lettre d’information du centre régional inter-africain d’archéologie -...

Département d’Histoire. Faculté des Lettres. Université de Nouakchott (Mauritanie)Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches Historiques

Lettre d’Information du Centre RégionalInter-Africain d’Archéologie

n° 22 mai 2005

C.R.I.A.A. R. Vernet, 228, av. Général Britel, Rabat/Souissi, Maroctel/fax : (212) (0) 37 63 28 47 - e-mail : [email protected]

La Lettre d’Information est consultable sur le site : http://perso.menara.ma/vernet.avignon_1/

Editorial

G. Berillon, F. Marchal : les multiples bipédies des hominidésPour la Science, n° 330, avril 2005 : 83

La préhistoire saharienne pourrait bien souffrir d’un mal récurrent : une expertise de terrain sou-vent approximative qui rend les résultats difficiles à interpréter.Un exemple concret peut illustrer ce diagnostic :une équipe travaille plusieurs jours sur un grand site néolithique de surface et en tire des résultats qui sont publiés.Ultérieurement, une autre équipe, qui ignore que le site a déjà été vu, vient effectuer de nouveaux travaux, qui sontp u b l i é s . Ils diffèrent, au moins sur certains points, des premiers - par exemple pour l’industrie lithique, qui a déjàété prélevée.

Quel bilan doit-on tirer de ces recherches en double aveugle ? Plus généralement, comment intégrer le fait quede très nombreux sites sahariens de surface visités à des fins scientifiques ont déjà été vus par d’autres et, parailleurs, souvent pillés ? Et que dire des sites peu ou mal publiés - mais vidés de leur substance - lorsqu’on doit lesreprendre ou les intégrer à une synthèse ?- Dans un autre domaine, il faudra bien un jour réfléchir à la notion d’ “art rupestre” : ne devrait-on pas plutôt par-ler d’ “archéologie rupestre” ? En fait, cette idée d’ art permet d’évacuer le rôle essentiel que devraient jouer lesmanifestations rupestres dans le développement des connaissances sur le passé saharien ou nord-africain.

C’est ainsi que fleurissent les publications plus ou moins scientifiques liées à des prospections dont on saitqu’elles se font bien souvent hors de tout cadre réglementaire - un “tourisme archéologique” en quelque sorte. On yvoit généralement une sélection de belles images, gravures ou peintures, sans aucun souci du contexte archéologiqueet rupestre. Les sites ne sont pas géographiquement répertoriés, ni référencés (le plus extraordinaire est qu’uneimmense région saharienne a fait l’objet de plusieurs livres abondamment illustrés sans qu’elle soit même évoquée !).

Que peut bien valoir un article intitulé - c’est un exemple - : “les girafes” (ou : “les éléphants”, “les pièges”, “lessandales”, “les gravures de styleTazina...”) de la région de...” , si lecontexte est totalement absent ?

On peut faire le mêmereproche dans d’autres domaines,comme les monuments funéraires,le plus souvent évoqués sans lamoindre notion de chronologie.

Ne serait-il pas temps d’im-poser des règles déontologiques etscientifiques à la préhistorie saha-rienne, même et surtout si l’im-mensité de la région renvoie à l’im-mensité de la tâche ?

R . V e r n e t


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Lettre d’Information du Centre Régional Inter-Africain d’Archéologie

Sahara oriental

KLEIN M., JESSE F., KASPER H.U., GÖLDEN A.,2004Chemical characterization of ancient pottery fromSudan by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (xrf), elec-tron microprobe analyses (empa) and inductively cou-pled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS)Archaeometry, vol. 46/3 : 339-356

Un article très technique, qui montre tout ce qui peutêtre fait lorsque les moyens existent…

GRZYMSKI K., 2004Landscape Archaeology of Nubia and Central Sudan African Archaeological Review, vol. 21/1 : 7-30

La présente communication examine la recherche àl'échelle régionale dans la vallée du Nil Moyen dans lecontexte du développement historique de l'archéologie de laNubie et du Soudan central. Ce survol historique est situédans le contexte de l'archéologie théorique, particulièrementl'archéologie du paysage. Une discussion des problèmesthéoriques est suivie d'une présentation des paysages natu-rel, économique, politique, culturel et sacré de la Nubie et duSoudan central. Les recherches antérieures sont aussi pré-sentées et les nouvelles tendances sont identifiées.

GARCEA E.A.A., 2004An Alternative Way Towards Food Production: ThePerspective from the Libyan SaharaJournal of World Prehistory, 18/2 : 107-154

Sahara central

BRUNET M., GUY F., PILBEAM D., LIEBERMAND.E., LIKIUS A., MACKAYE H.T., PONCE DELEON M.S., ZOLLIKOFER C.P.E., VIGNAUD P.,2005New material of the earliest hominid from the UpperMiocene of ChadNature, t. 434/7034 : 752-755

ZOLLIKOFER C.P.E., PONCE DE LEON M.S., LIE-BERMAN D.E., GUY F., PILBEAM D., LIKIUS A.,MACKAYE H.T., VIGNAUD P., BRUNET M., 2005Virtual cranial reconstruction of Sahelanthropus tcha-densisNature, t. 434/7034 : 755-759

Au-delà des polémiques, ce double article précisel'image du plus vieil africain de l'ouest (du moins celle de soncrâne). (cf. p. 14)

Sahara de l’Ouest

DESCAMPS C., VERNET R., 2004Kjokkenmodding ou sambaqui ? Le site Aramad surl’île d’Arguin (Mauritanie)Actes du XIe Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire ,Bamako, 2001

VERNET R, HERVE-GRUHIER CH, CHERIF O.,SALIEGE J.F., B. LAMARCHE B., 2004 Le peuplement de l’île de Tidra (Banc d’Arguin,Mauritanie) à l’Holocène récent.Actes du XIe Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire ,Bamako, 2001

Afrique du Nord

WURZ S., PEER P.V., ROUX N.L., GARDNER S.,DEACON H.J., 2005Continental Patterns in Stone Tools: A Technologicaland Biplot-Based Comparison of Early LatePleistocene Assemblages from Northern and SouthernAfricaAfrican Archaeological Review, t. 22/1 : 1-24

SALIH A., 2003L'art pré- et protohistorique au Maroc : essai de synthèse P r é h i s t o i re A n t h ropologie Méditerr a n é e n n e s, 12 : 39-54

BOUZOUGGAR A., COLLINA-GIRARD J., 2005Les premiers résultats des datations des sites néoli-thiques au Cap de l'eau (Maroc oriental)Nouvelles archéologiques et patrimoniales, t. 6 : 6-7

RODRIGUE A., LETAN R., 2004Le gisement atérien du Kheneg el Hammam (Sudmarocain)Bulletin du Musée d'Anthropologie Préhistorique deMonaco, 44 : 21-31

Les sites atériens bien documentés et récoltés avantpillage sont rares. Celui-ci, près de Tan Tan, en fait partie,avec 2600 objets. Les auteurs insistent sur la variété del’Atérien, dont la durée - plusieurs dizaines de millénaires -implique qu’il y a sans doute eu des Atériens et non un seul.

