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GIO N VI SINH VT
TRNG H KHOA HC
KHOA KHOA HC S SNG
GV: Trnh Ngc Hong
Thi Nguyn - 2011
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BI 7. VIRUS
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MTS BNH DO VIRUS
CM
DI
VIMGAN
SI
AIDS UMA
QUAIB
VIMMNGNO
VIMNONB
BILIT
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Lcsnghincu virus
Hnhthi,cutrcca virus
Ccphngthc sinh sn virus
Ccnhm virus chnh4
1
2
3
Ni dung
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I. LC S NGHIN CU VIRUS
Ch c vacine phngdi t no ch
L. Pasteur1882
Phthin ra virus vi khun: phage
W. Twort1915
Ivanowsky
1892
-1918
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I. LCS
Pht hin ra virus vim no Nht bn
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1934-38
Tmra virus cm H2N2
-1954
Stanley
1935
-1958
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Virus Ebola c m t ln u
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1976
Bngpht dch Sar: vim ng h hp cp
-2003
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1983
-2004
I. LCS
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NHNGHA
Virus lmt sinh vt phi tbo, siuhin vi, chcha 1 loiaxit nucleic. Chngk{ sinh btbuc trong tbosng, davoshiptrcahthng trao ichtcavtchmsao chp axit nucleic, tng hp cc thnh phn nhprotein sau tinhnh lpni sinh sn; trong iukinngoicthchngcthtntiluditrngthii phn t ha hc khng sng v c trng thi truynnhim
GS. Chu cKhnhHPhcn, Trung Quc
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- Chaccutotbo
CIM
- Vtcht di truynl DNA/ RNA
- Kchthccckznhb - lt qua mnglc vi khun(ch quan stcdi KHV int )
- Virus bt buc phi sng k{ sinh trong t bo sng, lyu t gy nhim bt buc trong t bo ch , (khng
c c quan to nng lng (ATP), khng c tt ccc loi enim t nhn ln duy tr chu kz sng)
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II. HNH THI V CU TRC
CA VIRUS
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- Rtnhb, lt qua mnglc vi khun
1. KCH THC
Loi virus Kchthc trung bnh (nm)Virus ARN 20 - 300
Virus ADN 18 - 300
Phage 10 - 150
- Ch quan stcdi KHV int (c nm)
+ Virus umackchthclnnht (250nm ???) vvirus nhnhtl virus thuch Picornaviridae, ckchthckhong 10-20nm.
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1. KCH THC
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- Virus hon chnh (virion) = (RNA/DNA) + v protein(capside)
2. HNH THI
- Hnhthica virus do v capside hocvngoiquytnh
+ Mtsloi virus cthmvngoi
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Khi
Que
cbit
Cu
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Virus gybnh cho thcvtnh (virus
mthuc , khoai ty) Hnh que di
2. HNH THI
i xng xon
Gn ging hnh cu Phn ln l virus ng vt.
Virus ca vi khun (phage)
Kch thc 10 150 nmi xng phc tp
i xng 20 mt
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Mt s dng hnh thi ca virus
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- Capsid ccutotccnvhnhthi(VHT)gilcapsome
3. CU TRC V CAPSID
- Capsid ckhnngchunhit, pH vccyutngoi
cnhnnnhmbovli axit nucleic.
- Trn mt capsid cha cc gai glycoprotein hoc
lipoprotein lccththchiugip cho virusbmvo
ccththchiutrnbmttbovtch.
- Cutrcinhnhcu virus: ixng
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3.1 Cutrcixngxon
- Sdvirus ccu trcdngny do cc capsome spxp theo chiuxonca axit nucleic.
- Cutrcxon lm cho virut thngcdnghnh quehay hnhsi. inhnhlcc virut mthucl (TMV),
di (rhabdo), quai b, si (paramyxo), cm (orthomyxo)
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TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)
+ TMV cdnghnhngrngngknh 15nm, di 300nm do ccutrci xng xon tr. Trong 95% lProtein, 5% l ARN xonc.
+ Thnhng bao gm 2600 VHTcutotmtloi protein duy nhthnhchicgiy,cha 158 axit amin, ghpixngvi nhau thnhnhiuvngxon, gn thnh hnhng di. Tonbngc 162 vngxon.
