NosoVeille Aot 2011

NosoVeille Bulletin de veille Avril 2015

NosoVeille n4

Avril 2015

Rdacteurs: Nathalie Sanlaville, Sandrine Yvars, Annie Treyve

Secrtariatde rdaction : Nathalie Vincent

Ce bulletin de veille est une publication mensuelle qui recueille les publications scientifiques publies au cours du mois coul.

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http://nosobase.chu-lyon.fr/RevuesBiblio/sommaire_biblio.html

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Abonnement / Dsabonnement

Sommaire de ce numro:

Acinetobacter baumannii

Antibiotique / Antibiorsistance

Antiseptique

Bactrimie

Chirurgie

Clostridium difficile

Ebola

EHPAD

Environnement

Epidmie

Grippe

Hpatite

Hygine des mains

Infection fongique

Infection urinaire

Lgionellose

Nonatologie

Norovirus

Personnel

Pneumonie

Prvention

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rglementation

Staphylococcus aureus

Strilisation

Surveillance

Tuberculose

Vaccination

Acinetobacter baumannii

NosoBase ID notice: 393743

Acinetobacter baumannii producteurs de biofilm multirsistant aux antibiotiques : un dfi mergent

Badave GK; Dhananjay K. Biofilm producing multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging challenge. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 2015/01; 9(1): 8-10.

Mots-cls: ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; MULTIRESISTANCE; BIOFILM

Aim: To study the quantitative method for biofilm formation and examine the correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Materials and methods: A total of 72 A. baumannii isolates from different clinical specimens were processed and confirmed by conventional microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using six antibiotics. Biofilm formation was studied by microtitre plate assay.

Results: Forty five (62.5%) of 72 isolates produced biofilm. Resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam was least. 36.1% isolates were resistant to imipenem, 66.6% to ceftazidime, 72.2% to ciprofloxacin, 80.5% to amikacin and 84.7% to piperacillin. Biofilm formers showed greater resistance to ampicillin- sulbactam, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime as compared to imipenem and piperacillin. In all 65 (90.3%) isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Correlation between multidrug resistance and biofilm formation was analysed statistically and p-value was found to be significant (p-value =0.0004; p-value 6 log10 reduction in C. difficile spores placed on carriers, and that aerosolized hydrogen peroxide systems (from 5% to 6% hydrogen peroxide) achieve ~4 log10 reduction, whereas UV-based methods achieve ~2 log10 reduction. Very few studies have assessed the impact of these devices on the transmission of C. difficile. Major limitations of these devices include the fact that they can only be used after the patient's discharge, because patients and staff must be removed from the room. The new no-touch methods for room disinfection supplement, but do not replace, daily cleaning.

NosoBase ID notice: 394302

Rduction de la contamination environnementale Clostridium difficile par des patients traits par fidaxomicine

Biswas J; Patel S; Otter A; Wade JA; Newsholme P; van Kleef W; et al. Reduction in Clostridium difficile environmental contamination by hospitalized patients treated with fidaxomicin. The journal of hospital infection 2015/02/09; in pres: 1-4.

Mots-cls: CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PREVENTION; ENVIRONNEMENT; CONTAMINATION; ANTIBIOTIQUE; SPORICIDIE; SURFACE

Fidaxomicin is sporicidal and may be associated with a reduced time to resolution of diarrhoea when used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). This study investigated whether fidaxomicin for treatment of all patients with CDI reduced C. difficile environmental contamination. Surfaces in the rooms of 66 hospitalized patients treated with metronidazole and/or vancomycin and 68 hospitalized patients treated with fidaxomicin were sampled. Patients treated with fidaxomicin were less likely to contaminate their environment (25/68, 36.8%) than patients treated with metronidazole and/or vancomycin (38/66 57.6%) (P=0.02). Treatment with fidaxomicin was associated with reduced environmental contamination with C. difficile.

NosoBase ID notice: 393274

Gravit des infections Clostridium difficile et volution clinique des patients infects par la souche NAP1/BI/027 hors cadre pidmique

Scardina T; Labuszewski L; Pacheco SM; Adams W; Schreckenberger P; Johnson S. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) severity and outcome among patients infected with the NAP1/BI/027 strain in a non-epidemic setting. Infection control and hospital epidemiology 2015/03; 36(3): 280-286.

Mots-cls: CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; INFECTION; GRAVITE; PCR; AGE; GERIATRIE; FACTEUR DE RISQUE; TRAITEMENT

Objective: Determine whether the NAP1 strain identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based stool assay is correlated with CDI severity and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Medical records of adult patients with positive stool Xpert Clostridium difficile PCR assay for an initial episode of CDI between January 2012 and January 2013 at a tertiary care hospital in Chicago were reviewed. Two patients diagnosed with CDI caused by a non-NAP1 strain (positive Xpert C. difficile assay but negative Xpert C. difficile Epi assay) were included for each patient diagnosed with CDI caused by a NAP1 strain (positive Epi assay). Patient charts were reviewed for markers of severity, risk factors, treatment regimens, and outcomes.

Results: Of 494 stool specimens, 90 (18%) that were positive for C. difficile by PCR were positive for NAP1 strain. In total, 37 patients with CDI due to NAP1 were matched with 74 patients with CDI due to non-NAP1 strains. Multivariable model revealed individuals 65 years old were 3 times more likely to have NAP1 strain than individuals