b prs 24 training
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Brief Psychiatric
Rating Scale Training
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Why Is Training and Certification Important?
Valid Use of Scales
Are raters using the same definitions of items and are they
applying them correctly?
Inter-Rater Reliability
Do different raters score similar consumers uniformly across
multiple settings, sites and organizations?
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Training for Trainers: Objectives
Have basic familiarity with the history and uses of the BPRS
Be able to complete the BPRS after usual patient interview
Utilize anchor points to reliably assess psychiatric symptoms
Have practice using the BPRS with 3 videotaped interviews
and de-briefing sessions Accurately rate 1 client after watching videotaped interview
Know basic process for sending completed BPRS forms andreceiving reports
Be prepared to train raters Be aware of the services provided by RDMC and how to gethelp when questions or problems arise
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Training for Raters: Objectives
Have basic familiarity with the history and uses of the BPRS
Be able to complete the BPRS after usual patient interview
Utilize anchor points to reliably assess psychiatric symptoms
Have practice using the BPRS with 3 videotaped interviewsand de-briefing sessions
Accurately rate 1 client after watching videotaped interview
Know basic process for sending completed BPRS forms and
receiving reports
Be aware of the services provided by RDMC and how to get
help when questions or problems arise
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Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale:
Introduction
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has beenin use since 1962 for rating patient behaviors andsymptoms
Developed by Overall and Gorham, it is probably themost widely used rating scale in Psychiatry
The BPRS is comprised of 24 items that can be ratedfrom not present (1) to extremely severe (7)
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1. Somatic Concern
2. Anxiety
3. Depression
4. Suicidality5. Guilt
6. Hostility
7. Elevated Mood
8. Grandiosity
9. Suspiciousness
10. Hallucinations
11. Unusual Thought Content
12. Bizarre Behavior
13. Self-Neglect
14. Disorientation
15. Conceptual Disorganization
16. Blunted Affect17. Emotional Withdrawal
18. Motor Retardation
19. Tension
20. Uncooperativeness
21. Excitement
22. Distractibility
23. Motor Hyperactivity
24. Mannerisms and Posturing
BPRS: Items Rated (24 item version)
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A total pathology score can be obtained by adding
the scores from each item and sub-scores can be
derived by adding scores on specific items together
BPRS: Scoring
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1) Thinking Disturbance: 3) Hostile/Suspiciousness:
Conceptual Disorganization Hostility
Hallucinatory Behavior Suspiciousness
Unusual Thought Content Uncooperativeness
2) Withdrawal/Retardation: 4) Anxious/Depression:
Emotional Withdrawal Anxiety
Motor Retardation Guilt Feelings
Blunted Affect Depressive Mood
(See Hedlung and Vieweg, 1980)
BPRS: Scoring
A total pathology score can be obtained by adding thescores from each item and sub-scores can be derived byadding scores on specific items together
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Evaluate patients on the basis of symptoms theyve
had in a specified time frame
Rate according to the following criteria:
Is the symptom present
How frequently does it occur
What is the degree of impairment
BPRS: General Guidelines
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Do not compare the client to other clients with the
same diagnosis
Rate the client only on the basis of your observations,
the clients self-report, and, for some items,
information obtained from collateral sources
If unsure on particular rating, always rate up
BPRS: General Guidelines (contd)
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BPRS: Definitions and
Anchors Definitions
Are operational
Are precise enough to be rated accuratelyand consistently
Promote high inter-rater reliability
Anchors
Provide basis for assigning severity
Enhance inter-rater reliability
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1: Not present - denies physical
symptoms
2: Very mild - occasional physical
complaints that tend to be kept
to self
3: Mild - occasional concerns that
the client tends to express to
others, e.g. family members or
physician
4: Moderate - some preoccupation
with somatic concerns with noimpairment in functioning
5. Moderately severe - somepreoccupation with somaticconcerns with moderateimpairment in functioning notdelusional
6: Severe - preoccupation withsomatic concerns with muchimpairment in functioning orsomatic delusions that the clientdoes not act on
7: Very severe - preoccupationwith somatic concerns withsevere impairment infunctioning or somatic delusionsthat tend to be acted on
BPRS: Somatic Concern
Degree of concern over present bodily health
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Suggested Questions: Somatic
Concern
Have you been concerned about your
physical health?
