l'intégralité de l'expertise psychologique de georges tron

5/12/2018 L'intégralité de l'expertise psychologique de Georges Tron - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lintegralite-de-lexpertise-psychologique-de-georges-tron 1/58

_GDBG^L@HS SW_ BA UG_S@HHABL[GKG FG@_FGS [_@H

Bgs tlc{ligs kg ugrtgrs harclsslqwgs

swolssgh{ wh tìrl{aobg /assasslha{/ us|cnlqwg

Lh{r`kwc{l`h

[`w{ sgiobal{ s`wrlrg å Fg`rfgs [r`h( Arcnì{|ug kw h`{aobg lhs{abbì" dlbs kg o`hhgdailbbg hì å Hgwlbb|" lb sg urìsgh{g" bg uas asswrì g{ ba cngtgbwrg arfgh{ìg" d`r{ k“wh

klubûig whltgrsl{alrg" wh {l{rg k“at`ca{ g{ whg u`sl{l`h kg ilhls{rg(

Aurîs at`lr c`hqwls å ba nwssarkg bg slîfg kg kìuw{ì gh 1<<3" lb kgtlgh{ bg ialrg kgKratglb" tlbbg kg ?> 555 naol{ah{s" atah{ k“accìkgr å ba urìslkghcg kg b“WIU

kìuar{gigh{ab(

Oabbakwrlgh" uwls oras kr`l{ kg Kìlhlqwg kg Tlbbgulh" å ba datgwr k“wh rgiahlgigh{"

lb atal{ nìrl{ì kw iar`qwlh ilhls{ìrlgb kg ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" u`r{gdgwlbbg {gcnhlqwg g{nwialhgigh{ sghslobg kìughkah{ kg s`h ilhls{rg kg {w{gbbg Grlc V`gr{n(

Cgw~ qwl bg cr`lsgh{ bg kìcrltg cìig wh nìig u`bl{lqwg iahlah{ olgh ba uar`bg"s`wrlah{" {`wm`wrs or`h}ì g{ {lrì å qwa{rg ìulhfbgs : c`wr{`ls mwsqw“å gh í{rg uard`ls

òsìqwlgw~" ª wh sìkwc{gwr º klr`h{ iíig wh cgr{alh hìorg kg dgiigs s`wtgh{n`h`rìgs k“í{rg fra{ldlìgs k“whg olsg" k“wh rgfark liugrcgu{lobgigh{ cìublcg `w" a){)`h uw klrg" k“wh drûbgigh{ ìqwlt`qwg(

[`w{ mws{g bwl rgur`cnal{)`h wh cìu`r{gigh{ s`wtgh{ naw{alh qwg b“`h urìsgh{al{s`wtgh{ cìig bg ughkah{ kg s`h cnarlsig ha{wrgb `w b“g~urgssl`h k“whg dgrig{ìasswiìg( S`h ur`dlb kg fghkrg lkìab" sa naw{g {albbg" s`h abbwrg ìbìfah{g g{ sgscrata{gs å ba i`kg bwl `h{ tabw k“í{rg cbassì uaril ª bgs ogaw~ f`ssgs º kw

f`wtgrhgigh{(Bg ?7 ial ?511" c`wu kg {`hhgrrg( Kahs bg slbbafg kg b“addalrg S{rawss)Janh qwl atal{balssì b“ùlhl`h drahæalsg gh ì{a{ kg slkìra{l`h" bg uarlslgh rìtîbg qwg kgw~ ubalh{gsu`wr narcîbgigh{ sg~wgb c`h{rg Fg`rfgs [r`h `h{ ì{ì {rahsilsgs aw uarqwg{ k“Gtr|

uar b“at`ca{ iìkla{lqwg iaè{rg C`bbark( Bg ilhls{rg gs{ accwsì k“at`lr" s`ws c`wtgr{

kg rìdbg~`b`flg .iassafg {nìraugw{lqwg kgs ulgks," ugruì{rì kg tìrl{aobgsafrgssl`hs sg~wgbbgs å b“ghc`h{rg kg kgw~ giub`|ìg iwhlcluabgs(

Whg ghqwí{g s“gs{ `wtgr{g c`hdlìg å kgw~ mwfgs k“lhs{rwc{l`h auuw|ìs u`wr sgs

lhtgs{lfa{l`hs uar bg S_UM kg Tgrsalbbgs(Cg{{g ghqwí{g" gh c`wrs ac{wgbbgigh{" k`l{ ha{wrgbbgigh{ c`hkwlrg å b“ahab|sg kg

dal{s `w kg urù`s atìrìs swscgu{lobgs k“ìcbalr gr bg k`sslgr(



Ials" swr{`w{" cìig b`rs kg {`w{g ghqwí{g crlilhgbbg" b“whg kgs qwgs{l`hs

gssgh{lgbbgs rgbîtg kg b“ahab|sg cìu`r{gigh{abg kg b“accwsì =

bgs dal{s qwl bwl s`h{ rgur`cnìs s`h{)lbs cìua{lobgs atgc s`h ur`dlb

us|cn`b`flqwg 0 S“aflssah{ k“ac{g cìils ugw{)í{rg uar aows k“aw{`rl{ì" sa c`hcgu{l`h kw

u`wt`lr u`wtal{)gbbg b“| c`hkwlrg0 Ubws fratg ghc`rg" bgs ac{gs urìswiìshg s`h{)lbs uas lhnìrgh{s aw ur`dlb us|cn`b`flqwg uar{lcwblgr t`lrg k“whg

ua{n`b`flg kg bgwr aw{gwr0

G{ k`hc" uarcg qwg b“addalrg ig{ gh scîhg Fg`rfgs [r`h kahs b“g~grclcg sgs d`hc{l`hs

u`bl{lqwgs" lb h`ws a sgiobì qw“lb dabbal{ ahab|sgr bg k`sslgr gh kìuassah{ bg s{rlc{ cakrg

kg b“addalrg" gh rals`hhah{ swr b“accwsì {gb qw“lb auuar al{ kahs {`ws bgs ac{gs kg sa tlguwoblqwg" gh akù{ah{ whg auur`cng fbòabg kw cìu`r{gigh{ kw kìuw{ì ialrg kg

Kratglb(

Aw dlb kgs rauur`cngigh{s" lb alsì kg sg rghkrg cìu{g qwg {`ws bgs ìbìigh{srìc`b{ìs c`rrò`rgh{ g{ auuaralssgh{ gh{rgr gh rìs`hhahcg : aw o`w{ kg b“ahab|sg" lbs

sgiobgh{ ig{{rg gh bwilîrg whg ugrs`hhabl{ì qwl gh{rg kahs whg ca{ìf`rlgus|cnla{rlqwg uardal{gigh{ rìugr{`rlìg = cgbbg kw ugrtgrs harclsslqwg(



L( Bg kìcbghcngigh{ kg b“addalrg = Fg`rfgs [r`h rìafl{ sgb`h whi`kg ùìra{`lrg naol{wgb

A( _ìac{l`h liiìkla{g = ª c“gs{ whg tghfgahcg ugrs`hhgbbg ºO( Ba urgilîrg ac{l`h gh kìdghsg = lb {gh{g kg sablr bgs ubalfhah{gsC( Fg`rfgs [r`h kìh`hcg wh cìub`{ u`bl{lqwgK( Iabfrì bgs ìbìigh{s å cnarfg" F( [r`h h“gh{ghk rlgh bïcngr

LL( Kgs urìcìkgh{s hìorgw~ qwl rìtîbgh{ whg ugrs`hhabl{ì{r`wobg

A( Wh uarc`wrs m`hcnì k“addalrgs kg iahluwba{l`hs gh {`ws fghrgs

O( Kgs urù`s uwoblcs t`b`h{lgrs kìrahfgah{sC( Bg rgc`wrs ua{n`b`flqwg å ba c`rrwu{l`h g{ å ba ighacgK( Bg narcîbgigh{ s|s{ìia{lqwg kg cgw~ qwl `sgh{ rìsls{grG( Bg ogs l̀h kg tl`bgr gh uwoblc bgs c`htghahcgs s`clabgsD( Kgs ahgck`{gs qwl {ìi`lfhgh{ kg s`h arr`fahcg g{ s`h ogs`lh

kg s`wilssl`h k“aw{rwl

L( Fg`rfgs [r`h = wh cas k“ìc`bg kg ugrtgrs harclsslqwg

A( Wh í{rg harclsslqwg

1, Fg`rfgs [r`h alig í{rg tw g{ kì{gs{g uassgr lhaugræw(?, Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ kahs bg kìhl3, Ba cr`|ahcg aos`bwg kahs sa swuìrl`rl{ì;, Fg`rfgs [r`h h“gs{ rgsu`hsaobg kg rlgh 7, Wh í{rg ª {r`h`cgh{rlqwg º

4, Fg`rfgs [r`h h“liaflhg uas hg uas í{rg akilrì

O( Wh í{rg iahluwba{gwr

1, Wh kìol{ `ra{`lrg n|uh`{lqwg qwl iasqwg kgs auur`~lia{l`hs kgd`hk

?, Whg {gcnhlqwg `ra{`lrg qwl rgbîtg kg ba iahluwba{l`h sgc{alrg3, Wh í{rg qwl tgw{ auuaraè{rg cìig ìhlsclgh{;, Whg dawssg giua{nlg qwl bg c`hkwl{ å ìklc{gr ba rîfbg i`rabg

7, Ba ighacg uar abbwsl`h = whg daæ`h kg dalrg cr`lrg å wh u`wt`lrlhg~ub`l{ì



C( Wh í{rg ugrtgrs

1, Whg kìtlahcg dì{lcnls{g mwsqw“å ba ugrtgrsl{ì a, Wh dì{lcnls{g cìuwbsldo, Wh dì{lcnlsig qwl s“ahab|sg cìig whg sg~wabl{ì kg

swos{l{w{l`h

?, Fg`rfgs [r`h sg cìubal{ kahs kgs ac{gs lii`raw~ `w crwgbsa, Fg`rfgs [r`h s“gdd`rcg {`wm`wrs k“ì{aoblr wh rauu`r{ kg

d`rcg us|cn`b`flqwgo, S`h i`kg ùìra{`lrg =sìkwc{l`h/s`wilssl`h/kgs{rwc{l`hc, Kahs bg c`hdbl{" lb dal{ urgwtg k“whg ghkwrahcg g{ whg

narfhg sahs ìfabk, Wh í{rg sahs ul{lì hl rg{ghwg



LL( Kìcbghcngigh{ kg b“addalrg = F( [r`h rìafl{ sgb`h whi`kg ùìra{`lrg naol{wgb

A) _ìac{l`h liiìkla{g = ª c“gs{ whg tghfgahcg ugrs`hhgbbg º

Bg qw`{lklgh Bg Uarlslgh h`ws bltrg ba urgilîrg rìac{l`h kg b“lh{ìrgssì kahs b“ar{lcbgqwl bahcg b“addalrg(

ª M“auurghks cg{{g addalrg atgc s{wuìdac{l`h kahs ba urgssg( º am`w{ah{ at`lr

ª kìc`wtgr{ kahs Bg Uarlslgh bg hì kg kgw~ ugrs`hhgs qwg m“lkgh{ldlg uardal{gigh{"

qwl `h{ kahs kgs sl{wa{l`hs klddìrgh{gs gw ialbbg å uar{lr atgc ba c`bbgc{ltl{ì qwl bgs

giub`|al{ º .g~{ral{ kg b“ar{lcbg kw Uarlslgh kw ?7 ial ?511) Ahhg~g 1,(

Cg{{g urgilîrg rìac{l`h taw{ wh {rlubg cìigh{alrg =

C“gs{ whg addlria{l`h gh {rìug b“œlb uwlsqwg å urù`s kg c`bbao`ra{rlcgs

klrgc{gs rgcrw{ìgs lh{wl{w ugrs`hag å s`h lhl{la{ltg g{ s`ws sgs `rkrgs g~urîs"lb rgba{ltg bgwrs blghs : lb uarbg kg ª ba c`bbgc{ltl{ì qwl bgs giub`|al{ º cìig slgbbgs h“ì{algh{ uas gh c`h{ac{ klrgc{ atgc bwl" s`ws gh{ghkah{ whg dawssgkls{ahcg ur`dgssl`hhgbbg( Lb ìt`qwg ª kgs ugrs`hhgs qw“lb lkgh{ldlg

uardal{gigh{ º ials sg farkg kg klrg qwg hl b“whg hl b“aw{rg hg s`h{ kgsgiub`|ìgs iwhlcluabgs ah`h|igs : cg s`h{ ogb g{ olgh u`wr bwl kgs giub`|ìskg s`h caolhg{ kg ialrg c&gs{)å)klrg kgs ugrs`hhgs auuar{ghah{ å s`h {`w{urgilgr cgrcbg iwhlcluab( C“gs{ k“albbgwrs bwl qwl bgs a klrgc{gigh{ gioawcnìgs

å s`h sgrtlcg klrgc{(

C“gs{ whg kìcbara{l`h cwrlgwsg uwlsqwg Fg`rfgs [r`h kl{ c`hhaè{rg bgs hìskgs ubalfhah{gs qwl h“`h{ u`wr{ah{ uas ghc`rg ì{ì cl{ìs g{ qwl auuaralssgh{ kgk`s atgc kgs urìhìs k“giurwh{(

C“gs{ swr{`w{ whg rìac{l`h qwl rgcîbg whg urgilîrg c`h{raklc{l`h h`{aobg :cìigh{ I( [r`h ugw{)lb sg klrg ª s{wuìdal{ º kg cg{{g h`wtgbbg g{ gh iíig{gius addlrigr at`lr urìuarì wh k`sslgr rgsugc{ld c`h{rg cgs ugrs`hhgs(Tlghkral{)lb å b“lkìg kg qwgbqw“wh qwl h“a rlgh å rgk`w{gr kg c`hs{l{wgr

urìtgh{ltgigh{ wh k`sslgr 0



Dacg å kgs accwsa{l`hs kg narcîbgigh{ qwg bg ur`cwrgwr rgqwabldla liiìkla{gigh{gh ª afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg g{ tl b̀ º" Fg`rfgs [r`h ìt`qwg gh {`w{ urgilgr blgw ª whgtghfgahcg ugrs`hhgbbg º cìig gh {ìi`lfhg wh ar{lcbg uwoblì uar bg m`wrhab Gbbg qwlc`hcbw{ uar cg{{g kìcbara{l`h kg Fg`rfgs [r`h = ª Kahs bgs kgw~ cas" m“al kgs

ìbìigh{s kìi`h{rah{ qwg bgwr kìiarcng gs{ lhsulrì uar whg tghfgahcg

ugrs`hhgbbg( º .ahhg~g ?,

Fg`rfgs [r`h auuwlg s`h `ddghsltg iìkla{lqwg c`h{rg bgs ubalfhah{gs uar cgqw“lb auugbbg ª wh k`sslgr º : alhsl" lb accwsgra Iig Gta B`worlgw kg t`b kahs whgaddalrg qwl" tìrldlca{l`h dal{g" sg rìtîbgra cbassìg sahs swl{g : lb dal{ ìfabgigh{ ì{a{ swrGwrùg 1 k“whg s`lrìg arr`sìg gh ialrlg kg Kratglb `ü lb accwsg Iig Tlrflhlg Daw~k“at`lr gw wh cìu`r{gigh{ qw“lb qwabldlg ª k“lhc`htghah{( º Iabfrì sgs lhcgssah{gsurìgssgs kg rìtìba{l`hs" maials lb hg uw{ d`wrhlr bg i`lhkrg k`sslgr å b“auuwl kg sgs

abbìfa{l`hs c`h{rg bgs ubalfhah{gs(

O( Ba urgilîrg ac{l`h gh kìdghsg= lb {gh{g kg sablr bgs ubalfhah{gs

[rîs cbalrgigh{" ba urgilîrg blfhg kg kìdghsg dw{ k“ùu`sgr ba h`{aolbl{ì kgb“accwsì å ba urì{ghkwg lii`rabl{ì kgs ubalfhah{gs( Swr {`w{gs bgs cnaèhgs kg{ìbìtlsl`h" bgs {ìbìsugc{a{gwrs kìc`wtrgh{ b“at`ca{ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h" Iaè{rg Scnhgro"

atacnl kahs wh cahauì ba {í{g auuw|ìg swr whg ialh" dglfhah{ ba kìc`h{rac{l`h t`lrgba kìslht`b{wrg" addlrigr gh swos{ahcg qwg s`h cblgh{ h“ì{al{ uas c`wuaobg uwlsqwg bg

kìoa{ ùu`sal{ kgw~ ugrs`hhgs kg i`rabl{ì k`w{gwsgs c`h{rg wh ilhls{rg aw kgsswskg {`w{ s`wuæ`h(

Kahs b“ùlhl`h" cg{{g ùìra{l`h kg cìiwhlca{l`h" gh gbbg)iíig ìilhgiigh{ìb`qwgh{g" sgra å mws{g {l{rg lh{grurì{ìg cìig whg ilsìraobg {gh{a{ltg kg sablr bgsubalfhah{gs g{ sg rìtîbgra assg} c`h{rg ugrd`riah{g( Ab`rs qwg {`w{g ba urgssgrgsugc{a gh iíig {gius qwg ba urìsìu{l`h k“lhh`cghcg ba urìsìu{l`h kg

slhcìrl{ì kgs ubalfhah{gs" lb hg s“gs{ {r`wtì qwg b“G~urgss(dr s`ws ba slfha{wrg k“wh

s{aflalrg" u`wr rgba|gr cg{{g a{{glh{g iahldgs{g å b“n`hhgwr kg u`{gh{lgbbgs tlc{ligs(

Uarcg qwg h`ws hg sìigs uas aw~ G{a{s)Whls `ü lb taw{ ilgw~ í{rg crlilhgbqwg igh{gwr" b“ùlhl`h uwoblqwg drahæalsg kls{lhfwg olgh bgs ìtgh{wgbbgs {wrul{wkgskgs tlc{ligs .gh b“`ccwrrghcg hwbbgigh{ atìrìgs, g{ ba ia{ìrlabl{ì kgs dal{s kg

narcîbgigh{ `w k“afrgssl`h( Gh cbalr" ab`rs qw“@w{rg)A{bah{lqwg" lb swddl{ kg cn`lslr `wkg sablr sa tlc{lig u`wr orlsgr ba ur`cìkwrg kg u`wrswl{g" gh Drahcg bgs daw{gs kg batlc{lig h“aw{`rlsgh{ `w h“g~cwsgh{ hl bg narcîbgigh{ sg~wgb" hl bg tl`b(

Iabfrì b“lhùu`r{whl{ì iìkla{lqwg k“wh {gb s|s{îig kg kìdghsg " {|ug ahhìgs45" bg {ahkgi [r`h/Scnhgro" h`{aiigh{ kahs bg c`h{g~{g bìfl{ligigh{ o`wlbb`hhah{kg b“addalrg S{rawss)Janh" c`h{lhwgra kahs cg{{g t`lg ughkah{ ubwslgwrs i`ls(

Kahs cg{{g lh{gh{l̀ h kg hwlrg" ba urì{ghkwg addalrg kg t`b k“Gta B`worlgw~ rgdl{s`h auuarl{l`h gh kìcgiorg ?511 atgc whg cwrlgwsg g~nwia{l`h mwklclalrg kwk`sslgr uar ba ur`cwrgwrg k“Gtr| : kahs cg{{g cwrlgwsg addalrg qwl dal{ s“lh{grr`fgr swr



b“lhkìughkahcg kg ba mws{lcg" ba iafls{ra{g crw iíig u`wt`lr abbgr iíig mwsqw“å

sgrtlr k“a{{acnìg kg urgssg å cg{{g oassg ùìra{l`h qwg sgs lhs{lfa{gwrs atalgh{ahh`hcì å ba urgssg ubwslgwrs m`wrs atah{( Cg{{g oassg {gh{a{ltg kg crlilhablsa{l`hk“whg ubalfhah{g kahs whg addalrg kg tl`b at`r{a g{ ba farkg å twg kahs cg k`sslgrcbassì hg uw{ at`lr blgw( Whg urgilîrg iahluwba{l`h atal{ ìcn`wì(

Fbòabgigh{ b“ìcngc kg cg{{g blfhg kg kìdghsg c`hkwlsl{ Fg`rfgs [r`h g{ s`h

c`hsglb å i`kldlgr raulkgigh{ bgwr a~g k“g~ublca{l`h( C“gs{ ab`rs qwg s“ìcnawka ba {nì`rlg kw ª cìub`{ u`bl{lqwg( º

C( Fg`rfgs [r`h kìh`hcg wh cìub`{ u`bl{lqwg

Kahs ba ugrsugc{ltg kg rabblgr kgs s`w{lghs uatb`tlghs kgs ª ah{l)dr`h{ º g{u`wr kì{`wrhgr wh {`rrgh{ iìkla{lqwg k`h{ lb h“atal{ tlslobgigh{ uas urìtw b“aiubgwr "Fg`rfgs [r`h accwsa Iarlhg Bg Ugh uwls ba dailbbg bg Ugh" kìlclblìg swr Kratglb"k“í{rg bgs ̀ rfahlsa{gwr s k“whg caoabg u`bl{lqwg u`wr b“aoa{{rg(

Kìmå kahs whg urìcìkgh{g addalrg kl{g ª kw c`h{ra{ alkì kg sa ogbbg sœwr ºrìtìbì uar wh ar{lcbg kg _wg >< .ahhg~g 3," lb atal{ kìmå w{lblsì b“g~cwsg kw ª cìub`{Bg Ugh º u`wr kì{`wrhgr wh {lr iìkla{lqwg(

Ab`rs qwg bgs dal{s ì{algh{ atìrìs" qw“lbs rìtìbalgh{ wh u`sslobg c`hdbl{ k“lh{ìrí{

g{ qw“lbs kìh`{algh{ kg ba uar{ kw sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{ k“whg aosghcg k“ì{nlqwg gh

ia{lîrg k“gioawcng kahs kgs giub`ls uwoblcs alkìs" bg scahkabg sg {assa( Awfws{lh

Scabogr{" b“aw{gwr kg b“ar{lcbg gw{ ogaw lhklqwgr qwg bgs Bg Ugh h“ì{algh{ u`wr rlghkahs sgs s`wrcgs" bg bgwrrg atal{ d`hc{l`hhì

@h cìurghk kahs cgs c`hkl{l`hs" qwg d`r{ kg cg{{g urgilîrg g~uìrlghcgFg`rfgs [r`h al{ ughsì rììkl{gr bg ur`cìkì(

A b“auuwl kg sa {nîsg" lb lht`qwa gh urgilgr ºwh c`h{gh{lgw~ urltì atgc badailbbg Bg Ugh .t`lr ar{lcbg kg ?5 Ilhw{gs ) ahhg~g ;, g{ ª wh c`hdbl{ ugrs`hhgb atgcIarlhg Bg Ugh º gh s“giurgssah{ kg kìcbargr å ba urgssg=

ªM&òsgrtg qwg cgba tlgh{ kg Iaè{rg Flbogr{ C`bbark" qwl gs{ wh ur`cng kg Iarlhg Bg Ugh"

atgc baqwgbbg mg swls gh c`hdbl{ kguwls kgs i`ls º(

Cg{{g salbblg accwsa{`lrg i`h{rg qwg Fg`rfgs [r`h h“gs{ uas sliubgigh{ wh{nì`rlclgh kw cìub`{ ials {gh{g liiìkla{gigh{ kg m`wgr kgs auuarghcgs uar kgsighs`hfgs ìn`h{ìs( Cgr{gs sl Iaè{rg C`bbark hg dal{ uas i|s{îrg kg s`h ail{lì u`wrIarlhg Bg Ugh qw“lb s`w{lgh{ aw~ urìslkgh{lgbbgs sahs í{rg bwl iíig igiorg kw DH" lbgs{ wh ur`dgssl`hhgb rìuw{ì g{ iìkla{lqwg" c`wrafgw~ g{ naol{wì aw~ k`sslgrsorúbah{s( Lb daw{ urìclsgr qwg c“gs{ Tlrflhlg Daw~" b“whg kgs ubalfhah{gs" qwl b“ac`h{ac{ì uar gbbg)iíig aurîs at`lr bw s`h bltrg : ab`rs qw“gbbg s“ì{al{ ngwr{ìg aw rgdwsatìrì k“aw{rgs at`ca{s kg ubalkgr c`h{rg wh ilhls{rg" gbbg a kìclkì kg cn`lslr what`ca{ cauaobg kg iìkla{lsgr b“addalrg u`wr ìtl{gr qw“gbbg hg s`l{ ì{`wddìg(

