ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

Лекц 5

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МУИС-МТС-КМТТ багш П.Гантуяа

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

Öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí äîëãèîí

ªíãºíèé ñïåêòð

Õðîìàòûí äèàãðàì

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

Corel Draw ïðîãðàìì äýýðõ ºíãºíèé

ñîíãîëò

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Õàðæ ìýäðýõ¿é

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Ãýðýë íü í¿äíèé òîðëîã

á¿ðõ¿¿ëèéí ìýäðýëèéí ýñ¿¿äýä

öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí äîëãèîíû

õýëáýðòýé öàöðàã ýíåðãè áîëîí

õ¿ð÷ àëèâàà ç¿éëñèéí îðøèí

áàéãàà íü ìýäðýãääýã.

Ãýðýë

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ãýðëèéí ¿¿ñã¿¿ð- ýíåðãè áîëîí

öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí äîëãèîí ãàðãàæ

áàéãàà áèåò

ãýðëèéí õóðä- 300 000 êì/ñåê âààêóì

îð÷èíä

ãýðëèéí öàöðàã- äóðûí ÷èãëýëä

òàðõàõ ãýðýë

2 Ýíåðãè E=MC

äóëààí

Öàõèëãààí

ñîðîíçîí

äîëãèîí

Öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí

äîëãèîíû óðò Wavelength

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Äîëãèîíû óðò ( λ ) ñàíòèìåòðèéã

ñàÿä õóâààñíû 38-77 îð÷èì (370-770

íàíîìåòð) λ = wavelength of a sound wave or

electromagnetic wave

c = speed of light in vacuum = 299,792.458

km/s ~ 300km/s = 300,000,000 m/s or

c = speed of sound in air = 343 m/s at 20 °C

(68 °F)

f = frequency of the wave

Öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí

äîëãèîíû õýëáýëçýë amplitude

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y = A sin(t − k) + b

A õýëáýëçýë (Db)

Öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí ýíåðãèéí ñïåêòåð¿¿ä

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Àóäèî

Ðàäèî Ðåíòãåí òóÿà

¯çýãäýõ

ñïåêòåð¿¿ä

Ãàììà òóÿà

¯çýãäýõ öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí äîëãèîí Visible electromagnetic radiation

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7.5×1014 Hz - 3.8×1014 Hz äàâòàìæèéí

õîîðîíäîõ öàõèëãààí ñîðîíçîí

äîëãèîíûã í¿äýýð õàðàõ áîëîìæòîé.

Ýíä (v) ýñâýë (c ) õóðä,

(f ) äàâòàìæ,

(λ) äîëãèîíû óðò

ªíãºíèé ñïåêòåð Color

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Íàðíû ãýðýë - 7 ºíãºò ãýðëèéí ñïåêòð.

ñïåêòð íü äîëãèîíû óðòààð ÿëãààòàé

¯çýãäýõ ãýðëèéí ñïåêòð¿¿ä Electromagnetic spectrum

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õºõ ÿãààí- fiolet

õºõ-cyan,

öýíõýð-blue,

íîãîîí-green,

øàð-yellow,

óëáàð øàð-orange,

óëààí-red

650-800 nm

(400nm)

Í¿äýíä õàðàãäàõ ãýðëèéí ñïåêòð¿¿ä Electromagnetic spectrum

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ªí㺠Äîëãèîíû èíòåðâàë Äàâòàìæèéí èíòåðâàë

red

~ 625-740 nm

~ 480-405 THz

orange

~ 590-625 nm

~ 510-480 THz

yellow

~ 565-590 nm

~ 530-510 THz

green

~ 500-565 nm

~ 600-530 THz

cyan

~ 485-500 nm

~ 620-600 THz

blue

~ 440-485 nm

~ 680-620 THz

violet

~ 380-440 nm

~ 790-680 THz

Èíôðà óëààí òóÿà Infrared wavelength

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infrared (IR)

áàãà äàâòàìæòàé

óðò äîëãèîí

700 nm- 1 mm

1800 îíä Àíãëèéí àñòðîíîì William Herschel

•near infrared NIR, IR-A DIN, 0.7–1.4 µm in wavelength, defined by the water absorption, and

commonly used in fiber optic telecomunication because of the low attenuation losses in the SiO2

glass medium.

•short wavelength IR SWIR, IR-B DIN, 1.4–3 µm Water absorption increases significantly at

1450 nm

•mid wavelength IR MWIR, IR-C DIN, also intermediate-IR (IIR), 3–8 µm

•long wavelength IR LWIR, IR-C DIN, 8–15 µm)

•far infrared FIR, 15–1000 µm

Õýò ÿãààí ultraviolet wavelength

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ultraviolet (UV)

Óëòüðà õºõ

ºíäºð äàâòàìæòàé

áîãèíî äîëãèîí

10 nm- 380 nm

near UV (380–200 nm wavelength) extreme or vacuum UV (200–10 nm)

UVA (380–315 nm), also called Long Wave or "blacklight";

UVB (315–280 nm), also called Medium Wave;

UVC (280-10 nm), also called Short Wave or "germicidal

1981 îíä Ãåðìàíû ôèçèê÷ Johann Wilhelm Ritter

Ãýðýë õýìæèõ íýãæ light units

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Quantity

SI unit

Symbol

Luminous energy

Joule

J

Ãýðëèéí óðñãàë

Luminous flux

lumen or ( candela · steradian )

lm

Ãýðëèéí õ¿÷

Luminous intensity

candela

cd

Êîíòðàñò

Luminance

candela / square metre

cd/m2

Ãýðýëòýëò

Illuminance

lux or (lumen / square metre)

lx

Luminous efficacy

lumens per watt

lm/w

Í¿ä eye

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ªíãèéã ìýäðýõ

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Õ¿íèé í¿äíèé òîðëîã

Í¿ä êàìåð

Ìýäðýëèéí ýñ¿¿ä íü rod – ñàâõàíöàð áà cone-

ëîíõîíöîð ãýæ àíãèëíà.