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+ Trong 6000 nucleic trnphnt ARN ca TMV chc474 nucleic lmho cho qutrnhtov capsit can.
+ Axit nucleic ca TMV lmtsi ARN 1 mchchim5% trng lnght,un theo chiuxonca capsid,gnvo 2/3 chiudibn trong ca capsid.
TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)
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TMV (Tobaco mosaic virus)
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TMV.
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Cu tophng to ca virus TMV lmbnlintngtihnhnhg ???
Cuhi ?
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TMV chng ?
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3.2 Cutrcixngkhi
- Nhiuloi virut nhn qua cdnghnhcu nh: Adeno,Polio, Picorna, Herpesnhng quan st di KHV int cho thyv protein capsid cachngccutrchnhkhi a din, thng l cc hnh khi 20 mt u(Icosahedron).
- Cutrc Icosahedron lmthnhkhiadin 20 mttam gicu: 5 mtnh, 5 mty, 10 mtgia,cc tam gicu nhau vixng,cthspxp theobtkzhngno. Icosahedron phctpcvbc baongoivicc gai nhtrnbmt.
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Icosahedron
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Adenovirus
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- cc VR ksinh trn VK (phage), chngchnhnngnc
vi hai kiuixngphctp. Trong cc phage ksinh trnE.coli th phage T2 v T4 cnghincutmnht.
3.3 Cutrcphctp
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Hai kiu i xng ca phage T2 l g ?
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- T2 hnh nng nc, u di 100nm, u bng ui,uhnhlclngngknh 65nm, bn trong l DNA2 mchcunlithnhbi.
- ui c cu trc phc tp di 120nm, ng knh
25nm, bn trong ltruihnhngngknh 15nm,cngnh kim tim,dngphvtboca VK ch.Bnngoitrui l protein ccutrcixngxontr nh TMV, ckhnng co dn,ccutot 24vngxon bao quanh trc ui,mi vngxon cha 6
VHTcutot 144 phnt protein cng 1loi.
Phage T2
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4. V NGOI (ENVELOPE)
- Cu trc xon, khi, phc tp ca VR c th dngtrnhocclpmng bao bcbnngoi capsid
- Vngoicngungctmng sinh cht (HIV) hocmng nhn (Herpes), hoc t Golgi (Pox virus) ca tbochc virus cun theo khi nychi.
+ lipoprotein v cc gai nh ca n xuyn ra t lp
protein qua lpmng lipopotein
- Bn cht ca v ngoi
+ glicoprotein cha cc th th hoc enzim ca ccvirus ,va lkhngnguyn,bov li axit nucleicca virus v gip chng bm vo mng t bo ch
(thnggp VR V).
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- Ditcdngcamtsyut nh dung mihotan lipit, enzimvngoibbintnhv virus c thkhngcnkhnnglynhim.
- V ngoi c tc dng lmn nh cu trc ca htvirus.
V NGOI
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- Axit nucleic ca virus cthlsi DNA/ RNA
5. CU TRC AXIT NUCLEIC
- Sin (ss) hockp (ds)
- Mchthnghocvng,cutrclintchoctthnhnhiuonringr.
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DNA strand
*) Chuin - ss DNA+) sithng ss DNA
+) vng ss DNA
Vd: Parvoviridae
Vd: phage X 174, M13 caE. coli
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*) Chuikp - ds DNA+) si ds DNA
+) vng ds DNA
Vd: Adenovirus, Herpes virus
Vd: phage caE. coli,Papovaviridae
Pox virus
DNA strand
- Thngckchthclnnht trong cc virus
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RNA strand
*) Chuin - ss RNA
*) Chuikp - ds RNA
Vd: Reoviridae
Vd: Picornaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae,
rhabdoviridae, Retroviridae, TMV
- Chim hu ht cc h virus chnh
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III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN CA VIRUS
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III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN
Vt ch ca virus
- ng vt
- Thc vt
- Vi khun
- Khc: nm, VNS
*) Vi cc vt ch khc nhau, virus c phng thcsinh snkhc nhau
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Virus chcthnhnln trong tbocmth(tbobvirus xm nhp), nh hot ng ca t bo m virusthchinstnghpccthnhphntothnhcchtvirus mi.
