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DLC DLC 1 Direction du Direction du Laboratoire des chaussées Laboratoire des chaussées Qué be c T r an sp o r t s Type of Tires : Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements Impact on Pavements Rencontre Rencontre interprovinciale interprovinciale - - Charges et dimensions des véhicules Charges et dimensions des véhicules 3 Décembre 2003 3 Décembre 2003 Fritz Prophète, ing.

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DLCDLC 1

Direction duDirection duLaboratoire des chausséesLaboratoire des chausséesQuébec

Transpor t s

Type of Tires :Type of Tires :Impact on PavementsImpact on PavementsRencontre Rencontre interprovincialeinterprovinciale - -

Charges et dimensions des véhiculesCharges et dimensions des véhicules3 Décembre 20033 Décembre 2003

Fritz Prophète, ing.

2

QuébecTranspor t s

ScopeScopeTesting ProgramTesting ProgramModel (Validation)Model (Validation)Failure criterionFailure criterionESAL for ESAL for different different tirestiresLoad limits Load limits : : RegulationRegulationConclusionsConclusionsFurtherFurther works recommandedworks recommanded

Presentation outlinePresentation outline

3

QuébecTranspor t s

ScopeScope

ProvideProvide technical technical informations informations concerningconcerningpavement pavement responseresponse withwith differentdifferent type of type oftires.tires.Propose an adaptation to the Propose an adaptation to the regulationregulationconcerning concerning axial axial loadingloading..

4

QuébecTranspor t s

Adapation to road network

ExperimentalProgramSERUL

2 testing périod• Spring: Mai 2002• Summer: July 2002

4 types of tires tested

Pavement response withdifferent load

Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements

Strutural pavement analysis

FWD testing• Spring: Mai 2002

• Summer: July 2002

Pavement response Modeling

Calculatedpavement response

Comparaison with experimental datas

Load limits

Report of experimental study

5

QuébecTranspor t s

100 mm Béton bitumineux

200 mm MG 20

450 mm Bois

480 mm MG 112

1370 mm Till silteux

270 mm Silt sableux

0

300 mm

780 mm

2150 mm

2600 mm

2870 mm

100 mm

300 m

600 m

900 m

1200 m

1500 m

1800 m

2100 m

2400 m

2700 m

Temperatureprobe

Pavement StructurePavement Structure

Silt (fine sand)

Granular Sub-Base

Granular Base

Bituminous layer

6

QuébecTranspor t s

MultiMulti--depth Deflectometerdepth Deflectometer

300 mm

800 mm

1100 mm

2500 mm#1

#2

#3

#4

7

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optical fibres

Vertical Vertical strain cellstrain cell

Chaus s e

BÉTON

PavementConcrete Epoxy/granular cell

Concrete base

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QuébecTranspor t s

Tire Tire testedtested

11R22.5

12R22.5

385/65R22.5

455/55R22.5

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Truck Truck usedused for for testingtesting

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Benkelman beamBenkelman beam test test

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TemperatureTemperature distribution in distribution inpavement (pavement (springspring))

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Température (°C)

Prof

onde

ur (m

)

9 mai 2002 à 15h457 mai 2002 à 8h00

50

FROZEN LAYER Dep

th (m

)

12

QuébecTranspor t s

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Température (°C)

Prof

onde

ur (m

m)

8 juillet 9h35

10 juillet 8h00

12 juillet 9h15

12 juillet 16h30

15 juillet 9h00

16 juillet 13h45

50

TemperatureTemperature distribution in distribution inpavement (pavement (summersummer))

Dep

th (m

)

13

QuébecTranspor t s

Adapation to road network

ExperimentalProgramSERUL

2 testing périod• Spring: Mai 2002• Summer: July 2002

4 types of tires tested

Pavement response withdifferent load

Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements

Strutural pavement analysis

FWD testing• Spring: Mai 2002

• Summer: July 2002

Pavement response Modeling

Calculatedpavement response

Comparaison with experimental datas

Load limits

Report of experimental study

14

QuébecTranspor t s

FWD FWD deflectiondeflection

Plate

Loading system

Hydraulic system

Bargeophone

De f

lec t

ion

(µm

)

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QuébecTranspor t s

R2 = 0,9861

1000

10000

0 10 20 30 40

Temperature (oC)

Mod

ulus

, E (M

Pa)

AsphaltAsphalt ModulusModulus ( (MPaMPa))vsvs

Temperature Temperature (°C)(°C)

16

QuébecTranspor t s

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

distance (mm)

Mod

ule

de B

ouss

ines

q m

oyen

(MPa

)

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

distance (mm)

Déf

lexi

on (µ

m)

PavementPavement response Modeling response Modeling

Printemps

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

distance (mm)

Mod

ule

de B

ouss

ines

q m

oyen

(MPa

) SPRING

SUMMER

Bou

ssin

esq

Mod

ulus

(MPa

)

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BaseBaseSubSub base baseSubgrade

Issue : Calculated the tension strain (єt)

at the bottom ofthe bituminous layer

єt

LoadedLoaded pavement pavement responseresponse

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єt

Fondation etFondation etsous-fondationsous-fondationInfrastructure

LoadedLoaded pavement pavement responseresponse

Issue : Calculated the tension strain (єt)

at the bottom ofthe bituminous layer

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WIDE BASETIRE DUAL TIRES

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CalculedMesured

Comparaison ofComparaison ofcalculated deflection calculated deflection vsvs mesuredmesured

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FailureFailure criterioncriterion