Rod ñàâõàíöàð íü ºíãèéã ìýäðýõã¿é.

Êîíå –Ëîíöîíöîð áà ìýäðýìæ

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Ëîíõîíöîð íü óëààí, íîãîîí áîëîí öýíõýð 3 òºðºëä

õóâààãäàíà.

Òóñ á¿ðäýý ãýðëèéí äàâòàìæèéã ÿëãààòàé ìýäðýíý.

Êîíå -ëîíõîíöîð áà ìýäðýìæ

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Òàðõèíä 3 êîíå-ñ ñèãíàë

ìýäýýëýë èðäýã

E - ãýðýë (ñïåêòð)

S - ñïåêòåðèéí èäýâõæèëòèéí ôóíêöóóä

Êîíå- ëîíõîíöîð áà ìýäðýìæ

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ªí㺠íü 3 ºíãºíèé íèéëáýð áàéäëààð 3 õýìæýýñò

(3 dimensional) îãòîðãóéí âåêòîðûí áàéäëààð

òºñººëºãäºíº.

CIE ªíãºíèé (Õðîìàòûí) äèàãðàì

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CIE Chromaticity Diagram

1931 îíä CIE (Commission

Internationale de

L'Eclairage, áóþó Îëîí

óëñûí ãýðýëòýëòèéí

Êîìèññ )

(X, Y, Z)

CIE Õðîìàòûí äèàãðàì

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Á¿õ ¿çýãäýõ ºíãºí¿¿ä “òóóðàéíä“ X-Y-Z

òýíõëýãèéí äàãóó áàéðëàíà .

X+Y+Z=1

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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CRT Cathode Ray

Tube

öàõèëãààíààð RGB

3 ôîñôîð íü

äîëãèîíûã

äýëãýöýíä ¿ç¿¿ëíý

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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R-RED #FF0000

G-GREEN #00FF00

B-BLUE #0000FF

16- system

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

Additive Color Mixing

R-RED 0-255

G-GREEN 0-255

B-BLUE 0-255

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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Subtractive Color

Mixing

C-CYAN

M-MAGENTA

Y-YELLOW

K-KEY

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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CMY & RGB color model

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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RGB áîëîí CMY ºíãºíèé øèëæèëò

Öàãààí RGB –í (1, 1, 1) ñ CMY- èéí (0, 0, 0) ðóó

CMYK ìîäåë (K –key Black)

K := min (C, M, Y),

C := C - K,

M := M - K,

Y := Y - K.

L*a*b (Lab) ªíãºíèé ìîäåë

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CIE L*a*b 1976 îíîîñ

Ãýðýëòýëò – Luminance L

Õðîìàò

a – íîãîîíîîñ óëààí,

b – öýíõýðýýñ øàð

Photoshop

L*a*b (Lab) ªíãºíèé ìîäåë

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Luminance 25% Luminance 50% Luminance 75%

L*a*b (Lab) ªíãºíèé ìîäåë

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ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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3 ºíãºíèé òàðõàëò (ãàìóò)-í õàðüöóóëàëò

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness),

HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)

Hue, ªí㺠(red, blue, yellow): 0-360 (0-

100%)

Saturation, ªíãºíèé "vibrancy“ õ¿÷ 0-100%

ñààðàëààñ-òîä

Value - brightness 0-100%

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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HSB ¿çýãäýõ áàéäàë

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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RGB-HSV ìîäåëä øèëæèõ áàéäàë

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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HSV- RGB ìîäåëä øèëæèõ áàéäàë

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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HLS õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

HLS /HSL / HIS

Hue, Luminance, Saturation

Hue, Saturation, Lightness Luminance /

Luminosity

Hue, Intensity. Saturation

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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RGB- HLS øèëæèõ áàéäàë

ªíãºíèé ìîäåëóóä

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YIQ ºíãºíèé ìîäåë

YIQ ìîäåëèéã NTSC ºíãºò TV broadcast ñèñòåìä

B/W TV äýýð Y àøèãëàõ áàéäëààð áóóðñàí.

- I: orange-blue òýíõëýã,

- Q: purple-green òýõëýã.

I áîëîí Q òýíõëýã¿¿ä íü R - Y áîëîí B - Y òýíõëýãýýð

ö/ç äàãóó 33 ãðàäóñ ýðã¿¿ëñýí

I = 0.877(R - Y) cos 33 - 0.492(B - Y) sin 33

Q = 0.877(R - Y) sin 33 + 0.492(B - Y) cos 33 áóþó

I = 0.736(R - Y) - 0.268(B - Y) = 0.596R - 0.275G -

0.321B

Q = 0.478(R - Y) + 0.413(B - Y) = 0.212R - 0.523G +

0.311B Í¿ä ýõëýýä Y ãýðýëòýëòýä, I, äàðàà íü Q-ä ìýäðýìòãèé.

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Àíõààðàë òàâüñàíä áàÿðëàëàà

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