franco michel-sendis to cite this version

210
HAL Id: tel-00158435 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158435 Submitted on 29 Jun 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Contribution à l’étude de la production d’U-233 en combustible MOX-ThPu en réacteur à eau sous pression. Scénarios de transition vers des concepts isogénérateurs Th/U-233 en spectre thermique. Développement du code MURE d’évolution du combustible. Franco Michel-Sendis To cite this version: Franco Michel-Sendis. Contribution à l’étude de la production d’U-233 en combustible MOX-ThPu en réacteur à eau sous pression. Scénarios de transition vers des concepts isogénérateurs Th/U-233 en spectre thermique. Développement du code MURE d’évolution du combustible.. Physique Nucléaire Théorique [nucl-th]. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. Français. tel-00158435

Upload: others

Post on 07-Apr-2022

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

HAL Id: tel-00158435https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158435

Submitted on 29 Jun 2007

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,émanant des établissements d’enseignement et derecherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoirespublics ou privés.

Contribution à l’étude de la production d’U-233 encombustible MOX-ThPu en réacteur à eau sous pression.Scénarios de transition vers des concepts isogénérateurs

Th/U-233 en spectre thermique. Développement ducode MURE d’évolution du combustible.

Franco Michel-Sendis

To cite this version:Franco Michel-Sendis. Contribution à l’étude de la production d’U-233 en combustible MOX-ThPuen réacteur à eau sous pression. Scénarios de transition vers des concepts isogénérateurs Th/U-233 enspectre thermique. Développement du code MURE d’évolution du combustible.. Physique NucléaireThéorique [nucl-th]. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. Français. �tel-00158435�

� � ��� ��� ����� � ��� � �������� � ������� ��� ����� �������� � � �! � �"�$#

%'&'(*)+(,+-/.103254768.92

,;:=<+->:7?@68254+AB-DCE2GF=-8HJIK2LIM2

NPORQTSVUXWPY U[Z \]Q�^!U[Z_Q`Ua\N�U bdc!WeZe^gfhUXYi\"^jShU N�U kmlnYo^p\ qV^�O YX\rlas

tJuwv

xzyw{;|~}=�_���1�r�������������T�X�5����=�J�w�������������7�L�r�3�������J ¢¡� ¢¡��!£r¤9�5�7 ¢�J¥������=�] M�§¦©¨ª¨¬«R¡9�d¥w�®­����J¯������1�°¡�±d²�³�´¶µ�·J¸��¹¡9����º£�¥��w¡5�J�L�r¡º£��d¯/�=�J¯»¤9��¡9¯/¯¼���=�@½7¾¿¤9¤9�°��¥1£º�w���7�L£��wÀa¯¼¥w�9��£=�����7¯Á ¢¡'����£=�J¯/�Â�����=�dÃ=¡9��¯» ¢¡9¯

¥w�7�J¥w¡9¤���¯»��¯¼�7Ä®�9�J�9��£º��¡9�J��¯Áµ�·=Å ¦©¨©¨ «R¡9�d¯/¤9¡9¥�����¡���·J¡9�¢­���Æ=�J¡¢½Ç �ºÃ=¡9�°�=¤9¤5¡1­�¡9���r =�d¥w�= =¡�±¹«ÉÈÉÊX M���ºÃ��=�°�������7�a =�L¥w�®­����J¯������1�°¡J½

) :=<M63214Ë<M2¹CE2aÌËÍGIK.5Î�25ÏÐ?+-/2dÌ�Ñ=Ñ¢ÒÐIM29ÓJH¢476mC©HaÎ9:=ÏÔÏÔAª0808AE:74ÕI�Ö×2ºØ+H¢Ï�254ÚÙÛ :74K08AB25<K- Ü»21-Ý4ÞHJ-3I Ü (*ßÉ%'&'à�(*ß á¬â -/.108ABIK25476äãÛ :74K08AB25<K- % HJ4KF=<Må æ>ç¹è ßêé è á¬ß HJ,+,�:7-¼6825<+-ëãÛ :74K08AB25<K- ) åMCìÓ¢HJAª4 í ézî¹à í á æï:�ð�IKAª-/21κ6825<K-DIM2 %>ñKò 032wãÛ :74K08AB25<K- & <+?�25-/6 í�ç¹è'Ü ßó( á í'AB-Ý25κ6825<+-êIK2 %DñMò 032wãÛ :74K08AB25<K- æôCªHJ<+IK2 õ éGßmö�(»÷'÷'(Û :74K08AB25<K- ø7HJÎ9ùË<K250 ÛXéGßÉ%óà�÷ çÛ :74K08AB25<K- ç�CBAEÓMAE25- ÛT(*â*ú�éG÷Û :74K08AB25<K- â HJ<+C ßó( è )+) á¬ß HJ,+,�:7-¼6825<+-ëã

ûÕü@ýþü®yw}7ÿ¶ü@ýþüË|����������� ���������������������������� ���"!#�"��$"���"��%&��� ��!#�(')�!*�,+���-. �#/ �J���ë�°¡1­;£w�J �´ ±G�¢¡9�ë�°¡9�10 ���,���2$"�3�3��$2�

���546�87:9<;>=�?@���A!B���C����,����$2$" �"�,4,4,�D� ��+ �����+E4F�������������,���(?��"+ � ��+G�A!#�+ ��H$"��������CI���#���"!#�"��$"���KJ"L.��4��"!#�"+.�M%N�+ �3���"��(OP�"�3+Q�����SR ¡9�!��·J��¡9� ?����T�2����,�(?���J2������J*!#�+EUV��3W&���M�3X Y2���Z=

%[�2���3���"����\9]���4 ÈÉ¡9�J¯¼¯ �"�\^]��+�LZ�W ���=�J��£�� =������C����,�_��$2$2�"?���JP���8`"�3���P4��2�a����?�?@��3���"����1���P$2�b��H$"�!#�"+.��"�)?�����4��2�)$2��3���2$"�3���+ �5?��"�3�3�,+ �"+G���2�5�"�)���"!K����-. �2�5$2�+ �3�3�3 $"�3�,���2�5-Gc� �,4���W �+.����?�?@��3��JZI@���T���"!#�"��$"����� ���3� %N�2���3���"����1�.��$2-G �2� ± £=�ë�w���J� �"�_db4F�� ���)/ £=��eë¡9�J�J¡ =G-.����+G�b��$2$2�"?���Jf���P?Q���3�3��$"�,?��"�b� ��+ �\!#�+U:��3W&���*�������"+Q��+ $2�ZIaOb���"+g�"+G���"+ ��c=c!#�"��$"�bhi%jI�k�����"�3�ÉÇ �7�J�1��¡ ?@���(�2����,�>��$2$2�"?���J#���8`"�3���#!#�+���,���2$"���"������)�3X Y2���5�"�f?@���A�2����,���3�@?Q���3���"!*!#�"+G�����"4,B$2�5��H$"�!#�"+.��� ��+ �A���2�P!(�4,�3�,?�4��2�A���"�������+ �CIQdl��3���2�Z���,4������3X Y2����h(J"��J�$2�m +Q��+ $2J�?Q���b4�����J"?Q���3���"!#�"+.�An�o)'p���8q<��rs�"�b?Q���b4��5dl;�n�t�=.-G �1U3�A���"!#�"��$"���ZId��8�2�3�l+Q���3����"4,4��"!#�"+.��-. �_UV��������f�"+ �3��,�������,����!#�"��$"��h*tGWH4,�����,+êÇ £!Ã7��  =H-G����(?����?@Z��J��"�f�"+ $C������J

$2�"�3���u�3X Y2���g�"� !B���vJ"?Q���4�Jg�����E4��u4��+�Lw��x����3�3 �"�yz$�X �"!*�,+z-Gc�8�+{��4,4F���,� ��J2$2���H�3�,� �"+ ���"!(��4��ZIdl�!*!#�"+.�5+ �>?Q���)���,���>!#�"��$"�1hi|�4,�,�G���"� ±¹¡9¤9�!£=� =@���+.�)4��T�����3���"+.�5$2�+ �3����+G�5�K?�4, �)-. �>4F���3L��"!#�"+.�$2�+.�3�3�,�� JM��B��J"���"4��?��"!#�"+G��-G ��3�������"+ ���5+ ��3���($�X �"��%N}�n�qAI�%[�,4,4��)!#�"��$"����hM�"�y�I� �����]?Q������J>?�4, �)���(�3���������+ �5��&���"�,+&��[LZ����?@�M9�~�dftS�.UV�>��� ���������5���,���(��$"�\�������>!#�+g��!*�,�3��J

h dbXQ���34��2�V�:|�4,�,�H���"�MR £�¥���� =ah�!#�+S$�X �"�(��������,+jdb4F�� ���i� ��¡9¤9·w£7� =ahE�a������"+.� µK£=¯/¯ £=��´ / �=� =]hi�.�+� ���°¯¼�7� =Gh)�D������"+G� ¾z�¢ ¢�7�J���M½ %[�"��$"�Q�3��Y2�<�3?@J2$"�F��4��"!#�"+.�lh�~f���3���"+�R �� 1£��J  =G?����<���+��������f����U3����������3?@�+��,��4��ZI�%N�"��$"�]hKtGWH4,�H��� ¸���¡9����¡ ?��������ML��"+.�3�,4,4��2�����>���(��� �A4��2�_UV������= �"��!#�"��$"�\�� ���3�ah�t���+ �����R �=�J�¢¡º£w� ID���T+c�8����4,���M?Q���)!K��$2��64�G$C���3�3��$2�*���>������C��g�D������Z=��"�lU3�(?@�"+ ���*�� ���3�1h�~��@���"46=@dP���34�Z��=�� $ZIQ%N�"��$"�c9]�"�3�3�,+ �Z=Q;���$2�= '5��+����"46= q14�����I '5��+ �f4F�M����4�J2�*��!#�"��$"�\h#dlJ"4,�,+ �Z=Qh*��H$2�"4,WG+ �5�"��hM;���$2�4��ZIOl���"+ �3���C=�!#�"��$"�]h*~�4���y������ ���w����� =�-.��c���"�G��+.���3��Y2�f�����A�+ $2�!*?Q��LZ+ �+[+ G$"�3��3+ �>���5$�X ���yB?@���

�����,��� �6��$2�[����3��3��JC��4,���3!#�[?��"�3?��,LZ+Q��+Q�����u�b���+��3��WG4��[4,�,�3��J"�����,���[�����?�����!#���������$2�[��� �,+ �3?��,�����3���+$"��JC���3�3��$2�M� ��+ ��$2�>��G$"�!#�"+G�CI�%N�"��$"�]�� ���3�]hKq1�3��$MR �7�J�J¡�� ?@�����2����,��?Q���3����L�JT���2��4��+�L���!#�!#�"+.������)��J2�����3���������m +i�����3X Y2���M�G����+ �l4,���4��2�P$2��4���,���l��Z����?Q��4�����i�Q���3�,!#�"+.�5�C�Z�M����������"+.�fJ"��J������"+i?�4, ����!(�����2��4�������,�CI~�'5��+���Y"4���� £®­����J¡9�10 U3�f��� ���������l���,���f!#�"��$"�Q���"4,4��"!#�"+G�C=.?@���<�������2�l$2�2�b��+�+ J2�2�_���AL��"+.�3�,4,4��2�����ZI,I,Iq1+�m +c=�U3�i����XQ���,���i�3�,!*?�4��"!#�"+.�#4F���������"�M��$"�l-G �"4�-. �2�M�3����$2�2�*J2$"�3�,���2�*��� �+ �EJ"�H�����"+ $2�i-. �>U3��������

�����$2J)����$2�+ �3�������"�]UV���f��?���Y2�]U3���C=G���"?�����f-G �<U3���3����b���)$2��!#�+ ���M�CU3��+c�����HU���!K�����PJ"��J����"�46I�%N`"!#����)4���,+c=��3��3�����A����4���,+c=�4��"��f?���J2���"+ $2���T����U3�����fJ"��J)4Fh�=��,!*?�4,��$"�,���5�"�A����+ �l�����,4,4��M� h>!#�2�P?Q�����"+.����=Qh!#�+K����Y"����dbX��3�����3�F��+c=.!#�"��$"�6IG9a���bm +��,�)����?����l�"+�m +�$2�!*!#�"+ $2�"������=�U"�����,!#��46� ����J2��-Gc� ��$"������,�b+ ���J2��+ �A?@�"+ ��J2�A?@���<!#�2�bLZ����+ ���V�6?Q�����"+.���l?Q�����"�3+ �"4��C=.?Q����$2��-G �f46����L��"+ � �>���f4F�5�H�����)����4,i-Gc� �,4��<���2�3���"+G�?�����!#��c�+ �)�,+ �3?��,�����3���+[�� �3?��"+ �� �Z= X ����A��E���"!*? �CI<�P�3 �¡"¢� �£(¤6¥Z¤6 �¦�§¨£"I

|������CW�= ��J2$2�"!(�����T�Z�Z�Z©�I

ª «­¬¯®\° ±²°´³ µ «·¶S¸\¹{ºS°»³

¼ ½<¾&¿�ÀaÁ.Â�Ã.Ä Å�Æ�¾[Ça¾BÈ]ÉCÉ�ÅËÊ�¿ÌÇ\ÀDÆ�Ä�Í\Â˾QÎ]Á.Ê�¿�ÏC¾�Ð�ÏC¾NÃG¿a¾.Æ�ÑQÃ.Ï�Å�ÒcÀD¾&ÓgÊ�¿DÇ\Å�Ä Â<¾�Ï�ÔÕÆ�Ä ¿DÖ�Ä Å�É ×�ZI,� }�+ �5������4��>$2�+.�3�����,+.���T�� $2Ø)������54F�T?������4�J"!K���3��-G �(����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���5!#�+ ���F��4�� I�I5I�I Ù

�ZI,�ZI,� }�+ ����J"!#�LZ����?�X����(!#�+ ���F��4��($"�����������+G��� I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I Ù�ZI,�ZI�� }�+ ��$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+N���8J"+ �"�3LZ���5?Q���AXQ�����,����+G��hT4F�MXQ�� ����� I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I Ú�ZI,�ZI�Û �_�8J2-.��,4,�,�����)����46�8J2$2Z�3WH����Y"!#�A���"�3���2�3�3����!#�"+Q��$2J�?Q���b4��2�b���:UV�"���l����L.��Ü�h>��Ý@�"�l���

���"�3���(��+.�3X����?���-G �2�ÞI5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I ©�ZI,�ZI Ù �D�5?������4�Y"!#�(���2�f���2��������$2�2� I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I ß

�ZI�� �c�5+. $"4�JC���,���T��$"�3 �"4c+c�8�2�3�A?Q���A�+ ��������$2�5���8J"+ �"�3LZ���(���������4�� I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I à�ZI���I,� �_� ��3�,4,�������3���+[��B!*�,+ �"�����D�����+��,�!­�"+&£6á §3¡2¤���§*â.§(ã�§�ä�¤��V¥Zã�£(¤�å�§���æM¢�ç"ä §¨£èI�I5I�I �C��ZI���I�� �D�2�M���2��������$2�2�*�"+j�����+��,�!é��3�,4,��������4��2�*��J"?��"+ ���"+G�K��j?��3��yj���8��y��3����$"�3���+Ì���

46� �����+��,�!­+Q���3����"45I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �Z��ZI�Û �c�5+. $"4�JC���,���>�"+ r�����+ $2�­I5I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �C�

�ZI�Û�I,� }�+ ���3�,�3Q���3���+ �+���-. �(��E!#�+ ���zI5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �C��ZI�Û�I�� �D��$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4�� �J��À ��JêI�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �C��ZI�Û�I�Û �D�5�3�����,���"!#�"+.�)���2�A��J2$�X �"���ëI�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �CÛ�ZI�Û�I Ù �a�ML��2�3�3���+ ��E?�4,����+��,�!ì�"+ r�����+ $2��I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �CÛ

�ZI�Û�I Ù I,� �<� ��3�,4,�������3���+[���5$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��2� ­���À hT�Q���������)?�4,����+��,�! I5I�I5I�I �"Ù�ZI Ù 91�3�,+ $"�,?��2�����)���+ $"�3���+�+ �"!#�"+.����� �+ ��JC��$"���"���+. $"4�JC���,��� I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �"Ù�ZI�Ú �c�2�A���"�yB$"WH$"4��2���� $2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��ìI�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �C©�ZI�© �D�M��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+[����4F�T!K���3��Y"���5mQ���3�,4��5�"+E��JC��$"���"��íI5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I ��î

�ZI�©�I,� �a�M��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+[��J"?@�"+ �i����3���"!#�"+.����[�3?��2$"�3���5�"+[J"+ �"�3LZ�������2�f+ �"��3���+ �EI5I�I �Cß�ZI�©�I�� 7:���L�J"+ J"�����3���+N�"�A$2�+ $2�"+.�3�����3���+N�,+��,�3�F��4����3X J2��3��-G ������mQ���3�,4��)+ J2$2�2���¨���,���#I�I5I�I �Z�

�ZIïî ð)J"+ J"����4,�,��J2���� $"W�$"4��)�3X ��3�,�!ñ� �C����+G����L��2���"�f�,+ $2�+G��J"+����"+.��� I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I ����ZIïîHI,� Ol�����\X����3����3��-G �����2�f��JC��4,�������3���+ ����yH?@J"�3�,!#�"+.����4��2����3�,4,������+.��4��)�3X ��3�,�! I�I5I�I ����ZIïîHI�� �D�5?����UV�"����J"L�J"+ J"�������"������>tGX��,?�?��,+�LZ?@��3��I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I �Z��ZIïîHI�Û ~a�Z��+.����L��2�����2��$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��2�)��B�3X ��3�,�! I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I ��î

�ZIïîHI Ù 7Õ+ $2�+G��J"+����"+.���)���2�A$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2����E�3X ��3�,�! I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I �Zß�ZI�ß dl�+ $"4, �3���+BI5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I �Zà

ò ½_¾gó(Ê�Ç]¾BÇbô�Ã.õ�Ê�Â�ÀDÏ�Å�Ê�¿wö�÷Pøbù ×c¼��I,� ~�B$2Ø)������ ­��J��¡ � %udl;�9 I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÛZ�

��I,�ZI,� �c�5?��3�,+ $"�,?@�����2�A$C��4�$"�4��������3����+ �3?���3�f?Q����4��2�f!#J"�3X G���2������%N�+.���>dP���34� I5I ÛZ���I,�ZI�� �c�)ú �yE���5+ �"��3���+ �A�,+G��J"LZ��J(� ��+ �f�+ ��$2�"4,4,�4��ûI5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Û�î��I,�ZI�Û �c�2�����2$"�3���+ ����üK$C��$2�2�A!#CW��"+�+ �2�����2�f+ �W.���y � ��+ �f�+ ��$2�"4,4,�4��ýI�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÛZß

��I�� �D�*�3�3�3 $"�3����(�� $2G���5%N}�n�qèI�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÛZà��I���I,� �D�*��J�m +��,�3���+[���)4F�*L�J2�!#J"�3�3���>hM�3�,!>�4��"��I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÛZà��I���I�� �D�*��J�m +��,�3���+[���2�A!K����J"�3�F���yþI5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù.���I���I�Û �D�*$2�+ �3�3�3 $"�3���+N��� �+ �5�Q�����5�������+�+ J2�2��hM����Ý@J"���"+G���2�����"!*?@J"�����3����2�ÌI5I�I�I5I Ù �

��I���I�Û�I,� �c��$2H���5q<;�'�r1��~�dlq�I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù ���I�Û �c�5�3�����,���"!#�"+G�����546�8J"���4,��3���+N� ��+ � ­��J��¡ I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù.�

��I�Û�I,� �c�2��J2-GQ���3���+ �����5Of�����"!K��+ �"�A4F�T!K���3�3��$2�>���8J"���4,��3���+sI�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù.���I�Û�I�� �<�����3�����(���2�f+ �W.���yÿI5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù.Û

��I�Û�I���I,� tG�,!*?�4,��mQ$C���3���+[���546�����3�����(���2�f+ CW.���y I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÙZÙ��I�Û�I�Û �<� �,+.��J"LZ�����3���+&�� �3W��3��Y"!#�5$2��?�4�J#� ���,!(�4F���3���+ ���546�8J"���4,��3���+ÌI(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÙGî

��I�Û�I�Û�I,� �D�*�3�,!>�4F���3���+[��� �+ ��J"���4,��3���+NhM?����������+ $2��$2�+ ������+.���ëI5I�I5I�I�I5I ÙGî��I�Û�I�Û�I�� �<�8J"���4,��3���+i��yH�3����?@�4�J2�A���2�_���2$"�3���+ �_��üK$C��$2�2�<!#�W��"+�+ �2�b�"+G�3�������"�y

?Q���A���5���"!*? �xI�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ù.à��I�Û�I Ù �c�5?���H$2�2���3 �f�,��J"�����3���<���8J"���4,��3���+èI5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÚZ�

��I Ù �<�8J"���4,��3���+[��� �+[�3WH����Y"!#�5$"�3�,�3��-. ���"��4��)!K���,+.�3���"+[��B����$"���"������)!>�4,�3�,?�4,��$C���3���+{I�I5I Ú����I�Ú �_��4��"�����?Q������J��6�����?��3�����2��?@���

εi=�46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���M��J"?�Z��J2�(?Q����mQ���3���+[?�����4��2������Ý�J"���"+.���

+ CW.��[4�������� I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÚZ©��I�© % �����ð)��_��46� �,+.���"�V�6��$2�(���)�H���3Q��4,�������3���+ ���2����J2�3�4,������� I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I Ú�î

× �5Ä Â�Å�ÇaÄ�Ï�Å�Ê�¿�¾.Ï#Ê��aÏ�Å�ÓSÅ�ÉCÄ�Ï�Å�Ê�¿ÌÇ\ÀÌÁ.Ä ÂËÁGÀaÂlÇbô�Ã.õ�Ê�Â�ÀDÏ�Å�Ê�¿wö�÷Pøbù ���Û�I,� 7Õ+G�3��G�� $"�3���+vI�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ÚZàÛ�I�� �D�ML�J2�!#J"�3�3���>$2�"4,4,�4�� I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ©Z�

Û�I���I,� Ol�"+ $�X�!K����� �2���2$54��($2G���5~�?��4,4�­I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ©��Û�I���I,�ZI,� n�J2�3�4,����������B$C��4�$"�4a}5|� I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ©��Û�I���I,�ZI�� n�J2�3�4,����������B$C��4�$"�4a^PX 91 I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I ©�î

Û�I�Û q<�3�3�,!K���3���+N���)46�8�"�3���"����3�����3���3�3��-G �)�,+ ����,���(����f4��2�f�,+.���"+G�����,���2� I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I î�ÚÛ�I Ù �D�M!#H��J"4,�������3���+ ���546� X J"��J"���L�J"+ J"�,��J>�� $"���2W��+N$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��>�2�3�V�Õ�"4,4��5+ J2$2�2���¨���,���D� I5I ßZ�Û�I�Ú �D�ML�J2�!#J"�3�3���>~������"!(��4F��L�� I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I àZÚ

�,�

Û�I�Ú�I,� q_$C���3������ ���"�3��J2���3��A����Ý@J"���"+G���2�A�Q�����2�����5���+�+ J2�2��$�X ����3���2� I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I àZà ��Ï�ÀDÇ]¾ Ç\ÀÌÁ�Ê�ÓNÍ]ÀaÉ2Ï�Å�Í]Â�¾ �´ÅËÐ�ÏC¾��MÐ��cÇ]¾����aÊQÆ�Å�ÀaÓ��(Â�ÀDÏCÊ�¿]Å�ÀaÓ ¼���¼Ù I,� 7Õ+G�3��G�� $"�3���+vI�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C���

Ù I,�ZI,� �a�M?������4�J"!K���3��-. �>��B?�4,����+��,�!­�"+E��JC��$"���"��)hM�C��B4�J"L�Y"���pI5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C���Ù I�� �c�5!#H��Y"4���~������"!(��4F��L��ÿI5I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C�ZÛÙ I�Û dl�!*?Q�����������+[���2�P����,���2�f+ �"��3���+���-G �2���"+B$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��(^PX 9<[�"�A$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��(}5|�ûI��C��Ù

Ù I�Û�I,� q_�3�3�,!K���3���+[���2����� ����3?��3���+ �A+ �"��3���+���-G �2��� ��+ �f4F�#$"���� I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C�Z©Ù I�Û�I�� r ��,���2�A+ �"��3���+���-G �2�����P?��"�3���(���)��JC��$"�3�,�G�,��J I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C��îÙ I�Û�I�Û �c�,!*�,���2���� $C��4�$"�4a�������"!(��4F��L�� I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C��î

Ù I Ù �c�2�A����Ý�J"���"+.�����ÕWH?��2�A���)?�4,����+��,�!ì$2�+ �3����J"��J2�CI²I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C�ZßÙ I Ù I,� ')J"���"�3!*�,+Q���3���+&��� �+ �5�Z��4��"��A���

Cb0

I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��Z�CÛÙ I�Ú �c�2��dlH��üK$"���"+.��������n�JC��$"�3�,�H�,��J I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��Z��î

� ��õ�Ê�Â�ÀDÏ�Å�Ê�¿ÌÇ\ÀÌÁ.Ê�ÓNÍ]ÀaÉ2Ï�Å�Í\Â˾��»ÅËÐ�ÏC¾��TÐ��cÇ]¾����aÊQÆ�Å�ÀaÓ��>Â�ÀDÏCÊ�¿]Å�ÀaÓ ¼�ò��Ú�I,� ð)�2�3�3���+ ��� �+B$2Ø)���n�q<9Ì?Q���A������$"�3���+�+ �"!#�"+G�*§�ã��3 Z¤6¡"å·I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C�Zà

Ú�I,�ZI,� q_�3�3�,!K���3���+E��������y�����$2�!(�� �3�3���+E?Q���l4F�����,!(�4F���3���+B���A46�8J"���4,��3���+B�¨��+ �_�@������CÛZ�Ú�I,�ZI�� q_�3�3�,!K���3���+p��������y����[$2�!>�� �3�3���+x?Q���i4F�s���,!(�4F���3���+p��� �+ �&J"���4,��3���+ph

��JC��$"�3�,�H�,��J($2�+ ������+.���MI5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÛZÛÚ�I,�ZI���I,� ���,!*�,���2������$2�"�3����!#J"�3X G���(��?�?�4,��-G J2�(�� $C��4�$"�4]�������"!(��4F��L�� I�I5I�I��CÛ�ÙÚ�I,�ZI���I�� 7Õ+G��J"��`"�����54F�T!#J"�3X H���éI5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÛZÚ

Ú�I,�ZI�Û Ol�,4F��+ �����)!K���3��Y"���>hT4F�M��J2$�XQ���3L�� I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÛZ©Ú�I,�ZI Ù 9<��G�� $"�3���+N����� �!��} I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÛZ©Ú�I,�ZI�Ú 7�+ $"�,+ J"�����3���+[�� ?�4,����+��,�! I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÛZà

" #�Á�ÃG¿aÄ�Æ�Å�Ê�ÉBÇa¾SÏCÆ�Ä ¿DÉ�ÅËÏ�Å�Ê�¿zõ�¾GÆ�É Ça¾GÉBÉ$�cÉ2Ï&%HÓg¾.ÉNÅ�ÉCÊQÑ�ÃG¿aÃ.Æ�Ä�ÏC¾GÀaÆ�É'���/233 ( ¾G¿{É&�<¾.Á�ÏCÆ�¾

Ç]¾[¿a¾GÀDÏCÆ�Ê�¿DÉMÏ)�a¾.Æ�ÓsÅ�ÒcÀa¾.É ¼*+�©�I,� 7Õ+G�3��G�� $"�3���+vI�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��"Ù.à

©�I,�ZI,� �D�*$2�+ $2�"?������Tn�JC��$"���"��(hEtH�"4��5r �+ �� �#���+g$C��+ ����� ���5?�Z���3�,��4��M���>��JC��$"���"�������L�J"+ J"�������"����"+ $2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��(^PX

/233 } I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚZ�©�I,�ZI�� Ol�,4F��+ �����)!K���3��Y"������3�,4,����J2� I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚZ�©�I,�ZI�Û k�WH?���3X Y2���2�����)�Q���������2�A��$2J"+Q���3��Z����$"�c$2�+ �3����J"��J2� I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚ��

©�I�� %[J"�3X H���4��LZ��� I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚZÛ©�I�Û �c�2�A��$2J"+Q���3��Z�����5�3����+ �3�,�3���+[hT?�������¨��+ $2��$2�+ �3����+.��� I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚ�î©�I Ù tH$2J"+Q���3��K~ �Q7Õ+G�3��G�� $"�3���+N��B$2�+ $2�"?�� ��¯), �"+[�Z�ZÛZÚ�I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��CÚZß©�I�Ú tH$2J"+Q���3��KO´��7Õ+G�3��G�� $"�3���+N��B$2�+ $2�"?�� ��¯-, �"+ �Z�ZßZ� I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I5I�I(I5I�I5I�I5I�I��C©ZÚ

�,�,�

©�I�© tH$2J"+Q���3���d»��7�+.�3��H�� $"�3���+[���2� ��¯-, �"+[�Z�ZÚZ�*�"�A������4��"!#�"+G�����)?�������¨��+ $2���"+[���C�Z� I��C©�î©�Iïî dl�+ $"4, �3���+[����A$2�2�A��$2J"+Q���3��Z�èI�I�I5I(I5I�I5I�I�I5I�I5I(I5I�I�I5I�I5I�I5I(I�I5I�I5I�I�I5I��C©�î

.0/21432/257678:9<;>=?/A@ B+C7D

�,�

E0F ¶sºHG ±JIJK�¶s¸LG F

%N`"!#�>���a46� �,+ �� �3�3�3���T+G $"4�JC���,���#�#�3��Y2���H�,���>$�X ����3�\4F�#m 4,��Y"���T�����+��,�!B=�46� �,+.���"��`"�5?@��3��JT�3���4��M$"W�$"4����[�3X ��3�,�! �*����U3�����)��yH������JZIQ�<����+ $2`"�3���M���2����JC��$"���"����)hK�C��N��� �A?����2���3���+è��n�q_9b�A�������U3������� X.��6=4��u��JC��$"���"�� ���StGX��,?�?��,+�LZ?@��3�C=f����� ��� ��?���JZ=��C����+G�[���8`"�3���g���"!K��+G���"4�Js� ��+ �B4��2�[��+�+ J2�2�s�CàZßZ��=f?@�����J"!#�+.�3���"��4��2�f?@����"+.�3�F��4,�,��J2����� �+ $2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��>���)�ÕWH?��(^PX+MN� �!��}>I�c�f��J"���"4��?�?@�"!#�"+.�P��#+G $"4�JC���,����$"�,�H�,4����"4Q-.c� �,4 �2���1!K��UV��3�,�����,���"!#�"+G�_�6���,�_���UV������� XG��6=G$Z�8�2���V��h��Õ���,���

�Q����JT�3���46� ��3�,4,�������3���+&��&$"WH$"4��(�����+��,�!OM�?�4,����+��,�!û�"+ ��JC��$"���"��5h#+ �"��3���+ ���3X �"�3!*��-G �2�C=�?�Z���"���#4��?������4�Y"!#������46����?�?���C�H���3���+�+ �"!#�"+.���"+ � �AP } �C� �,4��2�3�b�����,�P!K�����3�,���"!#�"+G��h>46�8J2$�X �"4,4��)!#�+ ���F��4��ZI�q1+B��Ý��"�C=4��2�����2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�M��$"�3 �"4,4��2�T���2����JC��$"���"����Mhi�C��s4�J"L�Y"���K+c�8�"!*?�4�����"+.�M-.c�8�"+G�G�,���+v��I�Ú�Që��g?@����"+.�3���"4J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �P���b46�8J"4�J"!#�"+.�1�����+��,�! ��?@���a�����,���<mQ���3���+�+ �"�P�_���+�+ �l��� �����+��,�!B=��+T����,�]�3�����,���"�1�"+.�H�,���+�Z�Z�[���+�+ �2�T��� �����+��,�! +Q���3����"46=]46�8�2�����"+G�3���"4l����$2�"�3���i-.Q��+G�3�,��J��2���M��4�����M����46� �����+��,�!Þ �á�á� �ä�RC��¢(�"+� �AP3}T=�-.��D���U3������� X.��a+c�8�2�3�A?Q���f��3�,4,����JZI')�"�y �6��$"���"����C=chi�"�y&���"�4����3�üK����+G���5?@���PU: �3�3��mQ�"�)�+ �M���"4F��+ $2�#��u+G $"4�JC���,���Z=c4F���������"+.�5?@�"+ ���"�

���UV������� XG��]-Gc� �+B��J"���"4��?�?@�"!#�"+.�)�3�,LZ+���mQ$C���3���<���546�8J"+ �"�3LZ���(����mQ�������+B?��"��A��Ý��2$"�3�,���"!#�"+.�5�2����,��4,���"� ��+ �*�+Ì$2�+.����y����i!#�+ ���F��46Ibdl�2�*���"�yj����$"���"����K���+.�C=1��� �+ �i?Q���3�C=\4F�N?@J"+.��3���E���i���2��������$2�2�*J"+ �"�V�L�J"�3��-. �2�*-G��P���#?����m 4��E�2���2$i4F�Bm +è��+�+ �+ $2J2�E���2�>$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��2�M��Z���3�,4��2�C=a��������3����?Q���3�C=]4F� ?��3�����i���$2�+ ��$"���"+ $2�i?Q���M4F�N��G$"���"��Ji����4F�[+ J2$2�2���3�,��Ji������J2����,���B��v!K��yH�,!>�!é+ Z�T�"!*�����3���+ �*����L.��ÜEhN��Ý��"��������"�3���#�6ð)qlt���IQdl�"�3����$2�+�UV�+ $"�3��������"+������$2�(���U3������� X.��D���C���������4��"!#�"+.��4F�T?��"��$2�"?��3���+ ����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���+. $"4�JC���,����$2�!*!#�����"�4��f������$2�f!K�����3�,���A���8J"+ �"�3LZ��������+ �1���:U3�"���<����ð)qltM�3 ��$2�"?��3�,��4������P��J"?��+ ������h��+ �XQ�� �����>����4F�����"!K��+ ���(!#�+ ���F��4��T�"+[J"+ �"�3LZ���ZI�dl�2$"�]�2���A�+&��������!K��UV�"��)����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���>+. $"4�JC���,���Z=@-G���2�3�A!*���A�"+E�Z��4��"��A?@����$2�+.�3���"�Q��4F��+ $2�"��4��2�f�,+ $2�+G��J"+����"+.����4,��J2�����yE��J2$�X �"����+. $"4�JC���,���2�CI�<� �,+ �� ���3�3���#+. $"4�JC���,��������,�($2�"?@�"+ � ��+.�T?���J"?Q�����"�(4F���3����+ �3�,�3���+S���"���(���2�5���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�T����3L�J"+ J"�����

�3�3��$2�2�C=�-.����?��3�,!*�����"+.�P46� ��3�,4,�������3���+E����4F��!K���3��Y"����mQ�����,4����"+����"+ � ��+.�f4��2�b���2��������$2�2�P�"+�!*�,+ �"���������"�3�3�,4��?������3��-. �"!#�"+G�M�,+ J"?����������4��2�ThB46�8J2$�X �"4,4���X.�!K���,+ �ZI]914, �3���"����T$2�+ $2�"?����>����3L�J"+ J"�������"����C=a���,���>���K-GQ����3�3��Y"!#�(L�J"+ J"�����3���+c=@��y����3���"+.�CI��<�8J"�3 ���T������JC��$"���"������,+�+ C�Z��+.���)�2�3�����"?������?�4, �3���"����)��+�+ J2�2���+[�3�U3�"�hM+ �����C�� ������$"�3Q��4,�,��J>� ��+ �A4��5���!K���,+ �>��$C����J"!*��-G ��$2�!*!#�(�,+ �� �3�3�3���"46I'5��+ ��4��($C�������T����4F�K���2$�X �"��$�X �M���>+ �����C���y[$"W�$"4��2����N$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��M�"�)������JC��$"���"������,+�+ C�Z��+.���C=

46�8J"�3 ���#���2�5$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2�>h��Q�����M���T�3X ��3�,�!����UV�����5�"g����?�4F��$2�*�"�)+ �!(�����K���8J"�3 ���2���"�)��JC��4,����

�����3���+ ��?��,4�����T�+[��J"!#�+.�3��JM4��2��?@����"+.�3�F��4,�,��J2�5�� �3X ��3�,�! $2�!*!#�T$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��T+G $"4�JC���,���ZI��_�8�"!*?�4�����j�3X ��3�,�! �2�3�T�,+.��J"���2������+G�#$C���M4��K+ �W.��vmQ���3�,4���?���G����,�M?Q���*$C��?��3������������F���3�,���E�3��S� �A��^PXc=D46��� �!��}T=?���J2���"+G�������8��y�$2�"4,4��"+.���2��-.Q��4,�,��J2�f+ �"��3���+���-G �2�CI�'��)���"4,4��2��-.Q��4,�,��J2�����"+ ���"+.��?@Z���3�,��4��)4F�M����3L�J"+ J"�����3���+���i!K���3��Y"���imQ���3�,4��E�"+Ì��JC��$"���"���h&�3?@�2$"�3���E�3X �"�3!*��-G �E?@���*4��B$"WH$"4��E��w�3X ��3�,�!B=<$2�B-G��f+c�8�2�3�*?Q���4��T$C���5��u$"WH$"4��T�����+��,�!OM�?�4,����+��,�! �C���2$*$2�(��WG?@�M���M�3?��2$"�3���ZI@�<� �,+ $2�+G��J"+����"+.�T�2�3�5-.c� �,4]�6������6�����3���-G �"�l���?���JC��4F����4���46� �,+G���"+.�����,�����,+��,�3�F��4@�"+T� �!�3}ë+ J2$2�2�����,���)�����J"!K���3����L��)��� �+���JC��$"���"��l����3L�J"+ J"�������"�����+ $"�3���+�+Q��+.�*hi46� � �!� }>I]tG�_$2�"�3���K?���G�� $"�3���+x§�ãÌ �æ#¥�ãQ¤)�2�3�>���������J2�#?@�"+ � ��+.�(4F�B�3����+ �3�,�3���+s���"���>���2��3W��3��Y"!#�2��^PX+MN� �!��}T=Q4��M$"W�$"4��(�3X ��3�,�! ?@�"���?@�"�3!#�"�3�3���M�+ �>�,+ ��J"?��"+ � ��+ $2�M?�4, �)LZ����+ ���Z=�����,���T�������4��hT4��+�L#���"�3!#�Z=Q���2�A���"!K��+ ���2���"+B�����+��,�!­+Q���3����"4D� �"+E!K���3��Y"����mQ���3�,4��ZI

dl�"�3���A�3X Y2���P?���J2���"+.����4��P�3���2�Z���,4���Ý��2$"�3 JA� ��+ �14��f��J"���"4��?�?@�"!#�"+.�P��� �+K$2H���f���A�3�,!(�4F���3���+i��� ��?���Jh[46�8J"�3 ���E+ �"��3���+���-G �B���2�*��JC��$"���"����K+. $"4�JC���,���2�K�"+èL�J"+ J"����4��"�KhN46�8J"���4,��3���+����i4��"��#$2�!(�� ���3�,��4���3��,�Z��+.�b46� �,�3�������F���3���+i?Q���_+ �"��3���+ �CI�dl��$2H���Z=G-G �A+ � �P�2���+ �b�Q��?��3����J ­��J��¡ ��46����$"���+GWG!#�5��+�LZ4F�����P���UWV7XZY\[a¤�¢�¦ ¢�¤ ]^2¥��`_A§3 �¡2¤6¥Z�Za>R�¥�¦ äH¤�¢�¥�ãc��=��2�3�l�+i�"+ ���"!(��4������8���3�,4��f$"��J2J2�f�"+i4F��+�L.��L��(dcbdb{�3��,�Z��+.�f4F�?����LZ����!*!K���3���+ ��3���"+G��J2�5���UV�"�CI�7�4���3�,4,������4����3��Y2�l��J"?Q��+ ��B�"�P����4,����J)$2H���)�����3����+ ��?���3�f%N�+.����dP���34�%udl;�9`e,�gf]?@����$C��4�$"�4��"�)4��2��-.Q��+G�3�,��J2��?�XGWH����-. �2�*�Ë�6��$"���"������>!(�4,�3�,?�4,��$C���3���+c=�ú �y �,+G��J"LZ��JZ=@���2$"�3���+ ���üK$C��$2�2�b!#CW��"+�+ �2�P���A$�XQ��-. ��+ CW.��c=G�����y#���A��JC��$"�3���+ �CI,I,Iï�_-.��Q�,+.���"�3�H���"+�+ �"+.�f� ��+ �_4��2�bJ2-.Q���3���+ �l���Of�����"!K��+E-.��@��J2$"�3�,���"+.�f46�8J"���4,��3���+E��������?���-. ����E$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��)+G $"4�JC���,���ZI ­��¢��¡ ��J2��� ��$2���3W��3��Y"!#����8J2-GQ���3���+ �A?Q���f�,+G��J"LZ�����3���+[+G�!#J"�3��-. �>�"�fL�Y"�������)�6�Nh2�+B$2�+.�H�,�G�F��4��(46�8��yH?�4���,�����3���+N���2�f��J2�3�4,�������CI'5��+ ��$2�(�3���C�����,4]+ � ��?���J2���"+.���+ ���+ �>?����"!*��Y"���*��?�?�4,��$C���3���+&��&$2H��� ­��J��¡ h*46�8J"�3 ���M���2��$2�!M�

