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Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash Foundation 104 Third Street, Tatabad, Coimbatore 641012, India Phone: + 91 9487373635 E mail: [email protected] www.arshaavinash.in

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Page 1: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book

Volume I Single Letters

Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti

Published by:

Arsha Avinash Foundation 104 Third Street, Tatabad, Coimbatore 641012, India

Phone: + 91 9487373635 E mail: [email protected]

www.arshaavinash.in

Page 2: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

Sanskrit alphabet

(Devanāgarī)

Study Book

Volume 1

Single letters

Medhā Michika

Page 3: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

���������� ����������������������������������������������� ���!�������������������!��������"��� ���"���!���������!������������������������!��������������������� �����������������������#�$%&'��(��!$)��������(������$� *������������������������������������+������������,�"������ ����������������%���������������������������������+�����-����."�"�"��!/���!�����/�0/1���� ��������������( �!�)�������������!/2��������/34/1���� �������������������-����."�"�"��!/(�������"��/%�/3(� ��������������������(���� ��������������!5(�������6!����!������78�!�9������"���"��� ��!�9�����!���5(�������6!����!������78

Page 4: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

Table of contents

= Introduction =

Prayer …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 1

Alphabet chart ……..………….. studied on: / / ---- 2

= Vowels at the beginning of word =

�, � …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 3

�, � …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 4

�, � …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 4

, …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 5

� …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 5

�, …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 6

�, � …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 6

= Consonants =

Introduction …………………..….. studied on: / / ---- 7

Gutturals �� � � � � � � �� ..... studied on: / / ---- 10

Palatals � � � � � � � � ..... studied on: / / ---- 19

Cerebrals � � � � � � � � � ..... studied on: / / ---- 26

Dentals � � � � � � � � � � ..... studied on: / / ---- 32

Labials � � � � � � � � � � ..... studied on: / / ---- 46

Semi-vowels � � � � � � � � ..... studied on: / / ---- 58

Sibilants � ! � " � # � ..... studied on: / / ---- 68

Page 5: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash
Page 6: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

1

� om

������ ���� � ���� �� �� ���� � । ू������ �� !� � �� � �"#$��% ! ॥

śuklāmbaradhara� vi��u� śaśivar�a� caturbhujam |

prasannavadana� dhyāyet sarvavighnopaśāntaye ||

�' � ��(�)� ��! *��+ $ � । �,�-� * .� � � /� ��� � � ! ��� ॥

sarasvati namastubhya� varade kāmarūpi�i |

vidyārambha� kari�yāmi siddhirbhavatu me sadā ||

� �� %0 �� %0 �� %0 ॥ om śānti� śānti� śānti� ||

Page 7: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

2

���

���

e, �

ai

����

�� –

�� �

(��

� ���

�)

* E

ffo

rt

of

� –

�� �� �

���

���

� –

o, "

au

���

� – �

� $ (�

%�&

' �()�

)

**

*+

���

� – %

va

)-��

(E

fforts)

.��

���

(Places)

%/�' �

(Types of sound)

012�

� (Contact)

345

12��

(Slightly

contact)

34�6

%1 ���

(Slightly o

pen

) �%

%1 ���

(Open

)

Ha

rd

S

oft

H

ard

S

oft

���

� �

7ू�

/��

(Non-

asp.)

�8�ू

�/��

(Asp

irate)

�7

ू�/

�� (N

on-

asp.)

�8�ू

�/��

(Asp

irate)

�7

ू�/

�� (N

on-asp

irate)

�8�ू

�/��

(Asp

irate)

1st of the

class

2nd of the

class

3rd of the

class

4th of the

class

5th /

(Nasals)

Sem

i vowels

Sib

ila

nts

Vo

wels

���

� Thr

oat

(��=

�� G

uttu

rals

) �

k

a A

k

ha

B ga

C g

ha

D

�a

8 ha

� *

/ F

a

/ ā

���

Pal

ate

(��H

I��

Pala

tals

) J ca

K ch

a &

ja

L

jh

a M ña

) ya

N

śa

O

/ 3

i /

ī

�P Q�' R

oof

(�P Q

' T��

Cer

ebra

ls)

W �a

� �ha

X �a

Y �

ha

/

�a

� ra

4 �a

Z

/ [

/ �

*+��

Teet

h (*

\��

Den

tals

) � ta

_ tha

* da

Q d

ha

� na

H

la

� sa

`

�a

Lip

s (

d��

Labi

als)

e pa

f

ph

a g ba

h b

ha

� ma

% *

va

i /

j

u /

ū

Page 8: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

3

Chapter 1.