ARTICLES

BELHOUCHET L., 2003Technologie lithique au Paléolithique inférieur en

Tunisie : approche de l'organisation de la productionlithique à partir des industries de Sidi Zin (Le Kef).Résumé de thèse, Université de Provence Préhistoire Anthropologie méditerranéennes : 251-252

CAMPS G., 2003JabbarenEncyclopédie Berbère, t. XXV

LEFEBVRE G., 2004Art rupestre en Grande Kabylie : 3999Encyclopédie Berbère, t. XXVI

LAPORTE J.P., 21004La Kabylie antique : 4000-4015Encyclopédie Berbère, t. XXVI

Afrique sub-saharienne

RASSE M., SORIANO S., TRIBOLO C. et al., 2004La séquence pléistocène supérieur d’Ounjougou (Paysdogon, Mali, Afrique de l’Ouest) : évolution géomor-phologique, enregistrements sédimentaires et change-ments culturelsQuaternaire, 15/4 : 329-342

Elle est exceptionnelle, tant par la variété de ses enre-gistrements sédimentaires que par l'extrême diversité desindustries paléolithiques représentées. Pour la première foisen Afrique de l'Ouest, des occupations du Paléolithiquemoyen sont replacées dans un cadre chrono-stratigraphiquebien daté par OSL.

HUYSECOM E., BALLOUCHE A., CISSE L., GAL-LAY A., KONATE D., MAYOR A., NEUMANN K. etalii, 2004Paléoenvironnement et peuplement humain en Afriquede l'ouest : rapport de la sixième campagne derecherches à Ounjougou (Mali). SLSA-Jahresbericht 2003 ., ed. Tamedia AG, Zürich :27-68

HUYSECOM E., MAYOR A., OZAINNE S., RASSEM., SCHAER K., SORIANO S., 2004 Ounjougou : plus de 100 000 ans d'histoire en paysdogon (Mali)A rchaölogie der Schweiz / A rchéologie Suisse /Archeologia Swizzera, 2004, 27/3 : 2-13

Une synthèse, certes courte, mais très claire et surtoutremarquablement illustrée en couleurs : l'archéologie passetrès bien en couleurs ! A noter la photo de la coupe du sitedes "Varves", qui permet de comprendre pourquoi la régiond'Ounjougou est une région-clef de la préhistoire sahélienne.

HUYSECOM E., OZAINNE S., CISSE L., DOUTRE-LEPONT H., GALLAY A., KONATE D., MAYOR A.,RAELI F., ROBERT A., SANOGO K., SORIANO S.,SOW O., STOKES S., 2004Du Paléolithique ancien à nos jours : la séquencearchéologique et paléoenvironnementale du gisementd'Ounjougou (pays dogon, Mali).Actes du Congrès panafricain de Préhistoire deBamako, 2001

McDOUGALL I., BROWN F.H., FLEAGLE J.G.,2005Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humansfrom Kibish, EthiopiaNature, 433, 733 - 736 (17 February 2005)

In 1967 the Kibish Formation in southern Ethiopia yiel-ded hominid cranial remains identified as early anatomicallymodern humans, assigned to Homo sapiens. However, theprovenance and age of the fossils have been much debated.Here we confirm that the Omo I and Omo II hominid fossilsare from similar stratigraphic levels in Member I of the KibishFormation, despite the view that Omo I is more modern inappearance than Omo II. 40Ar/39Ar ages on feldspar crys-tals from pumice clasts within a tuff in Member I below thehominid levels place an older limit of 198 14 kyr (weightedmean age 196 2 kyr) on the hominids. A younger age limit of104 7 kyr is provided by feldspars from pumice clasts in aMember III tuff. Geological evidence indicates rapid deposi-tion of each member of the Kibish Formation. Isotopic ageson the Kibish Formation correspond to ages ofMediterranean sapropels, which reflect increased flow of theNile River, and necessarily increased flow of the Omo River.Thus the 40Ar/39Ar age measurements, together with thesapropel correlations, indicate that the hominid fossils havean age close to the older limit. Our preferred estimate of theage of the Kibish hominids is 195 5 kyr, making them the ear-liest well-dated anatomically modern humans yet described.

LAVACHERY Ph., MACEACHERN S., BOUIMONT. et al., 2005Cultural heritage management in Central Africa: regio-nal survey on the Chad-Cameroon oil pipelineAntiquity, vol. 79/303, Project Gallery, 4 p.

Généralités

EHRET Ch., KEITA S.O.Y., NEWMAN P., 2004.



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The Origins of Afroasiatic, Science, 3 December 2004, vol. 306 : 1680

LE QUELLEC J.L., 2005Mystérieuses images du SaharaReligions et Histoire : 34-35

paléoclimats

GIRAUDI C., 2005Eolian sand in peridesert northwestern Libya andimplications for Late Pleistocene and Holocene SaharaexpansionsPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ,t. 218/1-2 : 161-173

J U N G - H Y U N K., DU P O N T L., BEHLING H.,VERSTEEGH G.J.M., 2005Impacts of rapid sea-level rise on mangrove depositerosion: application of taraxerol and RhizophorarecordsJournal of Quaternary Science, 20/3 : 221-225

Nyame AkumaN° 62, décembre 2004

I N S O L L T., KANKPEYENG B., MACLEAN.R. : A nArchaeological Reconnaissance in the Tong Hills andGaru Area, Upper East Region and Nakpanduri,Northern Region, Ghana : 25-33KANKPEYENG B.W. : Fieldwork at Kpaliworg u ,Northern Ghana: 1997 to 1999 : 34-41

Ces deux articles montrent que le nord du Ghanacontinue à faire l'objet d'une attention soutenue, quelle quesoient les époques. La synthèse sera bienvenue !TOGOLA. T., CISSE M., FANE Y. : Reconnaissancearchéologique a Gao (Mali) et environs : 50-60

La région de Gao mérite à coup sûr plus qu'une recon-naissance.

