the political ecnomy of tourism development in tolagnaro (madagascar) utilization of natural...

20
The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur Département d’études urbaines et touristiques École des sciences de la gestion Université du Québec à Montréal

Upload: norbert-honore

Post on 04-Apr-2015

105 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty

Bruno SarrasinProfesseur

Département d’études urbaines et touristiquesÉcole des sciences de la gestionUniversité du Québec à Montréal

Page 2: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

• Madagascar: State of the nation

• The stakes associated with natural resources

• Research questions and hypotheses

• Analytical framework and approach

• Presentation of case study

• Conclusion

Outline of Presentation

Page 3: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur
Page 4: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

The stakes of Natural Resources

Tableau 1 : La déforestation à Madagascar de 1980 à 20001 Année Taux de déforestation Source

1980 – 1985 Taux de déboisement annuel (forêts et reboisements)

2,0 % PNUD 1998 / ONE 1997

1990 – 1995 Taux de déboisement annuel

0,8 % PNUD 1998 / ONE 1997

1990 – 2000 Taux de déforestation moyen annuel (forêts et fourrés)

0,86 % Conservation International

1 Le taux de déforestation est une moyenne, tous types de forêts confondus (forêt humide, forêt sèche et mangrove). Il importe de souligner la difficulté de comparer les chiffres obtenus, étant donné que les éléments considérés (critères d’évaluation) sont souvent différents d’une institution à l’autre.

Page 5: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Research question:

What are the political and economic mechanisms that will enable the struggle against poverty and its associated model for development to contribute to the development of of tourism in the region of Tolagnaro à Madagascar

Research question and hypotheses

Page 6: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

International Political Economy developed by Suzan Strange

Stopford, John, Suzan Strange et John S. Henley (1991). Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for World Market Shares, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Strange, Suzan (1993). States and Markets: An Introduction to Political Economy, 2nd Edition, London, Pinter.

-------- (1996). The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

-------- (1998). «International Political Economy: Beyond Economics and International Relations», Économies et Sociétés, no 34, avril, p. 69-100.

Analytical Framework and Approach

Page 7: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Analytical Framework and Approach

Process of agent and structure

STRUCTURE VALUES

ACTOR – (bargaining / negotiations) – ACTOR

Page 8: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Hypotheses:

1) The development of tourism in Madagascar will be an instrumental part of strategies for the struggle against poverty;

2) It contributes to Fundamental Structures, as exposed by Strange, and produces several forms of Structural Power which do not help the rural poor.

Research question and hypotheses

Page 9: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

From the definition of poverty to one of a

« model of development »

The Notion of Poverty

Page 10: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

1) Lack of assets;

2) Central role of governance;

• Political• Economic

3) The market offers « opportunities to take advantage of » for the disadvantaged.

The Notion of Poverty – World Bank et PNUD

Page 11: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

High priority values

1) Social evolution;

2) Individualism;

3) Liberalism (economic and political);

4) « Conservatism ».

The Notion of Poverty – World Bank et PNUD

Page 12: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

1) The Washington consensus(WC);

2) The post-Washington consensus(PWC);

3) Framework document for political economy (DCPE);

4) Strategy document for the reduction of poverty (DSRP).

The Power Structure: The Model for Development

Page 13: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

1) Improve economic performance and provide greater opportunities for the disadvanaged ;

2) Develop essential services (education, health, clean water) and safety nets for the most vulnerable population groups ;

3) Create an institutional framework to support economic growth, reduce poverty, and strengthen capacity, in order to improve governance and relationships between the administration and those it is responsible for.

Principal Themes of the Strategy Document

Page 14: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)Source : Misitan et al., 2002

Titre

Page 15: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Regional GDP per inhabitant : 182 dollars per person per annum, and poverty rate of 74%;

GDP per inhabitant: 410 dollars per person per annum, and poverty rate of 69%.

Stakes and Challenges in Development of the Anosy region

Page 16: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

Problems

1) Enclaves;2) Socio-economic and sanitary challenges;3) Insufficient agricultural production;4) Degradation of natural resources.

Role of tourism in this context

Stakes and Challenges in Development of the Anosy region

Page 17: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

From a post-consensus in Washington to an integrated model for development

1) Framework for integrated development (CDI);2) Strategy document for reduction of poverty

(DSRP)3) Programs for conservation and integrated

development (PCDI).

Stakes and Challenges in Development of the Anosy region

Page 18: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)Source : PIC Toalagnaro, Tecuslt 2003

The Andohahela National Park in the Anosy region.

Page 19: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

B. SARRASIN - Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)Source : Madagascar National Parks, 2009

The Andohahela National Park

Page 20: The political ecnomy of tourism development in Tolagnaro (Madagascar) Utilization of natural resources in the struggle against poverty Bruno Sarrasin Professeur

Économie politique du développement touristique à Tolagnaro (Madagascar)

la mise en valeur des ressources naturelles par la lutte contre la pauvreté

Bruno SarrasinProfesseur

Département d’études urbaines et touristiquesÉcole des sciences de la gestionUniversité du Québec à Montréal