hazard recognition techniques for the field...

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Hazard Recognition Techniques for the

Field Employee

presented by

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David F. Coble, MS, CSPCoble, Taylor & Jones Safety

Associates Cary, NCwww.ctjsafety.com

919-466-7506

David F. Coble, MS, CSPPresident, CTJ Safety Associates

• 36 years of safety and health experience (12 yrs. with NC OSHA, 24 yrs. in consulting)

• Master’s Degree in Safety Management from Univ. of Arizona

• Visited nearly 3000 facilities in North America, Asia and Europe to identify and suggest controls for hazards

• Published numerous articles, best selling book on lab safety

• Administrator of ASSE Manufacturing Specialty

• Vice Chair of the ANSI B11.19 Committee

• Former manager of VPP program (Called Inspection Exemption Program) with North Carolina OSHA for 3 years

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Goals

• Improve your and your employee’s ability to recognize fire hazards and do the job right!

R i th F d t l f H d

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Recognition.

• Review eight practical methods that are easy to use in the field to identify fire hazards.

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Warm Up Hazard Recognition Exercise

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n Styrene Flash Point

31C88F

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employees identify the

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hazards that you have just named?

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Methods to Have Identified These Hazards

• Job Safety and Health Analysis

• Risk Assessment

• Work Permit or Hot Work Permit

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• PPE Hazard Assessment [1910.132(d)]

• Inspections for Pumps, Fans, Electrical Apparatus, Egress, Combustibles

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Write Down All of the Hazard Recognition

Techniques That You

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Fires May Result From Both Acceptable and Unacceptable

Risks

• Acts of Nature

• Open Flames

• Friction

• Static

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• Smoking

• Cutting and Burning

• Hot Surfaces

• Static

• Electrical

• Mechanical Sparks

• Chemical Reactions

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Two Types of Risk

• Acceptable (Acts of Nature; No Additional Controls are Needed)

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• Unacceptable (How does the field employee make this decision?)

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Determining Risks –Quantitative Techniques…

Frequent High High Serious ModerateLikely High High Serious Moderate

Occasional Serious Serious Moderate LowRemote Serious Moderate Moderate Low

Improbable Moderate Moderate Low Low

OccurrenceProbability Catastrophic Critical Medium Minimal

Severity 4 3 2 1Employee Safety and

Health:Injury Fatality Permanent Temporary Minor InjurySeverity/

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DisabilityTemporary Disability

Minor Injury

Penalties:Fines >$1,000,000 $100,000 to

$1,000,000$1,000 to $100,000

<$1,000

Criminal Yes Yes Yes NoExposure:

People Off Site, IDLH

On Site, IDLH

On Site,Toxic

On Site, Non-Toxic

Environment

Groundwater Soil Air Fully Contained

On SiteReputation

and Publicity

Worldwide National Regional Local

Probability >75% 50-75% 25-50% 5-25%Rating Nothing

has been done to address

this issue

Some work has been done and

implementation has started

Started but not fully effective

Strong level of

readiness

Severity/Probability/

Rating Matrix

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Determining Risks –Qualitative Techniques…

• Would you let your grown up children do the job?

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• Can you sleep at night?

• If someone gets hurt, would you change anything?

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Why not correct a hazard now before someone gets hurt?

• If someone gets hurt, would any changes be made to prevent

?

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• If not, then the hazard is an acceptable risk.

• If so, why not make the change now before someone is injured?

Fix Now or Acceptable

Risk?

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Fix Now or Acceptable Risk?

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Hazard Recognition

The Importance of C d d St d d

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to Hazard Recognition

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Test Your Knowledge…1. Oxygen and fuel gas cylinders in storage

must be separated by _________ or ________ .

2. Cylinders can not be exposed to temperatures above _______ .

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3. All cylinders must be stored upright. Define upright. ___________ .

4. Cylinders must be chained. T or F.

5. The valve cap on a cylinder must be how tight? _______________ .

Do you see any hazards in these

pictures?

Use Compressed Gas Association

Pamphlet P-1

•Unsecured cylinders•Unsecured cylinders

•No cap

•Stored in sunlight

•Stored on concrete and dirt

•Incompatibles not separated

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Standards Give Us…• Explanations of Hazards

• Clues as to Where Hazards May Exist

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• Control Measures

• If You Don’t Know the Rules and Hazards – ASK!!