What does the doctor say is wrong?
Have your concerns interfered with
your ability to perform your usual
activities or work?
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BPRS: Anxiety
1: Not present - denies any
symptoms
2: Very mild - reports some
discomfort due to worry3: Mild - worried frequently but
can readily pay attention to
other things
4: Moderate - worried most of
the time and cannot payattention to other things with
no impairment in functioning
5: Moderately severe - frequent(not daily) periods of anxietyor some areas of functioningdisrupted by worry
6: Severe - anxiety daily orpersisting throughout the dayor many areas of functioningdisrupted by anxiety or worry
7: Very severe - anxiety
persisting throughout theday or most areas offunctioning are disrupted byanxiety or constant worry
Worry, fear, or over concern for present or future
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Suggested Questions: Anxiety
Have you been worried a lot during the pastweek?
Have you been nervous or apprehensive?
How much of the time have you been worriedor anxious during the past week?
Has it interfered with you ability to perform your
usual work or activates?
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Note: Anxiety
Rate only on the basis of the clients self-
report of worry or fear.
Do not rate according to your observations ofany physical signs of nervousness, they are
rated under Tension.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - occasionally feels
sad, unhappy or depressed
3: Mild - frequently feels sad orunhappy, readily turn
attention to other things
4: Moderate - frequent periods
of feeling very sad, unhappy
or moderately depressed; isable to function with extra
effort
5: Moderately severe -frequent, but not daily,periods of daily depression;some areas of functioning
are disrupted by depression6: Severe - deeply depressed
daily; many areas offunctioning are disrupted bydepression
7: Extremely severe - deeplydepressed daily; most areasof functioning are disruptedby depression
BPRS: Depressive Mood
Despondency in mood, sadness
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Suggested Questions: Depressive
Mood
How has your mood been lately?
Have you felt depressed?
How long do these feelings last? Have these feelings interfered with you
ability to perform your usual activities or
work?
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Note: Depressive Mood
Rate on the basis of expression of
depression, hopelessness, loss of self-
esteem, pessimism, helplessness,preoccupation with depressing topics.
Do not rate on the basis of motor retardation,
guilt, or somatic complaints.
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BPRS: Suicidality
1. Not Present
2. Very mild occasional
feelings of being tired of
living, no avert suicidalthoughts
3. Mild occasional suicidal
thoughts without intent or
specific plan, feels would
be better off dead4. Moderate suicidal
thoughts frequent but
without intent or plan
5. Moderately severefantasies of suicide byvarious methods, considersattempting with specific
time or plan6. Severe clearly wants to
kill self, needs anappropriate means andtime, serious suicideattempt knowing rescue
possible7. Extremely severe specific
suicidal plan and intent,suicide attempt patientthought was lethal or insecluded environment
Expressed desire, intent or actions to harm or kill self
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Suggested Questions: Suicidality
Initial Have you felt that life wasnt worth living?
Have you thought about harming or killing yourself?
Have you felt tired of living or as though you would be better off
dead?
Have you ever felt like ending it all?
Follow-up How often have you thought about ?
Did you (do you) have a specific plan?
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1: Denies guilt feelings
2: Very mild - concerned abouthaving failed someone or atsomething but is notpreoccupied. Can shift thoughts
to other matters easily3: Mild - concerned about having
failed someone or at somethingwith some preoccupation, tendsto voice guilt to others
4: Moderate - disproportionate
preoccupation with guilt, havingdone wrong, injured others bydoing or failing to do something,but can readily turn attention toother things
5: Moderately severe -
preoccupation with guilt, having
failed someone are at
something, can turn attention to
other things but only with great
effort, not delusional
6: Severe - delusional guilt or
unreasonable self-reproach,
very out of proportion to
circumstances
7: Extremely severe - delusionalguilt or unreasonable self-
reproach grossly out of
proportion to circumstances
BPRS: Guilt Feelings
Over concern or remorse for past behavior
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Suggested Questions: Guilt Feelings
Is there anything you have said or done thatmade you feel guilty?
