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Scientia et Lux B.P. 155 Ruhengeri Rwanda T : +250 788 90 30 30 : +250 788 90 30 32 W : www.ines.ac.rw E : [email protected] INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI Accrédité par Arrêté Ministériel N° 005/2010/Mineduc du 16 Juin 2010 Scientia et Lux GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING Musanze, April 2018

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Page 1: GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING · GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING ... INES as a private Institute for Higher Education orients its academic services towards applied sciences

Scientia et Lux

B.P. 155 Ruhengeri Rwanda T : +250 788 90 30 30 : +250 788 90 30 32 W : www.ines.ac.rw E : [email protected]

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI

Accrédité par Arrêté Ministériel N° 005/2010/Mineduc du 16 Juin 2010

Scientia et Lux

GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING

Musanze, April 2018

Page 2: GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING · GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING ... INES as a private Institute for Higher Education orients its academic services towards applied sciences

Gestion et Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux i

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... i 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

1.1. Philosophy of INES-RUHENGERI ..................................................................... 1

1.2. Moto of INES-RUHENGERI .............................................................................. 1 1.3. Vision statement of INES-RUHENGERI ............................................................. 1 1.4. Mission statement of INES-RUHENGERI ........................................................... 1

1.5. INES’ core qualities ........................................................................................... 1

1.6. Strategic objectives ............................................................................................ 2

1.7. Quality principles derived from the vision, mission, strategic objectives and INES

qualities ............................................................................................................ 2 1.8. Concept of applied sciences ................................................................................ 2

1.9. Final year dissertation (FYD) .............................................................................. 3 2. DISSERTATION REPORT ................................................................................ 4

2.1. APPEARANCE ................................................................................................. 4

2.1.1. Paper ............................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Type of machine/Software .............................................................................. 4

2.1.3. Font size and style ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.4. Line spacing .................................................................................................. 4

2.1.5. Headings ....................................................................................................... 4

2.1.6. Paragraphs .................................................................................................... 5

2.1.7. Binding ......................................................................................................... 5

2.2. FORMAT/LAYOUT ......................................................................................... 5

2.2.1. Margin .......................................................................................................... 5

2.2.2. Page numbering ............................................................................................. 5

2.2.3. Justification ................................................................................................... 6

2.2.4. Figures and tables .......................................................................................... 6

2.2.5. Symbols, units and equations .......................................................................... 7 2.2.6. Oversize material ........................................................................................... 7

2.2.7. Photographs .................................................................................................. 8 3. RESEARCH PROPOSAL .................................................................................. 8

3.1. Background of the study ..................................................................................... 8 3.2. Problem statement ............................................................................................. 8

3.3. Research objectives ............................................................................................ 9

3.4. Research questions ............................................................................................. 9 3.5. Research hypotheses .......................................................................................... 9

3.6. Choice of the study ............................................................................................ 9 3.7. Significance of the study / Interest of the study ..................................................... 9

3.8. Study delimitation .............................................................................................. 9

3.9. Methodology / Materials and methods.................................................................. 9

3.10. Concept framework model .............................................................................. 9 3.11. Organization of the study .............................................................................. 10

3.12. Schedule / calendar ...................................................................................... 10

3.13. Budget ........................................................................................................ 10

3.14. References .................................................................................................. 10

4. ARRANGEMENT AND CONTENTS............................................................... 10

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Gestion et Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux ii

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

4.1. Arrangement ................................................................................................... 10 4.2. Cover ............................................................................................................. 10

4.3. Title page ........................................................................................................ 11 4.4. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... 11

4.5. Abstract .......................................................................................................... 11 4.6. Table of contents and Lists of figures/tables/symbols/appendices .......................... 12

4.7. Body of the Text .............................................................................................. 12 4.8. References ...................................................................................................... 14 5. REFERENCING ............................................................................................. 15

5.1. Writing a complete reference of a journal / paper / publication ............................. 15

5.2. Writing a complete reference of books ............................................................... 15

5.3. Article or chapter in an edited book ................................................................... 16 5.4. Unpublished works: ......................................................................................... 16

5.5. Online resources .............................................................................................. 16 5.6. Reprints .......................................................................................................... 16

6. SUBMISSION OF DISSERTATION ................................................................ 17

7. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES ........................................ 17 7.1. Plagiarism ....................................................................................................... 17

7.2. Assessment procedures ..................................................................................... 17 7.3. Assessment criteria .......................................................................................... 19

8. APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 20

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 1

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Philosophy of INES-RUHENGERI

Three core complementary pillars constitute the philosophical backbone of INES endeavour: to build

signs of hope, to contribute to unity and reconciliation, to contribute to sustainable development. These

pillars are anchored with Christian ethical values and constructive critical thinking.