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Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition

• Hazard recognition is a management and employee

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Management Must Provide:- Training About Hazard Recognition Techniques

Ti t R i th

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Hazards- Control of the Hazards

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Employees Must:- Use the Techniques Provided- Take the Time to Find Hazards- Report or Fix any Hazards

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• Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility

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• Hazard recognition is a key element of “Doing the Job Right” (Production or Service, Quality, Cost Control, Employee Relations, and SAFETY!)

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Doing the Job Right?

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• Space Heater

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Space Heater Safety…

• Grounded or Double Insulated

• Tip Over Cut Off Switch

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• Kept at Least 3’ From Combustibles

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• Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility

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“Doing the Job Right”

• Accidents are caused by both unsafe actions and unsafe conditions

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Most Common Unsafe Conditions

• Inadequate Guards and Devices

• Poor Housekeeping

• Hazardous Personal Attire (Hair, Jewelry, Clothes)

• Inadequate Fall Protection

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Impaling Hazards

• Congestion and Close Clearances

• Hazardous Atmospheres

Protection

• Improper Placement and Storage

• Poor Illumination and Loud Noise

• Unidentified Chemicals

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Unsafe Condition?

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Unsafe Condition?

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Unsafe Condition?

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Proper Separation

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Unsafe Condition?

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Unsafe Condition?

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Most Common Unsafe Actions

• Operating Equipment Without Authority

• Failure to Make Secure

• Taking an Unsafe Position

• Horseplay

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• Operating at an Unsafe Speed

• Overriding Safety Devices

• Using Defective Tools and Equipment

• Being in the Line of Fire

• Not Keeping Eyes on the Task

• Taking Shortcuts

• Failure to Warn or Signal

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Unsafe Action?

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Unsafe Action?

This

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- Groove in Stone

- Soft Metal in Stone

- Tongue Guard > ¼”

- Work Rest > 1/8”

Hazards Indicate Unauthorized Use

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Unsafe Action?

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Unsafe Action?

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Unsafe Conditions Due

to Unsafe Actions?

- Face Plate Missing

- Knockouts Missing

S f

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- No Strain Relief

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Safe Action…

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Portable Fire ExtinguisherTraining and Education

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Unsafe Action?

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Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards

• Planning – Prior to Exposure

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• Auditing – During Exposure

• Analyses and Critiques – Post Exposure

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Pre Exposure Techniques to Identify Fire Hazards

– Pre Job Safety Analysis or Briefing– Job Safety and Health Analysis– Issuing Work Permits– Pre-Use Analysis (New Equipment, New

Chemicals, PPE)

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– S/H/E Project Reviews– Management of Change– Turnaround or Outage Planning– Employee Suggestion Boxes– Open Door Policies– Safety by Design

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During Exposure Techniques to Identify Fire Hazards

– Job Safety and Health Analysis

– Hazops / What-If Analysis

– Walkthrough Inspections and Audits

– Equipment Inspections

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– Management System Audits

– Perception Surveys

– IH Surveys

– Housekeeping Reviews

– Documentation Audits

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Post Exposure Techniques to Identify Fire Hazards

– Root Cause Analysis

– Action Critiques such as Emergency Response, Rescues, New Process St t

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– Demolition Audits

– Documentation Reviews

– Safety and Health Policy Reviews

FinalSafetyChecks

JSHA,Risk

Assessment

Hazard Recognition

is a

Multi-

Layered A h

Second

Third

Assessment, Hot Work

Permit

Initial Planning –Office or Control

Room,Planner to the Field

Approach

Useful Before

Exposure Occurs

First

FinalSafetyChecks

JSHA,Risk

Assessment

Hazard Recognition

is a

Multi-

Layered A h

Second

Third


Permit


Room,Planner to the

Field

Approach

First

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First Level: Initial Planning[Example of Getting this HVAC Unit to the Roof]

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First Level: Initial Planning[What Issues to Consider?]

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Issues to Consider…

• How to get HVAC unit to roof.

• Will building be occupied?

• Weather and wind conditions.

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• Falls.

• Utilities.