�� �3�3�,��4��2�*�����ÕWH?@��!*��y����i2y�WH�����3X ��3�,�!M�6?�4,����+��,�!ý�"+j��JC��$"���"��Kh[�C��v?���J2���3��3����J2�i�����ÕWH?@� ��¡5¤ I;�� ���2���+ ��$2�+ �3����J"��JZ=Q� ��+ ��4��2�A$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2��^PX 9<�|

2J"�3 ����J2�C= ���,���"�����2�����"+ �"������"+E?�4,����+��,�!ë�"�

���,���"���>���2$"���"����T��������?���-. �2�M��S?�4,����+��,�! ?@���M����Ý@J"���"+G�3���"�T4��K?�4,����+��,�! �����3S��� �+v$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��}5|

2$2�+.���"+G�3���+�+ �"4] ��J���� �+B?�4,����+��,�!ì�����3B��� �+ $2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��>%u|�´�,�3��������JZI�}�+ �5���"4,4��>��?�?���G$�X �

?@�"�3!#�"�A�����2����,�����2�f���,4F��+ �f!K���3��Y"����$C��4�$"�4�J2���3��f�+E��JC��$"���"�� ��¡9¤ ��E�ÕWH?�����$"�3 �"4c+ �+��6!#H����mQJZIQ}�+ �J"�3 ���M���T��$2J"+Q���3��Z��������+�hC�����5���T�3����+ �3�,�3���+&���"���)�+&$2�+ $2�"?��5������6L�J"+ �"�������"������T�ÕWH?��>��JC��$"���"��(h����"4�����+ �� �A�2�3�A�"+ �3��,����?���J2���"+.��J2�ZI

� ikjmlon�p�qSr s

t ° F IJKp®Lu´«­¸\ºS° ±²° v ³u³u¸LG F ±JI²ºj« ¬¯®\°xwyKzG F ¶s°|{é¶s°u F °»º�}~up¶s¸���I²° µ G F ±Þ¸1«­® °x¶ �AºS« FJ� «ì¸1³

dl�N�3���2�Z���,4����&�3X Y2���&�C� �,+ ��$"�3�,�B� ��+ �i4��&$C�������u���2�i���2$�X �"��$�X �2�[!#�"+ J2�2�B�� ¥��¢��¯ �3��i4��2�E$"W�$"4��2�+. $"4�JC���,���2�_�,+�+ C�Z��+.���1?@���\4F��?���H�� $"�3���+M����3����f���8J"+ �"�3LZ���f���_mQ���3���+Bâ�äG�3 ���¦�§"I��D� ¥w�J��¯ �2�3�<h�46�8��3�,LZ�,+ ���vLZ����?��"!#�"+G�#���K���2$�X �"��$�X �2� Ä®¡9 =¡9¤9¡9�7��� N�v�,+.���"����LZ�������"+.�*4��2�T?��3�,+ $"�,?Q���yv��$"���"����*��$"���"+G�3��mQ-. �2���è+. $"4�JC���,���B�"+Ìr ����+ $2�g� ¥�¡�£b0�¡5 �, �"�*r�����!K�����!#����=_���+G�*46� �+ �E���2�M!*�����3���+ �*�2�3�*���8��y ��!*�,+ �"�K���+ �����C���yp$"WH$"4��2�E��p$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��g�"�B���8J"�3 �����"�B4��2������3����E��JC��$"���"����B���������4��2�B���,���Sâ.§gç"ä� Z¤���¢!�"æ#§��� ã � �V Z¤�¢�¥�ãQI'5��+ �i$2�&$2�+.����y����Z=P+ � �B�2���+ �E�"+.�3���"?��3���B4��N��J"���"4��?�?@�"!#�"+.�[��� �+�$2H���&���8J"���4,��3���+p��x$2�!M�

�� �3�3�,��4��Z= ��� ��?���J5h>4F�(�3�,!>�4F���3���+B���2�P��JC��$"���"����P+. $"4�JC���,���2�f?Q���P4��2�l!#J"�3X H���2�f����%N�+.����dP���34��I�;�� �+ � �<���!*!#�2�<�"+ ����,���P�,+.��J"���2����J2�bh�46�8J"�3 ���f��#$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4������b��WG?@�f2y�W����P!*��yH���P�3X ��3�,�!M�6?�4,����+��,�!^PX 91�|

2��%u|���Õ^PX 91��P�"+Bn�JC��$"���"���h>qb�� 91���2���3��3����J2�#� ��¡9¤ ��=�� ��+ �f4F�T?@�"���3?@�2$"�3�,�������5��J"���"�3!*�,+ �"�

4��2�1$C��?Q��$"�,��J2�1���2�\��JC��$"���"����<h��C��T4�J"L�Y"���P�������U3������� X.���h�?���H����,���P���b46� �����+��,�! �ZÛZÛ*§�ãi �æ#¥�ãQ¤a��� �+ �m 4,��Y"������3�,4,������+G�A�+ $2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��(^PX

/� �!� }]I

;�� �1�,+.�3��H����,���+ �Ph)4F��m +K���A$2�f$�XQ��?��,�3���Z=.4���$2�+ $2�"?��b����¡�]�¡"¦�§5â�ä�¡�¥�æ���ä.£"¤�¢!�"¦,§5���,+ ���Q-. �f$2�"4,������4F�M� �!��� ã � �V Z¤�¢�¥�ã ���A4F�)!K���3��Y"���fmQ�����,4��Z=�-.����2�3�1�+K$"�3�,��Y"�����2�����"+.�3���"46=G$2�!*!#���+#4��P���"�3����=Hh)�+#+. $"4�JC���,������������4��ZI��c��$2�+ $2�"?��f���Tâ�äG�3 ���¢�¦ ¢�¤ � + ������������,�P$2�"?��"+ � ��+G�f���A?Q�������"�_?���JC��4F����4��"!#�"+.�A��� �+ �)������$" ���3���+c=!#`"!#�����!*!K���,���Z=G��K$2�+.����y�������$"�3 �"4����f46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���Z=.���f4F�5?������4�J"!K���3��-. �����2�1���2��������$2�2�bJ"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �2��"�����54F�TL��2�3�3���+[���)4��"�������J2$�X �"����� ��+ �A4��)!#�+ ���(��$"�3 �"4]�"����R�§�ã ¢���I

���*�-���)�-�)�����������  A¡�¢g£¥¤)���7¦L§�¨2©ª�« A�7�« �¬®­A¢&¤-¯-¨« A¡�¢g£d¤:° ±�£ª��­A²g¡��´³Nµ¶­�¤)����·�³- A¡�¢g£-��¸�¢g¯-¹���º�º����2»<���  �¯ª£d¤)���7¨�¡�£N¼c²½­A¢½¯ª³¾�«¿À ��£$ A�´¤)�>­A��¨2©ª�«­A¨2©ª�c¤)¯Á³)­A¢g²½­2µ ÀcÀ �¡�£$ A�«­2¤-¡��!¨�¡�³ªº�¡�£Nµ¶¡Â­A�Ã��ÄNž���Ƭ®­A¢g²¶­2µ ÀcÀ �c¤)�ºÇ° È*¹gµ¶º<¤-¯ÁÉ+Ê)¨�º��`±�º���¨« !­A¢½£&¯ª¨�º�§�µ¶¡�­A��»?¤)¯Å¾�:˾̽Í

Û

ÎÐÏ½Î Ñ |~üÓÒ~�ÐÔÖÕÁ× üÐ}7�;|��5yw{;ÿ¶|��1ü�{ÐÔ }�ØkÔ�ymÒÉüÙ׶{ÛÚ~y��ÐÕÁ×ÝÜ@ýþ{f�1ÿÝÞßÔÉü|Ò~üÓ×-àAÜË|~ü®y9�á ÿ¶ü ýþ�;|ÁÒ~ÿ¶{Ð׶ü

�a�&$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+w!#�+ ���F��4��[�"+ÌJ"+ �"�3LZ���E?��3�,!K���,���$â �&$2�+�+.�?��"+ � ��+G�#4��2�#���"�3+���Y"���2��$"�,+ -.Q��+G�����+�+ J2�2�C=����,���"���]��J"LZ�,!#�2�]���l$"�����������+ $2�ZI�q14,4��_����a�3��Y2�c����3���l� ��+ �D4��2�\��+�+ J2�2�P�CàZ©Z��=�$"��������¨��+.�1�"+(!#�W��"+�+ �����Ú:Qí?Q���f��+�UV ��-Gc�8�"+[�Cà�î�Û�=�� ���������?����"!*���"�f$�X H$�?@J"�3���4,���"�lN�i�"4,4�����J2$"������P���3�����4��"!#�"+G�CI�'��>�Cà�î�Ûh[�CàZàZ�K�+&?@�"������"���"+��,�)�+ �M$"�����������+ $2�>!#CW��"+�+ �M�@�C�� $2��?&?�4, �)!#G��J"��J2�Z=@���M�:Q�I@'��"?�����M�CàZàZ��4F����"!K��+ ���K!#�+ ���F��4��K�"+sJ"+ �"�3LZ���*?����LZ���2�����K�"+g!#�W��"+�+ �K���B�Z= Ù*Që?Q���T��+g�"�>�B���3���"�,+G���C��=��Nð����"?s�"+�Z�Z���¾e��ªfÕI7�4\�2�3���,+G��J"���2������+G�����>����,�5-G �(4��2�M¤6 �ä¾ã â�ä ¢�ã�â � á §�ã�â� �ã�¡�§ � ã�§�� ��� ¤�¢�ç"ä�§N������?�?@��3�5���>4F��?���H�� $"�3���+

���8J"+ �"�3LZ���(?��3�,!K���,���>hM4F�M$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+N�������4��Z=Q$��\������4��C��S�ZI,���P�����3���"+G��LZ����+ ���"!#�"+.��?Q���A?Q�CWH���"�������4��+�46�8J"?�H-G �ZI�dl�2$"�@?@�"�3!#�"�P����!*���"�y�$2�!*?����"+ �����)4��2�P��J2$"���3���+ �P?��3�����2�f���U3������� X.��c� ��+ �l4��)$2�+.����y����!#�+ ���F��46IG�c�2�<LZ�����"!#�"+G���b���A?�J"�3���4��A�"�b���AL.��Ü����+G�<���"?Q���3�3���b�3��Y2�<�,+ J"L.��4��"!#�"+.�P�3��<4F���3��V����$2�A���"�3���2�3�3����"���,+ ��������"+.�5���>4F�#?Q���3�)���2�)$2�+ ���!*!K�����"����)�+ ������3���T��J"?��"+ � ��+ $2�T�H���V��h��6�G�������2��?Q�2W���-G��]4��2��?@Z�V���Y2���"+G�CI �c�5+G $"4�JC���,���(�2�3�f�+ �5���Nh2�+ ������J2����,���54F�*��J"?@�"+ � ��+ $2��J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �>��� �+B?Q�2W��A+ �)?@Z����J2� ��+G�?Q���l���A��J2���"�3���2�b��Z���3�,4��2�CI.�c��?��3��yK���!*�,+ �"�����@��� �����+��,�! �2���l���U3������� X.��@+ J"LZ4,�,L��C����4��)� ��+ �b4���?��3��y�������"�H���"+.�5��'�$å�X&+. $"4�JC���,���E��4F�K����3���>�Z��4��"��5��U3����J2�M�2�3�5��?�?���3��J2�T?Q���)46� �,+����������3�3 $"�3����>�,+ �� ���3�3���"4,4��Z=��$"���"+G�3��mQ-. ���"�(���2$�X�+���-. ��-.��b���"+ �g?@Z���3�,��4��*4F�B?���G�� $"�3���+v���8J"+ �"�3LZ����+. $"4�JC���,���ZI\~��,+ ���<4F�Br�����+ $2�i����LZ!#�"+G��J5+ �"�3���"!#�"+.�����+E�,+ ��J"?��"+ � ��+ $2�(J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �(�����"+B-.c�8�"4,4��)�,!*?@��3�������)46� �����+��,�!BI ~{46� X �"����N�è$2�"�3�����,+ �M?Q�2W��M���"+ �+ $2�"+.��h 46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���E����mQ�������+j+G $"4�JC���,���Z=<��������3���2�*���"4F��+ $2�"+G�#4��"��M?����LZ����!*!#�+G $"4�JC���,������}5tH~>=QdbX��,+ �Z= r]�,+�4F��+ ���Z=�~�!#J"�3��-G �5��NtG ��=cI,I,Iï��I

ægçéè�êÇë!ìªí�î!ï ð!ñ ò«óôç!ñ�õéö ÷¾ø ø öéù®ç!î!ñ«ö ú-ç!ñ�ç!û�ç ü�ýÇç ýþêôÿ��Nñ�ï ê �!ç��Ýð!ñ ü���óôð��¶ö�� � P�� ðéèAö�ñ�:óþï öéñAý�Cà�î�Û �Z��Q Ú���Q �C�ZÛ�Q ß�ÙOQ à�Q ÛZß�Q î�©�Q�Z�Z��� ÚZ��Q ÛZß�Q �CÚZÛ�Q î�Ú�Q �Z�OQ Ú���Q î�©�Q

µK£=�7½ �ZI,� ���� �ä¾ã>â�ä ¢�ã�â � á §�ã�â� �ã�¡�§ � ã�§�� ��� ¤�¢�ç"ä §��6�3 ¨á�á�¥��"¤aâG§P¦, Pá��3¥Câ�ä�¡2¤�¢�¥�ã�£¨äH�l¦, T¡�¥�ã�£2¥�æMæ* �¤�¢�¥�ã�¤6¥Z¤6 �¦�§â�ä � ã�§"� � ¢6§fá���¢Ëæ# �¢��3§����@á� ��fá� N]�£>¥�äB� �!� ¢�¥�ãs§"¤cá� ��> �ãQã � §��������

B���B��2B "!´@$#&%('Ó5�678:9<;4=4/A@)'Ó5�! #?/29�3A@+*�8�5�/-,.,ª9�!0/¾@�D�2����$2J"+Q���3��Z������?����U3�2$"�3���+&����4F�#$"�����������+ $2�(��J"!#�LZ����?�X���-G �T!#�+ ���F��4��>���+G���Z���3��J2���"��?��"����"+G�

$2�+ ����,��� hg����Ý@J"���"+G���2�K�2�3�3�,!K���3���+ �����i4F�&?@�?��4F���3���+w!#�+ ���F��4�� ��� ��$"���+Ì�3��Y2$"4��ZIbdl�2�K��$2J"+Q���3��Z�#+ ���1 ° §«£ª�«­A²½¡ ��³-­A¡ À µ½¡Â­A�L���  7º µ&2þ¢½­ À ��¤�° §�£-�«­A²g¡��´¤-¡��!³¾¢½£ª¡43ªº���¤-µ½£ª� º µ?£NµÝ A¯-­A��µ�¹½µ½£$   A¢½¯- A�� !­2µ¶£ª�52þ¢¶­ À µ¶ A¡�¢g£�Í-±�º�º���£*° ���  7³ªµ½� A¢g¯76 ¢g¯)­A�<¯- A¡�º�¡��Aµ83-º ��¤-¡Â­A��¨« A� À ��£$ <�« <¤-¢g¡Â �9� !­A�� !­2µ¶£ª�52þ¢¶­ À §���³¾¢½¯-­:9« !­A���  A¢$¨-;�§���¢g¯c !­2µ½£-�!³¾¢½­! A§��4�Ç�!¢g¯ª�(2þ¢½­ À ��¤�° §�º���¨� !­A¡ ¨«¡� A§8<³NµÝ­7��=)� À ³ªº��Ý»�Í

Ù

$2�+ �3����Y"���"+.�<-G �l���2�a�Z���3�F���3���+ �\��� $2�2�1���_4F�A���+ $"�3���+T?@�?��4F���3���+M!#�+ ���F��4��f�2���2$l4��l���"!*? �l���� $"�+M+ �?���J"����,�b�+ �����,!*�,+.��3���+Eh5$2���3�b��!#CW��"+����"�3!#����#+ �!>��������� XQ�����,����+G���P�3��<���"�3���ZI.}�+ ���2���3�,!K���3���+!#G��J"��J2�5�Ëm LZ����)�ZI,���c?���J"����,�\-Gc�8�"+*�Z�ZÚZ��=���T�����y>���l$"�����������+ $2�P��$"�3 �"46=�4F��?�4F��+ Y"���P$2�!*?����"�����"+.�H�,���+àM!*�,4,4,�F����������� XQ�����,����+G���CI

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZI,�?�'Yf¥¨á�äG¦, Z¤�¢�¥�ãsæ#¥�ã�âZ¢� �¦�§*â.§[email protected]¨äG£"ç2ä�ä �Eã�¥�£HF2¥�äG�¨£*§2¤]á��3¥�F2§�¡2¤�¢�¥Zã�£*â�ä ¢�¡"¢I�JEKCDETá�¥�äH�*âZ¢éR�§"��££"¡ � ã� ���¢�¥�£.��� L�adV��M��NO�-�P�

'5��+ �>4��2�>?Q�CWH�>�3��$�X �2�M�,+ �� ���3�3�F��4,����J2�C=a4��K���"+ �����"4,4��"!#�"+G�#���2�>L�J"+ J"�����3���+ �M+c�8�2���(?�4, �*�����3���JN���"+r�����+ $2�(�N���yiq1�������3�Õ}�+�����?Q������y��"!*?�4��Z=Q$2�����+.��4��2�f?��?��4F���3���+ ���,!*!*�,LZ��J2�2��-G��D�"+G�3���"�3���"+�+ �"+.���+ �XQ�� �����*���M4F����J"!#�LZ����?�X�������I]dl�*$2�+ ���������3��,�)4F����Y"LZ4��ML�J"+ J"����4��*-.c���C���2$*46�����LZ!#�"+.�����3���+j��u+��,���C�����5�H���Z=�4��5�����yi����+Q������4,�,��J5�Q���������ZI

B��2B��RQ S!´@$*�50! ,ª50'T'Ù9:/:/A50!U#WVX%(!´@�8:6�/A@W;?9<8 =´9<14/Y/N9�!�/�ZÙ3A9 =?9\[H,.,-@n���?�?���3��J2�#��g+ �!>�����K��� XQ�����,����+G���C=c4F�i$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+j���8J"+ �"�3LZ���#+c���E$2�"?@�"+ � ��+.�>?Q���5�@�C�� $2��?

J"���4, J����"?�����P4��2�A��+�+ J2�2���Cà�î��i���"4,4��)J"�����,�A���*�Z=�ÚZß�¤6¥�ã ã�§¨£ � ç"äH¢ R� �¦�§�ãQ¤Dá � ¤��3¥�¦�§�]#�����"?��b?Q���fXQ�����,����+G���"�?Q���l��+K�"+N�Cà�î�Û5$2�+.�3���T�Z=�©�î)���"?��"+��Z�Z���ZI.�D���3��$�X �2������J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-G ���2�3�<?Q���l$2�+.�3�����3��Y2�<!K��4��������3�3�,�� J2����A?Q���b4��f!#�+ ���ZI.~f$"�3 �"4,4��"!#�"+G�C=��ZÚZ��!*�,4,4,���+ �b����?��"�����+�+ �2�_$2�+ ���!*!#�"+G�P�������+G�l���8J"+ �"�3LZ����-. �A��� �4��2�a����3���2�C=��"+(J"?��������+G�a�2�����"+G�3���"4,4��"!#�"+.�\4��2�D����G$¶�H�c���8J"+ �"�3LZ���<��Z���3�,4��<�"�c+ �+����"+ �����"4F����4��l���14F�A?�4F��+ Y"���ZIq1+u!#CW��"+�+ �Z=D�+u~�!#J"�3��$C���,+s���2�G^<�������V�Õ}�+����($2�+ ���!*!#�Kß����"?u?Q���(��+c=@����,�5?�4, �5���E�CÛK������5$2�*-G �$2�+ ���!*!#�T�+&XQ�����,����+.�5���(46�8~����3��-. �Z=�?���Y2�)���Tà#�������4F��$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+g��� �+udbX��,+ �����=��N4��T������4������$2�"4,4������ �+�q1����?@J2�"+cI�tG��4F�5$"�����������+ $2��J2$2�+ �!*��-G ��-G ��$2�+�+Q���������"+G�P���U3������� X.���4��2�<LZ����+ ���b��4�H$2���J"!#�LZ����?�X���-. �2�)���54F�#?�4F��+ Y"������4F�KdbX��,+ �>�"�A46�87�+ �����f���)�3��������,��?Q���A�+ ��J"4�J"�Z���3���+[��[+��,���C��[���5�H���

� º µ4 A¢½£ª£-�L§�¼$¯ª¡�¹½µ½º���£$ 7³¾§« !­A¢gº������  �¯-£ª�L¯-£ª¡Â A§�¤�° §�£-�«­A²g¡��?µg¤)¢g³) A§���³NµÝ­7º �«��§�£-�«­A²g§� A¡ ¨«¡ �«£ª��;±�º�º��?§�¼&¯-¡�¹gµ¶¯- `_Ia�bc< dÐ�fe-ÍÚ

���P4��"��<?@�?��4F���3���+��"�b���+ $f�+ �f?�4, �<LZ����+ ����$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+��"+�J"+ �"�3LZ���Z=Z4F�5$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+�!#�+ ���F��4�����8J"+ �"�3LZ����á� ��5åH ��"¢�¤6 �ã�¤l$2�+�+Q�����3���#�+ ��$"�����������+ $2�5�"+ $2����(?�4, �f�,!*?@��3����+.���ZIB���B��hg ijVX%lkf[4/232/21?8:@m#´@037VX%l*�50,on&,o/.p('Ó@q/¾@�8:8�@l,o/N8�@q'Ù@l!?9\*r%0;49<8S32@l,¥8�@�sª@t/P,u#?@ 6�9:vmZ'@twÐ@t/

#´@$,ª@�8:8:@W9�!0/:=?8:57;4/�kf[´@l,�a��$2�!*!>�+Q�����J*��$"���"+.�3��mQ-G �M+ �T!#�"�)?�4, �)���U3������� X.��<�"+u�������T46�8��y����3���"+ $2�M��� �+ �(����3���M$2��3��J��

4F���3���+u�"+.�3���T46�8J2-G��,4,�,�����*���(46�8J2$2Z��WH�3��Y"!#�T���"�3���2�3�3���M�"��46�����LZ!#�"+.�����3���+j���(4F��$2�+ $2�"+.�3�����3���+S���(L.��Ü#h��Ý��"�5���T���"�3���i�6ð5qbt���� ��+ �)46�����3!#Z�3?�X Y"���#���T+ ��3���M?�4F��+ Y"���ZI��c�M��J2$�XQ���Ý@�"!#�"+G�>$"4,�,!K���3��-G �*$2�+ �3������J���U3������� X.��@�2�3�_4F�>$2�+ ��J2-G �"+ $2������46�����LZ!#�"+.�����3���+B����4F�5���"+ �"��P���A46�����3!#Z�3?�X Y"�������"�3���2�3�3�����"+ið5qbt�=?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4��"!#�"+G�5df|

2!K�������� ���3�adlk

4=Qt�|

2�[;)|

2I

�a�B�3�,LZ+Q���3�������s?������H$2�4������Ax)W����[hB4F�im +S�� ÀJÀ ï y�ù®ö �3��Y2$"4��#!K����-G �Z=]��� �+ �#�6�Nh2�+s!#H���2�3����"�>���������,���Z=D46�8J"���"�,4l�üK$"���"4l���K4F�B$2�+ ��$"���"+ $2��$2�4,4��2$"�3�,���K!#�+ ���F��4��EhB4F�E+ ��3���+s?@���3����+.�*J"4�J"!#�"+G�����,���-G ���������(��3�,4,�������3���+u���8J"+ �"�3LZ���(?Q��������?Q�����+ �>!#H����mQ$C���3���+&���(46�8�"+.�H�,���+�+ �"!#�"+.���"���+ �T��$2$"�!>�4F����3���+g���M���:U3�"�����g���*��J2$�X �"���T������H$"��J2�CI@�D�i$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+S!K�����3�,���*���2�5��J2���"�3���2�(���8J"+ �"�3LZ���2�5��Z���3�,4��2���?@J"�3���4��Z=<$�XQ���3�@�+c=<L.��Ü���=_-.����&?@�"�3!*���*4F�u$"�����������+ $2�B��y�?��+ �"+G�3���"4,4�� ���i4F�u��J"!#�LZ����?�X���� !#�+ ���F��4��� ��+ �14��2�b$2�"+.�l���"�3+���Y"���2�b��+�+ J2�2�C=.+ �+K���"�4��"!#�"+.�lJ"?�����������2�<���2��������$2�2�<+ �+��6���"+ �����"4F����4��2�l!K�����b�2�3�<4F�?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4��M������$2�M���8J"!*�����3���+u���2��L.��Ü#hK��Ý��"�)���T���"�3���� �ã�¤�å.�V¥�á�¢�ç2ä�§¨£"I��<� ��3�,4,�������3���+g���T$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��2���Z���3�,4��2�A�2�������U3������� X.��]���2$2�+�+. �M$2�!*!#��?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4]���2�3?@�+ ������4��(���(46�����LZ!#�"+.�����3���+u�� ���"�3��J2�T����4F�$2�+ $2�"+G�3�����3���+N�"+[df|

2���3!#Z�3?�X J"�3��-G �ZI

> ��Ä+½ �ZI��z� V1¥�äH�$��§�â�ä � R�¥Z¦ ä�¤�¢�¥Zãiâ.§f¦� >¡�¥�ã�¡¨§�ãQ¤��3 Z¤�¢�¥ZãEâZä0VI{z�Mâ� �ã�£l¦�ä  Z¤�æ#¥�£6á�å�����§�â.§�á�äG¢Ë£|@.}DCDE~�7�Pá� ��"¤�¢Ë�â.§�¦Ýä  �ã� �¦ ]�£C§>âG§¨£(¡� ��3¥Z¤�¤Õ§¨£Tâ.§ � ¦, �¡�§# �ãQ¤6 ��3¡2¤�¢�ç"ä�§*§2¤bâ.§(æK§¨£¨äH��§¨£Tâ�¢��3§�¡2¤Õ§¨£��R�o���dl�2�1ð)qbt����+.�\���2�c���:U3�"���a�,+ J"�G�,������4��"!#�"+G�_������H$"��J2�ahf4F��$2�!(�� �3�3���+*��� �+ �l������$2�_���8J"+ �"�3LZ���_��Z���3�,4��ZI

;�� �(���!*!#�2�T� ��+ ���+ �K?�J"�3��H���K$�XQ���3+���Y"���i���*46� X����3����,����!#�+ ���F��4��Z=aN�S�,4<�6�� �����q�.46�8�"+�U3�"SJ"����+.�T4F�©

A2

A1B

IS92A

B2

A1T

B1

A1Fl

Ten

eu

r a

tmo

sph

éri

qu

e e

n C

O2

(p

pm

v)

Année

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZI�Û���Yl�3¥�F2§�¡2¤�¢�¥Zã&£2§�¦,¥�ãsâ�¢ R�§��¨£�£"¡ � ã� ���¢�¥�£Tâ.§>¦, i¤Õ§�ã�§�äH�M§�ã VI{2 Z¤�æ#¥�£6á�å � ��¢�ç"ä §�á�¥ZäG�>¦,§ ÀJÀ7�h���h���

£¨¢A�3¡"¦�§��I�>§�¤Õ§�¦ £*£"¡ � ã� ���¢�¥�£iâ � á�§�ã�â.§�ãQ¤�â�äS¤6 �äNãuâ�ä ä�¤�¢Ë¦ ¢Ë£" Z¤�¢�¥�ãèâ�ä � ã�§�� � ¢�§�£`^"¥�£�£¨¢�¦�§¨£�â� �ã�£#ã�¥Z¤��3§�¡�¥Zã�£"¥�æ��æ# Z¤�¢�¥Zã:�7U���æK§5¦�§5£"¡ � ã� ��¨¢�¥K¦,§Pá�¦ ä.£(¡�¥�ã £2§��gR� Z¤Õ§�äH�fá�� � R�¥�¢�¤bäHã�§5ã@§"¤�¤Õ§( Zä � æK§�ã�¤6 Z¤�¢�¥Zã&â.§>¡�§"¤�¤Õ§>¤Õ§�ã@§�äG�Á�â.§¨£�ã ¢ R�§3 ZäNã�¢�ã � â�¢�¤�£(â� �ã�£5¦Ýä åG¢F£"¤6¥�¢Ë��§���C��"I

�3��3�H���b���b4F�A��H$"��J"��JbX.�!K���,+ �8����J" ���3�,�a�+ �_�3����+ �3�,�3���+M���"���a�+>!#H���l���<�H���_+ J2$2�2���¨���,���"!#�"+.�\?�4, �\���������"+B$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+[���8J"+ �"�3LZ���(�"�A����+ �P���:UV�"���f���(ð5qbt�I �c�2�lm LZ����2�>�ZI��M�"���ZI�ÛM���+�+ �"+.�A���2�3?@�2$"�3�,���"!#�"+.�4F�5�Z���3�F���3���+����f4F�����"+ �"��b�"+�df|

2!#�2�3���J2���"�l���2�<?����U3�2$"�3���+ �b���A$2�"�3�������"+ �"��b���"4��+����,���"���_��$2J"+Q���3��Z�

����$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+N���8J"+ �"�3LZ���5��Z���3�,4��ZI�D�gm LZ����v�ZI ÙS�,4,4, ���3��� 4F�j$"�����������+ $2�N�� ���"�3��J2�&���2��J2$C���3���Bhg4F�s���"!*?�J"�����3����NLZ4���Q��4��N!#CW��"+�+ �

���"�3���2�3�3���>�C���2$54��)���"!*? �CI')�\?Q���D���f+Q���3����<J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �_�,+.�3�3�,+ ��Y2-G �"!#�"+.�Aâ.§"ã�£2§"=C4F�f���"�4��<������$2�<!K�����3�,���1���8J"+ �"�3LZ���b?��3�,!K���,���

�3 ��$2�"?��3�,��4��f���l�����3���V�6���,���l����?������"!#�"+.�1�+ �l?Q���3�1�3�,LZ+���mQ$C���3�,���f���2�]���2����,+ �]!#�+ ���F���y*���8J"+ �"�3LZ���Z=Z�"�]�¨��+ ����:UV�"�������*ð)qbt�=Q�2�������U3������� X.��\46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���(+G $"4�JC���,���ZIcdl�"?��"+ � ��+G�C=�?@������J" ���3�,��$2�"�3���>�3����+ �3�,�3���+N���"����+ �u�3�,�3Q���3���+pN��4��N+. $"4�JC���,���g���"�����,�E��J"���"4��?�?@Ju���N?Q���E4��[!#�+ ���Z=P4��N+G $"4�JC���,���g����,�B`"�3���N���"+ �����������4��Z=G�"+����"�,4,4F��+.�l+ �����!*!#�"+.�Ah)46�8�?��3�,!*�������3���+E���2�_!K���3��Y"���2�<mQ�����,4��2�_�"�<���"�3�3�,4��2�CIG')��+ �_4���$C���b��� �+ ����"4F��+ $2�&���+G $"4�JC���,���N!#�+ ���F��46=P4F�g��J" �����,���[���N$2�"�3��� �3����+ ���,�3���+�?Q�������"���g?Q�����+ �u��$2$2�"?������3���+c=f���4F�[?Q���3�M����4F�[��G$"��J"��JZ=\��v$�X ���yv���K4F�[L��2�3�3���+è�3��3���"�,4,4�J2�i���2�M��J2$�X �"���M�4,�3�,!#�2�#������G$"��J2�Mh[46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���+. $"4�JC���,���ZI�;��f?Q���_��J" ���3�,�_$2�"�3���A�3����+ ���,�3���+��3����-G �A����$2�+.�3�,+. �"�Ah($C����3���+�+ �"�b����$"�,���"!#�"+G�b46� ��3�,4,�������3���+U: ��-.c��h5J"?�������"!#�"+.�f���2�_J"+ �"�3LZ���2�_��Z���3�,4��2�C=Z���+.�l4��2�<���:U3�"���_�"+Eð)qbt#���+.�_��������J"!*�,+ J2�C=�+ �+�$2�+.�3����4F����4��2��"�A���"?���J2���"+G���"+.�5���UV������� XG��6=�hM+ Z�fW��"�y�=��+ �5!#�"+Q��$2�(?�4, �fLZ���2���>-. �5$2�"4,4��(���2����J2$�X �"����+. $"4�JC���,���2�C=-.��<���+.�(�"�y�=�$2�+ $2�"+.�3��J2�C=a$2�+�m + J2�C=�4�H$C��4,����J2���"������!*���>hi���2��$2�+.�3����4��2�>�3�3�3��$"���CI�;�� �5���"�G���"+ �����+ �

î

Variations de la température globale ( °C )

> ��Ä+½ �ZI Ùu� U&§¨£¨äH��§¨£(â.§¨£ � ¡� ��"¤�£Ö�K¦� K¤Õ§�æ�á � �3 Z¤�äG��§ � ¦,¥��3 Z¦,§(æ#¥N].§�ã ã�§T§�ãQ¤���§�@.}P}�E�§"¤��JEDEPEP���'ä  ¨á����¨£W�O�����

�"+���J"�����,4��3��b4F��+Q���3���������$2�2�b��J2$�X �"���CI�tH��4,�,LZ+ �+ �f-G �����Q4��A+G $"4�JC���,���5�2�3�l��!#�"+ J)h(���LZ!#�"+G���"�A� ��+ �4��5!#�+ ���Z=�$2�"�3����$"�4,�3����(����4F�*�3�����"��J(���2����J2$�X �"�����"�����2�A�,+ ������4,4F���3���+ �A���2-G������2�����"�H���*$2�"�3�����,+ �"!#�"+.�`"�3���5J"���"+ �� �T���y�?Q�CWH�A�"+ ����������5��J"���"4��?�?��"!#�"+G�CI

B���B��X� iÐ@m;?8:5�143Yp('Ó@�#´@l,�8:@l,.,ª50[´8�*�@l,^a�����*������$2�M���8J"+ �"�3LZ���M+ �+��6���"+ �����"4F����4��#���>X �"��3���#��[?������4�Y"!#�M�,+ J"�H�,������4��*���T4F�������3?Q���3�,�3���+c=

������� ��������=����>���2����J2���"�3���2�CI�;�� �����"+ �+ �����(����,��-. �>�3���"+N���U3������� X.��\+ �>?��"�3!#�"�����(?@�"+ ���"��-G �4F�i$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+j���8J"+ �"�3LZ���*�Z�i���,!*�,+. �"�Thi$2���3�>�u!#CW��"+s���"�3!#�ZID~�g$2�+G�3�����,���Z=D�"4,4��K�i���T����3���2�$�XQ��+ $2�2������$2�+G�3�,+. �"��h#$"������3�����"�A$2�"�3����$"�����������+ $2���3����-. �5���(�C����$2$2J"4�J"���"�CI�D� ������4��C��í�ZI��S���+�+ �[�+ �N�2�3�3�,!K���3���+x���+ �!(�����&������+�+ J2�2�E���8��yH?�4���,�����3���+x���+G�i�+������3?@Z���

�"+ $2����Z=����"4��+&4��2�5��y�?��"�3���)eïî)fÕ=@?����)4��2�)?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4��2��������$2�2�(���8J"+ �"�3LZ���T��Z�����,4��>+ �+��6���"+ �����"4F����4���� ��+ �4��>!#�+ ���ZIcdl�2��J2$�X JC��+ $2�2����J"?@�"+ ���"+.����N�����y[���M$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+g�"�����+.�)��$"�]���+�+ J2�2�)?@����4��>�����y��$"�3 �"4l��46�8�2�3�3�,!K���3���+&����4��"��������J2�T���5�H���(�2�3�����8�"!(��4�J2�M�?��3�,!*���3���ZIQ7�4D�2�3���������������������üK$"�,4��T���5�����"+$�X���Ý����"�)$2�2��J2$�X JC��+ $2�2�C=�$2�!*?����>���"+.u����46� �,+ $2�"�3�3�,�3 ���*-Gc�8�"+.�������T46����?�?���J2$"�F���3���+g���>4F�#-GQ��+.�3�,��JM���2���J2���"�3���2��=Z�3�UV�"�1����U3�����_��J"�Q���3�3cIHdl�"4F�)�,4,4, �3�3���A$2�"?@�"+ � ��+.�C=.X ����1�����_��J"�Q���C=�-G �P4F�5���"�y���Y"!#�f!#��,�3��J�� À¢À=� ï y�ù®ö �3��Y2$"4��1���"�3���A�3��Y2�c?�����Q����4��"!#�"+.�\4��<��J"����]���14F�Pm +>���1?���Y2�D���lßZ�`Q����<��J2���"�3���2�DJ"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-G �2�$2�+G���"+.�3���+�+ �"4,4��2�>!#�+ ���F��4��2�K���3�\4F�i�����J2�#���M�H���M�3�����3��-. �*�2���5��$"�<�3����2�3�3�,!#J2�Z=�4��M?���$*���M?���H�� $"�3���+-G �($�XQ��$"�+ �T���T$2�2������3!#�2�)���8J"+ �"�3LZ���M$2�+�+Q�����3���i�2�Z��+.�5���(��J2$"������3���M�2�3�C=�4,��6=Q+ �"�3���"!#�"+G�)�,+���J"�3���"���h$2�"�3���������J2�ZI