1.2. Moto of INES-RUHENGERI

Scientia et lux / Shifting from paper to people

1.3. Vision statement of INES-RUHENGERI

The vision of INES is reflected in the following statement:

“Universality in every individual;

Knowing in order to better serve the world”

INES as a private Institute for Higher Education orients its academic services towards applied sciences. In

the vision of INES this means that all taught sciences are applied to the population daily problems,

seeking to propose and answer to them.

1.4. Mission statement of INES-RUHENGERI

According to the statutes of INES the mission is expressed as follows:

“To contribute through interactive junction between civil society, private sector and public sector to

the national and regional development, by providing specialized university education enhanced by

research, in order to create competitive enterprises and well paid employment”.

INES’ mission focuses on the relevancy and quality of education and the employability of graduates

through collaboration with stakeholders in the whole spectrum of academic services. The mission

statement refers to the above mentioned ambitions of INES and guides the Quality Management System

(QMS)

1.5. INES’ core qualities

The following core qualities lie at the basis of the current performance of INES:

Quality

Scientific excellence

Professional consciousness

Flexibility

Collaboration (among staff and with

students)

Architectural concept

Accessibility (geographical and financial)

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 2

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

Innovation

Entrepreneurship

Team spirit

Determination and perseverance

Courage and responsibility

Receptivity to local need

Relation with the Catholic Church

Culture of Transparency

Integration of Social Sciences and

Communication

1.6. Strategic objectives

Provide excellent, competitive and practical knowledge

Educate for creation of employment

Promote scientific and technological research as well as research for integrated development

Participate in the opening of the employment market and productive sectors

Contribute to the complementarities of science and culture

Contribute to Rwanda’s social and economic development through the transfer of appropriate,

relevant skills and knowledge according to (inter)national standards.

1.7. Quality principles derived from the vision, mission, strategic objectives and

INES qualities

To enhance INES capacity to grow and to achieve Degree Awarding Powers some quality principles/

strategic objectives are defined (strategic plan 2009 – 2013):

INES has qualified, competent and sufficient academic and administrative staff that are

permanently employed;

INES has sufficient, good quality and well equipped infrastructures;

The quality of the administrative, financial and academic management of INES corresponds to

standards and norms of HEI in the region;

1.8. Concept of applied sciences

The orientation of Applied Sciences was chosen by INES after deep analysis of the situation of

labor market and discovering that there was a serious problem of mismatch between University

products (graduates) and labour market needs in the region. The underlying question was then on

whether Higher Learning Institutions (HLIS) are teaching wrong things or if they are teaching

right things in a wrong way. And the answer was found to be that HLIs teach right things but in a

wrong way. It is in trying to find the right way to procure its educational services and especially

after consultation with experts from countries already implementing the approach, such as the

Kingdom of the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland, that the new orientation of Applied

Sciences was adopted. This approach was indeed, identified as the right tool to overcome the

mismatch between the academia services and the labour market expectations. Before adopting the

approach INES organized several workshops, seminars and consultations. This exercise involved

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 3

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

academic and administrative staff, students, professionals, and representatives of professional

institutions.

Being an Institute of Applied Sciences implies that INES’ academic system and community

engagement activities are characterized by (1) academic programs that are not only tailored to

students professional requirements but are also developed based on real community development

needs, (2) a more competence-based educational methodology with a focus on integrating

theories and practical done at school with professional context generic competences, (3) research

activities focusing on applied research in collaboration with the world of work and (4) close ties

with business and industry in contributing to regional development.

1.9. Final year dissertation (FYD)

As part of INES' curriculum, all finalist students are required to undertake a project, supervised

by academic staff. The FYD is an important piece of work that requires the synthesis of the

knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work, i.e. the FYD will involve an in-depth study,

investigation, and testing in any of the areas of specialized courses offered in a final year option

group. The student is required to submit a formal report, to carry out a project demonstration and

also to make an oral presentation upon the completion of research project. It is considered as the

capstone of the undergraduate studies. This set of guidelines is prepared so that all INES students

and staff are aware of the various FYD requirements in terms of research project schedules,

dissertation report and presentation as well as criteria for assessment.

The FYD is designed to satisfy the program outcomes of INES curriculum, especially:

An ability to apply knowledge and skills acquired in real life problem solving.

An ability to conduct experiments, as well as to analyse and interpret data.

An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs.

An ability to function in a team environment.

An ability to communicate effectively.

An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.

The FYD will instill in students the importance of teamwork, expose them to multidisciplinary

considerations (e.g. economic, social, political, safety) and improve their communication skills

(written and oral). The final project is the largest single piece of work that prospective employers

will most likely be interested in during a job interview.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 4

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

2. DISSERTATION REPORT

The dissertation report should be of a professional quality. Students are expected to present their

FYD report in a manner as would be required in the profession with correct spelling, grammar,

and syntax.

