cours uni 4 - la genetique de population
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8/13/2019 Cours Uni 4 - La Genetique de Population
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3
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15
I
1La population
1
2Le pool gntique
1.2
Le pool ggntique
2.2
:
2
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[A]11=[A]n[a]3=[a]nf([A]) = n([A])/N = 11/14 = 0,785
f([a]) = n([a])/N = 3/14 = 0,215
AA6=n(AA)Aa5=n(Aa)aa3=n(aa)
f(AA) = D = n(AA)/N = 6/14 = 0,428
f(Aa) = H = n(Aa)/N = 5/14 = 0,357
f(aa) = R = n(aa)/N = 3/14 = 0,215
D+H+R = 0,428 + 0,357 + 0,215 = 1
3 1 aA3
A
f(A) = p
f(A) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(AA))/2N = n(Aa)/2N + 2n(AA)/2N
= ( n(Aa)/N) /2 + n(AA)/N
q = H /2 + D
p = 0,357/2 + 0,428 = 0,621
a
f(a) = q
f(a) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(aa))/2N = n(Aa)/2N + 2n(aa)/2N
=( n(Aa)/N)/2 + n(aa)/N
P = H/2 + R
p = 0,357/2 + 0,215= 0,378
p+q = H/2 + D + H/2 + R = D + H + R = 1
3Hardy-Weinberg
1.3H-W
4
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2.3H-W
H-WG1
(N) aA G0: Af(A) = p af(a) = q f(AA)=Df(Aa)=Hf(aa)=R
G0
5
G1
f(AA) = p2
f(Aa) = 2pq
f(aa) = q2
f(AA) + f(Aa) + f(aa) = p2+ 2pq +q
2= (p+q)
2= 1
G1
A= p(p+q)+ 2pq/2p2
=f(AA) + 1/2 f(Aa)f(A) =
p + q = 1f(A) = p
a= q(q+p)+ 2pq/2q2=f(aa) + 1/2 f(Aa)f(a) =
p + q = 1f(a) = q
H-W
(p + q)2
pq
f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p2
f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq
f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q2
4
6
p = q = 0,5f(aa) = 1/4 = 0,25 f(Aa) = 2/4 = 0, 5 f(AA) = 1/4 = 0,25
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IIH-W
1X2
2
7
f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p2
n[AA] = N x p2
f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq n[Aa] = N x 2pq
f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q2
n[aa] = N x q2
2H-W
1.2
Shorthorn
Shorthorn342RR423
R'R144R'R'
1
2
3
8
1RRRRRR
N342 + 423 + 144 = 909N =
f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 342/909 = 0,376 f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 423/909 = 0,465
f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 144/909 = 0,158
+ 0,456/2 = 0,604f(R) = p = f(RR) + f(RR)/2 = 0,376
+ 0,456/2 = 0,396f(R)= q = f(RR) + f(RR)/2 = 0,158
2X2
nn
n(RR) = 342 , n(RR) = 432 , n(RR) = 144
n'(RR) = p2xN = 0,604
2x909 = 331 , n(RR) = 2pqxN = 0,604x0,396x909 = 434 , n(RR) = q
2xN = 0,396
2x909 = 142
= (342331)2/331 + (423434)
2/434 + (144142)
2/142
X2
= 0,325 + 0,278 + 0,028 = 0,631
X2
3,841
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8/13/2019 Cours Uni 4 - La Genetique de Population
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2.2
1
Rhsus
RhDd
DRh+ ][
d[ Rh-]
1976400230[Rh+]
1
2(D//d)
9
1
dq
[ Rh-]170d//d
f(dd) = n(dd)/N = 170/400 = 0,425
f(dd) = q2= 0,425
q = 0,425 = 0,652
Dp
p + q = 1p = 1qp= 10,652 = 0,348
2D//d
H-Wf(Dd) = 2pq = 2x0,652x0,348 = 0,453
D//dn(Dd)f(Dd) = n(Dd)/Nn(Dd) = f(Dd) x N = 0,453 x 400 = 181
2
10
1m+//
m
-m
+//m
+
m+
2f(m-m
-)
f(m-m
-) = n(m
-m
-)/N = 1/ 3000
f(m-m
-) = 0,00033
3m+//
m
-
H-W= 0,00033q2
f(m-m
-) =f(m
-) = q = 0,00033 = 0,018
f(m+) = p = 1 q = 1 0,018 = 0,982
f(m+m-) = 2 pq = 2x0,018x0,982 = 0,035
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3H-W
X
S
H-W
SpqG0
1G0+1
X Y
Xw (q)X
s (p)Y
Xw (q)X
wX
w (q
2)X
sX
w (pq)X
wY (q)
Xs (p)X
sX
w (pq)X
sX
s (p
2)X
sY (p)
2H/W
3
11
1(G0+1)
f (XSY) = pf(X
wY) = q
f (XsX
s) = p
2f(X
wX
w) = q
2f (X
SX
w) = 2pq
2
A
f(XAY) = p
p2+ 2pqf(X
AX
A) + f(X
AX
a) =
a
f(XaY) = q
q2f(XaXa) =
q
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2.1
13
10-9
10-4
2La slection naturelle
1.2
2.2
14
:1
................................................. :2
................................................
15
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3.2
16
g19681928f(g) =
0,05Gf(G) = 0,95
4 2
17
:
n(phnotypG1)/n(phnotypG0)
3La drive gntique
1 3
18
f[A]=0
f[a]=1
f[A]=0,2
f[a]=0,8
f[A]=0,9
f[a]=0,1
f[A]=1
f[a]=0
f[A]=0,5
f[a]=0,5
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AOO
A(40%)
2 3
19
a
a1f(a)=1a
3aa
4Les migrations
1 4
20
R0
2 4
21
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8/13/2019 Cours Uni 4 - La Genetique de Population
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(m)
m = n/(n + N)
n
N
A
f(A) = p = (1m)p + mp0
m
pAp0A
f(A) = p = (10,33)x0,28 + 0,33x0,67
p = 0,41
af(a) = q = 1p = 10,41 = 0,59
Aa
22
a
a
IVEspce1
1 1
22
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8/13/2019 Cours Uni 4 - La Genetique de Population
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2 1Physiologie
3 1Gntique
ADNADN
23
Lactose D.
2
H-W
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