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CET437: Electronic

Business

Week 4: E-business implementation,

infrastructure and management

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Internet Protocols

Standards which allow

Packets of information (message + address ofsender + address of receiver) to be sent overthe Internet

Several protocols for different purposes Bandwidth

Rate of data transmission (Mbps)

Large files require high bandwidth

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Internet ProtocolsTCP/IP Protocols

TCP (Transport Control Protocol) Defines structure of the packets

IP (Internet Protocol)

Adds addresses to packets for transmission over theInternet

TCP/IP is the standard transmission protocol for theInternet

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Internet ProtocolsHTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Web document protocol Browser contacts WWW server as client

Server returns copy of page (HTML)

Brower displays page HTML defines how page looks and any embedded

links

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Internet Protocols

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Allows transfer of files between computersusing

Command driven

open (connection to remote host)

download (get) or upload (send or put)

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Internet ProtocolsSMTP (Standard Message Transfer Protocol)

email protocol Allows ASCII files to be transmitted

Uses uuencoding or AppleDouble or BinHex

conversions etc Often used with POP3 or IMAP

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Markup Languages

Standard Generalised Markup Language

(SGML) : ISO standard 1980s HyperText Markup Language (HTML):

Subset of SGML, defines way a browser

displays a document including hyperlinks,multimedia

eXtensible Markup Language (XML): Based

on SGML, allows specification of structureswithin a document

eXtensible HyperText Markup Language

(XHTML): XML + HTML

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Internet Addresses Email addresses

Account name@domain name IP address

Unique number given to every computer on then erne

Dotted quad format eg 123.145.1.1

Domain Name Server (DNS)

Maps IP addresses to names, eg www.hanu.edu.au

URL

Address of a web page

http://fit.hanu.edu.vn/uclan

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Internet Service Providers

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide

Provide connection facilities (no control overinternet management)

Internet access for organisations and

individuals Network management & systems integration

services

Access to other ISPs Software for navigating & publishing on the

internet

Payment systems for on-line purchases

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Connecting to the Internet

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ISPs - Information

Telstra Big Pond

http://www.bigpond.com/ OptusNet

. . .

Australian ISPs:

http://www.broadbandguide.com.au/

Web Site:http://whirlpool.net.au/

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E-Business infrastructure The aim of e-business infrastructure is to support

business process integration Server provides makes files available to other

computers (email, file, web, database)

v urespond to requests from Web client computers

Three main elements of e-business infrastructure:

Hardware (including distributed computer

networking

System software (built on client/serverarchitectures)

Web server software (HTML, XML, CGI, etc)

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Types of Web Sites Development sites

Used to evaluate different Web designs Intranets

Corporate networks

Extranets Intranets that allow authorized parties outside the

company to access information stored in thesystem

Transaction-processing sites

Commerce sites that must be available 24/7

Content-delivery sites

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Site Design Issues

What is a Web site?

A set of linked documents with

shared attributes

related topics similar design

shared purpose

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Phases of Web Development

Site Planning

File organisation, audience, goals

Designing web pages

,

Adding content - text, images, movies, sound

etc

Adding interactivity - animation, feedback,demos etc

Testing and publishing

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Site Planning

Determine goals

Choose target audience

Create a design look

Consider browser compatibility Consider file organisation

Design navigation scheme

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Layout

The Web is NOT WYSIWYG (Not What-

You-See-Is-What-You-Get) Browser/platform differences

creen s zes a ec ooColour palettes affect look

Test your page with differentbrowsers

Recommend a browser/set up to

your users

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Lay out

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Colour No of colours

Choose a colour scheme Palettes/lookup tables differ

Mathematical tables defining colour of a pixel

Web safe colours Same on Firefox, IE, Windows, Mac

216 web safe colours

highcolor (16 bit), truecolor (32 bit)

Test for colour-blindness

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Text Size

Vary size in proportion to message Font

-

cannot be read are

useless

Too many fonts - ransom-note typography Colour

Can you read grey on white ?

Use consistent link colours

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Mac Vs PC Font Sizes Typically 12-point on a Mac will be 10 or 9 -

point size in Windows Mac Times New Roman Size 6

Windows Times New Roman

Size 6.

