurh 6= 3 Nh Dër`go`kr, ujh kllhjsh z`jh dh anksshlhjt dh thrrfkj. Gnkgoë F. Bfzkj, shpt 2==;



?

G`jgnusk`jNh shgthur ]`rlhjfz, Fjthrjh, ]nfkjh-Cùx hst nh nkhu dh dkiiërhjts pr`ghssus ër`skis g`jg`lktfjts ht

kjdukts pfr dhs pr`ghssus trïs dkiiërhjts.

D‛fb`rd ujh pfnë`-ër`sk`j anfgkfkrh fu jkvhfu dh nf ]`kjth J`krh dh ]`rlhjfz ht du nfg dh

]`rlhjfz.

Hjsukth uj poëj`lïjh d‛ër`sk`j dkiiërhjtkhnnh sur nh shgthur du rfvkj du Wùfy kjdukt pfr dhs

lùvhlhjts thgt`jkquhs.

Hjikj Dhs pr`ghssus d‛ëbùnksftk`js, d‛ëbùnhlhjts ht dh anksshlhjts dh thrrfkj fu jkvhfu du

Dër`go`kr g`jsëquhjgh dkrhgt dh nf dkspfrktk`j dh n‛fjgkhj anfgkhr dh n‛Frvh fkjsk quh dhs pr`ghssus

dh aënkirfgtk`j, dh rfvkjhlhjt ht dh dkss`nutk`j.

G‛hst uj shgthur fux pfysfahs vfrkës, quk f bhfugùp ëv`nuë fu gùrs du thlps ht quk g`jtkjuh dh sh

trfjsi`rlhr.

G‛hst ujh prhuvh dkrhgth dh nf nutth hjtrh nf thgt`jkquh quk ënïvh dhs l`jtfajhs ht n‛ër`sk`j quk

rfb`th ghs dhrjkïrhs.



;

Bkbnkàrfpokh

Ah`n-fnp. UHj nkajh\. L.Akd`j, 1 j`vhlbrh 2==? Ug`jsuntë nh 6 `gt`brh 2==;\. Dksp`jkbnh sur

ottp3//www.ah`n-fnp.g`l/gofbnfks/PnkhuxPskxt/ikz.otln

Qkekpëdkf. UHj nkajh\. Qkeklhdkf iùjdftk`j, shpthlbrh 2==; Ug`jsuntë nh 6 `gt`brh 2==;\.

Dksp`jkbnh sur ottp3//ir.wkekphdkf.`ra/wkek/]fssyP%2?Ofuth-Wfv`kh%2;#IfktsPokst`rkquhs

Frvh rfjd`jjëh. UHj nkajh\. Cfgquhs Jkg`nh, Ug`jsuntë nh 6 `gt`brh 2==;\. Dksp`jkbnh sur

ottp3//frvh.rfjd`jjhhs.irhh.ir/pfahs/nPhii`jdrhlhjtPduPdhr`go`krpfa.otln

BRAL. UHj nkajh\. BRAL, 2==? Ug`jsuntë nh 7 `gt`brh 2==;\. Dksp`jkbnh sur

ottp3//kji`thrrh.bral.ir/vkhwhr/LfkjTknhI`rwfrd.d`

Fsthr . ]nfj dh ahstk`j 2=6=-2=6; dh nf rëshrvh jfturhnnh dh ]fssy. Hdkthur kjg`jju, iëvrkhr 2==;.

Whgtk`j F.2.6 Aë`nàkh, aë`l`rpo`nàkh, p77-71.

etude géomorphologie de la zone plaine-joux, anterne, pormenaz

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