lec 4 oraganization
TRANSCRIPT
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WELCOME
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MIS – 104:
Computing Fundamentals
BBA Department of MISUniversity of Dhaka
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Books
1. Introduction to Computer Peter Norton
2. Computer Fundamentals Dr. M Lutfar Rahman
3. Computer Fundamentals Pradeep K. Sinha
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Last Class1. Computer:
Introduction Characteristics
Use (Specially in Business)HistoryGeneration
2. Classification of Computer: • Size & volume of data processing
– Micro, mini, mainframe, super• Working principle
– Analog, digital, hybrid• Purpose of use
– Special purpose, general purpose
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Today’s Class
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Outline
3. Basic Organization of Computer: Input Unit Output Unit Memory Unit Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
CPU = ALU + CU
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Organization
CPUInput Unit Output UnitALU
Control Unit
Memory Unit
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Outline
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Input unit
• Trough input devices command/problem/ instructions are passed to the CPU.
• Command as Electric signal moves to CPU or Preserved in the memory for further execution
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Input unit
Examples- – Keyboard– Mouse– Scanner– OMR– OCR – MICR– Barcode reader – Microphone – Joystick – Digital Camera – Light Pen – Track Ball – Card reader– Punch card – Webcam
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Output unit
• Processed data or result is displayed in an understable way through output unit
• Example:– Monitor– Printer– Speaker– Plotter – Microfilm, etc
• There are two types of output-– Hard copy:
• Printed papers, can be carried, touches– Soft copy:
• Result displayed in the monitor, can be viewed
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CPU
• Most important part of computer
• Known as the “Brain of computer”
• CPU is used for processing data & problems
• All types of calculation and decision making is done by CPU
• Collects the data from input, prepare result as per command and shows output
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CPU
• There are two main units of CPU, – Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)– Control unit (CU)
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ALU
• Known as `Arithmetic Logic Unit`• Solves all types of problems• Data analysis• All types of calculation like Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication, Division following the “Binary Rule”
• Perform logical operations Like: AND OR NOT, >, >=, <, <=, <> etc
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Control unit
• Controls & balances all the activities of the Computer
• Control the computer as per instructions like Data input, When/Where/How it will go? etc. are determined by control unit
• Transfers control to the next instruction
• Controls all the Hardware & software
• Determine` where the next instruction is located? & How it will be executed?`
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Memory unit
• One of the most important part of computer that preserves data, instructions,results etc
• Examples: – RAM, ROM– Hard disk, Floppy disk, Optical Disk, – Cache, Virtual Memory etc
• There are three types of memory- 01. Processor Memory 02. Primary Memory 03. Secondary Memory
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Processor Memory
• Also known as `Built-in Memory`
• There are some `Resisters` in the ALU whose acts as processor memory
• Used as a working memory of temporary storage of instructions & data
• Another built in memory to support resisters is called `CACHE`
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Primary memory
• Also known as `Main memory`
• The memory in which CPU access directly & rapidly is called primary memory
• When any programme runs the CPU has a direct access with memory for processing
• Technology based on `SEMICONDUCTOR`• Example:
– RAM– ROM
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Secondary memory
• Also known as Auxiliary Memory,
• permanent
• Only stores data & system program
• Generally two types-– Magnetic:
• HDD, FDD, Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape etc– Optical:
• CD-ROM/DVD-ROM, Optical disk etc
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Question...???
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Next Class
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Course Outline
4. Input UnitKeyboard, Mouse, Scanner, OMR, OCR, MICRBarcode readerMicrophoneJoystickDigital CameraLight PenTrack Ball
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Thank You