Vowels at the beginning of a word

Legend: m. = masculine; f. = feminine; n. = neuter; ind. = indeclinable; a. = adjective

a

ā

12 1�0 atha aja� (ind.) (m.)

now brahman

34� 3*��0 ātmā ākāśa� (m.) (m.)

self space

4

1

2

5

3

1

2

4

3

Page 9: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

4

i

ī

u

ū

5�� � 56 idam iha (n.) (ind.)

this here

7�0 780 īśa� īśvara� (m.) (m.)

lord lord

1

2

1

2 3

9�*� � 9�� udakam umā (n.) (f.)

water pārvatī

:;0 :<�� � ūru� ūrdhvam (m.) (ind.)

thigh upward

1

2

1

3

2

Page 10: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

5

!

There is no long � sound.

=�� � =* � tam k (ind.) (f.)

truly mantra

1

2

4

1

1

4

2 3

1

4

2 3

3

Page 11: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

6

e

ai

o

au

>� >?0 eva e�a� (ind.) (m.)

only, just this

@A� � @8 �� � aikyam aiśvaryam (n.) (n.)

oneness lordship

2

3

1

3

4

B� � BC0 om o��ha� (ind.) (m.)

om lip

D? �0 DE� � au�adhi� au��yam (f.) (n.)

herb heat

2 1

7

3 4

5

1

2

6

6

3 4

5

1

2

Page 12: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

7

Chapter 2.

Consonants followed by vowels

k + a = ka k + a = ka

k + ā = kā k + ā = kā

k + i = ki k + i = ki

4

1 2

4

3 1 2

5

3

4

1 2

5

3 1 2

5

3 4

1 2

6

3 4

5

Page 13: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

8

k + ī = kī k + ī = kī

k + u = ku k + u = ku

k + ū = kū k + ū = kū

k + � = k� k + � = k�

k + = k k + = k

k + e = ke k + e = ke

6

1 2 3 4

5

5

1 2 3

4

5

1 2 3

4

5

1 2 3

4

5

1 2 3

4

5

1 2 3

4

Page 14: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

9

k + ai = kai k + ai = kai

k + o = ko k + o = ko

k + au = kau k + au = kau

6

1 2 3

4 5

7

1 2 3 4

6

6

1 2 3 4

5

5

Page 15: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

10

ka

ki

*2� *�F� � kathā kamalam (f.) (n.)

story lotus

*�*0 *�F0 kāka� kāla� (m.) (m.)

crow time

*� � *�0 kim kira�a� (n.) (m.)

what ray of light

*GH0 *G � �0 kī�a� kīrti� (m.) (f.)

warm fame

1 2

4

3

Page 16: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

11

ku

k�

k

*���0 *�F� � kumāra� kulam (m.) (n.)

young boy family

*I HJ *I $0 kū&astha kūpa� (a.) (m.)

unchange- well able

*K $� *K �0 k�pā k�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion

*K $� *K �0 k�pā k�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion name of god

Page 17: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

12

ke

kai

ko

kau

*LF��0 *L�M� � kailāsa� kaivalyam (m.) (n.)

name of a exclusiveness holy place

*# H0 *#�0 ko&i� kośa� (f.) (m.)

crore sheath

*N� ��G *N�0 kaumudī kaurava� (f.) (m.)

moonlight descendant of Kurus

*!��0 *! �F keśava� kevala (m.) (a.)

name of only k� !a

Page 18: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

13

kha

khā

khi

khe

O� � OP0 kham khaga� (n.) (m.)

sky bird

O�, O��� � khādya khānam (a.) (n.)

edible digging

1 2

4

3

O� khinna (a.)