2.1. APPEARANCE

2.1.1. Paper

High quality 80 g A4 paper shall be used. The paper should be white in color, acid free and non-

erasable kind.

2.1.2. Type of machine/Software

Students are encouraged to use a personal computer to write their FYD report. Near-letter quality

impact printers or laser-jet printers may be used; however, dot-matrix printers and ink-jet printers

are not acceptable. Any word processing software such as Microsoft Word or WordPerfect

would be suitable to write the final year project report. Students may also use Microsoft Excel,

Lotus 123, ACCESS etc. for any tables, calculations or any other applications.

2.1.3. Font size and style

Only one font style may be used throughout the entire report, including the title-page, signature

page, acknowledgement, bibliography and appendices. The basic text should be in “Times New

Romans” of font 12 point. A 10, 11 or 12 point font size can be used for footnotes, captions,

figures, tables and other print outside the basic text.

2.1.4. Line spacing

The line spacing should be set at 1.5. Single spacing may be used in the acknowledgments, tables

of contents, references, appendices, list of tables/ figures, abstract, quotations set off from the

text, captions of figures / tables, and footnotes.

2.1.5. Headings

Chapter headings are to be centered and written in bold capital letters. Thy have to be on one line

with the word chapter. The maximum size acceptable for chapter headings is 14 point. Other

sub-headings are written in bold small letters, aligned to the left margin and should be of 12

point in size, and in bold.

Page 8: GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING · GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING ... INES as a private Institute for Higher Education orients its academic services towards applied sciences

Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 5

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

2.1.6. Paragraphs

A single space has to be put between two successive paragraphs. A paragraph has to have 6 to 9

lines. A paragraph of 1 or 2 sentences has to be avoided. A heading that appears as a last line on

a page will not be accepted. There should be a minimum of two lines of a paragraph at the

bottom of the page under the heading.

2.1.7. Binding

The first submission of the FYD report project for evaluation and examination purposes should

be in temporary binding. Hole-punching and spiral binding of the project may be acceptable for

temporary binding. Final submission of the final project report must be in permanent hard-cover

binding. Information printed on the cover must be between 18 and 24 point size. The color of the

cover paper must be white, while the letters on that cover page must be black-colored (Appendix

A).

2.2. FORMAT/LAYOUT

2.2.1. Margin

When typing the projects, the following margins should be observed (also please refer to the

sample in the appendices):

Left: 3.8 (This margin is wide for binding requirements)

Top: 2.5 cm

Right: 2.5 cm

Bottom: 3.0 cm

Excepting from page numbers, all other projects material must fit within these margin

requirements (including tables, figures, graphs, etc.).

2.2.2. Page numbering

Every sheet of paper in the manuscript except the title page must be numbered. The title page is

'i' but not numbered. Preliminary pages (all pages before the body of the text) such as abstract,

acknowledgments and table of contents are to be numbered in lower case Roman numeral (ii, iii,

iv, etc). The main text pages are to be numbered in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc) and all pages

must be numbered.

The page number must be centered to the text, not to the page and must be placed at the bottom

of the page. Since the bottom margin is 3.0 cm, the page number must appear at 1.3 cm from the

bottom of the page. No dashed, periods, underlining or other marks should appear before, after or

under the page number.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 6

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

2.2.3. Justification

The FYD report must be fully justified (i.e. have even left and right hand margins).

2.2.4. Figures and tables

All illustrations (photographs, drawings, graphs, etc.), not including tables, must be labelled as

“Figure.” All figures must have a caption and/or legend and be numbered (e.g., Figure 2), unless

there is only one figure. In this case, it should be labelled “Figure” with no numbering. Each

figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Captions must

be written in sentence case. All figures must be cited in text. Figures will be placed as close as

possible to the first text citation. Figures must be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals;

each one must be referred to in the text as, e.g., Fig. 1 Figs 1-3., in the brackets, except at the

beginning of a sentence where the world Figure should be written out in full. They should be

self-explanatory, i.e. understandable without reading the text. Data presented in the tables should

not be repeated in the figures. The legend of the figures should be placed at their bottom.

Figure 1: The caption should be placed after the figure

All tables must have a caption and/or legend and be numbered, unless there is only one table, in

which it should be labelled “Table” with no numbering. Number tables consecutively with

Arabic numerals in order of mention in the text. Tables must be placed as close as possible to the

first text citation. Each table must be referred to in the text as, e.g., Table 1, in the brackets,

except in the beginning of a sentence when the world Table should be written out without

brackets. The same data should not be given in both tables and figures. The title of a table should

be placed in the top of it and should be brief but fully descriptive if the information contained.

