6863450-rfid
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
1/23
RFID
GROUP 11
T N VATSA + VINAYAK R + VISHAL JAIN + GAUTAM + SHISHIR64 42 19 24 56
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
2/23
RFID What is it?
Radio Frequency Identification Device
Holds a small amount of unique data a serial number or otherunique attribute of the item
The data can be read from a distance no contact or even lineof sight necessary
Enables individual items down to the proverbial can ofbeans to be individually tracked from manufacture toconsumption!
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
3/23
History of RFID
Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman
Initial application was way back in WW2 by US army
Came into use only in 1990s
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
4/23
RFID Tag Attributes
Few hundred within 3m ofreader
1000s of tags recognized up to 100mph
Multi-tag reading
Up to 3-5m, usually lessUp to 100mRange
128 bytes of read/writeUp to 128Kb or read/writewith sophisticated searchand access
Data Storage
Very HighVery LowRequired signal strengthto Tag
Only in field of readerContinuousAvailability of power
NoYesTag Battery
Energy transferred usingRF from reader
Internal to tagTag Power Source
Passive RFIDActive RFID
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
5/23
Passive RFID Tags
Traditional tags used in retail security applications Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that
stores a small amount of data
Tag can be programmed at manufacture or oninstallation
Tag is powered by the high power electromagneticfield generated by the antennas usually indoorways
The field allows the chip/antenna to reflect back anextremely weak signal containing the data
Collision Detection recognition of multiple tags inthe read range is employed to separately readthe individual tags
These passive tags form the basis of the Auto-IDdesigns, and, if manufactured in billions, will comedown in price from $0.80 to $0.05 in the next 2 years.
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
6/23
Active Tags
Battery Powered tags
Have much greater range 100m
Hold much more information Kbytes
Can integrate sensing technology
Temperature, GPS Can signal at defined time
Multiple tags can be recorded at once
Used for higher value items
Shipping containers
Babies Electronic assets
Cost between $20 and $40 per item
Life between 2 4 years
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
7/23
Relatively expensive ascompared to Bar Codes
(Reader 1000$, Tag 20cents a piece)
Can read only one tag at atime
Can read multiple tags
BarcodeRFID
Cannot be reusedCan be reusable within
factory premises
RFID is comparatively fast
Scanner needs to see thebar code to read it
Scanner not required. Noneed to bring the tag nearthe reader
Counterfeiting is easyCounterfeiting is difficult
Comparison of RFID Vs Bar Code
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
8/23
Auto-ID Organization
Non-profit organization supported by major software, consulting, tagand reader manufacturers and by MIT, Cambridge University andAdelaide University
All research and solutions are public domain
Developed vision of global approach to automatic ID of every product
Developed standards for tags and readers
Developed high level designs that will bring tag cost toward 5c andreaders to $100
Developed with SUN Savant software to act as mediation betweenreaders and a global network of name servers and databases available as open source
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
9/23
EPC Network Building Blocks
Object Name Service similar to DNS in the Internet knowsthe appropriate database holding full information about theproduct the tag is attached to
ONS
Servers/Software to support readers, extract uniqueinformation from the read data, and communicate withExternal databases
Savant
Data capture device interrogates the tag and retrieves thedata from all tags in the receiving area. Can be fixed orportable
Reader
Coil included in plastic or similar case usually 12 18inches square
ReaderAntenna
Connected to chip in Tag could be wire or printed usingconductive ink
TagAntenna
Data carrier the ID number Unique EPC Code isprogrammed into the Tag
Tags
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
10/23
EPC Code
E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits)
Header defines data type (8 bits)
EPC Manager describes originator of EPC (Productmanufacturer) (34 bits)
Object Class - Could describe the product type (20 Bits)
Serial Number Unique ID for that product item (34 Bits)
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
11/23
Supply Chain Global Vision
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
12/23
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
13/23
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
14/23
Potential RFID ROI for Retailers
Reduced on-hand inventory and less use of safety stock
Increased sales through reduced out-of- stocks
Increased stock visibility and availability at point ofshipment (>50%)
Reduced transportation cost and shipping volumes
More accurate forecasts and stock replenishment
Reduced shrink and theft in the supply chain
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
15/23
Potential RFID Benefits forConsumers
Better in-stock - product on the shelf when you want it
Improved Product Selection
Product Freshness for Dated Goods
Easier Identification on Recalls
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
16/23
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
17/23
Case Study
Gillete & Co:
Objective: To Track movement of product from Packaging Centerto Plants distribution center.
Previously->Using Bar Code, time taken=80 sec to 20 min
1999->With RFID it takes 20 secs
Gains->Gillette saves 20% in Operational Cost at eachDistribution Center.
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
18/23
Initiatives from India Inc
Patni Computer Systems Lab Implemented Animal Tracking System
Wipro Technologies - Member of the Electronic Product Code (EPC)
- Setting up a lab to study RFID
- Working on pilot projects
Infosys Technologies RFID consulting on logistics player in the RFIDspace.
Intellicon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore tags installed on employeebuses.
- Buses inside the BEL campus were tracked with the aim of gaugingemployee punctuality.
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
19/23
Indian Scenario
RFID will be used to track exported goods
Retail segment worth $330 Billion is potential target
Wal-Mart suppliers have adopted this technology
Pantaloon, Madura Garments and Ashok Leyland use RFID
RFID business expected to reach $600 million by 2009 up from$140 million
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
20/23
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
21/23
Way Forward
Large Retail companies Tracking Goods
Hospitals & Nursing Homes Patient Tagging
Airports Baggage Tracking
Security Applications Smart Cards
RFID Readers could also WRITE onto Tags
RFID Sensors to sense temperature, movement, radiation, foodquality
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
22/23
Constraints
Cost
Battery life
Active RFID life 2 to 4 years
Extreme weather
Privacy concerns
Security concerns
-
7/29/2019 6863450-RFID
23/23
Phased Approach towards RFID
Effort - software development, application integration and building thecapability to act on the additional data from value chain
Identify business functions
Pilot in a controlled environment
Key metrics
Larger scale field trial