Aurîs sgs kìcbara{l`hs" Fg`rfgs [r`h hg uw d`wrhlr awcwh ìbìigh{ k “wh

qwgbc`hqwg ª c`h{gh{lgw~ urltì º atgc ba dailbbg Bg Ugh qw“lb atal{ lht`qwì å b“auuwl

kg sa {nîsg( Qwah{ å iarlhg Bg Ugh Iarlhg Bg Ugh" gbbg" a{{grrl{ kahs wh k`sslgr kg



tl`bs qw“gbbg hg c`hhal{ qwg uar ba urgssg : gbbg sg t`l{ ilsg gh cawsgugrs`hhgbbgigh{ uar wh nìig qwl h“gs{ u`wr gbbg qw“wh òscwr u`bl{lclgh WIU" whs`ws sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{ ah`h|ig" k`h{ gbbg lfh`rg cìig ba ubwuar{ kgs Drahæals

mwsqw“å b“g~ls{ghcg( Ba urìslkgh{g kw Dr`h{ Ha{l`hab rìublqwa k`hc uar whg ubalh{g ghklddaia{l`h å baqwgbbg Fg`rfgs [r`h kgtra dalrg dacg gh iarfg kg sgs urgilgrsghhwls mwklclalrgs(

Kahs sa kìdghsg" Fg`rfgs [r`h ig{ awssl gh cawsg ba dailbbg kg Unlbluug@bltlgr" ìu`w~ kg Iarlg Car b̀lhg Bg Ugh accwsì k“aflr aw i`{ld k“wh ª c`h{gh{lgw~liiòlblgr º qw“lb | awral{ gh{rg gw~(

Ba dailbbg @bltlgr qwl tl{ å Kratglb kguwls 37 ahs h“a ìtlkgigh{ awcwh

c`h{gh{lgw~ liiòlblgr hl atgc I( [r`h hl k“albbgwrs atgc ugrs`hhg( [`w{ aw ubws"cg{{g tlglbbg dailbbg kratglbb`lsg rg{lrìg kg {`w{g ac{l`h u`bl{lqwg g{ qwl h“gs{ uas

igiorg kw Dr`h{ ha{l`hab" sg o`rhg cìig rltgralhs kw qwar{lgr kg Cnaiur`sa| ås“ùu`sgr å wh ur`mg{ liiòlblgr kg c`hs{rwc{l`hs k“whg cl{ì kg ;55 b`fgigh{s kahsba d`rí{ kg Sìhar{(

A b“auuwl kg cg{{g {nîsg kw ª cìub`{ º u`bl{lqwg qw“lb ìcnadawkal{ kg {`w{g

ulîcg" lb dl{ {rahsig{{rg gh mwlh ?511 å {`w{g ba urgssg whg oahkg ghrgfls{rìg sghsìga{{gs{gr kg b“lh{grtgh{l`h kw Dr`h{ Ha{l`hab kahs sgs ghhwls mwklclal rgs( Cg{{g iíigoahkg dw{ ght`|ìg ah`h|igigh{ aw S_UM kg Tgrsalbbgs cnarfì kg b“ghqwí{g(

Ba urgilîrg qwgs{l`h qwl tlgh{ å b“gsurl{ gs{ u`wrqw`l wh lhh`cgh{ ghtgrr al{)lbah`h|igigh{ kgs urgwtgs å ba u`blcg 0 A b“ìtlkghcg cg h“gs{ uas bå whg ur`cìkwrgwswgbbg u`wr qwgbqw“wh qwl h“awral{ rlgh å cacngr swr ba ur`tghahcg g{ bgs c`hkl{l`hs

k“ò{gh{l`h kgs ìbìigh{s d`wrhls(

Lb awra dabbw ubwslgwrs i`ls u`wr qwg cg{{g h`wtgbbg iahluwba{l`h s`l{{`{abgigh{ kìiasqwìg( Bg Uarlslgh rìtìba gh gddg{ gh kìcgiorg ?511 .ahhg~g 7,qwg cg urì{ghkw ª {ìi`lfhafg º" kg swrcr`è{ h`h uròah{ sgb`h bgs ghqwí{gwrs gw~iíigs" awral{ gh rìabl{ì ì{ì hìf`clì g{ i`hha|ì ?55 555 gwr`s uar bg {ahkgi [r`h / Scnhgro å kgw~ gscr`cs c`h{rg whg lh{grtgh{l`h dlscabg kw kìuw{ì awurîs kw ilhls{rgUlgrrg Bgbb`wcng( Kahs cg{{g ùìra{l`h" lb s“aflssal{ u`wr bg tl`bgwr urìswiì g{ s`hc`hsglb" cìig b“a ìcrl{ bg m`wrhabls{g ghqwí{gwr " kg kìs{aolblsgr b“whg kgs

ubalfhah{gs(

Gh b“gsuîcg" sa iahlg kg ba iahluwba{l`h k`h{ `h tgrra kg iwb{lubgs g~giubgscl)kgss`ws" ì{al{ u`wssìg å s`h uar`~|sig" mwsqw“å b“lhc`hsclghcg uwrg uwlsqwg"s`ws c`h{rûbg mwklclalrg" kg {gbbgs iahlfahcgs s`h{ kg ha{wrg å mws{ldlgr s`hlhcarcìra{l`h liiìkla{g( [nìas H" b“wh kgs kgw~ tghkgwrs at`wa at`lr afl ª uarnalhg kw Dr`h{ ha{l`hab º(

Gh kgn`rs iíig kg ba u`{gh{lgbbg tl`ba{l`h kg s`h c`h{rûbg mwklclalrg" cg{{gaddalrg kahs b“addalrg ìcr`wbg bg uaratgh{ arfwigh{alrg swr wh urì{ghkw cìub`{u`bl{lqwg qw“lb a cngrcnì å ig{{rg gh scîhg( U`wr bgs òsgrta{gwrs" gbbg ìc`rhg" gh`w{rg" ba urìsìu{l`h k“lhh`cghcg gh lhtl{ah{ å s“lh{grr`fgr = ª u`wrqw`l wh swsugc{awral{)lb ogs`lh k“wsgr kg ba swo`rha{l`h kg {ìi`lhs u`wr {gh{gr k“ì{aoblr s`hlhh`cghcg0 º



[`wm`wrs gs{)lb qwg bgs awkl{l`hs cìig bgs ìbìigh{s ia{ìrlgbs rgcwglbbls kahsbg cakrg kg b“lhs{rwc{l`h crlilhgbbg `h{ ugrils aw~ ghqwí{gwrs k“ìcar{gr {rîs

raulkgigh{ cg{{g {nîsg kw cìub`{ kw Dr`h{ ha{l`hab(

K( Iabfrì bgs ìbìigh{s å cnarfg" F( [r`h h“gh{ghk rlgh bïcngr

Kahs cg{{g addalrg" Fg`rfgs [r`h hg sg c`h{gh{g uas sgwbgigh{ kg hlgr bgs

dal{s : lb hlg ba rìabl{ì g{ dal{ ìcrlrg whg bg{{rg kg s`w{lgh kahs baqwgbbg lb dal{ qwabldlgr kgsaccwsa{l`hs kg tl`bs cìig ª kgs igsqwlhgrlgs k`h{ lbs sgral{ b“òmg{ .bg{{rg ìcrl{g uar

Fg`rfgs [r`h g{ slfhìg kg Cùì – Kìcgiorg ?511, . ahhg~g 4, : lb hlg ghdlh bgsìtlkghcgs g{ bgs dal{s ì{aobls cìig bgs rauu`r{s g~{rac`hmwfaw~ qw“lb gh{rg{lgh{ kg

iahlîrg qwasl h`{̀ lrg kahs ba tlbbg atgc cgbbgs qwg ba rwigwr hìig bgsª Uìuak`wr º(

Uarcg qw“lb gs{ kg s`h carac{îrg kg s“accr`cngr c`ú{g qwg c`ú{g aw r`cngr" kgcr`lrg qwg s`h fìhlg bg s`r{lra k“addalrg" Fg`rfgs [r`h" gh ubglhg {`wrigh{g

iìkla{lqwg k`h{ –lb h“atal{ uas igswrì b“aiubgwr" c`h{lhwg kg u`r{gr ogaw(G{ uwls" cìig s“lb gh atal{ farkì b“lhl{la{ltg `w b“aw{`rl{ì kg kìclkgr" lb crw

u`wrt`lr kìcbargr å urù`s kg s`h u`s{g f`wtgrhgigh{ab qw“lb hg kìilssl`hhgral{ uas

sawd ª sl bg Urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg bg bwl kgiahkal{ º( .ahhg~g 6,( Gh naw{ blgw"cg{{g oratakg kg {rù g~asuìrï{ ubws qw“gbbg hg c`htalhqwl{ g{ lb dw{ urgs{gigh{

bli`fì(

Atgc ba t`b`h{ì addlriìg kg ª hg rlgh bïcngr º .slc," lb qwl{{a bg f`wtgrhgigh{h`h s“gh s“í{rg dghkw k“whg bg{{rg qwl lhklqwal{ g~urgssìigh{ s`h lh{gh{l`h kg rgs{gr

kahs ª sa º ialrlg kg Kratglb" whg urù`sl{l`h gh d`rig kg kgab aw Urìslkgh{ kg ba_ìuwoblqwg .t`lr bg{{rg kg kìilssl`h g{ ar{lcbg kw I`hkg ahhg~g >,( M“accgu{g kg

kìilssl`hhgr kw f`wtgrhgigh{ sahs aw{rg nls{`lrg å c`hkl{l`h qwg bg s|s{îig igialh{lghhg kahs i`h dlgd(

Sl{wa{l`h slhfwblîrg kw swsugc{ qwl gs{ ialh{ghw swr bgs blgw~ kg s`h crlig atgcu`sslolbl{ì kg urgssl`h swr bgs {ìi`lhs" Fg`rfgs [r`h rgs{ï{ k`hc ialrg g{ rg{r`wtaugw aurîs" kg iahlîrg aw{ìa{lqwg" s`h slîfg kg kìuw{ì kg ba < îigclrc`hscrlu{l`h kg b“Gss`hhg(

Kìuw{ì å 5n55" lb ugrkl{ s`h liiwhl{ì uarbgigh{alrg uar kìclsl`h kw Owrgawkg b“Assgiobìg ha{l`habg å >n55 kw ia{lh(

Cnacwh sal{ ba cìubg~l{ì kg cg {|ug k“addalrg k`h{ b“aosghcg k“ìbìigh{s

ia{ìrlgbs rghk klddlclbg b“ì{aoblssgigh{ kg ba tìrl{ì( @h bg t`l{" bgs urgilgrs ìbìigh{skg ba kìdghsg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h {ranlssgh{ kìmå sa ugrs`hhabl{ì = swddlsahcg"ighs`hfg" iahluwba{l`h" kìhl" uarah`àa"․ Ials qw“gh gs{)lb kg sa tlg g{ h`{aiigh{sa tlg uwoblqwg atah{ b“addalrg 0 Kìh`{al{)gbbg awssl k“wh cìu`r{gigh{

rìtìba{gwr k“whg ugrs`hhabl{ì {r`wobg0 Kg {`w{g ìtlkghcg" c“gs{ bg cas !



LL( Kgs urìcìkgh{s hìorgw~ qwl rìtîbgh{ whg ugrs`hhabl{ì{r`wobg

Ba qwgs{l`h d`hka{rlcg gs{ cbasslqwg kahs {`w{gs bgs addalrgs kg cg {|ug =ª b“accwsì gs{)lb cauaobg kgs ac{gs qw“`h bwl rgur`cng 0 º

Bgs auuarghcgs sgiobgralgh{ lhklqwgr qwg rlgh hg urìklsu`sg cg{ ìbw lhs{abbì"cg uîrg kg dailbbg" cg hìf`cla{gwr kg k`sslgr kg ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" cg{ at`ca{h`wtgbbgigh{ urìw å cg {l{rg" å kgs cìu`r{gigh{s kg t`|`w t`lrg kg crlilhgb qwgbwl urí{gh{ sgs accwsa{rlcgs(

U`wr{ah{ å rgfarkgr kg ubws urîs" å b“ahab|sg" ba rìabl{ì kw ialrg g~giubalrg"kg b“nìig u`bl{lqwg fratlssah{ uar sa tabgwr ugrs`hhgbbg wh å wh bgs ìcngb`hs kwu`wt`lr hg sgiobal{ uas awssl blssg(

A( Wh uarc`wrs m`hcnì k“addalrgs kg iahluwba{l`hs gh {`ws fghrgs

A å uglhg ubws kg clhqwah{g ahs g{ tlhf{ clhq ahs k“ac{ltl{ì u`bl{lqwg" Fg`rfgs

[r`h atal{ å kg iwb{lubgs rgurlsgs kìdra|ì ba cnr`hlqwg uar bgs addalrgs aw~qwgbbgss`h hì dw{ ass`clì = ìbw c`hsglbbgr iwhlcluab k“Ailghs" lb qwl{{a ba tlbbg å ba kgiahkgkg s`h ialrg `ddlclgbbgigh{ u`wr iìsgh{gh{g atgc s`h ialrg : gh 1<<7" å b“`ccasl`h

kgs ìbgc{l`hs bìflsba{ltgs qwl tlrgh{ s`h ìbgc{l`h cìig kìuw{ì" lb dw{ swsugc{ì k“at`lr

ghc`wrafì kgs cassgwrs swr _ls)@rahfls .ahhg~g <, : b`rs kg ba caiuafhgurìslkgh{lgbbg k“Gk`wark Oabbakwr" lb dw{ ìulhfbì u`wr at`lr ils gh scîhg whg dawssg

nls{`lrg k“aw{`s{ù kw cahklka{ swr ba cìiwhg kg Oarogh{ahg .O`wcngs kw)_nûhg, : kîs sa hìlha{l`h cìig sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" bgCahark Ghcnalhì g~nwia b“addalrg kg s`h bw~wgw~ b`fgigh{ s`clab kg c`htghahcgugrs`hhgbbg kahs bg ^T îig arr`hklssgigh{ .ahhg~g 3, : ubws rìcgiigh{" c“gs{ _wg

>< qwl rìtìba b“gioawcng {`w{ awssl cìubalsah{g kg sa ogbbg sœwr " {rîs alsìg" atgcwh c`h{ra{ alkì .CAG, kg ba tlbbg k`h{ lb gs{ ialrg . ahhg~g 15) ar{lcbg kw CaharkGhcnaèhì g{ aw{rgs s`wrcgs,(

Iíig kgtah{ bgs dal{s {`{abgigh{ ì{aobls g{ ugrs`hhgbbgigh{ accaobah{s" lbaddlcna kahs {`w{gs cgs addalrgs whg lhklfha{l`h swrm`wìg g{ atahæa" å b“auuwl kg sgsliuròaobgs kìhìfa{l`hs" kgs tgrsl`hs abìa{`lrgs g{ dlhabgigh{ ugw uròah{gs(

Gs{)cg sa h`{aolbl{ì qwl bwl ìtl{a k“at`lr å rìu`hkrg kgtah{ b“ùlhl`h `w bgs

{rlowhaw~ kg dal{s qwl awral{ tralsgiobaobgigh{ tabw kgs ghhwls å wh sliubg mws{lclaobg0



O( Kgs urù`s uwoblcs t`b`h{lgrs kìrahfgah{s

Kahs wh rgfls{rg ubws cìu`r{gigh{ab" wh h`wtgb ar{lcbg kw Cahark Ghcnaèhgkw ?1 atrlb ?515 tlh{ u`r{gr swr cg ur`dlb sahs asuìrl{ì wh ìcbalrafg wh ugw kìr`w{ah{(

Oahkg ghrgfls{rìg å b“auuwl" bg m`wrhab sa{lrlqwg rgba{al{ whg gh{rgtwg gh ialrlgatgc whg kìbìfa{l`h k“naol{ah{s .ª C`bbgc{ld kgs naol{ah{s kg Cnaiur`sa| º, åurù`s k“wh ur`mg{ liiòlblgr qwl lhqwlì{al{ wh qwar{lgr kg Kratglb(

Cg{{g rghc`h{rg balssa bgs uar{lcluah{s swr b“liurgssl`h k“wh b`hf i`h`b`fwgk“wh nìig qwl s“ìc`w{g uarbgr gh kìaiowbah{ kahs ba ulîcg kg iahlîrgkìs`rk`hhìg = Fg`rfgs [r`h" {`wr å {`wr assls uwls kgo`w{" arugh{ah{ bg owrgaw kgb`hf gh barfg" | {lh{ kgs urù`s u`wr bg i`lhs lhqwlì{ah{s= atgc bg ubws frahk sìrlgw~"lb h“nìsl{a uas å w{lblsgr whg g~urgssl`h {r`wobah{g kahs ba o`wcng k“whg ugrs`hhg

sghsìg = ª bgs i`{s qwl s`r{gh{ kg ia m`blg o`wcng º .slc,: uar albbgwrs" kgtah{ cg{{gassls{ahcg cìu`sìgs kg cl{`|ghs k`h{ kg hìorgwsgs dgiigs" lb s“lhfìhla ågiub`|gr kgs i`{s fr`sslgrs . ª lb sg cassg bg cwb º" ª uw{alh kg k`sslgr º, t`lrg`rkwrlgrs .ª `h hg ta uas sg dalrg ghdlbgr º g{c․(,( .t`lr ar{lcbg kw Cahark Ghcnaèhì)ahhg~g 11,( Bgs whs g{ bgs aw{rgs gh s`r{lrgh{ atgc whg hg{{g liurgssl`h kg iabalsg(

Assl cwrlgw~ qw“lb uwlssg uaraè{rg" cg cìu`r{gigh{" h`ws bg tgrr`hs" gs{dlhabgigh{ {`w{ å dal{ c`hc`rkah{g atgc ba ugrs`hhabl{ì g{ s“lhscrl{ {`w{ å dal{ kahs bg

ur`dlb us|cn`b`flqwg kw ugrs`hhafg(

C( Bg rgc`wrs ua{n`b`flqwg å ba c`rrwu{l`h g{ å ba ighacg

Uarabbîbgigh{ å cg hwiìr` k“wh g~nlol{l`hhlsig g{ k“whg klsc`wr{`lslg

kìubacìs" lb urù`sa aw~ tlsl{gwrs kg sg rìwhlr gh ass`cla{l`h qw“lb s“ghfafgal{

liiìkla{gigh{ å swotgh{l`hhgr( B“ghsgiobg kgs uar{lcluah{s" sliubgs cl{`|ghs sahs

a url`rl swr bgwr ialrg" hl sahs arrlîrgs ughsìgs qwgbc`hqwgs" tlrgh{ kahs cg{{giabsìah{g urù`sl{l`h whg oassg {gh{a{ltg kg c`rrwu{l`h" whg lhl{la{ltg kìrahfgah{gg{ nwilblah{g( Kg iahlîrg whahlig" lbs rgmg{îrgh{ ba urù`sl{l`h kg {ranlr bgwrsiahkah{s cìig Fg`rfgs [r`h bg bgwr urù`sal{ sahs tgrf`fhg(

Cg{{g ug{l{g sìqwghcg {ìi`lfhg å gbbg sgwbg kg b“au{l{wkg i`rabg kg Fg`rfgs

[r`h u`wr ba {ranls`h( Ugrs`hhgbbgigh{" lb b“atal{ kìi`h{rì gh {ranlssah{ Tlbbgulh u`wr

wh iar`qwlh ilhls{ìrlgb(

U`wr olgh cìurghkrg bg c`h{g~{g kg cg{{g gh{rgtwg atgc bgs cl{`|ghs kgCnaiur`sa|" lb gs{ w{lbg kg urìclsgr qwg bgs tlsl{gwrs atal{ ì{ì ils gh c`hkl{l`h =urìabaobgigh{ å cg{{g gh{rgtwg" gh gddg{" " wh u`blclgr" bg cìiahkah{ Ua{rlcjO`wrk`h .awm`wrk“nwl cìiahkah{ kg u`blcg å A{nls)I`hs," c`hhw u`wr s`hghfafgigh{ ilbl{ah{ awurîs kg Fg`rfgs [r`h g{ s`h kìt`wgigh{ atgwfbg awkìuw{ì)ialrg kg Kratglb" aflssah{ gh kgn`rs kg {`w{g ur`cìkwrg" c`ht`qwal{ awcìilssarla{ bg kliahcng k“wh b`hf vggj)ghk" sgu{ `w nwl{ igiorgs kw C`bbgc{ldu`wr bgwr arracngr uar b“lh{lilka{l`h g{ ba ighacg ª bg hì kgs ighgwrs º( Fg`rfgs



[r`h" qwah{ å bwl " s“ì{al{ oabakì kahs bg qwar{lgr c`hcgrhì u`wr cbaigr å qwl t`wbal{b“gh{ghkrg qw“lb s“auurí{al{ å ª cnï{lgr bgs ighgwrs º .slc, gh urìclsah{ gh d`rigk“atgr{lssgigh{ ª `h gs{ atgc i`l `w c`h{rg i`l º .rgslc,(

Bg ? ial ?55<" gh c`htalhqwah{ bg Urìdg{ kg sa urìklc{l`h uarah`àaqwg k“

ª whg ìigw{g kgtah{ ba ug{l{g ìc`bg urlialrg kg Cnaiur`sa| º" lb atal{ `rfahlsìkgtah{ bgs frlbbgs whg kìi`hs{ra{l`h kg u`blclgrs gh arigs g{ gh whld`rig aw ubwsfrahk augwrgigh{ kgs ghdah{s( Kahs s`h lh{gh{l`h" å b“ìtlkghcg" lb dabbal{ lh{lilkgr bgs

naol{ah{s kw qwar{lgr( D`rcg gs{ kg c`hs{a{gr qwg bgs u`wt`lrs uwoblcs urìdgc{`raw~urí{îrgh{ wh c`hc`wrs }ìbì å cg{{g iahœwtrg olgh ugw rìuwoblcalhg(

Alhsl" gh cg i`ls k“atrlb ?55<" gh b“gsuacg k“whg sgialhg" whg sliubg addalrgkg qwar{lgr bwl atal{ ugrils kg k`hhgr blorg c`wrs å sa ugrs`hhabl{ì rìgbbg g{ kg m`wgr"kahs whg ùìra{l`h kg s`wilssl`h k“wh qwar{lgr" kgs kgw~ rgss`r{s qwl kgtalgh{s“atìrgr í{rg ba oasg kg sa iì{n`kg kg d`hc{l`hhgigh{= ba ighacg g{ ba c`rrwu{l`h"bg {`w{ swr d`hk kg uarah`àa(

K( Bg narcîbgigh{ s|s{ìia{lqwg kg cgw~ qwl `sgh{ rìsls{gr

Iíig sl bgs g~giubgs kg narcîbgigh{ ugruì{rìs uar Fg`rfgs [r`h ao`hkgh{"h`ws h“gh rg{lghkr`hs qwg kgw~( K“ao`rk uarcg qwg cgw~)cl rgbîtgh{ kw kìalhguwoblc g{ kw rghsglfhgigh{ `wtgr{ g{ s`h{ å cg {l{rg k`hc uardal{gigh{ tìrldlaobgs:ghswl{g g{ swr{`w{ uarcg qw“lbs a{{gs{gh{ qwg bg rgc`wrs aw narcîbgigh{ gs{ìhlurìsgh{ kahs ba tlg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h(