FatigueFatigueNNtt = 10= 1066 ×× ( (εεtt / K) / K)-a-a ; K = 240 et a = 3.29 ; K = 240 et a = 3.29(Asphalte Institue)(Asphalte Institue)

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QuébecTranspor t s

RuttingRutting in in subgradesubgrade or base or baseNNoo=1.077 =1.077 хх 10 101818 ( (εεvv))-4.483-4.483

(Chevron)(Chevron)

FailureFailure criterioncriterion

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QuébecTranspor t s

FlowFlow ruttingruttinglog(log(εεpp / / εεrr ) = -3.74938 + 0.4262 log(N ) = -3.74938 + 0.4262 log(Noo) + 2.02755 log(T)) + 2.02755 log(T)(AASHTO 2002)(AASHTO 2002)

FailureFailure criterioncriterion

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QuébecTranspor t s

ESALESAL

Ratio Ratio between between the pavement the pavement dammage dammage cause by acause by aspecific load and specific load and a a reference loadreference load..

ESALt =ESALt = Nr Nr / / Nt NtNormalizedNormalized ESAL ESAL withwith referencereference temperaturetemperature

ESALt = FCD × ECAStrESALt = FCD × ECAStr

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FatigueFatiguedammagedammagecorrectioncorrection

factorfactorFCDFCD

Summer

Spring

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ESALESAL(fatigue)(fatigue)

Summer

Spring

12R22.5

12R22.5

11R22.5

11R22.5

455/55R22.5

455/55R22.5

385/65R22.5

385/65R22.5 (ESA

L) (E

SAL)

LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg

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QuébecTranspor t s

ESALESAL((flow ruttingflow rutting))

Summer

(ESA

L)

mesured

12R22.5 11R22.5455/55R22.5 385/65R22.5

LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg

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QuébecTranspor t s

Combine Combine effecteffect of of twotwo types of types of failurefailureFatigue Fatigue andand flowflow ruttingrutting

SpringSpringSummerSummer

Fatigue Fatigue and and RuttingRutting in in subgrade subgrade or base or baseSpringSpringSummerSummer

Combine « ESAL »Combine « ESAL »

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QuébecTranspor t s

Combine « ESAL »Combine « ESAL »((FatigueFatigue and flow rutting and flow rutting ))

11R22.5 = 1.40 ESAL12R22.5 = 1.5 ESAL385/65R22.5 = 2.30 ESAL455/55R22.5 = 2.20 ESAL

(ESA

L)

LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg

FeFe = ESAL tire type X / ESAL 11R22.5

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QuébecTranspor t s

SingleSingle10 000 kg10 000 kg

TandemTandem1.6 * 10 000 kg1.6 * 10 000 kg

TridemTridem2.13 * 10 000 kg2.13 * 10 000 kg

Load limitsLoad limits

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QuébecTranspor t s

LoadLoad limitslimits((SummerSummer))

Exemple - Single axialExemple - Single axialPneu 11R22.5Pneu 11R22.5 PPlimitelimite = 10 000 kg ( = 10 000 kg (FeFe=1.00)=1.00)Pneu 12 R22.5Pneu 12 R22.5 PPlimitelimite = 10 000 kg ( = 10 000 kg (FeFe=1.00)=1.00)Pneu 385/65R22.5Pneu 385/65R22.5 PPlimitelimite= 8 400 kg (= 8 400 kg (FeFe=1.80)=1.80)Pneu 455/55R22.5Pneu 455/55R22.5 PPlimitelimite= 8 400 kg (= 8 400 kg (FeFe=1.80)=1.80)

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QuébecTranspor t s

Exemple - Single axialExemple - Single axialPneu 11R22.5Pneu 11R22.5 PPlimitelimite = 8 000 kg ( = 8 000 kg (FeFe=1.00)=1.00)Pneu 12 R22.5Pneu 12 R22.5 PPlimitelimite = 8 000 kg ( = 8 000 kg (FeFe=1.00)=1.00)Pneu 385/65R22.5Pneu 385/65R22.5 PPlimitelimite= 6 700 kg (= 6 700 kg (FeFe=1.80)=1.80)Pneu 455/55R22.5Pneu 455/55R22.5 PPlimitelimite= 6 700 kg (= 6 700 kg (FeFe=1.80)=1.80)

LoadLoad limitslimits((SpringSpring))

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QuébecTranspor t s

ConclusionConclusion

WithWith the the same load same load,, Wide Wide-base tire cause-base tire causemore pavementmore pavement dammage than dammage than a standard a standarddual tiresdual tiresFatigue of Fatigue of bituminousbituminous layer layer isis the the criticalcritical« « failurefailure criterioncriterion » »The The axle loadaxle load limitlimit must must bebe reducereduce by 16% by 16%for a for a widewide-base tire-base tire

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QuébecTranspor t s

PerformPerform a road network a road network analysisanalysis;;EvaluationEvaluation of of FeFe factor factor for for differentsdifferentstypes of types of roadsroads..

Révision of the Révision of the load limits regulationload limits regulationaccordingaccording to the to the benefits benefits for the for thetransportationtransportation industry industry

FurtherFurther worksworks

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QuébecTranspor t s

Further worksFurther works

CompleteComplete a data a data analysis from analysis from SERUL SERULexperimental studyexperimental study to to learn learn more about more aboutthe "tire-pavement" interface impactthe "tire-pavement" interface impact

40

QuébecTranspor t s

QuébecMinistère

des Transports