Have you been thinking about past
problems? How bad does it make you feel?
How much time do you spend thinkingabout it?
Have you talked to others about your guiltfeelings?
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Note: Guilt Feelings
Rate only the patients statements
Dont infer guilt feelings from depression,
anxiety, or defenses Refers to specific past behaviors which the
patient now believes were wrong
Memories are a source of conscious concern
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - irritable but not
overtly expressed
3: Mild - argumentative orsarcastic
4: Moderate - overtly angry on
several occasions or yelled
at others excessively
5: Moderately severe - hasthreatened, slammed things
around or thrown things
6: Severe - has assaulted
others but no harm likely -
e.g., slapped or pushed
others, or destroyed
property, e.g., knocked over
furniture or broken windows
7: Extremely severe - has
attacked others with definite
possibility of harming them
or actual harm, e.g., assault
with a hammer or weapon
BPRS: Hostility
Animosity, contempt, belligerence, disdain for other
people outside the interview situation
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Suggested Questions: Hostility
How have you been getting along withothers?
Have you been so irritable that you start
fights or shout at people? Have you hit anyone?"
Have you destroyed any property/?
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Note: Hostility
Rate only the patients self-report of feelings
and actions towards others.
Rate hostility towards the interviewer in the
interview on the Uncooperativeness scale.
Do not include incidents of appropriate anger
or obvious self-defense.
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BPRS: Elevated Mood
1. Not present
2. Very mild seems to be
very happy, cheerful
without reason3. Mild some unaccountable
feelings of well-being that
persist
4. Moderate reports some
excessive or unrealisticfeelings of well being
inappropriate to
circumstances
5. Moderately severereports frequent excessiveor unrealistic feelings ofwell-being inappropriate to
circumstances6. Severe reports many
instances of markedelevated mood witheuphoria, mood definitelyelevated almost constantly
7. Extremely severe patientreports being elated orappears almost intoxicated,inappropriate to immediatecircumstances
Pervasive feeling of well being out of proportion to
circumstances
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Suggested Questions: Elevated
MoodInitial
Have you felt so good or high that other people thought that you
were not your normal self?
Have you been feeling cheerful and on top of the world withoutany reason?
Follow-up
Did it seem like more than just feeling good?
How long did it last?
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Note: Elevated Mood
Do not infer elation from increased
activity or from grandiose statementsalone.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - feels great but isrealistic
3: Mild - exaggerated self-opinion beyond abilities andtraining
4: Moderate - inappropriateboastfulness, claims to bebrilliant, insightful or gifted
beyond realistic proportions,but rarely discloses or actson these inflated self-concepts
5: Moderately severe - same as4 but discloses and acts onthese grandiose ideas, notdelusional
6: Severe - delusional, claimsto have special powers likeESP, have millions ofdollars, be Jesus Christ orthe President, patient maynot be very preoccupied
7: Extremely severe -delusional, same as 6, butpatient seems verypreoccupied and disclosesor acts on delusions
BPRS: Grandiosity
Exaggerated self-opinion, conviction of unusual ability
or powers
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Suggested Questions: Grandiosity
Do you have any special powers?
Have you thought you might be
somebody rich or famous?
If yes:
How often have you thought about this?
Have you told anyone about what youve
been thinking? Have you acted on any of these ideas?
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Note: Grandiosity
Rate only the patients statement about
him/herself.
Dont infer grandiosity from the patientsdemeanor.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - seems on guard;reluctant to respond topersonal questions, reportsfeeling overly self-conscious inpublic
3: Mild - describes incidents inwhich others have harmed orwanted to harm him/her thatsounds plausible. Feels othersoccasionally watch, laugh at, orcriticizes him/her in public
4: Moderate - says others aretalking about him/hermaliciously, have negativeintentions or may harm him/her.Beyond the likelihood ofplausibility, but not delusional
5: Moderately severe - same as 4,
but incidents occur frequently
(such as more than once per
week)
6: Severe - delusional, patient
speaks of Mafia plot, the CIA or
FBI, others poisoning his/her
food, persecution by
supernatural
7: Extremely severe - same as 6,
but beliefs are more bizarre andmore preoccupying, patient
tends to disclose or act on
persecutory delusions
BPRS: SuspiciousnessBelief (delusional or otherwise) that others have now or have had in the
past, malicious or discriminatory intent toward the patient
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Suggested Questions:
Suspiciousness
Do you ever feel uncomfortable in public? Is anyone going out of their way to give you a
hard time or trying to hurt you?