ß

ò�ð!óþù®ö�û8� íéñ«öéóþî!ï ö ægç!óôý�û�ö�ø ç���óþð2û���õÆýÇï ð!ñ+ù®ð!ñ�û�ï ç!ø ö�û8� í�ñ�ö�óþî!ï ö�� �5��� � � ìD� æc� ì �gö�ùt��ê:óþö�êôýÇç!ñAý:û8� öX���«ø ð!ï ýþç ýÇï ð!ñ<ê ýÇç ýÇï �-��ö9]J"�3���4�� ÛZ��Q �"Ù.�Kð�� Ù.�*��+ �dbXQ���3���+ �Z©�Q àZß�Ù�ð�� �CàZ�#��+ �ð���Ü �Z��Q �CÚZ�*^P! 3 ©Z�*��+ �^a�����4 î�ß�Q � �

µM£7�=½ �ZI��z�d_A§¨£¨£"¥�äH�V¡¨§¨£´YP�V¥�ä�R � §�£?_ � ¡"ä�á � �3 ���¦�§¨£?� _j�ôYW�ô_H��§�ã R�¥Z¦ äHæK§A§"¤� �ã ã � §¨£lâ�ä §�ã¨á�¦,¥�¢�¤6 Z¤�¢�¥�ãM£�¤6 Z¤�¢�ç"ä §8�â.§¨£5£2¥�äG�3¡�§¨£*â�ä � ã�§�� � ¢6§´^2¥�£¨£¨¢�¦,§¨£>§"¤bã ä�¡"¦ �  �¢��3§��`��}����

ÎÐÏ�� �ïüT|ßÔ~}�׶ÜË{;ÿ ywü {;}c� ÔÉü�×ô|TàEü1� � Ú~{A�zÔ~|~ü �1�ÐÔÉy�}7ü Ò à2ÜË|Éü®y á ÿ¶ü\ÒÖÔÉyw{cÕÁ× ü�<� �����+��,�! +c�8�2�3�1$2�"�3�����,+ �"!#�"+.�_?Q���<�+ �f��y�$2�"?��3���+Kh�4F����Y"LZ4��PL�J"+ J"����4��A���l4F�I�<ã ¢�¤�ä�â.§f���2�1��J2���"�3���2�C=

���+.�\4��b!#�+.����+.�<�2���]J"L.��4��"!#�"+G�<��J"�Q���3�3M�"�]�Z���3�F����4��b���"4��+M4��_?��3��y>���8��yH�3����$"�3���+#-Gc�8�+M$2�+ �3����Y"���ZI�7Õ4H�2�3�?Q���P���,4,4��"����l����üK$"�,4������8J"����4, �"�b4��2�_���2��������$2�2�_�4,�3�,!#�2�l�"+K�����+��,�!B=H�����������+.�P?�4, �_-G �A4F��?���Z�3?@�2$"�3���++ �5?Q���������A?Q�������U3������� X.��a�6���,���)46�8���UV�"����� �+[��Ý@��3�f�,!*?@��3����+.�C=�����+ �A�������(h*$C�� ���5��� �+ ����yH�������"+ $2����(�3��H$Ý����h*������?��+��,���,4,�,��J(�,!*!#J2���F�����ZI@|�+N�2�3�3�,!#�(���U3������� X.��\-. �54������,4F��+[���5�������2��4��2�A���2��������$2�2�!*�,+���Y"���2�M��J"?��"�3����3��J2�2�M��J"?Q�������"�����,�i��îB!*�,4,4,���+ �M���K���+�+ �2��=]h[���2�>$2�+ ���,�3���+ �*������$2$2Y2�T��������������T�3��Y2�����Ý@J"���"+G���2�CIq1+�m +c=�46�8��y�?�4���,�����3���+g���T���2��������$2�2��+ �+u$2�+.���"+.�3���+�+ �"4,4��2�>$2�!*!#�M4��2����J2���"�3���2�)��� �����+��,�! ���,4, J

� ��+ �l46�8�C������A!#�"�P�2�3�l�������"+.�l?���J2���"+.��J2��$2�!*!#��?��"�3!#�"�3����+G�P�������LZ!#�"+G���"�f�3�,LZ+���mQ$C���3�,���"!#�"+.�f4��2�b��J�����"�3���2�\�"+>�����+��,�!BI�dl�2$"���3�?�?@Z���_$2�"?@�"+ � ��+.�\�+M������a���2$�X�+ �4��LZ��-. �P!K��U3�"��C=��"�a�+ �b?Q���3�a�,!*?@��3����+.��������3?@J2$"�4F���3���+K-G�� ���"+ ���"+.�l46�8��y�?�4���,�����3���+����A$2�2�_���2��������$2�2�lh)+ Z�<W��"�y*�,�3��JC��4,���3����h5$2���3�<���"�3!#�ZI.q<+��Ý@�"�C=Q4F�M?�4,�?Q���3�)���2��J"�3 ���2�����+�+ �"+.���+ ���Z��4��"�������4F�*$2�+ $2�"+G�3�����3���+u����46� �����+��,�!­$2�!*?��3�����>�"+G�3����#�"�(Ú

µg.l−1 �"�5�+ �*�Z��4��"��5!#CW��"+�+ �����8�"+.�H�,���+jÛ�I�Û µg.l−1 ���"!>��4��#`"�3���#$2�!*!(�+ J"!#�"+G�M��$2$2�"?���J2�ZI}�+K���4,�!#����� �+K!*�,4,4,���+����f!#Y"�3���2�l$"����2�b���8�C������f!#�"�_$2�+G�3���"+ �������,�A��4�����_�"+.�H�,���+�Ûd�GL(��� �����+��,�!BIq1+&���+�+Q��+.��h#$2�"�������+��,�!­�+ �>�Z��4��"���X.WH?@��3X J"�3��-. �T���TÛZ�Z�K�"���Z�½M-�HL =Q?@����-G ��46�8��y��3����$"�3���+u����,����"+.������4��5�,4��6�� �������,�P-G ��4��2�l!#CW��"+ �A���8��y��3����$"�3���+E?���������"+G�l�3�����,���"�Ah>!#��,+ �f���)��I,��$2�"+G�3�,!#�5���8�"���M4��!#Y"�3���)$"��������8�C�������!#�"�����C���2$��+����"+ ���"!#�"+.�A���>�C�Z�:Q*��=�h($2�!*?Q�����"�A�2���2$�4��A?��3��y����2�b���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2����K�3�����,���"!#�"+G�#���K46�8�C��v��3�,4,����J2�2�*���U3������� X.��A���8�"+G�G�,���+v�+v�"��� ?Q���T!#Y"�3���i$"��������8�C��S?@�������4��&�����,�5ÛK��������2�)����LZ����+ ���"��5���T����Ý@J"���"+ $2�ZIcdl�>���������+�+ �"!#�"+.�5�2�3�)��J"�����,4,4�JM� ��+ ��4F�K��J����"���"+ $2�Oe,�C�ªfÕI�9\������,4,4��"����C=�46�����LZ!#�"+G�����3���+v��u���4,�!#�����2�5���2��������$2�2�($2�+.���"+.�3���+�+ �"4,4��2�M�"+g�����+��,�!ñ�"+u���+ $"�3���+S���2�$2������A-Gc�8�+i�2���l?���`"��h>?Q�CW��"�A4F����������?@�"+ ���"�f-. ��4F�(m 4,��Y"���5�3��3L�J"+ J"�����3�3��$2�����"�H���"+ �������,�A�@�C�� $2��?E?�4, ����"+.������4��M�2�Z��+.��������4,4��"��$�X �"��$�X �"��46� �����+��,�!­� ��+ �A46�8G$2JC��+cIq1+N��J�m +��,�3�,���Z=�h#!#��,+ �����(ßZ�K���4,4F������?Q���`�G�,4��LZ����!*!#�Z=�46�8~�7:q<~´���+�+ �>4F�M����4��"������(��=�Ú*!*�,4,4,���+ �

���K���+�+ �2�T��� �����+��,�!B=\����,��Ù.Ú[��+ �>���8��y�?�4���,�����3���+�£�¤6 Z¤�¢�ç"ä §&����S�3WH�3X�!#�K����$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+Ì��$"�3 �"4Ë�à

� ��+ �f4��2�A��JC��$"���"������������U3������� X.��6I^a�"4�-.c� �,4@�2�3�P��yH�3�����,�P�"�b��3�,4,����J)���U3������� X.���?Q���l4���+. $"4�JC���,���5$2�+.���"+G�3���+�+ �"46= 46� �����+��,�! + ��$2�+ �3�3���

�3 �*���+ $K?Q���5�+ �#������$2�#���8J"+ �"�3LZ�������������4��B�c���2����J2���"�3���2�5+ �*?@�"�3!#�"�3�3�������"+.�M-.c� �+ �K$"�,+ -.Q��+G�����,+ �������+�+ J2�2�]���8��yH?�4���,�����3���+c=Z����3WH�3X�!#�P��$"�3 �"4G��� ��3�,4,�������3���+M��(+G $"4�JC���,���l� ��+ �a4��1!#�+ ���Z=�-.��G+c�8�2�3�D?@���V�����+G�\-G �l���8�"+.�H�,���+#î¾Qz���l4F�A?���H�� $"�3���+M!#�+ ���F��4��f���8J"+ �"�3LZ���ZI�tG�G4��l+. $"4�JC���,���P�2�3�1��!#�"+ Jfh����b��J"?�4��W��"�� �C����+G����L��f� ��+ �a4��l�@� -. �"�\J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-G �P!#�+ ���F��4�$2�!*!#�b����3����P������$2�l!K�����3�,���l���8J"+ �"�3LZ���Z=�?����\`"�3������������4��M�,4\����,��`"�3���>�����,������3���"!#�"+.�CID�c�M+. $"4�JC���,���#��$"�3 �"41��3�,4,�����T4F�KmQ���3���+u���T46� �����+��,�!ý§�ãg£6á�§3¡C¤��3§â.§�ã�§�ä�¤��3¥�ã�£�¤�å�§���æM¢�ç"ä §¨£"I ~z$2�2�fJ"+ �"�3LZ���2�A���)+ �"��3���+ �A4FhM�"�f�+i$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��������+��,�!OM�?�4,����+��,�!B=�4�����"+ ���"!#�"+G����i��JC��$"���"����"+i���"�3!#�2�A����!K���3��Y"����mQ���3�,4��)$2�+ ���!*!#J2���2�3�f���,�f��� �V�6L�J"+ J"�������"��>�G4F�>�6�Nh2�+���+G�P�+����c�H¦,§546� �����+��,�!ê�2�3�P�3��Y2�b�,+ $2�!*?�4�Y"���)?Q���P����?�?@��3�Ah(4F�>-GQ��+.�3�,��J5����!*�,+ �"������-.c�8�+i��3�,4,�����)�"�46�8�+ �M�+E���,4F��+ + �"�����5$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+&���)!K���3��Y"���5mQ���3�,4��ZI�;�� �����@������+ �f!K���,+.���"+Q��+G�5$2�)?���,+G�CI

B��RQf�2B ijV�[&/¾/�32/�,-9:/:/A5�!�# [�'|/-!?@�8:9�/�[´8:9�!?/�[ ' @(!����� P¡t¢�£P ¥¤f �¦§ J¨&¢�£P©:¦I�$¢Oª& r£�«­¬7®t¨I r�

�a�#���"+ �"�����������?���-G �>�"+ � �AP }é���(46� �����+��,�! -G��a$2�+ �3�3�,�3 �>4��T$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��M��� �+N��JC��$"���"��5hK�C��4�J"L�Y"���[���E�ÕWH?�� ��¡9¤ ����,��`"�3���B?@��3��J2�[hu�"+G�G�,���+�Û�=ïî¾Q�Ildl�"���������� ���ELZ����+ ���"��i���E4F�u���"+ �"������2�+ �W.���ysmQ���3�,4��2�M� ��+ �M46� �����+��,�! ?@�"�3!#�"�*�����2����,�*�+v�����yj����mQ�������+j�3�üK�¨��+.�*?@���T!K���,+G���"+��,�*�+ ���JC��$"�3���+��"+K$�XQ����+ �Z=G$2�!*?����A���"+.����2�_����3���2�b��� ����3?��3���+ �_+ �"��3���+���-G �2�b-G�� ��y����3���"+.�l� ��+ �_$2�f��WG?@�A�����JC��$"���"��C=����+.��+ �����!*!#�"+G��4��2��$C��?��3����2��+ �"��3���+���-G �2���3��f46� X.W������L�Y"+ �>����46�8�C��cI�|��C= 46� �����+��,�!ì�2�3�$2�!*?@Z��JMh�àZà�=�Û:Qì��� ��������?�� � ��¯ }T=�hi��Iïî¾Q­��� � �AP } �"�5���(�3����$2�2�5��� � ��° }>I@}�+ �M��J"?Q�������3���+&��������?���-G �����46� �����+��,�!ÿ�Z�5?@�"�3!#�"�3�3�������F§"ã �¨¢�¡�å.¢��546� �����+��,�!·�"+K��������?@� � �AP }DI�dl�"�)§�ã ��¢�¡�å.¢Ë£�£2§"æ#§"ãQ¤\¢F£2¥Z¤6¥¨á�¢�ç"ä §�����3��������,��?Q���(4F�E$"��JC���3���+S��� �+ ��-.Q��+G�3�,��J#�@�C�� $2��?g?�4, ���,!*?@��3����+.������� �����+��,�!² ¨á.á� �ä�RC�¨¢5�"+k� �APV}TI~�m +E���)�����"+ $2�!*?��������,4,�����"�A�����A46� �����+��,�! ��3�,4,����JZ=��,4@������A���+ $�+ �+B���"�4��"!#�"+.��$2�!*?����"��46� �����+��,�!-G��]��J:UV���3+ �M�"+g$2Ø)��)!K�������� ���3�\46� �����+��,�!  ¨á�á� �ä*R��¨¢�-.��\��J2�3�4,���M���*$2�T?���G$2J2��JM���8�"+��3��$�X��������"!#�"+.��"�A���+G��4F�M���"+ �"����"+Z� �APV}û�Z���3�������(��=��:Q h*��=�Û:Q�IQ�<�8J"+ �"�3LZ���(?���G����,���(?Q���A���+�+ ����� �����+��,�!ì+Q���3����"4��J"?@�"+ �g���+ $#��g��WG?@�#���*��JC��$"���"��>�"�(���*46�8�"+��3��$�X��������"!#�"+.�T��3�,4,����JZID�D�*������4��C����ZI�ÛE���+�+ �K-. �"4�-G �2��Z��4��"��������M�����yg���*$2�!(�� �3�3���+j�"�����#$2�+ ���!*!K���3���+j��� �����+��,�!û?@�������2�5��JC��$"���"����O�B£6á�§�¡2¤��3§iâG§ã�§"äH¤��3¥�ã�£�¤�å�§���æM¢�ç2ä�§¨£T��yH���3����+G���CI;�� �l���"�3���"+ �����+ �f46�8��������)����LZ����+ ���"��A���)ÛZ�(���+�+ �2�f��� �����+��,�! �"+��3��$�X��c�"�l���5�Z�Z�>���+�+ �2�f��� ������

+��,�! +Q���3����"4l$2�+ ���!*!#J2��?Q���T��+c=�?����(�+ ��¡9¤ ���B��ðÃåg�#-G��1���+ $"�3���+�+ �"�����,���C�Z�:Q ��s���"!*? �(�"�mQ�������+�+ �"�����,�C=���T�������46=��l���+�+ �f��� �����+��,�!BI��D�P?�����"+G�3���"4 J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �A��M!*�,+ �"����� -G����2�3�\��3�,4,����JA���,+ �3�+c�8�2�3�5���+ $*-G �*���i�)M��Z�Z�u���+u?����"!*���"��$"�3�,��Y"���Khi��!#J"4,������"�(�2�3�5���+ $#$"4F���,���"!#�"+.�(46� ��3�,4,�������3���+s���M4F�!K���3��Y"���)���"�3�3�,4��ZI

�C�

n�JC��$"���"�� ��¡5¤ä´7±t²t²m³ ��î!öÆè ��¡9¤ä´�´Kµt²t² æ½ç!ø ��ö�ø ¥5£7�J ¢�¶³ ó·��õ�öæ���ï êþêôç!ñ�õéö*íéø öéõÆýÇóþï ���«ö*ñ�öÆýþýÇö�� (¸H� àZ�Z� �C�ZàZ� îZî�Ûü$ñ�óþï õM¹«ï êþêþö�ù®ö�ñ2ýKº�ø4� í�����ï ø ï »�óþör�½¼ � Û�I�� Û�I,� ��Iïî ç!êþêþö�û�ö�õ�ð!ùJ»��«êôýÇï »«ø öt�Âý � î���= Ù �C��Ù �Z��î ç!êþêþö�û8� ��óôç!ñ�ï ��ùÃñ�ç ýM��óþö�øgñ«íéõ�öéêôêþç!ï óþöl�Âý � Ù.ÛZ� ÚZàZ� �Z��î�gç���� û�ö�õ�ð!ùJ»���êôýÇï ð!ñ¾� (¸�¿ ë ýD�|ÀhÁ �\ÂRÃ�ÄhŽ��ÂRÆ � � ÛZÛZßZ�Z� ÛZ�Z�Z�Z� àZ�Z�Z��gç���� û�ö�õ�ð!ùJ»���êôýÇï ð!ñ¾� (¸�¿ ë ýD�WÇ8È Å½ÃOÉh�hÆ � ÚZ©Z©Z� ÚZ©�î�� àZ�Z�Z�ú-ð!ñ�êôð!ù®ù®ç ýÇï ð!ñ7û8� �zÊNç ýP��ç!óK��ñ�ï ýÇí�û8� í�ñ�ö�óþî!ï öt�ÂýÆë�Ë ¸ ö ë ç!ñ � �Cà�Ù = Ù �CßZà�=�� �CÛZ��=��ú-ð!ñAýÇö�ñ���í�ñ�ö�óþî!í�ýþï �-��ö�û�ö*ø½� �zÊNç ý:öéñ�õÆè�õéø ö�ð���ÌAö�óôýr�ÂýÇö���ë ý � �C�Z�Z�Z� �C�ZÛZ�Z� �"ÙGî��Z�

µM£7�=½ �ZI�Û§� V1 Z�V �¡C¤ � �¨¢Ë£�¤�¢�ç"ä §¨£�â.§)¡�¥�ã�£"¥ZæTæ# Z¤�¢�¥�ãEâ�ä äG�3 �ã ¢�äGæ �>¦�ä � ç"äH¢Ë¦ ¢A���3§bá�¥�äH��ç"ä §�¦,ç"ä�§�£�� �  �¡2¤Õ§"äG�¨£ge,�Z�)fÕI

B��hQf�RQ i`@l,H8:@l,.,ª50[´8D*�@(,�@l!Í[´8:9�!?/�[ ' [�/:/23�/-,ª9<143A@(,Î#&%�;c@l!H#´@l!�/$# [ ;48�/�Ï�#WVÆ@�Ͼ/¾8:9�*J/:/A5�!#?@ 3�V�[?8:9�!?/-[H' !´9:/P[´8:@+3

7�4Q�6����f$2�+ �3����J"���"�C=�� ��+ �P4F�T������$" ���3���+E���2�P���2��������$2�2�f�"+������+��,�!B=�-G �)���2�P���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2��$2�!*!#�4F�(m 4,��Y"�������2��� �  �¡2¤Õ§"äG�¨£Ö�*ã�§"äH¤��3¥�ã�£)�V �á�¢�âG§¨£)��y����3���"+G�P��J:U�h�I dl�2�l���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�f?@�"�3!#�"�3�3�������"+.����� ��3�,4,�����"�4��2�P�3��G$¶�H�P��� �����+��,�! ��?�?Q����H�3�6=�-.��@���+.�P��J:U�h>������?��+��,��4��2�C=G?@���b?���H����,���)����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���*���"+i��3�,4,������+G���������������M4���?�4,����+��,�! ��y��3�����,�T���2�M��JC��$"���"����*$2�+G���"+.�3���+�+ �"4��¨��Ib7Õ4l�C�8�"+è�3��,�*��4�����*-. ��4��K?@����"+.�3���"4J"+ �"�3L�J"�3��-. �����2����J2���"�3���2��=c�"�����+ $#4F�i�����J2�����M�G���#�������3��-. �*���8��y�?�4���,�����3���+j���M46� �����+��,�!B=]���"�������"+G�!(�4,�3�,?�4,��J2�>?Q���5?���Y2�5��� �+&����$"���"��#�C�Z��IDdl�"?@�"+ � ��+.�T$2�2�)���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�>+ �M���+.�5?Q���(���U3������� X.��b$2�!M�?�J"�3�,�3�,���2���6��$2�*���y[��JC��$"���"�������$"�3 �"4��*��4��2����JC��$"���"����5����?������2�5���"�������"+G�5?�4, ��$2������"�yuh�$2�+ �3�3�3��,���*�"�46� �,+ �� �3�3�3���*+G $"4�JC���,���Z=�$2�!*!#�M�������M�,+ �� �3�3�3���Z=c�K�����,�)4��M$�X ���y&J2$2�+ �!*��-. �#���M$2�+G�3�,+. �"�>h���y��3�����,������*46� �����+��,�! +Q���3����"4_�"�(���*+ �*?Q����R� �¦,¥���¢F£C§���=c?�����46� �,+ ������+.�C=c4��2�>�3��H$Ý������� �����+��,�! ��?�?Q����H�3�6=D-G���C����$2$"�!(�4��"+G�CI�c����]���b4F�f�6�����3��$C���3���+*��>$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��Z=Z$Z�8�2�3�]�2�����"+.�3���"4,4��"!#�"+G�14��<?���H$2J2��Jb���8�"+��3��$�X��������"!#�"+.�b-.��H�2�3�

4��<?�4, �a$2������"�y@IZtG�.�+(?����"+ �>�"+(���3���_$2�!*?����l���14F��$2�+.���"���3���+M��(!*�,+ �"�����H��� �����+��,�!B=���� �c����3!#�b���].§�¦Ë¦,¥~Ð�¡� ~Ð�§5��}

3|

8��=C�"+�X J�y ��ú ��3����b��� �����+��,�!·����?����_hP4F������Ý� �3���+(L.��ÜC�" ������=��"�c4��b$2�+ ���,�3���+�+ �"!#�"+.�

m +Q��4 �"+M?Q���3�3�,4,4��2�<���P����2y�WH���f��� �����+��,�!B=�4��b?��3��yM��M!*�,+ �"����� ��� �����+��,�! + �P$2�!*?����A-. �l?@���1�"+.�H�,���+ÛZ�:Q ��B?��3��yE�� $2�!(�� ���3�,��4���+. $"4�JC���,���ZI�c�#?��3��y&���*���"�H���"+.�(�������4_����$å�Xg?���G����,�(?Q����4��2�5���2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�M��$"�3 �"4,4��2�T��J"?��"+ �u?@�"g��g?��3��y

��s$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��Z=D�"�K d^2¥��"¤�¢�¥Z�¨¢��"+ $2����#!#��,+ ����u?��3��y&��u!*�,+ �"�����b��� �����+��,�!BI]dl�"�3���#���"+ ���,���,4,�,��J*�2�3����+ $"�3���+����B?�4, �����"����K?Q������!#Y"�3���2�i���+.��4��B�����yÌ���[$2�!(�� �3�3���+��H����JZ=146�8�"+��3��$�X��������"!#�"+.�i��3�,4,����JZ=b4������$"���"��<���l$�XQ���3L����>4F�������J2�P���l�G���P���l4F��$2�"+G�3����4��ZI��D��?Q���3�3��$"�,?Q���3���+K��M$2����<��M!*�,+ �"��������� �����+��,�!� ��+ �D4��_?��3��y(���<���"�H���"+.�\����$å�X(���2�3���b���+ $<4,�,!*�,��J2�l�"�]���3���"�,+G�C=��C���2$_4��2�D���2$�X�+���-G �2�1��$"�3 �"4,4��2�C=�-G �"4�-G �2�

�Z�

?@����$2�"+.�CIq<+j���#�������¨��+.�M?�4, �T�������Z=D46� �����+��,�! +Q���3����"4P���[���"���"+��,�T?�4, �T$2������"�yèh ��y��3�����,�����"�>4���?��3��yS���

���"�H���"+.�P��T�$å�X�?���G����,�P� ��+ �l4��2�l��JC��$"���"����b+G $"4�JC���,���2����$"�3 �"4��l?��"��f���LZ!#�"+.���"�CI�9\���A���,4,4��"����C=H?Q����$2�-G �#4��2�(m 4,��Y"���2�Th + �"��3���+ �T����?������2�>�?��3�,!*�����"+.�M46� ��3�,4,�������3���+è��s!*�,+ �"�����6=]4F�B���"+ �3�,���,4,�,��J���S?��3��yS���$å�XE-.c�8�"4,4��2�f?���H��������"+G����E?��3��yi���)46� �����+��,�!­���"�����,�C=�?Q���f?��3�,+ $"�,?@�Z= ���"�y���������2�����)LZ����+ ���"��A?�4, ��6���,��4��ZI�7�4a���8�"+N�3��,�)-Gc���2���2$T46�����LZ!#�"+.�����3���+g?���J"�H���3�,��4��T��[?��3��yN���8��yH�3����$"�3���+u���T46� �����+��,�!B=��,4]��y����3����+*���"��,4 h�?Q���3�3�,�<�� -. �"4�4��2�]m 4,��Y"���2�1����?������2�1���"�H���"+ �����+.�b$2�!*?�J"�3�,�3�,���2�`ÑGh�$2�l!#�!#�"+G�<4Fh�=��,4H+c� WM��������,�?�4, �<��� �,+G��J"��`"�lh)��y��3�����,���A���f46� �����+��,�!ÿ+Q���3����"46=Z?������-G �A$2�2�1+ �����"4,4��2�1m 4,��Y"���2�_��3�,4,�����"�������"+.�b4��2�<�3��H$Ý������ �����+��,�!­��?�?Q����H�3�6Idl� ���"��,4��3��K4��E?��3��yw��Ì!*�,+ �"�����)��� �����+��,�!B=lh&?Q���3�3�,�i�� -G �"4A4�� �$å�XÌ?���H����,�K?Q�������2�K��JC��$��

���"����)����?������2�����"�H���"+.��$2�!*?@J"�3�,�3���l����$2�*���y[��JC��$"���"����>��$"�3 �"4��C=��2�3�5��J"4,��$C���(h��2�3�3�,!#�"�#���,4\��J"?@�"+ �u���$2�+G�3�����,+.���2�5!K��$"����ÕJ2$2�+ �!*��-G �2���"�)�2�3���������UV�"�3�3�1hK���2��?����LZ��Y2�)���2$�X�+���-G �2�5� ��+ ��4��2�����"�y[�ÕWH?��2�)������2$�X�+ �4��LZ���2�CIc9]���)m�y��"�5���2�5��������2�5���TLZ����+ ���"��C=��"+u?����"+Q��+.�5�+&?��3��yN�� �$å�XTÒF�3 ¨á�¢�â.§.ÓlÙ.�:Q­?�4, �$�X �"�P-G ��4���$2����P��T�$å�X�?���G����,�l?Q���f���2�Pn�q<9è���U3������� X.��6=�46�8��������)����LZ����+ ���"��A���?��3��yK!K��y��,!K��4���8��y��3����$"�3���+g���"�����,�����8�"+.�H�,���+gÙ.�Z�PÔ¾M-�HL�}>=��"+g$2�+ ������J"����+.���+ �*���"+ ���,���,4,�,��J*��u?��3��yN�� �$å�Xu��u?��3��y��i!*�,+ �"�����c��� �����+��,�! ����Ú:Q�=�����,�P�+ �)!>�4,�3�,?�4,��$C���3���+ ?Q���f�"+.�H�,���+[ßT��B$2�������$"�3 �"4c����46� �����+��,�!BI

ÎÐÏ�Õ �ïüÚ|ÃÔ~}�×ÝÜË{;ÿ ywü üË| x�y�{;|~}7üB��Rgf�2B "!´@$,N/�/P[´9:/:/A5�!Ö[H!?/-kf[?@H9�[×'Ù50! #?@q<+�ÛZ�(��+ �C=�4F�5?Q���3�b��K+. $"4�JC���,����� ��+ �_4F�)?���H�� $"�3���+i���8J"4��2$"�3�3��$"�,��J��"+�r�����+ $2���2�3�_?Q������J2�A����ß:Qí�"+

�Cà�î�Û�hA?�4, �]���lß�Ù*Qz�"+T�Z�Z�ZÛ�e��NfÕI�~�(�3WH�3X�!#�b���lÚ�h�©A��JC��$"���"���� ��¡9¤ $2�+ �3�3�3��,���]?Q���1��+>�����Cà�î�Ù)h(�CàZß��Z=46�8J2-G��,?��"!#�"+G�<+. $"4�JC���,�������P4F�)r�����+ $2�����8�2�3�\?������3��,�H��UV ��-.c�8�"+B�CàZß�îHI.�c�P�3WG�3X�!#���C�8�2�3�1����4��"+.�3���"+ �3��,���Z=?������-G �T�"+.�3���E�CàZß�î��"�*�CàZà��Z=����"�4��2�����"�yN�3����+ $�X �2���+G�5J"��JT$2�+ ���3�3��,���2�CI@~�N�������46= ¡9 �, ����J"!K���3��JZ=�"+G�3�����Cà�î�Ù��"�f�CàZàZà�=ZÚ�î ��¡9¤ I.ð�����$2�fh�$2�"�yH�Õ$"�6=�4F��r�����+ $2�f�2���1���U3������� X.��6=Z���l4���,+c=�4��l?Q�2W��1N�M46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���+G $"4�JC���,���(�2�3�A4F�#?�4, �A��J"?Q��+ �� �>�"���2�3�A4F�#���"�yH��Y"!#�(?����������+ $2�����(?���G�� $"�3���+N���8J"4��2$"�3�3��$"�,��J(+G $"4�JC���,�����g!#�+ ���Z=a�2���2$#�+ �#?����������+ $2�#LZ4���Q��4��#�,+ �3����4,4�J2�K���K©ZÛ �Z�Z�E%�åg�K�"���+ �*?���H�� $"�3���+j��+�+. �"4,4������46�8������������)Ù.�Z�#^å�X �Z= ����,�f�+B�����yi��� ��3�,4,���¨���3���+[���(î�Ú:Q �"+G�G�,���+cIB��Rgf�hQ iÐ@$*�50' 1I[ ,o/:/A1432@+Ø Ù�Ú�[H,~%'5��+ �(�+g��JC��$"���"��>���*��WG?@� ��¡9¤ =c4��#$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4�����J:UV���3+ ���"+s$2Ø)��(����Û hiÙ[��+ �(�"+G�G�,���+c=a�3����

�Z��+.�)4��>����$"���"��5���M$�XQ���3L��*�"�)4��T�����yN���T$2�!(�� ���3���+g�G����J2�CI@tH��!*����h��+ �T�,�3�������F���3���+u+ �"��3���+���-G ��,+G���"+ ���Z=Q4F�#+Q���3����M��[$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��>�Z�#J"���4, �"�*�Q4��2��+ �W.���y 4������������+.�)`"�3���>$2�+ ���!*!#J2��=����+�+Q��+G�+Q�������¨��+ $2��hE���2�>?���G����,���T���*mQ���3���+���9]I8rlIï�(�"�Th ���2�(�3����+ �������+����"+ �C=a���+G�(4��K?�4,����+��,�!B=]�"�T����3���2�

�C�

��$"�3�,+������2�>��?�?@�"4�J2�C=ch�$C�� ���*���M4��"��)�6���,��4��*-.Q��+G�3�,��JZ=�4��2����$"�3�,+������2�*æM¢Ëã@§�äG�¨£ ��~>I8%jIï��IDdl�2�5~TI8%SI@���+G�?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4��"!#�"+.�5$2�+ �3�3�,�3 J2�����2�A����Ý@J"���"+G���A��������?@�2�A����;�?c=�~�!ê�"��db!BI9]�"+ � ��+.�*���+j��J:UV���T�"+s��JC��$"���"��T46� �����+��,�! +c�8�2�3�(?Q���T�"+.�3��Y"���"!#�"+G�#$2�+ ���!*!#JZ=D4���$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��

��J#?@Z����Y2���K�"+S��Ý��"�(�+ �#���"+ �"��M�"+g��������?@�O� �AP�} ��������,+ �K��� �)Q�=a�"�>���+ $��3�?�J"�3���"�����hE4F�B���"+ �"��+Q���3����"4,4��ZI�dl�"?@�"+ � ��+.�b4��2�<?���H����,���_���PmQ���3���+#�"�<4��2�b��$"�3�,+������2�_!*�,+ �"����l��$2$"�!>�4�J2�b-G��Q���f$2�!*?@��3���"+.�$2�!*!#�>��� ����3�Q��+G���A+ �"��3���+���-G �2�C= ���"+ ���"+G���,+G��3�,4,��������4���4��5$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��� ��JZI~��,+ �3�6=C4��l$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��P ��Jb$2�+G�3���"+.�<���2�]!K���3��Y"���2�]����4���3���¨����4��2�1$2�!*!#�b46� �����+��,�!í�T4��_?�4,����+��,�!B=

������$2�2�1mQ���3�,4��2�<���8J"+ �"�3LZ���ZI.7�4��1?@�"����"+.�_`"�3������J"?Q����J2�b��m +K���8`"�3���A��3�,4,����J2�bh�+ �����C����"+*��JC��$"���"��C=.$2�A-G���2�3�_4���$C���_�"+�r�����+ $2�ZIrÛ�c�������H���"+.�V�6�,4����2�l���,���"���b$2�+ ���3�,�3Q��+.���P���$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4����,�3��������JA�+ ��������b$2�"4,����Õ$"���J2$�XQ���3L�JD�T;�� �f4�����J"�����,4,4��+ ��!K���,+.���"+Q��+.�CI

B��hgf�Rg i`@�/N8�9</Y/¾@l'Ù@l!�/Ü#?@l,�# %l*�=?@t/P,�c�������Ì���"�3�����,���"!#�"+.�E��w$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��[4��2�K9]I8rlI_L.��ÜC�"�yÌ���+.�����"4F��$�X J2��� ��+ �#46�����3!#Z�3?�X Y"���j���"+

?Q���3�3��$"�4,���"�A4��2�PL.��Ü)�,+ �"�3���2�f$2�!*!#�)4��Ã�G�3WH?����+���I�'T������3���2��=�$2�!*!#��46� ��H���)�i4����3�3�,�3�,�!ê���+.�f���"4F��$�X J2��"+B!#�"�C= N�E�,4������5���������4,���"+G���"+B���)!#J"4F��+�L��C��+.�5hT4��"����2�3?@Y2$2�5$�X��,!*��-G �ZI�c�2�*����3���2�M9]I8rlI\�"�T4��2�>~TI8%jIl��;�?c=a~�!ñ�"�#db!��>���+.�M$2�+ �3����J"��J2�#���U3������� X.��6=\����+ �*��!(���,LZtÝ���JZ=

$2�!*!#�����2�f��J2$�X �"���A+. $"4�JC���,���2�CI 7�4��P���+.�dR�¢�¤���¢ � � £�=�$Z�8�2�3�V��h��Õ���,����$2��4�J2�f� ��+ �����2�P���"�3���2�P�3��Y2�P��J2�3���3����+.����"�<�3?@J2$"��mQ-. �"!#�"+G�_J"�3 ����J2�\?����<�"!*?@`2$�X �"�<���8J"���"+G�3 �"4,4��2��æM¢ � �3 Z¤�¢�¥Zã�£P���P$2�2�\+ �W.���yM���"���\46�8�"+G�G�,���+�+ ���!#�"+.�)��yH��J"�3���"��)�� ���"�3���ZI@dl�"�3����RC¢�¤���¢ �b¡� Z¤�¢�¥Zã&$2�+ ���3�,�3 �>���U3������� X.��\�+ $2�+ ���,�3���+�+ �"!#�"+.��$2�+ ������J"��J$2�!*!#�>��J�m +��,�3���3I�dl�2��R�§"�¨��§¨£#¡�åH �ä�â�£T���+.�)���+ $(���2�3�3�,+ J2�T¢�ã��_ã�§T��N�3��H$Ý�Z��L��(�"+N$2� $�X �TL�J2�4��LZ��-G �?�������+ ���Z=DN�u4��2�)?�����Q�����,4,�,��J2�(��� �+gJ"���"+.�3 �"4_���"�����(���*$2�2�5��J2$�X �"���(���"���)46�8�"+.�H�,���+�+ �"!#�"+.�M���+.����yH��3��`"!#�"!#�"+.�f�6���,��4��2�CI�7�4����"!>��4������UV������� XG����3��Y2�f����üK$"�,4��5���8�"+.�H������L��"�f4F�(���"?��3�����5����$2�2�P���"�3���2�P?@���f�"+��yH�3�����,����4��2�<+ �W.���yK-.�� ?@���3�������"+.�P`"�3���f�3����+ �3!>���J2����$Z�8�2���V��h��Õ���,�����3����+ �V����3!#J2�_�"+K+ CW.���y��3������4��2�b�h��G���M$2���3�����)� ��+ �)4��2����JC��$"���"�������&����3��CI��D�T$C����=@?Q���3�3��$"�4,���"�>h�4F��r�����+ $2�Z=c��u?�4,����+��,�!û-G��1�2�3���J"?Q����J5?@����`"�3���)��J"��3�,4,����JZ=��2�3�A��J"�����,4,4�J5?Q���A4F�M�3��,���ZI

B��hgf��� i`9 67@(,�/:/250!�# [Û;43�[�/¾50!4/-[ ' @l!×Þ´8:9�! *�@�c��?Q����$�������+�hC�����f������JC��$"���"����P+G $"4�JC���,���2��hT�C��i4�J"L�Y"����?���H����,�A�"+.�H�,���+u�C�>���+�+ �2�f����?�4,����+��,�!