Figures and tables (and their captions) should be center aligned. Justify alignment has to be used

if caption is more than one line. In caption/legend, only the word Figure/Table and its number

will be in bold (see caption for figure on page 6 and for table on page 7). Illustration, tables, or

figures requiring more than one page should have the number of caption and the “continued” at

the top of each additional page. For example Table 3 (continued).

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 7

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

Table 1: The caption should be placed before the table

The source of the data should not be indicated if the data are from the results of the research

being carried out. If not, name(s) of author(s) and the year of publication have to be put in

brackets after the table / figure caption (see reference section).

2.2.5. Symbols, units and equations

Symbols or nomenclature used shall be defined when first used in the text. Standard symbols or

acronym normally accepted can be used. International system unit (SI) shall be used. Equation

number should be Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses on the right and margin. They should

be cited in the text, for example, Eq. (1) or Eqs. (1)-(3).

Equations start from the left. Punctuate equations with commas or periods when they are part of

a sentence. For example,

2.2.6. Oversize material

The margins given in these guidelines are to be observed for all oversize, illustrative, and special

material described in the following paragraphs:

a) Reducing oversize to standard requirement margin: A copy that has been reduced on

photocopying machines to fit within required margin for the 8 1/2 x 11 inch page must be

legible. Usually, the earliest method is to reduce material to the appropriate size, trim the

page, and mount it on a separate page to fit within the required margins. This “pasted up”

version serves as the original, from which the copy is made for filing.

b) Oversize material to be folded: some oversized material cannot be reduced to standard-page

margin requirements, and must be submitted on a larger-than-standard page. Paper measuring

11 x 17 inches may be included in the manuscript by converting the page to manuscript size

with pleat-like folds. With these pages, the left (11 inch) will have a 3.8 cm margin, the right

(17 inch) will have a 3.0 cm margin, and the top and the bottom will have a 2.5 cm margin.

The page number is placed 1.3 cm from the bottom edge of the page, and about 10 cm from

the right side paper edge. The folds of the 17 inch wide paper must be at least 3.0 cm from

Page 11: GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING · GUIDELINES FOR DISSERTATION WRITING ... INES as a private Institute for Higher Education orients its academic services towards applied sciences

Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 8

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

the edges of the page to assure that the illustration is not cut when the edge of the page is

trimmed in the binding process. When the oversized page is properly folded, the page

number will appear in the position where it appears on the standard-size page. When

submitted, the oversized page must be one continued sheet, with nothing glued or taped.

2.2.7. Photographs

Photographs may be attached in any of the following ways:

a) Students may submit a page with an actual photograph, if the image size conforms to the

margin requirements.

b) If the photograph is smaller than A4 size, students may paste the photograph on a standard

sheet of paper, according to the margin requirements, and photocopy it in black and white or

in color, as appropriate. Pasted-up pages, however, will not be accepted. High quality and

high contrast photocopies must be made of any photographic material.

c) Students may also use high resolution scanners to scan photographs and reprint them as

required through suitable computer software. In this option, the size of the photographs,

margins, color and contrast etc. may be adjusted according to the requirements.

3. RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The research proposal gives a background, an overview of the overall topic (the problem

statement), the objectives of the research, questions and hypotheses of the research, the

delimitation. The methodology has to be written in detail. The motivation (the choice and interest

of the research) for undertaking the research as well as the organization (structure) of the report

should be included. Its content should be general enough to guide the reader gracefully into the

subject materials. It ends with the schedule (calendar) and the budget. The research proposal is

written in future tense. The research proposal content (except calendar and budget) becomes the

general introduction in the final document and it has to be written in past tense. The research

proposal may include the following titles:

3.1. Background of the study

The background of the study gives specifics of the problem and not the history of the case. It

gives citations and builds a case for the study. Let there be authoritative sources/citations.

3.2. Problem statement

It should be a paragraph and should clearly show what the problem is? What the research seeks to

solve. Give authoritative sources/citation what has been done and what is missing.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 9

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

3.3. Research objectives

They include general and specific objectives. The general objective is a statement giving the

main purpose/goal of the study. The specific objectives are specific statements giving the targets

or intentions of the study and they are normally given in bullets (i) (ii) (iii) or (a) (b) (c). They

should be within the scope.

3.4. Research questions

The research questions are based on the specific objectives. An introductory statement should be

there. The framing of questions should not attract a yes/no answers.

3.5. Research hypotheses

This is a tentative answer to the research specific objective which will be verified during the

course of study. This answer might be accepted or refuted according to the findings of the

research.

3.6. Choice of the study

This is the reason why the researcher has decided to undertake research and of course the reason

why a specific topic was chosen.

3.7. Significance of the study / Interest of the study

The significance of the study should explain who benefits from the study and how they will

benefit from the study. Personnel, scientific, academic, socio-economic interest, etc., can be

stated. This section must be in future tense.

