Les cristaux photoniques de nos jours

Les progrès technologiques spectaculaires permettent la réalisation de composants optique intégrée originaux

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Théorie

Expérience

Les progrès technologiques spectaculaires permettent la réalisation de composants optique intégrée originaux

Ultrasmall multi-port channel drop filter in two-dimensional photonic crystal on silicon-on-

insulator substrate Akihiko Shinya, Satoshi Mitsugi, Eiichi Kuramochi, and Masaya Notomi

11 December 2006 / Vol. 14, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 12394

L~18 μm

1st PhC 2nd PhC 3rd PhC

B12 B23

Input port

Throughport

1 2 3 4 5

Wavelength [nm]

Tra

nsm

itte

d p

ower

[d

B]

Band edge of WG2WG1

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

WG2

Fabrication and Characterization of PhotonicCrystal-Based Symmetric Mach–Zehnder (PC-SMZ)

Structures Based on GaAsMembrane Slab Waveguides

Projet FESTA, Japon

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 23, NO. 7, JULY 2005 pp. 1308-1314

pp. 1698-1700

Wider bandwidth with high transmission through waveguide bendsin two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

Alongkarn Chutinan,a) Makoto Okano,b) and Susumu Nodab),c)

Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, No. 10, 11 March 2002

Conception, effets de topologie, problème inverse

Topology optimization and fabrication of photonic crystal structures

P. I. Borel, A. Harpøth, L. H. Frandsen, M. Kristensen P. Shi

J. S. Jensen and O. Sigmund 3 May 2004 / Vol. 12 No. 9 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1996

Waveinput

Designdomains

Poyntingvectormaximizedhere

0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.270.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Nor

mal

ized

tran

smis

sion

Normalized frequency

Standard Optimized

1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Los

s pe

r be

nd (

dB)

Wavelength (nm)

Un-optimized

Optimized

Autocollimation

Achieving centimetre-scalesupercollimation in a large-areatwo-dimensional photonic crystal

PETER T. RAKICH*†, MARCUS S. DAHLEM*, SHEILA TANDON, MIHAI IBANESCU, MARIN SOLJACIC,GALE S. PETRICH, JOHN D. JOANNOPOULOS, LESLIE A. KOLODZIEJSKI AND ERICH P. IPPEN

Nature Materials 5, 93–96 (2006)

pertes = 3.6 dB/mm

Mais quid de l'interface entre le composant à cristaux photonique et l'extérieur ?

Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing BetweenDielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides

Attila Mekis and J. D. Joannopoulos

JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 19, NO. 6, JUNE 2001 pp. 861-865

Photonic crystal tapers for ultracompact mode conversion

Thomas D. Happ, Martin Kamp, and Alfred Forchel

OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 26, No. 14 / July 15, 2001 pp. 1102-1104

Ainsi qu'une longue littérature

1522 OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 27, No. 17 / September 1, 2002

Low-reflection photonic-crystal taper for efficient couplingbetween guide sections of arbitrary widths

A. Talneau, Ph. Lalanne, M. Agio, C.M. Soukoulis

R 1- 6 %

Mais quid de l'interface entre le composant à cristaux photonique et l'extérieur ?

certes, mais le vrai problème est dans la direction verticale

et en version 2D, séparateur de polarisation

Waveguides, resonators and their coupled elements in photonic crystal slabs

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, S. Mitsugi, E. Kuramochi, and H-Y. Ryu

19 April 2004 / Vol. 12, No. 8 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1551

An Out-of-Plane Grating Coupler for EfficientButt-Coupling Between Compact PlanarWaveguides and Single-Mode Fibers

Dirk Taillaert, Member, IEEE, Wim Bogaerts, Member, IEEE, Peter Bienstman, Member, IEEE,Thomas F. Krauss, Peter Van Daele, Ingrid Moerman, Member, IEEE, Steven Verstuyft, Kurt De Mesel, and

Roel Baets, Senior Member, IEEE

IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 38, NO. 7, JULY 2002 pp. 949-955

solution "usuelle" de l'optique intégrée

Modes lents

-10

0

1514 1516λ (nm)

1518

T (

dB)

-5

0

1480 1500Wavelength: λ (nm)

(a)wd =

1.0W

0

20

40

60

80

100

1460 1480 1500 1520Wavelength: λ (nm)