1 gr g~giubg kg dal{ kg narcîbgigh{ = å b“`ccasl`h k“wh k`sslgr kg rakla{l`hk“whg giub`|ìg iwhlcluabg" c`h{gs{ìg uar ba CF[" bg ialrg kg Kratglb uwobla

swr bg sl{g kg ba ialrlg wh cìiwhlqwì k`hhah{ atgc urìclsl`h ba ka{gk“gh{rìg g{ kg {l{wbarlsa{l`h kg cg{{g d`hc{l`hhalrg" s`h hìorg k“arrí{s)iabaklg" bg klafh`s{lc kg ba iìkgclhg kw {ratalb .aw kgigwrah{ dat`raobg åb“giub`|ìg, g{ k“aw{r gs rghsglfhgigh{s c`hdlkgh{lgbs .ahhg~g 1?,( Whgura{lqwg ugw ì{nlqwg" ur`cng kw mg{ì gh uï{wrg" qwl kìh`{g whg kìiarcng qwlsg rauur`cng katah{afg kg ba urgssl`h i`rabg qwg kw iahafgigh{(

? îig g~giubg kg dal{ kg narcîbgigh{ = narcîbgigh{" lb gh dw{ qwgs{l`hìfabgigh{ kahs b“addalrg kl{g ª kg ba cìilssalrg kg u`blcg º" k`h{ bg m`wrhab bguarlslgh .ahhg~g 13, rìtìba bg narcîbgigh{ aw i`lhs ur`dgssl`hhgb `rfahlsìugrs`hhgbbgigh{ uar F( [r`h gh {ah{ qwg kìuw{ì)ialrg( Lb rgur`cnal{ å cgd`hc{l`hhalrg k`wìg k“whg rìgbbg ì{nlqwg rìuwoblcalhg kg rgdwsgr kg ig{{rg bgcìilssarla{ å s`h sgrtlcg( Gh {ah{ qwg ilhls{rg kg ba D`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" lb`rcngs{ra k`hc bg bli`fgafg kg cg naw{ d`hc{l`hhalrg dìilhlh gh u`s{g swrKratglb( Dal{ rìtìba{gwr" cg{{g kìclsl`h lhlqwg k`hha blgw å whg uì{l{l`h kgb“ghsgiobg kw ugrs`hhgb kw cìilssarla{( B“addalrg dw{ ì{`wddìg g{ ba

cìilssalrg u`wr{ah{ orlbbah{g g{ auurìclìg" gs{ awm`wrk“nwl ubacarklsìg å bad`ria{l`h ur`dgssl`hhgbbg(



@h u`wrral{ am`w{gr å cg{{g bls{g h`h g~naws{ltg kg tlc{ligs kg {gcnhlqwgs kgnarcîbgigh{ = b“addalrg kw cgh{rg nluulqwg" cgbbg kw clhìia cìig kg

hìorgw~ aw{rgs dal{s slilbalrgs k“lh{lilka{l`h g{ kg narcîbgigh{ akilhls{ra{ld{`wcnah{ kg sliubgs cl{`|ghs g{" dal{ rìtìba{gwr" swr{`w{ kgs dgiigs . IigUgbcja" Iig Fracla" Iig O`s{" ․,

G( Bg ogs l̀h kg tl`bgr gh uwoblc bgs c`htghahcgs s`clabgs

@r" kguwls b`hf{gius" bgs òsgrta{gwrs naol{wgbs kg ba tlg u`bl{lqwgkratglbb`lsg atalgh{ h`{ì kg ba uar{ kw ialrg kg Kratglb" kg iahlîrg rìuì{ìg"qwgbqwgs cìu`r{gigh{s uwoblcs cwrlgw~(

Ba sliubg urìsghcg aw c`hsglb iwhlcluab ugrig{{al{ uar g~giubg kg c`hs{a{grkgs iahqwgigh{s å ba olghsìahcg ìtlkgh{s" urgsqwg ur`t`cah{s kg swrcr`l{ tghah{k“whg ugrs`hhabl{ì `ddlclgbbg rìuw{ìg u`wr s`h ìbìfahcg = lb kìbalssg wh tgrrg g{s“aw{`rlsg å o`lrg aw f`wb {̀ kg ba o`w{glbbg aw~ sws g{ aw tw kg b“assls{ahcg" lb slfhg

`s{ghslobgigh{ kgs i`h{afhgs kg uaraungwrs kg c`wrrlgrs b`rsqwg b“ùu`sl{l`hs“g~urlig" : gh kgn`rs kg {`w{g rîfbg kì`h{`b`flqwg auublcaobg gh{rg bgs ìbws g{ bgsd`hc{l`hhalrgs" lb rîfbg uwoblqwgigh{ kgs cìu{gs atgc kgs ugrs`hhgs aosgh{gs qwls`h{ kahs b“lhcauacl{ì kg rìu`hkrg `w kg s“g~ublqwgr .g~giubg = gh sìahcg kw c`hsglbiwhlcluab" lb ur`h`hcg wh rìqwlsl{`lrg c`h{rg ba urì{ghkwg ª lhcìuì{ghcg kg bau`blcg kg Kratglb º gh ig{{ah{ gh cawsg hìiìigh{ wh `ddlclgr kg u`blcg qw“lb kìcrl{cìig h`h ur`dgssl`hhgb ( Ghdlh" lb gs{ c`w{wilgr kg cìu`r{gigh{ `w{rafgah{"tgrsg raulkgigh{ kahs b“lhtgc{ltg aw i`lhkrg urù`s c`h{raklc{`lrg k“wh

ùu`sah{․kg hìorgwsgs dgiigs {ìi`lfhgh{ ghdlh kg fgs{gs kìubacìs = dalrg kw

ulgk b`rs k“wh rguas" tghlr kìbloìrìigh{ dr`{{gr s`h oas tgh{rg c`h{rg whg dgiigughcnìg tgrs b“atah{ .{ìi`lfhafg Daolghhg S`r`bba" c`hsglbbîrg iwhlcluab kwI`kgi,(

D( Kgs ahgck`{gs qwl {ìi`lfhgh{ kg s`h arr`fahcg g{ s`h ogs`lhkg s`wilssl`h k“aw{rwl

Ubwslgwrs ahgck`{gs kg sa tlg uwoblqwg {ìi`lfhgh{ k“wh cìu`r{gigh{ u`wr bg

i`lhs cwrlgw~(

A b“assgiobìg" h`wtgaw sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{" lb atal{ ur`t`qwì b“lr`hlg fìhìrabg gh

cr`|ah{ u`wt`lr {rahsig{{rg å whg kìuw{ìg s`clabls{g wh olbbg{ bwl rgur`cnah{ bg {`h kgs`h lh{grtgh{l`h å s`h ìfark .ª mg h“al uas aliì bg {`h atgc bgqwgb t`ws t`ws í{gs

akrgssì å i`l º,( Bg ug{l{ m`wrhab kg Cahab * atal{ ralbbì cg{{g a{{l{wkglhùu`r{whìigh{ `w{rafìg u`wr bg i`lhs arr`fah{g g{ lhnaol{wgbbg kahs ba tlguarbgigh{alrg(

Whg Kratglbb`lsg naol{ah{ bg oas kg Cnaiur`sa|" rac`h{g qwg olgh qw“ì{ah{

WIU" gbbg hg t`{gra ubws Fg`rfgs [r`h( Tghwg gh ialrlg atgc sa tlglbbg iîrg gh

oìqwlbbg rg{lrgr s`h uassgu`r{" gbbg sg farg swr ba ubacg kg s{a{l`hhgigh{ kw ialrgur`cng kg b“gh{rìg kw oï{ligh{" gh rgs{ah{ aw t`bah{ urí{g å uar{lr liiìkla{gigh{ gh

cas kg ogs`lh( Ba t`l{wrg kw ialrg sg urìsgh{g" g{ F ([r`h gh s`r{( Cgbwl)cl lh{ligb“`rkrg å s`h cnawddgwr kg ob`qwgr bg tìnlcwbg farì g{" iabfrì ba urù`sl{l`h c`wr{`lsg



kg ba c`hkwc{rlcg kg kìubacgr s`h tìnlcwbg" bg ialrg auugbbg ba d`rcg uwoblqwg u`wrlhdblfgr å b“akilhls{rìg kìr`w{ìg whg aighkg kg u`blcg(

G{ sl b“naol{ hg dalsal{ uas bg i`lhg 0

Gs{)cg å klrg qwg kahs bg c`s{wig olgh c`wuì kg h`{aobg" kgrrlîrg ba o`hhgìkwca{l`h k“whg dailbbg alsìg g{ bgs s`wrlrgs kg clrc`hs{ahcg" sg cacngral{ wh nìigcauaobg kg s“addrahcnlr assg} daclbgigh{ kgs c`htghahcgs" kg o`wscwbgr uar ubalslr

`w uar kìdl bgs c`htgh{l`hs s`clabgs g{ iíig uard`ls kg d`wbgr aw~ ulgks bgs rîfbgskg b“ìbìigh{alrg c`wr{`lslg(

Sa ura{lqwg kw u`wt`lr hg balssal{)gbbg uas awfwrgr whg lhcblhals`h å aowsgr kgsurìr`fa{ltgs k`h{ lb u`wrral{)í{rg kì{gh{gwr 0 Qwg ughsgr kgs accîs k“nwigwr t`lrg

kg rafg k`h{ bg ialrg a uw" å ialh{gs rgurlsgs" k`hhgr uwoblqwgigh{ bg sugc{acbg åba i`lhkrg c`h{rarlì{ì g{ qwl s`h{ rìfwblîrgigh{ slfhabìs kahs ba urgssg! .ahhg~g 1;,

G{ sl" s`h a{{l{wkg kahs ba tlg c`h{rgklsal{ whg liafg qw“lb s“gs{ c`hs{rwl{g å uar{lrk“whg auuarghcg un|slqwg auurí{ìg: g{ sl bgs ac{gs kg sa tlg uwoblqwg {ranlssalgh{

h`h sgwbgigh{ whg c`hcgu{l`h acì{ldlìg kw u`wt`lr ials awssl g{ ubwsd`hkaigh{abgigh{ whg ugrs`hhabl{ì lhqwlì{ah{g" iabsalhg t`lrg crlilhgbbg0

LLL( Fg`rfgs [r`h = wh cas k“ìc`bg kg ugrtgrs harclsslqwg

A( Wh í{rg harclsslqwg

C“gs{ wh blgw cìiwh kg c`hs{a{gr qw“wh nìig u`bl{lqwg gs{ uar gssghcg

harclsslqwg {ah{ ba d`hc{l`h g{ bgs n`hhgwrs qwl | s`h{ a{{acnìs" a{{lrgh{ bgsugrs`hhabl{ìs qwl | s`h{ urìklsu`sìgs(

Kahs bg cas kg Fg`rfgs [r`h" bgs slfhgs kg harclsslsig s`h{ ua{gh{sg{ g~ublqwgh{ bgs a{{l{wkgs rìcwrrgh{gs kw ugrs`hhafg(

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{" kg b“atgw whahlig" wh nìig ah`riabgigh{

a{{gh{ld å s`h auuarghcg : lb | u`r{g whg a{{gh{l`h k`h{ bg hltgaw

sgiobg {rîs barfgigh{ kìuassgr ba sliubg c`qwg{{grlg `w bg kìslr kgsa{lsdalrg aw~ g~lfghcgs kg sgs d`hc{l`hs kg rgurìsgh{a{l`h =dawssgs kgh{s" cngtgbwrg rìliubah{ìg" or`h}afg aw~ WT {`w{gb“ahhìg․( Ials swr{`w{" wh nìig qwl sg iaqwlbbg" qwl s“asugrfg kg

uardwi" qwl sg bltrg å k“lhcgssah{s gddg{s kg o`wcng kgtah{ sgs

lh{grb`cw{gwrs" qwl lbbws{rg sgs ìkl{`rlaw~ kahs bg m`wrhab iwhlcluab kgun`{` kg sa ugrs`hhg gh ulgk .un`{` cl)m`lh{," qwl uarbg kg bwl å ba{r`lslîig ugrs`hhg cìig s“lb sg rgfarkal{ ìt`bwgr



Bg u`lh{ kg kìuar{ kg b“ahab|sg gs{ bg harclsslsig kw ugrs`hhafg

B“a{{l{wkg kw ogaw uarbgwr {ranl{ kgs urìklsu`sl{l`hs harclsslqwgs qwl h`ws bg

tgrr`h{" g~ublqwgh{ cng} bwl olgh kgs cìu`r{gigh{s rìcwrrgh{s qwl sg ur`dlbgh{ kgiahlîrg {rahstgrsabg=

1, ba ugwr un|slqwg c“gs{ å klrg ba ugwr k“whg a{{glh{g å sa urìclgwsg ugrs`hhg g{

s`h c`r`bbalrg cìig ba uarah`àa g{ bg ogs`lh ua{n`b`flqwg k“í{rg gh{`wrì kg

u`blclgrs u`wr sg sgh{lr gh sìcwrl{ì:?, b“n|u`c`hkrlg g{ ba nah{lsg k“í{rg c`h{ailhì qwl s“accìuafhg kg {`cs

n|flìhls{gs .cìrìi`hlab kg batafg kg ialhs" w{lblsa{l`h aowsltg kw uardwi, g{g~ublqwg sgs cìu`r{gigh{s sg~wgbs :

3, b“`rfwglb g{ sa kìrltg kg t`b`h{ì kg uwlssahcg g{ k`hc k“aoalssgigh{ t`lrg ba

s`wilssl`h kg b“aw{rg(

1, Fg`rfgs [r`h alig í{rg tw g{ kì{gs{g uassgr lhaugræw

U`wr Fg`rfgs [r`h" {`w{ {`wrhg aw{`wr kg sa ugrs`hhg( [`w{ bg i`hkg gs{ sìiìkg b“aligr g{ kg bg sgrtlr(

Gh {`w{g `ccasl`h lb k`l{ uaraè{rg g{ sg {r`wtgr aw cœwr kgs urì`ccwua{l`hs(

A Kratglb" cg{ ìbw WIU a dal{ klsuaraè{rg ba sgc{l`h kg s`h uar{l aw ur`dl{ k“whg

ass`cla{l`h lh{l{wbìg i`kgs{gigh{ = ª ass`cla{l`h kgs ails kg fg`rfgs [r`h º(

Lb gs{ uar g~giubg cauaobg" u`wr dalrg rgiarqwgr sa urìsghcg kahs whgcìrìi`hlg k“òsîqwgs k“whg ugrs`hhabl{ì kratglbb`lsg .gh b“`ccwrrghcg b“ahclgh ialrg

I( [`wrhlgr)Bassgrtg," kg kgiahkgr qw“gh ubglhg igssg k“gh{grrgigh{" qw“wh`ddlclah{ b“g~cwsg aw ilcr` u`wr s`h òblfa{l`h kg uar{lr atah{ ba dlh kg ba cìrìi`hlg(Cnacwh rgc`hhal{ra qw“gh cgs clrc`hs{ahcgs" ba olghsìahcg cìiahkal{ kgs“ìcblusgr klscrî{gigh{(

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ kg cgw~ k`h{ `h ugw{ klrg t`b`h{lgrs qw“lb s“ìc`w{g uarbgr(

Kahs s`h cas `h ugw{ am`w{gr qw“lb sg rgfarkg uarbgr {ah{ sgs gddg{s kg o`wcng `w sgsililqwgs s`h{ ì{wklìs(

Fg`rfgs [r`h sg ubal{ å i`hù`blsgr ba uar`bg" uarbgr u`wr uarbgr kahs whg s`r{gk“g~nlol{l`hhlsig `ra{`lrg : kg {`w{g ìtlkghcg lb a{{ghk qwg b“awkl{`lrg bwl r ght`lgb“liafg tab`rlsah{g qw“lb h“a ugw{)í{rg uas gwg kg s`h uîrg(

?, Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ kahs bg kìhl

[`w{ cg qwl hg ta uas kahs s`h sghs h“g~ls{g uas( Cìigh{ sg dgral{)lb qwg barìabl{ì `w bgs dal{s hg bwl òìlssgh{ uas 0

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ qwgbqw“wh qwl hatlfwg kahs wh kìhl ugriahgh{(



C“gs{ alhsl qw“lb ugw{ cbaigr aw~ tœw~ å ba uùwba{l`h kratglbb`lsg qwg ?511" b“ahhìg

kg sa ilsg gh g~aigh u`wr tl`bs" gs{ whg ª ahhìg d`rilkaobg º( Sgwbs sgs òblfìss`h{ kwugs kg sgs tlsl`hs ª n`rs s`b º qw“lb ig{ {`w{g sa d`rcg kg ugrswasl`h å

{rahsig{{rg aw{`wr kg bwl(

@h b“a tw urìcìkgiigh{" c“gs{ cg{{g tlsl`h tlr{wgbbg qwl bwl dal{ sìrlgwsgigh{ ughsgr

qwg bg Urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg u`wrral{ nìsl{gr å sg uassgr kg sgs sgrtlcgs awsglh kw f`wtgrhgigh{ ab`rs iíig qw“lb gs{ s`ws bg c`wu k“accwsa{l`h k“whg fratl{ì

g~{ríig( .Ahhg~g 6,(

3, Ba cr`|ahcg aos`bwg kahs sa swuìrl`rl{ì

Cìig {`ws bgs harclsslqwgs" Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ {gbbgigh{ c`htalhcw kg sa

swuìrl`rl{ì qw“lb gs{ ugrswakì kg s`h carac{îrg lrrìsls{lobg g{ kg sa cauacl{ì kgdasclha{l`h(

Aw bahcgigh{ kw ur`mg{ liiòlblgr swr M`ddrg" lb {ìbìun`hg å wh rltgralh lhdbwgh{kg Cnaiur`sa| g{ bwl {lgh{ cg urù`s aw swmg{ kg ba c`h{gs{a{l`h qwl ghdbaiig bgqwar{lgr = ª Qwahk mg uarbgral" {`w{ rgh{rgra kahs b“`rkrg º(.slc, .{ìi`lfhafg Macqwgs@bltlgr,(

Cg "h“gs{ uas uar nasark sl wh m`wrhab" a urù`s kg s`h au`s{aslg tlbbgulhls{g"

a iablclgwsgigh{ c`hcbw = ª Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ bg sgwb å cr`lrg qw“lb gs{ kgtghw

ilhls{rg u`wr sgs cìuì{ghcgs( ºS`h sgh{ligh{ kg swuìrl`rl{ì s“g~urlig awssl uar whg g~acgroa{l`h kg

crl{lqwgs s|s{ìia{lqwgs kgs aw{rgs qwl tabgh{ òblfa{`lrgigh{ i`lhs qwg bwl( ª lbs s`h{

hwbs ! " gbbg gs{ blil{ìg º" ª gbbg hg cìurghk rlgh º" ª gbbg gs{ twbfalrg º s`h{ bgs mwfgigh{s qwg ìiahgh{ kg {`w{gs bg awkl{l`hs kg Fg`rfgs [r`h kgtah{ bg mwfgk“lhs{rwc{l`h( Cgs rgiarqwgs s|s{ìia{lqwgs g{ iìurlsah{gs c`hs{l{wgh{ gh crgw~aw{ah{ kg slfhgs kg s`h harclsslsig gddra|ah{" wh harclsslsig qwl s“g~grcgra – g{c“gs{ bå bg slfhg kg ba ugrtgrsl{ì) aw~ kìughs `w iíig c`h{rg bgs aw{rgs(

;, Fg`rfgs [r`h h“gs{ rgsu`hsaobg kg rlgh

B“liafg qw“lb a kg bwl bg c`hkwl{ ha{wrgbbgigh{ å hg sg cr`lrg rgsu`hsaobg kgrlgh : cg h“gs{ maials kg sa daw{g ials cgbbg k“wh lhcauobg" k“wh cìub`{ `w kgs

ìtìhgigh{s : lb hg k`w{g kg rlgh( Lb h“gs{ {`wm`wrs qw“whg tlc{lig s`l{ kg

b“lhcìuì{ghcg s`l{ kg ba iìcnahcg{ì s`l{ kgs iahœwtrgs kg cgw~ qwl b“gh{`wrgh{(

Cg{{g lrrgsu`hsaolbl{ì qw“lb sg rgc`hhal{ kg iahlîrg lh{ahflobg" bg rghk daclbgigh{

cìub`{ls{g g{ uarah`àaqwg( S“lb h“gs{ uas rgsu`hsaobg c“gs{ qwg bgs aw{rgs bwl ghtgwbgh{ g{ i`h{gh{ c`h{rg bwl bgs caoabgs qw“lb gs{ bwl sgwb cauaobg k“liaflhgr(



B`rs kg ba urgilîrg unasg kg s`h addalrg cìig gh `h{ {rîs barfgigh{{ìi`lfhì bgs ar{lcbgs kg urgssg" Fg`rfgs [r`h a i`h{rì {`w{gs cgs klsu`sl{l`hsuar{lcwblîrgs kg carac{îrg g{ kg cìu`r{gigh{(

;, Wh í{rg ª {r`h`cgh{rlqwg º

Ials Fg`rfgs [r`h hg sg c`h{gh{g uas kg sg cr`lrg ìhlsclgh{ g{ k“at`wlr{rìu`hsg å {`w{ .h`ws bg tgrr`hs," cìig {`ws bgs í{rgs aw{`cgh{rìs" lb k`l{ í{rgìhlurìsgh{(

Ugrswakì k“í{rg bg cgh{rg kw i`hkg" lb hg c`hæ`l{ uas hg uas í{rg aw cœwr

kgs urì`ccwua{l`hs kg {`w{ bg i`hkg(

Alhsl" lb sg cìubal{ å `rfahlsgr whg c`wr k`h{ bgs igiorgs hg tltgh{ qw“å

{ratgrs bwl g{ u`wr bgsqwgbs" kahs bg cakrg k“whg ur`fraiia{l`h qwasl sgc{alrg" lb dal{

`ddlcg kg tìrl{aobg f`wr`w(

C“gs{ uarcg qw“lb sg cr`l{ aw cgh{rg kgs urì`ccwua{l`hs kw i`hkg u`bl{lqwg"

qw“lb cr`l{ u`wt`lr cbalr`hhgr= ª m“al wh c`h{gh{lgw~ ugrs`hhgb atgc Iarlhg Bg Ugh º([rù lhda{wì" lb hg s“liaflhg uas wh lhs{ah{ qw“gbbg u`wrral{ hg uas c`hhaè{rg cg{

òscwr sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{" cg uarbgigh{alrg sahs olbah g{ cg{ nìig u`bl{lqwg sahs

c`hsls{ahcg" cg{ nìig k`h{ bg hì hg urí{g qw“aw mgw kg i`{(

Kahs bg cas kg Fg`rfgs [r`h" b“`rfwglb g{ b“ìf`cgh{rlsig a{{glfhgh{ alsìigh{ bg

s{akg kg ba iìfabìahlg(

Lb gs{ ìtlkgh{ qwg bg harclsslsig kg fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ iahldgs{gigh{ ugrtgrsuwlsqw“lb {r`wtg s`h{ ao`w{lssgigh{ ha{wrgb uar b“ab{ìra{l`h kg b“aw{rg(

7, Fg`rfgs [r`h h“liaflhg uas hg uas í{rg akilrì

A k“lhhìoraobgs rgurlsgs" Fg`rfgs [r`h a i`h{rì qw“lb ì{al{ wh nìig cauaobgkg s“`ddwsqwgr k“í{rg b“òmg{ k“wh mwfgigh{ hìfa{ld `w iíig hwahcì= ª t`ws t`ws

rghkg})cìu{g" lbs `h{ `sì crl{lqwgr bg ialrg º hg cralh{)lb uas kg rìuì{gr å s`hawkl{`lrg(

Kahs bg iíig gsurl{" lb cr`l{ w{lbg kg ur`mg{gr swr frahk ìcrah kahs whgurìsgh{a{l`h uwoblqwg swr b“wroahlsig" whg un`{` k“whg lhscrlu{l`h fìah{g å bauglh{wrg swr wh uahhgaw k“g~urgssl`h blorg ª[r`h H`h ! º" ugrswakì qwg cg{{giarqwg k“ùu`sl{l`h å s`h ìfark s`wbîtgra iìcahlqwgigh{ b“lhklfha{l`h whahlig(