3.8. Study delimitation

This shows the extent to which the results of the study can be generalized. This part shows the

research delimitation in terms of time, space, domain, etc.

3.9. Methodology / Materials and methods

This is a brief presentation of the techniques and approaches to be resorted to while carrying out

the research.

3.10. Concept framework model

The concept framework model can be added if necessary. It is the figure which summarizes the

research. Dependant, independent, and intermediate variables have to be specified. The inclusion

of the concept framework will depend on the supervisor.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 10

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

3.11. Organization of the study

The organization / subdivision of the study should include structure of the study chapter by

chapter.

3.12. Schedule / calendar

This is a plan on how the research will be carried out from topic formulation up to final

dissertation submission. It includes the timetable showing different activities to be done and the

timeframe within which the activities will be accomplished.

3.13. Budget

This shows the budget in terms of money (cash) that will be used to accomplish the research.

3.14. References

The research proposal ends with a list of references consulted (see reference section).

4. ARRANGEMENT AND CONTENTS

4.1. Arrangement

The contents should be arranged in the following order:

a) COVER

b) TITLE PAGE

c) DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY (to be signed by the student)

d) APPROVAL (to be signed by the supervisor)

e) DEDICATION

f) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

g) ABSTRACT

h) TABLE OF CONTENTS

i) LIST OF FIGURES

j) LIST OF TABLES

k) LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBRAVIATIONS/TRANSLATIONS/ACRONYMS, etc.

l) LIST OF APPENDICES

m) BODY OF THE TEXT

n) REFERENCES

o) APPENDICES

4.2. Cover

The information printed on the cover page should include the following information exactly in

the given order and presented following INES house style presentation (Appendix A):

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 11

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

INES RUHENGERI appears in full capital letters at the top of the page

The logo of INES in the right margin

Faculty of ……should follow the name of the department

Name of department should appear in the next line

The title of the final year project report. It should be short and include meaningful

keywords descriptive of the subject and the content

A dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a

Bachelor/Master’s degree of……..in …….

The name of the student used on the cover, must be the same under which the student is

registered at INES. Registration Number of the student should appear following the name

of the student.

The name of the supervisor should be put after this

The place, month and year of submission should appear on the next line.

The title of the FYD report will be in 18 point and the other texts will be in 14 point font size.

The top and bottom margin for the cover page must be 6 cm. All information printed on the

cover must be justified centred.

If the FYD report exceeds 6 cm in thickness, then the binding should be done in two different

volumes. In this case the volume number should be printed in Arabic numbers under the title of

the FYD report, for example, Vol. 1 or Vol. 2.

4.3. Title page

The information printed on the title page should be the same as the ones on the cover page

without the house style presentation (Appendix B).

4.4. Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements should be with 1 or 1.5 as interline space, under the heading

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This section may include appreciation of all those who assisted the

author in the preparation of his/her final year dissertation, particularly the supervisor(s). The

supervisor comes first, followed by other academicians and then relatives last. It should not

exceed 300 words (Appendix E).

4.5. Abstract

The heading of ABSTRACT appears centred and in full capital letters beneath the top margin

(Appendix F). The abstract consists of:

a brief description of the literature and the problem ending by objectives

a brief description of the methods or procedures used

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 12

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a condensed summary of the findings of the study as well as the major conclusions and

recommendations

The length of the abstract should not exceed 500 words and should be on only one page.

4.6. Table of contents and lists of figures/tables/abbreviations/appendices

A table of contents (TOC) shows readers the starting page number of each major section and

subsection in the report (Appendix G). The topics to be covered in the report must be carefully

selected and organized. The flow of the topics to be presented is very important in order to guide

a relatively novice reader in understanding the whole report. To an experienced reader, the TOC

gives a quicker way of finding the interested information.

With the similar purpose as the TOC, the lists of figures/tables/abbreviations/appendices is to

enable readers to find the illustrations, diagrams, charts, tables, symbol, and appendix

explanation in the report (Appendices H, I, J and K).

4.7. Body of the Text

The MAIN BODY TEXT should normally be divided into chapters such as (Appendix K):

General introduction

Literature review or review of literature

Research methodology / Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion (Note: Results may be combined with discussion)

Conclusion and recommendations

a) General introduction

The general introduction is necessary to give a background, an overview of the overall topic (the

problem statement), the objectives of the research, hypotheses of the research, the delimitation.

One paragraph summarizing the methodology is necessary here. The motivation (the choice and

interest of the research) to the initialization of the project as well as the organization (structure)

of the report should be included. Its content should be general enough to guide the reader

gracefully into the subject materials. The content of the general introduction is same as the

contents of research proposal, excluding the schedule (calendar) and budget. The research

objectives, questions, and hypotheses have to be provided in the research proposal. However,

depending on the supervisor, the research questions and hypotheses may not be necessary in the

final document.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 13

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

b) Literature review / Review of literature

This section is to discuss the theoretical aspects leading to the implementation of the project.