Bulletin d'Archéologie Marocaine20 (2004)

BEN-NCER A. : Nécrologie : Gabriel Camps : 11-13

SBIHI-ALAOUI F.-Z., RAYNAL J.-P. : Casablanca : unpatrimoine préhistorique exceptionnel : 17-43. R AY N A LJ . - P., SBIHI-ALAOUI F.-Z., MAGOGAL. et al. :The Lower Palaeolithic sequence of Atlantic Moroccorevisited after recent excavations at Casablanca : 44-76AHMANI F. : La gazelle de Taghit Haddouch (Rif orien-tal, Maroc) : détermination et comparaison : 77-82AOURAGHE H. : Les populations de mammifères até-riens d'El Harhoura 1 (Témara, Maroc) : 83-104SEARIGHT-MARTINET S. : Nouvelles gravures d'élé-phants dans le sud-ouest du Maroc : 105-114OUAHBI Y., ABERKAN M., SERRE F. : Les mammifèresd'âge quaternaire récent d'Ez-Zarka et Chrafat (nord duMaroc) et l'origine de la faune moderne du Rif septen-trional : 115-127

ALBERT K.D., LÖHR D., NEUMANN K. (eds.), 2004Mensch und Natur in Westafrika. Ergebnisse aus dem

Sonderforschungsbereich 268 „Kulturentwicklung undSprachgeschichte im Naturraum We s t a f r i k a n i s c h eS a v a n n eWeinheim: W I L E Y- V C H

Parmi les contributions :

NEUMANN K., HAHN-HADJALI K., SALZMANN. U. : DieSavanne der Sudanzone in Westafrika – natürlich oder men-schengemacht? : 39-68.THIEMEYER H. : Spätpleistozäner und holozänerLandschaftswandel in der Westafriakanischen Savanne : 69-9 2 .BREUNIG P., NAGEL G . : Zur Geschichte und Konzeptiondes Sonderforschungsbereiches 268 : 1-29.BREUNING P., NEUMANN K. : Zwischen Wüste undRegenwald. Besiedlungsgeschichte der westafrikanischenSavanne im Holozän. : 93-138.

REVUES

OUVRAGES



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KRINGS M., PLATTE E. (eds.)., 2004Living with the Lake. Perspectives on History, Culture andEconomy of Lake Chad. [Studien zurKulturkunde, 121.]Köln : Rüdiger Köppe,

Parmi les contributions :

THIEMEYER H. : Environmental and Climatic History ofLake Chad during the Holocene : 41-51.BREUNIG P. : Environmental Instability and CulturalChange in the Later Prehistory of the Chad Basin : 52-72.M A G N AV I TAC. : Zilum. Towards the Emergence of Socio-Political Complexity in the Lake Chad RegionBRUNK K., GRONENBORN D. : Floods, Droughts, andMigrations. The Effects of Late Holocene Lake LevelOscillations and Climate Fluctuations on the Settlement andPolitical History in the Chad Basin

ANCELLIN, N., avec la coll. de PREVOT F., 2005Trésors de l'Afrique romaineGeo (éd. Française), n° 312 : février 2005

Un remarquable dossier sur les sites romains d'Afriquedu Nord, du Maroc à la Libye. Dans sa catégorie – le grandpublic de qualité – une réussite, par ses photos, ses carteset l'utilisation des compétences des spécialistes dans chacundes pays concernés.

Nubian studies, 1998 : proceedings of the ninthconference of the International Society of NubianStudies, August 21-26, 1998, Boston, Massachusetts,KENDALL Th., ed., 2004International Conference for Nubian StudiesDept. of African-American Studies, NortheasternUniversity, Boston, Mass.Parmi les contributions :

G A R C E A E. A. A . : Beyond Napata: The LatePrehistoric Evidence in the Napata Region : 34-45GEUS F. : Pre-Kerma Storage Pits on Sai Island : 46-51HONEGGER M. : The Pre-Kerma Settlement: NewElements Throw Light on the Rise of the First NubianKingdom : 83-94KEDING B. : The Yellow Nile: Settlement Shifts in theWadi Howar Region (Sudanese Eastern Sahara) andAdjacent Areas from between the Sixth to the FirstMillennium BC : 95-108NORDSTÖM H.I. : The Nubian A-Group: Perceiving aSocial Landscape : 134-144BONNET Ch. : The Archaeological Excavations atKerma (Northern State, Sudan): Recent Discoveries,

1996-1998 : 237-241DE SIMONE M.C. : The C-Group: Tradition andAcculturation : 242-246FULLER D., SMITH L. : The Prehistory of the Bayuda:New Evidence from the Wadi Muqaddam : 265-281JESSE F. : No Link Between the Central Sahara and theNile Valley? (Dotted) Wavy Line Ceramics in theWadi Howar, Sudan : 296-308LANGE M. : Wadi Shaw 82/52: a PeridynasticSettlement site in the Western Desert and its Relationsto the Nile Valley : 315-324PHILLIPS J. : Southern Dongola Reach Survey 1998: AReview of the Ceramics and Other Finds : 371-375USAI D. : Early Khartoum and Related Groups : 419-435ZURAWSKI : The Southern Dongola Reach Survey: AFirst (1998) Season : 472-

LINSTÄDTER J., 2004Zum Frühneolithikum des westlichenMittelmeerraums – Die Keramik der Fundstelle HassiOuenzga.AVA– Forschungen, Band 9Linden Soft, Verlag e.K., Aachen, 210 pages, un CDROM

On admirera d'abord la remarquable présentation, quipeut servir de modèle. Puis la synthèse préalable, qui rap-pelle utilement le Néolithique régional – méditerranéen etatlantique, avant de produire une monographie très complè-te d'un site daté entre 5600 et 2250 av. J.C. Les premiers

habitants de Hassi Ouenzga sont un groupe autochtone dontles racines proviennent de l'Epipaléolithique local. Ce sontdes chasseurs-cueilleurs dont la culture s'étend du Rif, àl'ouest, à l'Atlas tellien, à l'est. Leur riche céramique pose laquestion de leur rapport au Néolithique, qui s'installe à lamême époque, ou un peu plus tard, dans la région deTanger.

JOUSSE H., 2004Impact des variations environnementales sur la struc -ture des communautés mammaliennes et l'anthropi -sation des milieux. Exemple des faunes holocènes duSahara occidental.Docs STU Lyon, n° 160, 270 p.

Une étude anatomique des Bovidae des sites archéo-logiques de l'ouest du Sahara (le terme"Sahara occidental"pouvant prêter à confusion) qui a permis l'élaboration d'uneméthode de reconstitution des paléoenvironnements etpaléoclimats en utilisant les espèces de mammifères commemarqueurs. Celles-ci jouent un rôle essentiel dans le modede vie des hommes néolithiques, par la chasse et l'élevage,et, partant, dans l'évolution des groupes humains sur toute lapériode.

ABBATE E., WOLDEHAIMANOT B., LIBSEKALY., TECLE T.M., ROOK L., eds., 2004A step towards human origins. The Buia Homo one-million-years ago in the eritrean Danakil depression(East Africa)Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, vol.110, Milan, 144 p.

Géologie, faune, industrie lithique acheuléenne, resteshumains : une monographie très complète d'une régionjusque-là peu connue.

JESSE F., 2003Rahib 80/87Heinrich-Barth Institut, Africa praehistorica, 16, Köln

500 pages d'une monographie d'un site du wadiHowar, au Soudan, dense et abondamment illustrée (plus de70 pages de tessons de poterie, au sein de 200 pages d'an-nexes). En allemand, avec résumés anglais, français, arabe.Une étude très complète du site, surtout axée sur la poterie,avec des comparaisons à moyenne et longue distance, enparticulier sur l'early Khartoum et la wavy line. Un bon instru-ment de travail, complété par d'excellents articles de l'auteur,signalés en leur temps.

Actes du XIe Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire(Bamako 2001)

Ces Actes sont parus. Confrontés à des problèmes dediffusion, ils ne sont guère mis en avant et nous n'avons pules lire.