Crl{lqwì uar wh urìslkgh{ k“ass`cla{l`h kg qwar{lgr" lb ìcrl{ aw urìdg{ u`wr sg

ubalhkrg ªqw º`h al{ uw iahqwgr å ba c`hslkìra{l`h qwl bwl sgral{ kwg(

@h bg t`l{( B“ghsgiobg kg sgs ahab|sgs swr sa ugrs`hhg `w s`h ac{l`h sgiobgklc{ì uar b“atgwfbgigh{ qw“lb c`hæ`l{ u`wr bwl)iíig(



4, Fg`rfgs [r`h alig {rù sa ugrs`hhg u`wr b“g~u`sgr (

Fg`rfgs [r`h sg ughsg wh nìig g~cgu{l`hhgb" whlqwg" swuìrlgwr å {`ws bgsaw{rgs g{ ughsg lh{ligigh{ uar c`hsìqwgh{ qwg sa urìclgwsg ugrs`hhg hg k`l{ uasí{rg g~u`sìg(

Cg{ ì{a{ k“gsurl{ sg {rakwl{ uar whg {ghkahcg å ba ugwr un|slqwg" å ba ugwr kg

b“lhdgc{l`h g{ tralsgiobaobgigh{ å b“n|u`c`hkrlg(

Ba {ghkahcg å ba ugwr un|slqwg =

Cnacwh awra rgiarqwì qwg Fg`rfgs [r`h sg kìubacg rargigh{ sgwb g{ qw“lb a

ogs`lh k“whg s`r{g kg c`r{îfg `w kg farkg rauur`cnìg( Lb cralh{ awssl gh ugriahghcg

u`wr sa sìcwrl{ì cg qwl b“a c`hkwl{ uar g~giubg å kgiahkgr aw Sgcrì{arla{ fìhìrab kgb“Gb|sìg ba ur`b`hfa{l`h kg s`h gsc`r{g `ddlclgbbg g{ kg b“accìuafhgigh{ kg sgs

`ddlclgrs kg sìcwrl{ì(Lb gs{ awssl rgiarqwaobg qw“lb al{ wh ogs`lh ugriahgh{ k“í{rg gh{`wrì kg u`blclgrs(

Kgw~ kg sgs {rîs ur`cngs akm`lh{s s`h{ kgs ahclghs u`blclgrs( B`rsqw“lb a urls å oalb

wh b`fgigh{ kahs wh liigwobg rìh`tì aw ?< rwg Abun`hsg Kawkg{" lb s“gs{ giurgssì

kg dalrg b`wgr uar kgs dailbbgs kg u`blclgrs bgs b`fgigh{s t`lslhs(

Ials swr{`w{ sa ugwr kg s“g~u`sgr b“aiîhg å u`wssgr bgs aw{rgs å sg ig{{rg ghatah{( C“gs{ alhsl uar g~giubg qw“lb urghk s`lh kg dalrg slfhgr sgs bg{{rgs bgs ubws

tlrwbgh{gs qw“lb a rìklfìgs uar sgs akm`lh{s( .T`lr bg{{rg c`h{rg macqwgs @bltlgr"ùu`sah{ qwg fg`rfgs [r`h cralh{,

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ n|u`c`hkrlaqwg

Fg`rfgs [r`h cralh{ bgs ilcrògs g{ bgs lhdgc{l`hs( Lb gs{ cauaobg kg sg batgr bgsialhs kg iahlîrg cìuwbsltg g{ kìtgbùug wh s`wcl kg urùrg{ì iabakld( Lb sguardwig iíig swr bgs ulgks g{ s“ghkwl{ c`hs{aiigh{ kg crîig n|kra{ah{g( Daw{)lbrauugbgr qwg b`rs kg sa urgilîrg ilsg gh farkg å twg" b`rs kg s`h lh{grr`fa{`lrg" bau`blcg a {r`wtì swr bwl kw uardwi" kg ba crîig u`wr bg tlsafg(

C“gs{ cg{{g n|u`c̀ hkrlg g{ ba ugwr kg b“lhdgc{l`h qwl g~ublqwgh{ gh frahkg uar{lg

bgs tl`bs sahs aw{rgs uìhì{ra{l`hs qwg klfl{abg( Cgba g~ublqwg awssl" h`ws |rgtlghkr`hs" s`h a{{lrahcg u`wr bg dì{lcnlsig kgs ulgk qwl h“gs{ rlgh k“aw{rg qw“whg

sg~wabl{ì kg swos{l{w{l`h sahs rlsqwg sahl{alrg(

Fg`rfgs [r`h cwb{ltg whg rìgbbg uarah`àa

Cìig sgs arfwigh{a{l`hs gh a{{gs{gh{ t`b`h{lgrs" Fg`rfgs [r`h urìsgh{gkg slfhgs ua{gh{s kg uarah`àa( [`w{gs sgs awkl{l`hs i`h{rgh{ qwg s`h s|s{îig kgkìdghsg rgu`sg swr cg {ral{ kg sa ugrs`hhabl{ì= ª c“gs{ wh cìub`{ º" ª ª gbbg i“gh

tgw{ º" ª lb tgw{ ia ubacg º" ª Lbs `h{ {`wm`wrs ì{ì c`h{rg i`l º



Cg{{g uarah`àa bg c`hkwl{ å cr`lrg ìfabgigh{ å kgs darlo`bgs qwl a{{gs{gh{ kgurì{ghkwgs lh{gh{l`hs iabtglbbah{gs å s`h ìfark( B“lhtralsgiobahcg kg sgs {nì`rlgs

hg b“arrí{g hwbbgigh{( Lb h“gs{ uas fíhì" uar g~giubg" k“accwsgr uwoblqwgigh{ bgrltgralh k“wh qwar{lgr" sliubg sabarlì k“gh{rgurlsg" kg cìub`{gr c`h{rg bwl aw sgwb dlhk“acqwìrlr wh nûul{ab u`wr whg ùìra{l`h liiòlblîrg kg ubwslgwrs kl}alhgs kg ilbbl`hs

k“gwr`s(

Wh sl{g suìclablsì swr bgs cìu`r{gigh{s harclsslqwgs a rgcghsì bgs s|iu{ûigs bgs ubws

slfhldlca{lds =

ª Lb s&afl{ k&wh i`kg fìhìrab kg dah{alslgs `w kg cìu`r{gigh{s frahkl`sgs" kg ogs`lh k&í{rg

akilrì g{ kg iahqwg k &giua{nlg qwl auuaralssgh{ aw kìow{ kg b&ïfg akwb{g g{ s`h{ urìsgh{s kahs

kgs c`h{g~{gs kltgrs" cìig gh {ìi`lfhgh{ aw i`lhs clhq kgs iahldgs{a{l`hs swltah{gs=

1( bg swmg{ a wh sghs frahkl`sg kg sa urùrg liu`r{ahcg .u( g~("swrgs{lig sgs rìablsa{l`hs g{ sgs cauacl{ìs" s&a{{ghk å í{rg rgc`hhw

cìig swuìrlgwr sahs at`lr accìubl qwgbqwg cn`sg gh rauu`r{,

?( gs{ aos`roì uar kgs dah{alslgs kg swccîs lbblil{ì" kg u`wt`lr" kg subghkgwr" kg ogaw{ì `w

k &ai`wr lkìab

3( ughsg í{rg /suìclab/ g{ whlqwg g{ hg u`wt`lr í{rg akils `w cìurls qwg uar kgs lhs{l{w{l`hs `w

kgs fghs suìclaw~ g{ kg naw{ hltgaw

;( ogs`lh g~cgssld k&í{rg akilrì

7( ughsg qwg {`w{ bwl gs{ kú= s&a{{ghk sahs rals`h å oìhìdlclgr k&wh

{ral{gigh{ uar{lcwblîrgigh{ dat`raobg g{ å cg qwg sgs kìslrs s`lgh{

aw{ìa{lqwgigh{ sa{lsdal{s

4( g~ub`l{g b&aw{rg kahs bgs rgba{l`hs lh{grugrs`hhgbbgs= w{lblsg aw{rwl u`wr uartghlr å sgs urùrgs

dlhs

6( iahqwg k &giua{nlg= h&gs{ uas klsu`sì å rgc`hhaè{rg `w å uar{afgr bgs sgh{ligh{s g{ bgs ogs`lhs

k&aw{rwl

>( ghtlg s`wtgh{ bgs aw{rgs" g{ cr`l{ qwg bgs aw{rgs b&ghtlgh{

<( dal{ urgwtg k &a{{l{wkgs g{ kg cìu`r{gigh{s arr`fah{s g{ naw{alhs

_ìdìrghcg= Aigrlcah Us|cnla{rlc ass`cla{l`h" KSI)LT" Iahwgb

klafh`s{lqwg g{ s{a{ls{lqwg kgs {r`wobgs igh{aw~( [rakwc{l`h drahæalsg"

Uarls" Iass`h" 1<<4" 1574u º

Sahs b“ìorg k“wh" Fg`rfgs [r`h qwl cwiwbg b“lh{ìfrabl{ì kgs slfhgs cblhlqwgs kw

harclsslsig iìrl{g){)lb k“í{rg qwabldlì alhsl(

http://www.dicopsy.com/fantaisie.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/comportement.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/besoin.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/empathie.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/contexte.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/amour.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/pouvoir.htm



http://www.dicopsy.com/attitude.htm



http://www.dicopsy.com/attitude.htm



http://www.dicopsy.com/pouvoir.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/amour.htm

http://www.dicopsy.com/contexte.htm




http://www.dicopsy.com/fantaisie.htm



O( Wh í{rg iahluwba{gwr

@h a uw bg c`hs{a{gr ubws naw{ uar bgs hìorgwsgs addalrgs kg iahluwba{l`hqwl `h{ ìialbbì sa tlg u`bl{lqwg( Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ wh naol{wì kgs c`wus {`rkws(

Kahs s`h cas cg{{g lhcblhals`h sgiobg kìuassgr bg hltgaw kw ª k`bws o`hws º

qwg cgr{alhs akig{{gh{ kahs bg i`hkg u`bl{lqwg u`wr kgtghlr cng} bwl whg tìrl{aobgurìklsu`sl{l`h ua{n`b`flqwg( Gh gddg{" {`ws sgs ac{gs kg ba tlg sgiobgh{ cìiahkìsuar whg t`b`h{ì l`h dbg~lobg kg {rìugr g{ kg iahluwbgr((

1, Wh kìol{ `ra{`lrg n|uh {̀lqwg qwl iasqwg kgs auur`~lia{l`hskg d`hk

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ kg cgw~ k`h{ `h ugw{ klrg t`b`h{lgrs qw“lb s“ìc`w{g uarbgr(

Kahs s`h cas `h ugw{ am`w{gr qw“lb sg rgfarkg uarbgr {ah{ sgs gddg{s kg o`wcng `w sgsililqwgs s`h{ ì{wklìs( Cg qwl drauug {`ws cgw~ qwl b“ìc`w{gh{ kahs sgs lh{grtgh{l`hsuwoblqwgs" c“gs{ bg r|{nig kg s`h ìb`cw{l`h" wh db`{ {`rrgh{lgb lhlh{grrìuw kg uar`bgsaw u`lh{ qwg cgr{alhgs ìbgc{gwrs bwl kgiahkgh{ drìqwgiigh{ kahs bgs rìwhl`hs kgª uarbgr i`lhs tl{g º(

S`h kìol{ ah`riabgigh{ raulkg bwl ugrig{ k“ìua{gr s`h awkl{`lrg : bgsugc{a{gwr cr`l{ dalrg wh gdd`r{ u`wr cìurghkrg b“lh{gbblfghcg kg ba ughsìg" gh rìabl{ì

lb hg ialh{lgh{ whg a{{gh{l`h qwg u`wr swltrg bg {`rrgh{ kg i`{s qwl kìtabg: uar cg{{g{gcnhlqwg" Fg`rfgs [r`h ò{lgh{ whg a{{gh{l`h qwasl n|uh`{lqwg kg s`h awkl{`lrg(

Cg{{g b`f`rrnìg dlbahkrgwsg gs{ s{rwc{wrìg h`h uar whg c`nìrghcg lh{gbbgc{wgbbgials aw{`wr kg c`hs{rwc{l`hs sìiah{lqwgs urìdaorlqwìgs: gbbg cai`wddbg gh rìabl{ìwhg ughsìg fìhìrabgigh{ iìkl`crg `w db`wg ials qwl sg c`hcbw{ fìhìrabgigh{ kgiahlîrg i`rablsa{rlcg( _ììc`w{ì {rahqwlbbgigh{" cg db`{ kg uar`bgs sg rìtîbg s`wtgh{crgw~ g{ iíig uard`ls ugw sghsì( Bå ghc`rg h`ws h`ws sl{w`hs kahs bg kìalhg kgb“auuarghcg : bgs òsgrta{gwrs a{{gh{lds sg rghkgh{" gh gddg{" tl{g cìu{g qw“lb

s“ghfafg kahs kgs urù`s s`wtgh{ rgk`hkah{s" qwl ugwtgh{ k“whg unrasg å b“aw{rg sg

c`h{rgklrg g{ qwl" iabfrì bgs auuarghcgs k“asswrahcg g{ wh tgrhls {gcnhlqwg"

kìh`{gh{ dlhabgigh{ whg c`hhalssahcg assg} swugrdlclgbbg kgs swmg{s(

Ials swr{`w{" lb sg dal{ rgiarqwgr uar k“lh{grilhaobgs kìtgbùugigh{s"ìialbbìs kg {lcs tgroaw~ .ª uark`h kg bg klrg" igskaigs g{ igsslgwrs º,: sl cg{{gnaol{wkg kg ba uìr`rals`h h“am`w{g rlgh aw kìoa{" b“`ccasl`h kg dalrg urgwtg k“whg

auuargh{g kg~{ìrl{ì r̀a{`lrg sgiobg bg ig{{rg kahs whg mwolba{l`h uar{lcwblîrg:u`wr{ah{" kgrrlîrg ba iwslqwg kgs i`{s" {rahsuaralssgh{ assg} tl{g h`h sgwbgigh{ baswugrdlclabl{ì g{ bg kìc`wsw kw urù`s ials ìfabgigh{ kg sìrlgw~ uròbîigs kgc`nìrghcg lh{gbbgc{wgbbg(

Lb gs{ å h`{gr qwg s`h g~urgssl`h ìcrl{g urìsgh{g kgs uròbîigs slilbalrgs kgc`hs{rwc{l`h kahs cìig gh {ìi`lfhg cg uarafraung k“whg bg{{rg slfhìg kg sa ialh

bg{{rg ìcrl{g å ba uùwba{l`h(



ª Mg hg uwls" gh rgtahcng" cìurghkrg qwg kahs h`{rg cìiwhg" kgs ilsgs gh

cawsgs ugrs`hhgbbgs" kgs urù`s k“g~cbwsl`h" kgs lhswb{gs" cìig mg bgs al i`l)iíig

gh{ghkws" c`h{rg h`s lhtl{ìs b“aw{rg m`wr" rgiubacgh{ bgs arfwigh{s g{ `ccwb{gh{ bg

hìcgssalrg rgsugc{ kg s`h lh{grb`cw{gwr" iíig sl bgs kìsacc`rk g~ls{gh{ º .slc,

Fg`rfgs [r`h) Bg{{rg å ba uùwba{l`h kìcgiorg ?515

.ahhg~g 17,

@h bg t`l{" Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ wh lhkltlkw k“lh{gbblfghcg i`|ghhg qwl gs{

c`h{ralh{ kg cìughsgr sgs iahqwgs uar ba ilsg gh œwtrg kg ur`cìkìs `ra{`lrgs"{ac{lqwgs `w s{ra{ìflqwgs" kgs i`kgs ùìra{`lrg qw“lb iaè{rlsg(

Sgs gdd`r{s u`wr uaraè{rg hg u`wrswltgh{ qw“wh òmgc{ld = t`lr kahs bgs |gw~ kwuwoblc whg liafg u`sl{ltg kg bwl)iíig" swscl{gr b“akilra{l`h gh cbalr sìkwlrg qwl gs{ bg

urgilgr uas k“wh ur`cgssws naol{wgb kg c`hkl{l`hhgigh{( Lb ta alhsl cngrcngr åsìkwlrg h`h u`wr swscl{gr b“aknìsl`h ials u`wr urghkrg b“ascghkah{ swr b“aw{rg g{

b“ghfafgr kahs wh ur`cgssws kg s`wilssl`h(

?, Sa {gcnhlqwg `ra{`lrg rgbîtg kg ba iahluwba{l`h

Ba {gcnhlqwg `ra{`lrg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ lhtarlaobg(

@h b“a tw" swr ba d`rig lb s“gdd`rcg kg sg cabgr swr wh kìol{ `ra{`lrg qwasl

n|uh`{lqwg h`h sgwbgigh{ u`wr klssliwbgr sgs urùrgs lhswddlsahcgs ials ìfabgigh{

u`wr c`hkwlrg å ghsgtgblr s`h awkl{`lrg s`ws bgs i`{s(

Kahs ba c`hs{rwc{l`h kg sgs lh{grtgh{l`hs" Fg`rfgs [r`h giub`lgliiahqwaobgigh{ bgs iíigs dlcgbbgs" bg iíig rl{wgb" )bg crlilh`b`fwg klral{) bgiíig i`kg ùìra{`lrg(

Cìig kahs bgs aw{rgs kìalhgs kg sa tlg uwoblqwg `w urltìg" Fg`rfgs [r`hh`ws i`h{rg qw“gh cg kìalhg awssl" lb gs{ lhcauaobg k“lhh`ta{l`hs `w kg crìa{l`hs

g{ gs{ òblfì kg sg o`rhgr å rgur`kwlrg kgs scnìias qw“lb cr`l{ iaè{rlsgr(

Bgs c`hs{rwc{l`hs kg sgs lh{grtgh{l`hs s`h{ lkgh{lqwgs g{ s“ar{lcwbgh{

liiahqwaobgigh{ aw{`wr kg d`riwbgs cbasslqwgs k`ltgh{ k`hhgr b“lbbwsl`h k“whg

b`flqwg ̀ w k“whg kìi`hs{ra{l`h( = Klkac{lqwg = ª aw kìuar{" lb | a ․ º : Asswrahcg kw rals`hhgigh{ ª (((mg hg bg rgklral maials assg}․ º u`hc{wì uar

kgs ª (((mg b“asswig ․ º B`flqwg kg ba c`hs{rwc{l`h ª ․g{ c“gs{ u`wrqw`l․ º" ª t`ws b “ atg} olgh

cìurls igskaigs g{ igsslgwrs․ º : Dlh kg ba kìi`hs{ra{l`h = ª ․g{ u`wr c`hcbwrg" mg klral․ º :

Cgr{alhs h“| tgrralgh{ qwg ba ogs`fhgwsg iaè{rlsg kg ur`cìkìs cbasslqwgs

k“ìb`qwghcg( Ba ugriahghcg kg ba {gcnhlqwg i`h{rg qw“atgc Fg`rfgs [r`h"



b“awkl{gwr assls{g gh rìabl{ì å whg s`r{g kg rl{wgb liiwaobg qw“ n`rs lh{grtgh{l`h ìcrl{glb auublqwg iì{lcwbgwsgigh{ qwgbbg qwg s`l{ b“`ccasl`h(

Swr bg d`hk" Fg`rfgs [r`h h“nìsl{g uas å igh{lr gddr`h{ìigh{" kìdlah{ bgs ìtlkghcgs"bgs k`hhìgs òmgc{ltgs" ba cnr`h`b`flg `w iíig bg sliubg o`h sghs( Lb igh{ uarìlssl`hs `w uar iahluwba{l`hs kgs i`{s( U`wr uarbgr k“whg bg{{rg qw“lb a dal{ ght`|gr

å wh urìslkgh{ k“ass`cla{l`h" lb klra ª ․c g{ lhkltlkw a ì{ì b“òmg{ k“whg ur`cìkwrg gs{

kg ba uar{ kg b“akilhls{ra{l`hº( Lb sal{ {r`wtgr bgs i`{s `w bgs k`wobg sghs u`wr rghkrgb“aw{rg iab å b“alsg(

3, Wh í{rg qwl tgw{ auuaraè{rg cìig ìhlsclgh{

Qwgb qwg s`l{ bg swmg{" Fg`rfgs [r`h k`l{ at`lr whg ùlhl`h( _lgh hg k`l{ bgurghkrg gh kìdaw{ : dacg å {`w{gs bgs kgiahkgs" lb g~clug whg lhl{la{ltg qwl {ghk åur`wtgr s`h k|hailsig= sa {gcnhlqwg c`hsls{g lhtarlaobgigh{" qwgbbg qwg s`l{ ba

qwgs{l`h qwl ìigrfg" å dalrg cr`lrg qw“lb a ìcrl{ whg bg{{rg `w gh{rgurls whg lh{grtgh{l`hkìclsltg ª lb h“| a uas ubws {ark qwg kgw~ m`wrs" m“al ìcrl{ å I( ^ å cg swmg{ u`wr bwl

dalrg tab`lr․( º : ª T`ws dal{gs olgh kg uar bgr kg cg{{g qwgs{l`h" uwlsqwg c“gs{ i`l )

iíig qwl al{ urls b“lhl{la{ltg k“whg rìwhl`h atgc bg urìdg{ º( Aw url~ k“whg ah{lka{g" lb

rgcrìgra a u`s{ìrl`rl b“ìbìigh{ dac{wgb qw“lb awra s`r{l kg s`h cnaugaw å b“auuwl kg sa

kìi`hs{ra{l`h(

Lb gs{ a h`{gr qwg cnacwhg kgs lh{grtgh{l`hs swuu`sìg swffîrg b“lkìg k“wh u`wt`lr

uar{lcwblgr" k“whg lhdbwghcg kì{grilhah{g `w k“whg aw{̀ rl{ì qwl s“liu`sg å {`ws( A

cg{{g dlh" lb ig{ gh atah{ kgs {l{rgs `w d`hc{l`hs qwl bg ig{{gh{ gh scîhgatah{afgwsgigh{ g{ s`h{ sghsìs k`hhgr kw crìkl{ å s`h urù`s( ª gh {ah{

qw“at`ca{ " mg sals ilgw~ qwg qwlc`hqwg qwg ․ º .lb ìg{ kg urìclsgr qw“lb h“a maials

g~grcgr g{ ghc`rg i`lhs ubalkì ials qw“lb hg k`l{ s`h {l{rg qw“å whg ìqwltabghcg aurîs

kgw~ iahka{s uarbgigh{alrgs,( ª C“gs{ i`l qwl cìig igiorg kw uarbgigh{ al{

kìu`sì whg urù`sl{l`h kg b`l º․

Kahs cg{ g~grclcg" lb ilsg swr b“lfh`rahcg u`wr dalrg cr`lrg gh sa swuìrl`rl{ì

nlìrarcnlqwg" lh{gbbgc{wgbbg `w `ra{`lrg(

Cg{{g daæ`h kg s“g~urligr {rakwl{ olgh sa urùghsl`h å dalrg lbbwsl`h" kg sgurìsgh{gr cìig ìhlsclgh{( Cg{{g lhcblhals`h å at`lr rìu`hsg å {`w{ bg c`hkwl{ a kgdrìqwgh{gs lhg~ac{l{wkgs g{ gs{ uar g~giubg cauaobg kg igswrgr uwoblqwgigh{ bgkìol{ lh{grhg{ gh iìfava{{( Gbbg bwl atal{ tabw bg rlklcwbg cng} bgs lh{grhaw{gsb`rsqw“lh{grr`fì swr bg vgo ?(5 uar wh sl{g suìclablsì" lb atal{ crw u`wt`lr or`kgr swr

wh swmg{ awqwgb lb hg c`hhal{ rlgh(

;, Whg dawssg giua{nlg qwl bg c`hkwl{ å ìklc{gr ba rîfbg i`rabg

B`rsqw“lb urghk å {ìi`lh s`h awkl{`lrg" .ª uark`h kg bg klrg igskaigs g{

igsslgwrs․ º․," lb h“| a awcwhg rgcngrcng k“giua{nlg kg ugrs`hhg qwl b“ìc`w{g



ials qwg bwl hg t`l{ uas( Lb cngrcng sgwbgigh{ uar cg olals å crìgr b“lbbwsl`h k“whg c`hhltghcg atgc whg assls{ahcg qw“lb iìurlsg: ghtgbùugr s`h awkl{`lrg bwl ugrig{ghswl{g kg sg rgbahcgr u`wr sg u`sgr dlhabgigh{ cìig rìdìrgh{ i`rab" cgbwl qwlìklc{g ba rîfbg= ․(ª mg swls kg cgw~ qwl ughsgh{ qwg ․( º gs{ whg unrasg {|ug kwugrs`hhafg : kls{ah{ g{ naw{alh" lb sg urìsgh{g" u`r{gwr kg ba tìrl{ì aos`bwg g{ s“ìrlfg

sahs bg klrg gh ì{ab`h kw olgh g{ kw iab( ª ․ mg hg t`ls uas qwgbqw“wh ig c`h{rgklrg

swr cg u`lh{․( º(

Sgs gddg{s `ra{`lrgs rìablsìs" lb sg kìbgc{g iahldgs{gigh{ kg t`lr qwg sasìkwc{l`h a uw d`hc{l`hhgr" qw“lb ugw{ í{rg akilrì g{ qwg bg uwoblc bwl rght`lg whg

liafg tab`rlsah{g kg bwl)iíig(

7, Ba ighacg uar abbwsl`h = whg daæ`h kg dalrg cr l̀rg å wh u`wt`lrlhg~ub`l{ì

Ugwrgw~ uar ha{wrg" Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ sghslobg å ba ighacg g{" kahs whrauu`r{ kg d`rcg" gbbg bwl c`hdîrg k`hc kgs tgr{ws kìclsltgs(

