landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of mexico: a...

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Landfalling tropical cyclones on the Pacific coast of Mexico: A review from historical press reports G B Raga 1 Beatriz BracamontesCevallos 1 Luis M Farfán 2 and G. B. Raga , Beatriz Bracamontes Cevallos , Luis M. Farfán and Rosario RomeroCenteno 1 1 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, UNAM dd 2 CICESE, Unidad La Paz Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 1215 April, Seattle, Washington Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer climate (IAICRNII048 ) http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer climate (IAICRNII048 ) http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI

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Page 1: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Landfalling tropical cyclones on the Pacific coast of Mexico: A review from 

historical press reportsp p

G  B  Raga1  Beatriz Bracamontes‐Cevallos1  Luis M  Farfán2 and G. B. Raga , Beatriz Bracamontes Cevallos , Luis M. Farfán and Rosario Romero‐Centeno1

1Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, UNAMd d2CICESE, Unidad La Paz

Mexico

2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer climate (IAI‐CRNII‐048 )

http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI

Tropical cyclones: Current characteristics and potential changes under a warmer climate (IAI‐CRNII‐048 )

http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI

Page 2: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

EPAC climatology: satellite era

From official database at NHC (1949‐present)

Page 3: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

• What has happened in the last 40 years? 

20

1970‐1979 1980‐1989 1990‐1999 2000‐2009

16

18

12

14

8

10

4

6

0

2

average named storms average hurricanes average major hurricanes

Page 4: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Cat . 3

Variability of major hurricane trajectories as a function of 

decade and intensity

1970‐1979

Cat . 4 Cat . 5

(Farfan, Romero‐Centeno & Raga, 2011)

Page 5: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Cat . 3

Variability of major hurricane trajectories as a function of 

decade and intensity

1980‐1989

Cat . 5Cat . 4 54

(Farfan, Romero‐Centeno & Raga, 2011)

Page 6: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Cat . 3

Variability of major hurricane trajectories as a function of 

decade and intensity

1990‐1999

Cat . 5Cat . 4

(Farfan, Romero‐Centeno & Raga, 2011)

Page 7: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Cat . 3

Variability of major hurricane trajectories as a function of 

decade and intensity

2000‐2009

Cat . 5Cat . 4 54

(Farfan, Romero‐Centeno & Raga, 2011)

Page 8: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Landfalling TCs where they start, when they start,  where they 

land, how much rain they produce?On average about 15% of the total named cyclones make landfall

Genesis location of landfalling TC Genesis location of non‐landfalling TC

(Romero‐Centeno et al, 2011)(14N, ‐97.5W)(13.5N, ‐103W)

Page 9: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

L df lli  TC i  M i ( )

SINALOA 

Landfalling TCs in Mexico (1951‐2000)

BAJA  CALIFORNIA

SINALOA HUR= 18TT= 8

BAJA  CALIFORNIASUR HUR= 19TT   30TT = 30

(Jauregui, 2003)OAXACAHUR = 2TT = 11

Page 10: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Clear intraseasonal variability of land‐falling cyclonesMany trajectories are not simple: how to predict tem?Many trajectories are not simple: how to predict tem?Heavy precipitation associated with land‐fall 

(flooding, landslides, human casualties, large economic 

Page 11: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Land‐fall variability associated with large‐scale patterns (e g  geopotential @500 hPa  up to 72hrs prior patterns (e.g. geopotential @500 hPa, up to 72hrs prior to land‐fall)

6 81969‐2008

(Farfan, et al, 2011)

Page 12: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

L df lli  d t   EPAC :  1969 2008Landfalling dates  EPAC :  1969‐2008

Formation dates of landfalling TC 

10‐30 MayBefore rains  10‐30 Septemberstart in most of MexicoDRY SOIL

3 pWhen rains are present  in most of Mexico

WET SOIL

(Romero‐Centeno et al, 2011)

Page 13: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

High impact over landover land

Accumulated i it ti  f    precipitation for 3 

selected cyclones that d l df llmade landfall in 2006

Low impact pover land

(Farfan et al, 2011)

Page 14: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Metodología: Archivos históricos en oficinas g fregionales de gobierno, periódicos y boletines oficialesoficiales

Source: Archivo Historico Municipal de Mazatlan

Page 15: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Historical records of landfalling TCs in 4 M i  SMexican States

Baja California Sur (BCS), Sinaloa (Sin), Jalisco (Jal),Guerrero (Guerrero (GueGue))Guerrero (Guerrero (GueGue))

No recordsfound

(B. Bracamontes)

Page 16: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Historical records of landfalling TCs in 4 g 4Mexican States: 

Baja California Sur (BCS), Sinaloa (Sin), Jalisco (Jal),Guerrero (Guerrero (GueGue))

time Inactive(B. Bracamontes)

Page 17: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Record of landfalling TCs in EPAC:Record of landfalling TCs in EPAC:Guerrero, Jalisco, Sinaloa and BCS

(1850 2009)(1850-2009)Entrada a Tierra:  Guerrero, Jalisco, Sinaloa y BCS   

25

30

15

20

5

10

0

Prensa HURDAT

HURDATReconstructed period

Page 18: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Reconstructed landfalling timeseriesReconstructed landfalling timeseriesparameter value 95% CI

N: 155N: 155mean:  1.8 ± 0.2 1.6 ... 2.1

d ( )   6     s.d.(n):  1.6 ± 0.2  1.4... 1.7

skew:  0.7 ± 0.3  0.4 ... 0.9 

A liAnomalias

Page 19: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Correlation coefficientPeriodogram (1850:2010) Correlation coefficient

period Index Pearson Spearman1850‐2010 NAO 0,01 0,221866‐2009 SOI ‐0,02 0,131900‐2010 PDO 0,09 0,311856‐2010 Niño3 0,01 0,22

Wavelet (1850:2010)Black curve: cone of influence

Autocorrelation (1850:2010)

Page 20: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

I fl f MJO i l df lli ??Influence of MJO in landfalling??

During the convective phase:

M   i• More convection

• Increased low‐level cyclonic

vorticity

• Incread eddy kinetic energy and  • Incread eddy kinetic energy and  

barotropic energy conversion

Only  1998 l d

• Increased wind shear

• Genesis N of IZTC  closer to coast

Aiyyer and Molinari, 2008

analyzed Genesis N of IZTC, closer to coast

Page 21: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

SummaryFrom NHC database  total number in EPAC 

SummaryFrom NHC database, total number in EPAC hasn’t changed much but hurricanes and major hurricanes have decreased in last major hurricanes have decreased in last decade

Large intraseasonal variability of land‐falling cyclones

Many trajectories are not simple and their prediction is not easyprediction is not easy

Relationship between total and landfalling cyclones not understoodcyclones not understood

Page 22: Landfalling tropical cyclones on the coast of Mexico: A ...cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/IAI-CRN/files/RagaEtAl_AAG2011.pdf · Mexico 2011 Annual Conference, 12‐15 April, Seattle, Washington

Summary

df ll d

Summary

Landfalling timeseries were reconstructed from historical records and newspapers p pback to 1850, for 4 Mexican States in the PacificPacific

Variability comparable to that observed in NHC d bNHC database

Average of 1.8 ± 1.6 landfalls per yearg p yLargest correlation with PDO index

bl fl f d bPossible influence of MJO needs to be explored systematically