Oasis Project: Monographs 14The Oasis Papers 3. proceedings of the third interna -tional conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, G.E.BOWEN and C.A. HOPE, eds.Oxbow Books, 2004Parmi les contributions :

K L E I N D I E N S T M . R . : Strategies for StudyingPleistocene Archaeology based upon SurfaceEvidence: first Characterization of an Older MiddleStone Age Unit, Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt :1—42McDONALD M. M. A. : The Early Holocene Masara Aand Masara C Cultural Sub-Units of Dakhleh Oasis,



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within a Wider Cultural Setting : 43—69Ce travail précise la chronologie de plusieurs cultures

du Sahara égyptien et permet des rapprochements, parfois àgrande distance.THOMPSON J. L., MADDEN G. D. : Health and Diseaseof Neolithic Remains from Sheikh Muftah, DakhlehOasis : 71-76WARFE A.R. : Interregional Contacts with the Sudan:Ceramic Evidence from the Mid-Holocene Period : 77-88WISEMAN M. F. : The Chronology of the Later LatePleistocene Occurrences at Dakhleh: A 'Low-Tech'Approach : 89-94CHURCHER Ch. S. : Hyaenas in Dakhleh Oasis II : 95-102SMITH J. R., GIEGENGACK R. F. : Spatial andTemporal Distribution of Fossil-Spring Tufa Deposits,Western Desert, Egypt: Implications for Palaeoclimaticinterpretations : 103-

Human records of recent geological evolution in themediterraneanSantorini, oct. 2003CIESM Workshop Monographs, 24Monaco, 2004

PETIT-MAIRE N. : Climatic crises and man in theMediterranean basin : the last 20 000 years : 17-24KHADR A.M. : Evolution of Nile deposits input duringthe Quaternary and its effect on Egyptian coastline :25-28SIVAN D. : The holocene sea level curve of the Israelicoast : 29-32

Food, fuels and fields/. Progress in african archaeo -botanyAfrica Praehistorica 15, Köln 2003NEUMANN K., BUTLER A., KAHLBERER S., eds304 p, 105 fig.

Until the late 1970s African archaeology has sufferedfrom the lack of basic data relative to the interaction betweenenvironmental change and subsistence strategies, the transi-tion to farming, and the rise of civilizations and their econo-mic background. Since then, numerous archaeobotanicalstudies have been conducted to change this situation. Thepresent volume includes 19 papers dealing with Egypt,Ethiopia, Libya, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, the A r a b i a nPeninsula and the Canary Islands. It contains primarily therevised and, in some instances, considerably expandedpapers read during the 3rd International Workshop on AfricanArchaeobotany which was held in Frankfurt in 2000.

Presented are case studies on the plant remains fromarchaeological sites and museum collections, as well as eth-nographic and comparative morphological and systematicinvestigations on living plants.

Contents:

Domestication History ofAfrican CropsBEDIGIAN D. : Sesame inAfrica - origin and disper-salBUTLER A . : The Ethiopianpea: seeking the evidence forseparate domesticationHILDEBRAND E. :Comparison of domestic vs.forest-growing Ensete ventri-cosum (We l w.) Cheesman,

Musaceae in Ethiopia - implications for detecting enseta r c h a e o l o g i c a l l y, and modeling its domesticationNEUMANN K. : The late emergence of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa - archaeobotanical evidence and ecologicalc o n s i d e r a t i o n s .A rchaeobotany of North Africa and the Canary IslesGA M A L - E L - D I N FA H M YA . : Palaeoethnobotanical studiesof Egyptian Predynastic cemeteries - new dimensions andc o n t r i b u t i o n sCR AWFORD P. : Weeds as indicators of land-use strategiesin ancient EgyptZACH-OBMANN B. : 7500 years old imprints of Panicumt u rgidum in a Saharan potsherdPELLING R. : Medieval and early modern agriculture andcrop dispersal in the Wadi el-Agial, Fezzan, LibyaMORALES J. : Islands, plants and ancient human societies -a review of archaeobotanical works on the prehistory of theCanary Isles.Wood for Fuel and CraftsE I C H H O R N B., J Ü R G E NS N . : The contribution of charcoalanalysis to the Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetationhistory of northwestern NamibiaZ A PATA P E ÑA . L. , PEÑA-CHOCARRO L., I B Á Ñ E ZESTÉVEZ J.J., GONZÁLEZ URQUIJO J.E. : Ethno archaeo-logy in the Moroccan Jebala (Western Rif) - wood and dungas fuelASENSI AMORÓS M.V. : L'étude du bois et de son com-merce en Egypte - lacunes des connaissances actuelleset perspectives pour l'analyse xylologique WALY N.M. : Wooden objects from Ptolomaic andEarly Coptic Periods, Upper Egypt.



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KIENON-KABORE T., 2005 La métallurgie ancienne du fer au Burkina Faso : pro v i n c edu Bulkiemdé. A p p roche ethnologique, historique, arc h é o -logique et métallographique. Un apport à l'histoire des tech -niques en Afrique L'Harmattan, Paris

G a b o r o n eJuly 2005w w w. u b . b w / d e p a r t m e n t s / h u m a n i t i e s / p a n a f 2 0 0 5 / i n d e x . h t m l

254 communications ont pour l'instantété annoncées, ce qui devrait faire du "XIIePANAF" un grand cru, d'autant que celles quiconcernent le nord de l'Afrique semblent trèsprometteuses. Deux grands ensembles sedégagent : le Sahara libyen (Acacus) et leSahel malien (Ounjougou). On constateracependant l'absence presque complète de larecherche française…

DENYS CH., A N D O S S A L., MACKAYE H.T., V I R I O T L . ,VIGNAUD P, BRUNET M . : Preliminary taphonomical stu-dies of Djourab Mio-Pliocene vertebrate sites (Chad).TAFURI M.A., BENTLEYA.R., MANZI G., DI LERNIAS. : Cand N isotope analysis and Sr isotope ratio on prehistoricand protohistoric human groups from the Libyan Sahara:Tracing past diet and mobility.TRIBOLO CH., STOKES S., RASSE M., SORIANO S., HUY-SECOM E. : Optical dating of the sediments from the We s tAfrican Palaeolithic site of Ounjougou (Mali).