distressed

O!�0 O !F�

kheda� khelā (m.) (f.) pain sport

Page 19: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

14

ga

gi

PP�� � P�!�0 gaganam ga�eśa (n.) (m.)

sky name of god

P� *0 P� ऽG gāyaka gāyatrī (m.) (f.)

singer name of goddess

P 0 P � giri gir (m.) (f.)

hill word

PG�� gītā (f.) name of a sacred scripture

1 2

3

Page 20: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

15

gu

g�

ge

P �;0 P ��0 guru gu�a (m.) (m.)

teacher quality

PIR gū�ha (a.)

hidden

PK6� � PK6J0 g�ham g�hastha (n.) (m.)

house householder

P! � � P !6� � geyam geham (n.) (n.)

song house

Page 21: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

16

go

gau

gha

ghā

P#�0 P#$�F0 gocara gopāla (m.) (m.)

range cowherd

PN0 PNG gau gaurī (f.) (f.)

cow name of Pārvatī

S��*0 ghātaka (m.)

slayer

3

1 2 SH0 S�0 gha�a ghana (m.) (m.)

pot cloud

Page 22: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

17

ghi

gh�

ghu

gho

SK�� � gh�tam (n.)

ghee

S �0 FS � raghu laghu (m.) (a.)

name of a small, light king

S# S#?0 ghora gho�a (a.) (m.)

violent proclamation

Page 23: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

18

)a

)i

)e

)o

3

1

2

Page 24: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

19

ca

ci

�ब� � �U0 cakram candra� (n.) (m.)

wheel moon

��; ��$� � cāru cāpam (a.) (n.)

pleasant bow

�V� � � cittam cira (n.) (a.)

mind long time

1 2

3

Page 25: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

20

cu

ce

cai

ू� � � �0 pracura cumba� (a.) (m.)

abundant kiss

�I� �� � �IW� cūr(am cū+ā (n.) (f.)

powder crest

�!��0 � !X� cetana� ce'&ā (m.) (f.)

conscious movement being

� L�Y� � � Lऽ0 caitanyam caitra� (n.) (m.)

consciousness name of a month

Page 26: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

21

co

cau

cha

chā

�#��� �#0 codanā cora� (f.) (m.)

inspiration thief

�N0 caura� (m.)

thief

Zऽ0 Z[� � chatra� chandas (m.) (n.)

umbrella the Veda

Z� � Z�ऽ0 chāyā chātra� (f.) (m.)

shadow pupil

2 1

3

Page 27: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

22

chi

che

ja

Z� Zि� � chinna chidram (a.) (n.)

torn hole

Z!��� �

chedanam (n.) cutting

�P� � �F� � jagat jalam (n.) (n.)

universe water

�� �0 ��� � jāti� jātu (f.) (ind.)

class ever

1 3

4

2

Page 28: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

23

ji

ju

�]� �^�� �0 jihvā jijñāsu� (f.) (m.)

tongue one who desires to know

�G�0 �G� � jīva� jīr�a (m.) (a.)

individual old

� �X � �P �_� ju'&a jugupsā (a.) (f.)

gratified disgust

�IH0 jū&a� (m.)

matted hair

Page 29: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

24

j�

je

jai

jo

�K$� �K�0 j�pā j�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion

�K�0 �K��� � j�bha� j�bha(am (m.) (n.)

yawning yawning

� L � �0 � L�0 jaimini� jaina� (m.) (m.)

name of a name of a teacher sage

�#?� � jo'am (n.)

happiness

�!�� jetā (m.)

winner

Page 30: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

25

jha

jha

ña

ñā

1 3

4

2

`?0 ` H � jha�a� jha�iti (m.) (ind.)

fish quickly

`� H*� jhā�ikā (f.)

jasmine

1 3

4

2

Page 31: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

26

&a

&i

&u

*I H0 SH0 kū�a� gha�a� (m.) (m.)

anvil pot

Ha�G �ippa�ī (f.)

footnote

HG*� �īkā (f.)

commentary

1

2

Page 32: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

27

&e

&o

&ha

&hā

$Gb� � $�b0 pī�ham pā�ha� (m.) (m.)