Sgs ighacgs urghhgh{ fìhìrabgigh{ ba d`rig k“abbwsl`h = ª cg{{g ugrs`hhg

swr baqwgbbg m“al wh k`sslgr(( º" ª mg h“gh kls uas ubws u`wr bg iìgh{ º ª m“|

rgtlghkral º" ª gh {gius w{lbg" mg d`wrhlral bgs urgwtgs swr cg{{g ugrs`hhgs º(

B`rs kg sgs tœw~ ?51? å ba uùwba{l`h" lb hg cralh{ uas kg rìuì{gr atgc whgu`s{wrg {nìï{rabg cg{{g d`riwbg ubglh kg s`ws gh{ghkws qwl sgr`h{ cìig k“naol{wkg

sahs bghkgialh= ª igs slbghcgs s`h{ ubws {grrlobgs qwg igs uar`bgs º .slc,

Kg dal{" lb cngrcng gh ugriahghcg å c`hs{l{wgr kgs k`sslgrs swr {`w{ bg i`hkgqwl{{g iíig å w{lblsgr u`wr cgba" kg iahlîrg {`{abgigh{ lbbìfabg" bgs sgrtlcgs kgu`blclgrs tìrgw~(

D`hkaigh{abgigh{" cg{{g daæ`h kg ur`cìkgr gs{ uardal{gigh{ c`hd`rig ås`h lhcauacl{ì å addr`h{gr wh aktgrsalrg kg dacg" h`h uar bgs lkìgs ials uar baiahœwtrg" h`h å ba b`|abg ials kahs wh mgw ugrtgrs: ials swr{`w{" lb cngrcng uar cgolals å lhs{lbbgr b“lkìg cng} bgs ubws cralh{lds kg u`wt`lrs cacnìs `w k“whg uwlssahcg

h`h g~ub`l{ìg( Ghdlh g{ kg iahlîrg accgss`lrg" cg{{g a{{l{wkg bwl sgr{ å dglhkrg bau`s{wrg kw frahk sglfhgwr qwl awral{ å cœwr k“ìuarfhgr sgs tlc{ligs(

C( Wh í{rg ugrtgrs

Fg`rfgs [r`h urìsgh{g {`ws bgs s|iu{ûigs kw ugrtgrs( Lb gh rìu`hk å bakìdlhl{l`h kahs {`w{gs cgs accgu{l`hs(



1, Whg kìtlahcg dì{lcnls{g mwsqw“å ba ugrtgrsl{ì

a, Wh dì{lcnls{g cìuwbsld

Gs{ {`w{ k“ao`rk c`hslkìrìg cìig ugrtgrsg ª ba ugrs`hhg a{{glh{g kgugrtgrsl`h sg~wgbbg º(

@r Fg`rfgs [r`h a ubahqwì s`ws whg urì{ghkwg uassl`h u`wr ba rìdbg~`b`flg whdì{lcnlsig kgs ulgks qw“lb a u`wssì mwsqw“å b“òsgssl`h(

@h rgiarqwgra" sahs at`lr {rù ogs`lh kg s“auugsah{lr katah{afg" qwg bg dal{ qw“lb

hg ura{lqwg kgs sìahcgs kg rìdbg~`b`flg qwg swr kgs dgiigs hg ubalkg uas u`wr satgrsl`h k“wh a{{ral{ u`wr whg klsclublhg s{rlc{gigh{ uaraiìklcabg( Ials swr{`w{" bgs{ìi`lfhafgs qwl rgba{gh{ kgs sìahcgs `w bg ulgk kg sa urì{ghkwg ª ua{lgh{g º dlhll{kahs sa o`wcng kìi`h{rg qwg h`ws sìigs kahs wh cas cbasslqwg kg dì{lcnlsig"k“whg g~cl{a{l`h u`kùnlblqwg kg ha{wrg sg~wgbbg(

Kahs bg cas kg Fg`rfgs [r`h cg{{g ura{lqwg {`wrhg tlslobgigh{ å ba kìtlahcgkahs ba igswrg `ü gbbg b“a {`{abgigh{ swoigrfì g{ qw“gbbg a uw urghkrg bg uas swr

b“ghsgiobg kg sgs ac{ltl{ìs( Bgs {ìi`lfhafgs kg dgiigs `w k“giub`|ìgsiwhlcluabgs a|ah{ å swolr bgs assaw{s kw ialrg kg Kratglb sg cìu{gh{ uar kl}alhgsaw u`lh{ k“gh í{rg kgtghwg whg tìrl{ì uwoblqwg( Cg{{g {rls{g h`{`rlì{ì bwl taw{ swr bgsoahcs kg b“Assgiobìg bg {l{rg kg ª iassgwr cnlh`ls º(

Lb daw{ h`{gr qwg ba urgilîrg bìfl`h k“n`hhgwr qw“lb al{ a{{rlowì cìig sgcrì{alrg

k“G{a{ å ba D`hc{l`h Uwoblqwg dw{ å wh iìkgclh suìclablsì kahs ba rìdbg~`b`flg k`h{b“ass`cla{l`h gs{ s`w{ghwg g{ accwglbblg uar ba tlbbg Kratglb g{ qwl sgr{ kg caw{l`h å ba

uassl`h kìt`rah{g kg F( [r`h( @h gs{ b`lh kw uassg {gius qw“lb kìcrl{ : barìdbì~`b`flg h“gs{ qw“å b“ìtlkghcg whg c`wtgr{wrg u`wr iasqwgr sgs lrrìurgsslobgs

uwbsl`hs dì{lcnls{gs kg Fg`rfgs [r`h Bgs rgurìsgh{ah{s kg cg{{g klsclublhg uaraiìklcabg `h{ {rîs raulkgigh{ urls bgwr kls{ahcg atgc bgs dal{s qwl bgwr ì{algh{ rauu`r{ìg{ qwg bg ialrg kg Kratglb {gh{al{ kg urìsgh{gr cìig kg ba rìdbg~`b`flg(

o, Wh dì{lcnlsig qwl gs{ whg sg~wabl{ì kg swos{l{w{l`h

Lb gs{ å h`{gr qwg bgs cngrcngwrs .Kr A Maigs Flahhlhl kg b&whltgrsl{ì k&Ì{a{ kg

b&@nl`, `h{ ils gh ìtlkghcg qwg bgs ura{lqwgs kg dì{lcnlsig kgs ulgks sgrìuahkalgh{" cìig kìrlta{ld sg~wgb" b`rs kg b“auuarl{l`h kg frahkgs ìulkìilgs kgIS[( Cg dw{ bg cas b̀ rs kg ba frahkg ìulkìilg kg f`h`rrnìg kwrah{ bg k`w}lîigslîcbg g{ kgs ìulkìilgs kg s|unlbls kwrah{ bgs sgl}lîig g{ kl~)hgwtlîig slîcbgs ghGwrùg( Kg ba iíig daæ`h" cg{{g d`rig swobliìg kg sg~wabl{ì" ab{grha{ltg å bauìhì{ra{l`h kgtghw kahfgrgwsg" dw{ ìfabgigh{ c`hs{a{ìg atgc bg kìtgbùugigh{ kwslka( Cg{{g ura{lqwg ª urùrg º ials qwl c`hsgrtg s`h carac{îrg ìilhgiigh{ sg~wgb"h“gs{ gh rìabl{ì qwg bg rgdbg{ kg b“n|u`c`hkrlg kg cgbwl qwl ba ura{lqwg( Lb gs{tralsgiobaobg qw“lb a rgcngrcnì g{ tralsgiobaobgigh{ {r`wtì uar sgs uìkgs{rgsiahluwba{l`hs whg g~cl{a{l`h `rfahlsilqwg qw“lb a tìcwg" s`wtgh{ å b“lhsw kg sgs

òblfìgs" cìig wh ac{g sg~wgb(

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89tat_de_l%27Ohio


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrh%C3%A9e

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrh%C3%A9e





Lb hg dal{ awcwh k`w{g qwg bgs uwbsl`hs dì{lcnls{gs lrrìurgsslobgs qwg b“`h c`hs{a{gcng} bg ialrg kg Kratglb" s`h ogs`lh ugriahgh{ k“wh c`h{ac{ {ac{lbg kgs ulgks kg

dgiigs g{ swr{`w{ bgs d`rigs g{ ba drìqwghcg kg cgs ura{lqwgs swddlsgh{ å carac{ìrlsgrkg ugrtgrs bg cìu`r{gigh{ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h(

?, Fg`rfgs [r`h sg cìubal{ kahs kgs ac{gs lii`raw~ `w crwgbs

@h b“a tw( A kg iwb{lubgs `ccasl`hs Fg`rfgs [r`h a i`h{rì s`h lhcblhals`h å

tl`bgr `s{ghslobgigh{ bgs c`htghahcgs s`clabgs s`l{ uar kgs a{{l{wkgs klsc`wr{`lsgs.o`lrg å ba o`w{glbbg aw c`hsglb iwhlcluab," s`l{ uar kgs urù`s `rkwrlgrs .t`lr ar{lcbgkw Cahark ghcnalhì rgba{ah{ whg rghc`h{rg atgc kg cl{`|ghs," s`l{ uar kgscìu`r{gigh{s kìubacìs .dalrg kw ulgk kg iahlîrg kìbloìrìigh{ lhsls{ah{g å sgst`lslhgs kg {aobgs" tghlr dr`{{gr s`h sg~g c`h{rg bg oasslh c`h{rg whg c`hsglbbîrgiwhlcluabg,(

Bg ur`dlb us|cn`b`flqwg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h {rahsuaral{ kahs sgs ac{gs kg ba tlgqw`{lklghhg g{ h`{aiigh{ kahs sa tlg ur`dgssl`hhgbbg c&gs{)å)klrg kahs sgsd`hc{l`hs k“nìig uwoblc(

c, Fg`rfgs [r`h s“gdd`rcg {`wm`wrs k“ì{aoblr kg d`rcgus|cn`b`flqwg

Fg`rfgs [r`h h“ghtlsafg bgs rauu`r{s nwialhs qwg cìig kgs rauu`r{s kg d`rcg qwlg~urligh{ g~ublcl{gigh{ wh ogs`lh lrrìurgsslobg kg dalrg ba urgwtg kg sa kìlha{l`h(

[ghkahcg c`wrah{g cng} bgs nìigs u`bl{lqwgs" klral{)`h" qwl s`h{ uar gssghcg kgsahliaw~ {grrl{`rlaw~ `w kgs iïbgs kìlhah{s(

Cng} bwl u`wr{ah{ cg{{g c`hs{ah{g rgbîtg k“wh cìu`r{gigh{ k`h{ ba urìfhahcg g{ ba

fratl{ì rgcîbgh{ wh tìrl{aobg {r`wobg kw rauu`r{ å aw{rwl(

Ba d`riwbg ª cgbwl qwl h“gs{ uas atgc i`l gs{ c`h{rg i`l º h“gs{ uas whg sliubgoratakg `w ba iarqwg k“whg aw{`rl{ì wh ugw {rù addlriìg(

Kahs s`h gsurl{" cg{{g unrasg qw“lb addgc{l`hhg g{ qw“lb ur`h`hcg gh {`w{gs `ccasl`hsslfhldlg cbalrgigh{ ª cgbwl qwl hg sg s`wig{ uas" mg bg orlsg º( G{ kg dal{ ugw kg fghs"

sliubgs cl{`|ghs `w iíig aw{`rl{ì uwoblqwg" h“`h{ `sì s“addr`h{gr å bwl( Gh rìabl{ì"u`wr bgs rals`hs kg ugwr qwg h`ws at`hs ahab|sìgs ubws naw{" lb dlhlra uar h“a{{aqwgr

dr`h{abgigh{ qwg bgs dalobgs g{ sg c`h{gh{gra kg iahœwtrg `w k“a{{aqwgs uar

kìbìfa{l`h kahs bgs cas kgs aktgrsalrgs qw“lb cralh{(

Gs{)cg å klrg qw“lb hg s“a{{aqwg qw“å sgs aktgrsalrgs 0 H`h" g{ c“gs{ bå bg slfhg kg saugrtgrsl{ì( Lb dlhl{ {`wm`wrs uar s“a{{aqwgr å cgw~ qwl b“gh{`wrgh{ iíig s“lbs sg cr`lgh{

sgs ails(

Lb s“| a{{aqwg kg kgw~ iahlîrgs =

S`l{ gh g~lfgah{ k“gw~ whg s`wilssl`h atgwfbg" kg ha{wrg qwasl sgc{alrg" qwl ugw{ bgsc`hkwlrg å wh atlblssgigh{" whg tìrl{aobg cn`sldlca{l`h mwsqw“å ba rìt`b{g kg ba tlc{lig(



_gdwsah{ k“í{rg kìæw `w sliubgigh{ c`h{rarlì" lb rgssgh{ {`w{ rgdws bg c`hcgrhah{ `w{`w{ rgmg{ kg bwl iíig cìig whg obgsswrg harclsslqwg qwl kìcbghcng sa dwrgwr g{k`hc wh lhìtl{aobg c`hdbl{(

Gh harclsslqwg g~cbwsld" Fg`rfgs [r`h tgw{ qwg bgs aw{rgs rgssgh{gh{ Fg`rfgs [r`h( Bgs ugrs`hhgs s`wilsgs k`ltgh{ dalrg kg bwl)iíig bg cgh{rg kg bgwr tlg( Gbbgs k`ltgh{s“g~cwsgr kg hg uas at`lr ì{ì assg} cìurìnghsltgs å s`h ìfark( Ulrg" gbbgs k`ltgh{ughsgr" tltrg g{ rgssgh{lr cìig bwl" bgs iíigs ugwrs" bgs iíigs ahf`lssgs" bgsiíigs tìrl{ìs( Gbbgs k`ltgh{ bg rgigrclgr qw“lb accgu{g kg s“lh{ìrgssgr å gbbg(

Ugw aw{`hìg" lb a ogs`lh kg s“gh{`wrgr u`wr sg rasswrgr( C“gs{ alhsl qwg bgs

Kratglbb`ls `h{ rargigh{ tw bgwr ialrg sgwb kahs ba rwg( Lb a ogs`lh kg sg sgh{lrur`{ìfì uar ba urìsghcg kg ubwslgwrs ugrs`hhgs aw{`wr kg bwl(

U`wr aw{ah{ sgs ur`{gc{gwrs k`h{ lb a d`hclîrgigh{ ogs`lh" hg s`h{ uas å b“aorl kg sgs

nwigwrs `w kg sgs iahœwtrgs( Lb u`wssg sgs kìlhìs å bg swltrg kahs sgs d`blgs" å

akig{{rg sgs ighs`hfgs cìig kgs tìrl{ìs lh{ahflobgs" å cìig{{rg u`wr bwl kgsac{gs kg tl`bghcgs `w kgs uarmwrgs( Cnacwh a uw t`lr kgs ialrgs akm`lh{s" cl{`|ghs aurl`rl rgsugc{wgw~ kgs b`ls g{ kg ba i`rabg" u`wssìs å kgs ac{gs {`{abgigh{ lhklfhgs"kìblc{wgw~ t`lrg iíig crlilhgbs s`ws s`h lhdbwghcg( Cg{{g sl{wa{l`h kg daw{gòmgc{ltg bgs blg ials ugw{ awssl kahs cg{ whltgrs lhs{aobg urìdlfwrgr ba klsfrïcg qwlbgs dlhlra uar bgs giu`r{gr kahs bg {`wrolbb`h kg sgs iahœwtrgs(

Bwclbg Ilfh`h" s`h ahclghhg c`bbao`ra{rlcg kìt`wìg" dw{ uar g~giubg c`hslkìrìgcìig aktgrsalrg å ba ilhw{g `ü gbbg kìu`sa gh at`wah{ at`lr dal{ swolr å sakgiahkg kgs urgssl`hs swr whg ubalfhah{g(

S`l{ u`wr kgs rals`hs kg c`htghahcgs qwahk b“aw{rg a dlhl kg sgrtlr `w kg b“aiwsgr( Sahs awcwh scrwuwbg" lb sg kìoarrassgra kg ba ugrs`hhg cìig k“wh òmg{

ghcìorah{( Lb hg ugw{ s“giuícngr kg kì{rwlrg bgs rgba{l`hs bgs ubws ha{wrgbbgs `wcgbbg qwl awral{ t`ca{l`h å rgs{gr nari`hlgwsgs( (Fg`rfgs [r`h {lrg k“albbgwrs

b“gddlcacl{ì kg sgs ac{l`hs kg sa {`{abg liurìtlslolbl{ì g{ kg s`h aos`bwg lhsghslolbl{ìk`h{ ugrs`hhg" uas iíig bgs ur`cngs hg ugwtgh{ a url`rl liaflhgr b“aiubgwr g{

b“lhnwiahl{ì(

Lb sg bahcgra ab`rs kahs wh {ratalb iì{lcwbgw~ kg kgs{rwc{l`h s`clabg g{k“ahìah{lssgigh{ ugrs`hhgb kg b“aw{rg g~lfgah{ qwg bgs ur`cngs bg swltgh{ kahs s`hgh{rgurlsg kg kgs{rwc{l`h i`rabg( Cgw~ qwl hg dwlgh{ uas raulkgigh{ sg {r`wtgh{or`|ìs i`rabgigh{( Ubws lb awra kìtab`rlsì b“aw{rg" ubws lb sg sgra sgh{l d`r{(

)

k, Bg i`kg ùìra{`lrg = sìkwc{l`h/s`wilssl`h/kgs{rwc{l`h

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ wh í{rg qwl hg s“ghfafg maials traligh{ adlh kg sg {ghlr å whg

kls{ahcg addgc{ltg qwl bwl ugrig{{ra wh cìu`r{gigh{ dr`lk g{ cabcwba{gwr( Maials"iíig c`h{rg bgs dal{s ì{aobls h`{aiigh{ atgc Iigs K`hcarbl g{ Frwgb" lb h“a akils



kg at`lr gw iaè{rgssg cg qwl awral{ c`hs{l{wì u`wr cg{ í{rg sahs sgh{ligh{ wh atgwkg dalobgssg( Lb cngrcng {`wm`wrs å dasclhgr sahs sg balssgr urghkrg( U`wr s`lfhgr s`hiab)í{rg lh{ìrlgwr" s`h tlkg lh{ìrlgwr" g{ tralsgiobaobgigh{ wh iahqwg k“ai`wr kahs

b“ghdahcg" lb a ogs`lh k“í{rg rasswrì( Kg cg u`lh{ kg twg" ba dasclha{l`h kahs bgs |gw~

kg b“aw{rg bwl rght`lg whg liafg qwl bg cìobg( Kahs whg oahkg ghrgfls{rìg" sa

iaè{rgssg" S|tlg K`hcarbl g~ublqwg bg iahqwg k“ai`wr kg s`h uîrg g{ sa kì{gs{a{l`h

u`wr bwl( C“gs{ kahs cg{{g obgsswrg lh{ìrlgwrg qw“lb daw{ cngrcngr sgs hìtr`sgs(

Cìig bg crlilhgb c|hlqwg" lb h“a awcwh ail g{ hg c`hhal{ kahs ba tlg qwg kgw~ {|ugsk“lhkltlkws = sgs cìublcgs qwl bwl ugrig{{gh{ k“arrltgr å sgs dlhs g{ qw“lb mg{{g qwahk lb

h“gh a ubws ogs`lh" sgs tlc{ligs swr bgsqwgbbgs lb sg ubal{ å s“acnarhgr(

Lb hlg atgc wh aubìo kìc`hcgr{ah{ iíig c`hdr`h{ìs aw~ urgwtgs òmgc{ltgs g{lrrìdw{aobgs kg sgs dabsldlca{l`hs(

K“whg iahlîrg fìhìrabg" kahs s`h `rfahlsa{l`h kg tlg" lb ura{lqwg ba {gcnhlqwg kwcb`ls`hhgigh{ ac{ld( Cgba b“aiîhg s`wtgh{ å lh{grklrg å cgr{alhgs ugrs`hhgs kg sgrghc`h{rgr `w kg sg uarbgr: cgba bg c`hkwl{ ìfabgigh{ å dalrg clrcwbgr kgs rwigwrs" åkrgssgr bgs fghs bgs whs c`h{rg bgs aw{rgs gh hìfa{ld u`wr bgs addaloblr .g~ ùu`sl{l`h,`w gh u`sl{ld u`wr lh{grtghlr cìig b“arol{rg lhklsughsaobg" cìig bg ur`{gc{gwrhìcgssalrg: cg ur`cìkì rgbîtg tìrl{aobgigh{ kg ba iahluwba{l`h g{ iíigur`fraiia{l`h sgc{alrg kgs lhkltlkws(

U`wr tltrg" lb a ogs`lh k“aos`rogr b“ìhgrflg u`sl{ltg kg b“aw{rg u`wr bwl lh`cwbgr s`h

ìhgrflg hìfa{ltg = lb gs{ k“albbgwrs drauuah{ kg c`hs{a{gr ba kìcrìul{wkg ur`frgssltgun|slqwg kg cgw~ qwl bg cû{`lgh{(

) Lb cìighcg uar sìkwlrg

S“lb sìkwl{ `w s“lb dba{{g c“gs{ {`wm`wrs kahs whg s{ra{ìflg urìabaobg kg iahluwba{l`h

uwls kg kìlha{l`h(

Ba ubwuar{ kgs {ìi`lfhafgs `w kgs ubalh{gs d`h{ ì{a{ k“wh cìu`r{gigh{ {rìugwrubglh kg urìgssgs `ü wh nìig uwlssah{ m`wg kgs urìklsu`sl{l`hs å ba crìkwbl{ì kgdgiigs gh sl{wa{l`h s`clabg `w addgc{ltg urìcalrg( Cgs {ìi`lfhafgs rgba{gh{b“w{lblsa{l`h kg {gcnhlqwgs kg urlsg gh ialh us|cn`b`flqwg qw“lb iahlg gh

ugriahghcg(

Sl ba sìkwc{l`h – qwl c`hkwl{ kg {`w{gs bgs daæ`hs å b“assgrtlssgigh{) k“whg ur`lg

ìcn`wg" lb uassg klrgc{gigh{ å ba unasg afrgssltg `ü lb ta kìub`|gr kgs {rìs`rs kgugrtgrsl{ì u`wr s`wig{{rg `w ahìah{lr s`h aktgrsalrg kìcbarì = ª mg sals

cìoa{{rg cbaig){)lb uwoblqwgigh{ gh d`rig k“atgr{lssgigh{ º(

Lb dglh{ b“lh{ìrí{ u`wr b“aw{rg

Lb hg sg uassl`hhg u`wr bgs aw{rgs qwg kg iahlîrg swugrdlclgbbg uwlsqwg s`h sgwbcgh{rg k“lh{ìrí{ tìrl{aobg c“gs{ bwl" sa ugrs`hhgs" sgs nwigwrs" s`h ubalslr( Bas|iua{nlg gs{ {`wm`wrs dglh{g g{ hg u`wrswl{ qwg bg ow{ g~{ìrlgwr qw“lb s“gs{ dl~ì= s“lb