Typically, this involves the historical background of the theories published in the research

literature related to the topic and the questions or ambiguities arose in these theoretical works.

Concepts definitions, theoretical framework / related theories, and related studies are thus

necessary for the present section. Citations for the sources of information should be given in the

standard bibliographic format (see reference section) that point to the list of references. Only the

literature review relevant to the topic has to be written as its most important role is to be used for

discussion.

c) Research methodology / Materials and methods

The section has to be written in the third person and past tense (future tense for research

proposals). Materials and methods should not be separated and must be written in paragraphs,

not be written in point form. The use of long sentences should be avoided. Subheading often

makes this section easier to read and understand. For methodology not involving lab work,

presentation of areas of the study, research design, source of data collection, techniques of data

collection, study population, sampling technique and sample size, and data processing and

analysis have to be highlighted. Last subtitle of this section has to be statistical analysis.

The project may be in one of the following nature: Experimental research, design synthesis of

hardware/software, development and application of theory. Depending on the nature of the

project, the approach can be described in one or more sections. For experimental research,

explanations shall be given with regard to the equipment used to conduct the experiment, the

function of each apparatus, how the configuration works to perform a particular measurement,

sources of errors and how to minimize them, materials and ways to produce the sample. For

design synthesis of hardware/software, detailed descriptions on the techniques used shall be

given. For development and application of theory to solve a particular problem, the techniques

used shall be explained in detail. Mathematical derivations that are too lengthy shall be given in

appendices. Experiments conducted to verify the theory shall also be documented.

d) Results

This section should, by means of text, tables and / or figures, give all the results obtained. The

same data or information given in a table must not be repeated in a figure and vice versa.

Repetition of information that is made obvious in figures/tables should be avoided in the text.

Please take under consideration that result section should not consists of an interpretation of the

results, which is reserved for discussion. Raw data which may take up a few pages, and most

probably won’t interest any reader, could be placed in the appendices.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 14

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

e) Discussion

The interpretation of the data gathered can be discussed in this section. The discussion should be

focused on the interpretation of the results avoiding a repetition of the results section. Interpret

the findings in view of the hypotheses made, results obtained in this and in past studies on this

topic. Sample calculations may be included to show the correlation between the theory and the

measurement results. If there is any discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental

results, an analysis or discussion should follow to explain the possible sources of error. Within

the discussion, brief speculation on the implications of the reported findings may be included if

appropriate. The presentation of data and the discussion may also be combined into one chapter.

f) Conclusion and recommendations

A conclusion is not abstract. It gives a brief overall finding of the study and its significance

based on the formulated objectives. One short paragraph is sufficient. Additional discussion shall

not be added. The potential applications of the results and recommendations for future work may

be included.

4.8. References

The American Psychological Association (APA) referencing system is to be followed.

References should be cited in the text by the last name(s) of the author(s) and year of publication

with a comma between them: For example (Knott, 1987) or (Cochran & Cox, 1957). If the

citation is the subject of the sentence, only the date should be given in parentheses. For example,

Knott (1987) reported that…, Cochran and Cox (1957) defined memoire as…. For citation of

references with 3 or more authors, only the first author’s name followed by et al. (italicized)

should be used: (Güneş et al., 2002). If it is a part of a sentence, you wrote Güneş et al. (2002)

suggested that… If there is more than one reference in the same year for the same author, please

add the letters a, b etc. to the year: (Jones et al., 2004a, 2004b). If same idea was reported by

various authors, references should be listed in the text first chronologically, and then

alphabetically, and separated by semicolons: (Knott, 1987; Güneş et al., 2002; Jones et al.,

2004a, 2004b).

Bibliography should be listed at the end of the document in alphabetical order without

numbering. The second line of an entry must be hanging at -0.25 from the original margin. All

authors should be included in reference lists. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text

is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). The document should be checked carefully to

ensure that the spelling of the authors’ names and the years are exactly the same in the text as

given in the reference list. The list of references is not classified or categorized according to the

type of material e.g. books, journals, newspapers or magazines. They have to be mixed.

References must be written in the manner explained in the following paragraphs.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 15

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

5. REFERENCING

In writing references at the end of the document, the last name of the author is required to be

written in full as printed in the title page of the reference material, or the page where information

on copyright is printed. The other names are to be shortened to the initial alphabets only after the

family name, for example Ronald Brown => Brown, R.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy => Kennedy, J. F.

References should be formatted as follows (please note the punctuation and the

capitalization):

5.1. Writing a complete reference of a journal / paper / publication

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number

(issue number), page numbers.