Do you feel like youre in any danger?
If patient reports any persecutory ideas ordelusions, ask:
How long have you been concerned about this? Have you told anyone about these experiences?
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Note: Suspiciousness
Rate the degree to which the patient:
Projects blame
Accuses other people or forces of malicious intentor discrimination.
Include persecution by supernatural or other
non human entities, i.e., God or the devil.
Ratings of three or above should also berated under Unusual Thought Content.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - when resting orgoing to sleep, sees visions,hears voices or whispers in theabsence of external stimulation,
no impairment in functioning3: Mild - when in a clear state of
consciousness, hears a voicecalling his/her name, seesformless visual hallucinationsabout 1-2 times per week
4: Moderate - occasional verbal,visual, gustatory, olfactory ortactile hallucinations with nofunctional impairment
5: Moderately severe -
experiences daily hallucinations;
some areas of functioning are
disrupted
6: Severe - experiences verbal or
visual hallucinations several
times per day; many areas of
functioning are disrupted
7: Extremely severe - persistent
verbal or visual hallucinations
throughout the day
BPRS: Hallucinatory BehaviorPerceptions without normal external stimulus
correspondence
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Suggested Questions:
Hallucinatory Behavior
Have you heard people taking to you, or
about you, when theres nobody around?
If yes:
What does the voices (or voices) say?
Do you ever see things others dont see?
Have these experiences interfered with your
ability to perform usual activities or work? How often do they occur?
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Note: Hallucinatory Behavior
Include preoccupation with the content and
experience of hallucinations
Include acting out, e.g. engaging in behavior
due to command hallucinations
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - has ideas of
reference or persecution,
unusual beliefs in psychic
powers, spirits, not strongly heldbeliefs
3: Mild - same as 2, but the degree
of reality distortion is more
severe (i.e. has highly usual
ideas or greater conviction)
4: Moderate - delusion present,
with no preoccupation or
functional impairment, may be
an encapsulated delusion
5: Moderately severe - full
delusion(s) present, with some
preoccupation
6: Severe - full delusion(s)
present, with muchpreoccupation
7: Extremely severe - full
delusion(s) present with almost
total preoccupation
BPRS: Unusual Thought Content
Unusual, odd, bizarre thought content
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Suggested Questions:
Unusual Thought Content Have you been receiving special messages?
Have you seen any reference to yourself on radio or TV or inthe newspaper?
Can anyone read your mind?
Do things like electricity, x-rays, or radio waves affect you?
Are there in any thoughts out into your head that are not yourown?
Have you ever felt like you were under the control of anotherperson or force?
If yes:
How often do you think about these experiences?
Have you ever told anyone about these experiences?
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Note: Unusual Thought Content
Consider the degree of the patients
conviction.
Consider the effect of unusual thoughtcontent on the patients action.
Rate only the unusualnessnot the degree of
organization or disorganization in which the
patient talks about his thought content
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BPRS: Bizarre Behavior
1. Not present
2. Very mild slightly odd or
eccentric public behavior
3. Mild noticeably peculiarpublic behavior
4. Moderate clearly bizarre
behavior that attracts, or
would attract the attention
or concern or others,without corrective
intervention
5. Moderately severeclearly bizarre behaviorthat attracts or wouldattract the attention of
others or the authorities6. Severe bizarre behavior
that attracts attention ofothers and intervention byauthorities
7. Extremely severe seriouscrimes committed in abizarre way that attractsthe attention of others andthe control of authorities
Odd, unusual, or psychotically criminal behaviors
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Suggested Questions: Bizarre
Behavior Have you done anything that has attracted
the attention of others?
Have you done anything that could havegotten you into trouble with the police?
Have you done anything that seemed
unusual or disturbing to others?
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Note: Bizarre Behavior
Include inappropriate sexual behavior
and inappropriate affect.