?Q���_��+cI.dl�P?�4,����+��,�! �2�3�1$2�+.���"+G�� ��+ �\4��2�1$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��2� �J��À �,�3��������J2�CIZ�D�)r�����+ $2������J2$"����J�� ��+ �\4��2���+�+ J2�2�A�Cà�î��)���l?���J"?Q�����"�<�+ �P�3����+ �3�,�3���+#���P����?@�4,�,�3��-. �P+G $"4�JC���,���f���"���1���2�\��JC��$"���"����<�3��3L�J"+ J"�������"�����"+j$"W�$"4��������+��,�!²�����+G�T4��2�>?��������ÕWH?@�2�T���+.�Mn���? ��H�����Z=D91X J"+���yj�ètG�?@�"�3?�X J"+���y ��=\��m +v���#!*���"�y��3�,4,�����"�f4���!*�,+ �"�����������+��,�!ñ��$��b�ZI���I,����I�7�4c�>���+ $5J"��J)��J2$"����J5�������"�3�����,���"�A4��2�P$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2� �J��À ��J2���m +u���8�"+N��y��3�����,���(4��(?�4,����+��,�! + J2$2�2�������,���M��[$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��*���2����JC��$"���"����5����3L�J"+ J"�������"����CIcdl�!*!#��+i4����¨���,�C=G4F�T��J2$"���3���+E?@�4,�,�3��-G ������!#�"�3�3����m +B���y�?����LZ����!*!#�2�A���2�P��JC��$"���"������3��3L�J"+ J"�������"����A����4F�r�����+ $2�#�K4F��������JT���"�3�3��Y"���T�"4,4��T�+ �T�,+��������3�3�3 $"�3����T?���`"���M��N���"�3�����,���"!#�"+.�>���2��$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��2� �J��À ���a�

�CÛ

k)��LZ �����"�(h�4F���������3��$C���3���+j���2�5$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��2�Mh��Q�����*���M?�4,����+��,�!²��%N����$2��4�����Ic~�m +g���*�Z��4���3�����"�$2�"�3���5�,+��������3�3�3 $"�3����Z=�4���?����LZ����!*!#� ­���À ���)���2$"W�$"4F��L�����B?�4,����+��,�!­�"+ ��¡5¤ �*J"��J)4F��+ $2JZI¼(ß,×`ßÇ`ß�¼ ½fô�ÀDÏ�Å�Â�Å�ÉCÄ�Ï�Å�Ê�¿�Ç]¾BÁ�Ê�ÓNÍ\ÀDÉCÏ�ÅËÍ\Â�¾.É ­���À à Í]Ä�ÉC¾ Ç]¾��\Â�ÀcÏCÊ�¿aÅ�À]Ó~��U3������� X.��6=@4��>?�4,����+��,�! �����3&���>4F��?�4,�?Q���3�5���2�5$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2��})|c� ��J2�*���"+.�H�,���+sßZ�:Q*���2�3�

�,+ $2��3?@���J�� ��+ �b4���$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4���h(2y�WH����!*��yH���������+��,�!M�6?�4,����+��,�!û� ­���À ��=G�"�_���2$"WH$"4�J�� ��+ �b�Z� ��¡9¤ä´±t²t² =�-G���$2�+G�3���"+�+ �"+.����4�����l46�8J2-G��,����4��"+G�f���8�"+.�H�,���+EÛ>��+�+ J2�2�f���A?���H�� $"�3���+�������+�hC������������?�4,����+��,�!BI�c��$2�!(�� ���3�,��4�� ­���À �2���>�+v2y�WH����!*��y����������+��,�!M�6?�4,����+��,�! ���+.�M4F�B���"+ �"��*�"+j?�4,����+��,�! �2�3����8�"+G�G�,���+Eî¾Q�=��"�b-G�����3�,4,���������A46� �����+��,�! ��?�?Q����H�3�6I.�<� ��3�,4,���¨���3���+��� ­���À $2�+.�3�3�,�� �)���,+ �3��h������3+��,�ß:Qñ����4F�N?����������+ $2�iJ"4��2$"�3�3��-G �i+. $"4�JC���,���i������+�hC�������E�"�M?��"�3!#�"�#���8J2$2�+ �!*�����"�KhN?��"v?���Y2�M4���!#`"!#�?@����$2�"+.����L��g��� �����+��,�!Þ+Q���3����"46I�tH�+��,!*?Q��$"� ���2�3���&���+ $&4,�,!*�,��Ju�3��i46�8J2$2�+ �!*���u��� �����+��,�!BI�t�� �,4?@�"�3!#�"�_��������������_�+ �����,!*�,+.��3���+E$2�+ �3����J"������4��)������4,�!#�����2�l��J2$�X �"���P���AXQ������)��$"�3�,�H�,��J����2�3�3�,+ J2�Ph4F���G�,�3�3��mQ$C���3���+c=H�,4�������bL.�������"�fh�46�8�2�3?��3�,�P-. ��4��2�b$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��2� ­���À �,�3��������J2�P���+.�P$2�+ �3����J"������4��"!#�"+.�?�4, �f�����������$"�3������-G �)4��2� �J��À ��J2�C=�$2�5-G��c���"+ �E4��"��A�"+G�3���"?�Z�¨��L���?�4, �A��J"4,��$C���CI~��U3������� X.��l4��2� ��¡9¤ -G��_��3�,4,�����"+G�M4�� ­���À ���+.�C=D�ÕWH?���-. �"!#�"+G�C=1$�XQ���3L�J2�*�2���2$�$2�K��WG?@�K����$2�!M�

�� �3�3�,��4��[��Ì�3���"���#���E4��"��K$C��?Q��$"�,��JZIPdl�2$"�A���"?���J2���"+G��� �+è�,+G���"+.�����,���N�,+��,�3�F��4����8�"+.�H�,���+��u���+�+ �2�K���?�4,����+��,�!BI@�D��?���H�� $"�3���+u��+�+G �"4,4��M�������4��>���>?�4,����+��,�! $"�,�H�,4]�"+N��JC��$"���"��5J"4��2$"�3���L�Y"+ �M?��"��)���+ $`"�3���*�"+u?��3�,+ $"�,?@��ÒF� � £"¥Z�$� � §.Ó�� ��+ �)4��M?Q����$K���M��JC��$"���"�����-.��1��3�,4,�����"+.��4��M?����LZ����!*!#� ­���À ID�D�i$2�!M��� �3�3���+[��B?�4,����+��,�!­�"+ ­���À +c�8�2�3��$2�"?@�"+ � ��+.��?Q���A�������4��K�Q���"�4�Ù.�:Q·���546�8J"4�J"!#�"+G��?�4,����+��,�!ì�2�3�$2�+ ���!*!#JZ=��"+T4F����������+G�]�+ �l���"+ �"��1���8�"+.�H�,���+*Ù*Q{�"+>?�4,����+��,�! � ��+ �]4��2�\$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��2� ­���À �,�3��������J2�CI~f$"�3 �"4,4��"!#�"+G�C=]4��K$2�!(�� ���3�,��4�� ­���À �,�3��������JK+c�8�2�3�>?Q�������"�3�����,��JZI]~�?���Y2�(4��"��>��J:U3���>�"+s��JC��$"���"��C=

4��2�K�������"!(��4F��L��2� ­���À ���+G���"+G�3���"?�Z��J2���"+Ì?�����$"�,+ �[���E��������������������"!#�"+.�C=l�"+����3���"+G���[��� �+ �[��J2$"���3���+$2�+ $2�"�3+Q��+G�*4��"��T����3�CI<tG�l4��K?����LZ����!*!#� ­���À $2�+G�3�,+. �Bh �,�3���������"�T4���?�4,����+��,�!é�����3v���2�M})|c�T=\h46� X ��3�,ÜC�+è�Z�Z�Z��=a� �����ihE4F��-G �"4,4���4��K?Q����$���$"�3 �"4l������JC��$"���"����>������+�hC�����M$2�!*!#�"+ $2�"���&hB��J2$"������3���Z=]4F�-GQ���3�@�������4,�,��J5��E?�4,����+��,�! $"�,�H�,4�������+�hC�����A���"���M��4�����A$2�+G���"+. � ��+ �A4��2�f$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��2� ­���À �,�3��������J2�CIdl�2$"�����"?���J2���"+.���"�����,� �+��,+G���"+.�����,���u�������45���8�"+G�3���gÛZ�Z�S�"��Ù.�Z�S���+�+ �2�E��� ?�4,����+��,�!¯���&���"�y���Y"!#�L�J"+ J"�����3���+S����?���Y2���+B?����"!*���"�A?Q�����¨��L����"+ ­���À ��I;�� ������?�?��"4��+ �5h*?���J2���"+.�5-. �"4�-G �2��J"4�J"!#�"+.���5�����Q�����>���(4F�#?�XGWH�3��-G �T���2����JC��$"���"�����+. $"4�JC���,���2�

��m +B���5!*���"�yB$2�!*?����"+ �����>$2�"�3���5?������4�J"!K���3��-. �ZI

ÎÐÏ-á â ywÿ¶|É}7ÿ�ÚÁü1� Ò~üäã �;|~}c�1ÿ �;|É|~ü@ýþüË|�� ÒTàAÔ~| y<ÜË{;}D�1ü�Ô�yn|ßÔÉ}�×ÝÜË{;ÿ¶y�ü åtæ Î&ÕHçKèæ Î éHç.è æ Îzê�ç�ë

'5��+ �T�+�JC��$"���"��*+. $"4�JC���,���Z=_����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���E�2���T4,�,�@J"��J2��?Q���M4��2�TmQ���3���+ �M���2�M+ CW.���yv4��������M?���J�����"+G���b� ��+ �l4���$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��ZI��a�($�XQ��4��"��A-.c�8�+���J2$"�?�Y"�����H���"+.�f�2�����"+G�3���"4,4��"!#�"+.�A�������4��"+.�3�������"!#�"+G�A���2�

�"Ù

?���G����,���)����mQ���3���+c=����"+ �� ��!#����,4��2��?Q����4F�K��JC��$"�3���+&����mQ�������+c=Q� ��+ ��4���!K����J"�3�F��u$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��ZI@}�++ CW.��N4������E?@�"�����Ý��2$"�3�,���"!#�"+.��mQ���3���+�+ �"����?���Y2���+[��?�?���3����yH��J"�3���"������546�8J"+ �"�3LZ����+ J2$2�2�������,����?@�����$"�,+ ���"��4���+ CW.��&�"+[���"�y�IQ'5��+ ���+ ��JC��$"���"��C=@$2�"����?�?@��3�����8J"+ �"�3LZ���M��N+ CW.��&�2�3��������"+G[?Q����46�����������3?��3���+S��� �+S+ �"��3���+cID�c�#+ CW.��v$2�!*?�Z��JK�2�3�>���,+ �3�1����3!#J#� ��+ �(�+sJ"�����>��y�$"�,��JZ=c�"�($2�"�3����J"+ �"�3LZ������8��y�$"�,�����3���+[?��"���`"�3�����3�üK����+G���5?����A������+ $�X��,��4F� �3 �����¢!����§*â.§ �1£¨£¨¢�¥�ã[�� + CW.�� $2�!*?@Z��JZI �D�*��JC��$���3���+����PmQ���3���+#L�J"+ Y"������4�����b�"+K����3�3�������"�yß^��3  � æK§�ãQ¤�£�âG§��1£�£�¢�¥�ã�=���������3���2�b+ �"��3���+ �b4,�,�����2������h�Û5?Q���mQ���3���+���=G+ J2$2�2�������,���2�Ph54F����JC��$"�3���+��"+�$�XQ����+ �Z=��"�b����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���ZIH~�46�8��3�,LZ�,+ �)����$2�"�3����J"+ �"�3LZ����4,�,��J"��J2���2�3�4��>��J��6����5���(!K�������Z=��&J"+ �"�3LZ���M���(4,�F�������+c=�-G��]�2����?�4, ���,!*?���3����+G�5?�����4��2��������LZ!#�"+G���5����mQ�������+ �C=��?�?���2y��,!K���3�,���"!#�"+.�5���5!#��,�3��J5?�4, ��4�J"L��"���A-G �)4��5+ CW.��N-.��@mQ�������+�+ �#�Ëm LZ����K�ZI�Ú���I

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZI�Úu�Talã�§�� � ¢6§Mâ.§(¦ ¢� �¢Ë£"¥�ã#á� ���ãQä�¡"¦ � ¥�ãsâ. �ã�£5äGãNã�¥N]� �äNâ.§(æ* �£�£2§�ìÖ��@������

9]���5m�y��"��4��2������J2�2�C=@?�Z���+ �5-. �M46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���#���T4,�F�������+S�2�3�5���8�"+.�H�,���+Sß�=�Ûi%[�2�dM�+G $"4�J2�+s?@���5�++ �!(�����)����!K�������A��������,+����>�"Ù.�>��4�����l-.c�8�"4,4����2�3�b������3�,+ �����pîH=�Ú(?����b�+�+ �!>�����)���A!K���������ZÛZÚ�IGq<+���)¡� �£�£2 �ãQ¤a�"+>���"�y(!#���$2�C���yM�3WG!#J"�3�3��-G �2�]4��<+ �W.��M���b!K�������P�ZÛZÚ�4,�,��J"���"�����,�<��4�����1��=�ß�%N�A�¥M�+. $"4�J2�+c=����,�>�CßZß�%N�A�MIQq1+[��JC��4,�,��J(4F�*mQ���3���+[�2�����+ ?���H$2�2���3 �����3WH!#J"�3�3��-. �T�"��4F�K�����3�3�3�,����3���+N�"+[!K�������>���2�?���G����,��������mQ���3���+E���)4F�(mQ���3���+g¤�å�§���æM¢�ç2ä�§(���)46��� �APV} ?���J2���"+G�������"�y��3¥�£�£C§¨£(������������2�P+ �!(�����2�����!K�������PàZ���"�l�"Ù.�M�Ëm LZ����)�ZI�©���I�|�+M���"�3���"+ ������$2�"?@�"+ � ��+.�1�+ �PJ"+ �"�3LZ���l�3X �"�3!*��-. �l��J2$"�?@J"������4��l���8�"+G�G�,���+�Z�Z�*%N�A�´?Q���PmQ���3���+cI�D��mQ�������+T4,�,�@Y"���f���2�\+ �"��3���+ �<-G��6=Zh�4��"��\�����C=�?@�"����"+.�1?������G-G �"�_��������3���2�]mQ���3���+ �1����\��������3���2�

+ CW.���yS��j$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��ZI<|�+S���"�3�����������,+ �3�_4��#?��3�,+ $"�,?@�����*4F�g� �  �¡2¤�¢�¥�ã�§�ãÌ¡�åH KíËã�§2I]dl�"�3������JC��$"�3���+�"+u$�XQ����+ �M����,�5`"�3���(!K���,+G���"+. �#�"+N���"�,4,4F��+.�(hK46�8J2-.��,4,�,�����T+ �"��3���+���-G �M��N��JC��$"���"��CI@~�m +N���>?��3�,�H�,4�J��LZ���"�54��2����JC��$"�3���+ �����>mQ���3���+c=�L�J"+ J"�����3�3��$2�2�����8J"+ �"�3LZ���*�"�5���T+ �"��3���+ �C=��3��)4��2�5����3���2������3���)-. �T?@�"��$2�+�+Q�����3���T�+[+ �"��3���+u� ��+ ���+ ��JC��$"���"��#��?��3�,+ $"�,?Q��4��"!#�"+.�(4F�#$C��?��3����T�������F���3�,���M�3���4��T$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��Z=

�CÚ

50 100 150 200

A (nombre de masse)

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Ta

ux

de

pro

du

ctio

n p

ar

fiss

ion

uranium 233

plutonium 239

> ��Ä+½ �ZI�©u�T_ � á� ��"¤�¢�¤�¢�¥�ãs§�ãNæ* �£�£2§Tâ.§�£bá��V¥CâZäG¢�¤�£Tâ.§ �1£¨£¨¢�¥�ã*á�¥ZäG��¦, |�1£�£�¢�¥Zã[¤�å�§���æM¢�ç2ä�§Tâ.§(¦Ýä äH�V Zã ¢ËäHæ*I

4��2�(��� ����3?��3���+ �(�3��J"�3�,4��2��� ��+ ��4��2���3�3�3 $"�3����2�(�u4��2��?��"�3���2�5?Q��������,���2�¨��=�� ��+ �(�+u��JC��$"���"�� �E£6á�§3¡C¤��3§â.§�ã�§�ä�¤��3¥�ã�£(¤�å�§���æM¢�ç2ä�§¨£"= 4��)?��3�,+ $"�,?@�(�2�3�A���)����4��"+G�3�,��4��2�f+ �"��3���+ ��J"!*���f?Q���fmQ���3���+s���2���2$(�+ �5�����3�3�3�������3���+u%&��yJîl�"4,4,���"+�+ �*$2�"+.�3��J2�#������������M��%N�A���<U: ��-.c��h����2�)J"+ �"�3LZ���2�*¤�å�§���æT¢�ç"ä §¨£[���"+u���2����� �)���46�8J"4��2$"�3���+��6���4,�¨��=@���y�-G �"4,4��2�A4F�MmQ���3���+ ���5+ �W.�� � �AP } ���)����,�����C����3����J2�5?Q���A����?�?@��3��hM4F�#$C��?��3����(���46��� ��¯3}TI�D�&����4��"+.�3�������"!#�"+G�[���2�E+ �"��3���+ �[���[�����,�E?Q���B$�X G$2� �3 $2$2�2���3�����E�3��E�+x!K����J"�3�F��p4�J"L��"� ��?�?@�"4�J

æ#¥Câ � �V Z¤Õ§"äG�"I�'5��+ ���+ ��¡9¤ =Q46�8�C��[�� $"�,��$"��,��?��3�,!K���,���fU3� �54��5����4��(����!#G��J"�������"������2�A+ �"��3���+ �CI��D����"+ �"��M�"+S� �APV}þ���#46� �����+��,�! +Q���3����"4P+c�8�2�3�>��������������T?Q���>���üK����+.����?@���T-G �K$2�"4,����Õ$"�f����,�>��3�,4,����J���"4_-G �"4_� ��+ �>���2����JC��$"���"����MhE�C��g4�J"L�Y"��� �c4F�i!#G��J"�����3���+j���2��+ �"��3���+ �>?Q����46� X.W������L�Y"+ �����*46�8�C���C����$2$2�!*?Q��LZ+ ��������� ����3?��3���+ �l���A+ �"��3���+ �_����_$2�"4,����Õ$"��-G�� ���"+ ���"+.�l4��f���,4F��+�+ �"��3���+���-. ����J����C���������4��hg4F�w¡"��¢�¤�¢�¡"¢�¤ ��ï ��w��JC��$"���"��CIP9]����`"�3���v¡"��¢�¤�¢�ç"ä §"=_�+���JC��$"���"��Bhg�C���4�J"L�Y"���[����,�����+ $ ��3�,4,�����"�i���46� �����+��,�! §"ã �¨¢�¡�å.¢�I

ÎÐÏ�ð �ïü1�zÒÉü�Ô?ñ�}0ò�}�׶ü1� ÒÁÔ }7��ý ÕSÔT���1ÿ�ÕS׶ü9\����¡�]�¡"¦�§�â�äs¡�¥�æ���äG£�¤�¢A��¦�§�óK�+g��� �V�Õ�"+.���"+ �g��$"�<4F�i$�XQ����+ �#���M��JC��$"�3���+ �>���*$C��?��3����*+ �"��3���+���-G �

�"�����(��J2$"�����������+ $2�2�β−-.��D!#Y"+ �"+.�5hM4F�*$"��JC���3���+c=���� �f�,�3�������F���3���+&�"+ ��JC��$"���"��C=Q��� �+[+ CW.��A�1£�£�¢Ë¦�§

° 1 �� A�«­ À �L¨«­A¡Â A¡�¨�¡Â A§� !­2µg¤)¯ª¡Â 7º�� À µ½¡�£$ A¡ �«£ß¤ªµ¶£ª�7º��L A� À ³ª�<¤-��º µ4­A§�µ¶¨« A¡�¢g£d��£Z¨�©ªµ�ô £ª���Aµ¶£ª��¤-¡�¹��«­A²½��£ª¨«��¤-��¨��«º º��«¿�¨�¡ÇÍP 1 ° µ¶¨�¨���³) A¡�¢g£�³¾��¯- �µ½¯-�!�!¡��!¢½¯ª� ¿���£$ A��£ª¤)­A�´ºÇ° �«£ª�!� À 3ªº��>¤)����¢½³¾§«­2µ¶ A¡�¢½£ª��¡�£N¤)¯ª�  !­A¡���º�º�����µ½¯) A¢g¯)­�¤-¯d¨«¢ À 3-¯ª�  A¡43ªº��c<¾¤-�?ºÆ° ��=&¿ !­2µ½¨« A¡�¢½£d¤-¯ À ¡ £-�«­2µ½¡D_>º µ À ¡�£-�c<o_>º µ²g���  A¡�¢g£ß¤-����¤-§«¨�©-�« A��Í�C©

h�?Q���3�3�,�(��� �+g+ �W.��g!K��UV��3�,�����,���"!#�"+G�(?���J2���"+G�C=c-G��<�2�3�C=chi$2�M!#�!#�"+.�C=a$2�+ �3����J"��J#$2�!*!#�M4��*+ �W.��^2§"��¤�¢�¦,§>��B$"W�$"4��ZI ~�E�������46= �+B+ �5$2�!*?����(-G �5-GQ���3���5+ CW.���yõ�1£¨£¨¢�¦,§¨£�öZIQdl�"�yH�Õ$"�D���+G�(�

•� �!� }

, (T1/2 ' 160 × 103ans)

•� �AP }

, (T1/2 ' 700 × 106ans)

•� ��÷39<

, (T1/2 ' 24 × 103ans)

•�5° � 9<

. (T1/2 ' 14.35ans)

�c�2�����"�y�$"W�$"4��2�i���$2�!(�� ���3�,��4��u-.c�8�+�?��"��i��4�����������"+.�3��mQ�"�B���+G��$2�"4,��)��� 46� �����+��,�!Þ�"�i���3X ��3�,�!ñ�ó¥�cÁ.Â�¾[Ça¾ Â�ô ( Æ�Ä ¿aÅ�À]Ó

� ��¯ } b{+=⇒

� ��÷ } β−(23,5min)=⇒

� ��÷ ;�? β−(2,3j)=⇒

� ��÷ 9<ó¥�cÁ.Â�¾[Ç]ÀÓ���aÊQÆ�Å�À]Ó

� �A� ^PX'b{+=⇒

� �!� ^PX β−(22,3min)=⇒

� �!� 9]� β−(27j)=⇒

� �!� }�c�2�����"�yB+ CW.���y ���"�3�3�,4��2����[$"W�$"4��������+��,�! �"���3X ��3�,�!ë���+G�����2�3?@�2$"�3�,���"!#�"+.�)46��� ��¯�}é�"��46��� �A�V^PXD=

!K��UV��3�,�����,���"!#�"+G�_?���J2���"+G���<� ��+ �\4��l!*�,+ �"�����Q$2��3���2�3?@�+ � ��+.�CI��D�2�\+ CW.���y*���,���Pã�¥N]� �ä¾ã&�1£¨£¨¢�¦,§�£fâ�ä�¡�]�¡"¦,§2=���+.�P��4�����<4�� � ��÷ 9<(=Z?@���14��A$"WH$"4��A�����+��,�!B=.�"�<46� � �!� }­?@���<4��A$"W�$"4��f�3X ��3�,�!BIHtG� 46� �,+ �� ���3�3���A+. $"4�JC���,�����$2�!*!#�"+ $2JP?Q���\��y�?�4���,���"�14��P$2�!(�� �3�3�,��4��Ah��Q�����l��� �����+��,�! $Z�8�2�3�]?Q����$2�f-Gc� �,4G+ �l?@�������,�\?Q���1�"+M`"�3�������3���"!#�"+.�(�H46��� �APV} �2���l4������"�4@+ CW.��imQ���3�,4���?���J2���"+.�f+Q���3����"4,4��"!#�"+.���3��P���"�3���ZIH�D��$"W�$"4��)����46� �����+��,�!�s���,+ �3��?��`"�3���[��J"!K���3��J[�"+Ì��3�,4,���¨��+.��4��2�#mQ�������+ �K���B46� � �AP } �"�i�&?@�"�3!*���K4��B��J"����i���B46� �,+ �� ���3�3���+. $"4�JC���,���B�c���U3������� X.��1��� ��4��2�)��JC��$"���"�����J"4��2$"�3���L�Y"+ �2����y����3����+.���546� ��3�,4,�����"+.�CI��c�*$"W�$"4��M��u�3X ��3�,�!+ �(?@���Z���,�C=����yB��J"������)����46�8Y"����+G $"4�JC���,���Z=@�"+N�� $"�+[$C����`"�3���(��J"!K���3��JT����+ �������3?@Z���"���� ?���JC��4F����4����� �+E+ CW.��imQ�����,4��Z=H�"�f�+ ���,+ �� �3�3�3���)�Q����J�����l�+E$2�!>�� �3�3�,��4��(h>�Q�����)���)�3X ��3�,�!ñ§"¤l��� �����+��,�! �ZÛZÚ��J"?Q����J(��4,4F���,��$2�+G�3���������A�@�+B���"+ �f?������3��-G ���"��J2$2�+ �!*��-G �ZI

ÎÐÏ-é �ï{ y<Ü á ÜË|ÁÜ®y�{f�1ÿ¶�;| ÒÉü ׶{`ýþ{P��ÿ�ø®y�üúùM�Q�1ÿÝ׶üÚüË|ey<ÜË{;}D�1ü�Ô�y}�+K$"�3�,��Y"�����2�����"+.�3���"4@h54F�5����������,4,�,��J����f46�8J"+ �"�3LZ����+. $"4�JC���,�����2�3�<4F�*� �!��� ã � �3 Z¤�¢�¥ZãS���K�����L�J"+ J"�����3���+c=

�g£�äG� ��� ã � �V Z¤�¢�¥�ãs�� $C����N�B46�8�+[$"��J2��?�4, ������!K���3��Y"����mQ���3�,4��5-Gc�8�+ +c�8�"+ $2�+ ���!*!#���f����4F�*!K���3��Y"���mQ���3�,4��P$2�+ ���!*!#J2�l?Q���1���2�\$"��JC���3���+ �1���b+ �����C���yT+ CW.���y>mQ���3�,4��2�CI��c�l?��3�,+ $"�,?��P���l4F����J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+#������G���"+G�bh�$2�+ �3����J"���"�<4F��!K���3��Y"���P���"�3�3�,4��P$2�!*!#�A������$2�P�,+ ���,���2$"���f���8J"+ �"�3LZ���A���lmQ�������+c=�?������-. �P�+*+ �W.��û 1 �� A�«­ À ��ü�ýYý-þ·ÿ��´���  7­A§��!��­A¹�§�¤�° ¯-�Aµ½²g�?µ¶¯o=`£ª¢�Ê&µ¶¯o=г¾¢g¯-¹gµ¶£$ ��N�!�!¡�¢g£-£ª�«­��!¢g¯-�7ºÆ° ¡ À ³Nµ¶¨« �¤�° ¯ª£`£ª�«¯- !­A¢g£Zº���£$ �Í

��î

���"�3�3�,4��A?@�"��C=�?Q���P��J�m +��,�3���+c=G$"��J2�"�l�+K+ �����C��i+ �W.��KmQ�����,4�����?���Y2�l$C��?��3������������F���3�,���)�"�b��J2$"�����������+ $2����2�b?���G����,���l�,+G���"�3!#J2���F���,���2�CI dl�"4F��?����"+ �������P���+K�,+G��J"��`"�l4������-.c�8�+i$2�+ �3����Y"����4��2�_?����?@��3�3���+ �f� ��+ �4��2��-G �"4,4��2�P4F�M!K���3��Y"���)���"�3�3�,4��5��y����3���5� ��+ �f4F�T+Q���3����#���"+G�G�,���+s�C�Z�>������f?�4, �A���¥� ��¯3}T=�� ÛZ�Z�>������f?�4, ���� � �A� ^PXc=�-G �5��� � �AP }TI'5��+ �f4��($C���A�� $"W�$"4�����B�3X ��3�,�!B= 4F�*?�J"�3��H���)�����������$"�3�,���(+ �+ + J"LZ4,�,L��C����4�������î�U3�����¨�P��B+ �W.��

�,+G���"�3!#J2���F���,��� � �!� 9]�T���"+ �i4��2�P$C��?��3����2�f+ �"��3���+���-G �2�f?�4, �f�3�,LZ+���mQ$C���3�,���2���3��l$2�"4,����Õ$"�6=��"+i��J2���������+G�A4��+ �!>���������5+ CW.���yB����� �!�39\�#-G���?@�"����"+.���"+ ��Ý��"�A��J2$"������3�������"���A46��� �!��}>IB����f�2B iÐ9 8D%�6`%l! %�8:9:/:/A50!�#&%�;c@l! #���578P/N@('Ó@(!0/�#H[×,ª;c@l*J/¾8:@H@(!�%l!´@�8�6�/A@)#´@l, !´@l[&/¾8:50! ,9]���M-. �K4F�B$2�+ ���,�3���+v���#��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+è����,�>�¨���3���V�����,���Z=D�,4<�6����ThB4F�i������>�"+G�3���"���"+��,�T4F�B��JC��$"�3���+

�"+g$�XQ����+ ����g��JC��$"���"��>�"�5�����,������g!#��,+ �>�������+G�>���#$C��?��3����2�T�3��54��*+ �W.��g���"�3�3�,4��#-. �K���*+ CW.���ymQ�����,4��2�l�+G�A�����3?Q���3cI�q1+i���������+�+Q��+G���3��P�+i!#G��Y"4����3��Y2�f�3�,!*?�4,��mQJ�hT���"�y�+ �W.���y@=�4��)+ �W.��imQ���3�,4��)�"�4��f+ �W.������"�3�3�,4������$"W�$"4��Z=.�+K?@�"��b��J"���"�3!*�,+ �"�P�3��4F�5��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+E�2�3�_�"+�?��3�,+ $"�,?���?�Z���3�,��4��A�K+ �+i�"+$2�!*?Q������+G��4��(+ �!(�����T����+ �"��3���+ ��?���G����,�����"��$2�+ ���!*!#J2��IQq\��2$"�3 �+ ��4��5���,4F��+N����+ �"��3���+ ��?@����+ ��mQ�������+s�

•}�+ ��mQ���3���+E?���H����,�

ν+ �"��3���+ ��I q14,4����"+ $2�+ ���!*!#�#�ZI

•9\���lmQ���3���+��,4�W��(�"+�!#CW��"+�+ �

α$C��?��3����2�P+ �"��3���+���-. �2�f�3��l4���+ CW.��imQ���3�,4��M���2���2$

α = σcσf

��+ �W.��BmQ�����,4��Z=�N�

σc�"�

σf���+.�f4��2�����2$"�3���+ ����üK$C��$2�2������$C��?��3������"������mQ�������+���I

9]���b$�XQ��-. �AmQ���3���+c=(1+α)

+ CW.���y*mQ���3�,4��2�_�+G�b���+ $�J"��J�$2�+ ���!*!#J2�C=.�"�b����,���"+.�P`"�3���A��J"L�J"+ J"��J2�?Q���

(1 + α)$C��?��3����2�>�3���4��M+ �W.��g���"�3�3�,4��ZIa|�+S�E���+ $#$2�+ ���!*!#J[ �äuæM¢�ã ¢ËæMäHæ*=��"������+ �($2�!*?����"�

4��2�M�,+ J"�H�,������4��2�*?@�"�3���2�#�"�*$C��?��3����2�#?Q�������3�,���2�C=<��è�������42(1 + α)

+ �"��3���+ ��I<7Õ4l�6����#���+ $B�2����,�#�+ã�¥Zæ��"�3§(æM¢ËãQ¢ËæMäHæ­â.§(ã�§�ä�¤��V¥Zã�£>â�¢Ë£6á�¥�ãQ¢!��¦�§¨£"=

Nd=�?�������JC��4,�����"��$2�5�����yE!*�,+��,!(�!���$C��?��3����>�3��A4��

+ �W.������"�3�3�,4��)��E$"WH$"4��ZIH'5��+ �P��� �b4��2�P$C���C=Nd����,�f`"�3���)�3�?@J"�3���"��Ah>�>?@���l-G ��46� �����L�J"+ J"�����3���+B����,�

?@Z���3�,��4��ZI��D�M$2�+ ���,�3���+N���5��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+c= + J2$2�2�������,���Z= �C�8J2$"�3�,�����+ $K�

Nd = ν − 2(1 + α) > 0�V�ZI,���

7�4��2�3�f�,+.��J"���2������+.�����)+ ����"��-. �)4F�M$2�+ ���,�3���+j�ZI,�)+ ����J"?@�"+ �E-. �5���2�f?����?��3��J"��J2����E+ CW.�� �1£�£�¢Ë¦�§�"�����

νI��D�*m LZ������ZIïîM�,4,4, ���3���>$2�"�3���T-.Q��+G�3�,��JT?�����4��2�����"�yB+ �W.���y mQ�����,4��2�����2��$"WH$"4��2�������+��,�! �"�

�3X ��3�,�!B=�� ��÷39< �"��� �!�3}a=��"+&���+ $"�3���+g���M46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���K��u+ �"��3���+cID�D��m LZ����B�ZI�ß�?@�"�3!#�"�����*$2�!*?Q�����"�46����4,4,��������

η(E)=QN�

η = ν ×σf

σf+σc

=�?����f4��2�A+ CW.���yEmQ���3�,4��2� � �!� }>= � �AP } �"� � ��÷ 91(I|�+(����,�D$"4F���,���"!#�"+.�\-. �Z=����y5J"+ �"�3LZ���2�a�3X �"�3!*��-G �2�l���"+(���2����� �c�����2�2�5��=C4��<$"WH$"4��<�3X ��3�,�!{?���J2���"+G���

�,+G�3�3�,+ ��Y2-. �"!#�"+G�f�+ ��-GQ��+.�3�,��J5����+ �"��3���+ �f�����3?@�+��,��4��2�P-.������2�3����?�Z�3�,�3�,���Z=���4�����P-. ��$2�"�3���)-.Q��+G�3�,��J���"�H���"+.�c+ J"L.���3�,���_?����D4��<$"WH$"4��<�����+��,�!BI�c �� �!��� ã � �V �¤�¢�¥�ãiâ.§b¦, �æ* �¤�¢!����§(�1£¨£¨¢�¦,§P§�ãK¡�]�¡"¦�§läH�V Zã ¢ËäHæ»ã<ä §¨£�¤â�¥Zã�¡�á�¥�£¨£¨¢A��¦�§#ç"ä´ä §"ãg£6á §3¡2¤���§*�3 ¨á�¢�â.§"I@q14,4��M�2�3�)�"+&?��3�,+ $"�,?��T?@Z���3�,��4��T�"+N�3?@�2$"�3���>�3X �"�3!*��-. �*�N����?������?@���<4��A$"W�$"4��f�3X ��3�,�!BIH7Õ4��6����<��$"�Q�����"+K+ ����"�b-G �f4F�5$2�+ ���,�3���+&�ZI,�A�2�3�<�+ ��$2�+ ���,�3���+K+ J2$2�2�������,����!K�����

�Cß

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 1e+05 1e+06Energie (eV)

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Ne

utr

on

s d

isp

on

ible

s p

ou

r l’i

sog

én

éra

tio

n

Cycle Uranium

Cycle Thorium

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZIïîm��� ���¢� Z¤�¢�¥ZãèâG§�¦� uç2ä� �ã�¤�¢�¤ � Nd(E) = ν − 2(1 + α(E))�)ã�¥�æ����3§�æM¢�ã ¢�æTäHæ âG§�ã�§�ä�¤��V¥�ã £

â�¢Ë£6á�¥�ãQ¢!��¦�§¨£5£2 �ã�£lá�§��"¤Õ§¨£Tâ.§(ã�§"äH¤��3¥�ã&ã ¢<¡� ¨á�¤�äH��§¨£Aá� Z�V �£�¢�¤Õ§�£7�l NR�§3¡T¦�ä � ã�§"� � ¢6§Mâ�äBã@§�äH¤��3¥�ã

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 1e+05 1e+06 1e+07

eV

0

1

2

3

4

5

η

U 233

U 235

U 238

Pu 239

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZI�ߧ��� Z�¨¢� Z¤�¢�¥�ã� NR�§3¡�¦�ä � ã�§"� � ¢6§)â�ä*ã�§"äH¤��3¥�ãBâ�äc^2 �¡2¤Õ§�äH�η���D �� �!� ¢�¥�ãBâ.§¨£A� � £2¥�ã� �ã�¡¨§¨£�â�ä� �����Ylä�§¨£"¤

£¨ä�á�á���¢Ëæ � §Aá�¥�äG�(¦� ORC¢Ë£¨¢A��¢�¦ ¢�¤ � âG§�¦, §� � äH�3§��

ã�¥�ãi£�ä��v£2 �ãQ¤Õ§)h54F�(��J"L�J"+ J"�����3���+c=�$C���l�"4,4���+ ���3���"+G�b?Q���l$2�!*?��������2�_?@�"�3���2�_+ �"��3���+���-G �2�f�"�b$C��?��3����2��Cà

?Q�������3�,���2��-.��6= ��J"?@�"+ ���"+.�C=��"4,4��2�C=���B��WG?@�5�"�����)4F�ML��2�3�3���+B�� ��JC��$"���"���-Gc�8�+B$2�+ �3����Y"���ZI;�����+ �(J"L.��4��"!#�"+G�*-.c�����ysJ"+ �"�3LZ���2�>����?������2������j���"4FhB���[�C�Z�0���A����=

Nd?@���(4���$"WH$"4��K�3X ��3�,�!