• Controlling hot work.

FinalSafetyChecks

JSHA,Risk

Assessment

Hazard Recognition

is a

Multi-

Layered A h

Second

Third


Permit

Initial Planning –Office or Control Room,

Planner to the Field

Approach

First

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Eight Techniques to Recognize Hazards by the Field Employee

• Job Safety and Health Analysis

Ri k A t T k H d

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Analysis

• Hot Work Permit

• Final Safety Checks (5)

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2.

3.

Second Level TechniquesJob Safety and Health Analysis

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5.

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3. Connect to utilities

4. Test new unit

5. Adjust new unit

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Task Hazard AnalysisTask Hazard AnalysisDate: _________ W/Order#_____Task: ________________________

Name: ________________________Location: ________________________SOP, W/O Instructions Provided? Yes NoWere Instructions Reviewed? Yes No

Danger of being struck by an object (Flying/moving object) Yes NoDanger of being caught in, by or between (pinch point) Yes No Danger of Sharp Edges ( Laceration / Cut Potential) Yes NoSlip, Trip, Fall Hazards (Cords, Water, Oil, Ice) Yes NoHot Objects, Potential to get Burned (Molten Metal?) Yes NoAre equipment guards not in place or non-operational? Yes No

Procedures / Permits Required

Tools Required

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hot Work / Burning Welding Yes NoConfined Space Yes No Lock Out Tags, Locks, etc. Yes NoExcavation Yes NoAre Hazardous Liquids/Materials involved? Acids? Yes No

Are tools in poor working condition? Yes NoAre electrical cords in poor shape? Grounding? Yes No Do I not have the right tool/ equipment for the specific task? Yes NoAre ladders needed ( Have they been inspected)? Yes NoDo I not understand the safe operation of required tools? Yes NoIs fall protection needed? (Adequate tie-off points?) Yes No

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Is bending, twisting or stooping required? (minimize) Yes No Is excessive reaching required? (Can I Lose Balance?) Yes NoIs solid footing difficult to find? (Uneven surfaces, traction) Yes NoAre mechanical lifting devices required? Yes NoDo I need help to lift an object? (Check methods/equipment) Yes No

Is housekeeping inadequate? (Walking paths not clear?) Yes No Is there dust generated? (respirators needed?) Yes NoIs the atmosphere unsafe? (O2, CO, LEL) Yes No Do I need a gas level meter? (Permit necessary) Yes NoAre there Heat and/or Cold issues? (Fluids, Clothing) Yes NoIs the ventilation inadequate in the area for my task? Yes NoIs lighting inadequate for my task? Yes NoAre electrical hazards present? (Grounding?) Yes NoIs there excessive noise in the area? (Ear Plugs, Muffs) Yes NoAre emergency exits blocked ( fire equipment unavailable?) Yes NoDo the hazards of my task affect co-workers nearby? Yes No

Personal Protective Equipment RequiredAre Hazardous Liquids/Materials involved? Acids? Yes No

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________?? Basic PPE, Sleeves, Face Shield, Respirator, Silver Jackets, Silver Hoods, Goggles, Leggings, Gloves, Metatarsals, Apron, ...

__________________________________________________________________________________Permits:__________________________________

Other Special Requirements for Safety

If there are unanswered questions involving how to safely complete this task, call a supervisor or

a member of the safety department before continuing.

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Second Level TechniquesHot Work Permit

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Hot Work Permit

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FinalSafety

Checks

JSHA,Risk

Assessment

Hazard Recognition

is a

Multi-

Layered A h

Second

Third


Permit


Room,Planner to the Field

Approach

First

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Why The Third Level?Final Safety Checks

• Conditions may change – pinch points, tripping hazards, impaling hazards, blocked exits and emergency equipment, etc.

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• New people get involved

• The weather can change

• Hazards may have been overlooked during the first two levels

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Let’s Practice 5 Informal Hazard Recognition Techniques for

Use in the Field• Last Minute Safety Check

• The Ten Second Drill

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• Out-of-Plain-View Observations

• Looking for Differences and Clues

• Pre Use Equipment Inspections

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If you Don’t Want to Use Any of These…

• Consider the “What-If” Technique

A k lf Wh t if I d ’t

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PPE? What if I turn this valve? What if I don’t move these combustibles? Is it worth the risk?