seat reading

$Gb� �C� pī�hā ni��hā (f.) (f.)

seat firmness

1

2

Page 33: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

28

&hi

&hī

&hu

&h�

$ b� * b� pa�hita ka�hina (a.) (a.)

recited hard

$GbG ?CG pī�hī �a��hī (f.) (f.)

seat sixth

� �C� *b� su��hu ka�hura (ind.) (a.)

well hard

Page 34: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

29

&he

&ho

+a

1� �C!

anu��heya (a.) object to be performed

*b# *cb#C� �

ka�hora ka��ho��ham (a.) (n.) cruel guttural-labial

1

2

Page 35: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

30

+i

+ha

+hi

$G W� pī ita (a.)

tormented

WG�� � īnam (n.)

flight

Rd� �IR hakkā mū ha (f.) (a.)

drum deluded

+ R0 rū hi� (f.)

well-known

meaning

1

2

Page 36: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

31

(a

(i

(u

1��0 a�u� (m.)

atom

P ��0 $I� �� � guna� pūr�am (m.) (n.)

quality fullness

�K�� �G�� t ��ā vī�ā (f.) (f.)

thirst a musical instrument

$� �0 ��; �0 pā�i� vāru�i� (m.) (m.)

hand name of a sage

1

3

2

Page 37: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

32

ta

ti

��$0 ��*� tāpa� tārakā (m.) (f.)

heat star

� �e� � �0 titik�ā timira� (f.) (m.)

endurance darkness

�G� � �G2 �� � tīram tīrtham (n.) (n.)

shore holy place

1 2

3

�f� � �*� 0 tattvam tarka� (n.) (m.)

truth logic

Page 38: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

33

tu

t�

t

� �F� � �X tulā tu��a (f.) (a.)

balance pleased

�I�G� � �I� �� � tū'(īm tūr(am (ind.) (ind.)

silently quickly

�K�� � �K�G t�(am t�tīya (n.) (a.)

grass third

Page 39: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

34

te

tai

to

tau

�!�0 � !�#� teja� tejomaya (n.) (a.)

light brilliant

� LF� � 6� L?G tailam hitai'ī (n.) (m.)

oil well wisher

�# � � �#?0 toyam to'a� (n.) (m.)

water satisfaction

�NF� � �NM� � taulam taulyam (n.) (n.)

balance equality

Page 40: Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book · Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash

35

tha

thā

thi

thī

�2�� � ू2� mathanam prathama (n.) (a.)

churning first

�2� 1�J� tathā avasthā (ind.) (f.)

in that state

manner

� 20 1 � 20 tithi� atithi� (m.) (m.)

lunar day guest

12g �� �2g arthī caturthī (m.) (f.)

one who fourth

desires

1 2

3

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36

thu

thū

the

thai

�2 ��� � � !$2 �0 mithunam vepathu (n.) (m.)

pair trembling

JIF sthūla (a.)

gross

J!��

sthemā (m.) firmness

JL �� �

sthairyam (n.) stability

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37

tho

thau

da

12#

atho (ind.) now

JNM� � sthaulyam (n.) bulkiness

��� � � daśama dayā (a.) (f.)

tenth compassion

���� � ��; dānam dāru (n.) (n.)

giving wood

1

2

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38

di

du

��� � �� � dinam diś (n.) (f.)

day direction

�G$0 �GS � dīpa� dīrgha (m.) (a.)

lamp long

h � hP� � durita durgā (a.) (f.)

discomfort name of a goddess

i� � i?�� � dūram dū'a(am (ind.) (n.)

far blemish

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39

d�

de

do

dau

j$� j�0 d�pā d�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion

jR j X0 d�+ha d�'&i� (a.) (f.)

firm vision

�#?0 �#6�� � do'a� dohanam (m.) (n.)

fault milking

�N�� �k � � �N 6ऽ0 daurbhāgyam dauhitra (n.) (m.)

ill-luck daughter’s son

�!��� �!60 devatā deha� (f.) (m.)

god body

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40

dha

dha

dhi

dhī

1 3

2 ��� � �� �0 dhanam dharma� (n.) (m.)

