introduction sur l'open source

Etienne JULIOT etienne.juliot@obeo.fr

Conférence à l'Ecole des Mines de Nantes, le 03/01/2011

Summary

Definitions

Projects

Licenses

Business Models

Qu'est-ce qu'un logiciel libre ?

1 . Libe rt d 'é utilis e r le logicie lpour tous le s u sage s

2. Libe rt d 'é tud ie r é le logicie ld onc acc s au cod e sourceè

3. Libe rt d e é cop ie r le logicie ly com pris pour ve nd re le s cop ie s

4. Libe rt d e é m od ifie r le logicie l e t

d e le re d is tribue r

And in practical terms?

Open source means:The source code is available to the end-user The source code can be modified by the end-user The licensing conditions promote re-use and wide availability of the software The cost of acquisition to the end-user is often minimal

Open source software is not the same as free software but there is a large overlap

``Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement.'’

The Free software Foundation maintains a Free Software Definition (www.fsf.org)

What about the word « free »?

Free as in “freedom”

This usually implies “free as in free beer”

Questions

Does the binary need to be available?

Is it allowed for an editor to sell a free software and not provide a free access to the binary and the source code?

Do I always need to redistribute my modification?

What about intellectual property and copyright?

So why is it better?

You can use it and modify it freely, for any purpose

You are not tied to any company

Even though you might not be able to modify it, somebody can do it for you

Millions of developers watch the code

When and who

Richard M. Stallman 54 years-old

hacker (noble meaning)

free software activist

software patents destroyer

father of the GNU project (1983)

father of the Free Software Foundation (1985)

father of the Emacs text editor and other basic tools for operating systems

Eric S. Raymond

50 years-old

hacker (noble meaning)

founder of the “Open Source” movement

“The Cathedral and the Bazaar”, 1997

disputed member of the Community

Linus Torvalds

38 years-old

creator of the Linux kernel

self-proclaimed “benevolent dictator” of the Linux kernel development

rarely goes out of his modesty

(but when he does, the entire world knows it!)

Mike Milinkovich

Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation

In charge of the strategy of the foundation

Ecosystem

Relation between members, contributers and users communities

Process

Logiciel libre : chiffres

Tendances Utilisateurs de Linux en entreprise prévus en 2008 : +320% par rapport à

fin 2004 Croissance du marché Linux dans le monde de 2004 à 2006 : +36% 49% des collectivités régionales ou locales françaises ont installé des

logiciels libres 49% des plus grandes entreprises du monde auront une stratégie open

source en 2008

Volumes 35 milliards de dollars : poids du marché mondial des logiciels libres

estimé en 2008 146 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en

2004 450 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en

Projections Plus d’un milliard d’euros en 2008, plus de 2 milliards d’euros à

l’horizon 2010 900 millions d’euros: part du marché des services informatiques

consacrée aux projets de logiciels libres Sources : Gartner, IDC

Summary

Definitions

Projects

Licenses

Business Models

Some exemples

Write text

Operating System

Do some computation

Development tools

FOSS == Linux ?

Fondations and organisations

OPEESTigris

Myths about Free Software

To not overestimatedoverestimated the community

How to contribute?

Infrastructure

CVS, SVN, GIT

Bugzilla, newsgroup, mailing list

Hudson, Portal

Listen the community

Blog, Planet, Twitter

Ask before

Don't re-invent the wheel, improve it!

Find the process!

Organisation de la Fondation

Contributors

Commiters

Councils: Architecture, Requirement, Planning

Board of Directors (~10)

Staff (~10)

Summary

Definitions

Projects

Licenses

Business Models

Some licenses

Permissiveness of FOSS licenses

Exercise

My project « MyExpense » contains source code which depends to

A GPL project

A BSD project

A LGPL project

Which licence can I use for my project?

Is there any difference if I am a company or an individual?

Is there any difference if it's for internal use or not?

Summary

Definitions

Projects

Licenses

Business Models

Extracts from Fabernovel paper

Four business models can be identified

The service model takes two forms

The services offered are of different types

The value added distribution model consists in selling a standard version of an existing product

This model offers a triple client value

The double licence model relies on a « discrimination » of the users

A variant of this model: the commercialization of an associated product

The «mutualization» model rests on the successive development of several modules…

… and generally results in the creation of a community of clients

Exemple: Opees Workflow

OPEES Actors and Processes

Synthesis of the different business models

Usecase: Distribution

Usecase: Server

Usecase: Web

Usecase: Major editor

Usecase: Vertical tool

Usecase: DB

Usecase: compiler

Usecase: MD tooling

Specific VS GenericSpecific VS Generic

Business Logic

Specific

Infrastructure

Business Logic

Generic

Infrastructure

Specialisation

(generation, transformati

on, designers, ...)

InteroperabilityBetter qualityMore tooling

Specific

Infrastructure

OpenSource isn’t a bisounours worldOpenSource isn’t a bisounours world

Bisounours processBisounours process

Labos SME

BigCompanies

Substrate:open

source

I have a bug

I reference it in OSS bugtracker

I have nothing to do today: I will fix it …

Hope !

This isn’t our job

OPEES ProcessOPEES Process

Labos SME

BigCompanies

Substrate:open

source

I have a bug

I reference it in contracted bugtracker

Support subcontractor makes the fix

I subscribe an OSS contract support

through Opees

Bisounours processBisounours process

Labos SME

BigCompanies

Substrate:open

sourceIs it interesting for SME?

I do papers and prototypes

Hope !

Is it interesting for customers?

Hope !

ROI ?Investissment ?

OPEES ProcessOPEES Process

Labos SME

BigCompanies

Substrate:open

source

I want a new long term feature

Is it interested for SME?

Is there a new research interest ?

I do papers and prototypes

YesReuse/ remake

Business Model for ObeoBusiness Model for Obeo

Services

Trainings

Support

Partnership

On Demand

Products

Traceability feature

Included inside Obeo Designer

Included inside Obeo Agility (for Cartography)

Exemple: how to create designers?

ArchitectureArchitecture

Technologie Charge Profile demandé

GEF + EMF 90 j Développeur Eclipse et ergonome

GMF Tooling 30 j Expert GMF

Obeo Designer 5 j Concepteur

Choose:

Business Models

Do everything by yourself

You want to be independant

Training

Support

Expertise

You want to subcontrat

Forfait

Integrated Projet

You wan to use a ready to use packaging

Licenses + Maintenance

ATL Research / ATL ProATL Research / ATL Pro

ATL Research ATL Pro

SupportServices

Evolution on demandTraining

1Idea 2

Evaluation

3industrialisation

4Support

OSONS !

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