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BPRS: Self-Neglect
1. Not present
2. Very mild hygiene/
appearance slightly below
usual community standards3. Mild hygiene/
appearance occasionally
below usual community
standards
4. Moderate hygiene/appearance is noticeably
below usual community
standards
5. Moderately severe severalareas of hygiene/ appearancebelow community standardsdrawing criticism and requiringprompting
6. Severe many areas ofhygiene/ appearance arebelow usual communitystandards
7. Extremely severe mostareas of hygiene/ appearance/
nutrition are extremely poorand easily noticed as belowusual community standards,or requires medicalintervention
Hygiene, appearance, or eating behavior below socially acceptable
standards
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Suggested Questions: Self Neglect
How has your grooming been lately?
How often do you change your clothes?
How often do you take showers?
Has anyone (parents/staff) complained
about your grooming or dress?
Do you eat regular meals?
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - seems mildly
confused 1-2 times during
interview, oriented to person,
place and time3: Mild - mildly confused 3-4 times
during the interview, minor
inaccuracies in person, place
and time
4: Moderate - frequently confusedduring interview, may have
difficulty remembering general
information, like who the
President is
5: Moderately severe - markedly
confused during interview, or to
person, place and time, has
difficulty remembering personal
information6: Severe - disoriented to person,
place or time, e.g., cannot give
correct month and year
7: Extremely severe - grossly
disoriented to person, place or
time, e.g., cannot give name or
age
BPRS: Disorientation
Confusion or lack of proper association for person,
place, or time
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Suggested Questions: Disorientation
How old are you?
What is the date (allow 2 days)
What is this place called?
What year were you born?
Who is the president?
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Note: Disorientation
Do not rate if incorrect responses are
due to delusions.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - peculiar use ofwords, or rambling, but thoughtprocesses are comprehensible
3: Mild - thought processes are abit hard to understand or makesense of due to tangentially,circumstantially, or sudden topicshifts.
4: Moderate - thought processesare difficult to understand due totangentially, circumstantially ortopic shifts on many occasions
5. Moderately severe - thought
processes are difficult to
understand most of the time
6. Severe - thought processes are
incomprehensible due to severeimpairments most of the time
7. Extremely severe - thought
processes are
incomprehensible throughout
the interview
BPRS: Conceptual Disorganization
Degree to which thought processes are confused,
disconnected, or disorganized
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Note: Conceptual Disorganization
Look for loose associations, incoherence,
flight of ideas, neologisms, confusion,
irrelevance, unusual chain of association,
tangentially, inconsistency, disjointedness,
blocking, and confabulation.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - emotional range is
slightly subdued or reserved
3: Mild - emotional range is overall
diminished, subdued orreserved. Few spontaneous
and appropriate emotional
responses.
4: Moderate - emotional range is
noticeably diminished. Patientdoesnt show emotion, smile or
react to distressing topics
except infrequently, voice tone
is monotonous
5: Moderately severe - emotional
range very diminished, minimal
expressions of emotion, voice
tone monotonous much of the
time6: Severe - very little emotional
range or expression,
unchanging facial expression,
voice tone is monotonous most
of the time
7: Extremely severe - virtually no
emotional range or expression,
stiff movements, voice
monotonous all of the time
BPRS: Blunted Affect
Reduced emotional tone, apparent lack of normal
feeling or involvement
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BPRS: Emotional Withdrawal
1: Not present - client is completelyengaged with the interviewerthroughout the interview
2: Very mild - occasional failure tomake reciprocal comment;occasionally appears preoccupied;
spontaneously engages withinterviewer most of the time
3: Mild - noticeable failure to makereciprocal comment; appearspreoccupied; responds tointerviewer when approached
4: Moderate - client does not elaborate
on responses; fails to make eyecontact; doesnt seem to care ifinterviewer is listening; may bepreoccupied with psychoticthoughts; emotional contact notpresent for much of the interview
5: Moderately severe - same as 4, but
emotional contact not present for
most of the interview
6: Severe - actively avoids emotional
contact; frequently unresponsive or
responds with yes/no answers
7: Very severe - consistently avoids
emotional contact;
unresponsiveness or answers with
yes/no answers; may leave during
interview
Deficiency in relating to the interviewer and to the
interview situation
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Note: Emotional Withdrawal
Can be described as the clinicians
impression that an invisible wall exists
between the client and the clinician. Do not rate on the basis of general motor
retardation.