wealth duty

��� ��Y� � dhārā dhānyam (f.) (n.)

stream grain

�G0 �G dhī� dhīra (f.) (a.)

intellect intelligent

� �0 9$� �0 vidhi� upādhi� (m.) (m.)

order condition

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41

dhu

dhū

dh�

dh

�K �0 1��K� dh ti� avadh ta (f.) (a.)

firmness determined

1� ��� ��� � adhunā sādhu (ind.) (a.)

now excellent

�I$0 �I�0 dhūpa� dhūma� (m.) (m.)

incense smoke

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42

dhe

dhai

dho

dhau

1�#� �O adhomukha (a.)

facing downward

�N� dhauta (a.)

washed

� L �� � dhairyam (n.)

courage

�!� �0 dhenu� (f.)

cow

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43

na

ni

��0 ��0 nama� nabha� (ind.) (n.)

salutation sky

��H*0 ��P0 nā�aka� nāga� (m.) (m.)

actor cobra

� �0 ��� niyama� niśā (m.) (f.)

regulation night

�GF �GW� � nīla nī am (a.) (n.)

blue nest

2

3

1

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44

nu

n�

n

�� �0 ��� � dhanu� jānu (n.) (n.)

bow knee

�I�� �I�� � nūtana nūnam (a.) (ind.)

new surely

�K$� �K�0 n�pā n�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion

�K$0 �Kl� � n�pa� n�tyam (m.) (n.)

king dance

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45

ne

nai

no

nau

� L� P �* � L� !,� � naisargika naivedyam (a.) (n.)

natural offering

�N0 �N*� nau� naukā

(f.) (f.)

boat boat

� !ऽ� � � !�� netram netā (n.) (m.)

eye leader

�# no

(ind.)

no

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46

pa

pi

$�� � $� padam parama (n.) (a.)

foot best

$�F0 $�b0 pāla� pā�ha� (m.) (m.)

protector study

$$��� $�� pipāsā pitā (f.) (m.)

thirst father

$G� $GW� pīta pī ā (a.) (f.)

yellow pain

1 2

3

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47

pu

p�

pe

$ ��0 $ �c � � puna� pu�yam (ind.) (n.)

again result of righteous action

$I�� $I� �� � pūjā pūrvam (f.) (ind.)

worship before

$K 2�G $KC�0 p�thivī p���hata (f.) (ind.)

earth behind

$ ! � � $ !?�� � peyam pe'a(am (n.) (n.)

drink grinding

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48

po

pau

pha

phi

$#?�� � 1$#6�� � po�a�am apohanam (n.) (n.)

nourishing forgetfulness

$Nऽ0 $N;? ! pautra� pauru'eya (m.) (a.)

grandson made by man

mF� � mn� phalam phalgu (n.) (a.)

fruit useless

1 2

4

3

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49

phu

phe

ba

m�o phulla (a.)

open

m! �0

phe�a� (m.) foam

p 60 pF� � bahi� balam (ind.) (n.)

outside power

p�F0 p�q0 bāla� bāhu� (m.) (m.)

boy arm

2

4

1

3

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50

bi

bu

p0 pr0 bimba� bindu� (m.) (m.)

image drop

pG�� � bījam (n.)

seed

p � /0 p �� �e �0 buddhi bubhuk�u (f.) (m.)

intellect one who is hungry

��IF� � tāmbūlam (n.)

betel leaf

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51

b�

be

bo

bau

pK$� pK�0 b�pā b�'(a� (f.) (m.)

compassion

pK6� � b�hat (a.)

big

*�p !0 kubera� (m.)

name of a devatā

p#��� � bodhanam (n.)

knowledge

pN/0 bauddha (m.)

buddhist

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52

bha

bha

bhi

bhī

1

3

2 ���� � ��0 bhajanam bhava� (n.) (m.)

worship being

��?� ���0 bhā�ā bhārata� (f.) (m.)

language India

�G �0 �G?� bhīti� bhī�ā (f.) (f.)

fear fear

�e� �� bhik�ā bhinna (f.) (a.)

taking of different alms

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53

bhu

bhū

bh�

bh

� � s0 � ��P0 bhukti� bhujaga� (f.) (m.)

enjoyment snake

�I0 �I� bhū� bhūta (f.) (a.)

earth past

�KP �0 �K�� � bh gu� bh śam (m.) (ind.)

name of a intensely sage

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54

bhe

bhai

bho

bhau

� L�G bhairavī (f.)

