lecture 1 3rd sep
TRANSCRIPT
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LECTURE # 1
BUSINESS RESEARCH
METHODS
Instructor: Sumia Mumtaz
PhD Scholar
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Introduction toIntroduction toResearchResearch
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Basic research is what I am
doing when I dont know what I
am doing?
Werner vonB
raunfather of the United States space program
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What is Research?
Research is the systematic study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts andreach new conclusions.
We undertake research when we wish to
explore an idea, probe an issue, solve a
problem, or make an argument that compels us
to turn to outside help.
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Types Of Research
1. Exploratory Initial research conducted to clarify and define
the nature of a problem
Does not provide conclusive evidence
Subsequent research expected
2. Descriptive
Describes characteristics of a population or
phenomenon
Some understanding of the nature of theproblem
3. Causal
Conducted to identify cause and effect
relationships
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There are two types of research:
Types of Research
Primary Research
generating original information
Secondary Researchgathering information that has
already been generated
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Primary Research
Is original research
Generates up-to-date information
Includes methods such as observation,
experiments, surveys, and interviews
Analyzes, synthesizes, and evaluates all
information and data
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Primary Research
Advantages:
Is directly applicable to the need
Can result in extremely detailed, accurate,
and relevant information or data
Can result in new information that cannot
be found in secondary sources
Results in expert knowledge
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Primary Research
Disadvantages:
Is time consuming
Requires extensive planning
Can be expensive May depend on the participation of
unreliable sources for results
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Secondary Research Requires searching information that other
researchers have already collected, analyzed,
and reported Includes published works: books, journals,
magazines, newspapers
Includes unpublished works: business reports,operating manuals, masters theses, doctoral
dissertations, web pages
Is the most commonly conducted type of
research
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Secondary Research
Advantages:
Requires less time and little to no cost incomparison to primary research
Helps the researcher to either focus or expand
his/her scope
Elicits a sense of credibility and authority in
that it shows others that the researcher has
done his/her homework
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Secondary Research
Disadvantages:
The researcher may have to sift through atremendous amount of information.
Not all information sources are valid (i.e.,
internet web pages).
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Secondary Research Sources
Research Libraries
Support faculty and students in theirresearch efforts in college/university
libraries
Have extensive collections of books andperiodicals
Contain theses, dissertations, and other
useful unpublished works
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Secondary Research Sources
Books
One of the most reliable published sources. Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) has
replaced the card catalog in most libraries.
Browsing library shelves may result in newsources.
Interlibrary loans result in more materials.
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Secondary Research Sources
Magazines
Magazine Databases include ProQuest,Electric Library, and others.
Excellent related graphics may be
discovered.
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Secondary Research Sources
Reference Works
Indexes guides to newspapers,magazines, and journals
Bibliographies related publications
Collections of Abstracts journal articles
Guides to Research American Library
Associations Guide to Reference Books
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Secondary Research Sources
Reference Works
Dictionaries The Oxford EnglishDictionary, Websters Dictionary
Encyclopedias
Biographical sources Whos Who
Yearbooks Britannica Book of the Year
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Secondary Research Sources
Reference Works
Atlases map collections Gazetteers geographic information
Statistical data sources Statistical
Abstract of the UnitedStates
Almanacs good for statistics
Books of quotations
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Secondary Research Sources
Newspapers
ProQuest Electric Library
Microfiche
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Secondary Research Sources
Multimedia
Films Videos/DVDs
Audiotapes
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Secondary Research Sources
Internet Web Pages
Search Engines: Google, Yahoo Associations, Organizations, Businesses
Government Agencies
Public Institutions: Museums, Libraries
Note: Anyone can invent information and
put it on the internet.
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Research Techniques
1. Define and list your topic, project, or problem.
2. Identify key words of the topic.
3. Identify all resources with which you are
familiar that may provide information.
4. Use the Internet to conduct quick keyword
searches and record the URL addresses.
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Research Techniques
5. Use what youve learned thus far to check
libraries for books, periodicals, journals, and
other reference works.
6. Contact schools, companies, and
organizations in your local area to identify
persons who are knowledgeable in yourresearch topic.
7. Assemble your list of resources, and begin
systematically exploring them.
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Evaluating Information
The qualityof any source should be
evaluated before using and citing itsinformation.
It is up to the researcher to differentiate
between fact, opinion, and propaganda.Legitimately published sources contain the
most reputable information.