Examples:

Ogrydziak, D. M. (1993). Yeast extracellular proteases. Critical Review of Biotechnology, 13 (2),

41-55.

Rindermann, H., & Ceci, S. J. (2009). Educational policy and country outcomes in international cognitive

competence studies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4 (6), 551-568.

Uzyol, K. S., Akbulut, B., Denizci, A. A., & Kazan, D. (2014). Land laws in African countries.

Scientific Journal of Land, 46 (1), 327-338.

If volume/issue or page numbers are not available, doi number has to be given. Example

Niyonzima, F. N., & More, S. S. (2014). Purification and characterization of detergent

compatible alkaline protease from Aspergillus terreus gr. 3 Biotech. doi: 10.1007/s13205-014-

0200-6.

5.2. Writing a complete reference of books

Author, A. A. (year). Title of book (Edition, not required for the first edition). Location:

Publisher. Pages (where the information comes from). In case there is more than one place of

publication, only the first one should be written.

Examples:

Grubb, M., & Neuhoff, K. (2006). Emissions trading and competitiveness: Allocations,

incentives and industrial competitiveness under the EU emissions trading scheme. London:

Earthscan. pp 230-300.

Jespersen, N. D., Brady, J. E., & Hyslop, A. (2012). The molecular nature of matter (6th ed.).

Hoboken: Wiley. pp 201-203.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 16

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods in psychology (2nd ed.).

Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. pp 145.

5.3. Article or chapter in an edited book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C.

Editor (Eds.), Title of book. Location: Publisher. Pages.

Example:

Treasure, D. C., Lemyre, P. N., Kuczka, K. K., & Standage, M. (2007). Motivation in elite sport:

A self-determination perspective. In Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (Eds.). Intrinsic

motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics. pp 153-

166.

5.4. Unpublished works:

a) Doctoral theses, Master's dissertations and memoire (Unpublished). Name of University,

city or country.

Swinton, M. A. (1984). Family stress in phenylketonuria (Unpublished doctoral thesis).

University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Usaneza, M. P., & John, P. (2017). Citric acid extraction from Bacillus terreus (Unpublished

memoire). INES Ruhengeri, Musanze.

b) Unpublished manuscripts

Author, A. A. (1999). Title of manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or "Manuscript submitted for

publication", or "Manuscript in preparation"].

Example:

Geisel, T. S. All sorts of sports. Unpublished manuscript.

5.5. Online resources

Example:

Hendry, L. (2011). Visual pattern perception - shapes, spatial frequency and gestalt laws

[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from

http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=457749

5.6. Reprints

Buckley, C. B. (1965). An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore. Reprint. Musanze: INES

Ruhengeri Press.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 17

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

Note: Further information on referencing can be obtained from

“http://www.usq.edu.au/library/referencing/apa-referencing-guide”

6. SUBMISSION OF DISSERTATION

The dissertation has to be submitted in hardbound format. Two copies of the same would need to

be submitted for evaluation. The researcher would additionally need to give one copy to the

supervisor and retain one for their use. It may be useful to thus make 4 copies of the dissertation.

The dissertation will have to be submitted in the format enclosed. The researcher should ensure

that the printing is of standard quality. The researcher would need to ensure that the dissertation

is free of grammatical and typographical errors.

After evaluations, two copies will be printed and submit one to the library and another in the

department. In addition, students must also submit with the final copies of the dissertation, an

electronic copy on a CD ROM. Slides, video and audio-cassette recordings may also be

submitted but they must be clear and sharp. All items to be submitted must be appropriately

labelled and must bear the name of the author, title of the dissertation report, name of the degree

and the year. The inclusion of any of the above items must be indicated in the final dissertation

report, and under the section where lists of all tables, illustrations etc. are given.

7. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

7.1. Plagiarism

Plagiarism check processes must be followed by all students submitting their

project/dissertations. As requested by the Ministry of Education, dissertation supervisors will

give advice, comments and suggestions by email trough review (comments and track changes).

One time printing will only be done after plagiarism check at the time of dissertation submission.

To check the plagiarism, the software will be used and available to the Head of Department. The

software gives the details and procedures about the plagiarism check and follow the instructions

provided. The report output will be in percentage of plagiarism. To be accepted for submission, it

must be free of plagiarism. The entire document report can be viewed in the document viewer,

which provides all the details of matches from the text which has been put for the plagiarism

check. Head of Department prints out the plagiarism report produced in the document viewer and

submit it to the Dean along with other documents for approval.