ì{aobl{ wh blgh qwl sgiobg ugrs`hhgb" c“gs{ whlqwgigh{ u`wr crìgr wh cblia{ urùlcg å



ba ilsg gh c`hdlahcg uwls b“lhs{rwigh{ablsa{l`h kg b“aw{rg( U`wr sg dalrg" lb gs{uardal{gigh{ cauaobg k“akau{gr s`h a{{l{wkg å ba ugrs`hhg qw“lb tgw{ {ral{gr(

Lb gh{ralhg b“aw{rg kahs wh c|cbg kg kìughkahcgs

U`wr ass`lr b“lh{ìrí{ qw“`h bwl u`r{g g{ ò{ghlr whg abbìfgahcg rgk`wobìg `w whg kìughkahcg addgc{ltg å s`h ìfark" lb s`wddbgra bg cnawk g{ bg dr`lk ab{grhah{ bgs c`wuskg cœwr g{ bgs obïigs = lb urìg{ whg ubacg uwls dal{ {raèhgr" lb k`hhg uwls rgurghk" lbdba{{g uwls lhswb{g" lb sg bltrg aw~ ulrgs nwilbla{l`hs uwls dal{ ght`|gr kgs dbgwrs mwsqw“å

ba ur`cnalhg nwilbla{l`h(

Cìig {`w{ iahluwba{gwr" Fg`rfgs [r`h s“gdd`rcg kg ubacgr bgs ugrs`hhgs ghc`hdlahcg atah{ k“g~lfgr k“gbbgs kgs cìu`r{gigh{s qw“gbbgs liaflhgh{ qwasl

lhl{la{lqwgs u`wr bg c`hqwìrlr ials qwl gh rìabl{ì accr`lssgh{ bgwr aoalssgigh{

us|cn`b`flqwg: lb g~lfg {`wm`wrs ubws g{ sg urìsgh{g u`wr cgba gh u`sl{l`h kg tlc{lig"kg ur`{gc{gwr {ranl g{ bgs dal{ gh{rgr sahs qw“gbbgs s“gh augræ`ltgh{ kahs wh c|cbg kg

kìughkahcg" addgc{ltg" ia{ìrlgbbg" s`clabg" us|cn`b`flqwg(

Lb hg urghk maials gh cìu{g bgs ogs`lhs g{ bgs sgh{ligh{s kgs aw{rgs" sawd u`wr s“gh

sgrtlr" iahluwbgr sa tlc{lig" b“ls`bgr g{ b“aighgr å dalrg cg qw“lb tgw{( Lb gs{

ìf`cgh{rlqwg" g~lfg kg b“aw{rg ba ugrdgc{l`h( Cg{{g g~lfghcg sgr{ å ba cwbuaolblsa{l`hqwl bwl k`hhg bg u`wt`lr swuubìigh{alrg k“aos`wkrg `w kg klsfraclgr aw~ |gw~ kwfr`wug(

Lb bgs lhcl{g å kgs cìu`r{gigh{s i`rabgigh{ `w uìhabgigh{ rìurìnghslobgs u`wrilgw~ bgs {ghlr uar kgs ighacgs kg rìtìba{l`hs( Alhsl sahs iíig sahs rghkrgcìu{g" b“whg kgs ubalfhah{gs s“gs{ rg{r`wtìg accwsìg kg t`bs" kìbl{ daorlqwì qwl h“a

sgrtl{ qw“å ba raoalssgr u`wr ò{ghlr k“gbbg kg h`wtgbbgs g~lfghcgs sg~wgbbgs kg ubwsgh ubws atlblssah{gs(

Lb s`wig{

Fg`rfgs [r`h dal{ gh ugriahghcg kgs dgiigs kg tìrl{aobgs ur`lgs sg~wgbbgs = bauassah{g qw“lb rghc`h{rg g{ qw“lb gddbgwrg atgc wh alr tlclgw~: ba iîrg kg ba dailbbg qw“lb

rgæ`l{ u`wr whg ubacg gh crîcng g{ qwl sg rg{r`wtg ulgks hws kahs bg owrgaw kw ialrgu`wr whg sìahcg kg {rlu`{afg" ba c`bbao`ra{rlcg qw“lb dal{ i`h{gr u`wr ª t`lr whk`sslgr º g{ qwl sgra s`wilsg å wh cìrìi`hlab tlslobgigh{ liiwaobg kg tl`bs(

D`hkaigh{abgigh{" atgc sgs ur`lgs sg~wgbbgs" lb sg sl{wg katah{afg kahs bakìiarcng kw Kì Mwah qwg kw Casah`ta : bg urgilgr c`hqwlgr{ ials hg uassg uas

d`rcìigh{ å b“ac{g uwlsqwg" kahs ba ug{l{g nls{`lrg" lb ght`lg s`h kìgs{lqwg s“asswrgr qwg ba ogbbg sgra aw rghkg})t`ws( B“ahh`hcg kg sa urlsg swddl{ å bwl ur`cwrgr kw

ubalslr( Bg Casah`ta aw c`h{ralrg sìkwl{" c`hsìig( Lb gs{ rgiarqwaobg qw“å b“lhtgrsg

kg Fg`rfgs [r`h kahs bgs kgw~ cas" b“wh g{ b“aw{rg s“ghd wlgh{ liiìkla{gigh{ aurîs(



U`wr Fg`rfgs [r`h" ba c`hqwí{g a u`wr i`|gh ba sìkwc{l`h : gbbg sg u`wrswl{ kahskgs rauu`r{s k`hmwahlqwgs c“gs{ klrg gh b“`ccwrrghcg u`wr Fg`rfgs [r`h kw

t`|gwrlsig bg ubws s`wtgh{ h`h c`hsìiì g{ whg afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg sahsuìhì{ra{l`h(

Kg sl{wa{l`hs kg rauu`r{s c`h{ralh{s uar ba ighacg" ba rwsg u`wr uar hìcgssl{ì" lb h“gh

ìur`wtg awcwh sgh{ligh{ kg cwbuaolbl{ì uwlsqw“lb c`hslkîrg qw“lb bgwr a dal{ n`hhgwr kg

bgwr acc`rkgr sgs datgwrs iíig sg~wgbbgs( Aw d`hk kg bwl" lb gs{lig qwg sgs tlc{ligsh“atalgh{ uas å ª í{rg sl oí{gs( º sa rìdbg~l`h aw m`wrhab bg i`hkg c`hs{l{wg kg cgu`lh{ kg twg whg d`rig k“atgw b`rsqw“lb c`hslkìral{ qwg ª bgs ubalfhah{gs ì{algh{lhcauaobgs kg u`r{gr ubalh{gs uar gbbg)iíig º(

Ials å ba klddìrghcg kw Kì Mwah `w kw Casah`ta" lb hg s“ghdwlra uas ials sg

kìbgc{gra kg ba s`wilssl`h kg sa tlc{lig qw“lb alig t`lr s`wddrlr gh gsuìrah{ u`wrt`lrsg kìbgc{gr kg ba i`r{ qw“gbbg sg sgra k`hhìg(

Lb cngrcng å ahìah{lr b“aw{rg

C`hcrî{gigh{" whg d`ls qw“lb awra ª c`hqwls º sa tlc{lig" qw“lb cngrcngra å gh

kì{rwlrg b“liafg uar bg narcîbgigh{(

U`wrqw`l awcwh us|cn`b`fwg c`hswb{ì hg b“a lh{grr`fì swr bg swlclkg qw“lb urìg{{al{ å

{`w{ bg i`hkg g{ swr bgs c`hkl{l`hs kw swlclkg kg sa urùrg sœwr(

S`h bahfafg gs{ kìbloìrìigh{ db`w g{ liurìcls u`wr sg rìsgrtgr kgs u`sslolbl{ìs kg

rì{rac{a{l`h = ª mg h“al maials kl{ cgba (( ª t`ws igh{g}(( º(Lb w{lblsg wh bahfafg k`h{ lb s`wnal{g qw“lb hg sgra uas cìurls u`wr ubacgr b“aw{rg gh

sl{wa{l`h k“lhdìrl`rl{ì" u`wr daclbl{gr ghswl{g sa ilsg gh accwsa{l`h( Lb iwb{lublg bgsuarak`~gs u`wr rghkrg sa ughsìg `w sgs lh{gh{l`hs klddlclbgigh{ cgrhaobgs" gh{rg{ghlrwhg c`hdwsl`h qwl dgra ugrkrg å b“aw{rg sgs rguîrgs(

G{ cìig bgs ugrtgrs wsgh{ kw iíig i`kg ùìra{`lrg" lb w{lblsgra {`wm`wrs bgsiíigs iì{n`kgs kg kìs{aolblsa{l`h(

Sg i`qwgr kg sgs c`htlc{l`hs" kg sgs cn`l~" kg sgs f`ú{sHg ubws bwl akrgssgr ba uar`bg"Bg rlklcwblsgr gh uwoblc"Bg kìhlfrgr kgtah{ bgs aw{rgsBg urltgr kg {`w{g u`sslolbl{ì kg s“g~urligrSg fawssgr kg sgs u`lh{s dalobgsDalrg kgs rgiarqwgs kìsòblfgah{gs" sahs maials bgs g~ublcl{grIg{{rg gh k`w{g sgs cauacl{ìs kg mwfgigh{ g{ kg kìclsl`h

Uar{lcwblîrgigh{ ur`cìkwrlgr lb `rfahlsgra kgs tìrl{aobgs ugrcwssl`hs mwklclalrgs `w

akilhls{ra{ltgs( Unlbluug orwh" cahklka{ k“ùu`sl{l`h a ì{ì b“òmg{ k“wh hìorglhcr`|aobg kg ur`cìkwrgs(



Kahs bg c`hdbl{" lb ta {`wm`wrs cngrcngr bg i`{ qwl obgssg" b“ac{l`h qwl sabl{" b“abbìfa{l`hqwl s`ws gh{ghk" b“ac{l`h qwl dal{ bg ubws kg iab( Lb asswmg{{l{ sgs s`wddrg)k`wbgwr `wsgs ghhgils g{ bgs u`wssg å ba kìurgssl`h" å ba tl`bghcg" å ba ugrtgrsl`h" å ba d`blg" åba iabaklg t`lrg g{ gsuîrg ̀ wtgr{gigh{ ba i`r{ uar swlclkg(

Ab`rs qwg bg us|cnùa{ng {wg sa tlc{lig : Fg`rfgs [r`h cìig {`w{ ugrtgrsharclsslqwg ba iab{ral{g mwsqw“å b“ahìah{lr i`rabgigh{ g{" sl u`sslobg" ba u`wssgr aw

swlclkg(M`wah{ kg sa rìuw{a{l`h k“lh{ìfrl{ì" lb unaf`c|{gra sa tlc{lig gh ò{ghah{

b“auuròa{l`h g{ iíig bg c`hc`wrs kg sgs akm`lh{s g{ c`bbao`ra{gwrs" gw~)iíigsiahluwbìs(

Lb hg u`wrswl{ qw“wh sgwb òmgc{ld = b“ahìah{lssgigh{ kg b“aw{rg( Katah{afg qwgu`ssìkgr b“aw{rg" lb a ogs`lh kg bg kì{rwlrg

c, Kahs bg c`hdbl{" lb dal{ urgwtg k“whg ghkwrahcg g{ whg narfhg sahsìfab

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ å b“alsg kahs bg c`hdbl{ g{ sgiobg s“gh kìbgc{gr( S“gh ì{ah{

mwsqw“å urìsgh{ s`r{l {`wm`wrs lhkgihg" lb | a tw ba u`sslolbl{ì kg ig{{rg gh ìtlkghcgb“lbbwsl`h kg sa {`w{g uwlssahcg(

B`rsqw“lb kìclkg kg s“a{{aqwgr å qwgbqw“wh" ail k`h{ lb sg kìoarrassg `wghhgil qwl bwl a rìsls{ì" lb dal{ urgwtg k“whg narfhg g{ k“whg kì{grilha{l`h n`rs kw

cìiwh qwl {ìi`lfhg kg b“lhdbg~lolbl{ì k“whg rahcwhg lhg~{lhfwlobg g{ liubacaobg= lb gs{cauaobg kg kìubacgr clgb g{ {grrg u`wr uartghlr å sgs dlhs g{ h`{aiigh{ uassgrubwslgwrs kl}alhgs k“auugbs u`wr `rfahlsgr whg caoabg c`h{rg qwgbqw“wh qw“lb a sgb`h

s`h g~urgssl`h giurwh{ì å ba cnassg ª lkgh{ldlì º( Ba urìdgc{wrg g{ h`{aiigh{ bgcaolhg{ kw urìdg{ bg sal{ klsu`sì h`h sgwbgigh{ å wh cìu`r{gigh{ c`bìrlqwglhsghsì ials awssl cauaobg kg narcîbgigh{ {ìbìun`hlqwg u`wr ò{ghlr sa{lsdac{l`h( :lb sg bahcg" uard`ls sahs iíig rìdbìcnlr" kahs {`ws bgs g~cîs = lb gs{ cauaobg k“wsgr g{iíig k“aowsgr .aw sghs mwrlklqwg kw {grig, kg {`ws sgs u`wt`lrs kg ialrg" kgkìuw{ì" kg ilhls{rg" kg Urìslkgh{ kìuar{gigh{ab kg b“WIU" urìslkgh{ kg ba

CA( C`h{rg whg ugrs`hhg lkgh{ldlìg cìig ª ghhgil º" u`wr kgs or`w{lbbgs" lb ugw{iòlblsgr {`w{gs bgs rgba{l`hs qw“lb c`hhal{( C“gs{ alhsl – h`ws b“at`hs tw) qwg s`wsc`h{rûbg mwklclalrg" lb cr`l{ u`wt`lr acng{gr wh daw~ {ìi`lfhafg qwl accrìkl{gral{ bgurì{ghkw cìub`{ k`h{ lb sg kl{ tlc{lig" uar wh uassg)kr`l{ dlscab g{ whg lh{grtgh{l`hìcrl{g awurîs kw ilhls{rg Bgbb`wcng(

Kahs bg c`hdbl{" Lb ugw{ sg bltrgr å wh narcîbgigh{ swr kgs i`ls( C“gs{ alhsl qwg

s„ì{ah{ tw ìc`hkwl{ uar ba Cìilssalrg kg u`blcg kg Kratglb u`wr wh cìu`r{gigh{ª lhauurùrlì º" lb h“a uas nìsl{ì å ba narcgbgr kwrah{ kgs i`ls ab`rs qw“gbbg ì{al{

ghcglh{g( Lb a ò{ghw kw sìha{gwr)ialrg Oì{glbbg kgs a{{gs{a{l`hs swr ba urì{ghkwg

lhcìuì{ghcg kg cg{{g d`hc{l`hhalrg g~giubalrg g{ gs{ uartghwg å s`h bli`fgafg(



k, Wh í{rg sahs ul{lì hl rg{ghwg

_lgh hg b“arrí{g" hl ba ul{lì" hl ba i`rabg hl iíig ba kìcghcg = lb gs{uardal{gigh{ lhklddìrgh{ å ba s`wddrahcg qw“lb lhdblfg : lb h“ìur`wtg hl s|iua{nlg hl

cìuassl`h : c“gs{ cg{{g aosghcg kg sgh{ligh{ g{ kg oarrlîrg i`rabg qwl d`h{b“gssgh{lgb kg sa d`rcg(

Lb gs{ cauaobg" sahs iíig r`wflr kg sa iìcnahcg{ì qwasl crlilhgbbg" kg sgtah{gr k“at`lr `rfahlsì b“ghbîtgigh{ kgs cnawklîrgs k“wh nûul{ab u`wr giuícngr

b“accwglb kg ugrs`hhg sahs aorl gh uìrl`kgs kg frahks dr`lks . t`lr ar{lcbg kw CaharkGhcnaèhì {lrì kgs k`sslgrs,( Cg{{ addalrg bwl atal{ tabw whg bg{{rg `wtgr{g k“wh naol{ah{

kg Cnaiur`sa| . ahhg~g 14,

Lb hg rgcwbg kgtah{ awcwh i`{" hl awcwh ur`cìkì kg urgssl`h" kg klddaia{l`h"k“lh{lilka{l`h= ª sl t`ws dal{gs qwgbqwg cn`sg c`h{rg i`l" mg t`ws dgral rg{lrgr ba farkg

kg t`{rg ghdah{․ º : lb urìg{ å sgs clobgs kgs ghhwls atgc b“akilhls{ra{l`h swr

baqwgbbg lb a urlsg: lb bgwr urìg{ ba rwlhg" bg kìsn`hhgwr `w iíig bg swlclkg( Lb dal{c`ht`qwgr kgs cl{`|ghs å ba u`blcg u`wr bgs lh{lilkgr s`l{ uar kgs u`blclgrs cìublcgsaflssah{ n`rs cakrg bìfab" s`l{ swr accwsa{l`hs ighs`hfîrgs : lb dal{ `rfahlsgr uar s`hklrgc{gwr kg caolhg{ ilhls{ìrlgb" I( I`r`htab qwl wswrug ba d`hc{l`h kg ª cìilssalrgkg ugriahghcg º .ahhg~g 16," whg kgscgh{g kg u`blcg cng} wh uar{lcwblgr( Swr whi`{ld dw{lbg" lb dal{ arrí{gr kwrah{ clhq i`ls bgs {rataw~ kg rgc`hs{rwc{l`h kg ba ials`hk“whg naol{ah{g rìuw{ìg ùu`sah{g( Lb uwoblg kahs {`w{g ba tlbbg | cìurls swr bg sl{glh{grhg{ iwhlcluab b“akrgssg k“wh ùu`sah{ gh bg urìsgh{ah{ kw Dr`h{ ha{l`hab u`wr bg

s`wig{{rg å ba urgssl`h k“wh b|hcnafg s`clab g{c․

_LGH HG B“A__G[G_A SAWD BG UGHAB

_args s`h{ cgw~ qwl `h{ uw rìsls{gr å ba urgssl`h( Kg b“gdd`hkrgigh{ kg b“aw{rg `w kw

iabngwr qw“lb a ur`t`qwì" lb gh h`wrrl{ whg m`wlssahcg addlriìg g{ gh{rg{lgh{ alhsl bgsgh{ligh{ kg uwlssahcg qwl cìobg s`h tlkg lh{gbbgc{wgb g{ addgc{ld( Maials" iíigubacì kgtah{ kgs ac{gs lii`raw~( Lb hg rgssgh{ g{ h“g~urlig maials awcwhg

cwbuaolbl{ì(

) Lsaogbbg Ha}arg)Afa qwl a ì{wklì bgs ugrtgrs harclsslqwgs urù`sg whg bls{gkg 35 carac{ìrls{lqwgs suìcldlqwgs qwl k`ltgh{ í{rg bwgs cìig aw{ah{ kg slfhaw~k“abgr{g å {`w{g ugrs`hhg kahs b“lh{grr`fa{l`h(

.n{{u=//vvv(ob`fkgl(cì/lhkg~(unu/?556/56/?;/?37>)bgs)35)crl{grgs)kw)iahluwba{gwr)uar)lsaogbbg)ha}arg)afa ,

http://www.blogdei.com/index.php/2007/07/24/2358-les-30-criteres-du-manipulateur-par-isabelle-nazare-aga








) Cgr{alhs c`hs{a{s rìcwrrgh{s swddlsgh{ u`wr c`hslkìrgr qw“lb | a kahfgr = gh

t`lcl bgs urlhcluaw~ =

) ª 1( Lb cwbuaolblsg bgs aw{rgs aw hì kw blgh dailblab" kg b“ail{lì" kg b“ai`wr" kg

ba c`hsclghcg ur`dgssl`hhgbbg

) ?( Lb rgu`r{g sa rgsu`hsaolbl{ì swr bgs aw{rgs" `w sg kìig{ kgs slghhgs

) 3( Lb hg cìiwhlqwg uas cbalrgigh{ sgs kgiahkgs" sgs ogs`lhs" sgssgh{ligh{s g{ ùlhl`hs

) ;( Lb rìu`hk {rîs s`wtgh{ kg daæ`h db`wg

) 7( Lb cnahfg sgs ùlhl`hs" sgs cìu`r{gigh{s" sgs sgh{ligh{s sgb`h bgsugrs`hhgs `w bgs sl{wa{l`hs

) 4( Lb lht`qwg kgs rals`hs b`flqwgs u`wr kìfwlsgr sgs kgiahkgs

) 6( Lb dal{ cr`lrg aw~ aw{rgs qw“lbs k`ltgh{ í{rg uardal{s" qw“lbs hg k`ltgh{ maialscnahfgr k“atls" qw“lbs k`ltgh{ {`w{ sat`lr g{ rìu`hkrg liiìkla{gigh{ aw~

kgiahkgs g{ qwgs{l`hs

) >( Lb ig{ gh k`w{g bgs qwabl{ìs" ba cìuì{ghcg" ba ugrs`hhabl{ì kgs aw{rgs = lbcrl{lqwg sahs gh at`lr b“alr" kìtab`rlsg g{ mwfg

) <( Lb dal{ dalrg sgs igssafgs uar aw{rwl

) 15( Lb sîig ba }l}ahlg g{ crìg ba swsulcl`h" kltlsg u`wr ilgw~ rìfhgr

) 11( Lb sal{ sg ubacgr gh tlc{lig u`wr qw“`h bg ubalfhg

) 1?( Lb lfh`rg bgs kgiahkgs iíig s“lb kl{ s“gh `ccwugr

) 13( Lb w{lblsg bgs urlhclugs i`raw~ kgs aw{rgs u`wr ass`wtlr sgs ogs`lhs

) 1;( Lb ighacg kg daæ`h kìfwlsìg" `w ura{lqwg wh cnah{afg `wtgr{

) 17( Lb cnahfg carrìigh{ kg swmg{ aw c`wrs k“whg c`htgrsa{l`h

) 14( Lb ìtl{g `w s“ìcnauug kg b“gh{rg{lgh" kg ba rìwhl`h

) 16( Lb ilsg swr b“lfh`rahcg kgs aw{rgs g{ dal{ cr`lrg gh sa swuìrl`rl{ì

) 1>( Lb igh{

) 1<( Lb urícng bg daw~ u`wr sat`lr bg tral

) ?5( Lb gs{ ìf`cgh{rlqwg

) ?1( Lb ugw{ í{rg mab`w~

) ??( Lb hg swuu`r{g uas ba crl{lqwg g{ hlg bgs ìtlkghcgs

) ?3( Lb hg {lgh{ uas cìu{g kgs kr`l{s" kgs ogs`lhs g{ kgs kìslrs kgs aw{rgs



) ?;( Lb w{lblsg s`wtgh{ bg kgrhlgr iìgh{ u`wr `rk`hhgr `w dalrg aflr aw{rwl

) ?7( S`h klsc`wrs uaraè{ b`flqwg `w c`nìrgh{ ab`rs qwg sgs a{{l{wkgsrìu`hkgh{ aw scnìia ùu`sì

) ?4( Lb dba{{g u`wr t`ws ubalrg" dal{ kgs cakgaw~" sg ig{ s`wkalh aw~ ug{l{ss`lhs u`wr t`ws

) ?6( Lb ur`kwl{ wh sgh{ligh{ kg iabalsg `w kg h`h)blogr{ì

) ?>( Lb gs{ uardal{gigh{ gddlcacg u`wr a{{glhkrg sgs urùrgs ow{s ials aw~kìughs k“aw{rwl

) ?<( Lb h`ws dal{ dalrg kgs cn`sgs qwg h`ws h“awrl`hs uròaobgigh{ uas dal{kg h`{rg urùrg frì