0

10

1420 1460 1500λ (nm)

wd=0.65W

wd=1.0W

wd=1.0W

1520

(b)

5

Tra

nsm

ittan

ce: T

(dB

)

Gro

up in

dex:

n g

n g

ld

Extremely Large Group-Velocity Dispersion of Line-Defect Waveguidesin Photonic Crystal Slabs

M. Notomi,1 K. Yamada,2 A. Shinya,1 J. Takahashi,2 C. Takahashi,2 and I. Yokohama1

VOLUME 87, NUMBER 25 P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S 17 DECEMBER 2001

pp. 253902

Active control of slow light on a chip with photoniccrystal waveguidesYurii A. Vlasov1, Martin O’Boyle1, Hendrik F. Hamann1 & Sharee J. McNab1

NATURE|Vol 438|3 November 2005 pp. 65-69

Figure 1 | SEM images of a passive unbalanced Mach–Zehnderinterferometer using photonic crystal waveguides. a, Input section of theh i l id h i h d d ili b

Figure 3 | Active electrically tunable MZI with lateral electrical contacts tophotonic crystal waveguides. a, Time averaged magnetic field energy

Ajustement par chauffage localisé

Microscopie à balayage en champ proche, SNOM

In

Fiber probeOptical

delay line

Interferencesignal

SiSiO2 W

3 wav

egui

deEvanescent

field-tail

0.5 mμ

AlGlass

3 mμ

ba)

~10nm

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

126.0 x 8.1 mμ

0 0.8 1.6 2.40

40

80

120

160

Delay (ps)

k = 0.728k = 0.849k = 1.054P

osi

tion (

m)

μ

h)0 ps

0.4 ps

0.8 ps

1.2 ps

1.6 ps

2.0 ps

2

k = 0.607

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

121.1 x 8.1 mμ0 ps

0.6 ps

1.2 ps

1.8 ps

2.4 ps

3.0 ps

3.6 ps

4.2 ps

4.8 ps

5.4 ps

2

Résolution temporelle

Real-Space Observation of Ultraslow Light in Photonic Crystal Waveguides

H. Gersen,1,* T. J. Karle,2 R. J. P. Engelen,1 W. Bogaerts,3 J. P. Korterik,1 N. F. van Hulst,1 T. F. Krauss,2 and L. Kuipers1,4,†

PRL 94, 073903 (2005) P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S week ending25 FEBRUARY 2005

Cavités grand Q

Ajustement fin et subtil des paramètres

High quality two-dimensional photonic crystal slab cavitiesTomoyuki Yoshie,a) Jelena Vuckovic, and Axel SchererDepartment of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

Hao Chen and Dennis DeppeMicroelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1084

Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 79, No. 26, 24 December 2001 pp. 4289-4291

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, H. Mabuchi, and A. Scherer, Optimization of the Q factor in photonic crystal microcavities IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 38 (7), 850-856 (2002)

High-Q photonic nanocavity in atwo-dimensional photonic crystalYoshihiro Akahane1,2, Takashi Asano1, Bong-Shik Song1

& Susumu Noda1

NATURE | VOL 425 | 30 OCTOBER 2003 | pp. 944-947

Q = 45 000

Q = 2 800

Experimental demonstration of a high quality factor photonic crystalmicrocavity

Kartik Srinivasan,a) Paul E. Barclay, and Oskar PainterDepartment of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

Jianxin Chen, Alfred Y. Cho, and Claire GmachlBell Laboratories, Lucent Technology, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974

Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 83, No. 10, 8 September 2003 pp. 1915-1917

Q = 13 000

Cavités grand Q Mais surtout les valeurs records actuelles :Fine-tuned high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavity

Yoshihiro Akahane1,2, Takashi Asano1, Bong-Shik Song1, and Susumu Noda1

21 February 2005 / Vol. 13, No. 4 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1202

A B CABC

Thickness, 0.6a(a)

AA A B CABC

Thickness, 0.6a(a)

AA420 nm (=a)

A B CABC

Waveguide

(b)(a)

Cavity

420 nm (=a)

A B CABC

Waveguide

(b)(a)

Cavity

Qtotal = 88,000Qv = 100,000

1586.2 1586.4 1586.6Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsity

(ar

b. u

nits

)

18 pm

Qtotal = 88,000Qv = 100,000

1586.2 1586.4 1586.6Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsity

(ar

b. u

nits

)