Durgā

�#��� � �#s� bhojanam bhoktā (n.) (m.)

food experiencer

�N �* �N� bhautika bhauma (a.) (a.)

elemental earthly

�!�0 � !�*0 bheda� bhedaka� (m.) (m.)

difference separator

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55

ma

mi

� �0 ��0 mati� mana�

(f.) (n.)

intellect mind

���� ��P �0 mātā mārga� (f.) (m.)

mother way

�ऽ� � �t� mitram mithyā

(n.) (ind.)

friend falsely

�G�0 �G����� mīna� mīmā.sā (m.) (f.)

fish analysis

2

3

1

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56

mu

m�

m

� �O0 � � �0 mukha� muni� (m.) (m.)

face wise person

�IF� � �I � �0 mūlam mūrti� (n.) (f.)

root form

�K$� �K�0 m�pā

m�'(a� (f.) (m.)

�KP0 �Kl �0 m�ga� m�tyu� (m.) (m.)

deer death

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57

me

mai

mo

mau

� Lऽ� �

maitram (n.)

friendship

�#e0 �#60 mok'a� moha� (m.) (m.)

liberation confusion

�N�� � �N F0 maunam mauli�

(n.) (m.)

silence head

�!S0 � !�� megha� medhā (m.) (f.)

cloud intellect

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58

ya

yi

�0 2� yaśa� yathā (n.) (ind.)

fame in which manner

�P0 �ऽ� yāga� yātrā (m.) (f.)

ritual journey

� L � *0 naiyāyika� (m.)

logician

�� G � Lऽ ! G māyī maitreyī (m.) (f.)

one who name of a has māyā wife of yājñavalkya

1 2

3

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59

yu

y�

ye

�P0 � �u �0 yuga� yuyutsu� (m.) (m.)

cycle of one who desir- time es to fight

I$0 I �0 yūpa� yūti� (m.) (f.)

sacrificial union post

vK /0 vy�ddhi� (f.)

decline

ू� !� prāye(a (ind.)

generally

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60

yo

yau

ra

#P0 # �0 yoga yoni (m.) (m.)

union origin

N P* N��� � yaugika yauvanam (a.) (n.)

derivative youth

�0 20 rati� ratha� (f.) (m.)

pleasure chariot

��� �P0 rājā rāga� (m.) (m.)

king passion

1

2

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61

ri

ru

$ �0 �� ripu� vāri

(m.) (n.)

enemy water

G �0 �G� � rīti� śarīram (f.) (n.)

style body

; �0 �;0 ruci� taru� (f.) (m.)

taste tree

+$� � + R0 rūpam rū+hi� (n.) (f.)

form custom

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62

r�

re

rai

ro

!O� !m0 rekhā repha� (f.) (m.)

line r-sound

L0 rai� (m.)

wealth

#P0 #�� roga� rocana (m.) (a.)

disease bright

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63

la

li

F�� F 0 latā laya� (f.) (m.)

creeper absorption

F��0 FF�H0 lābha� lalā&a� (m.) (m.)

gain forehead

FO�� � F $0 likhanam lipi� (n.) (f.)

writing script

FG� FGF� līna līlā (a.) (f.)

absorbed sport

1

2

4

3

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64

lu

le

lai

wx Ow lupta khalu (a.) (ind.)

disappeared indeed

y�� lūtā (m.)

spider

F!O� F!$�� � lekhā lepanam (f.) (n.)

line ointment

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65

lo

lau

va

F#*0 F#$0 loka� lopa�

(m.) (m.)

world disappearance

FN ** laukika (a.)

worldly

��� � ��0 vanam vaca� (n.) (n.)

forest word

��* � ���0 vāk vāda� (f.) (m.)

word discussion

1 2

3

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66

vi

v�

v

��P0 �� 0 virāga� vinaya� (m.) (m.)