Include withdrawal apparently due to
psychotic processes.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - slightly slowly or
reduced movements or
speech compared to most
people
3: Mild - noticeably slowed or
reduced movements or
speech
4: Moderate - large reduction orslowness in movements or
speech
5: Moderately severe - seldom
moves or speaks
spontaneously
6: Severe - does not move or
speak unless urged to do so
7: Extremely severe - catatonic
BPRS: Motor Retardation
Reduction in energy level evidenced in slowed
movements
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Note: Motor Retardation
Speech and motor behavior are most often
affected by reduced energy level.
Speech becomes: slowed, weakened involume, and reduced in amount.
Motor behavior becomes: slowed, weakened,
and less frequent.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - more fidgety than
most but within normal range,
has a few transient signs of
tension, for example fingertapping, picking at fingernails,
foot wagging
3: Mild - same as 2, but more
frequent or exaggerated
4: Moderate - many and frequentsigns of motor tension. There
may be times during the
interview when no signs are
present.
5: Moderately severe - many and
frequent signs of motor tension,
with one or more signs
occurring simultaneously.
There may be a rare time whenno signs of tension are present.
6: Severe - same as 5, but signs of
tension are continuous
7: Extremely severe - multiple
motor signs of tension are
continuously present, I.e.,
continuous pacing or
handwringing
BPRS: Tension
Physical and motor manifestations of tension,
nervousness,
and heightened activation level
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Note: Tension
Rate according to your observations of the
number and nature of signs of tension. These
include nervousness, fidgeting, tremors,
twitching, sweating, frequent changes in
posture, hypertonicity of movements, and
heightened muscle tone.
Dont rate according to patients self-reportedexperiences of tensionthese are rated
under Anxiety.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - shows non-verbal
signs of reluctance but does not
complain or argue
3: Mild - gripes about theinterview, but goes ahead with it
without arguing
4: Moderate - verbally resists but
eventually complies after
questions are rephrased or
repeated
5: Moderately severe - same as 4,
but withholds some information
that is necessary for making
accurate ratings
6: Severe - refuses to cooperate,but remains in the interview
situation
7: Extremely severe - actively tries
to leave the interview situation
BPRS: Uncooperativeness
Evidence of resistance, unfriendliness, resentment,
and lack of readiness to cooperate with the interviewer
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Note: Uncooperativeness
Rate only the degree of resistance to the
interviewer and interview situation.
Rate hostile responses to others under
hostility.
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - subtle increase inemotional intensity - may attimes seem overly alert orkeyed up
3: Mild - subtle but persistentincrease in emotional tone, i.e.lively use of gestures orvariation in voice tone
4: Moderate - definite oroccasional increase inemotional intensity, reacts tointerviewer with noticeableemotional intensity, somepressured speech
5: Moderately severe - definite andpersistent increase in emotionalintensity, reacts to many stimuli,whether relevant or not, withconsiderable emotional intensity,
frequent pressured speech6: Severe - marked increase in
emotional intensity, has difficultysettling down or staying on task,,restless, impulsive, or speech isoften pressured
7: Extremely severe - reacts to allstimuli with inappropriate intensityor impulsiveness, cannot settledown or stay on task, very restlessand impulsive most of the time,constant pressured speech
BPRS: Excitement
Heightened emotional tone, agitation, increased
reactivity
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Note: Excitement
Evidenced by increased intensity of:
Facial expression
Voice tone Expressive gestures
Increased speech quantity and speed
BPRS: Distractibility
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BPRS: Distractibility
1. Not present
2. Very mild generally can
focus on interviewers
questions with only 1
distraction
3. Mild patient shifts focus
of attention to matters
unrelated to interview 2-3
times
4. Moderate often
responsive to irrelevant
stimuli in the room
5. Moderately severe same as
Moderate, but now
distractibility clearly interferes
with the flow of the interview
6. Severe extremely difficult toconduct interview or pursue a
topic due to preoccupation
with irrelevant stimuli
7. Extremely severe
impossible to conduct
interview due topreoccupation with irrelevant
stimuli
Degree to which observed sequence of speech/actions are interrupted
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Note: Distractibility
Distractibility is rated when the patient shows achange in the focus of attention as characterized by a
pause in speech or a marked shift in gaze.