�2�3�f�,+���J"�3���"���hT4F�M�Z��4��"������Nd�� $"W�$"4��5�����+��,�!ñ���"+G�G�,���+&��=�Û*�"����=�©M���2�3?@�2$"�3�,���"!#�"+.�¨��I�q1+ �3?@�2$"�3���

����?������Z=�4��5$"W�$"4���}��Õ91 ���"���T?�4, �f���C���������4��>hT4F�*�3��3L�J"+ J"�����3���+cI

B����f�hQ �o,ª576`%l! %�8:9:/:/A50! @t/ *�50! *�@l!�/¾8:9:/:/A50! /-!4/�/:/A9�32@Î/:=&%�578*/-kf[´@�#´@��I,.,N/232@+!&%(*�@l,.,-9�/28:@dl�+ ������J"���+ �A!K���,+.���"+Q��+G�)4F�T���"4F���3���+[-G��D��yH�������5�"+.�3����4��2��-.Q��+G�3�,��J2���,+��,�3�F��4��2�����5+ CW.���yE���"�3�3�,4��2�C=

Nfert=c�"�T���#+ �W.��gmQ���3�,4��Z=

Nfiss=c4������-. �K46� �����L�J"+ J"�����3���+v�2�3�>�����3���J2�N���"�(� ��+ �T$2�K$C����4F� -.Q��+G�3�,��J

Nfiss���2�3����$2�+ �3����+G������IQq1+ J2$"�3�,�Z��+.��46�8J"L.��4,�,��J(���2�f�����yE���5��JC��$"�3���+ �(�

Nfertσfertc φ = Nfiss(σ

fissc + σfiss

f )φ�V�ZI����

���8N�g�Nfiss

Nfert=

σfertc

(σfissf + σfiss

c )

�V�ZI���

dl�"�3�������"4F���3���+iJ"������4,�,�l���+ $��+ ��?����?@��3�3���+Nfiss/Nfert

�,+��,�3�F��4������+�+ J2��-G���+ ����J"?��"+ ��-. �����2����2$"�3���+ �l��üK$C��$2�2�P!#CW��"+�+ �2�f����$C��?��3����)�"�l���AmQ���3���+i���2�l+ CW.���y#mQ�����,4����"�b���"�3�3�,4�����i$"WH$"4��ZI�|�+�?@�"����4�����#J2$"�3�,��� -. �&¦, S¡�¥�ã�¡�§�ã�¤��V Z¤�¢�¥�ãx¤�å � ¥Z�¨¢�ç"ä §u§�ãwã�¥¾]Z ZäNã �1£�£�¢Ë¦�§¨£B+ ���J2�

C̃f=\4������-. �E4��2�K$2�+ ���,�3���+ �

��� �����L�J"+ J"�����3���+N���+.�����"!*?�4,���2�C= �2�3�A���+�+ J2�5?Q���>�

C̃f =Nfiss

Nfert + Nfiss=

σfertc

(σfertc + σfiss

f + σfissc )

�V�ZI ÙG�

�a�#m LZ����i�ZI�à����+�+ �Z=�?����)4��2�)���"�yN$"W�$"4��2�������+��,�! �"�)�3X ��3�,�!B=�46����4,4,����*���M$2�"�3���M-GQ��+.�3�,��JC̃f�"+E���+ $"�3���+&����46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���T���5+ �"��3���+ �CI�n��"!K����-G �+ ��-G ���3���$2�"�3���5m LZ����>4F�*?Q���3�3�����3X �"�3!*��-G �T����4F�

$2���3�@�A$2��3���2�3?@�+ � ��+.���)��K$"W�$"4��f�����+��,�!ÿ�2�3�_���"?���J2���"+.��J2���"+#?@��,+.�3�,4,4�J2�l$C���<+ � �b�C���+ �_�HK-G �A� ��+ �$2�b���!K���,+ �l���8J"+ �"�3LZ���Z=�4��l$"W�$"4��_�����+��,�!´+ �l�����3���V�6���,�D?Q���]4F��$2�+ ���,�3���+E�ZI,�b+ J2$2�2�������,���PhA46� �����L�J"+ J"�����3���+�Nd > 0

��I�_�8J"���4,��3���+&�C���2$(46�8J"+ �"�3LZ���T����4F�*-GQ��+.�3�,��J

C̃f= -G��a�2���A?����?���3�3���+�+ �"4,4��*hM4F�K-.Q��+G�3�,��J(�,+��,�3�F��4��T���

+ �W.���y�mQ���3�,4��2�A�� $"W�$"4��Z=�?@�"�3!#�"�����,+ �3�c����$2�!*?����"+ �����(?�����-G ��c4���$"W�$"4���^PX��Õ}{?��"�3!#�"��h#���2�f��JC��$�����"����5�3��3L�J"+ J"�������"����(-.��\46� ��3�,4,�����"�������"+G�>�"+u�3?@�2$"�3���>�3X �"�3!*��-G �Z=������2����,�>���2�)�,+.���"+.�����,���2�>���M!K���3��Y"���mQ�����,4��)�,+.�3�3�,+ ��Y2-G �"!#�"+.��?�4, �P�6���,��4��2�A-. �5$2�"�yB��� �+B��JC��$"���"����3��3L�J"+ J"�������"�������?������ZIdl�2$"�a�2�3�A�+ ��$2�+ ��J2-G �"+ $2��+Q���3����"4,4��>���54F��Ò�ç"ä� Z¦ ¢�¤ � Ó1+ �"��3���+���-G �(��B+ �W.�� mQ���3�,4��5�� $"W�$"4��5�3X ��

�3�,�!é�@46��� �!�3} ��4F��?�4, ���6���,��4��T����4��"�����N�6��$"���"��α�"�)4��T!#�"�,4,4��"�������?�?���3�

��M+ �"��3���+ �5?���H����,���

?Q������� ����3?��3���+[?����f4��2�A+ �"��3���+ �A4��"+.����� J"?��,�3X �"�3!*��-G �2�CI�Z�

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 1e+05 1e+06 1e+07Energie (eV)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

th

éo

riq

ue

de

fis

sile

à l’

iso

rati

on

(%

NL

)

Cycle Thorium

Cycle Uranium

> ��ÄÞ½ �ZI�àÜ��� Z�¨¢� Z¤�¢�¥�ãÌâ.§�¦, uç"ä� ZãQ¤�¢�¤ � C̃f�)¡�¥�ã�¡�§�ãQ¤��3 Z¤�¢�¥�ãw¤�å � ¥Z�¨¢�ç"ä § §�ãÌã�¥N]� �äNã��<£�£¨¢�¦�§¨£�â�äv¡�¥�æ���äG£8�

¤�¢!�"¦,§8�b¦�¥��¨£"ç2ä�§>¦�§¨£>¡�¥�ã�â�¢�¤�¢�¥�ã�£(â�ä ¢Ë£"¥ ��� ã � �3 Z¤�¢�¥Zã[£2¥�ãQ¤_�3§�æ�á�¦ ¢6§¨£��D£2§�äH¦c¦�§T¡�]�¡"¦,§MâZäB¤�åH¥���¢ËäHæíá�§"�¨æK§"¤P¡�§"¤�¤Õ§¡�¥�ã�âZ¢�¤�¢�¥�ãN ZäNã � ã�§�� � ¢6§¨£�¤�å�§���æT¢�ç"ä §¨£���ì ¡�§¨£ � ã�§"� � ¢6§¨£(â.§5ã�§�ä�¤��V¥�ã £�¦�§�ãQ¤�£8�]¦�§�¡�]�¡"¦�§(¤�åH¥���¢ËäHæ{á�§���æ#§2¤bâ.§¨£R� �¦�§�äH��£Kâ.§

C̃fã�§"¤�¤Õ§�æK§�ã�¤]á�¦ ä.£^" Z¢!��¦�§¨£#ç"ä §K¡�§"¦Ë¦�§¨£K Z¤�¤Õ§�ã�âZä�§¨£�á�¥�äH�*¦�§¨£*âG§�äNãN¡�]�¡"¦�§¨£K§�ãg£Õá�§3¡2¤���§K�V ¨á�¢�â.§

���G@PEPE Ð�§�r�K�

dl�2�M$C��4�$"�4��*�3�,!*?�4,��mQJ2�M+ ��?����"+�+ �"+.�*?Q���*�"+v$2�!*?����i��� �M4��2�T+ CW.���yè��j$"W�$"4���+��P4��2�T$C��?��3����2�?Q�������3�,���2�C=�+ �����!*!#�"+.��$2�"4,4��2�)���2��+ CW.���yN�,+.���"�3!#J2���F���,���2����&$"WH$"4��ZI�7�4���?@�"�3!#�"�3���"+.�5+ JC��+�!#��,+ �5��J:U�h���8�"+.�3���"����,�)-. �"4�-G �2�A$C������$"��J"�3���3�3��-G �2���3�,!*?�4��2�A�"�f?�X.W��3��-G �2�����2�A$"W�$"4��2�f�����+��,�!ì�"�f�3X ��3�,�!BI

ÎÐÏ�ê � Ü��ÁÜ! #"Ð׶ÿV�+Ü1� ÒÖÔ%$0ò&$�׶ü �('�)* wÿÝÔ~ý +,".-/"0���(" á ü1�Ôü]�ÿ1��$2)0�3-ÐÜ��~ÿ¶ü������B��54���B .T8�@���=?/�,o/N5�8�/-kf[´@�#´@l,�8P%�9�32/�,ª9(/:/250! ,T@tÏ�; %�8*/-'Ù@l!�/¾9<32@l,Ü[�/:/�32/-,ª9�!�/ 3A@"/:=?578�/-[H'�c�2�D?����?��3��J"��J2�76 �"��3��86���-. �2�]��>$:9�$"4��1�3X ��3�,�;´-. ��6 � �a���:6 86 �]���<��J"�����,4,4��"�]��86.�a$286�6G �2�a���"?�����

4�86�LZ���:;*? �<�"�C=��:6M$286 ��J2-. �:6 $2�Z=�4F��$28;<;(�6Q�����JA��$"���:6G�3��mQ-. �f������U3�����a?@��3��Jb�6T�=6G��J"��`"�14�J"LZ�,�3�=;#�P�3��4��2�a$28;?>� �3�3�=>�4��2�<h@>Q�����b���_�3X ��3�,�;B=�$2�2$"�G���"?�����a4��2�]��J:>�����a���2�Dm 4,��Y"���2�1h@>Q�����_��� ����6��,�;BI�~v$C�� ���l���$2�2�f-.Q��4,�,��J2�06 �"��3��86���-. �2�A�:6E�3?@�2$"�3���)���A6 �"��3��86 �f�3X �"��;*��-G �2�C=�4F�>���2$�X �"��$�X �(�3��P4��)�3X ��3�,�;ê$28;<;#�$28;B>� �3�3�=>�4��B6. $"4�JC���,�������8�2�3�bX���������3��-. �:;#�:6G�A?���3��J2�5����l4��2�A��?�?�4,��$C���3��86 ����i�3X ��3�,�;ê�:6E��JC��$"���"�����h6 �"��3��86 �P4��:6.���f�"�f�C;#`:;#��J"��J���JC��4,����J2��?����P$2�"�3�����=6 �2�lm 4,��Y"���2�CI�914, �3���"����l��JC��$"���"����f����?���������6 $2�M�����46�8��������(���)4F�M$2�:6G�����=6 �(���5% å��3X��l86G����Ý@�2$"�3�,���:;#�:6G�A��86 $"�3��86�6 J(� �6 �f4��2���6�6 J2�2���CàZ©Z�*�"���Cà�î��#�C���2$���,���"���A��9G?@�2�A����$28;?>� �3�3�=>�4��2��h�>Q�����5���5�3X ��3�,�;M�6����6��,�;BI�9\����;*�a$2�"�yH�Õ$"�D86E?@�"���$"�,���"�(�

���

•�a�#��JC��4,�������3��86g��&$2H�"����¾å�OPní���MtGX��,?�?��=6�LZ?@��3��-G��\����J:;#86.�3��J*-G �(46� �����L�J:6 J"�����3��86gJ"�����,�?@Z���3�=>�4��5�:6[$28;B>� �3�3�=>�4��>���4,������^PX+MN� �!��}TI�;�� ����J"�����,4,4��"��86 ��$2�"�3���5��y�?�J"�3���:6 $2��?�4, �A4���=6cI

•�D�<%[�4,���:6Mt���4,�DOl���2�2���"�an��C��$"����aq\yH?@�"�3�=;#�:6.�P��%&tHn�qb��hA|)�ª�H�3����L��<��3�,4,�������,�a���2�D���"4��@ú ��3����2��I

•�D����JC��$"���"���h*XQ������>���:;*?�J"�����3����Mh#$C��4��?@��3���"��)X �"4,�,�;ì���>r ��3��tG�CI��1�����=6&��� �6 ��?�������¨�6 $2����8�:6G�G�,��86�ßZÚZ��% å��3Xc=���3�,4,���¨���,�1�6M$28;?>� �3�3�=>�4��A$C����>�����P�3X ��3�,�;OM�����6��,�;ÿXQ������:;#�:6.�_�:6��3��$�X����}�k�qb��I

•�_�8��yH?@J"�3���:6 $2�A?��,4�����A���A��JC��$"���"��lh)XQ����������:;*?�J"�����3����D;#G��J"��J���KLZ����?�X��,�������A9]�C��$�XiOP��3��8;��� �6 ��?���������6 $2�����8�:6G�G�,��86j�C�Z�*%�å��3Xc=���3�,4,�����6G����B$28;B>� ���3�=>�4����3X ��3�,�;OM�}�k�qAI

•�D�<��JC��$"���"��a���87�6 ���F�6M9a��=6G�l�Z=���JC��$"���"��\hf�C��>4�J"L�Y"������ÛZ�Z��%�åg���@��86 $"�3��86�6Q������3X ��3�,�;OM�}�k�q� �6 ��4��2���6�6 J2�2�(�Cà�î���I

B��E4��hQ iÐ@m;?8:5:sª@t/�8P%�60%l!&%�8�9(/¾@l[?8Î#´@GFL=4/A;?;>/-!?67;c578K/IHJABLK#MON&JAB�CPM�QRTSVU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U^]_SYX\a`Ob8\�`,c�U1Sd`1`�efb86hg�Sjilk�e=c�c�e=6�mnc#b8U�[<o�\�[,pfSqc�U1S:;<efS:UrU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U<6l\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Sjg�WdgsefWt]

puX^c�U1blgs\�Z:[�efb86vg�wxW:pfSdZ:[�U�efZ:e=[1W^Zdb86�6�SdZ:[1WrX\yU1Wd`OSYX\{zP|}6y[OX6l[C~�\�S�[1S:p��Pe=p�Zdb86�`1b8p=efg�X�pfSd`A>LX8`1Sd`AS:6_[1S:U�;rSd`g�wxb8c#W:UOX[�efb86yg�Sd`Do5\�[�\�U1Sd`�ZdS:6l[�UOXpfSd`3Zdb8;<;rS:U1Z:euXpfSd`C]^SYX\�c�U1Sd`O`�\�U�ef`1WdSnzL�}p=\�`�efS:\�U1`3[�9�cPSd`3g�w�X8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`0o5\�U1S:6�[D[1Sd`�[1Wd`Y��S:[06�b8[OX;<;rS:6l[3g�Sd`�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`A],>LX8`1SBg�S&[�k�b8U�e=\�;�c#S:6�g�X6�[�puX,c�kLX8`1SR¾å���gs\�U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�UC�5Z2ØA\�U1`A�3S:[@�?g�SAilk�e=c�c�e=6�mnc#b8U�[Y��g�S��CàZÚ�îB]��Cà�î�Ùl��zsR}wxW:pfW:;rS:6�[0Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSA~�\�e#Sd`�[X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�e�\�[�e=p=ef`OW*g�X6�`�pfSd`}�D|.�2�npfS@Z:UOXY9�b86�S:6<�de=U1ZYXp=pfbY9<Zdb86l[1S:6LX6�[/g�Sd`}cLX8`�[�e=p=pfSd`}g�wxbd�s9sg�S*g�w \�UOX6�e=\�;S:6�U�efZOk�e��so�\�[D[1Sd`�[1W&S:[0�nXp=efg�WCX^ilk�e=c�c�e=6�mncPb8U�[Yz

�7S:6�g�X6�[qpuX_g�S:U�6�ef�:U1Stc�kLX8`OStg�wxb8cPW:UOX[�efb86�Xd�nX6�[q`1b86hg�W:;^X6�[1�:pfS:;rS:6l[Y�@pfSVU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�Uro5\�[rU1WYX8g�Xc�[1Wc#b8\�UrU1SdZdS:��b8e=UVgs\GZdb8;B>�\�`1[�e=>�pfS��@k+MN� �!�1� X���6�g�Stg�W:;rb86�[�U1S:UVpuXvcPbn`1`1e=>�e=p=e=[1Wjg�w \�[�e=p=ef`1S:U�\�6GZ:9sZ:pfS�X\[�k�b8U�e=\�;�g�X6�`<g�Sd`�U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`^]�SYX\�pfW:m��:U1S��7ZnwxW:[OXe=[<p�wxb8>s��SdZ:[�e�o3gs\a[�U1b8ef`�ef�:;rSVZd A\�U<gs\�U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�Ur~l\�eoEb86�Z:[�efb86�6LX�cPS:6�g�X6l[^¡�X6�`¢���Y£�¤n¤¦¥O�Y£n§n����`1b8\�`�pfSq6�b8;�g�SV��¨ �©�ª¢«�¬nª�­:®<¯0®�­O­�°�­�®q±D­�¬�²dª�³8® �5R¾å�´@�3��zµ S:[�[1S&S��scPW:U�efS:6�ZdSBg�W:;rb86�[�UOXs�(]?;rb¦9�S:6�6�SBWdZ1k�S:p=pfS��E£n¶<·�åvS¦����~l\�S&g�Sd`@[OX\s�¢g�S&Zdb86���S:U1`�efb86���b8ef`�e=6�`0g�Sp�w \�6�e=[1W@¥TS:[.;r¸:;rS*puXA`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[�efb86s¥�W:[OXefS:6�[.c#bn`1`�e=>�pfSd`�g�X6�`.\�6<U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U.[�k�S:U�;<ef~l\�SD`OX6�`!p�w \�[�e=p=ef`�X[�efb86g�S&Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSCp=ef~l\�efg�Sn��;^Xef`06�WdZdSd`O`�e=[OXe=[0[1b8\�[1S�oEb8ef`*\�6�S&m�Sd`�[�efb86t[�U1�d`DZdb8;<c�p=ef~�\�WdS?gs\tZd A\�UYz

RTSqZd A\�U<R¾å�´@�¹Zdb86�[1S:6LXe=[t�Y�_X8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`,k�S���Xm�b86LX\s�ºS:6�[1b8\�U1Wd`<g�S_�Y¡�;rb�gs\�pfSd`,U1W�»LSdZ:[1S:\�U1`Yzµ kLX8Z:\�6�g�Sd`BX8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`?Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS�W:[OXe=[�Zdb8;<cPbn`OWrg�w \�6�SrcLXU�[�efSrZdS:6l[�UOXpfS�~l\�e.W:[OXe=[C;rb8>�e=pfSnz�¼�6Xc�c#S:puXqZdS:[�[1S,cLXU�[�efS<ZdS:6�[�UOXpfS,puXqcLXU�[�efS�½ ­1­1° ��mnUOXe=6�S¦����pfS�U1Sd`�[1S,W:[OX6�[CZdb86�`�[�e=[�\�W<g�S,puX�cLXU�[�efSj¾�¿ ¬8À Ð ­:ª�5Zdb8\���S:U�[�\�U1S¦���.cLXU�[�efSVe=;<;rb8>�e=pfSj~l\�eDX8ZdZ:\�S:e=p=puXe=[^S:6Á`1b86ºZdS:6�[�U1SjpuXycLXU�[�efS_½ ­O­�° z.RTSd`^X8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`^g�S[�9lc#S3½ ­1­1° W:[OXefS:6l[.\�[�e=p=ef`1Wd`.Xpfb8U1`/Zdb8;<;rS*;rbY9�S:6qg�S0Zdb86�[�U1Â8pfS�g�S*puXAU1WYX8Z:[�e=��e=[1Wn��S:6r;rb�gse��(X6�[/puXAkLX\�[1S:\�Ug�w e=6�`1S:U�[�efb86_g�SBZdS:\s��¥�Z:e�zPR}w \�[�e=p=ef`OX[�efb86�g�SC>LXU�U1Sd`Ag�SBZdb86l[�U1Â8pfS,b8\�g�S?cPb8ef`1b86�`D6{wxW:[OXe=[AcLX8`D\�[�e=p=ef`1WdSn�PX���6g�wxb8c�[�e=;<ef`1S:U@X\^;^X��se=;B\�;Ãp�wxWdZdb86�b8;<efS3g�S06�S:\�[�U1b86�`ÄS:6�`1S0g�W:>LXU�UOX8`O`OX6�[@pfS*c�p=\�`/cPbn`O`�e=>�pfSDg�Sd`/ZYXc�[�\�U1Sd`cLXUOX8`�e=[1Sd`¢~l\�eA6�S�Zdb86�gs\�ef`1S:6�[¢cLX8`t]�puX�Z:U1WYX[�efb86Åg�S_;^X[�ef�:U1Sy�L`1`1e=pfSa��[1SdZOk�6�ef~�\�S�g�SyZdb86l[�U1Â8pfSvg�S_puXU1WYX8Z:[�e=��e=[1WAgse=[1S À(³nÀ �=Æ ¬n®�¬ ½�¨ ª ¨EÇ:È ­ �3�lp�wxb8>s��SdZ:[�e�o7W:[OXe=[*S:6qS�É�S:[@g�S3g�W:;rb86l[�U1S:U0~�\{wxb86Vc#b8\��8Xe=[/o�Xe=U1S3X\�[OX6l[

�n�

g�w�Ê5ËEË1�Ì~�\{wxb86jS:6tZdb86�`Ob8;<;^Xe=[YzR{Sd`���mn\�U1Sd`<�nz=�Y¶qS:[,�nz=�n��g�b86�6�S:6l[&\�6vXcPS:U1Í:\_g�Sd`Am�Wdb8;rW:[�U�efSd`&g�Sd`&X8`1`1S:;B>�puXm�Sd`A\�[�e=p=ef`OWd`Yz#R{Sd`AW:pfW�¥

;rS:6�[1`0Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`Dg�X6�`ÄpfSd`0X8`1`OS:;B>�puXm�Sd`0g�S3[�9�c#SB½ ­1­�° W:[OXefS:6l[0Zdb86�`�[�e=[�\�Wd`*g�S<�5�@ks¥ Ê5ËEË �A��¼2]�S:6l[�U1S

ÎlÏÐS:[!¡�ÏÑ�5S:6?;^X8`O`1S¦�{g�w Ê5ËEË �?zR{Sd`�X8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`�g�S.[�9lc#SA¾:¿ ¬8À Ð ­:ª Zdb86l[1S:6LXefS:6�[.gs\,�@k(¼2c�p=\�`2\�6�S/o�Xe=>�pfS

~�\LX6l[�e=[1W?g�SB�A¼2X���6jg�SCcPS:U�;rS:[�[�U1S?g�S&[1S:6�e=U0pfS&[OX\s�tg�SCZdb8;?>�\�`�[�efb86�Z:e=>�pfWnz(R{Sd`0cLXU�[�efSd`3X���euXpfSd`Y�L`�\s¥

cPW:U�efS:\�U1Sd`qS:[^e=6soEW:U�efS:\�U1Sd`Y�/g�S¢[1b8\�`^pfSd`qX8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`y��½ ­1­�° S:[y¾�¿ ¬8À Ð ­dª �^Zdb86�[1S:6LXefS:6l[¢gs\Á�@k(¼2c#b8\�U

;<e=6�e=;<ef`1S:UApfSd`0o5\�e=[1Sd`�6�S:\�[�U1b86�ef~�\�Sd`&X��seuXpfSd`YzL|�6s��6{�P\�6�S?`1W:U�efS?g�w�X8`O`1S:;B>�puXm�Sd` ®Ý��Ò*­1²dª�­ È ® ½��5�@k(¼2W:m�X�¥

pfS:;rS:6�[����ÄW:[OXefS:6�[q`�e=[�\�Wd`�]_puX�cPW:U�e=c�k�W:U�efS�gs\ÁZd A\�UYz.ÓÔpuXy��6Ágs\hc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSyS:[�Xc�U1�d`qX6LXp=9�`1Sjg�Sd`Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`�e=U�UOX8gsefWd`Y�}b86hg�W:[1S:U�;<e=6LXv\�6�S¢`�\�U�c�U1b�gs\�Z:[�efb86Ág�wxS:6���e=U1b86Ð�nz ÎlÏÌg�w Ê5ËEË �ÕcLXU<UOXc�c#b8U�[�X\Z1kLXU�m�S:;rS:6l[Äe=6�e=[�euXp�zl�2S:6�g�X6l[ÄZdS:[�[1SDcPW:U�efb�g�Sn�npfS0R:å�´@�ºoEb86�Z:[�efb86�6LXB§nÖ�Ï�gs\r[1S:;<c�`.S:[/g�W:p=e=�lUOXCX\^[1b8[OXpS:6���e=U1b86

2.1�å�k{z

|�6I�Y£�¤n¤t��puX,;r¸:;rSBX6�6�WdS?~�\�SBg�W:;^XU�U1SCpfS&c�U1b8mnUOX;<;rS�R¾å�´Ä�×]^ilk�e=c�c�e=6�mnc#b8U�[����LpfSd`0|}[OX[1`�¥��D6�ef``1b8\�`rp�w�X8gs;<e=6�ef`1[�UOX[�efb86 µ XU�[1S:UVX8g�b8c�[1S:6�[Vg�Sd`^;rSd`1\�U1Sd`r[�U1�d`^g�WdZdb8\�UOXm�SYX6l[1Sd`VcPb8\�U�puX_U1SdZ1k�S:U1ZOk�S_g�Sd`U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`06l\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Sd`De=6�6�b¦�8X6l[1`Yz µ Sd`*;rSd`1\�U1Sd`*c�U1blZ:puX;rS:6l[�Xpfb8U1`Y��c#b8\�U*p=\�[�[1S:UDZdb86l[�U1S&puX�c�U1b8p=e�o5W:UOX[�efb866�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Sq�

•p�w�X���b8\�U�6�S:;rS:6�[Ae=6�g�W���6�e�gs\�U1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6l[CS:[�gs\yU1SdZ:9�Z:puXm�S,]�g�Sd`0��6�`3Zdb8;<;rS:U1Z:euXpfSd`&gs\�c�p=\�[1b¥6�e=\�;Øc�U1b�gs\�e=[�X\s�¢�Ai�Ó�z

•p�w�XU�U1¸:[0gs\Vc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSCg�SAg�W:��S:pfb8c�c#S:;rS:6�[Dg�Sd`*`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U1`�X\qc�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;ÔS:[@g�S3U1SdZOk�S:U1Z1k�Sg�w�X\�[�U1Sd`0��p=ef�:U1Sd`Yz

•pfS&g�W:��S:pfb8c�c#S:;rS:6�[Ag�Sd`0ZYXcLX8Z:e=[1Wd`Dg�SCc�U1blgs\�Z:[�efb86jg�w \�UOX6�e=\�;ÙS:6�U�efZ1k�e7g�Sd`0|�[OX[1`�¥���6�ef`Yz

¼�UY��g�X6�`/p�w e=;<c#bn`1`�e=>�e=p=e=[1WDg�SDU1S:[�UOXe=[1S:U/pfSd`/Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`Äc#b8\�U.S:6�S��s[�UOXe=U1S0pfSd`.;^X[1W:U�euX\s�r�L`1`�e=pfSd`¦�npfSZ:9�Z:pfSDgs\<[�k�b8U�e=\�;Ú6�S@c#S:\�[.¸:[�U1S0X;rb8U1ZdWDS:[�6{w�XCX\�Z:\�6�S0cPS:U1`�c#SdZ:[�e=��Snzli�b8\�`}ZdS:[�[1S06�b8\���S:p=pfS0Zdb868��b86�Z:[�\�U1Sn�;r¸:;rSC`�e{ZdS3o5\�[*\�6t`�\�ZdZd�d`*[1SdZOk�6�ef~�\�Sn�LpfSAc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSBg�SBilk�e=c�c�e=6�mnc#b8U�[06�SCZdb86�6�\�[D;^Xp=k�S:\�U1S:\�`1S:;rS:6�[X\�Z:\�6�SB`�\�e=[1Snz

��p=\�`2U1WdZdS:;<;rS:6�[Y�8S:6�`Yw e=6�`�c�e=UOX6�[!g�S/p�wxS���c#W:U�efS:6�ZdS/X8Zd~l\�ef`1S@]Dilk�e=c�c�e=6�mncPb8U�[Y�p�w \�[�e=p=ef`OX[�efb86,gs\,Zdb86�ZdS:c�[½ ­1­1° ��¾�¿ ¬8À Ð ­:ª Sd`�[@puX�c#b8p=e=[�ef~�\�S&`1\�e=�lefSAcLXU*pfSd`*g�W�oES:6�`1S:\�U1`0gs\t�!�*�}ÛA�5��X8gsÜ�b�î0`�Ül9V�@k�b8U�e=\�;���p=\�[1b86�e=\�;Û�6�Z:e=6�S:UOX[1b8U���Ý Îl¤nÞ��T~l\�e*]¢p�w k�S:\�U1S¢X8Z:[�\�S:p=pfS^[�UOXY�8Xe=p=pfS:6l[^X\�`OS:e=6Ig�w \�6�SVZdb8p=puX>Pb8UOX[�efb86ºS:6l[�U1S�p�w e=6�gs\�`1[�U�efS:pc�U�e=��W��@k�b8U�e=\�;ß�7b�î/S:U<Û�6�Znz=Ý�ÖÎ8Þ��{pfSd`BpuX>Pb8UOX[1b8e=U1Sd`,g�S<U1SdZOk�S:U1Z1k�SqU�\�`1`1SAxA\�U1Z1kLX[1bY�IÛ�6�`�[�e=[�\�[1Sy�5x&Û����2S:[X;rW:U�efZYXe=6�¼AXÜa�0efgsm�S¢àAX[�efb86LXpDRTX>#b8UOX[1b8U�9á��¼3�Dà3R2��z�RTX_;<ef`OStX\ºcPb8e=6l[^g�w�X8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�Sd`^g�S¢[�9lc#S`1SdSdg�¥�>�puX6�Ü�S:[qX8g�Xc�[1Wd`q]yp�w \�`OXm�Stg�X6�`<\�6hZd A\�U�g�SqoEX>�U�efZYX[�efb86Á�D\�`1`1S¢g�SV[�9lc#SVâ�âA|}�0¥O�Y¶n¶n¶�X_W:[1WU1WYXp=ef`1WdSnz}R{SjZdb86�ZdS:c�[^�!�*�}ÛB6{wxSd`1[rcLX8`,U1W:m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U�;^Xef`^Sd`�[<c�U1Wd`1S:6�[1WjZdb8;<;rS¢\�6�SqoEX8Ídb86GS�ã^ZYX8ZdSg�w e=6�Z:e=6�W:U1S:U^pfSVc�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;ä;<e=p=e=[OXe=U1SjS:6º;rblgse��(X6l[rpfSd`,U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`^S��sef`�[OX6�[1`¦Ý Î��:Þ�z!R{SVU1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6�[Vgs\Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSB6{wxSd`�[*cLX8`0Xpfb8U1`0S:6l�lef`OXm�W&S:[@p�wxb8>s��SdZ:[�e�o!Sd`1[0g�S3Zdb86�`Ob8;<;rS:UDW:m�XpfS:;rS:6�[�\�6�SAmnUOX6�g�SAcLXU�[�efSg�S&p�w Ê5ËEË �åc�U1blgs\�e=[C¨ À ½�¨ ª Ètg�X6�`0pfSd`DX8`1`1S:;?>�puXm�SCg�S&[�9�c#S^¾�¿ ¬nÀ�æ8­:ª ��S:6¢puXef`O`OX6�[DZdS:\s��¥�Z:e{[�U1�d`*pfb86�mn[1S:;<c�``1b8\�`*e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb86a�5g�Sr�Y¶r]V�Y�<X6�`���z

�nç

è@éëê@ì2�nz=�Y¶Bí��È ­Bª5®�¬8À ½�î ­�® ½ ¬ ¿ ­,° È ²Oï È ® � «^¯Ä±Ú°�­Cð�© ¨�Æ�ÆP¨ Àlñ Æ ³8®:ª Ç:È�¨�ò ³8À(²dª ¨ ³8À�À(¬�°�­,ó8ô�õ�õ<öVó8ô�÷nøsù

�Î

úfû:ü(ýëþÿ�û������������ ����� ú=þnüLýëþÿ�û������������� �����

ú��1ü(ý�þ�ÿ�û������������ ����� ú��8üLý���� �!�"�è@éëê@ìs�nz=�n�.í$# ­0²1³nÀ(²O­ Æ ª ½ ­O­�°&% ¾:¿ ¬8À�æ8­:ª ¨�'�Æ(¿�(�' ­�ÀLª ( ¬ È)# «^¯Ä± °�­@ð�© ¨�Æ�Æ(¨ Àlñ Æ ³8®:ª È ª ¨ë¿ ¨u½ ¬ ¨ ª Æ(¿ Èl½�¨ ­ È ® ½ ª+* Æ ­ ½°-, ¬ ½O½ ­ '^¾�¿ ¬¦ñ�­ ½ ²O³8ÀLª�­�À(¬nÀLª�° ¨ ./( ®�­�À(ª ½ ²1³ '^¾�Èl½ ª ¨�¾�¿ ­ ½1032 ©4%�5

nat 6 2­:ª 2 © 6 2

Æ ³ È ® ¿ ­ ½ ¬ ½O½ ­ '^¾�¿ ¬¦ñ�­ ½ °�­Äª+* Æ ­7 ¾�¿ ¬8À�æn­:ª!8�9!­dª È Àq²1³ '^¾�Èl½ ª ¨�¾�¿ ­3°�­0ª+* Æ ­ 2 © : ;�;45 Æ ³ È ® ¿ ­ ½ ²1³ 'r¾:È�½ ª ¨E¾�¿ ­ ½ °�­Dª+* Æ ­ 7 ½ ­1­�°<8�ù # , ­�À�® ¨ ²�© ¨ë½O½ ­ ' ­:ÀLª°�­ ½ ° ¨ ./( ®�­:ÀLª ½ ²:®�¬&*�³8À ½ ö ¿ , ¨ ÀLª ( ® ¨ ­ È ®&°�­&²�©s¬ Ç:È ­B¬ ½�½ ­ '^¾�¿ ¬Yñ�­B° (�Æ ­:À(°�¬ ¨ ª9/­�À�³ È ª5®�­�9�°�­ ¿ ­ È ®&²1³Y³8®�°�³8ÀLÀ ( ­®�¬�° ¨ ¬ ¿ ­<­:ªÄ¬"= ¨ ¬ ¿ ­Yù

�n¡

>@?BADCFE<G�?IHKJML�NPORQ�S�T<UWV�XRTS^Zdb86�ZdS:c�[<�3iZY [�U1b8\���Sq`1b86�b8U�e=mne=6�Sqg�X6�`?pfSrc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSVg�S�U1SdZ1k�S:U1ZOk�SV;<e=p=e=[OXe=U1S^c#b8\�U?puXtc�U1b¥

c�\�pf`�efb86Á6�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Syg�Sd`�Xd��efb86�`Y�}R.w\[�¨ ®�²:®�¬ ò ª&±0­�¬�²dª�³8®^]_= Æ ­�® ¨�' ­�À(ª g�Sd`�X6�6�WdSd`��Y£n¡n¶vX\s�h|�[OX[1`�¥���6�ef`YzR{Sd`BU1Wd`�\�p=[OX[1`?c�U1b8;rS:[�[1S:\�U1`�S:6�Zdb8\�UOXm�S:6l[,puXVcPb8\�U1`1\�e=[1S^g�Sd`?U1SdZ1k�S:U1Z1k�Sd`,`�\�U?pfSrZdb86�ZdS:c�[,�3iZY�c#b8\�UBpuXc�U1b�gs\�Z:[�efb86�Z:e=��e=pfS0g�wxW:pfSdZ:[�U�efZ:e=[1Wn��S:[}p�w�¼3�Dà3Rt;rS:[.S:6^c�puX8ZdS*\�6^c�U1b8[1b8[�9lc#S0g�S�§A·a`�[�k^S:6j�Y£nÖÎ���pfScb ³ ¿ %ª�­�ÀyðP¬ ¿ ª}±0­�¬�²dª�³8®$]�= Æ ­�® ¨' ­:ÀLª �5·�i��D|/��z(R{SBZd A\�UAgs\j·�i��D|�Sd`�[DZdb86�`�[�e=[�\�W�g�SCmnUOXc�k�e=[1S�g�X6�`DpfSd~l\�S:p`1b86l[@cPS:U1ZdWd`*g�Sd`*ZYX6LX\s�qcPb8\�U@puX�Z:e=U1Z:\�puX[�efb86jgs\¢`1S:p�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSCp=ef~�\�efg�SnzsR{SA·�i��D|�oEb86�Z:[�efb86�6�S&`OX6�`e=6�Z:efg�S:6l[Ag�S��Y£nÖÎV]j�Y£nÖn£�XY��SdZ�\�6to�X8Z:[1S:\�U3g�S�Z1kLXU�m�S�g�wxS:6���e=U1b86v§n¡�Ïqz(R{S�·�i��D|�g�W:;rb86�[�U1S�puXr[1S:6l\�Sg�S?p�wed3X8`1[1S:p=pfbY9l¥�à�o�X8ZdS�X\s�yc�U1b8>�pf�:;rSd`&g�S�Zdb8U�U1bn`1efb86_gs\_`1S:p}Xe=6�`�e!~�\�S?puXq`�[OX>�e=p=e=[1W,g�Sd`A`1S:pf`�»�\�b8U�\�U1Sd`YzR{SA`�\�ZdZd�d`Dgs\qc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSBc�U1W:cLXU1SApuX���b8efSAcPb8\�U@p�wxW:[�\�g�SCg�w \�6¢��UOXe#U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�UDg�SAc�\�ef`1`OX6�ZdSn�spfSA·yb8p=[1S:6isXp=[0´ÄU1SdSdg�S:U���SYX8Z:[1b8UB�5·_i�´@�A��z

>@?BfgE�h-fg?4A-HiJML�jkNlQ�S�T�mIV�XRTS.·�i�´Ä�ISd`�[T\�6?Zdb86�ZdS:c�[2c�U1b8c#bn`1W.S:[2W:[�\�gsefW.cLXU2p�w�¼3�Dà3R^g�w \�6BU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U!`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U�]0Zdb8;?>�\�`�¥

[�e=>�pfS0�@kon Ê5ËEË �Ôg�wxS:6l�le=U1b86¢�n¡n¶n¶C·a`�[�k^g�S0c�\�ef`1`�X6�ZdSn�lX8`1`1b�Z:efWdSD]A\�6�SD\�`�e=6�S0g�SDU1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6�[*Z1k�e=;<ef~l\�S7 ­�À ¿ ¨ ñ8ÀP­&8 gs\jZdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSnz#�TU1�d`D`1b8;<;^Xe=U1S:;rS:6l[Y�Pg�X6�`3ZdSCZdb86�ZdS:c�[3b86jU1S:[�U1b8\���SCpfSB;rblg�W:UOX[1S:\�U�mnUOX�¥c�k�e=[1S?cPS:U1ZdW�g�S�ZYX6LX\s��b&pyZ:e=U1Z:\�pfS�pfS�`1S:p2Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSn��~l\�e7Sd`�[AXpfb8U1`3pfS?ZYXpfb8c#b8U�[1S:\�U&gs\y`�9s`�[1�:;rSnz(R{SZdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSrSd`�[&\�6v`1S:p�g�S�»�\�b8U�\�U1Sd`?~�\�e}Zdb86l[�efS:6�[?S:6l�le=U1b86G�Y¶�ÏÔ;rb8puXe=U1Srg�St�5�@koq3�A��Y