18 pm

SOI

Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities realized by the local widthmodulation of a line defect

Eiichi Kuramochi,a� Masaya Notomi, Satoshi Mitsugi,Akihiko Shinya, and Takasumi TanabeNTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

Toshifumi WatanabeNTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 88, 041112 �2006�

SOI

Q = 900 000

Q = 100 000

Cavités grand Q

Analysis of the experimental Q factors

(�1 million) of photonic crystal nanocavities

Takashi Asano, Bong-Shik Song, Susumu Noda

�

6 March 2006 / Vol. 14, No. 5 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1996410nm 420nm415nm 415nm 410nm

Fig. 1. SEM image of the heterostructure photonic crystal cavity designed to have a Q factor of 16,000,000.

Qth = 16.106, Qexp 1.106

SOIFWHM

1.8~2.1pm

1.8pm

2.1pm

Wavelength (nm)1582.76 1582.765 1582.77 1582.775 1582.78

0

1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Em

issi

on In

ten

sity

(a.

u.)

Tra

nsm

issi

on (

a.u.

)

Egalement dans les III-V

GaAs

Q = 250 000

Achievement of ultrahigh quality factors in GaAs photonic crystalmembrane nanocavity

Evelin Weidner,a� Sylvain Combrié, Nguyen-Vi-Quynh Tran, Alfredo De Rossi,Julien Nagle, and Simone CassetteThales Research & Technology, Route Départementale 128, 91767 Palaiseau, France

Anne TalneauLaboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France

Henri BenistyLaboratoire Charles Fabry de l’Institut d’Optique, Bât. 503, 91403 Orsay, France

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 89, 221104 �2006�

Pertes de propagation dans des guide d'ondeUltra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides

Sharee J. McNab, Nikolaj Moll*, and Yurii A. Vlasov

3 November 2003 / Vol. 11, No. 22 / OPTICS EXPRESS 2927p , ; ,

SOI

Component Wavelength (nm)

Loss (dB or dB/cm)

Loss error (dB or dB/cm)

F-S spot-size converter (for pair)

1550

1

0.8

S-PhC butt-coupler (for pair)

1500

1.3

0.4

Strip waveguide (450x220nm )

1550

3.5

2

W1 membrane-type PhC waveguide

1505

24

2.4

24 dB/cm

Egalement dans les III-V, ici GaAs 7.6 dB/cm

Low propagation loss of 0.76 dB/mm in GaAs-based single-line-defect two-dimensional

photonic crystal slab waveguides up to 1 cm in length

Yoshimasa Sugimoto, Yu Tanaka, Naoki Ikeda, Yusui Nakamura, Kiyoshi Asakawa 22 March 2004 / Vol. 12, No. 6 / OPTICS EXPRESS 1090

(b) (c)

4.8 μμμμm4.8 μμμμm 2.4 μμμμm2.4 μμμμm

(f)

1.2 μμμμm1.2 μμμμm

(e)

1.2 μμμμm

(d)

(a)

1200 1300 1400-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

Ou

tpu

t si

gn

al (

dB

)

Wavelength (nm)

1200 1300 1400

1200 1300 1400

1 mm 4 mm 10 mm

0 2 4 6 8 10-32

-30

-28

-26

-24

-22

-20

Experiment Y = -22.41-(0.76±0.05)X

Ou

tpu

t si

gn

al (

dB

)

Length (mm)

0.76 dB/mm

face supérieure face inférieure

Pertes de propagation dans des fibres à cristaux photoniques

Low-loss hollow-core silica/airphotonic bandgap fibreCharlene M. Smith, Natesan Venkataraman, Michael T. Gallagher,Dirk Muller, James A. West, Nicholas F. Borrelli, Douglas C. Allan& Karl W. Koch

NATURE | VOL 424 | 7 AUGUST 2003 | w pp. 657-659

13 dB/km

Ultimate low loss of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres

P. J. Roberts, F. Couny, H. Sabert, B. J. Mangan, D. P. Williams, L. Farr, M. W. Mason and A. Tomlinson

BlazePhotonics Ltd, University of Bath Campus, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight and P. St.J. Russell

Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

10 January 2005 / Vol. 13, No. 1 / OPTICS EXPRESS 236

Fig. 1. (a) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the 1.7 dB/km HC-PCF with a 20 μm diameter core (the 1.2 dB/km fibre discussed in the text was very similar), (b) a digitised representation used for modelling and (c) a similar but idealised structure with lower predicted loss.