Patients attention may be drawn to noise in adjoining
room, books on a shelf, interviewers clothing, etc. Do not rate circumstantiality, tangentiality or flight of
ideas.
Do not rate rumination with delusional material.
Rate even if the distracting stimulus cannot beidentified.
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BPRS: Motor Hyperactivity
1. Not present
2. Very mild somerestlessness, difficultysitting still, lively facial
expressions, or somewhattalkative
3. Mild occasionally veryrestless, definite increasein motor activity, livelygestures
4. Moderate very restless,up to one-third of theinterview
5. Moderately severefrequently restless, fidgety,rises on 1-2 occasions topace
6. Severe excessive motoractivity, restlessness,fidgety, rises on 3-4occasions to pace
7. Extremely severeconstant excessive motoractivity, can only beinterrupted briefly, littlerelevant informationobtained
Increase in energy level, more frequent movement and/or
rapid speech
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Note: Motor Hyperactivity
Do not rate if restlessness is due to
akathisia.
BPRS M i d P t i
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1: Not present
2: Very mild - eccentric or add
mannerisms or activity observed
once for a brief period
3: Mild - same as 2, but occurringon two occasions of brief
duration
4: Moderate - mannerisms or
posturing (e.g., stylized
movements or acts, rocking,
nodding, or grimacing, observed
on several occasions for brief
periods
5: Moderately severe - same as 4,but occurring often, or severalexamples of very oddmannerisms or posturing thatare idiosyncratic to the patient
6. Severe - frequent stereotypedbehavior, assumes andmaintains uncomfortable orinappropriate or fetal posturing.Patient can interact with othersdespite these behaviors.
7: Extremely severe - same as 6,but patient is unable to interactwith others due to thesebehaviors
BPRS: Mannerisms and PosturingUnusual and unnatural motor behavior, the type of motor behavior
which causes patients to stand out in crowd
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Note: Mannerisms and Posturing
This scale is designed to measure the type of motorbehavior that causes people to stand out asunusual or unnatural. Exclude obvious manifestationsof medication side effects.
Rate only abnormality of movements. Do not rate on the basis of heightened motor activity.
Include: Stylized movements or acts
Any postures that are clearly uncomfortable orinappropriate.
Exclude obvious manifestations of medication sideeffects.
H t C l t th BPRS f f
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How to Complete the BPRS form for
BPRS Training
1. Site Code: Enter the site code of the facility for which you will
be performing BPRS assessments
2. Client Social Security Number: Enter the number of the
interview you are rating in the right-most column of this field.
Leave the first 8 columns blank - do not pad with zeros.
3. Rater Code: Enter your 5-digit rater code, which is unique to
you at your facility.
4. Assessment Date: Fill in the date that you are rating the
interview
5. Type of Assessment: Leave this field blank
6. BPRS Questions 1 24: Fill in one bubble for each question.
BPRS: Information Processing
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AssessmentCompleted
Completed Assessmentmailed RDMC
or scanned on site
Assessments
scanned
into computer
system
Production reports
generated
Assessment reports
generated
Assessment
reports
mailed
Original Assessments
Destroyed
BPRS: Information Processing
BPRS: Reporting
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BPRS: Reporting
Client-Specific Reports Individual Assessment Scores
Demographic/Clinical Data
Historical Assessment Data
Production Reports Weekly internal RDMC report Volume, processing time, accepted assessments
Site-Specific Monthly Reports
Aggregate quality data Rate-specific quality data
Overall outcomes summary
Ad Hoc Reports
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Use pencil or black or blue pen
Write in values when required
Fill in bubbles completely
Do NOT use xs or check marks
Do not fold, staple or hole-punch the form
Fill in entire 6 digit site code
Fill in the date the BPRS assessment wasperformed in the assessment date field
Bubble Sheet Etiquette
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