III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN
Tonbqutrnhnhn lnca virus chia ra lm 5 giaion
Qutrnhnhnlnbtutlc virus hpphlnbmtcatbo cho nlc virus trngthnh chui rakhitbo.
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5 giai on:
1. Hpph 2. Xmnhp 3. Sao chp 4. Thnhthc 5. Phngthch
- Sao chp axit nucleic + tnghp protein VirionSinh snca virus:
III. CC PHNG THC SINH SN
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Phage cycle
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- Viias virus: Cctbomc ra chngi baovy ly virus, ri khp li, a virus vo bn trong tbo theo kiuampbtmi,ngi ta gihin tng
nylmbo. Sau khi virus votbo, virus khngtlt v c m phi nh t bo tit ra enzymdecapsidae cibv capsit ca virus v axit nucleicca virus cgiiphngkhi virus.
Giaion 2. Giaionxmnhp
Virus xmnhpvotbo theo 2 cch:
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- i vi thc khun th. Vi phage T (ca vi khunE.coli) sau khi uica phage hpthlnbmtcatbo,chngtit ra cht lyzozim lm tan mngtbo vikhun, sau di tc dng ca adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP) ui phage co li v tr chc
thng mng nguyn sinh cht ca t bo, axit nucleicc bm vo trong t bo theo trng, cn phnprotein vbcthnmbnngoimngtbovkhngtham gia voqutrnhtitoht virus mi.
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Ngay sau khi virus xmnhpvo trong tbovtch,stnghp protein, ADN hoc ARN ctrngcatbo,ngay lptcb virus nhchgnnhhonton,v thay
vo lqutrnh sinh tnghpccthnhphnringca virus, do virus iuhactinhnh. y l giaion phc tp nht ca qu trnh nhn ln ca virus,phthucvoloi axit nucleic ca virus vktqucuicngltnghpc axit nucleic vccthnhphn
protein cutrckhc nhau ca virus.
Giaion 3. Giaiontnghpccthnhphnca virus
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RNA ca virus ng thi l mRNA tnghp nn RNApolymerase v ARN mica virus.
- Virus c axit nucleic l DNA ds
+ T khun mu DNA ca virus tng hp nn mRNAphcv cho vic tnghpnn enzim DNA polymerasevnguynliu DNA mi.+ T DNA mictnghp, mRNA ctnghptonn protein capsit vcc thnhphncu trckhc
ca virus.
- Virus c axit nucleic l RNA mtsidng
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Enzyme sao chp ngc l DNA polymerase phthuc vo ARN hay cn gi l reverse transcriptase
(RT).T RNA ca virus tnghpnn DNA trung gian, DNAnytchhpvo NST catbovtch. DNA trunggian lkhunmutnghpnn ARN virus vy
cng l mRNA tng hp nn cc thnhphn cutrckhcca virus.
- Virus c axit nucleic l RNA nhngc enzim sao chp
ngc
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Giai onlprpccthnhphn virus nythngxy ragnmngtbo, axit nucleic v protein ctnghpccnikhc nhau trong tbo,chngcchuyndchli gn nhau v kt hp vi nhau to thnh virus honchnh.Nh enzyme cu trc ca virus hoc enzim ca t bocmthgip cho ccthnhphncutrcmica virusc lp rp theo khun mu ca virus gy bnh tothnhnhng virus mi.
Giaion 4. Giaionlprpccthnhphn virus
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Vi virus dngtrn(c axit nucleic v capsit): ccphntprotein va chm vi nhau to thnh mt vng cungprotein capsit bao quanh axit nucleic. Cng mt lc chngtrm,hngngn,hngvn virus c lprp theokiuny.
Vi virus dngv(c axit nucleic, capsit vvngoi): cnglp rp ging nh trn, nhng v ngoi ca virus khngphi do sinh tng hp to thnh m l do mng t bocht ca vt ch b virus bin i to thnh v ca
virus.
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Giaion 5. Giaiongiiphng virus ra khitbo
Sau khi clprphonchnh,hocccthnhphncbn, virus chunbgiiphngkhitbo. C 3 cchgiiphng virus
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Tbonhim virus bn tung v virus cgiiphng
t vi s lng ln, sau tip tc gy nhim t bolnh. Cch:+ Virus cthphvvchtbo sau vigi cho tivingy,ty theo chu kznhnlncatngloi virus gii
phng hng lot virus ra khi t bo gy nhim vtiptcmt chu kznhnlnmi trong tbocmth.