We present the first optical ages obtained for thePalaeolithic site of Ounjougou (Dogon Plateau, Mali).Ounjougou is one of the first sites to offer the opportunity toestablish a chronological framework for the population andcultural evolution of Palaeolithic humans in West Africa.Indeed, on an area of almost ten square kilometres, a thicksedimentological sequence has been preserved and hasconserved in situ (archaeologically or geologically) more thanfifteen different industries from the ancient Palaeolithic up tothe protohistoric times. As organic components have notbeen preserved in the Pleistocene sequence and as parts ofit may be well over 40 ka old, optically stimulated lumines-cence is the most appropriate method to date the sedimentsdeposits and their associated artefacts. Up to now 75 sedi-ment samples, of aeolian, colluvial or fluvial origin, have beentaken into almost 15 different sites. The total dose receivedduring burial is estimated through single aliquot and singlegrains methods, whereas the dose rate annual dose rate isdeduced from both field gamma spectrometry and direct ana-lysis of the sediment by inductively coupled plasma massspectrometry. Results, spanning stage 2 and 3 at least, arediscussed in detail.MOSCADELLI S. : Proposal for a Diachronic Analysis of theRelation between Zoomorphic Art and A r c h a e o z o o l o g i c a lRemains in the Nile Va l l e y.BIAGETTI S., CASTELLI R., CREMASCHI M., MERCURI

A.M., POGGI G., VAN NEER W., DI LERNIA S . : Fireplaces as a Key for Understanding Holocene Saharans.Preliminary Results of a Cross-Disciplinary Study atTakarkori Rock Shelter (Acacus Mts., Libya)HAMBOLU M.O. : Northwestern Nigeria Te r r a c o t t aSculptures: Antecedants, Contemporary or Descendants ofNok Sculptures?SORIANO S., SCHAER, K., HUYSECOM E., TRIBOLO, C.,RASSE M. : Between Archaism and Innovation: Ounjougou,a 100,000 Years Long Sequence in Mali

A vast complex of open-air sites in Dogon Country inMali, comprising human occupation from the LowerPaleolithic to the present, Ounjougou currently constitutesthe longest chronocultural sequence for the MiddlePalaeolithic in West Africa. Based on geomorphological andO S L dates, multiple sedimentary and geomorphologicalevents recorded in the stratigraphies cover the end of theMiddle Pleistocene and a large part of the Upper Pleistocene,



8

REUNIONS ET C O L L O Q U E S

12th Congress of the Panafrican A r c h a e o l o g i c a lAssociation

for Prehistory and Related Studies


9

and thus a period of more than 100,000 years. More than fif-teen archaeological strata or levels have been identified andchronologically situated within this sequence. The sequenceis characterized by the diversity of the lithic industries repre-sented, which is the only material preserved. Seeminglyarchaic industries are found next to more developed indus-tries, in particular those with Levallois or blade production.Such a situation opens discussion on the hypothesis of per-iodic renewal of regional Paleolithic settlement andaddresses the concept of cultural modernity for this period.Moreover, the unequal distribution of occupations in thesequence leads to questioning of the regional settlementchange in relation to major climatic variations, particularly inarid periods.RAHMANI N., LUBELL D . : Technological adaptationamong Capsian foragers: the view from Kef Zoura D(Eastern A l g e r i a )

The Early Holocene of the eastern Maghreb is charac-terized by the development of the Capsian culture which flou-rished for thousands of years until the advent of the Neolithic.Excavations at the Kef Zoura D rock shelter in the TelidjeneBasin south of Tebessa has yielded a very complex stratigra-phy with an important series of radiometric dates on charcoalsamples. The site contains a stratified sequence from Typicalto Upper Capsian, with abundant lithic assemblages, richfaunal remains, a bone industry and an artistic component.Previous studies have demonstrated the occurrence of signi-ficant environmental change ca. 8000 BP which correspondswith a major change in the lithics, characterized by the micro-lithization of the toolkit. Recent research emphasizing lithictechnology applied to these two chronologically distinctassemblages corroborates the results of the previous resear-ch which identified an important technological change: theadoption of the pressure knapping technique. It also specifiesthe cultural meaning of this change, and opens the possibili-ty of discussing major social transformations from an anthro-pological point of view. It appears that Capsian foragersdeveloped a very successful and innovative techno-culturaladaptation to a constantly varying semi-arid environment.Following this recent insight, the neolithization of Capsianforagers, which previously was fitted into a simple unilinealevolutionary framework, appears increasingly problematicand calls for further and fuller investigation.H A U P T R. : The Serpent Metaphor in North African RockA r tRAHMANI N., LUBELL D . : Ostrich representation inMaghreb Holocene rock art: the engraved stone from KefZoura D (Eastern A l g e r i a )LE QUELLEC J.L. : Rock art and adaptation to climatechanges in the Central Sahara during the Holocene

Prolonged droughts, as indicated by natural archives,involve cultural responses indicated by human archives (rockart) or excavated by archaeologists. Without trying to linksystematically all significant events in the History of Mankindto climatic events, and without going as far as to say that"Climate makes History", some important Human adapta-tions must have been regionally induced by shifts as impor-

tant as the rapid warm-up which began at thePleistocene/Holocene time boundary around 10.000 bp, asthe Mid-Holocene Arid Period which dominated the Saharanclimate around 6900 bp, or as the "4000 BPEvent" which las-ted from 4400 bp to 3800 bp and which correspond to thePost-Neolithic Arid Period in the Sahara. These importantevents, perceptible on a Worldwide scale, are shown by thesolar-output variations, by the Sea-level fluctuations, and bythe number of lakes in the Sahara. All these events are like-ly to have prompted, or at least encouraged, significantmovements of population, reflected in rock art. The onset ofthe Holocene Climatic Optimum coincides with the arrival ofpeople who repopulated the territories abandoned since thePostaterian Hyperarid Period, and who made the first knownpottery in the continent. After the Mid-Holocene Arid Period,the inhabitants of the Sahara shifted to cattle farming as longas the climated allowed it. They were nomads moving awayfrom their main quarters to look for pasture during the humidseason, going back to the massifs with their herds during thedry season. When climatic conditions deteriorated signifi-cantly, they shifted from cattle to ovicaprid farming, as sheepand goats are much more adapted to the harsh environmentwhere they had to live thereafter. Climate getting worse andworse, they had to settle progressively near the places wherewater was still available or easily accessible. Then grew theGaramantic civilization, mostly in these places of the Wâdi el-Ajâl where the foggârât made it possible to irrigate, hence tocultivate in an hyperarid environment. Settlement, cultivationand reduction of the living space correspond to the latestadaptative phase to the regional dessication. Citadels, monu-mental tombs and necropolises grew in number, and thewhole situation began to prefigure the present oases andtheir way of life based on the trans-Saharan traffic. The cur-rent image of the Saharan life was coined at that time, parti-cularly with the introduction of the palm-tree, an elementessential for life in the oasis. Around the beginning of theCommon Era, the newly introduced dromedary allowedSaharan people to fully recover the Sahara and to retaincontrol of this huge territory, till modernity lately changed therules of the game. ZAMPETTI Z. : Rock Art and Environment in the A c a c u sMountain (Libyan Sahara): Research Strategies and ResultsA M A R A I . : l'art rupestre du Tassili wan Ahaggar (Sahara,A l g é r i e )KLEINITZ C. : Rock Art and ‘Rock-Music’of the FourthNile Cataract Region: The Merowe Dam A r c h a e o l o g i c a lSalvage Project:SMITH A . B . : Saharan rock art and pastoral developmentKEDING B. : From Stone to Metal: The Neolithic – Iron A g etransition in the Ennedi Mountains, northeastern Chad