7.2. Assessment procedures

Several different approaches for dissertation assessment are possible. In summary, the

dissertation assessment process comprises of four different forms or methods of evaluation, these

are research proposal, written dissertation, performance of the student during the research

progress (the criteria for assessing the performance of the student may include categories like

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 18

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enthusiasm and self-motivation, time management, communication, record keeping and so on)

and an oral presentation. Usually, written dissertation assessment and oral presentation constitute

the main pattern of the assessment process.

The different procedures followed in dissertation assessment process are depicted in the

following figure:

As it can be seen in the figure above, there are three assessment steps:

- The first one is the assessment done by the supervisor during research activities and

report writing;

- The second is the assessment done by appointed evaluators at the submission of the

report;

Supervision

Supervisor 1 Supervisor 2

Written Dissertation Submission

Plagiarism checking Soft copy of dissertation

Assessment

Individual marking of the

oral presentation

Individual marking of the written dissertation

by the members of the Jury

Yes Presentation

Set another Jury

Final mark

Agreement of

the Jury

No

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 19

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

- The third assessment is done during the report presentation by the jury

The different criteria to be followed in assessment at different steps are presented in the

following sections.

7.3. Assessment criteria

Assessment during supervision

During supervision, the research project progress will be assessed by the supervisor(s).

Supervisor(s) must be able to ascertain that the written report of the student is worthy of

examination both in terms of its content and its technical presentation before the report is

submitted for assessment and grading. The report must be completed and submitted prior to the

oral presentation. The evaluation of the candidate during the research progress should be based

on the following criteria: enthusiasm and self-motivation, time management, record keeping,

developing new ideas, reporting and writing skills.

Written reports

The assessment criteria for a written dissertation embrace four areas of the work which are

differently weighted as follows (Appendix P):

General introduction and literature review 10% of the total marks

Methodology 10% of the total marks

Results, discussion and conclusions 20% of the total marks

Grammar and communication of ideas (flow of ideas) 5% of the total marks

Overall presentation of the document 5% of the total marks

Oral presentation

The oral presentation should be conducted using multimedia tools (e.g. PowerPoint). 15 min are

allocated for each oral presentation followed by up to 30 min of comments, questions & answers.

The oral presentation session will be open to the public.

The oral presentation is graded as follows:

Physical presentation 5%

Elocution 5%

Time management

Capacity of answering the questions

5%

25%

Innovation 10%

After oral presentation, student has to improve the document as suggested by the panel and get

signatures from assessor, president and supervisor before final submission.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 20

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8. APPENDICES

In the report, this section contains lengthy materials which are not suitable to be put inside the

main text, for example raw data, equipment and computer programs.

Note:

Minimum pages for undergraduate memoire is 30 excluding introductive and appendix pages (i.e

at least 30 pages from general introduction to references).

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

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APPENDIX A: COVER PAGE OF REPORT

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

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APPENDIX B: TITLE PAGE OF FINAL YEAR DISSERTATION REPORT

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 23

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APPENDIX C: DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

DECALARATION OF ORININALITY

I do hereby declare that the work presented in this dissertation is my own contribution to the best

of my knowledge. The same work has never been submitted to any other University or

Institution. I, therefore declare that this work is my own for the partial fulfilment of the award of

a Bachelor’s degree with honours/Master’s degree in ……………………... at INES-Ruhengeri.

The candidate name: …………………………………………………………………………….

Signature of the candidate: ………………………………………………………………………

Date of submission: ……………………………………………………………………………..

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 24

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APPENDIX D : APPROVAL

APPROVAL

This is to certify that this dissertation work entitled “……………………………………..” is an

original study conducted by (names of the student) ………………………………. under my

supervision and guidance.

The supervisor’s name: …………………………………………………………………………….

Signature of the supervisor: ………………………………………………………………………..

Submission date: ………………… ……………………………………………………………….

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 25

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APPENDIX E : ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

« Give acknowledgment to any advisory or financial assistance received in the course of your

work.”

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

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APPENDIX F : ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

“A short summary of the project ephasising the novelty of the approach adopted, the actual work

performed and the important results abtaned in preferably on paragraph and not more than 500

words”

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 27

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX G: TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 28

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX H: LIST OF FIGURES

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 29

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX I: LIST OF TABLES

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 30

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX J: LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYM

Only important symbols need to be included in this list. Do not include abbreviations which

appear once in the document. Abbreviation / Symbol / Acronym in alphabetical order.

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 31

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX K: LIST OF APPENDICES

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 32

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX L: MAIN TEXT IN THE PROJECT REPORT

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 33

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX M: DISSERTATION SUBMISSION FORM

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 34

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX N: DISSERTATION CORRECTION FORM

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 35

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX O: WITHDRAWAL OF ACADEMIC DOCUMENTS FORM

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Gestion et

Administration de project – Lic1 (G&EA)

INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : [email protected]

Scientia et Lux 36

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

APPENDIX P: DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT AND MARKING SHEET