dispassion modesty

�G0 �G �� � vīra� vīryam (m.) (n.)

hero strength

�K?�0 �K*0 v�'abha� v�ka� (m.) (m.)

bull wolf

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67

ve

vai

vo

vau

�!�0 �!��0 veda� vedhā� (m.) (m.)

the Veda brahmājī

� L �*0 � L��� � vaidika vaibhavam (m.) (n.)

one who greatness follows the Veda

�#R� vo+hā (m.)

porter

�N?H � vau'a& (ind.)

exclamation in offering

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68

śa

śā

śi

śī

��0 � �� � śama� śayanam (m.) (n.)

calmness sleeping

��F� ����� � śālā śāsanam (f.) (n.)

hall order

��0 �0 śiva� śira� (m.) (n.)

name of head god

�GF� � �G� śīlam śīta (n.) (a.)

character cold

1

2

4

3

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69

śu

śū

ś�

ś

��� � � �0 śubha śuci� (a.) (m.)

auspicious purity

�I �IY śūra śūnya (a.) (a.)

brave empty

zP�F0 ś gāla� (m.)

jackal

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70

śe

śai

śo

śau

�!O0 �!?0 śekhara� śe'a� (m.) (m.)

crest remaining

�Ll� � śaityam (n.)

coldness

�#*0 �#?0 śoka� śo'a�

(m.) (m.)

sorrow dryness

�N �� � śauryam (n.)

strength

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71

'a

'i

�? 0 �#?0 vi'aya� do'a� (m.) (m.)

subject fault

� �?�0 ��G?� tu'āra� manī'ā (m.) (f.)

snow desire

5 ?*� = ?0 i'ikā �'i� (f.) (m.)

bush sage

{?G*� � h�'īkam (n.)

sense organ

3 2

4

1

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72

'u

'e

'o

5? �0 �*G? ��0 i'u� cikīr'u� (m.) (m.)

arrow one who desires to do

�?I �0 �?I��� � vi'ūci� ni�ūdanam (m.) (n.)

mind one who kills

1 �? !*0 �? !�0 abhi�eka ni�edha (m.) (m.)

anointing prohibition

?#W� ?#R� 'o+aśa 'o+hā

(a.) (ind.)

sixteenth in six ways

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73

sa

si

�*K � � �j� sak�t sad�śa (ind.) (a.)

once similar

��0 ����� � sāra� sādhanam (m.) (n.)

essence means

��60 1 �0 si.ha� asi� (m.) (m.)

lion sword

�G�� ��G sītā sarasī (f.) (f.)

name of the lake wife of Rāma

1

2

4

3

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74

su

s�

se

� ��0 � �0 suta� sura� (m.) (m.)

son god

�Iऽ� � 1�I � sūtram asūyā (n.) (f.)

thread envy

�K X0 ू�K� s ��i� pras ta (f.) (a.)

creation extended

�!� �0 � !�� setu� sevā (m.) (f.)

bridge service

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75

so

sau

ha

�#�0 �#R soma� so+ha

(m.) (a.)

moon endured

�N��k � � saubhāgyam

(n.)

good fortune

�N��k � � saubhāgyam

(n.)

good fortune

6 0 6� �0 hari� hanu� (m.) (m.)

name of jaw lord

6��0 �6�0 hāsa� vihāra� (m.) (m.)

laughter sporting ground

1

2

3

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76

hi

hu

6�� � 6�� � hitam himam (n.) (n.)

welfare snow

6G� �6G hīna mahī (a.) (f.)

low earth

q�� � pq hutam bahu (n.) (a.)

oblation many

3| �0 ||0 āhūti� hūhū� (f.) (m.)

invoking name of a celestial

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77

h�

he

hai

ho

{� � � {?G*� � h dayam h �īkam (n.) (n.)

heart sense organ

6!� �0 6!�%0 hetu� hemanta� (m.) (m.)

cause winter

6#�0 6#�� homa� hotā

(m.) (m.)

fire ritual priest

6L���G 6L� �* haimavatī haituka (f.) (a.)

Pārvatī causal

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