While a good deal of research has recently beenundertaken in various parts of the Sahara in pursuit of the ori-gins of pastoralism and early food production comparativelylittle effort has been devoted to the equally important begin-nings of iron metallurgy. The Ennedi Mountains in northeas-tern Chad are a particularly well-suited, if as yet largely unex-ploited field lab for attempts to help resolve this asymmetry.Surrounded by extremely arid desert, the highlands seem to


have provided favourable living conditions for plants, animalsand man even in phases of dry climate both before andduring the Holocene. Geo-archaeological surveys and exca-vations are currently being undertaken under the umbrella ofthe Cologne University Interdisciplinary Research CentreACACIA. The aim is to document and understand finalNeolithic ecological conditions and cultural patterns and thetransition process into the regional Early Iron Age. AlthoughGérard Bailloud has long proposed a firm hypothesis as tothe archaeological sequence in the western Ennedi and itsrelationships with the rich heritage of rock art, pertinent abso-lute dates are so far lacking as is knowledge of the climaticcontext and the contemporary developments in the moreeasterly parts of the massif. In a wider perspective, one of themost intriguing questions to be answered is whether the IronAge transformation occurred during a time of climaticallyinduced cultural crisis, as it seems to have in parts of theWest African Sahel zone. In addition, the potential role of theWadi Howar as a natural route of communication betweenthe Ennedi and the Nile valley in late Holocene times is underinvestigation, drawing on a substantial body of results fromCologne University’s long-term commitment in northernSudanese archaeology. Preliminary results of the first fieldseasons carried out in the Ennedi in 2003 and 2004 will bepresented.MANNING K. : 'Cattle, Crop and Cultural Development in the Ti l e m s iValley: a renewed investigation of the 2nd millennium BCsite of Karkarichinkat'HUYSECOM E., OZAINNE S., SORIANO S., BALLOUCHEA., RASSE M., TRIBOLO C., LE DREZEN Y., MAGGETTIM., NEUMANN K. : New Data about Pottery Emergence inSub Saharan Africa: a comparison between contexts in Maliand Japan

Perceptions of the history of settlement in Africa haschanged considerably in recent years, given new archaeolo-gical, paleontological and paleoenvironmental discoveries.These, however, remain isolated with respect to the geogra-phic extent of the continent. Several questions should beaddressed or reevaluated, using key sites that are well stra-tified, dated and studied with an interdisciplinary approach.The site of Ounjougou in Mali is one such site, and the pro-gram “human settlement and paleoenvironment in WestAfrica”, after seven years of work, has made it possible topropose novel reconstructions for West African human sett-lement history, as much for ancient periods as recent.Entirely new data on the appearance of ceramics at thePleistocene/Holocene transition in the modern Sahelo-Sudanian zone during the 10th mill. calBC is one of the inno-vative elements added by this research program. This paperexamines this discovery in light of results from the last fieldseason and recent laboratory analyses, and will demonstra-te similarities between the appearance context of this potte-ry and the contemporaneous Proto-Jomon pottery in Japan.G A R C E AE . A . A . : What is the Khartoum Variant? New datafrom Sai Island (Sudan)

Salvage surveys and excavations for the constructionof the Aswan High Dam brought to light a lithic complex asso-ciated with the earliest ceramics that was considered avariant of the cultural traditions recorded further south in theKhartoum province and, therefore, called Khartoum Variant.This culture was thought to be the result of a new group,derived from Early Khartoum and Shaheinab, that brought itsown lithic and ceramic productions into Lower Nubia, bothalong and far out from the Nile valley. Unfortunately, manyinterpretations and explanations on the Khartoum Varianthave been based on early works and lost sites located in thepresently-flooded Wadi Halfa-Second Cataract area that canno longer be revised or revisited. Therfore, the KhartoumVariant started to exist more as an abstract entity rather thana material culture. As the Wadi Halfa-Second Cataract areaexhausted its archaeological potential, a “new impetus” to thestudy of the recent prehistory in Lower Nubia can now comefrom south of the Dal Cataract, as earlier correctly suggestedby Francis Geus and confirmed by the latest investigations.This paper presents the first results of new excavations at aKhartoum Variant site (8-B-10C) at Sai Island, located bet-ween the Dal and the Third Cataracts of the river Nile. It des-cribes the findings of previously unknown radiometric dating,architectural structures, environmental and economic evi-dence based on botanical remains, and artefactual materials.GIFFORD-GONZALEZ D. : Thinking About the Te n e r i a nand other Saharan Pastoralist IndustriesJESSE F. : Settlement patterns in Lower Wadi Howar,Northwestern Sudan

Wadi Howar traverses over a lenght of about 1000 kmthe southern margins of the Sahara. Its lower section situa-ted between the mountain chain of Jebel Rahib in the westand the Nile Valley in the east is around 400 km long.Geomorphollogically this part of Wadi Howar is nearly invi-sible in the ground. Archaeological investigation since 1984by different Cologne research projects allowed for the identi-fication of about 400 sites in this region. These differ in layoutand size. Sites in the plain, mostly consisting of vast findscatters, exist as well as a very peculiar type of settlement,the so-called dune habitats. These large dunes of parabolicshape have been preferred places for human settlement overa long period of time. They occur in a limited area, startingabout 160 km west of the Nile. Excavations on several ofthese dune habitats provided archaeological sediments ofabout one metre depth. Analysis of the pottery recoveredallowed for the establishment of a cultural sequence coveringa period of about 5000 years and starting at the end of the6th millennium BC. At the end of the 5th millennium BC pas-toralism replaced a predatory way of life. Not only differentways of subsistence can be associated with the different pot-tery design styles but also different spheres of contact andinfluence. The paper aims to trace the evolution and changeof settlement patterns during the history of occupation inLower Wadi HowarOZAINNE S. : The Middle and Late Neolithic Occupationsat Ounjougou (Mali): a cultural and environmental sequence

At the site of Ounjougou (Dogon Country, Mali), the



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sequence dated to the beginning of the Holocene (10th-8thmill. BC) is followed by an important cultural and sedimenta-ry hiatus; this could be representative of abandonment of theregion after an extremely arid climatic episode in the middleof the Holocene. After the 5th mill. BC, numerous sites aredistinguished by substantial fine fluvio-lacustrine depositsrich in botanical and archaeological materials, making it pos-sible to establish a chronocultural sequence integrating envi-ronmental data. Between the 5th and 4th mill. BC, develop-ment of a savanna-open forest mosaic evidences the returnof better climatic conditions; a workshop for sandstone bifa-cial armature production indicates the return of human occu-pations. In a Sudanian savanna landscape, pottery from the3rd mill. BC shows Saharan cultural influences. The sequen-ce from the 2nd mill. BC, marked by a clearly more Sahelianenvironment, sees the arrival of a new ceramic technology;several habitation sites and a high frequency of fires showthat settlement intensifies in the region, to the beginning ofthe 1st mill. BC.LE DREZEN Y., HUYSECOM E., BALLOUCHE A., NEU-MANN K., RASSE M., OZAINNE S., MAYOR A. : L a n d s c a p eDynamics and human impact in a sudano-sahelian geosys-tem from Neolithic until modern times:the example ofOunjougou (Mali)