1.2 dB/km

Limité par la thermodynamique de la rugosité de surface

Développement de sujets connexes, métamatériaux, plasmons ...

Extraordinaryopticaltransmission throughsub-wavelengthhole arraysT. W. Ebbesen*†, H. J. Lezec‡, H. F. Ghaemi*, T. Thio*& P. A. Wolff*§

NATURE | VOL 391 | 12 FEBRUARY 1998 pp. 667-669Phys. Rev. B. 58, 6779, 1998

1998

2001

Experimental Verification of aNegative Index of Refraction

R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, S. Schultz

SCIENCE VOL 292 6 APRIL 2001 pp. 77-79

Waveguiding in Surface Plasmon Polariton Band Gap Structures

Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi*Institute of Physics, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 103, DK-9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark

John Erland, Kristjan Leosson, Peter M.W. Skovgaard, and Jørn M. HvamResearch Center COM, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345v, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

( i d 6 b )

VOLUME 86, NUMBER 14 P HY S I CA L R EV I EW LE T T ER S 2 APRIL 2001

pp. 3008-3011

2001

Controlling Electromagnetic FieldsJ. B. Pendry,1* D. Schurig,2 D. R. Smith2

23 JUNE 2006 VOL 312 SCIENCE pp. 1780-1782

"Manteau" d'invisibilité

Un autre retour au source, couplage fort, 2004Vacuum Rabi splitting with asingle quantum dot in aphotonic crystal nanocavityT. Yoshie1, A. Scherer1, J. Hendrickson2, G. Khitrova2, H. M. Gibbs2,G. Rupper2, C. Ell2, O. B. Shchekin3 & D. G. Deppe3

NATURE | VOL 432 | 11 NOVEMBER 2004 | w pp. 200-203

Simultanément dans des micro-piliersStrong coupling in a single quantumdot–semiconductor microcavitysystemJ. P. Reithmaier1, G. Sek1*, A. Loffler1, C. Hofmann1, S. Kuhn1,S. Reitzenstein1, L. V. Keldysh2, V. D. Kulakovskii3, T. L. Reinecke4

& A. Forchel1

NATURE | VOL 432 | 11 NOVEMBER 2004 pp. 197-200

Et aussi

pas en coupage fort

Deterministic Coupling of SingleQuantum Dots to Single

Nanocavity ModesAntonio Badolato,1* Kevin Hennessy,1* Mete Atature,3

Jan Dreiser,3 Evelyn Hu,1,2 Pierre M. Petroff,1,2 Atac Imamoglu3.

SCIENCE VOL 308 20 MAY 2005

pp. 1158-1161

positionnement

ajustement fin de la fréquence du mode de cavité

par gravure

Enfin de "vrais" effets quantiques

Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dotsin a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Dirk Englund,1 David Fattal,1 Edo Waks,1 Glenn Solomon,1,2 Bingyang Zhang,1 Toshihiro Nakaoka,3 Yasuhiko Arakawa,3

Yoshihisa Yamamoto,1 and Jelena Vuckovic1

PRL 95, 013904 (2005) P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S week ending1 JULY 2005

(a)

00 1.01.0

(b)

500 nmcryostat sample

beam splitter

spectrometerphoton counters

t1

t2

50/50 beamsplitter

time-interval analyzer

laser

polarizationanalyzer

90/10

0 10452 0 10452

(a)

0 10452

(b)

(d)(c)

0 10452

t'(ns)

t'(ns)

Struct. 2, line A Struct. 2, line B

Struct. 3, line BStruct. 3, line A

coun

ts

0

0

0

0

coun

ts

0 2 4 6 8 10

PL

inte

nsity

( a.

u. )

time ( ns )

QD1

QD2

QD in bulk

Coi

ncid

ence

( co

unts

)Time ( ns )

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 1250

50

100

150

200

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 1250

50

100

150

200

near resonance

on resonance(a)

(b)

Efficient Single-Photon Sources Based on Low-Density Quantum Dotsin Photonic-Crystal Nanocavities

Wen-Hao Chang,1 Wen-Yen Chen,1 Hsiang-Szu Chang,1 Tung-Po Hsieh,2 Jen-Inn Chyi,2 and Tzu-Min Hsu1,*

PRL 96, 117401 (2006) P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S week ending24 MARCH 2006