4z�ÓD��6vg�w�X8`�¥

`�\�U1S:UDp�wxSdZdb86�b8;<efSBg�S&6�S:\�[�U1b86�`3S:[0U1W:\�`1`�e=UDpuX<`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[�efb86{�Pg�X6�`DZdS&m�S:6�U1SCg�S?Zdb86�ZdS:c�[Y��pfSd`0�7zeY@zL`1b86l[S��s[�UOXe=[1`Y��Xe=6�`�e*~�\�SqpfS Ê5ËEË �!X���X���6hg�SqpuXef`1`1S:U<ZdS:p=\�e�¥�Z:e0g�WdZ:U1b�rf[�U1S¢��S:U1`,p�w Ê5ËEË � k�b8U1`,e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb86{�.Xc�U1Wd`~l\�b8ePZdS3g�S:U�6�efS:U*Sd`�[ÄU1S:e=68��SdZ:[1WAg�X6�`ÄpfS�Z:e=U1Z:\�e=[*Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSnz�RTX�Z1kLXpfS:\�UD]�Ön¡n¶gs µ Sd`1[ÄS:6�`�\�e=[1SAWdZOkLX6�m�WdSXY��SdZ&\�6jZ:e=U1Z:\�e=[D`1SdZdb86�g�Xe=U1S?g�SC`1S:pf`@oEb86�gs\�`*c#b8\�U0m�W:6�W:U1S:U�g�SAp�wxW:pfSdZ:[�U�efZ:e=[1W,Xd��SdZC\�6tU1S:6�g�S:;rS:6�[Ag�wxS:6���e�¥U1b86�Î�¶�ϹmnU�t8ZdS,]<puXrkLX\�[1SB[1S:;<c#W:UOX[�\�U1S,S:6y`1b8U�[�efSnz(R}w \�`�e=6�S�g�SBU1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6l[&S:6�p=e=mn6�S�g�b8e=[�[�UOXe=[1S:U3pfS��b8p=\�;rS&S:6l[�efS:UDg�SA`1S:p{Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSn�L`1b8e=[0S:6���e=U1b86j¡n¶�; 3 �sS:6tS:6���e=U1b86v�Y¶���b8\�U1`YzsR{S&`19�`�[1�:;rS3c#S:\�[DXe=6�`�eS:6Vc�U�e=6�Z:e=c#SCX[�[1S:e=6�gsU1S&\�6¢[OX\s�Vg�S&Zdb86l��S:U1`�efb86jg�S,�nz�¶n¡,S:6���e=U1b86�XY��SdZ&\�6Ve=6���S:6�[OXe=U1SB6�WdZdSd`1`OXe=U1S&g�w Ê5ËEË �g�SAp�wxb8U1gsU1SCg�w \�6�SC[1b86�6�SBS:[*\�6t[1S:;<c�`0g�SBg�b8\�>�pfS:;rS:6�[�Sd`1[�e=;rWB]r�n¡<X6�`CÝ��n�Þ�z

i�S:pfb86h~l\�SVpfSd`,c#b8p=e=[�ef~�\�Sd`<6l\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Sd`^g�Sd`<gse=��S:U1`<cLXY9�`�XefS:6�[^b8\º6�b86hS:6�Zdb8\�UOXm�W¢k�ef`1[1b8U�ef~�\�S:;rS:6l[p�w e=6l[1W:U1¸:[B`�\�UApfS,Z:9�Z:pfS<gs\�[�k�b8U�e=\�;t��pfSd`Ac�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSd`?g�S�U1SdZ1k�S:U1Z1k�SqX\�[1b8\�UCg�Sd`CZdb86�ZdS:c�[1`&\�[�e=p=ef`OX6l[BZdSZ:9sZ:pfS.b86l[7Zdb86�6l\�g�Sd`2cPW:U�efb�g�Sd`7g�S.`�[OXmn6LX[�efb86,��b8e=U1SÄg�w e=6�[1S:U�U�\�c�[�efb86{z u&X6�`TpfS/ZYX8`2gs\�·_i�´@�?�¦g�Sd`2UOXef`1b86�`c#b8p=e=[�ef~�\�Sd`CXe=6�`1e}~�\�S,puXVZdb86�Z:\�U�U1S:6�ZdSroEX8ZdSrX\s�_U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`CUOXc�efg�Sd`C`1\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U1`BS:6�Z:9sZ:pfS,\�UOX6�e=\�;oEb86�[0~l\�S&pfSd`*U1SdZOk�S:U1Z1k�Sd`3`1b86�[�XU�U1¸:[1WdSd`�S:6��Y£�¤8Ösz

��6�S.`19l6l[�k��d`1S}k�ef`�[1b8U�ef~l\�S.g�Sd`7S�É�b8U�[1`2g�S.U1SdZ1k�S:U1Z1k�S@Zdb8;<;rSÄg�Sd`TU1WYXp=ef`�X[�efb86�`7S��sc#W:U�e=;rS:6�[OXpfSd`�X\�[1b8\�Ugs\�[�k�b8U�e=\�;Ôc#S:\�[�¸:[�U1SB[�U1b8\���WdS�g�X6�`�pfSd`0UOXc�c#b8U�[1`AZdb8;<c�e=pfWd`3cLXU�·y·Iz�R{\�6�m�Ý Î�§8Þ7b8\wv3U�\�c�c#S:puXnXUYÝ�çn¡8Þ�zR}wxÓ�m�S:6�ZdSDÛ�6�[1S:U�6LX[�efb86LXpfSA]Ap�wx|�6�S:U�mnefS3Ó@[1b8;<ef~l\�S?�5Û Ó�|}Ó&�2o�Xe=[}c#W:U�efblgsef~l\�S:;rS:6�[Y��g�S:c�\�ef`D�Y£n£Î���pfS*cPb8e=6l[`�\�U*puX�U1SdZOk�S:U1Z1k�S,X\�[1b8\�UDgs\t[�k�b8U�e=\�;�g�X6�`DpfSA;rb86�g�SrÝ��n¡Þ�z

�nÖ

RTX�U1SdZOk�S:U1Z1k�S¢`�\�U,pfS�[�k�b8U�e=\�; Xs�2g�S:c�\�ef`,pfSd`<X6�6�WdSd`¢�Y£n§n¶s�!c�U�e=6�Z:e=cLXpfS:;rS:6�[�W:[1W�U1Sd`1[�U1S:e=6�[1St]�g�Sd`ZdS:U1Z:pfSd`2X8ZYX8g�W:;<ef~l\�Sd`Yz¦|}p=pfS�U1S:6LXFrf[Tg�S:c�\�ef`T~l\�S:pf~l\�Sd`TX6�6�WdSd`{S:6Cc�U1Wd`1S:6l[OX6�[2pfS}Z:9�Z:pfS�gs\B[�k�b8U�e=\�;Ñ�5�@kon Ê5ËEË �A�Zdb8;<;rSV\�6�ZYX6�gsefg�X[rg�SVZdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSV6�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1S¢gs\�UOX>�pfSn�}X6l[�e=c�U1b8p=e�o5W:UOX6l[^S:[�g�b86l[<pfSd`,g�WdZ1k�S:[1`<`1b86l[;rb8e=6�`0UOX8gsefb�X8Z:[�e�oE`Yz�à3b8\�`@o�Xef`1b86�`@;^Xe=6�[1S:6LX6l[�\�6¢c#b8e=6�[D`1\�U*pfSd`DXd�nX6�[OXm�Sd`3S:[*pfSd`*e=6�Zdb86���W:6�efS:6l[1`3p=efWd`D]p�w \�`OXm�SCgs\t[�k�b8U�e=\�;ÔS:6tU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�UD6l\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Snz

x�y 4 yz {)|�}�~�� }��3�����@���B�������������g�������o�^}����g�@�3�I�����>_?aH��-EoC��+�D��fgEo����?afgEo�����- ¡H����¢?�AD¢+�� a£+¤�¥"¦I¤D¥"§o¨

R{S�[�k�b8U�e=\�; Sd`�[Ac�p=\�`&pfW:m�S:U&~l\�S�p�w Ê5Ë�© �?�#S:[Ap�w Ê5ËEË � X�\�6�S,[�U1�d`3o�Xe=>�pfS�`OSdZ:[�efb86vS�ã^ZYX8ZdS<g�S<ZYXc�[�\�U1Snzµ SdZ:ePX&g�w e=;<c#b8U�[OX6�[1Sd`@Zdb86�`1Wd~l\�S:6�ZdSd`.`1\�U}puXAUOX8gsefb8[1bd�sefZ:e=[1W3g�Sd`.Zdb8;B>�\�`1[�e=>�pfSd`/e=U�UOX8gsefWd`.\�[�e=p=ef`OX6�[ÄpfS0Z:9sZ:pfSgs\j[�k�b8U�e=\�;t�PS:p=pfSC`1S:UOXe=[A],pfb86�m^[1S:U�;rSBe=6�[�U�e=6�`1�d~l\�S:;rS:6�[Ac�p=\�`DoEXe=>�pfSC~l\�SCZdS:p=pfS?g�w \�6«ª3¬�­}�Pgs\to�Xe=[D~l\�Sp�wxS��sZ:\�U1`1efb86yS:6�;^X8`1`1SCg�Sd`�6�bY9�X\s�tc�U1b�gs\�e=[1`DcLXU�e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb86�Sd`�[06�S:[�[1S:;rS:6�[AU1Wdgs\�e=[1S�S:[DZdb86�gs\�e=[Ag�b86�Z],\�6�S&c�p=\�`@o�Xe=>�pfSCZ:U1WYX[�efb86jg�w�X8Z:[�e=6�efg�Sd`3Zdb8;<;rS&pfS&à�c{����\{��Ó�;Øb8\ µ ;tz

>_?aH��-EoC��+�D��fgEo����?���EZ®o?Zh°¯�±��+h�fI�+h-²4CF?4C³¢?BA�¢+�3H"E�h��+�D�R{Sd`&`1[1blZOÜ�`&S��sef`�[OX6�[1`&g�S,c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;t�TZ:e=�le=p�Zdb8;<;rS,;<e=p=e=[OXe=U1Sn��U1S:c�U1Wd`1S:6l[1S:6�[,X\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�e}\�6�S�;^X�¥

[�ef�:U1SC�nXpfb8U�ef`OX>�pfS&cLXUD`Ob86tZdb86�[1S:6�\_W:6�S:U�m�W:[�ef~l\�Sn��;^Xef`0c�U1Wd`OS:6�[1S:6�[�\�6tU�ef`1~l\�SCW:��efg�S:6�[DZdb8;<;rSB;^X[�ef�:U1Sc�U1b8p=e�o5W:UOX6l[1S�S:[�]VkLX\�[1SrUOX8gsefb8[1bY��efZ:e=[1Wnz7R}w�XU�mn\�;rS:6�[<~l\�e.Zdb86�`�ef`�[1S�]Vc�U1Wd`1S:6�[1S:U?pfS<c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;ßZdb8;<;rS\�6�S3;^X[�ef�:U1SC]CU�ef`1~l\�S3~�\�e#g�b8e=[*¸:[�U1S3W:p=e=;<e=6�WdSAg�w \�6�S�o�X8Ídb86V`�´�U1S��5S:[@6�b86VcLX8`@`�[1blZOÜ�WdS3\�6�ef~�\�S:;rS:6l[��ÄSd`�[ZdS:U�[OXe=6�S:;rS:6�[*�nXpuX>�pfSn��;^Xef`/e=p�o�X\�[.6�b8[1S:U@~l\�S0puXAo�X8Ídb86�`�´�U1SDg�wxW:p=e=;<e=6�S:U@pfS0c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;Ã6{wxSd`�[@X\�[�U1S�~l\�Sg�SCpfSCZdb86�`Ob8;<;rS:U�g�X6�`0\�6jU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�UD6�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1SnzPR{Sd`�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`A�@k���\�cPS:U�;rS:[�[1S:6l[�g�SBZdb86�`Ob8;<;rS:UpfSqc�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;ß`�X6�`?pfS�U1W:m�W:6�W:U1S:U<cLXU,ZYXc�[�\�U1S�UOX8gseuX[�e=��S¢`1\�UBp�w�Ê5Ë�©1� S:[,`1b86l[,g�b86�Z�mnpfb8>LXpfS:;rS:6�[^c�p=\�`S�ã^ZYX8ZdSd`�~l\�S&ZdS:\s�¢Zdb86�[1S:6LX6�[Ag�S&p�w \�UOX6�e=\�;tz

>_?aH��-EoC��+�D��fgEo����?afgEo�����- ¡H����¢?�AD¢+�� KµWA-H"?�¶w¯�?4 ³��µ<�3H·H"µ<�-¸°¯�?afgEo�����- "H���E�hu,w \�6�c#b8e=6�[,g�S��l\�S^6�S:\�[�U1b86�ef~�\�Sn�2puXjZ:U1WYX[�efb86ag�w Ê5ËEË � g�X6�`?pfSd`?Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`rX\�[�k�b8U�e=\�;�S:[�`OX

Zdb86�`1b8;<;^X[�efb86hS:6aZd A\�U?c#S:U�;rS:[�[�UOXefS:6�[rg�w�X[�[1S:e=6�gsU1SVg�Sd`�[OX\s�Ig�SqZdb8;B>�\�`�[�efb86ºW:pfS:��Wd`<Xd��SdZq\�6�c�p=\�`oEXe=>�pfS^S:6�U�efZ1k�ef`1`1S:;rS:6l[�~l\�S<cLXUCUOXc�c#b8U�[?]V\�6IZdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS�\�UOX6�e=\�;,¥�c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;tz�uAX6�`CpfSd`BZdb8;B>�\�`�¥[�e=>�pfSd`�]0p�w \�UOX6�e=\�;t�p�w ef`1b8[1b8c#S}�L`O`�e=pfS Ê5Ë�¹ �}\ Sd`�[!Z:U1WdW/;^Xef`7`¦w�X8ZdZdb8;<cLXmn6�SÄg�w \�6�S/c�U1b�gs\�Z:[�efb86�e=;<c#b8U�[OX6�[1Sg�w ef`1b8[1b8c#Sd`.`�\�c#W:U�efS:\�U1`!Æ ¬ ¨ ® ½ ­�ÀVÀP­ È ª5®�³8À ½��lg�b86�[/6�b8[OX;<;rS:6�[ÄpfS Ê+º�» ��\C��~l\�eLSd`�[.\�6<o5b8U�[ÄX>�`1b8U�>LX6�[/6�S:\s¥[�U1b86�ef~�\�SnzsR}w�X8ZdZ:\�;?\�puX[�efb86jg�Sd`Äc�U1blgs\�e=[1`Äg�SD�L`1`�efb86qm�X�YS:\s�q]Cp�w e=6l[1W:U�efS:\�U0gs\qZ:UOXY9�b86¢Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS3c#bn`1S\�6�SDp=e=;<e=[1S3`�\�U/pfSD[OX\s�^g�S3Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�efb86t]C6�SDcLX8`Äg�W:cLX8`1`1S:U@X���6qg�S�m�XU1g�S:U/[1b8\8��b8\�U1`/\�6�SDc�U1Sd`1`1efb86�e=6l[1W�¥U�efS:\�U1SBgs\jZ:UOXY9�b86�e=6soEW:U�efS:\�U1S?]<puX,c�U1Sd`1`�efb86jgs\�Z:e=U1Z:\�e=[Dc�U�e=;^Xe=U1S^�LZdS:[�[1S?X8ZdZ:\�;B\�puX[�efb86_`1S:UOXe=[�;rb8e=6�gsU1Sg�X6�`0pfS&Z:9sZ:pfS&[�k�b8U�e=\�;tÝ Î�¶8Þ�z

��¤

�!XU�Xe=p=pfS:\�U1`?pfS^gsefbY��9sg�S^g�S^[�k�b8U�e=\�;åc�U1Wd`OS:6�[1S�\�6�S<c�p=\�`BmnUOX6�g�Sq`�[OX>�e=p=e=[1W�Z1k�e=;<ef~l\�S�gs\�o�Xe=[?~l\�S�@k(¼

2Sd`�[&puX�oEb8U�;rS<puXqc�p=\�`?bd�s9�g�WdSrgs\�[�k�b8U�e=\�;t�7Xpfb8U1`C~l\�S,p�w \�UOX6�e=\�;åg�X6�`CpuX�oEb8U�;rSr�&¼

26{w�XVcLX8`

X[�[1S:e=6l[A`Ob86�g�S:mnU1W�g�wxbd�s9�g�X[�efb86_;^X��se=;^Xp@�5~l\�e7Sd`1[��3¼

8��z µ SdZ:e!Sd`�[D\�6ycPb8e=6l[3~l\�e(��b8\�S?S:6jo�Xd��S:\�U&gs\

[�k�b8U�e=\�; Zdb8;<;rS^;^X[�U�efZdS^Zdb86l[1S:6LX6�[�pfSrZdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS�e=U�UOX8gsefW^g�X6�`B\�6�Sr`�[�UOX[1W:mnefS�g�Sr`�[1b�Z1ÜnXm�S^Xc�U1�d`cLX8`1`�Xm�S&S:6¢U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U�`OX6�`*U1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6l[Yz

>@?I iC�²I "?4C�¼�?I i¯D?�H���E�C&�+���R.w e=;<cPb8U�[OX6�ZdS_g�Sd`rU1Wd`OS:U���Sd`qg�Sj[�k�b8U�e=\�;t�/~l\�e�`OS:UOXe=[qç�]vÎvoEb8ef`^c�p=\�`VX>#b86�g�X6�[V~�\�Sjp�w \�UOX6�e=\�;

g�X6�`.puXCZ:U1b&´�[1S�[1S:U�U1Sd`�[�U1Sn��Sd`�[/`1b8\���S:6�[@Z:e=[1WdSDZdb8;<;rS�\�6qXY�8X6l[OXm�SDe=;<c#b8U�[OX6�[*gs\r[�k�b8U�e=\�; cLXU.UOXc�c#b8U�[]Vp�w \�UOX6�e=\�;tz µ S:[�[1SVX>Pb86�g�X6�ZdSqSd`�[C\�6�SqZdb86�`1Wd~l\�S:6�ZdS^gse=U1SdZ:[1Sqg�SrpuXtc�p=\�`BmnUOX6�g�S�cPW:U�efb�g�S^g�SqÊ5Ë�Ê��@k�5S:6l�le=U1b86y�:ÎC;<e=p=p=euXU1g�`/g�w�X6�6�WdSd`��7o�X8ZdS�]&ZdS:p=pfS0g�SDp�w Ê5Ë�© ���5S:6���e=U1b86�Î���¡A;<e=p=p=euXU1g�`Äg�w�X6�6�WdSd`�����;^Xef`.e=p�o�X\�[6�b8[1S:UD~l\�S&pfSd`DU1Wd`1S:U���Sd`Dg�S&[�k�b8U�e=\�; `1b86l[0;rb8e=6�`D>�efS:6�Zdb86�6�\�Sd`3gs\to�Xe=[Dgs\tc#S:\jg�S&c�U1bn`�c#SdZ:[�efb86�~l\�S&pfS;<e=6�S:UOXeTg�SA[�k�b8U�e=\�; X,Zdb86�6�\�k�ef`�[1b8U�ef~�\�S:;rS:6l[Yz

¼�UY�#`�e7pfS?oEXe=[A~l\�S?pfSd`3U1Wd`1S:U���Sd`&S��sef`�[OX6l[1Sd`&g�S?[�k�b8U�e=\�; g�b8e=��S:6l[C¸:[�U1S<S�É#SdZ:[�e=��S:;rS:6l[C`�\sã^`OX;<;rS:6l[e=;<c#b8U�[OX6�[1Sd`&c#b8\�UC`1b86�m�S:UC]qZdb86�`�[�U�\�e=U1S<\�6�S�e=6�gs\�`�[�U�efS^X\�[1b8\�UCg�S,ZdS,;<e=6�S:UOXe��#pfS?o�Xe=[C~�\{wxS:p=pfSd`&`1b8efS:6l[c�p=\�`VX>Pb86�g�X6l[1Sd`¢~�\�S�pfSd`�U1Wd`1S:U���Sd`Vg�w \�UOX6�e=\�; 6{wxSd`1[�cLX8`Y�Ä]v6�bn`�9�S:\s���.[�U1�d`qc#S:U�[�e=6�S:6�[t]vZdb8\�U�[¢b8\;rb¦9�S:6Á[1S:U�;rSn�}c�\�ef`O~�\�S¢pfStU1SdZdb8\�U1`�]_puX�`1\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[�efb86�bÉ#U�e=UOXe=[^g�Sd`rc#S:U1`�c#SdZ:[�e=��Sd`^g�w \�[�e=p=ef`OX[�efb86{�Äg�Sp�w \�UOX6�e=\�; Zdb8;<;rSjgs\h[�k�b8U�e=\�;t�/~�\�e0U1Sd`1[1S:6�[^Wd~l\�e=�8XpfS:6l[1Sd`q]�p�wxWdZ1k�S:p=pfS�k�\�;^Xe=6�Snz.R.w e=;<cPb8U�[OX6�ZdSyg�Sd`U1Wd`1S:U���Sd`Vg�Sy[�k�b8U�e=\�; 6�SyU1S:c�U1Wd`1S:6�[1S:UOXe=[j\�6�U1WdS:pCXY�8X6l[OXm�S_cLXUqUOXc�c#b8U�[j]�p�w \�UOX6�e=\�; ~�\�S_g�X6�`VpfS[�U1�d`Dpfb86�mr[1S:U�;rSn��>�efS:6_X\�g�S:pu]<g�Sd`Dk�b8U�e=�Yb86�`�~l\�eT`1b86l[3X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�e7c�U1W:�lef`�e=>�pfSd`¦z µ S:cPS:6�g�X6l[Y�(g�X6�`�\�6Zdb86l[1S���[1Stg�w e=6�g�W:c#S:6�g�X6�ZdS¢6LX[�efb86LXpfSn�.p�w e=;<cPb8U�[OX6�ZdStg�Sd`,U1Wd`OS:U���Sd`rg�SV[�k�b8U�e=\�;äcLXU<UOXc�c#b8U�[�]_ZdS:p=pfSd`g�w \�UOX6�e=\�;�g�w \�6�cLXd9s`?c#S:\�[,S�É#SdZ:[�e=��S:;rS:6l[r¸:[�U1S^\�6ºXU�mn\�;rS:6�[rg�S^cPb8efg�`,Zdb8;<;rSqp�w e=p=p=\�`�[�U1S�pfS�ZYX8`,g�Sp�wxÛ�6�g�Sn��~l\�e�;r�:6�S�\�6rc�U1b8mnUOX;<;rSAg�S0U1SdZ1k�S:U1ZOk�SAS:[/g�SDg�W:��S:pfb8c�c#S:;rS:6�[@e=;<c#b8U�[OX6�[*X\�[1b8\�UÄgs\�[�k�b8U�e=\�;tz

x�y 4 y�½ ¾F~@����~-|�¿�~@����~�� �B�_���a���-�������F� ���������À}����g�@�3�I�����RTSd`Dg�Wd`OXY�8X6l[OXm�Sd`Y�L~l\LX6�[�]rS:\s�#��`OS&Zdb86�ZdS:6�[�U1S:6�[A6�b86tcLX8`�g�X6�`*puX,cLXU�[�efSB6�S:\�[�U1b86�ef~�\�S?gs\jZdb8\�c�pfS

�@kon8Ê5ËEË1�?��;^Xef`�g�X6�`DpfSd`�gse�ã^Z:\�p=[1Wd`3~l\{wxb86tc#S:\�[DU1S:6�Zdb86l[�U1S:U&]<p�w�X;rb86�[AS:[3],p�w�XY�8Xp7gs\�Z:9sZ:pfSnzP¼�6jc#S:\�[6�b8[OX;<;rS:6l[D;rS:6�[�efb86�6�S:U,�

•R2X36�WdZdSd`1`�e=[1W@g�S*gsef`�c#bn`1S:U�g�w \�6<e=6���S:6�[OXe=U1S0�L`1`�e=pfS*X\,c�U1WYXpuX>�pfSB��c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;t��Ê5Ë�Á1��b8\rÊ5ËEË1�3�2c#b8\�U\�[�e=p=ef`OS:U0\�6jZdb8;B>�\�`1[�e=>�pfS?]�>LX8`1SCg�SA[�k�b8U�e=\�;tz

•R2Xyc�U1blgs\�Z:[�efb86hg�w Ê5ËEË � `Yw�X8ZdZdb8;<cLXmn6�S:UOX_e=6�W:��e=[OX>�pfS:;rS:6�[qg�SVZdS:p=pfS¢g�SV[�UOX8ZdSd`<g�w Ê5Ë�Ê �?�7c�U1b�gs\�e=[`OS:pfb86jg�S:\s�q��b8efSd`Dc�U�e=6�Z:e=cLXpfSd`B�í�cLXU,g�WdZ:U1b8ef`O`OX6�ZdS¢gs\ 232 �7Xs�!p=\�e�¥�;r¸:;rSVc�U1b�gs\�e=[,cLXU�U1WYX8Z:[�efb86hg�SVZYXc�[�\�U1SV6�S:\�[�U1b86�ef~l\�S¢`�\�U

231 �7Xs��c�U1b¦��S:6LX6�[Ags\ 231 �@ktZ:U1WdW&cLXU0U1WYX8Z:[�efb86a��6{���6(�@`�\�U Ê5Ë�Ê �@kTzí�cLXU0U1SYX8Z:[�efb86I��6{���6(�@`�\�U3Ê5ËEË��?z

�n§

¼�UY��pfSd`�g�Wd`�e=6�[1W:mnUOX[�efb86�`α`�\�ZdZdSd`1`�e=��Sd`0g�SCp�w�Ê5Ë�Ê�� �5g�S&cPW:U�efb�g�SBÖn§s��£rX6�`��@X>Pb8\�[�ef`1`OS:6�[3]�puXrZ:U1WYX�¥

[�efb86Vg�wxW:;rS:[�[1S:\�U1`@m�X;<;^XBg�SDkLX\�[1S�W:6�S:U�mnefS,��6�b8[OX;<;rS:6�[*pfS ÊÃÂëÊ ´Äe�S:[/pfS Ê+»�© �@p���zaRTXCo�X>�U�efZYX[�efb86g�SrZdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS�]q>LX8`OS<g�w Ê5ËEË �%`OS:UOXe=[Cg�b86�Zrg�W:p=efZYX[1Sn�T]¢ZYX\�`1S<g�S,puX¢6�blZ:e=��e=[1W,UOX8gsefb8pfb8mnef~�\�S�g�Sp�w�Ê5Ë�Ê���z µ SdZ:e}c�U1Wd`�\�c�c#bn`1S,p�wxS��sef`�[1S:6�ZdSrg�w \�6�S<e=6so5UOX8`�[�U�\�Z:[�\�U1S^e=6�gs\�`�[�U�efS:p=pfS^Xc�c�U1b8c�U�efWdS�]¢puXq;^X6�e�¥c�\�puX[�efb86Vg�SDZdS�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSn�s~l\�eLg�S:�lUOXB¸:[�U1S�S�É�SdZ:[�\�WdS�]Bgsef`�[OX6�ZdSn��g�S:U�U�ef�:U1SDg�Sd`/>�p=e=6�g�Xm�Sd`ÄS:[Äg�S;^X6�ef�:U1SBU1b8>Pb8[�ef`1WdSnz

•R{S?cLX8`1`OXm�S,X\�Z:9�Z:pfS?[�k�b8U�e=\�; 6�WdZdSd`1`�e=[1S:UOXs�P>�efS:6�S:6�[1S:6�gs\{��g�S�g�W:��S:pfb8c�cPS:U&p�w e=6�gs\�`1[�U�efS?;<e=6�ef�:U1SX\�[1b8\�U3g�S&ZdS&;<e=6�S:UOXe���c#b8e=6�[D`�\�U*pfSd~l\�S:p{p�w \�UOX6�e=\�; X<X\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�eT\�6jZ:puXe=U�XY�8X6l[OXm�Snz

��S:;^XU1~�\�b86�`*~l\�SAZdS:U�[OXe=6�`DX\�[1S:\�U1`@oEb86�[*g�SApuX�Zdb86�[OX;<e=6LX[�efb86�g�S3p�w�Ê5ËEË1� cLXU@p�w�Ê5Ë�Ê�� \�6tXU�mn\�;rS:6�[[1b8\�[1S�o5b8ef`CoEXY��b8UOX>�pfS^]qp�w�X6�[�e�¥�c�U1b8p=e�oEW:UOX[�efb86ag�S<[1b8\�[CZdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSq]q>LX8`1S<g�w Ê5ËEË ��z�d�b8U1`&g�S,[1b8\�[?g�W:>LX[Zdb86�ZdS:U�6LX6�[?puXqc�U1b8p=e�o5W:UOX[�efb86�g�S,p�w Ê5ËEË �?�#ZdS:[�[1SrZdb86l[OX;<e=6LX[�efb86�cLXU&p�w Ê5Ë�Ê � U1S:6�gsUOXVpfS,U1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6�[�g�Sd`Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`�e=U�UOX8gsefWd`0>#SYX\�Zdb8\�cjc�p=\�`DZdb&´�[1S:\s�¢S:[0ZdSdZ:e2Sd`�[0ZdS:U�[OXe=6�S:;rS:6�[3\�6tkLX6�gsefZYXc{z

ÄÆÅ�Ç È )ÆÉkÊ�Ë�ÌkÍ�ÎO)ÆÉ

à3b8\�`!��S:6�b86�`.g�wxW:[OX>�p=e=U}puX&6�WdZdSd`1`�e=[1W*g�w \�6�S*;rS:e=p=pfS:\�U1S*\�[�e=p=ef`�X[�efb86^g�S*puX3;^X[�ef�:U1S@oES:U�[�e=pfS0S:6rW:��b�~�\LX6l[pfS�c�U1b8>�pf�:;rS�g�Sd`3U1Wd`1S:U���Sd`AS:[Ag�w e=p=p=\�`�[�U1S:UApfS?Zdb86�ZdS:c�[&g�S?puX^`1\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[�efb86{z�à�b8\�`&Xd��b86�`&W:m�XpfS:;rS:6l[&U1S�¥;^XU1~�\�WV~l\{wxS:6�`1cPSdZ:[�U1S�[�k�S:U�;<ef~�\�Sn�!`1S:\�pÄpfSqZ:9�Z:pfS�[�k�b8U�e=\�;ßcPbn`1`O�dg�Sr\�6�>�e=puX6�6�S:\�[�U1b86�ef~l\�SV`�\sã^`OX6l[cPb8\�UÄc#S:U�;rS:[�[�U1S3ZdS:[�[1S3`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[�efb86{��~l\�e(Sd`�[/cLXU�[�efZ:\�p=ef�:U1S:;rS:6�[0e=6l[1W:U1Sd`1`OX6l[1Sn��ZYXUÄS:p=pfS�cPS:U�;rS:[@g�Sd`Äe=6s¥��S:6�[OXe=U1Sd`7o�Xe=>�pfSd`!g�S};^X[�ef�:U1S/�L`1`�e=pfSÄ]0p�wxWd~l\�e=p=e=>�U1S.c#b8\�U!g�Sd`TU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`!ef`1b8m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U1`�S:6�Z:9�Z:pfSÄ�@kon Ê5ËEË ���S:[�g�b86�Zn��g�X6�`D\�6�`1ZdW:6LXU�efb^g�SCg�W:c�pfb8efS:;rS:6�[&b&ptp�w�Ê5ËEË1�ÌSd`�[0c�U1b�gs\�e=[�S:6yX;rb86�[Y�Lg�Sd`D[1S:;<c�`�g�SBg�b8\�>�pfS�¥;rS:6�[Cc�p=\�`C>�U1S�o5`Y��Xc�[1Sd`B]q;<efS:\s�_U1W:c#b86�gsU1Sr]q\�6�SrX\�mn;rS:6�[OX[�efb86�UOXc�efg�S^g�S?puXVg�S:;^X6�g�S^S:6vW:6�S:U�mnefS6�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1Snz

R}w e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb86ºg�w \�6�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS¢]¢>LX8`OS^g�S^·�¼ÐÏ�¥��@k���\ac#S:U�;rS:[?g�S^Z:U1WdS:U�pfSr6�b¦9�X\��L`O`�e=pfS Ê5ËEË �S:6t~�\LX6l[�e=[1Wd`@e=;<cPb8U�[OX6l[1Sd`Yz<u&X6�`ÄpfSAZdb86�[1S��s[1SAo�UOX6�ÍYXef`*S:[0]?Zdb8\�U�[*[1S:U�;rSn��`�ePpfS�[�k�b8U�e=\�;�X?\�6�SAZ1kLX6�ZdSg�wx¸:[�U1S}e=6l[�U1blgs\�e=[Y�ZnwxSd`�[{cLXU{p�w e=6l[1S:U�;rWdgseuXe=U1S@g�w \�6�S}\�[�e=p=ef`OX[�efb86�`OX6�`�;rb�gse��LZYX[�efb86B;^X���S:\�U1S.g�Sd`{U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`]BSYX\V`1b8\�`.c�U1Sd`1`�efb86{z µ Sd`.U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`*S��sef`�[1S:6�[@g�W �1]CS:[.pfS�cLXU1Z3S���ef`�[OX6l[Ä`OS:UOX&c�U1b8>LX>�pfS:;rS:6�[*U1S:6�b8\���S:p=pfWnzRTX&��b8efS3`�\�e=��efS0g�X6�`.ZdS:[�[1S�[�k��d`1S0Sd`1[/g�S*�nXpfb8U�ef`1S:U.pfSd`/c#b8[1S:6�[�euXp=e=[1Wd`@~�\{wxb86l[.pfSd`.U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`Äg�w�X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�eS:6�[OX6l[/~l\{w e=6�[1S:U�;rWdgseuXe=U1Sd`0g�w \�6�SD[�UOX6�`�e=[�efb86q��S:U1`/g�Sd`/U1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`.ef`Ob8m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U1`Ä�@kon Ê5ËEË � S:6�W:[�\�gseuX6�[p�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb86�gs\jZdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSB·�¼ÐÏ�¥��@k���\yg�X6�`0\�6�SAm�Wdb8;rW:[�U�efSBg�SB�D|}�hZdb86l��S:6�[�efb86�6�S:p�z

�!XU0Xe=p=pfS:\�U1`Y��cLXU�;<e#pfSd`ÄcLXd9s`@~�\�eP\�[�e=p=ef`1S:6l[ÄpfS�6�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1S&Z:e=��e=p��lpuX)Y�UOX6�ZdS3c#bn`1`1�dg�SD\�6¢X[1b8\�[Ä;^X���S:\�U~�\�e7puXrgse�É�W:U1S:6�Z:efS,g�Sd`3X\�[�U1Sd`,�(S:p=pfSBc#bn`1`1�dg�SBp�w e=6so�UOX8`�[�U�\�Z:[�\�U1S�e=6�gs\�`�[�U�efS:p=pfS,g�SBU1S:[�UOXe=[1S:;rS:6�[Cgs\yc�p=\�[1b¥6�e=\�;t�!S:[?puX�Z:\�p=[�\�U1Sq[1SdZ1k�6�ef~l\�SVX8`O`1blZ:efWdSnzDuA�d`�X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�e��!puXaY�UOX6�ZdSVgsef`�c#bn`1S^g�W �1]�g�Sd`�Zdb86�gse=[�efb86�`6�WdZdSd`1`OXe=U1Sd`V�5`�[1b�Z1Üs`Cg�S<c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;å`OW:cLXU1Wn�T`�[1b�Z1Üs`Cg�S<[�k�b8U�e=\�;t�Te=6so�UOX8`�[�U�\�Z:[�\�U1Sd`�g�S,o�X>�U�efZYX[�efb86(�&~l\�ep=\�eTc#S:U�;rS:[�[�UOXefS:6�[&g�S&o�X>�U�ef~l\�S:UDe=6�gs\�`�[�U�efS:p=pfS:;rS:6l[Ag�Sd`�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSd`Ag�SB[�9�cPSCbY��9sg�SC;<e��s[1SB�@k��}\(¼

2z

�n£

�!XUVpuX�`�\�e=[1Sn�Äb86�g�Wd`�e=mn6�S:UOX�ZdS�[�9lc#Syg�S�Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSn�@e=6�gsef`�[�e=6�Z:[1S:;rS:6�[Y�DZdb8;<;rSy·�¼ÐÏ ª�©�³8® ¨�(�½�b8\·�¼ÐÏ�¥��@k���\{z

ile�cLXU3Xe=p=pfS:\�U1`Y�spuX,��b8pfb86�[1W?W:[OXe=[0g�w e=6�Z:e=6�W:U1S:UDpfS&;<efS:\s�Vc#bn`1`�e=>�pfSApfSAc�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;Ì�5ZdSB~�\�e�U1S:��efS:6�gsUOXe=[]qU1S:6�gsU1S<c�p=\�`?Zdb8;<c�p=ef~�\�WdS^\�6�SrW:��S:6�[�\�S:p=pfS^[�UOX6�`�e=[�efb86���S:U1`CpfSd`C`�\�U�m�W:6�W:UOX[1S:\�U1`?UOXc�efg�Sd`C[�9�c#Sr�Dà3�3���p�w e=6�Z:e=6�W:UOX[�efb86ºgs\�c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;ßg�X6�`,g�Sd`?;^X[�U�efZdSd`,Zdb86�[1S:6LX6�[rg�S�p�w \�UOX6�e=\�;ß;^X6�~�\�Sqg�wxS�ã^ZYX8Z:e=[1W¢ZYXUpfSd`�ef`1b8[1b8c#Sd`Dgs\yc�p=\�[1b86�e=\�; `Ob86�[AZ:U1WdWd`3]rcLXU�[�e=U3g�Sd`3ZYXc�[�\�U1Sd`3UOX8gseuX[�e=��Sd`&`�\�UDp�w Ê5Ë�© ���LSd`1`OS:6�[�efS:p=pfS:;rS:6�[YzR{S<Zdb8;?>�\�`�[�e=>�pfSr·�¼ÐÏ�¥��@k���\�c#S:U�;rS:[�[�UOXe=[Bg�w e=6�Z:e=6�W:U1S:UCc�p=\�`BS�ã^ZYX8ZdS:;rS:6�[BpfS,c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;t�7]VZYX\�`1S<g�Sp�w�X>�`1S:6�ZdS�g�SD~l\LX6�[�e=[1Wd`Ä`�e=mn6�e��LZYX[�e=��Sd`@g�w Ê5Ë�© � g�X6�`.pfS�Zdb8;B>�\�`�[�e=>�pfS3~l\�eLU1S:6�g�S:6�[Äp�wxS���Z:\�U1`�efb86�S:6�;^X8`1`1Sn�]�cLXU�[�e=UDg�SBZYXc�[�\�U1Sd`0UOX8gseuX[�e=��Sd`D`1\�ZdZdSd`1`�e=��Sd`!��\�`1~l\{w�X\s�qef`1b8[1b8c#Sd`0gs\¢c�p=\�[1b86�e=\�;t�Lc�p=\�`Dgse�ã^Z:e=pfSnz