) 35( Lb dal{ c`hs{aiigh{ b“òmg{ kgs c`htgrsa{l`hs" iíig b`rsqw“lb h“gs{

uas bå º

Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ wh ugrtgrs harclsslqwg qwg rlgh sawd bg uìhab hg ugw{ arrí{gr(Iíig ils gh cawsg kahs kgs addalrgs kg tl`bs" lb a c`h{lhwg gh ialrlg sgsnarcîbgigh{s" sgs uar{lgs dlhgs g{ tralsgiobaobgigh{ kgs rgba{l`hs h`h c`hsgh{ls(Bgs naol{ah{s hg s`h{ uas kwugs g{ c`h{lhwgh{ kg kìh`hcgr sgs iìdal{s .a hhg~g 1>,s`wtgh{ kg iahlîrg lr`hlqwg(

Ba ugrtgrsl{ì h“gs{ uas wh {r`wobg us|cnla{rlqwg ials whg ra{l`habl{ì fbaclabg

accìuafhìg k“whg lhcauacl{ì å rgc`hhaè{rg bgs fghs cìig kgs í{rgs nwialhs( Ba

iam`rl{ì kgs ugrtgrs w{lblsgh{ bgwr cnarig g{ bgwrs dacwb{ìs k“akau{a{l`h u`wr sg crìgr

wh cngilh kahs ba s`clì{ì sahs sg urì`ccwugr kgs ugrs`hhgs obgssìgs g{ kgs tlgskìtas{ìgs uar bgwrs ac{gs(

@h hg ugw{ cìurghkrg ba ugrtgrsl{ì harclsslqwg qw“gh ig{{ah{ ghsgiobg kgs

ìbìigh{s ìuars uas d`rcgigh{ fratgs gh gw~ iíigs( Bg {aobgaw dlhab gs{ s`wtgh{gddra|ah{(

Bg narcgbgwr gs{ wh urìka{gwr( Sa urgilîrg ura{lqwg gs{ kg uarab|sgr sa tlc{lig

u`wr b“giuícngr k“aflr" kg sg kìdghkrg g{ arrltgr å ba ig{{rg kahs ba u`sl{l`h k“lhs{aolbl{ìus|cn`b`flqwg( B`rsqwg bg urìka{gwr a kgs i`|ghs k“aw{`rl{ìs uwoblqwgs u`wr aflr bgs

c`hsìqwghcgs kg cg{{g tl`bghcg s`wtgh{ lhslklgwsg s`h{ ìu`wtah{aobgs( Lb gs{ rgc`hhwqwg ba ugrtgrsl{ì harclsslqwg sg {grilhg s`wtgh{ uar kgs aows sg~wgbs(

Kahs b“addalrg [r`h" bgs aw{`rl{ìs kg c`h{rûbg satalgh{ ials h“`h{ rlgh kl{" h“`h{

rlghdal{( Ulrg gbbgs `h{ balssì sg cìig{{rg b“lhhìiaobg(



Ahhg~gs

Ahhg~g1 = Bg Uarlslgh ?7 ial ?511



Ahhg~g ? = M`wrhab Gbbg bg 35/57/?511 = ª M“al kgs ìbìigh{s qwl kìi`h{rgh{ qwg

bgwr kìiarcng gs{ lhsulrì uar whg tghfgahcg ugrs`hhgbbg º

n{{u=//vvv(gbbg(dr/S`clg{g/Hgvs/Ialrlg)kg)Kratglb)Fg`rfgs)[r`h)h)gh{ghk)uas)kgilssl`hhgr)1455;6>/.addlcnafg,/atls/.bls{lhf,/abb

http://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Mairie-de-Draveil-Georges-Tron-n-entend-pas-demissionner-1600478/(affichage)/avis/(listing)/all







Ahhg~g 3 = addalrg kg b“giub`l alkì kg ba ogbbg sœwr kg Fg`rfgs [r`h

n{{u=//vvv(rwg><(c`i/c`hdlkgh{lgbs/?511/5?/17/fg`rfgs){r`h)wh)ialrg)olgh)cnarl{aobg)atgc)sa)ogbbg)s`gwr)1<5443



Ahhg~g ; = Fg`rfgs [r`h ìt`qwg wh urì{ghkw ª c`h{gh{lgw~ urltì º qwl b“`uu`sg

å ba dailbbg Bg Ugh



Ahhg~g 7 = U`wr {gh{gr kg {“ì{a|gr sa {nîsg swr bg urì{ghkw ª c`iub`{ kw Dr`h{ha{l`hab º" fg`rfgs [r`h g{ Iaè{rg Scnhgro i`hha|g wh {ìi`lfhafg

Bg Uarlslgh ?1/1?(?511



Ahhg~g 4 = Fg`rfgs [r`h s“ìcrl{ whg bg{{rg kg s`w{lgh qwl sg slfhìg uar MD C`uì"Sgcrì{alrg fìhìrab kg b“WIU kahs baqwgbbg lb qwabldlg kg ª ug{l{gs igsqwlhgrlgs ºkgs accwsa{l`hs mwklclalrgs kg tl`bs uar ugrs`hhg a|ah{ aw{`rl{ì(



Ahhg~g 6 = Fg`rfgs [r`h g~lfg qwg cg s`l{ bg Urìslkgh{ kg ba rìuwoblqwg qwl bwlkgiahkg sa kìilssl`h

n{{u=//vvv(bg~urgss(dr/ac{wabl{g/u`bl{lqwg/fg`rfgs){r`h)hg)kgilssl`hhgra)uas)sawdP<<6;?7(n{ib

) Fg`rfgs [r`h hg kìilssl`hhgra uas"

sawd(((

Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba D`hc{l`h uwoblqwg Fg`rfgs [r`h å Uarls bg 1< atrlb ?511

adu(c`i/Ulgrrg Tgrk|Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ hg qwl{{gra uas bg f`wtgrhgigh{" /sawd sl bg urìslkgh{ kg ba

_ìuwoblqwg `w bg Urgilgr ilhls{rg bg bwl kgiahkgh{/(

) B&at`ca{ kg fg`rfg [r`h" Ig @bltlgr Scnhgro" a kìcbarì b`rs k&whg c`hdìrghcg kg

urgssg å ba il)m`wrhìg" qwg s`h cblgh{ qwl /hg kìilssl`hhgra uas/( _gbahcì uar bgs

m`wrhabls{gs" lb a {`w{gd`ls am`w{ì= /Sawd sl bg urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg `w bg

Urgilgr ilhls{rg bwl kgiahkgh{/( M`lh{ aw {ìbìun`hg" lb kìcbarì qwg hl b&wh hl

b&aw{rg hg bwl /`h{ kgiahkì kg kìilssl`hhgr/(

) Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ a rgdwsì kg urìclsgr bg c`h{ghw kg s`h gh{rg{lgh atgc Drahæ`ls

Dlbb`h" qwl b&a rgæw cg tghkrgkl ia{lh å Ia{lfh`h( Bgs kgw~ n`iigs /`h{ ìt`qwì

ghsgiobg {`w{gs bgs liublca{l`hs kg ba sl{wa{l`h kahs baqwgbbg lb .Fg`rfgs [r`h"

hkbr, sg {r`wtg" lbs `h{ g~ailhì {`w{gs bgs c`hsìqwghcgs u`sslobgs/" a){)`h

s`wblfhì kahs b&gh{`wrafg kw Urgilgr ilhls{rg( A ba qwgs{l`h k&whg ìtgh{wgbbg

kìilssl`h kw sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{" ba iíig s`wrcg a rìu`hkw = /@h t`l{ olgh qw&lb

ghtlsafg bgs cn`sgs u`wr bwl)iíig ials awssl u`wr bg f`wtgrhgigh{/(

) Cgs rìac{l`hs lh{grtlghhgh{ aurîs ba uarw{l`h k&wh gh{rg{lgh aw UarlslghAwm`wrk&nwl

gh Drahcg kahs bgqwgb bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba D`hc{l`h uwoblqwg akig{ qwg /baqwgs{l`h kg sa kìilssl`h kw f`wtgrhgigh{ sg u`sg/ aurîs bgs accwsa{l`hs

k&afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg qwl bg tlsgh{ g{ qw&lb hlg(

http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/georges-tron-ne-demissionnera-pas-sauf_997425.html



http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/georges-tron-dans-la-tourmente-je-ne-veux-pas-devenir-genant-28-05-2011-1470548.php









) /Bgs accwsa{l`hs c`h{rg i`l s`h{ dah{alsls{gs/" addlrig Fg`rfg [r`h qwl asswrg

qw&lb h&awra /awcwh iab å ur`wtgr .sa, o`hhg d`l( Ials mg hg tgw~ uas kgtghlr

fíhah{( Gs{)cg qwg ba qwgs{l`h kg ia kìilssl`h kw f`wtgrhgigh{ sg u`sg & @wl"

cg sgral{ lkl`{ kg klrg b&lhtgrsg/" rgc`hhaè{)lb iíig s&lb am`w{g qw&lb /hg .sg, sgh{

uas asslìfì/ g{ sg kl{ /g~{ra`rklhalrgigh{ sgrglh/( /Sl m&al qwgbqwg cn`sg å klrg `w

å ahh`hcgr" mg bg dgral sat`lr aw urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg g{ aw Urgilgr

ilhls{rg/" u`wrswl{ Fg`rfgs [r`h(

_ìac{l`hs= /_gs{gr `w kìilssl`hhgr" c&gs{ å bwl kg cn`lslr/

) Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ aw~ [rahsu`r{s [nlgrr| Iarlahl" lh{grr`fì aw swmg{ kg cg{{g

kìcbara{l`h" a rìu`hkw= /_gs{gr `w kìilssl`hhgr" c&gs{ å bwl kg cn`lslr( C&gs{ å bwl

kg kìclkgr( Lb a bg kr`l{ å ba urìsìu{l`h k&lhh`cghcg( Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ wh ail g{

a {`w{g i`h ail{lì( Lb gs{ urìswiì lhh`cgh{( @h hg ugw{ uas lht`qwgr ba

urìsìu{l`h k&lhh`cghcg u`wr whg ugrs`hhabl{ì kg fawcng g{ uas b&auublqwgr u`wr

k&aw{rgs/" whg abbwsl`h å b&addalrg KSJ(

) A s`h arrltìg aw C`hsglb ha{l`hab cg saigkl" Mgah)Drahæ`ls Cùì a auugbì" kgtah{qwgbqwgs m`wrhabls{gs" å ba /rg{ghwg/ ) cìig lb b&atal{ dal{ å urù`s kg b&addalrg

KSJ ) ials awssl /å ba ubws frahkg urwkghcg/ kahs cg{{g h`wtgbbg addalrg tghwg

uarasl{gr cg ra`w{ kg b&WIU( Bg sgcrì{alrg fìhìrab kg b&WIU a gs{liì qwg c&ì{al{

/sahs k`w{g whg a{{l{wkg g~{ríigigh{ rgsugc{aobg(Ials gbbg h&gs{ uas kg ia

cìuì{ghcg" gbbg gs{ kg cgbbg kw ilhls{rg" kw urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg g{ kw

Urgilgr ilhls{rg g{ c&gs{ å gw~ k&gh kìclkgr ghsgiobg/" a){)lb am`w{ì(

) Lh{grr`fì å s`h {`wr" gh iarfg kg ba rìwhl`h" b&g~)Urgilgr ilhls{rg Mgah)Ulgrrg

_addarlh a rìu`hkw= /i`l" mg hg ig ur`h`hcg uas swr wh k`sslgr qwl gs{ialh{ghah{ gh{rg bgs ialhs kg ba mws{lcg/( Kahs bgs c`wb`lrs kw Uarc kgs

g~u`sl{l`hs U`r{g kg Tgrsalbbgs" `ü sg {lgh{ bg c`hsglb ha{l`hab kw uar{l urìslkgh{lgb"

kgs s`wrcgs WIU h&g~cbwalgh{ uas wh kìuar{ /liilhgh{/ kw sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{"

/kgialh .kliahcng,/" u`wr hg uas `ccwb{gr bg C`hsglb ha{l`hab kg saigkl" /`w

ab`rs kahs bgs m`wrs qwl tlghhgh{/(

) Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ ba clobg kg ubalh{gs kg kgw~ g~)giub`|ìgs iwhlcluabgs kg ba

cìiwhg kg Kratglb .Gss`hhg,( Bg uarqwg{ k&Gtr| a c`hdlì å ba u`blcg mwklclalrg

whg ghqwí{g urìblilhalrg u`wr afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg g{ tl`b( Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ a

lhklqwì uar ba t`l~ kg s`h at`ca{ qw&lb abbal{ ghfafgr whg ur`cìkwrg u`wr

kìh`hcla{l`h cabìhlgwsg(

) Atgc

http://blogs.lexpress.fr/nouvelleformule/2011/05/18/dsk-la-photo-le-sexe-et-les-rumeurs/

http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/affaire-tron-le-passe-trouble-des-plaignantes_997362.html


http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/affaire-tron-le-parquet-ouvre-une-enquete-preliminaire_996251.html

http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/affaire-tron-le-parquet-ouvre-une-enquete-preliminaire_996251.html



http://blogs.lexpress.fr/nouvelleformule/2011/05/18/dsk-la-photo-le-sexe-et-les-rumeurs/



Ahhg~g >= Fg`rfgs [r`h qwl{{g bg f`wtgrhgigh{ swr wh kgab = mg uars ials t`wsig balssg} ba ialrlg kg Kratglb g{ ia clrc`hscrlu{l`h

Bg{{rg kg kìilssl`h kw f`wtgrhgigh{ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h



Fg`rfgs [r`h qwl{{g bg f`wtgrhgigh{

BGI@HKG(D_ atgc ADU ?>(57(11 5<n1?   Ils å m`wr bg ?<(57(11 16n1>

B&ahclgh sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg Fg`rfgs [r`h gh klscwssl`h atgc bgurgilgr ilhls{rg Drahæ`ls Dlbb`h" bg ? iars" å b&Gb|sìg(ADUG_LC DGDG_OG_F

Kahs ba {`wrigh{g kgs accwsa{l`hs kg /narcîbgigh{ sg~wgb/ qwl uîsgh{ swrbwl" bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" Fg`rfgs [r`h" akìilssl`hhì kg sgs d`hc{l`hs f`wtgrhgigh{abgs" kliahcng ?< ial( Ghi`lhs k&wh ah" lb gs{ bg clhqwlîig igiorg kg b&g~ìcw{ld draflblsì uar wh

scahkabg å kgt`lr qwl{{gr sgs d`hc{l`hs(

C&gs{ bg ilhls{rg kw owkfg{ Drahæ`ls Oar`lh" ilhls{rg kg {w{gbbg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h" qwl rgurghk

sgs a{{rlow{l`hs" a ahh`hcì b&Gb|sìg( Cg{{g kìclsl`h klsughsg bg f`wtgrhgigh{ kg ur`cìkgr å wh

bìfgr rgiahlgigh{(

Qwa{rg m`wrs aurîs ba rìtìba{l`h kgsubalh{gs å b&`rlflhg kg b&ghqwí{g qwl bg tlsg" Fg`rfgs [r`h /a lhd`riì cg m`wr bg

urgilgr ilhls{rg Drahæ`ls Dlbb`h kg sa kìilssl`h kw f`wtgrhgigh{/ " ugw{)`h blrg kahs wh c`iiwhlqwì kg Ia{lfh`h( /Bg urgilgr ilhls{rg" gh acc`rk atgc bg

urìslkgh{ kg ba _ìuwoblqwg" urghk ac{g kg cg{{g kìclsl`h qwl hg urìmwfg gh rlgh

http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/88a2/georges-tron.html



http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/a51e/francois-fillon.html



http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/portfolio/2011/05/29/en-un-an-cinq-ministres-touches-par-des-scandales-ont-du-demissionner_1529079_823448.html

http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=devoir

http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=quitter

http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/4c33/francois-baroin.html



http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=proc%C3%A9der



http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/05/29/les-principales-etapes-de-l-affaire-georges-tron_1529087_823448.html



http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=lire








http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=quitter

http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=devoir

http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/portfolio/2011/05/29/en-un-an-cinq-ministres-touches-par-des-scandales-ont-du-demissionner_1529079_823448.html





kgs swl{gs qwl sgr`h{ k`hhìgs uar ba mws{lcg aw~ ubalh{gs kìu`sìgs c`h{rg

Fg`rfgs [r`h g{ k`h{ lb c`h{gs{g bg olgh)d`hkì(/

/M&GH DG_AL WHG ADDAL_G UG_S@HHGBBG/

Kahs whg bg{{rg ght`|ìg å Hlc`bas Sarj`}|" I( [r`h g~ublqwg qw&lb dgra /whg addalrg

ugrs`hhgbbg kg dalrg rgc`hhaè{rg .s`h, lhh`cghcg gh cìoa{{ah{ bgs accwsa{l`hs tlhklca{ltgs

kg kgw~ ahclghhgs c`bbao`ra{rlcgs/( Kahs cg c`wrrlgr" qwg rgur`kwl{ gh lh{ìfrabl{ì

B&G~urgss(dr" b&ahclgh sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ u`wrswl{ = /Qw`l qw&lb gh s`l{" ba caiuafhg kg urgssgqw&gbbgs `h{ ur`t`qwìg ) atah{ {`w{g lh{grtgh{l`h kg b&aw{`rl{ì mwklclalrg ) a rgæw wh {gb ìcn`

kahs bgs iìklas" qwg h`s c`hcl{`|ghs ugwtgh{ ig c`hslkìrgr cìig c`wuaobg atah{ qwg igs

kr`l{s algh{ uw cìighcgr å í{rg ils gh `gwtrg = s`hfg}" I`hslgwr bg Urìslkgh{ kg ba

_ìuwoblqwg" qwg mg h&al iíig uas ghc`rg c`hhalssahcg kg ba ubalh{g qwl ig tlsg" ba ur`cìkwrg

hg bg urìt`|ah{ uas .sahs k`w{g uarcg qw&gbbg hg urìt`l{ uas h`h ubws bg ur`cîs uwoblc qwl

i&gs{ dal{,/" ìcrl{ b&ahclgh sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg(

B&ahclgh sgcrì{alrg k“G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg g{ ialrg WIU kg Kratglb .Gss`hhg,Fg`rfgs [r`h" bg 1< atrlb ?511" å Uarls(ADUULG__G TG_K\

Gh ubglhg addalrg KSJ" bg kìuar{ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h ì{al{ a{{ghkw( Saigkl ia{lh" bg M`wrhab kw

kliahcng lhklqwal{ qwg /Drahæ`ls Dlbb`h s&gs{ cnarfì kg dl~gr bgs i`kabl{ìs k&whg kìilssl`h

kgtghwg lhìtl{aobg kguwls bgs accwsa{l`hs k&afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg uar kgw~ giub`|ìgs

iwhlcluabgs/(

B&gh{`wrafg kg b&ahclgh sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba d`hc{l`h uwoblqwg" wh g~)tlbbgulhls{g gh{rì awf`wtgrhgigh{ gh iars ?515" atal{ lhklqwì kliahcng ia{lh qw&lb qwl{{gral{ sgs d`hc{l`hs /sahs

kìbal/" sl whg kgiahkg gh cg sghs ì{al{ d`riwbìg uar bg urìslkgh{ Hlc`bas Sarj`}| `w bg

urgilgr ilhls{rg Drahæ`ls Dlbb`h(

Whg iahlîrg kg slfhldlgr qwg b&g~ìcw{ld atal{ ugw{)í{rg i`h{rì wh ugw ubws urìclsìigh{ ba

u`r{g kg s`r{lg å Fg`rfgs [r`h" rì{lcgh{ å wh kìuar{ su`h{ahì g{ qwl asswral{ saigkl h &at`lr

ghc`rg rgæw awcwhg kgiahkg kg kìilssl`h( B&g~)sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ h&a k&albbgwrs uas ghc`rg

accîs å ba ur`cìkwrg g{ s`h awkl{l`h uar bgs ghqwí{gwrs h&gs{ uas liilhgh{g" sgb`h bg uarqwg{

k&Gtr|(

http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/6ba2/nicolas-sarkozy.html


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=faire


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=reconna%C3%AEtre


http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/la-lettre-de-demission-de-georges-tron_997618.html


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=consid%C3%A9rer



http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=commencer


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=%C3%AAtre


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=fixer


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=signifier


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=avoir















WHG [_@LSLÎIG TLC[LIG 0

Kgw~ ahclghhgs giub`|ìgs iwhlcluabgs kg Kratglb .Gss`hhg," tlbbg k`h{ lb gs{ bg ialrg" `h{

kìu`sì ubalh{g u`wr /narcîbgigh{ sg~wgb/ c`h{rg I( [r`h( Bgs kgw~ dgiigs" kìdghkwgs uar

Ig Flbogr{ C`bbark" `h{ ì{ì gh{ghkwgs" mgwkl ?4 ial" uar ba u`blcg mwklclalrg kg Tgrsalbbgs(

Gbbgs accwsgh{ I( [r`h" akgu{g kg ba rìdbg~`b`flg ubah{alrg" kg bgwr at`lr ur`klfwì kgs

iassafgs kg ulgk qwl `h{ kìfìhìrì gh tl`bghcgs sg~wgbbgs(

B&ghqwí{g ugw{ ao`w{lr å wh cbassgigh{ sahs swl{g" å b&`wtgr{wrg k&whg lhs{rwc{l`h `w å wh

rght`l kgtah{ wh {rlowhab c`rrgc{l`hhgb kahs bg cas kw kìbl{ k&afrgssl`h sg~wgb( Sgb`h ba

ur`cwrgwrg kg ba _ìuwoblqwg kg b&Gss`hhg" sl bgs dal{s rgur`cnìs å Fg`rfgs [r`h ì{algh{ atìrìs"

lbs u`wrralgh{ í{rg qwabldlìs k&afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg g{ kg tl`b(

Kliahcng" bg MKK rìtîbg qw&whg {r`lslîig tlc{lig urìswiìg sg sgral{ iahldgs{ìg g{ kgtral{

í{rg gh{ghkwg kahs ba sgialhg uar bgs ghqwí{gwrs( Lb s&afl{ k&whg cìilssalrg kg Kratglb"

kìubacìg /å ba kgiahkg/ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h gh kìow{ k&ahhìg( Wh s|hklcabls{g u`blclgr a

g~ublqwì aw MKK qwg bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ /s&gs{ acnarhì swr gbbg ughkah{ kgs i`ls( .(((, Mg hg

sals uas g~ac{gigh{ cg qwl s&gs{ uassì gh{rg gw~" ials mg sals qw&gbbg a {rîs iab tìcw {`w{ ca/ "a){)lb c`hdlì(

Bg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ urìuarg kìmå sa rlu`s{g( Lb a lhklqwì uar ba t`l~ kg s`h at`ca{ qw&lb abbal{

ghfafgr whg ur`cìkwrg u`wr kìh`hcla{l`h cabìhlgwsg( Kahs whg kìcbara{l`h aw

UarlslghAwm`wrk&nwl gh Drahcg" lb a addlriì = /Bgs accwsa{l`hs c`h{rg i`l s`h{ dah{alsls{gs/"

g{ asswrì qw&lb h&awral{ /awcwh iab å ur`wtgr .sa, o`hhg d`l/(

MWUUÌ = /BA O@HHG KÌCLSL@H/

Ab`rs qwg ba cbassg u`bl{lqwg tlgh{ kìmå k&í{rg ìorahbìg uar b&addalrg Kìlhlqwg S{rawss)Janh"

bg ilhls{rg kgs addalrgs ì{rahfîrgs Abalh Mwuuì a auur`wtì bg kìuar{ kg Fg`rfgs [r`h kwf`wtgrhgigh{( /Mg ughsg qw&lb a urls ba o`hhg kìclsl`h/" a){)lb cìigh{ì swr Cahab*( /Mg h&al

uas kg bgæ`h å k`hhgr ials lb | a kgs iìgh{s `ü lb daw{ sat`lr urghkrg sgs rgsu`hsaolbl{ìs

s`l)iíig/" atal{)lb kìmå gs{liì atah{ b&ahh`hcg kg ba kìilssl`h(

U`wr bg urìslkgh{ kw I`Kgi Drahæ`ls Oa|r`w" lh{grr`fì uar Bg Uarlslgh kliahcng" bgs

accwsa{l`hs k&afrgssl`h sg~wgbbg u`r{ìgs c`h{rg I( [r`h uar kgw~ g~)giub`|ìgs iwhlcluabgs

kg Kratglb .Gss`hhg," tlbbg k`h{ lb gs{ ialrg" c`hs{l{wgh{ /wh cn`c kg ubws/ u`wr bgs Drahæals"

aurîs b&addalrg KSJ(

Ahhg~g < = addalrg kgs cassgwrs kg _ls @rahfls

n{{u=//vvv(lha(dr/gc`hìlg)g{)s`clg{g/mws{lcg)g{)dal{ kltgrs/tlkg`/CAO<45?;?4;/rls)`rahfls){r`h(dr(n{ib