Cchgiiphngt
+ Ditcdngca enzim, vchtbobphv,b tanr hon ton v cc virus t cng lc chui ra khi t
botiptcxmnhpvotbolnh.+ Sau qu trnh nhn ln s lng virus sn sinh ranhiu gy p lc ln vch t bo, v do phi chu mtsctiquln,nnvchtbobphvv virus ng
lot chui ra khitbo.
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M hnh c ch xm nhim v nhn ln ca virus cm A t bo ch
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Thngxy ra ivimts virus cvbcngoicng.Trong tbonhim,ccthnhphnca virus mitnghp c chuyn v gn mng tbo v lp rp li dngtrnnhngchacvbc. Mngtbotinib virus cmngbini,cbitcgn ccthnh
phn protein v ca virus vo. Mng t bo li ra vvirus c bc vo, cui cng ton b virus b dt rakhibmttbov virus cgiiphng.
Cchgiiphngtt theo linychi
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Mtsloi virus cncthtruynttbonhim sangtbo lnhmkhngcn chui ra mitrngbnngoi.Giatbobnhimvtbolnhxuthinnhngcuninguyn sinh cht,ccht virus cthtruyn qua cccuninynhchy trongngdnmkhng chui ra khi
tbo.
Cchgiiphng qua cunitbotbo
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IV. CC NHM VIRUS GY BNH CHNH
PHN LOI1. Theo vtchca virus
2. Theo genom
3. Theo mcgybnhvtnhchtgybnh
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Vt ch virus
ng vt
Vi khun
Thc vt
Nm
1. Phnloi heo vtchca virus
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2. Phnloi virus theo theo genom
.
Nhm idin GenomeNhm 1 Herpesvirus, Poxvirus, Adenovirus, Papovavirus DNA Nhm 2 Parvovirus DNA+Nhm 3 Reovirus RNA Nhm 4 Picornavirus, Togavirus RNA+Nhm 5 Rabdovirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus,
Arenavirus RNA -Nhm 6 Retrovirus RNA+
(*)
(*) Nh enzyme phinmngcchuyn RNA+ thnh DNA
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3. Phnloi virus theo mcvtnhchtgybnh
Gm 6 nhm1). Poxvirus
2). Herpesvirus
3). Adenovirus
4). Myxovirus
5). Arbovirus
6). Picornavirus/ Nanivirus
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1) Poxvirus
*) cim
- Kchthcln 300 nm 400nm
- Xmnhpvocth qua tuynncbt- Gy tn thng cc vng dida
*) idin: virus umaVariola maiorvVariola minor
- Genome l ds DNA
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2) Herpesvirus
*) cim
- Kchthc 150 250nm
- Gynhngbnhmnrp quanh ming
- Genome l ds DNA
- Cutrcixng 20 mt
*) idin: Herpes simplex (Herpes hominis),H. varicellacea
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3) Adenovirus
*) cim
- Vtch: ngi,kh,b,g
- Genome l ss DNA xon
- Khng ete
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4) Myxovirus
*) cim
- Kchthc: 80 150 nm
- Genome l RNA
- mncmvi ete*) i din: Myxovirus newcastb; Myxovirus influenza(H1N1, H2N2), Paramyxovirus, Rhabdovirus
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5) Arbovirus (Arthropod born virus)
*) cim
- Kchthc: 15 40 nm
- Ly sang ngitcntrng
- Bnhthnggp: vimnoNhtBn,vimnonga
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6) Picornavirus (Nanivirus)
*) cim
- Kchthc: 15 30 nm
- Khngmncmvi ete*) idin: Poliovirus hominis gybilittr em
- Genome: RNA
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MT S VIRUS GY BNH THNG GP KHC
- Hepatitis B virus
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Chu trnhnhnlnca Hepatitis virus
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- HIV
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Cutoca HIV
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Chu kznhnlnca HIV
Chu kznhnlnca HIV
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*) Virus v ung th
*) Viroid v Prion
CC VN C LIN QUAN N VIRUS
*) IFN
*) Ccloithucchng virus