çn¶

Ñ ÒÔÓÖÕM×ZØ)ÙKÚ Û

Ü Ý Þ ßáà�Ý à âZãåäæßRç�èêéìë�ßRí î ï ðòñ

RTXIcLXU�[�efZ:e=cLX[�efb&óÐ]�p�wxWdZ:U�e=[�\�U1S�gs\ Zdblg�S�ô/ª3õ�ö×Ý Î�£Þ^�Ãbø÷3ù/ú 52ª ¨�¿ ¨ ª+* ò ³8®¢±0­�¬�²Yª�³8® (�î ³ ¿ È ª ¨ ³8À �VXZdb&ó�`�[�e=[�\�W�\Wó�S*cLXU�[/Sd`1`OS�ó�[�efS:p=pfSDg�SDZdS0[�UOXd�nXe=p(g�S0[�k��d`1SnzWô/ª3õ�örSd`�[/X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�eP\Wó�S0e�ó�[1S:U�o�X8ZdSDZdb&û<c�pf�:[1SXd��SdZjpfStZdblg�S¢g�St[�UOX�ó�`�cPb8U�[�·�b&ól[1S µ XU�pfb�ô/ü�ý3þºZ:U1WdWdSj`�cPWdZ:euXpfS�ûrS�ól[^c#b8\�U^ZYXpfZ:\�pfS:Urp�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó�g�S[1b8\�[&`!ÿ�`1[1��ûrS$ó�\�Z:pfWYXe=U1S�cLXU3e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb&ó�g�S)ó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�S:[A~�\�e2e�û<c�pfW�ûrS�ó�[1S,puX^m�W�ó�W:UOX[�efb&ó_S:[3puX<m�Sd`1[�efb&óX\�[1b&û^X[�ef~�\�S?g�S&m�Wdb&ûrW:[�U�efSd`DZdb&û<c�pfS���Sd`�X8g�Xc�[1WdSd`3]<ZdS&Zdb�g�SCg�SA[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[Yz

|}Z:U�e=[qS�ó�[�ef�:U1S�ûrS�ól[tS�óhpuX�ó�m�Xm�S µ qcq S:[�`�\�e=�nX�ó�[�pfSd`^c�U�e�ó�Z:e=c#Sd`qg�S¢puX�c�U1b8mnUOX�û·û^X[�efb&ó b8U�efS�ó�[1WdSb��s��S:[Y�3ô/ª3õ�ö¢Sd`�[D\WójZdblg�SBg�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&óyS�ójZdb&ó�`1[OX�ó�[1S,X�ûrW:p=efb8UOX[�efb&ó���e=pTU1S:c�U1Wd`1S�ó�[1SB\Wój�nX8`�[1S&S�É#b8U�[3g�Sc�U1b8mnUOX�û·û^X[�efb&ó{�{U1S:mnU1b8\�cLX�ól[&c�p=\�`&g�S�~l\LXUOX�ó�[1S ² ¿ ¬ ½�½ ­ ½<g�wxb��s��S:[1`&S:[&Xs��X\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�e��#c�p=\�`&g�S<çn¶q¶n¶n¶p=e=m ó�Sd`Dg�SCZdb�g�Snz

��p=\�`@cLXU�[�efZ:\�p=ef�:U1S�ûrS�ól[Y��ó�b8\�`0XY��b&ó�`DS�ól[�U1S:c�U�ef`0gs\�UOX�ó�[DZdS:[�[1SA[�k��d`OSApfS3g�W:��S:pfb8c�c#S�ûrS�ó�[3g�S3puX�cLXU�[�efSm�W:UOX�ó�[Äp�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó�gs\^`�ÿ�`�[1��ûrSDS:[}pfS0Zdb&ó�[�U1Â8pfS���S�órp=e=m ó�S��0g�S0ZdS:[�[1S�W:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó{z µ SdZ:e(`OS:UOXs����efS�ó^S�ó�[1S�ó�gs\{�g�W:[OXe=p=pfWqcLXU�puXj`�\�e=[1Snz���\�S:p=pfSd`,W:[OXefS�ó�[rXpfb8U1`Y�7S:[�`1b&ól[rX\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�e@S�ó�Zdb8U1Sn�7pfSd`kûrb8[�e=�nX[�efb&ó�`?c#b8\�U,`1SpuX�ó�ZdS:U<g�X�ó�`?\Wóa�nX8`�[1S^ZOkLX�ó�[�efS:U^g�Sqg�W:��S:pfb8c�c#S�ûrS�ó�[rg�w \WóÖó�b8\���SYX\ºZdblg�Sqg�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ótRTSd`�gse=��S:U1`OSd`o5b&ó�Z:[�efb&óWóLXp=e=[1Wd`�g�S ô ª-õ�öVZdb&ó�`�[�e=[�\�S:U1b&ó�[3`OX�ó�`@g�b8\�[1SA\WótW:pfW�ûrS�ó�[Dg�S3U1W:c#b&ó�`1S3�8XpuX���pfSnz�à3b8[1b&ó�`*ZdS:c#S�ós¥g�X�ó�[r~l\{wxS�ó�Z:U1WYX�ól[·ó�b8[�U1Sqc�U1b8c�U1Sqb8\�[�e=p*g�Sq[�UOXd�nXe=p���X\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�e0gsef`�c#b&ó�e���pfS�c#b8\�U,[1b8\�`Y��ó�b8\�`�W:[�efb&ó�``!´�U1`3g�SBZdb&ó�[�U1Â8pfS:U&ZdS:[Ab8\�[�e=p��(g�w�XY��b8e=U�[1b8\�[1S?puXrZdb&óWóLXef`O`OX�ó�ZdS?g�S�ZdSB~l\�SCp�wxb&ójoEXe=[3S:[3g�S?ZdSB~l\�SCp�wxb&ó�ó�SoEXe=[ÄcLX8`@g�X�ó�`�ó�bn`/`�e�û?\�puX[�efb&ó�`Y��g�S�puX&m�Sd`�[�efb&ó¢g�Sd` �LX8`1Sd`@g�S�g�b&óWó�WdSd`*X\s�³ûrW:[�k�b�g�Sd`Äe�ó�[1S:U���S�óLX�ó�[�g�X�ó�`pfSCZYXpfZ:\�pTS:[0pfS&Zdb&ól[�U1Â8pfSBg�S&p�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó{z

i�b8\�p=e=m ó�b&ó�`�g�wxS�û���pfWdSj~l\�SV[1b8\�[rZYXpfZ:\�pcô/ü�ý3þac#S:\�[r¸:[�U1SVc�U1b8mnUOX�û·ûrWtcLXU�ô ª-õ�ö#�!e�ó�g�W:cPS�ó�g�X�û,¥ûrS�ó�[3g�SA[1b8\�[0ZYXpfZ:\�pTg�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó{zL´ÄefS�ój~l\�SAZdb&ó�[1S�óLX�ó�[3c�p=\�`�efS:\�U1`1ûrW:[�k�b�g�Sd`D`1cPWdZ:e��L~l\�S�ûrS�ó�[DZdb&ó�Í:\�Sd`cPb8\�U@¸:[�U1SAXc�c�p=ef~�\�WdSd`@]CpuXB`�e�ûB\�puX[�efb&ó¢g�SDU1WYX8Z:[1S:\�U1`Y�oô ª-õ�ö<c#S:\�[ĸ:[�U1SD\�[�e=p=ef`1W3W:m�XpfS�ûrS�ó�[@cPb8\�U@`�e�û?\�pfS:Ug�w�X\�[�U1Sd`Ä[�ÿ�cPSd`Äg�wxS���c#W:U�efS�ó�ZdSd`Äc�kIÿs`�ef~l\�Sd`@ó�WdZdSd`1`1e=[OX�ó�[@g�Sd`/`�e�û?\�puX[�efb&ó�`@·�b&ól[1S µ XU�pfb?`OX�ó�`/b���p=e=m�X[1b8e=U1S�¥ûrS�ó�[DZYXpfZ:\�pfS:UDp�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&ó{z�Û�p�Sd`�[DX\8��b8\�U1g�w k�\�eT\�[�e=p=ef`1W&g�X�ó�`0ZdSA`1S�ó�`@cLXU/ö����aõ����vS:[*pfSd`@puX��Pb8UOX[1b8e=U1Sd`gs\jR{�/i µ v3U1S�ó�b���pfSn�(il\��LX[1SdZOk�àAX�ó�[1Sd`Db8\jpfS µ |}à�´ÆvÚ],´Äb8U1g�SYX\s����S�ól[�U1S?X\�[�U1Sd`Yz

çs�

� Å�Ä � ÌêÊ��MÌ���� �"!$#&%('*),+ È.-0/

RTS^Zdb�g�S�ô/ü�ý3þGÝ=��ÞA�Ãb ³nÀLª�­ ÷ ¬8® ¿ ³ ù ú ¬8®�ª ¨ ² ¿ ­ ½��&U1S:c�U1Wd`OS�ó�[1S¢X\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�e@p�wxW:[OX[�g�S�p�w�XU�[�S�ó�û^X�¥[�ef�:U1S&g�SA[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[0c�U1b��LX���e=p=ef`�[1SBg�S&cLXU�[�efZ:\�pfSd`Yz<uAW:��S:pfb8c�c#WBX\tRTX��#b8UOX[1b8e=U1SBàAX[�efb&óLXp{g�SCR{bn`0Ó�puX�ûrbn`�2143�ý51����8ZnwxSd`�[�ZdSÄZdblg�Sn��nXp=efg�W/S:[!U1SdZdb&óWól\{�n~�\�esSd`�[7\�[�e=p=ef`1W*X\�Zd A\�U�g�S ô ª-õ�ö?cPb8\�U�`�e�û?\�pfS:U7pfS/[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[g�Sd`1ó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�`¦z

ô/ü�ý3þjS�É#SdZ:[�\�SBpfSC[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[C½ ª�¬nª ¨EÇ:È ­ g�SBcLXU�[�efZ:\�pfSd`Ag�X�ó�`0[1b8\�[1S�Zdb&ós��mn\�UOX[�efb&óy[�U�efgse�ûrS�ó�`1efb&óWó�S:p=pfSg�Scû^X[1W:U�euX\s�jS:[DcPS:U!ûrS:[DS�ó�Zdb&ó�`1Wd~�\�S�ó�ZdS?g�S&[�UOXe=[1S:U�g�Sd`Dm�Wdb&ûrW:[�U�efSd`�S���X8Z:[1Sd`Yz��!XUC½ ª�¬nª ¨EÇ:È ­ b&ó�`1b8\�`�¥S�ól[1S�ó�gy~l\�SPô/ü�ý-þaó�SB[�UOXe=[1S,cLX8`3p�wxW:��b8p=\�[�efb&óvgs\«û^X[1W:U�euX\vg�b&ó�[Ae=p�`�e�ûB\�pfS�p�w e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb&ó{z�à3b8\�`&`1b8\�p=e�¥m ó�b&ó�`}ZdSdZ:e�ZYXU}ZdS:puXASd`1[}`1b8\���S�ó�[}`1b8\�U1ZdS*g�S*Zdb&óso5\�`�efb&órcLXU!û<e�pfSd`}\�[�e=p=ef`OX[1S:\�U1`}~l\�e�b&ó�[�c#S:\rg�wxS���c#W:U�efS�ó�ZdSXY��SdZrZdS^Zdb�g�St��b&ó�c#S:\�[C[�U1�d`6��efS�ó{�7Xd��SdZ�ô ü�ý3þ}�{`�e�û?\�pfS:UBp�w e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb&ó�cLXU$ó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�`?g�w \Wó�û^X[1W:U�euX\�L`1`1e=pfS&S:[0g�S�û^X�ó�g�S:U3X\tZdb�g�S&g�SCZYXpfZ:\�pfS:U0pfS&[OX\s�¢g�S3�L`1`�efb&ó{��cLXU0S���S�û<c�pfSnz�ô/ü�ý3þ^ó�SA[�UOXe=[1SBcPb8\�U�[OX�ól[cLX8`!puXAZdb&ó�`1b&û·û^X[�efb&ó�gs\·û^X[1W:U�euX\<�L`1`�e=pfS*b8\<p�w�Xc�cLXU�e=[�efb&ó^g�S@c�U1b�gs\�e=[1`}g�SÄ�L`1`1efb&ó,`1\�e=[1S0]3p�w e=U�UOX8gseuX[�efb&ó`�e�û?\�pfWdSnz�ile(pfS*[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[/g�SÆó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�`ÄS�É�SdZ:[�\�W0cLXUÆô/ü�ý3þ^Zdb&ó�`�efg��:U1S��efS�ó^puX °&*8À(¬ '�¨EÇ:È ­ gs\r[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[gs\ió�S:\�[�U1b&ó{�lS�órc�U1b8cLXm�SYX�ó�[*ZdS:p=\�e�¥�Z:ePg�X�ó�`}puXAm�Wdb&ûrW:[�U�efSn�lpfS0Zdb�g�S0Sd`�[���efS�ój½ ª�¬nª ¨EÇ:È ­ ZYXU/puX&Zdb&û<c#bn`�e=[�efb&óg�Sd`1û^X[1W:U�euX\s�¢e=U�UOX8gsefWd`DU1Sd`�[1S&[1b8\8��b8\�U1`0ZdS:p=pfSCg�W��<ó�efS&e�ó�e=[�euXpfS�ûrS�ól[�cLXU0p�w \�[�e=p=ef`�X[1S:\�UYz

�/ó�X\�[�U1SDcPb8e�ól[.e�û<c#b8U�[OX�ó�[Ä]B`1b8\�p=e=m ó�S:U/g��d`.pfS0g�W7��\�[/Sd`1[.~�\�S�g�X�ó�`1ô/ü�ý3þ#��[1b8\�[.U1Wd`�\�p=[OX[Ägs\^ZYXpfZ:\�pg�b8e=[q¸:[�U1S�g�S�û^X�ó�g�WycLXU^p�w \�[�e=p=ef`�X[1S:\�UYz µ SdZ:e3�nXvg�b&ó�Z_X\�m ûrS�ó�[1S:UVpuX�g�S�û^X�ó�g�SyS�ó�[1S�û<c�`qg�S�ZYXpfZ:\�pó�WdZdSd`1`�Xe=U1S&S�ótc�p=\�`0gs\t[1S�û<c�`DU1Sd~�\�ef`*c#b8\�U0`�e�û?\�pfS:UDpfSA[�UOX�ó�`�c#b8U�[Dg�Sd`*cLXU�[�efZ:\�pfSd`Yz�8

ô/ü�ý3þyS�É�SdZ:[�\�S�pfS?[�UOX�ó�`1cPb8U�[&g�Sd`3cLXU�[�efZ:\�pfSd`B]�W�ó�S:U�mnefS<Zdb&ó�[�e�ó�\�S�� � \�`1~l\{w�]q�n¶�·yS�âÚcPb8\�UApfSd` ó�S:\s¥[�U1b&ó�`���z7Ó�\8��b8\�U1g�w kl\�e@S��sef`�[1S�\Wó�S^��S:U1`1efb&óa]jkLX\�[1SVW�ó�S:U�mnefSn� ô/ü�ý-þ�­}�7~�\�eÄU1S:cPb8\�`O`1S�ZdS:[�[1S�p=e�û<e=[1SV`�\s¥c#W:U�efS:\�U1S�S�ó�W�ó�S:U�mnefS�cPb8\�UqpfSd`³ó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�`¦�ÄS�ó�\�[�e=p=ef`OX�ól[Vgse=��S:U1`Pûrb�g��:pfSd`�c�k4ÿ�`1ef~�\�Sd`qc#b8\�U�g�WdZ:U�e=U1SypfSd`e�ól[1S:UOX8Z:[�efb&ó�`0]&cLXU�[�e=U@g�w \Wóq`1S:\�e=p#S�ó�W�ó�S:U�mnefSA~l\�eL�nXU�efS�`OS:pfb&ó^puXBcLXU�[�efZ:\�pfS�Zdb&ó�`�efg�W:U1WdSnzoô/ü�ý3þ^cPS:\�[/c�U1b¥cLXm�S:U3g�Sd`Æó�S:\�[�U1b&ó�`Y�(c�k�b8[1b&ó�`�b8\yW:pfSdZ:[�U1b&ó�`Yz-ô ª-õ�öjX^W:[1WC[1Sd`�[1WBcPb8\�U0pfSd`���S:U1`�efb&ó�Î µ S:[DÎ�´ g�Siô/ü�ý-þS:[*Sd`�[@o�X8Z:e=pfS�ûrS�ó�[�X8g�Xc�[OX���pfS?]?g�w�X\�[�U1Sd`D��S:U1`�efb&ó�`*g�Skô/ü�ý3þ_zWu&X�ó�`*ZdS:[�[1S&W:[�\�g�Scó�b8\�`0Xd��b&ó�`D\�[�e=p=ef`1WApuX��S:U1`�efb&ó°ô ü�ý3þ�9<ü�:LzTil\�ZdZ:e�ó�Z:[1S�ûrS�ól[<S:[B]V[�e=[�U1Srg�S<UOXc�c#S:p���ó�b8\�`Bg�b&óWó�b&ó�`BefZ:e}pfSd`&c�U�e�ó�Z:e=c#Sd`Cm�W�ó�W:UOX\s�g�Sd`0`1e�ûB\�puX[�efb&ó�`0cLXUDpfSd`1ûrW:[�k�blg�Sd`�g�S&·�b&ól[1S µ XU�pfb�z

;�yÃx�y�x <Æ�>=��I��~��W�2=1�w�_���^��}����W�����P�_�«� �g}�~@��=1�3� �?=�}��������À� ¿<� �@���_���À�_�A@ �-~��&�CBÀ}��4���DFEHGÆû�I7JLK�MON�EHGN�EC·PM&óQJRE µTS�ULV MWE�É�EHX7JLY�E�óQJZYWó[GLY�\=�O\2]�M�Y ª5®�¬8À ½�Æ ³8®:ª ]^N�E V_S M�Y[N�EHGa` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHGZN�M&ócJ

M&ó&XdK�E U XRK�E�e�I7J S � V \ U�V E6XHM&û,`fM U JRE�û�E�ócJ S Y&GdE7\�ó[N�g YWó�û S JRI U \ S Y[hcY�\�` U IHGRE�óQJRE�YWó�EjikM U û�E6N�M&óWó�IHE�lP¼/óY�JL\ V \bGRE UdS GRM�Y��4E�óQJ V E û�M�J ñ ( ³ '³( ª5® ¨ ­ `fM�Y U i S \ U E U I�ikI U E�ó�XHE�e V g YWó�\=�4E U GGL` S JL\ S�V e V g \�ócJRI U \bE7Y U NmY�hcY�E V M&óE�É�EHX7JLY�E V E6J UdS ó�GL`nM U JaN�EHGo` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHGpl

Ârq5s�t4u � �wv��-�yxg� ���2z|{��w}1���"���kz~} vÿ �y�Tÿ ���k��û��F���������D�F� �3�8ûR���2z �wvÿ � ���û����5v��F�����w��}o���k�2z �����-���_�������F�y�2û�v��yv���2���kvÿe��û��� � �k�d���2z �@�kzlû�vF�wv��/��û�ÿ �wv�ÿZ�4� ��þ����r�2{�ûOþÿ ���c� û����2�_���w}0û��������

�

D5E�·�M&ócJRE µTS�ULV M ¬8À(¬ ¿ ³1ñ È ­ EHGLJ V_S û�I7JLK�MON�EN�Ea� S GRE�hcY�\2]QXHM&û·û�EZGRM&óió�M&û V g \�ó�Nm\bhcY�E�] U E7` U McNmY�\�JTN�Ei S ÍHM&ó>Nm\ U EHX7JRE V E�J UdS �wE7J6`�K4ÿOGL\bhcY�E,hcY�E V EHG�` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHG�GLY�\=� UdS \bE�óQJ�N S ó�G V_S�U I S�V \�JRI�l3ujEHGA� S�U \ S óQJREHG�` V Y�GI V_S �fM U IHEHG N�EWXHE7JLJRE³û�I7JLK�McN�E(E��m\bGLJRE�óQJp]�N�M&óQJ�XHE U J S \�ó�EHG S JLJ U \���Y�E�ócJ�N�EHG�`fM�\bN�G GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EHG�Nm\�É�I U E�óQJRG` S�U ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E�GLY�\=�c\bE�l µ EHGiû�I7JLK�MON�EHG�` V Y�GWI V_S �nM U IHEHGp]�N�M&ócJ�ô/ü�ý3þ.GRE?GRE U Jp]�XdK�E U XRK�E�óQJ&e U IHNmY�\ U E V_S� S�U \ S ó�XHE6N�EHG U IHGRY V J S JRGo\�û,` V \bhQY S ócJaN�EHGoI:�4I�ó�E�û�E�óQJRGa`fE7Y(i U IHhQY�E�ócJRGp]O`fM�Y UoV EHGdhQY�E V G�YWó&GLY�\=�O\ S ó S�V M���Y�EN�EHG�` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHG N�M&óWó�E UdS \�J�E��mJ U ¸�û�E�û�E�óQJ `fE7Y�M�Y>` S G�N�g�MOXHX7Y ULU E�ó�XHEHGplFD�g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U `nE7Y�Jp]�` S�U N�EHGRGRY�GXHEaJ UdS \�JRE�û�E�ócJ�N�E U IHNmY�X7JL\bM&ó&N�E�� S�U \ S ó�XHEhcY�E$ô/ü�ý3þW\�û,` V I�û�E�óQJREj` S�U N�I�i S Y�Jp]cXdK�M�\bGL\ U N�EN�I��<ó�\ U Nm\�É�I�¥U E�óQJRG*Æ ³ ¨ ° ½�N�EHGo` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHGaGRY�\=�c\bEHG�GdE V M&ó V g�E�ó�N U M�\�JN�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�GR\�û�Y V IHE�M&p&XHE V�V EHG�¥�X7\FGREjJ U M�Y��4E�óQJpl�FM�Y�JRE�ikM�\bGp] V EHGaX S�V X7Y V GahcY�\�ó�M�Y�G�XHM&ó�XHE U ó�E�óQJZ\�û,` V \bhQY�E�ócJN�EHG�I:�4I�ó�E�û�E�ócJRGhcY�\3ó�E6GRM&ócJ�` S G UdS�U EHGN S ó�GV g�EHGL` S XHE�M&p?M&ó V EHGoGL\�û�Y V E<�m\ V G�g S ��\�J�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G1óQY�X V I S \ U EHGa\�ó�NmY�\�JREHGo` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&ó&N S ó�GoYWó&XHM&û���Y�G�¥JL\�� V E�GRM�Y�Go\ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó�E�ó U I S X7JRE7Y U óQY�X V I S \ U E�]�X�g�EHGLJo`nM�Y U hQY�M�\�ó�M�Y�G1ó5g S �4M&ó�G�` S Go�nEHGRM�\�ó&N�g Y�JL\ V \bGRE U XHEHGJREHXRKWó�\bhcY�EHGpl@ô ª-õ�ö>EHGLJ�XHE7`fE�ó�N S ócJp]�E�ó�J S óQJ�hQY5g \�ócJRE U i S XHE�XHM&û,` V �7JRE�N�E�ô ü�ý3þW] S `�JRE(e�\�û,` V I�û�E�óQJRE UXHEHGoikM&ó�X7JL\bM&óWó S�V \�JRIHGaGL\ V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y UaV E6N�IHGL\ U E�lD S ` U E�û,\f� U E�I7J S `nE�XHM&ó�GL\bGRJRE�N�M&ó�X�eWN�IHX U \ U E V E�` V Y�GE�� S X7JRE�û�E�óQJZ`fM�GdGL\�� V E�]�GRE V M&ó V EHGaM��s�LEHX7JL\�i�GZNmY

X S�V X7Y V ] V_S ñ ( ³ '³( ª5® ¨ ­ hQY5g�M&óÁ�4E7Y�J�GL\�û�Y V E U ] S \�ó�GL\ZhQY5g|e>I7J S � V \ U�V_S GdM�Y U XHE[N�g�I�û,\bGRGL\bM&ó�N�EHGW` S�U JL\bX7Y V EHGhQY5g�M&ój� S Æ ®�³ Æ ¬¦ñ�­�® e V g \�ócJRI U \bE7Y U N�E6XHE7JLJRE��4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�l µ E7JLJRE6�4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�`fE7Y�JD¸7J U E6N�E�XHM&û,` V E��O\�JRI�J U �HG� S�U \ S � V E�l µ K S hQY�EÀû S JRI U \ S Y.N�E:� UdS E�ÉnEHX7JL\=�4E�û�E�ócJWMcXHX7Y�`nE U YWó�E�i�M U û�E��4IHM&û�I7J U \bhcY�E?N�M&óWó�IHE�]�hcY5g�M&óS `�`fE V�V E UdS ²�­ ¿ë¿ È�¿ ­�� l µ K S hcY�EZXHE V�V Y V E�]�E�ó&M�Y�J U E�]O`nE7Y�Jae GRM&ó�JRM�Y U ¸7J U EjN�IHXHM�Y�`nIHE6E�ó&XHE V�V Y V EHGT\�óQJRI U \bE7Y U EHGGL\ V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U N�IHGL\ U E^û�E7JLJ U E[E�ó�I:�O\bN�E�ó�XHE&N�EHG�E�É�E7JRG�hcY�\1ó�IHXHEHGRGL\�JRE�óQJ�YWó�E�` V Y�G�� UdS ó�N�E U IHGdM V Y�JL\bM&óGL` S JL\ S�V E�M�Y[GRY�\=� U E V g�I:�4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�K�I7JRI U M�����ó�E�N�g YWó�û S JRI U \ S Y5l��ó N�I��<ó�\�JL\=�4E�]�YWó�E�i�M�\bG�N�I��<ó�\bEHG�JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHG�NmY�` U M�� V ��û�E�]�E7JF`fM�Y U XRK S hcY�E�JÃÿc`nE�N�E�` S�U JL\bX7Y V E

GLY�\=�O\bE���N S ó�GÆó�M�J U E6X S Gp]OYWó�\bhQY�E�û�E�ócJaN�EHGÐó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G���]�ô/ü�ý3þ(EHGLJoE�ó û�EHGLY U EjN�EZ` U E�ó�N U E�E�ó?XHM&û,`�JRE�]�GL\E V�V EHG�GRM&ócJ�Nm\bGR`fM&ó�\�� V EHG�N S ó�G�YWó�E�� S GRETN�EoN�M&óWó�IHEHGp]�JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�GdEHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&óWN�ETXRK S hcY�E` S�U JL\bX7Y V E S �4EHX V EHG ó�M�ÿ S Ys�PN�E V_S XHM&û,`fM�GL\�JL\bM&ó�N�EHG û S JRI U \ S Ys��XHM&ó�GLJL\�JLY S óQJ�XdK S hQY�E,XHE V�V Y V E�l3v S�U N�M&ó�Ge V g�EHGL` U \�JahcY5g \ V E��m\bGLJRE6YWó�E U E V_S JL\bM&óPN�Ej��\ �wEHX7JL\bM&óPE�óQJ U E)û S JRI U \ S Ys�&` U \bG�E�ó[XHM&û,`�JRE�N S ó�G V EjJ UdS ó�GL`nM U JE7J V EHGXHE V�V Y V EHGN�I��<ó�\bEHGN S ó�G V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�l-ô/ü�ý3þ?I7J S � V \�JZYWó�E,½ ­1²dª ¨ ³nÀI­¡ Á²1¬�²O­ ' ¬�²:®�³ ½ ²1³ ÆP¨5Ç:È ­<ª�³�ª�¬ ¿ ­°-, ¨ ÀLª�­:®�¬�²Yª ¨ ³8À Σtot(E)

`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�Ecû S JRI U \ S Y��

Σtot(E) =∑

∀i

ρi(∑

∀r

σri (E))

�k�ml�¢��

M&pσr

i (E)EHGLJ V_S ½ ­�²dª ¨ ³8Àv­¡ Á²1¬�²�­ '�¨ ²:®�³ ½ ²O³ Æ(¨EÇ:È ­ ]�E�ó?� S�U ó�GR£ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó&N�E V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�N�E V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E

\�ó�X7\bN�E�óQJRE�E7J�hcY�\_û�EHGLY U E V_S ` U M�� S ��\ V \�JRI�hcY�E V_S&U I S X7JL\bM&órS \�J V \bE7YA` S�U \�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó¤N�E V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E

S �4EHX V Eió�M�ÿ S Yil!¼/óìó�M�JRE

ρiV Eió�M&û�� U E�N�E³ó�M"ÿ S Ys�

i` S�U YWó�\�JRI(N�Er�4M V YWû�E���E�ó

1024/X�û 3 ��l µ E7JLJRE

Ê ÿ � ���y�2}1� ��� �kz|���F�/�2��vF�T{���ÿ|v�}1�/���y¥���z��û��F�@ÿ�û����w��}o�Ã�k�2z\�/���Ð�F� ����ze�1�û��T¦��k��� �w��}1���2z �1�û����/ÿ\�/��� ���Ð��v6§L¨�©�ª7«�¬�������y�2}oz ��z �+����­Ë �!þ8ûd���j®

10−24 �w} 2 �

çnç

GRM&û·û�E6G�g�E�ÉnEHX7JLY�E6`nM�Y U JRM�Y�G V EHGÆó�M"ÿ S Ym¯?` U IHGRE�óQJRGN S ó�G V E û S JRI U \ S Y5lD S Nm\�û�E�ó�GR\bM&ó�N�E

ΣtotEHGLJ�N�M&ó�X V g \�óc°4E U GREoN�g YWó�E V M&ó���Y�E7Y U E7J�û�EHGLY U E S \�ó�GL\ V_S ` U M�� S ��\ V \�JRIo` S�U YWó�\�JRI

N�E V M&ó���Y�E7Y U ��X�û���hcY�E V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E6GLY�\�°O\bE\�óQJRE UdS ��\bGRGREjN S ó�G V E/û S JRI U \ S Y5l�D�g \�óQ°4E U GRE6N�EZXHE7JLJREjhQY S ócJL\�JRIEHGLJ V E V \�� U E�` S�U XHM�Y U GÆû�M�ÿ4E�ó±e,YWó�E�I�ó�E U ��\bE�N�M&óWó�IHE�]

λ(E)]�N�E V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E�N S ó�G V Ecû S JRI U \ S Y5l�ô/ü�ý3þ

XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\�JZN�M&ó�X V_S hQY S ócJL\�JRIΣtot(E)

hcY�\�EHGLJ�YWó�E N�M&óWó�IHE NmY�XHMON�E�]�e,` S�U JL\ U N�EHGZXHM&û,`fM�GL\�JL\bM&ó�GZE7J V EHG� S GREHGaN�E6N�M&óWó�IHEHGÆóQY�X V I S \ U EHGaikM�Y U ó�\bEHGo` S�U�V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l

µ M&óWó S \bGdG S óQJλ(E)

]�ô/ü�ý3þ>`fE7Y�J�GL\�û�Y V E U ]�` S�U YWó�EWGLY�XHXHEHGRGR\bM&óCN�EWJL\ UdS �4EHG S�V I S JRM�\ U EHG�] V E�J UdS�² E7JlE�É�EHX7JL\�i S Y[JL\ UdS �4E�E�ó[XHM�Y U GaE�ócJ U E�N�E7Ym¯�\�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�Gp]fE�ó&Y�JL\ V \bG S ócJ V_S ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó&�4I�ó�I UdS J U \bXHE

l]�M&p

pEHGLJ

YWó ó�M&û�� U E S�V I S JRM�\ U E�JL\ U I6GRY U Ý�¶m]�¢nÝ�GRE V M&ó&YWó�E V M�\�YWó�\�ikM U û�E7³Ql

l(E) = −λ(E) ln(1 − p)�k�ml|�4�

ujE�i S ÍHM&ó>GL\�û,\ V_S \ U E�]nYWó�E i�M�\bG V E�GL\�JRE,N�E V g \�ócJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�N�I��<ó�\2] V Ekó�M"ÿ S Y�hQY�\�GLY���\�J V g \�ócJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�E7JV EJ�ÿO`fEZN�g \�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó&GRY���\bEZGdM&óQJ�JL\ U IHG S�V I S JRM�\ U E�û�E�óQJ�E�ó�` U E�ó S óQJoE�ó?XHM&û,`�JRE V EHG ° S�V E7Y U GTN�EHGTGREHX7JL\bM&ó�GE�ãWX S XHEHG�e V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�M&p V_S�U I S X7JL\bM&ó S�V \bE7Y5l�D S û�I7JLK�MON�E�E�û,` V M�ÿ4IHE,`fM�Y U N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E U�V E ó�M�ÿ S YAE7J V EJÃÿc`nE�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó±GLY���\bE�EHGLJa\bN�E�ócJL\bhQY�E�lf´�M�Y U N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E U hQY�E V ó�M"ÿ S Y±GLY���\�J V_S,U I S X7JL\bM&ó�` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&ó5]M&ó&X S�V X7Y V E�N�g S �nM U N V_S hcY S óQJL\�JRI^�

i=N∑

i=0

Σtoti × p

�k�ml�ç4�

hcY�\5EHGLJ V_S GRM&û·û�E�N�EjJRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GaE�ãWX S XHEHGÆû S X U M�GRXHM�`�\bhcY�EHGaN�EHG1ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯&` U IHGRE�óQJRGaN S ó�G V Eû S JRI U \ S Y5] S YÀó�M&û�� U E6N�E

N]4û�Y V JL\�` V \bIHEj` S�U YWóPó�M�Y�°4E S Y^ó�M&û�� U E S�V I S JRM�\ U E

pJL\ U IYWó�\�i�M U û�I�û�E�ócJ�GLY U

Ý�¶m]�¢nÝ�l µ E7JLJRE�GRM&û·û�E�EHGLJaJRM�Y ² M�Y U G V_S ûr¸�û�E�]�e³û S JRI U \ S Y�E7JZI�ó�E U ��\bE,N�M&óWó�IHEHG,�fE�ó V_S û�Y V JL\�` V \ S ócJ6` S�UpM&ó?XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\�J S \�ó�GL\nYWó�EZhcY S óQJL\�JRI6hcY�\ V Y�\nEHGRJ�\�ómikI U \bE7Y U E�l�µ S XRK S ócJahQY5g�M&ó?XHM&ó�GRE U °4EZJRM�Y ² M�Y U G V E ûr¸�û�E

³8®�°8®1­ N S ó�G V_S(V \bGLJRE,N�EHG ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯>hcY�\�XHM&û,`fM�GdE�óQJ V EKû S JRI U \ S Y5]F\ V E�¯O\bGLJRE YWóAGdE7Y V \�ó�Nm\bXHEkN S ó�G�XHE7JLJRE

V \bGLJREjJRE V hQY�E<�

i=k−1∑

i=0

Σtoti ≤ (

i=N∑

i=0

Σtoti × p) <

i=k∑

i=0

Σtoti

�k�ml Îc�

àZM�Y�G�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRM&ó�GZhcY�E6` V Y�G V_S GdEHX7JL\bM&ó�E�ãWX S XHE$û S X U M�GdXHM�`�\bhQY�EΣtot

k

EHGLJ�\�û,`nM U J S óQJRE�]�` V Y�G V g \�ócJRE U ¥° S�V�V EWE�ócJ U E V EHG GRM&û·û�EHG�` S�U JL\bE V�V EHG hcY�\ E�ó�X S N U E�ócJ,XHE7JLJRE�\�ó�I7� S�V \�JRI�GRE UdS � UdS ó�NCE7J�` V Y�G�\ V ÿ S Y UdS N�EHG° S�V E7Y U G�N�E

phcY�\5GRI V EHX7JL\bM&óWó�E U M&óQJ V Ecó�M"ÿ S Y

kE�ó&XHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHE�l

�/ó�E�i�M�\bG V E ó�M�ÿ S YkN�I��<ó�\2] V E�J�ÿO`nE,N�E U I S X7JL\bM&óAhQY5g \ V GRY���\�JjEHGRJ�N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�I�N�E i S ÍHM&ó�\bN�E�ócJL\bhQY�E�]

E�ó¤XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS ócJ�XHE7JLJRE(i�M�\bG�X7\ V_S ¿ ¨ë½ ª�­t°�­V® ( ¬�²dª ¨ ³8À ½&hcY5g \ V `fE7Y�J,XHM&óWó S rbJ U E�l µc\oM&óÖó�M�JRERV EÀó�M&û�� U E

N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G S Y�JRM U \bGRIHEHG�`fM�Y U�V Eió�M"ÿ S Yk]σiV_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bM&óAE�ãWX S XHEiû,\bX U M�GdXHM�`�\bhQY�E(N�E V_S

ºw¶ �0ÿ~·Cÿb� �d�2z~��z ���3þ�z � �i�w���F��vF� �F�Dÿb� û���� ��ÿ�ÿ�û��2z|���P�F�Dÿ�û6}o���2¸��"����¹�v��F�o�2��vÿ �������/�F�Æ��û��kz ��������û��¡�TvF�,��� ���y��û����yv��1�������}Äþ�������û�ÿ|��û��2��z���� �D��� ÿ~���jv��F�!ÿ|��z(ú��kv��������k� �1ünv���z�º����2}1���~�|�

çÎ

U I S X7JL\bM&óie V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IHE�]�E7J

pYWóìó�M�Y�°4E S Yøó�M&û�� U E S�V I S JRM�\ U EWJL\ U I�N�E,i S ÍHM&óAYWó�\�ikM U û�E�GRY U

Ý�¶m]�¢nÝ�] V_S U I S X7JL\bM&órN S ó�GaXHE7JLJRE V \bGLJRE6GRE UdS XRK�M�\bGR\bE�GL\}�

i=r−1∑

i=0

σi ≤ (i=R∑

i=0

σi × p) <i=r∑

i=0

σi�k�ml�¡4�

D�g K�\bGRJRM�\ U E&N�g YWó�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó.Gpg S�ULU ¸7JRE&hcY S ó�N»\ V ÿ S�S ��GdM U `�JL\bM&ó.N�E V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E?` S�U YWó�ó�M"ÿ S Y5] M�Y�^GRGL\bM&ó5lou S ó�GXHE�X S Gp]�ô/ü�ý3þ&` U M�` S �4E UdS YWóaó�M�Y�°4E S YBó�E7Y�J U M&ó�N�E7`�Y�\bG V_S GRM�Y U XHE�N�g�M U \���\�ó�E�N�I��<ó�\bE�` S�UV g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l µ EHX7\�EHGLJ�N�I7J S \ V�V I�e V_S GRY�\�JRE�l

<Æ�»¼ }��Z�&�o�_�w�_���°�����g�2=�������}��g����~k

��ó�JLK�IHM U \bE±N�EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U G^ócY�X V I S \ U EHGp]kN�IHGL\�� ó�E V E[i S X7JRE7Y U N�EBû�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó½NmY¾G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�E�l.Û V

EHGLJ6K S ��\�JLY�E V�V E�û�E�óQJ�\�óQJRE U ` U I7JRI�XHM&û·û�E V Ekó�M&û�� U E�N�E��^GRGR\bM&ó�G6E�ó��4E�ó�N U IHEHGAÆ ¬8®oÀ ½O½�¨ ³8À ]ne(YWó�\�ó�GLJ S ócJN�M&óWó�I�l�Û V `fE U û�E7J�N�EoN�IHX U \ U E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�hQY�ET`nE7Y�J�XHM&óWó S rbJ U E V_S `fM�`�Y V_S JL\bM&ó³ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�E S Y�GRE7\�ó,N�g YWóG!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E óQY�X V I S \ U E S YV� V NmY?JRE�û,`�Gplµc\2] V M U G�N�g YWó�X S�V X7Y V N�E�J UdS ó�GL`nM U Jp]5M&ó>XHM&ó�GL\bN�¿ U E V_S JRM�J S�V \�JRIWN�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�NmYAG!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E,hcY5g�M&ó

I7JLY�Nm\bEC��XHE�X S G�GdE UdS `nM�Y U ó�M�Y�G V g�I7JLY�N�EPNmYÁXd jY U E�óQJL\bE U E�ó.XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS ócJ V E U I�»^EHX7JRE7Y U ��] V E?i S X7JRE7Y UkEHGLJL\�û�IW` S�U�V E�XHMON�EWN�E,J UdS ó�GR`fM U J U E7` U IHGRE�óQJRE UdS�V_S û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&óC� V M�� S�V EPó�E7JLJREWN�EHG)ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�E�ó