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Navigation Speed is affected by

Size of images Overload of graphics, movies, sound

-

Make links obvious

Always have a link back to the home page

Frames can aid navigation - but reducedisplay space

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Client/server architectures Client computers request & consume

services (data, printing, web page) Server computers provide the requested

services and data

A computer can be both client and server

Allows distributed programs to interconnectacross networks

Information exchange between clients andservers takes place as messages

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Client/server architectures Allow businesses to design applications to

suit business needseg order processing DB at Head Office, clients

at branch offices

Commonly two-tier client/serverarchitecture

Tiers are logical components of an

application Tiers are connected by TCP/IP

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Client/server architectures

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Two-Tier Client/Server

Architecture Two-tier client/server architecture has only one

client tier and one server tier Client tier handles GUI & client-side business rules

Server tier handles database mechanisms

Limitations Scalability with high no. of users

Poor business logic sharing (client side)

Client reliance on DB structure

Limited interoperability

High maintenance costs

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Two-Tier Client/Server

Architecture

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Three-Tier Client/Server

Architectures Three-tier architecture

Presentation Tier - GUI web browser Processing Tier (maybe multiple) - business

logic and application processing

Data Tier - holds permanent data associatedwith supported applications

N-tier architectures

Higher-order architectures allow additionalprocessing

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Three-Tier Client/Server

Architectures

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Web Architectures Based on TCP/IP networks

A collection of middleware softwareapplications acting on behalf of users and

other applications & resources

Generally have Identity (URL)

Format (HTML, XML, etc)

Protocol (HTTP etc)

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Web-based Content Based on documents such as HTML, GIF,

JPEG, MPEG etc Server can

Deliver files st tic documents

Execute other programs producing resources(dynamic documents)

Dynamic content is generated on request,

Static content is retrieved from a file system

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Dynamic Content Server-side scripting

Programs running on a Web server create Webpages before sending them back to the requestingWeb clients

ynam c page-generat on tec no og es nc u e:

Active Server Pages (ASP)

JavaServer Pages (JSP)

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) (Apache) ColdFusion

MS .NET

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Web Server Software The most popular Web server software:

Apache HTTP Server Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

Linux

Open-source operating system that is easy toinstall, fast, and efficient

Open-source software

Developed by a community of programmerswho make it available for download at no cost

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Web Hosting Options Self-hosting

Running servers in-house Service providers (ISPs, ASPs, CSPs)

individuals Offer Web server management and the

renting of application software

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Web Hosting Options Shared hosting

Clients Web site is on a server that hostsother Web sites simultaneously

Dedicated hostin

Service provider makes a Web serveravailable to a client

Co-location

Service provider rents a physical space to theclient to install its own server hardware

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Basic Functions of Electronic

Commerce Software Electronic commerce solutions typically

provide: A catalog display

Shopping cart capabilities

Keeps track of order items (no/little

typing)

Transaction processing

Calculations at virtual checkout

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Web Services Combination of software tools that let

application software in one organization communicate

with

other applications over a network Companies are using Web services to offer

improved customer service and reduce costs

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Web Site Development Tools DreamWeaver

Macromedia now Adobe Part of suite (Flash, Fireworks, Freehand)

.

Microsoft integrated developmentenvironment

Web sites, web apps, web services

b h

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IBM WebSphere Commerce

Professional Edition Set of software components that provides

software suitable for midsize to largebusinesses

Includes:

Catalog templates Setup wizards

Advanced catalog tools

Connects to DB2 or Oracle

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Microsoft Commerce Server 2002 Allows businesses to sell products or

services on the Web using the following tools: User profiling and management

Transaction rocessin

Product and service management Target audience marketing

Provides many predefined reports for

analyzing site activities and product salesdata

O h El i C

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Other Electronic Commerce

Software Customer Relationship Management

Software Supply Chain Management Software

on en anagemen o ware Knowledge Management Software

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References Schneider, G (2007). Electronic Commerce. Thomson

Learning. Chapter 8 and 9

Jelassi and Enders (2005) Strategies for E. Business

Creating Value through Electronic and Mobile Commerce Concepts and Cases,Prentice-Hall Appendix

Pa azo lou M. & Ribbers P. 2006 e-Business: or anizational

and technical foundations, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Chapter 6 Lawrence, E., Newton, S., Corbitt, B., Braithwaite, R. And Parker, C. (2002)

Technology of Internet Business. John Wiley and Sons, Milton. Chapter 5 pp 75-79