This paper is based on geographical, archaeobotanic,archaeological and historical research on the site ofOunjougou (Dogon country, Mali) over the last ten years, car-ried out within the framework of the project «Human popula-tion and paleoenvironment in West Africa». The presentedstudy discusses the dynamics of vegetation systems andlandscapes from the Neolithic until today, as well as the roleand impact of human and climatic factors. The multidiscipli-nary approach of the research program allows us to proposeschemes of evolution of the landscape and to put them into adetailed chronostratigraphic framework. During the EarlyHolocene, the landscape of Ounjougou presented itself as avery open sahelian savanna, hardly affected by fires, andchanged during the Middle Holocene into a large-scalemosaic landscape. Savannas with Karite (vitellaria paradoxa)and Combretaceae were then predominant and fires becameincreasingly important for the evolution of the landscape.Numerous archaeological sites evidence a dense humanoccupation during those periods. During the Late Holocene,since the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC, the vegetationhistory becomes increasingly complex and major humanimpact on the landscape evolution can be observed. Sincethe beginning of our era, the landscapes of the BandiagaraPlateau are influenced by socio-cultural phenomena (theTolloy, Tellem and Dogon people) as well as economic(metallurgy etc.), religious and/or political ones. The originalvegetation has disappeared, except for some rare woodenpatches. Prehistoric and historic societies have from veryearly on controlled the nature by the means of fire and thusshaped the landscape. F E R K A N E - M E S TAYER S.: Contribution a la connaissance del’Epipaleolithique d’Afrique du Nord. Approche de l’indus-trie lithique dite Keremienne de Zaccar a Bou Saada, A l g é r i e .

1955-2005 : Conference for the 50th Anniversary of the‘Italian-Libyan Archaeological Joint Mission in theAcacus and Messak - Libyan Sahara’

Dear Colleague,

This year, the ‘Italian-Libyan Archaeological JointMission in the Acacus and Messak (Libyan Sahara)’ of theUniversity of Rome ‘La Sapienza’will celebrate its 50th anni-versary (1955-2005). This important occasion offers thechance to bring together, through an InternationalConference, the many specialists – archaeologists, geolo-gists, historians, environmental scientists, art historians, res-torers, museologists and tour operators – that work in thispart of the world, and in Africa. The Archaeological Mission,founded by Fabrizio Mori in 1955, through a long-lasting acti-vity has today converged its main interests on a series ofaspects that, by looking at our past, open to a new percep-tion of our possible future. In particular, the themes of theConference, seen in an Africanist perspective, will verge on:

1) The archaeology of Sahara in the 3rd millennium; 2) Climate changes, desertification and social responses; 3) Tourism and sustainable development in arid zones.

The conference is conceived as a “nomadic” meeting,starting from Rome, at the University ‘La Sapienza’, which inthese 50 years has generously supported the Mission, andmoving to Libya, our hosting country, that has granted itscommitment to our various scientific projects.

The meeting is planned for 14-23 December 2005(dates to be confirmed) as specified in the programme provi-ded below. The first day in Rome will be open to a largeraudience and will mainly focus on the presentation of theresults of the scientific/archaeological activity of the Mission,which will be inserted, thanks to the contribution of eminentinternational speakers, within a larger cultural scenario. Theconference will then move to Libya, where the participantswill take part to a meeting in Tripoli with the Libyan authori-ties. The following days will involve a fieldtrip in the mostspectacular rock art, archaeological and geological sites ofthe Tadrart Acacus and the Messak, that will offer the idealscenario to discuss the dramatically urgent issue of the pre-servation of rock art, together future projects for a sustai-nable tourism and development in desert areas. Talks arescheduled during the trip: given the ‘arid’ location, no laptoppresentations are foreseen; further technical details will becirculated.

During the conference days in Tripoli, accommodationin hotel will be provided, whilst during the trip to the desert,the participants will be sleeping in tents in an itinerant campwith all the ‘necessary’comforts. A list of things to be brought



11

Il Sahara possibile. Archeologia, patrimonio culturale, sviluppo sostenibile

Apossible Sahara. A r c h a e o l o g y, cultural heritage, sustainable

will be provided in the next circular (May 2005).At present, the organising committee is able to cover

all costs from Rome to Libya and return to Rome for the invi -ted participants. This will include VISA, field trips, 4x4 cars,all accommodation [double room], camping facilities, and tra-vel expenses in Libya: a registration fee is requested ( 80),only to cover insurance costs.

Given the ‘nomadic’ nature of the conference it isessential to have a clear estimate of the participants, wewould therefore appreciate a prompt reply. Further details willbe given as the organisation of the meeting proceeds, but fora first approach to the majestic features of the region, and theactivity of the Archaeological Mission, please visit our website (www.acacus.it).

Best regards,(for the Organizing Committee)Savino di Lernia Director of the Italian-Libyan Archaeological Joint Mission in the Acacus and Messak

(Very) Provisional Programme1st day, arrival in Rome, registration, accommodation andmeal;2nd day, Sala della Protomoteca, Campidoglio - Odeion,Faculty of Human Sciences, Opening Lectures; 3rd day, transfer to Tripoli, accommodation at the CorinthiaBab Africa Hotel, Evening Lectures;4th day, charter flight to Ghat, meeting with local authoritiesin Ghat, visit of Fehwet (Garamantian village recently exca-vated and restored by the Mission) and Aghram Nadharif;accommodation in the Acacus Hotel;5th day, transfer to the prehistoric rockshelter at Takarkori(excavation in progress) and visit of neighbouring sites;accommodation in mobile camp, igloo tents (all sleeping faci-lities provided);6th day, visit to the main rock art sites; transfer to Awisscamp;7th day, visit of main archaeological sites (Uan Afuda, UanTabu, Uan Muhuggiag, etc); camp at Awiss;8th day, visit of paleolakes of Uan Kasa dune field andGaramantian forts; transfer to the Messak Settafet, visit ofrock art sites; camp at Wadi Barjuj;9th day, transfer to Germa (ancient Garama, capital ofGaramantes); visit of paleolakes of Erg Uan Kasa andEdeyen of Murzuq. Transfer to Sebha, flight to Tripoli.Accommodation in Mehari hotel;10th day, transfer to Tripoli International Airport.

Calgary (Canada), 23-26 juin 2006.Le site web : h t t p : / / h o m e p a g e s . u c a l g a r y. c a / ~ s a f a c o n f / S A FA /est maintenant affiché et contient tous les renseignements. On peutconsulter le site pour le programme et l'appel à communications :h t t p : / / h o m e p a g e s . u c a l g a r y. c a / ~ s a f a c o n f / S A FA / p r o g r a m / p r o g r a m i n-d e x . h t m

Thème : Intégrer l'archéologie africaine

Des communications stimulantes exposant des découvertesnouvelles sont un élément essentiel de tout bon colloque. Nous espé-rons accueillir de nombreuses interventions de ce genre. Cependant,un colloque comporte aussi une convergence de données, de pers-pectives et de chercheurs, et notre but en 2006 sera d'optimiser lessynergies qui se développeront à partir de telles interactions.