Ahhg~g 15 = Addalrgs ìialbbah{ ba tlg u`bl{lqwg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h – Ar{lcbg kwcahark Ghcnaèhì – Bgs k`sslgrs ?511

http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/8594/gilbert-collard.html




http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=aboutir





http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2011/05/25/une-plainte-aurait-ete-deposee-contre-georges-tron-indique-le-parisien_1526903_3224.html





http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=engager





http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=prouver






http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=donner



http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=savoir


http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/search?verb=prendre



http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/27ae/modem-francois.html


http://www.ina.fr/economie-et-societe/justice-et-fait%20divers/video/CAB96024264/ris-orangis-tron.fr.html






















T`lr awssl swr ba iahluwba{l`h kg Oabbakwr aw{`s{ùugwr

n{{u=//vvv(lha(dr/u`bl{lqwg/gbgc{l`hs/tlkg`/CAC<75?;34</oabbakwr)g{)b)aw{`)s{ùugwsg(dr(n{ib

n{{u=//vvv(blogra{l`h(dr/gtghgigh{/51511375?4)qwahk)oabbakwr)hatlfwg)a)twg)g{)dal{)kw)s{ù

http://www.ina.fr/politique/elections/video/CAC95024369/balladur-et-l-auto-stoppeuse.fr.html







1, Ba caoabg gs{ kìc`wtgr{g

n{{u=//vvv(blogra{l`h(dr/drahcg/51511;5636)cbalrg)bacalbbg

n{{u=//vvv(blogra{l`h(dr/drahcg/51511;533;)bgs)cnlraqwlghs)qwabldlgh{)kg)c`wu)kg)cìiwhlca{l`h)bg){`wr)gh)aw{`)s{ù)kg)oabbakwr

) T`lr awssl swr b“addalrg kw NBI

n{{u=//vvv(bgi`hkg(dr/u`bl{lqwg/ar{lcbg/?515/53/35/k)aurgs)bg)cahark)ghcnalhg)fg`rfgs){r`h)b`wg)olgh)wh)auuar{gigh{)a)b`|gr)i`kgrgP13?474;P>?3;;>(n{ib

n{{u=//vvv(blogra{l`h(dr/u`bl{lqwgs/51514?4<45)sl)fg`rfgs){r`h)tl{)olgh)gh)nbi

) T`lr awssl swr b“addalrg kw c`h{ra{ alkì .CAG, kg sa ogbbg sœwr

n{{u=//vvv(rwg><(cì/c`hdlkgh{lgbs/?511/5?/17/fg`rfgs){r`h)wh)ialrg)olgh)

cnarl{aobg)atgc)sa)ogbbg)s`gwr)1<5443n{{u=//vvv(bgi`hkg(dr/u`bl{lqwg/ar{lcbg/?511/5?/14/ba)ogbbg)s)wr)kg)fg`rfgs){r`h)

gh)c`h{ra{)alkg)a)ba)ialrlg)kg)kratglbP1;>15>5P>?3;;>(n{ib

Ahhg~g 11 = Ar{lcbg kw Cahark Ghcnaèhì kw ?1 atrlb ?515

http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/0101626960-si-georges-tron-vit-bien-en-hlm





Ahhg~g 1? = Ba ialrlg kg Kratglb" s`ws ba n`wbg{{g kg Fg`rfgs [r`h" sg klsughsgkgs urlhclugs kg ba olghsìahcg gh ia{lîrg s`clab

n{{u=//vvv(cf{<1(cì/kratglb)ba)cf{)salsl{)ba)chlb)g{)ba)nabkg)c`h{rg)fg`rfgs){r`h

Ahhg~g 13 = Addalrg kw bli`fgafg kg ba cìilssalrg kg u`blcg

n{{u=//vvv(bguarlslgh(dr/gss`hhg)<1/fg`rfgs){r`h)a){)lb)bli`fg)ba)cìilssalrg)17)1?)?515)11<1476(unu

K_ATGLB Fg`rfgs [r`h a){)lb ª bli`fì º ba cìilssalrg0

[r`ls ìbws I`Kgi" US g{ WIU accwsgh{ bg ialrg WIU kg Kratglb k&at`lr ò{ghw ba

iw{a{l`h kg ba d`hc{l`hhalrg kg u`blcg" cg qwg b&lh{ìrgssì hlg dar`wcngigh{(

17(1?(?515

) Fg`rfgs [r`h a){)lb wsì kg sa d`hc{l`h kg sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ u`wr dalrg uar{lr sacìilssalrg kg u`blcg0 C&gs{ gh {`w{ cas cg qw&addlrigh{ cgr{alhs ìbws kgKratglb( Bwhkl s`lr" gh ubglh c`hsglb iwhlcluab" ba c`hsglbbîrg iwhlcluabg

k&ùu`sl{l`h I`Kgi Daolghhg S`r`ba g{ s`h nì`b`fwg US Kahlgb Fr`lsgbbg`h{ lh{grugbbì bg ialrg WIU swr bg kìuar{ kg ba ua{r`hhg kgs u`blclgrs" qwabldlìk&ª awssl urìclul{ì qw&lhg~ublqwì º( Iíig sl `ddlclgbbgigh{ ba cìilssalrg"arrltìg gh u`s{g å Kratglb gh sgu{giorg ?55>" a kgiahkì ª t`b`h{alrgigh{ ºsa iw{a{l`h( Daolghhg S`r`ba sg kgiahkg sl Fg`rfgs [r`h ª awral{ g~grcìkgs urgssl`hs g{ afl atgc bgs urìr`fa{ltgs qwg bwl k`hhg sa d`hc{l`h kgsgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ º å ba D`hc{l`h uwoblqwg( Cg qwg Fg`rfgs [r`h hlg" iíig s&lbrgc`hhaè{ qw&lb | a gw ª ogawc`wu k&lhclkgh{s º atgc cg{{g mgwhg dgiig kg?< ahs g{ qwg ª bgs cn`sgs hg sg uassalgh{ uas .(((, cìig gbbgs awralgh{ kú

sg uassgr º( U`wr bg kìuw{ì)ialrg kg Kratglb" cg{{g iw{a{l`h gs{ ª h`riabg º(Lb am`w{g qwg bgs cìilssalrgs urìcìkgh{s ª s`h{ awssl rgs{ìs ghtlr`h kgw~ahs gh u`s{g º( U`wr{ah{" maials wh kìuar{ kg cìilssalrg kg u`blcg h&awra`ccasl`hhì aw{ah{ kg rgi`ws( K&aw{ah{ qwg ba mgwhg dgiig ì{al{ olgh h`{ìguar sa nlìrarcnlg ‛ gbbg gs{ s`r{lg 6g kg sa urì`{l`h ‛ g{ qwg cgr{alhsc`bbîfwgs hg {arlssgh{ uas k&ìb`fgs å s`h swmg{ = ª C&gs{ whg dblc rgiarqwaobg"c`wrafgwsg" qwl a bg sghs kw sgrtlcg uwoblc g{ qwl iahlg ur`dgssl`hhablsig g{nwiahlsig º" bïcng wh ahclgh d`ria{gwr( Daolghhg S`r`ba a ìcrl{ å OrlcgN`r{gdgw~" ilhls{rg kg b&Lh{ìrlgwr( Sgrfg U`lhs`{" bg ialrg WIU kg Tlfhgw~)swr)Sglhg" a bwl awssl urls sa ubwig u`wr kìdghkrg ba d`hc{l`hhalrg" qwl a

aw{`rl{ì swr sa cìiwhg( Kahs whg bg{{rg akrgssìg aw urìdg{" cg{ ìbw ‛ uaralbbgwrs gh dr`lk atgc Fg`rfgs [r`h ‛ kìh`hcg ba ª orw{abl{ì º kw kìuar{ kgcg{{g ª d`hc{l`hhalrg g~giubalrg g{ auurìclìg kg {`ws º" iw{a{l`h qw&lb qwabldlg

http://www.leparisien.fr/essonne-91/georges-tron-a-t-il-limoge-la-commissaire-15-12-2010-1191657.php



http://actualites.leparisien.fr/brice+hortefeux.html









kg ª bli`fgafg kìfwlsì º( Mgah)Iarc Oalbbgwb" sgcrì{alrg fìhìrab kw Shù.S|hklca{ ha{l`hab kgs `ddlclgrs kg u`blcg," bïcng qwg ª b&addalrg kg Kratglb gs{c`hhwg kg {`ws º g{ asswrg qwg ª Fg`rfgs [r`h gs{ lh{grtghw u`wr qwg bacìilssalrg uar{g º( Cgrlsg swr bg fï{gaw" {`w{ bg cìilssarla{ gs{ i`h{ì awcrìhgaw( Whg uì{l{l`h slfhìg uar urîs kg >5 u`blclgrs a ì{ì ght`|ìg awklrgc{gwr kìuar{gigh{ab kg ba sìcwrl{ì uwoblqwg kg b&Gss`hhg( Bgs slfha{alrgss&ì{`hhgh{ kg cg{{g iw{a{l`h ª k`h{ bg olgh)d`hkì ZbgwrY ìcnauug º( ª Kw

maials)tw º" ahab|sg wh naw{ d`hc{l`hhalrg․ ª C&gs{ rìtìba{gwr º" gs{lig" bwl"Mgah)Iarc Oalbbgwb" qwl kg iahlîrg ubws fbòabg s&lhswrfg c`h{rg b&lhfìrghcgkgs ìbws kahs bg cìilssarla{ kg bgwr tlbbg( ª Cg hg sgra uas ba urgilîrg d`lsqw&lb | a kgs lh{grtgh{l`hs k&nìigs u`bl{lqwgs u`wr ò{ghlr bg kìuar{ k&whd`hc{l`hhalrg kg u`blcg( º Bg Uarlslgh

Cg{ ar{lcbg a ì{ì uwoblì kahs ba rworlqwg Gss`hhg

Ahhg~g 1; = Ba urgssg dal{ abbwsl`h aw carac{îrg c`bìrlqwg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h

n{{u=//vvv(blogra{l`h(dr/u`bl{lqwgs/5151?3;5?4<)fg`rfgs){r`h)b)`rfwglbbgw~)aw~)iwb{lubgs)igh{`rs

Ahhg~g 17 = G~giubg kg c`hs{rwc{l`h igh{abg kg Fg`rfgs [r`h

http://www.leparisien.fr/essonne-91.php






Ahhg~g 14 = bg{{rg `wtgr{g k“wh naol{ah{ kg Cnaiur`sa| aw ialrg kg Kratglb åur`u`s kw rgdws k“accwglb kgs SKD gh uìrl`kg kg frahks dr`lks(



Ahhg~g 16= Bg cngd kg caolhg{ kg F( [r`h wswrug k“whg d`hc{l`h kg

ª cìilssalrg kg ugriahghcg º u`wr i`h{gr whg caoabg c`h{rg kgs ùu`sah{s

n{{u=//vvv(rwg><(cì/c`hdlkgh{lgbs/?511/5?/?3/a)kratglb)bg)cngd)cao)kg)fg`rfgs){r`h)rgkgtlgh{)cìilssalrg)1<1>4?

) A Kratglb" bg cngd cao& kg Fg`rfgs [r`h rgkgtlgh{cìilssalrg

) Uar Awfws{lh Scabogr{ _wg>< ?3/5?/?511 1<N;>

Bgs rìtìba{l`hs kg _wg><" ba sgialhg kgrhlîrg" swr b&giub`l swotgh{l`hhì k`h{ oìhìdlclg ba ogbbg)sœwr kw

sgcrì{alrg k&G{a{ å ba D`hc{l`h uwoblqwg Fg`rfgs [r`h kahs sa ialrlg kg Kratglb" `h{ ur`t`qwì bå)oas whg ogbbguafalbbg(

) A sg ughcngr wh ugw ubws swr ba tlbbg kg b&Gss`hhg k`h{ bg ilhls{rg gs{ ialrg kguwls 1<<7" `h {ìog swrkg krûbgs k&nls{`lrgs(

) Ogawc`wu ubws qwg ba urìsghcg kg igiorgs kg ba dailbbg Bg Ugh – qwg bg ilhls{rg accwsg" å {`r{"k&í{rg å b&`rlflhg kg h`s rìtìba{l`hs –" c&gs{ ba f`wtgrhahcg kw ialrg qwl gs{ cwrlgwsg( Alhsl" kguwls s`hilhls{îrg" Fg`rfgs [r`h sgiobg klrlfgr ba u`blcg ha{l`habg kg sa tlbbg(

) Kìow{ `c{òrg ?515" s h̀ cngd kg caolhg{ Unlbluug I`r`htab a {ìbìun`hì aw cìilssarla{ kg Kratglb"k`h{ lb dw{ bg ua{r`h gh{rg ?554 g{ ?55>( Cìilssalrg kg u`blcg" lb gs{ kguwls iars ?515 ª gh iòlbl{ì ºu`wr g~grcgr sa d`hc{l`h kg c`bbao`ra{gwr ilhls{ìrlgb(

) I`r`htab auugbal{ u`wr slfhabgr wh uròbîig kg s{a{l`hhgigh{ {rîs ª cb`cng)igrbgsqwg º gh auuarghcg(Gh auuarghcg" car cg{ lhclkgh{ s&lhscrl{ gh dal{ kahs wh c`h{g~{g kg tltg ùu`sl{l`h k&naol{ah{s å wh ur`mg{liiòlblgr ighì uar ba ialrlg(

) Uròbîig = sgb`h wh g~{ral{ kw rgfls{rg kg ialh c`wrah{g kw cìilssarla{" k`h{ _wg>< a gwc`hhalssahcg" cg h&gs{ uas bg cngd kg caolhg{ I`r`htab qwl a {ìbìun`hì cg m`wr)bå" ials bgª cìilssalrg kg ugriahghcg º I`r`htab(

ª Mg hg swls uas rgsu`hsaobg kgs lh{grurì{a{l̀ hs º

) Sl c&gs{ olgh bg cas" cg{{g lh{grtgh{l`h c`hs{l{wgral{ whg tl`ba{l`h kg b&ar{lcbg 14 kw c`kg kg kì`h{`b`flgkg ba u`blcg ha{l`habg( Cg qwl g~u`sgral{ Unlbluug I`r`htab å kgs sahc{l`hs klsclublhalrgs(

) M`lh{ uar _wg><" bg cngd kg caolhg{ rgc`hhaè{ at`lr auugbì bg cìilssarla{" ª å ba kgiahkg k&wh ìbw"ugw{)í{rg bg ialrg bwl)iíig" mg hg sals ubws º" alhsl qwg ba klrgc{l`h kìuar{gigh{abg kg ba sìcwrl{ìuwoblqwg(

) Lb s`wblfhg qwg ba fgs{l`h kgs k`sslgrs b`caw~ kg s`h ilhls{rg dal{ uar{lg kgs a{{rlow{l`hs k&wh cngd kgcaolhg{(

) Ials lb kìigh{ at`lr k`hhì bg i l̀hkrg `rkrg k&lh{grtghlr" g{ cgr{alhgigh{ uas gh arfwah{ k&whg d`hc{l`hqw&lb h&g~grcg ubws =

) ª Cgba s`ws)gh{ghk qwg m&awrals wswruì whg qwabl{ì qwl h&gs{ uas ba ilghhg(

) Mg hg swls uas rgsu`hsaobg kgs lh{grurì{a{l`hs qwl `h{ uw í{rg dal{gs kg i`h auugb( º

) Qwahk sgs h`wtgbbgs d`hc{l`hs b&aiîhgh{ å Kratglb" Unlbluug I`r`htab hg rgcnlfhg uas å tlsl{gr s`hahclgh cìilssarla{" sgb`h ubwslgwrs {ìi`lfhafgs( Awcwh u`blclgr h&lfh`rg í{rg gh urìsghcg k&wh kgsurlhcluaw~ c`bbao`ra{gwrs k&wh igiorg kw f`wtgrhgigh{" uar albbgwrs ialrg kg ba tlbbg(

Ba cnaugbbg qwg ba ogbbg)sœwr kg [r`h gs{ cnarfìg kg rìh`tgr

) G{ qwahk lb auugbbg" bg 3 `c{̀ org å 1;n?5 0 Bg u`blclgr qwl a rìklfì ba ialh c`wrah{g a ugw{)í{rgª lh{grurì{ì º bg c`wu kg dlb kg I`r`htab( B&g~{ral{ igh{l`hhg cìig ª `rlflhg kg b&addalrg º kgs

http://www.rue89.com/confidentiels/2011/02/15/georges-tron-un-maire-bien-charitable-avec-sa-belle-soeur-190663


http://www.rue89.com/tag/tron



http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/02/17/97001-20110217FILWWW00345-george-tron-accuse-la-famille-le-pen.php



http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006094264&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071071&dateTexte=20110222











ª lhs{rwc{l`hs nlìrarcnlqwgs º" tghwgs kg ª I( I`r`htab º" ª bg cìilssalrg kg ugriahghcg º åb&ìcngb`h akilhls{ra{ld swuìrlgwr" bg kls{rlc{ k&Gtr|(

) Sl bg cngd kg caolhg{ auugbbg ba u`blcg cg m`wr)bå" c&gs{ å urù`s kw qwar{lgr kg Cnaiur`sa|( Wh k`sslgruròbìia{lqwg u`wr Fg`rfgs [r`h = kgs rltgralhs s&ùu`sgh{ å wh b`{lssgigh{ bahcì uar ba ialrlg" qwlkgtral{ kìdlfwrgr ba d`rí{ il{`|ghhg(

) B&òmg{ kg b&auugb kg I`r`htab gs{ qw&whg frlbbg fíhgral{ b&accîs tgrs ba cnaugbbg Salh{g)Nìbîhg( Cgbbg)båiíig qwg ba ogbbg)sœwr kw ialrg" giub`|ìg å ba ialrlg frïcg å wh c`h{ra{ swotgh{l`hhì" gs{cnarfìg kg rìh`tgr(

) Whg d`ls swr ubacg" ba ua{r`wlbbg kg u`blcg c`hs{a{g ª qw&awcwhg frlbbg hg fíhg b&accîs º =

) ª C`hs{a{`hs qw&lb h&| a awcwh òs{acbg hl kg oarrlîrg qwl fíhg b&accîs å ba cnaugbbg( Z․Y Qwl{{`hs bgs

blgw~( º

Fg`rfgs [r`h a{{aqwg ba dailbbg Bg Ugh" qwl rlu`s{g

) Uaril bgs rltgralhs ùu`sìs aw b`{lssgigh{" lb | a Macqwgs @bltlgr" qwl a dal{ u`sgr ba daigwsg frlbbg" g{s`h drîrg Unlbluug" ìu`w~ kg Iarlg)Car`blhg Bg Ugh(

) Qwahk bg ilhls{rg a accwsì bg Dr`h{ ha{l`hab g{ bgs dailbbgs Bg Ugh g{ @bltlgr k&í{rg kgrrlîrg bgsrìtìba{l`hs kg _wg>< swr b&giub`l alkì kg sa ogbbg)sœwr" bg fghkrg kg Mgah)Iarlg Bg Ugh a rlu`s{ì ghrìtìbah{ qwg Fg`rfgs [r`h a ì{ì kìlclblì uar sa dailbbg(

) U`wr mws{ldlgr s`h c`wu kg dlb" Unlbluug I`r`htab gh rauugbbg bg c`h{g~{g =

) ª Kgw~ sgialhgs ubws {û{" lb | a gw whg tl`bgh{g ab{grca{l`h gh{rg klddìrgh{s lh{grb`cw{gwrs" k`h{ Iig [r`hg{ bg urgilgr akm`lh{" gh rals`h k&wh uròbîig kg s{a{l`hhgigh{ aw{`wr kg cg{{g cna ugbbg( Z․Y Bg urí{rg

atal{ ì{ì o`wscwbì `w" gh {`w{ cas" lb atal{ ì{ì swrurls kg b&accwglb qwl bwl atal{ ì{ì rìsgrtì uar bgsrìslkgh{s( º

) Sgb`h bg ob`f kg b&ass`cla{l`h Kratglb)Tlbbafgs .h`h uar{lsahg ials {rîs crl{lqwg tls)å)tls kw ialrg," batìrl{ì gs{ klddìrgh{g = bg urí{rg h&ì{al{ uas bå cg m`wr)bå" ba dgiig kw ialrg a sliubgigh{ uarbì atgc whgrltgralhg naw{g kg 1"4; i" g{ bg urgilgr akm`lh{ a bwl)iíig uar{lcluì aw uròbîig kg s{a{l`hhgigh{ atgc

sa t`l{wrg aro`rah{ lbbìfabgigh{ whg c`carkg {rlc`b`rg(

Ba cìilssalrg ª bli`fìg º swr lh{grtgh{l`h kw ilhls{rg 0

) Ogawc`wu i`lhs ª cb`cng)igrbgsqwg º gs{ b&addalrg kw kìuar{" il)kìcgiorg" kg ba cìilssalrg kg u`blcga|ah{ swccìkì å Unlbluug I`r`htab(

) Qwa{rg)tlhf{ u`blclgrs `h{ slfhì whg uì{l{l`h u`wr s&| ùu`sgr( Kgs ìbws WIU" US g{ I`kgi `h{ accwsìbg ilhls{rg kg b&at`lr ª bli`fìg º( .T`lr bg rgu`r{afg kg [ìbgss`hhg,

) Fg`rfgs [r`h a kìigh{l í{rg lh{grtghw" {`w{ gh rgc`hhalssah{" kahs Bg Uarlslgh" at`lr gw ª ogawc`wuk&lhclkgh{s º atgc ba cìilssalrg kg ?< ahs" car ª bgs cn`sgs hg sg uassalgh{ uas Z․Y cìig gbbgs

awralgh{ kú sg uassgr º(

) Aosgh{g aw iìgh{ kw c`wu kg dlb kw 3 `c{òrg" gbbg awral{ ª kgiahkì sa iw{a{l`h º kîs s`h rg{`wr kgc`hfì ia{grhl{ì(

[r`h = I`r`htab ª daclbl{g b&ar{lcwba{l`h swr cgr{alhs k`sslgrs º

) Aw iìgh{ `ü Fg`rfgs [r`h b&a rgcrw{ì" Unlbluug I`r`htab klrlfgal{ kguwls kgw~ ahs bg cìilssarla{ kgCngss|" gh Sglhg)g{)Iarhg(

) T`lcl cg qw&gh klsal{ bg ilhls{rg" lh{grr`fì kahs bg hwiìr` kg mwlbbg{ ?515 kg ª _ìabl{ìs kg b&Gss`hhg º.bg iafa}lhg kg b&whl`h kgs ialrgs kw kìuar{gigh{, swr b&ar{lcwba{l`h gh{rg sgs d`hc{l`hs b`cabgs g{ha{l`habgs =

) ª Lb daw{ kg ba dbwlkl{ì( M&al cn`lsl u`wr cngd kg caolhg{ wh ahclgh cìilssalrg kg Kratglb qwg mg c`hhalsolgh(

) Lb c`hhaè{ bgs uròbìia{lqwgs b`cabgs g{ daclbl{g b&ar{lcwba{l`h swr cgr{alhs k`sslgrs( º



http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/georges-tron-heberge-par-la-famille-le-pen_964045.html




http://www.draveil-villages.fr/?p=1963





http://www.ume.asso.fr/IMG/pdf/Realite55-juillet2010-web.pdf











Ahhg~g 1>= {g~{g g{ u`îig clrcwbah{ swr Kratglb – Aw{gwrs lhc`hhws

l'intégralité de l'expertise psychologique de georges tron

Documents