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What If?Household Appliance Fire$20,000 Damage

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What If?

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Five Practical Hazard Recognition Techniques for Use in the Field

• Last Minute Safety Check

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Last Minute Safety Check• Every job, every task, every operation

must be planned and rechecked

• One simple field technique is a short multi-step process based on the following 4 questions:

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1. What am I about to do?

2. What do I need to do this job and how will I do it?

3. How could I or someone else get hurt?

4. What am I going to do to prevent injury?

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Numerous Names for This Technique

• SCAN – Survey, Consider, Analyze, Notify (ExxonMobil)

• First Things First – Hazardous Energy Controlled, PPE, Housekeeping, Emergency Preparedness

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• Dr. Pepper – 10, 2 and 4 (ConocoPhillips)

• SLAM – Stop, Look, Analyze and Mitigate (Marathon Petroleum)

Last Minute Safety Check –Employee is Concentrating on His Task

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Last Minute Safety CheckCheck for control of wastes, rags, etc.

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Oily-waste can (self-closing lid)

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Last Minute Safety CheckCheck for spill containment

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Last Minute Safety CheckCheck for grounding and bonding• Eliminates a difference in

static charge potential between conductive objects and ground

• Although bonding will

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eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire

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Last Minute Safety CheckCheck for open containers.

• Flammable liquids shall be kept in covered containers when not actually in use.

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Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition


Th T S d D ill

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The Ten Second Drill

• Take 10 seconds to look at what is going on around you.

• How will your task impact others or yourself?

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- Make sure no hazards have been brought in. - Make sure no hazards were overlooked.

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Are flammable and combustible liquids controlled?


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Can I get out in an emergency?The Ten Second Drill

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Is the fire extinguisher

readily


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Is the eyewash going to work if

I need it?


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• Ten Second Drill

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• Out-of-Plain-View Observations

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Out-of-Plain-View Observations• Many hazards lurk behind closed

doors, in closets, in cabinets, in drawers, behind the wall, up, down.

• It’s easy to spot issues within plain

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• Take the time to look in cabinets, drawers, and under work benches and tables, above, below, on the other side of the wall, for out-of-plain-view hazards.

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Out-of-Plain-View ObservationsAnti-Flashback and

Reverse Flow Devices

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Out-of-Plain-View Observations

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Out-of-Plain-View ObservationsFlame Arrester Screen

• Prevents fire flashback into can contents

• Double wire-mesh

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construction

• Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point

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• Planning The Work


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• Out-of-View Audits

• Look for Differences and Clues

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The Key Question of Hazard Recognition

1. Is there anything different or is there a clue?

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The Key Question of Hazard Recognition –Is there anything different?

• Different based on your education, your life experiences, your expectations of the workplace.

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• When you see something different and you don’t know if a hazard exists, ask someone who would know.

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Is there anything different?

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Is there a clue?

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Is there anything different?

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Is there anything different or a clue here?

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• Out-of-View Audits

• The Key Questions of Hazard Recognition

• Pre Use Equipment Inspections

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Numerous Pieces of Equipment Should Be Inspected Before Use

•Abrasive Wheels

•Fire Resistant

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•Ladders

•Tools

•Electrical Tools

Clothing

•Fire Controls

•Welding Apparatus

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Equipment Inspections – Heat Producing Apparatus

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Equipment Inspections - Electrical

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Equipment Inspections – Fire Fighting Apparatus

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Equipment Inspections – Parts Wash Tanks

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Equipment Inspections - Welding Unit

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Equipment Inspections -Uncovered Lugs

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Equipment Inspections –Life Safety

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Equipment Inspections –Electrical Apparatus

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Summary

• Hazard recognition is a skill that requires training and persistence

• There is a best way to do every job –th ffi i t hi h lit t

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effective and safe way

• Every organization needs a variety of hazard recognition techniques

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Finally,Please go back to your

initial list.

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Can you add techniques?

Are there techniques that need improvement?

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Thank you!David F. Coble, MS, CSP

Coble, Taylor & Jones

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Safety Associates

919-466-7506

[email protected]

hazard recognition techniques for the field...

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