La Réunion des Étudiants le 22 juin qui aura lieu pour la pre-mière fois à Calgary atteindra, nous l'espérons, ces deux objectifs. L'"intégration" de l'archéologie, telle que nous la concevons, doit com-prendre les interactions suivantes : - celle de données et séquences archéologiques de diverses partiesde l'Afrique, et entre des régions africaines et d'autres parties duglobe, y compris la diaspora africaine,- celle de l'archéologie africaine et de disciplines voisines : linguistiquehistorique, métallurgie, climatologie, paléontologie, études de la cultu-re matérielle et bien d'autres,- celle des producteurs d'archéologie africaine d'une part et de sesconsommateurs, réels ou potentiels, d'autre part, en particulier lesA f r i c a i n s ,- celle des Africanistes extérieurs et de leurs écoles avec les collèguesafricains et leurs établissements,- et enfin celle de l'archéologie africaine et d'autres archéologies enmatière de théorie, de méthodologie et de méthodes.

Cette liste n'a pas pour but de limiter l'éventail des sujets quiseront discutés, mais au contraire d'encourager les participants àréfléchir de façon plus large au sens de leur recherche et de leur pra-tique, et de nouer des liens avec des collègues qui sont éloignésd'eux davantage en apparence qu'en réalité. Par exemple les sujetsou thèmes de sessions suivants pourraient réunir données et col-lègues de façon productive :- Comportement et cognition au Middle Stone Age africain- Diffusion et l'invention de tradition chez les africains de l'Afrique etdes diasporas pendant la période de la traite des esclaves- Approches multi-disciplinaires des migrations et des maladiesanciennes : contribution de la génétique, de l'archéologie et dessciences médicales,- Archéologie du paysage et de la performance en Afrique

Vous êtes bienvenus à présenter des communications etdes rassemblements sur d'autres sujets et thèmes, dont certainsse dégageront des propositions et résumés reçus et qui serontinclus comme tels dans le programme. " Conservation (à tous les



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Colloque de la Societé des ArchéologuesAfricanistes/Society of Africanist Archaeologists

(SAfA)

niveaux) et archéologie publique " est l'un des sujets qui noussemblent particulièrement porteurs actuellement.The Theme : Integrating African A r c h a e o l o g y

Exciting papers documenting new discoveries are an essen-tial feature of any good conference. We hope to welcome many suchpapers. However a con-ference also entails a bringing together ofdata, perspectives and people and it is our aim in 2006 to maximizethe synergy generated by such interactions. The pre-conferenceStudent Meeting to be initiated in Calgary will, we hope, serve bothe n d s .

Let "integration" be broadly construed to include the interrela-t i o n s h i p s :• of archaeological data and sequences from different parts of A f r i c aand between regions of Africa and other parts of the world, includingthe African diaspora,• of African archaeology and related disciplines: historical linguistics,m e t a l l u r g y, climatology, paleontology, material culture studies andmany others,• of producers of African archaeology and its consumers, actual andpotential, especially A f r i c a n s ,• of expatriate Africanists and their institutions and their African col-leagues and their institutions, and• of African archaeology and other archaeologies in terms of theory,methodology and methods.This listing is in no way intended to limit the range of topics discussedat the conference but rather to encourage delegates to reflect on thewider significances of their research and practice, and to buildconnections with colleagues whose "distance" may be more appa-rent than real. For example the following topics/sessions could bringtogether materials and colleagues in productive ways:* Behavior and Cognition in the African Early Stone Age * D i ffusion and the invention of tradition African by Africans inAfrica and those of the diasporas during the Slave Trade period* Multi-disciplinary approaches to ancient migrations and disea-se: the contribution of genetic, archaeological, and medical sciences* The archaeology of landscape and performance in A f r i c a

We encourage you to present papers and symposia on othertopics and themes, some of which will emerge from delegates' pro-posals and abstracts and which will be incorporated as such into theprogram. "Conservation (at all scales) and public archaeology" is onethat we have identified as of special current interest.

Nic David, pp. Le Comité d'Organisation (safaconf@ucalgary. c a )Nicholas David, Ph.D., Faculty Professor of A r c h a e o l o g yUniversity of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada T2N 1N4

Toulouse, 5-8 sept. 2005 http://origines2.free.fr/

Désormais, de nombreux cher-cheurs cherchent dans la fin dela préhistoire régionale, en par-ticulier au sud et dans le désert

occidental, une partie des racines de l'Egypte pharaonique.Plusieurs communications annoncées participent de cettevolonté :

LUCARINI G. : Harvesting Techniques in the Late Neolithicand Predynastic Egypt - Contributions from ExperimentalArchaeology N E W TON Cl. : Environmental Change and Settlements Shiftsduring the Predynastic: New Data from Upper Egypt ROSE J.C. : Egyptians at the Beginning C R U B E Z Y E., MIDANT-REYNES B. : The Predynastic ofEgypt: a View from Adaima CREVECOEUR I., MAUREILLE B., VAN PEER Ph. : The FirstHuman Occupation of the Nile valley: Anthropological andCultural data NORDSTÖM H.A.: South of the Border. The Nubian A - G r o u pFacing the Emerging Egyptian State G AT TO M. : At the Origin of the Egyptian Civilization:Reconsidering the Relationship between Egypt and Nubia inthe Pre- and Protodynastic Periods Z B O R AYA . : The late prehistoric cultures of the Gilf Kebir andJebel Uweinat - the evidence from rock art BARICH B., LUCARINI G. : The Nile Valley seen from theOases – The contribution of Farafra KINDERMANN K. : Desert - Nile Valley Interactions: Av i e wfrom Djara D A R N E L L D . : Evidence from the Rayayna Desert andKurkur Oasis for Long Distance Trade during the PredynasticPeriod RIEMER H. : Contacts between the Oasis and the Nile: AResum_ of the Abu Muhariq Plateau Survey 1995-2002 PEREZ LARGACHAA . : Egyptian Desert and the Origin ofPharaonic Conception

INQUA Subcommission on Coastal Processes andSea-level Changes. International GeoscienceProgramme 495 – Quaternary Land-Ocean.Dunkerque (France), 28 Juin – 2 Juillet 2005

BARUSSEAU J.P., DESCAMPS C., DESCAMPS F., ESTRA-DE P., GEORIS-CREUSEVEAU J., SALIEGE J.F., R. V E R-N E T R . : "Niveau marin, forçage sédimentaire et occupa-tions humaines : le cas de Jerf el Oustani (Mauritanie)"



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L'Egypte pré- et protodynastique. Les origines de l'Etat

Late Quaternary Coastal Changes Sea Level,Sedimentary Forcing and Anthropogenic Impacts



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Vu dans le Monde14 mai 2005

8 avril 2005

La reconstitution des visages préhistoriques est à la mode : apporte-t-elle quelque chose ?

lettre d’information du centre régional inter-africain d’archéologie -...

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