JRE�ó S óQJ�XHM&û,`�JRE,N�EHGi�Y�\�JREHG6E7J S Y�J U EHGj`nE U JREHG ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�EHG�l µ E�i S X7JRE7Y U EHGLJ S�V M U G S `�`nE V I 7 ­ . ­1²dª ¨ ò 8 E7JEHGLJÐó�M�JRI

k Â~à l�Û V E�¯O\bGLJREZJ U M�\bG U I7��\�û�EHG�N�EjXHM&û,`nM U JRE�û�E�óQJaNmY U I S X7JRE7Y U hcY5g�M&ó^ó�M&û·û�EjK S ��\�JLY�E V�V E�û�E�óQJp]GLY�\�° S óQJ V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E

k Â~Ã �

•½ ³ È�½ % ²:® ¨ ª ¨5Ç:È ­ V M U GRhcY�E k Â~à < 1

• ²:® ¨ ª ¨5Ç:È ­ V M U GRhcY�E k Â~Ã = 1

•½�È ®�% ²:® ¨ ª ¨5Ç:È ­ V M U GRhcY�E k Â~à > 1

´�\bE�ó&E�óQJRE�ó�NmY&YWó�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó[E�ó?XRK S r�ó�E�XHM&óQJ U  V IHE�E7JoN�M&ó�XjYWó�Ej` U MONmY�X7JL\bM&ó&XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJRE�N�g�I�ó�E U ��\bE���G S ó�GS `�`fM U JN�Ecó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GaE�¯mJRE U ó�EHG S Y&G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E���ó�E6`nE7Y�°4E�óQJ�¸7J U E�E�óQ°O\bG S �4IHEHGahcY�E6N S ó�G V E6N�E7Ym¯m\b¿�û�E�X S Gplµc\�` S�U XHM&ócJ U E�M&ó ó�E�Gpg \�ócJRI U EHGRGRE6hcY5g|e YWó�Ej` S�U JL\bE�NmY&G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E6E�ó V_S û�McN�I V \bG S óQJ�\�ó�Nm\�°O\bNmY�E V�V E�û�E�óQJ

` S�U YWó ® (�½ ­1¬ ÈÁ¨ ÀpÀ}À ¨(��XHE?X S GWXHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N UdS>S Ym¯�I7JLY�N�EHG ²O­ ¿�¿ Èl¿ ­ M�Y ¬ ½�½ ­ '^¾�¿ ¬Yñ�­ ] N�IHX U \�JREHGWN S ó�G V EHGXRK S `�\�J U EHG,GLY�\�° S óQJRG���] V E�i S X7JRE7Y U

kó�E U E7` U IHGRE�ócJRE UdS ` S G�Nm\ U EHX7JRE�û�E�ócJ V EWXHM&û,`nM U JRE�û�E�óQJ�NmY»G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�E

E�óQJL\bE U E7J�`fM�Y UoV E6Nm\bGRJL\�ó���Y�E U ]�\ V EHGLJÆó�M�JRIk∞l

<Æ����}����W���@ ��~-� �ÁBP}��I��� ��Ä��@~ ��Å_�F��Æo� �Ö���I��� �rÇ��_�àZM�Y�G�\ V�V Y�GLJ U M&ó�GT\bX7\�XHM&û·û�E�óQJ ô/ü�ý3þ�GLY�\�J V g K�\bGLJRM�\ U E6N�g YWó^ó�E7Y�J U M&ó V M U GRhcY5g�M&ó�GdM�Y�K S \�JREZN�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E U

V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYPi S X7JRE7Y U N�Ekû�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ók Â~Ã M�Y k∞

]�GRE V M&ó V E�X S Gpl{¼/ó±` S�ULV E UdS?S�V M U G6N�E ²O¬ ¿ ² Èl¿ °l­ ¿ ¬çn¡

²:® ¨ ª ¨ ² ¨ ª (7l�´�M�Y U YWó»G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�e k Â~à ' 1] V g K�\bGLJRM�\ U E�NmYÖó�E7Y�J U M&ó»EHGRJ�J U ¿HG V M&ó���Y�E�l!´�\bE�ó»E�ócJRE�ó�NmY5]�YWó

X S�V X7Y V ócYWû�I U \bhQY�E�EHGLJ�M�� V \��4I�N�g \�ócJRE ULU M&û,` U E�XHE7JLJRE6K�\bGRJRM�\ U E�e YWó�û�M&û�E�óQJZN�M&óWó�I�l´�M�Y U ��¯�E U�V EHG6\bN�IHEHGp]5\ V i S Y�J�\bX7\ Nm\bGLJL\�ó���Y�E U N�E7Ym¯>XHM&ó�XHE7`�JL\bM&ó�G�\�û S �4IHEHG N�E V_S îY¨ ­ N�g YWó�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó5l

u�g YWó�E�` S�U J�\ V ÿ S ¿ , © ¨u½ ª�³ ¨ ®1­ NmYìó�E7Y�J U M&ó5]�hQY�\�XHM&óQJL\�óQY�E�hcY S ó�N>XHE V Y�\�¥�X7\TN�IHX V E�ó�XRK�E�YWó�E<�^GRGL\bM&ó�û S \bGGpg S�ULU ¸7JRE�E�óCX S G N�E,i�Y�\�JREWM�Y S ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó¤GLJRI U \ V E�l-u�g S Y�J U E�` S�U Jp]�M&óC`nE7Y�J�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U E U V E�` U M�� V ¿�û�E�E�óGRI7` S�UdS ócJ V EHGKó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GWE�ó ñ ( À ( ®�¬nª ¨ ³8À ½[N�E^ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Gj� V g�I7°4I�ó�E�û�E�ócJ(GRI7` S�UdS ócJWN�E7Ym¯»�4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�GWN�Eó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�EHGLJ V E�` U McXHEHGdGLY�G�N�E.�^GdGL\bM&ó N�M&óWó�EÐó S \bGdG S ó�XHEoe V_S GREHXHM&ó�N�E��4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó5lgu S ó�G�XHE7JLJRE S `�` U McXdK�E�]V E/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó?hQY�\f\�ó�NmY�\�J YWó�E��^GRGR\bM&ó(Nm\bGL` S�UdS rbJTE7JoN�M&óWó�E UdS ó S \bGRG S ó�XHEje�YWó�XHE U J S \�ó^ó�M&û�� U E6N�E/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GhcY�\ S `�` S�U JL\bE�óWó�E�óQJp]fE7Ym¯n]�e V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�GLY�\�° S óQJRE�lDFE�X S�V X7Y V N�EHGG!ÿOGRJR¿�û�EHG�X U \�JL\bhQY�EHGZGREj� S GRE�N�M&ó�X�GLY U YWó�GLY�\�°c\�N�EHG ñ ( À ( ®�¬�ª ¨ ³8À ½�N�Ecó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Gpl�È�D5EHG

\�ócJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�GoXHM&ó�NmY�\bG S óQJ�e�YWó�E0�^GRGR\bM&ó�\�ócJRE ULU M&û,`fE�ócJ V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó?NmYÀó�E7Y�J U M&ó(GLY�\�°O\nE7J N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E�óQJN�EHG�GL\�JREHG `fM&ó�X7JLY�E V GTN�E*�^GdGL\bM&ó(N S ó�G V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEZGR\�û�Y V IHE�lOD5EHGTXHMcM U N�M&óWó�IHEHGTGL` S JL\ S�V EHGTN�EaXHEHGTGL\�JREHG�N�E�^GRGR\bM&ó&GRE U M&óQJaG S Y�°4E7� S�U N�IHEHG�` S�U ô/ü�ý3þn]�hcY�\ V EHGoY�JL\ V \bGRE UdS XHM&û·û�E S Y�J S óQJN�E6GdM�Y U XHEHGo`fM&ó�X7JLY�E V�V EHGN�EHGó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�e�` U M�` S �4E U e V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó&GLY�\�° S óQJRE�l�u S ó�G�YWó?X S�V X7Y V N�EZX U \�JL\bX7\�JRI�]mYWó ²�*�² ¿ ­ EHGLJ V EjGLY�\�°c\nN�EN

ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G S `�` S�U JRE�ó S ócJ�e V_S 'WÉ�' ­ �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó5l��/ó±X S�V X7Y V XHM&û,` V E7JjN�E�X U \�JL\bX7\�JRI�\�û,` V \bhcY�E UdS N�M&ó�X` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�` S�U X�ÿmX V E�]�E7J6` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G�X�ÿmX V EHGpl�Û V i S Y�J U E�û S�U hcY�E U hQY�E V E�` S GdG S �4E S Y>X S�V X7Y V NmYX�ÿmX V EaGLY�\�° S óQJoEHGLJ�E�óQJ U E7` U \bGT` S�U ô/ü�ý3þWYWó�E�ikM�\bG hcY�EJRM�Y�G V EHG�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GoN�E V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó?E�ó�XHM�Y U G�M&ócJI7JRI6GLY�\�°O\bGp] V g YWó S ` U ¿HG V g S Y�J U E�] ² Y�GRhQY5g|e V g S ��GdM U `�JL\bM&ó[GLJRI U \ V E�] V_S i�Y�\�JRE6M�Y V_S �^GRGR\bM&ó5l�_ó?` U McXHIHN S ócJ S \�ó�GL\5N�E6` U MOXRK�E�E�ó?` U McXdK�E�]�N�g \�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó±E�ó?\�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó5]-ô/ü�ý-þ�I7J S � V \�J V g © ¨ë½ ª�³ ¨ ®1­

N�EHGÀó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Gp]�M�Y5]TGL\6M&ó¾°4E7Y�Jp] ° È ÀP­ È ª5®�³nÀ l*Û V Gpg S ��\�J?N�M&ó�X�N�E±GL\�û�Y V E U YWó�E�hQY S ócJL\�JRI±\�û,`fM U J S ócJREN�g © ¨ë½ ª�³ ¨ ®1­ ½�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�EHG�E7J�N�g�I7J S � V \ U E�ó?�<ó�N�E�XHM&û,`�JRE�YWó © ¨ë½ ª�³8® ¨5ÇdÈ ­ û�M�ÿ4E�ó NmYkó�E7Y�J U M&ó,e V g \�ócJRI U \bE7Y UN�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�N�M&óWó�IHE�lnD5EHG U IHGLY V J S JRG6NmYPJ UdS ó�GL`nM U J S Ym¯�hQY�E V GjM&ó±Gpg \�óQJRI U EHGdGRE�]nX�g�EHGLJ�¥re�¥�Nm\ U E V EHGJ S Ym¯N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�û�M�ÿ4E�ó�G�` S�U XHE V�V Y V EoE7J V EHG7»�Ym¯ ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�EHG�û�M"ÿ4E�ó�G�` S�U XHE V�V Y V E�GRE U M&óQJ S�V M U G�ó�M U û S�V \bGdIHGÆ ¬n®&ÀP­ È ª5®�³8À ½ ³ È ®�²O­ l

Û VfU E7°c\bE�ócJe V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U N�g�I7JLY�Nm\bE UoV Ej` U M�� V ¿�û�E6hcY�\ V g \�ócJRI U EHGRGRE6`nM�Y U I7J S � V \ UoV E ó�M&û�� U E�N�EjX�ÿmX V EHGE7JaN�E$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Ga` S�U X�ÿmX V E�hcY�\ S GRGLY U E�ócJ V_S ` U IHX7\bGR\bM&ó[GRM�Y�K S \�JRIHE�N�EHG U IHGLY V J S JRGpl(àM�J S û·û�E�ócJp]�\ V i S Y�N UdSGpg S GdGLY U E U hcY�E�JRM�Y�JRE V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEZEHGLJ���\bE�ó�°cY�Ea` S�U�V EHG�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�hcY�E V g�M&ó(` U M�` S �4E�]cE7J V EaX S G�IHXRK�I S ócJp]XdK�M�\bGL\ U N�EGLY�\�° U E�YWó�XHE U J S \�ó³ó�M&û�� U EN�EX�ÿOX V EHGD¨ ÀP¬�²dª ¨ òO½7]�N�M&óQJ V g \�óQJRI U ¸7JTEHGLJ�N�E�` U M�` S �4E U GL` S JL\ S�V E�û�E�ócJV EHG�GL\�JREHG�N�Er�^GRGL\bM&ó�Gp]�G S ó�G�JRE�ó�\ U XHM&û,`�JRE(N�EHG�K�\bGRJRM U \bhQY�EHG N�EHG)ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�GLY�\�°O\bGpl!¼/ó�XHM&û,` U E�ó�N S�V M U GV g \�ócJRI U ¸7JThcY�E V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U J U M�Y�°4EN S ó�G V_S û�EHGLY U ENmY(`nM�GRGL\�� V Eje�Y�JL\ V \bGRE U YWó�EB½ ³ È ®�²�­ ¨ À ¨ ª ¨ ¬ ¿ ­ ( ª�­�ÀP° È ­ ]hcY�\�û,\�ó�\�û,\bGRE UdS(V EKó�M&û�� U E�N�g K�\bGRJRM�\ U EHGcó�IHXHEHGRG S \ U EHG S ° S ócJ�N�g S °4M�\ U N�EHG�GRM�Y U XHEHGj`fM&ó�X7JLY�E V�V EHG���GL\�JREHG�N�E�^GRGR\bM&ó�����\bE�ó U I7` S�U JL\bEHG(N S ó�G V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�l��_ó.` S�U J S óQJ?N�¿HG V E�N�I7��Y�J�NmYÁX S�V X7Y V6S °4EHXPYWó�E�GRM�Y U XHEI7JRE�ó�NmY�E�] V EHG$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Grî ­�®�®�³8ÀLª E�É�EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJBÆ(¿ Èl½ ®�¬ Æ(¨ °l­ ' ­�ÀLª V g \�óQJRI7� UdS�V \�JRI(N�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEWhcY5g�M&ó

ÁyÊ ���2���F��z\�yz�ËHvc� v��F�j�������y��û��2z~�����F�c�F�wvF�k�2�����Æ���c�w� z �¡���y�k�2��}1���Æ�8û��Dÿ|�����/�F�c���2�¡� � ���kv��/�F� ���� �,ú��c¹ Ì��nür¹�ËHv�z-�k���¡��w���F�kz\���y�2� �3�w��}o}1��z �¡���y��������·/ÿ û ��� ���y��û��2z|���c�Ã�3����ÿ|z�þ�Íy��� �¡�-�8û��3�4� � ���y�2��z ���

çnÖ

GL\�û�Y V E�l´�M�Y U ��¯mE UTV EHGT\bN�IHEHGp]�XHM&ó�GR\bN�I U M&ó�GoYWó^û S JRI U \ S Y&K�M&û�M��4¿�ó�E6GL`�K�I U \bhcY�E6N�E UdS ÿ4M&ó

Rlmµc\ V EZ` S�U XHM�Y U G

û�M"ÿ4E�óÎN�g YWó ó�E7Y�J U M&ó׿ ³8® ½ °�, È À�²¡*n² ¿ ­ S>V_S ° S�V E7Y U l]�E�ó ó5g Y�JL\ V \bG S óQJ�hQY5g YWó�EPGRM�Y U XHE&`nM&ó�X7JLY�E V�V EPN�E

ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G S Y�XHE�óQJ U E�N�E V_S GL`�K�¿ U E�]�\ V i S Y�N UdSWS JLJRE�ó�N U E E�óaû�M�ÿ4E�óWó�ER/l

X�ÿmX V EHG S ° S ócJZN�g S JLJRE7\�ó�N U E V EHGÆ ®1­ ',¨ ­�® ½WGL\�JREHG6N�E?�^GRGL\bM&ó±` U MOXRK�EHG�N�E V_S GLY U i S XHE,N�E V_S GR`�K�¿ U E�]�E7JZ` V Y�Gj`nM�Y U�S °4M�\ U YWó�E�Nm\bGLJ U \���Y�JL\bM&óN�EHGaGL\�JREHG���\bE�ó U I7` S�U JL\bE�l

àZM�Y�G�N�IHX U \ U M&ó�G�û S \�óQJRE�ó S óQJ V_S û S ó�\b¿ U EN�M&óQJ ô ü�ý3þWX S�V X7Y V E V EHG M���GRE U ° S � V EHG�hcY�\<ó�M�Y�G�\�ócJRI U EHGRGRE�óQJE7J�N�M&óQJ�M&ó S �fEHGdM�\�ó `nM�Y U GL\�û�Y V E U�V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�NmY�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V EÐócY�X V I S \ U E�lQ´�M�Y U I7J S � V \ U E7J U IHGdM�Y�N U E V EHGIHhQY S JL\bM&ó�GhQY�\�N�IHX U \�°4E�óQJ V_S ° *ÀP¬ ',¨5Ç:È ­ N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óC� V EHGIHhQY S JL\bM&ó�GN�E&´ S JRE�û S ó5]�N�M&óQJaM&ó[` S�ULV E UdSE�ó�GLY�\�JRE���]�M&ó¤N�M�\�J,XHM&óWó S rbJ U E V EHG�J S Ym¯ìû�M"ÿ4E�ó�G�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó °�­t²�©�¬ Ç:È ­tÀ(³&*�¬ ȤN�E�XRK S hcY�EPû S JRI U \ S YN S ó�G�XdK S hQY�E�XHE V�V Y V E,`fM�Y U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G S \�ó�GL\�hcY�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EWNmYv»�Ym¯±N S ó�G�XRK S hcY�EXHE V�V Y V E�l

;�y�x�y¡; < �CÏ���Ð �_�Ö~_���_� �g�-~@�a��~�� ¿<�3�g¿ø�_}�~@���@~@���������Ã�@���ô/ü�ý3þ[EHGLJL\�û�E V E&»�Ym¯ ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E�N S ó�GYWó�E�XHE V�V Y V E�N�M&óWó�IHE�E�ó�GRE6� S G S ócJJRM�Y ² M�Y U GGRY U�V E�J UdS�² E7J

û�M"ÿ4E�ó?` S�U XHM�Y U Y?` S�UTV E/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó[e�YWó�EjI�ó�E U ��\bE6N�M&óWó�IHE�]l(E)

l�D5E�»�Ym¯φ(E)

N S ó�G YWó�EjXHE V�V Y V EjGRE UdS�V EUdS `�`fM U J�E�ócJ U E V_S GRM&û·û�E6N�EZJRM�Y�G V EHGT` S�U XHM�Y U GoI V I�û�E�óQJ S \ U EHG

lihcY�EjXRK S hcY�Ej` S�U JL\bX7Y V E�e V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE

ES

E�ÉnEHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�ócJ` S�U XHM�Y U YPN S ó�G V_S XHE V�V Y V E�]^E7J V E�°4M V YWû�EVN�E V_S XHE V�V Y V Er�

φ(E) =

i li(E)

V

�k�ml�Ö4�µ M&óWó S \bGRG S óQJ

φ(E)`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E�° S�V E7Y U N�E

EN S ó�G�YWóCN�M&û S \�ó�E�N�g�I�ó�E U ��\bEP�¡`nM�Y U�V EHG ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G

J UdS \�JRIHGa` S�U ô/ü�ý-þ�]^N�E?¶�eW�n¶<·PE�â���]�ô/ü�ý3þ&`fE7Y�J S�V M U GaX S�V X7Y V E U N S ó�G�JRM�Y�JRE�XHE V�V Y V E�N�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�]JRM�Y�JRE�\�ócJRI7� UdS�V E�NmY?` U MONmY�\�JaN�g YWó�EjikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó[N�M&óWó�IHE

fE7JaNmYV»�Ym¯

φN�E V_S i�M U û�E<�

〈f, φ〉 =

E

−→rf(E)φ(E,−→r )dEd3−→r

�k�ml�¤��

M&pφ(E,−→r )

EHGRJ V E&»�Ym¯PN�E$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GZ` U IHGRE�óQJjN S ó�G V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE,e V g�I�ó�E U ��\bEES Y[`nM�\�óQJ −→r E7J

fYWó�E i�M&ó�X7JL\bM&ó>N�E V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE,NmYwó�E7Y�J U M&ó>N�M&óWó�IHE�` S�U6V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l5D�g \�óQJRI7� UdS�V EWGL` S JL\ S�V E,Gpg�E�É�EHX7JLY�E,GLY UV E6°4M V YWû�E�N�E V_S XHE V�V Y V E�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IHE�lD5E Ò È =yÀP­ È ª5®�³nÀ ¨5ÇdÈ ­V°�¬nÀ ½r¿ ¬y²O­ ¿�¿ Èl¿ ­ ]�\�óQJRI7� U I�E�ó�I�ó�E U ��\bEWE7J�N S ó�G�JRM�Y�J V g�EHGR` S XHEWN�I V \�û,\�JRI�` S�U�V_S

XHE V�V Y V E�]�`nE7Y�J S \�ó�GL\T¸7J U E�X S�V X7Y V I�lLÛ V EHGLJ1ó�M�JRI〈φ〉

〈φ〉 =1

V

E

−→rφ(E,−→r )dEd3−→r

�k�ml�§4�

M&pVEHGLJ V Ej°4M V YWû�E�N�E V_S XHE V�V Y V E�l

�

;�yÃx�y�z <Æ���a�F�o�Z� ���-~@����Ñ ��}������a� �^Å-�o~@~_�o���_���a~_��Å-}���Ð �_}�~@�a�@~@�Ö���o���������u S ó�G V_S i�M U û�Y V E�ml�¤O] V_S i�M&ó�X7JL\bM&ó

f(E)`fE7Y�J.¸7J U EaYWó�E�GREHX7JL\bM&óWE�ãWX S XHE û,\bX U M�GRXHM�`�\bhcY�EN�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó

\�ó�NmY�\�JRE(` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&óÅ� V E U IHGLY V J S J,N�E V g \�óQJRI7� UdS�V E&EHGRJ S�V M U G�YWó ª�¬ È =v°�­¢® ( ¬�²dª ¨ ³nÀ ` S�U ó�M"ÿ S Y�E7J ` S�Uó�E7Y�J U M&ó[GdM�Y U XHE�lÒE�û S�U hQY�M&ó�G\bX7\�hQY�E�]^`fM�Y U GL\�û�Y V E UZV E�J UdS ó�GL`fM U JjN�EHG/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Gp]3ô/ü�ý3þ�X S�V X7Y V E?��XHM&û·û�E�M&ó S °OY

E�ó¤GREHX7JL\bM&ó��ml�¢�l�¢�]�ikM U û�Y V E&�ml�ç4� V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bM&ó¤E�ãWX S XHE ª�³nª�¬ ¿ ­ NmYøû�I V_S ó��4E^û S JRI U \ S Y5l�D5EHG° S�V E7Y U G N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GTE�ãWX S XHEHG�û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHGT`nM�Y U XdK S hQY�E ó�M"ÿ S Y�N S ó�GTXRK S hcY�E û S JRI U \ S Y?E7J `fM�Y U XRK S hcY�EU I S X7JL\bM&ó�N�M�\�°4E�ócJ/¸7J U E�]�E V�V EHGp]�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG�` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ,e V_S N�E�û S ó�N�E�N�E V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U ]4E7J�GRM&óQJ�N�EHG U IHGLY V J S JRGNmY&X S�V X7Y V N�E�J UdS ó�GL`fM U Jp]<ó�M&ó?` S GaN�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHGpl�_óCG!ÿZóQJLK�I7JL\bG S óQJp]�`fM�Y U JRM�Y�J ó�M�ÿ S Y¤hQY�\ ` U IHGRE�óQJRE(YWó�EWGdEHX7JL\bM&óCE�ãWX S XHE�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó»\�ó�NmY�\�JRE�` S�U

ó�E7Y�J U M&óσ(E)

]�M&ó�X S�V X7Y V E UdS(V_S ° S�V E7Y U û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�E〈σ〉

N�E�XHE7JLJRE�GREHX7JL\bM&ó>E�ãWX S XHE,N S ó�G V_S XHE V�V Y V E,M&p V Eó�M�ÿ S Y�GREjJ U M�Y�°4E�l µ E7JLJRE$û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�E�GRE UdS YWó�E6\�ócJRI7� UdS�V E�GRY U�V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�E7J V g�EHGR` S XHE�N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bM&óPE�ãWX S XHEû,\bX U M�GRXHM�`�\bhcY�E6N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó?`fM&ó�N�I U IHEj` S�UoV E�»�Ym¯�]mE7J1ó�M U û S�V \bGRIHEj` S�UTV_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V g \�óQJRI7� UdS�V E�NmY�»�Ym¯N S ó�G V_S XHE V�V Y V E��

〈σ〉 =

E

−→r σ(E)φ(E,−→r )dEd3−→r∫

E

−→r φ(E,−→r )dEd3−→r

�k�ml�£4�

DFEHG�GdEHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG�û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�GRE U M&ócJ�N�M&ó�XoNm\ U EHX7JRE�û�E�óQJ�E�¯m` U \�û�IHEHG�E�ó � S�U ó�G�l�ujETXHE7JLJRE�û S ó�\b¿ U EM&ó±X S�V X7Y V E V EHGZGdEHX7JL\bM&ó�GZE�ãWX S XHEHG6E7JZJ S Ym¯�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G6N�E�JRM�Y�G V EHG ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯PhcY�\�\�ócJRE U °c\bE�ó�N U M&ócJ�N S ó�GV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�ÿ±XHM&û,` U \bG�]3ó�M�J S û·û�E�óQJp]�XHE7Ym¯>hQY�\@ó�E�GRM&óQJ�` S G�` U IHGRE�ócJRG S Y�N�I7��Y�J�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó»N S ó�GV_S XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&óCN�EHGcû S JRI U \ S Ym¯AN�I��<ó�\bG�` S�U�V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l2Û V i S Y�J���\bE�ó�E�ócJRE�ó�NmY5]�N�E�û S ó�N�E U e�ô/ü�ý-þN�g�E�É�EHX7JLY�E U XHE,X S�V X7Y V `nM�Y UZV EHG$ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯>XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IHGpl�ÓD�<ó>N�E,X S�V X7Y V E U6V_S GREHX7JL\bM&óAE�ãWX S XHE,N�g YWó�ó�M�ÿ S YE�ó�` S�U JL\bX7Y V \bE U ]�M&óCEHGLJ N�M&ó�X S û�E�ó�I(e�N�I��<ó�\ U N�EHG)û S JRI U \ S Ym¯C\bGRM�JRM�`�\bhQY�E�û�E�ócJ�`�Y U G ó�M&ó»GRE7Y V E�û�E�ócJ`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E ó�M"ÿ S YÁN�E V_S XHM&û,`fM�GL\�JL\bM&ó.\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E[N�EHGKû S JRI U \ S Ym¯.N�M&óQJ�M&ó�GL\�û�Y V E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]@û S \bGI7� S�V E�û�E�ócJ�`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�Ecó�M�ÿ S Y[hcY�\f`nE7Y�J S `�` S�UdS rbJ U E6Y V JRI U \bE7Y U E�û�E�óQJjN S ó�G V E7Y U XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&ó5] V M U G�N�EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óWNmY�G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�E�l µ EHX7\Wó�IHXHEHGRGL\�JRE�N�M&ó�XoN�g�I7J S � V \ U ` U I S�V_S � V E�û�E�óQJ V_S ¿ ¨ë½ ª�­ N�ETJRM�Y�G V EHG�ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯,hcY�\GRE U M&ócJ�`nM�JRE�óQJL\bE V�V E�û�E�óQJ ` U IHGRE�ócJRG�N S ó�G V E,X S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l µ EHX7\�GdE UdS�U E7` U \bG6` S�U�V_S GRY�\�JRE,N S ó�G V E` S�UdS � UdS `�K�Ej�ml�çml|�6\�ócJL\�JLY V IB¿ , ¬n® ¾ ®1­&°-, (�î ³ ¿ È ª ¨ ³nÀ lWô/ª3õ�öWI7J S � V \�J XHE7J ¬8® ¾ ®�­&°l­ ¿ , (�î ³ ¿ È ª ¨ ³nÀ ]QhcY�\^EHGLJ V_S�V \bGLJREE�¯mK S Y�GLJL\�°4E�N�E6JRM�Y�G V EHG1ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯[I7°4E�óQJLY�E V�V E�û�E�óQJ6` U IHGdE�óQJRG V M U GaN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]fE7JaN�E�û S ó�N�E�E�ó�GRY�\�JRE�eô/ü�ý3þ N�ETX S�V X7Y V E U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG�û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�EHG�ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯,N�E V g S�U � U EoN S ó�G�XRK S hcY�EoXHE V�V Y V E�lµOM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�GjhcY�E�`nM�Y UV EHG/ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯ºÇ:È�¨ ÀP­ ½ ³8ÀLª Æ ¬ ½ ­�À(²1³8®1­r¬ Æ�Æ ¬8® È�½ °�¬8À ½C¿ ¬t²O³ '�Æ ³ ½�¨ ª ¨ ³8À�° È�' ¬ %

ª ( ® ¨ ¬ È>e V g \�ó�GLJ S óQJ�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�M&p V g�M&ó>X S�V X7Y V E V EHGj° S�V E7Y U Gcû�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�E V E7Y U G6GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHGp]V E�X S�V X7Y V N�E�XHEHG�° S�V E7Y U G$û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�EHGRJ�`fM&ó�N�I U IW` S�U�V_S ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó

φ(E)]FhcY�\ S Y UdS I7JRI�X S�V X7Y V IHEWG S ó�G

JRE�ó�\ U XHM&û,`�JRE�]�N S ó�G V E6J UdS ó�GL`nM U Jp]^N�E V_S ` U IHGRE�ó�XHE�N�E�XHE ó�M�ÿ S YPN S ó�G V Ecû S JRI U \ S Y5l µ E V_S�U E7°c\bE�ócJaN�M&ó�Xçn§

e�X S�V X7Y V E U�V E7Y U GREHX7JL\bM&ó(E�ãWX S XHEZE�ó�Nm\ V Y�JL\bM&ó�\�ós�<ó�\bE�l�Ó)?If4��h-E��-  A_?IC&��?IH)¯�?ÀfgE�h�h�µOÔ�H"CF?^A_E��-C H"Eo�-Hh-EZ®�µ<�

i?gHìA_E��-C�H"Eo�-H"? CF²4µWf H��Eoh

R Õ ¢µå¼Wµ<¢�?Z�-C��ìE4®�?4hDh-?〈σR

i 〉¯�Ö4 �¢? ¯D²I���-Hì¯D�Ôfgµ<¢fI�D¢

¯@±�²I¼oEo¢+�-H��Eoh ]�hQY�E V Ecó�M�ÿ S Y[GRM�\�J�` U IHGdE�óQJaN S ó�G V E û S JRI U \ S Y�M�Y ó�M&ó5lµ g�EHGLJ�E�ó»XHM&óWó S \bGRG S óQJ,XHEHG ° S�V E7Y U Gp]{»�Ym¯øû�M"ÿ4E�ó�G�` S�U XHE V�V Y V E�E7J GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHGKû�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�E

U I S X7JL\bM&ó?N S ó�G�XdK S hQY�EZXHE V�V Y V E`fM�Y U JRM�Y�G V EHG�ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�I7°4M V Y S óQJRGoNmY�` U M�� V ¿�û�E�]OE7J�JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�]hQY�E·ô ª-õ�ö?EHGLJ�E�ó û�EHGLY U E�N�E�GL\�û�Y V E UaV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�NmY[G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�l

� Åy� ×�Ø Í�Ù^��Ì ÊFÙoÌ��f�Ú�kÌêÊ�Û6���"+ÝÜßÞ�à

µ S ó�G�`nM�Y UoS Y�J S ócJ S `�` U M�i�M&ó�Nm\ U N S ó�G V_S GLJ U Y�X7JLY U Eá<ó�EjNmY(` U M�� UdS û·û�E�]�ó�M�Y�GT` U IHGdE�óQJRM&ó�GÐû S \�óQJRE�âó S óQJ V EHG5` U \�ó�X7\�` S�V EHG�` S�U JL\bEHG�M�Yi' ³Y° È�¿ ­ ½TN�E1ô/ª3õ�ö�hQY�\OGpg�E�óQJ U E V_S XHE�ócJ�`nM�Y U ikM U û�E U XHE�XHMON�E�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l

;�yã;�yÃx < } �@¿�ä�~����g���-~��_����}°�3¿<�-� ¿W� �I���Aå �&�Ã�°�@���<�D S N�EHGRX U \�`�JL\bM&ó>N�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE,GdM�Y�K S \�JRIHE G�g S XHXHM U N�E S °4EHX V_S û S ó�\b¿ U E�N�M&ócJjM&ó�N�I�á<ó�\�JjYWó�E��4IHM�â

û�I7J U \bE�N S ó�G)ô/ü�ý3þ{ì5æFM�Y�J�N�g S �nM U N V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U N�E7° UdS N�I�á<ó�\ U N�EHGo�rM�� ² E7JRGw� U E�óc°4M"ÿ S óQJ eWN�EHGikM U û�EHG�4IHM&û�I7J U \bhQY�EHG GL\�û,` V EHG�E7J6` U IHN�I�á<ó�\bEHG�hcY�\ U E7°c\bE�óWó�E�ócJ�GRM�Y�°4E�ócJ�N S ó�G V_S N�EHGRX U \�`�JL\bM&ó�N�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEN�g YWó U I S X7JRE7Y U ]�` S�U JL\bX7Y V \b¿ U E�û�E�óQJTN�EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U G�ejE S Y&��X�ÿ V \�ó�N U EHGp]�` S�UdS�V�V I V I7`�\�`f¿HN�EHG�] U IHGRE S Ym¯,X S�ULU IHG�M�YK�E�¯ S �4M&ó S Ym¯�]�GL`�K�¿ U EHGp]�` V_S ó�G���l�D�g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U ó5g�EHGRJ�XHE7`nE�ó�N S óQJ�` S G�XHM&ócJ UdS \�óQJ�N�E�GRE V \�û,\�JRE U eZXHEHG�ikM U û�EHG` U IHN�I�á<ó�\bEHG)û S \bG�`fE7Y�J�XdK�M�\bGL\ U N�E�N�I�á<ó�\ U GREHG6` U M�` U EHG�M�� ² E7JRG6�4IHM&û�I7J U \bhcY�EHG�XHM&û·û�E�\�óQJRE U GREHX7JL\bM&ó»M�YYWó�\bM&ó�N�EHGaikM U û�EHGjI V I�û�E�óQJ S \ U EHGj` U IHXHIHN�E�ócJREHGpl�àM�Y�GjGRM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�G V g�E�É�M U J6XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS � V E \�óQ°4EHGLJL\�N S ó�G V EN�I7°4E V M�`�`fE�û�E�ócJ�N�EaXHE7JLJRET` S�U JL\bE�]QN�I ² ejE�ó,` V_S XHE V M U G�NmYWN�I7��Y�J�N�E V_S ` U IHGRE�óQJRE�I7JLY�N�E�]gó�M�J S û·û�E�óQJTN S ó�GV_S �4EHGLJL\bM&ó[N�EHG ó�çjY�N�Gp]�YWó�\bM&ó�GE7J�\�óQJRE U GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GZN�EHGaNm\�É�I U E�óQJREHGaikM U û�EHGo�4IHM&û�I7J U \bhQY�EHGZN S ó�G V E���Y�JaN�Ei S X7\ V \�JRE UV_S N�I�á<ó�\�JL\bM&ó�N�EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHG�l

>@?Bfgµ<¢fI�D¢� ¡H"E�f���µW ¡H��¡è3��?B¯D?I ·¼�Eo¢+���ì?I �é

D S û S ó�\�`�Y V_S JL\bM&ó�N�ETXHEHG�Nm\�°4E U G�M�� ² E7JRG��4IHM&û�I7J U \bhcY�EHG�`nE7Y�J�GdM�Y�°4E�óQJ�XHM&ó�NmY�\ U E�eN�I�á<ó�\ U N�EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHGN�M&óQJ V E�°4M V YWû�E ó5g�EHGLJ�` S G GL\�û,` V Ee�X S�V X7Y V E UTS ó S�V ÿOJL\bhQY�E�û�E�ócJplcê/ó³û�MONmY V EaN�EX S�V X7Y V GLJRMOXRK S GRJL\bhQY�EN�EHG°4M V YWû�EHG S I7JRI&` U I7°cY�`nM�Y U ` S�V�V \bE U XHE&` U M�� V ¿�û�E�l�D5E?` U \�ó�X7\�`nE&XHM&ó�GL\bGRJRE[e��rE�óQJRM�Y U E U � V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEN�M&óQJ V E°4M V YWû�EjEHGLJTe N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E U N�g YWó�Eai�M U û�EjGL\�û,` V E�]O` S�U E�¯mE�û,` V EZYWó�EjGL`�K�¿ U E,��N�M&óQJoM&ó�XHM&óWó S rbJ V E°4M V YWû�E���l���ó�N�I�á<ó�\bGRG S óQJ�YWó�E�GRM�Y U XHE�GLY U i S X7\bhQY�E N�E_ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�YWó�\�ikM U û�I�û�E�óQJ U E7` S�U JL\bE GRY UFV_S GLY U i S XHE N�EXHE7JLJREaGL`�K�¿ U E�]QM&ó,`fE7Y�J�N�IHNmY�\ U E V ET°4M V YWû�EaXdK�E U XRK�IaN�g S ` U ¿HG V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY<»�Ym¯,N�E1ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�hcY�\�J UdS °4E U GdEXHE�°4M V YWû�E�l µ EHX7\cEHGLJ�\�û,` V I�û�E�óQJRI�N S ó�G�ô/ª3õ�önl µ E�X S�V X7Y V Gpg�E�É�EHX7JLY�E S Y�JRM&û S JL\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJ�hQY S ó�N�XHE U J S \�ó�EHGXHE V�V Y V EHG?Ç:ÈOë�(�î ³ ¿ È ­�À^ì ]�E7JaN�M&óQJ$ô ü�ý3þ ó�Ej`fE7Y�JX S�V X7Y V E U�V E6°4M V YWû�E�]�E�¯m\bGLJRE�óQJN S ó�G V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�l

ç�í

Material

ZAI

Nucleus

FissionProduct

FPDistribution

TemperatureMap

BasePriority

ReadXSFile

XSDIR

ReactionList

NucleiTree

NuclearChart

EvolutiveSystem

EvolutionControl

MySystem

MySystemControl

Plane

Cylinder

Tube

Sphere

Hexagon

Brick

Node

Cell

Shapes

Definition de la géométrie

Création du système à simuler

Gestion des Bases de données

Construction de l'arbre des noyaux

Definition des Matériaux

Evolution du système et contrôle de l'évolution

MureGui

MureRead

Exploitation des Résultats

è@é�êÄìm�ml�¢*í�î�ëëî ­�® ½ ­ ½ ² ¿ ¬ ½O½ ­ ½ °-, ³ ¾¡ï ­7ì ½ ­Hì!®�­ ¿ ¬�ì ë ³8À ½�½ ²�ð (�' ¬4ì ë5Ç:È ­ ½CÇ:ÈOë ²1³nÀ ½ ì ë ì È ­:À^ì ¿ ¬ ½ ì5® È ²Hì È ®1­C° È ²1³Y°�­ô/ª3õ�ö ù

;�y¡;�yã; <Æ} �@¿�ä�~����g����~ �@���B� }�� ¿<�I��}���Ð

DFEHG û S JRI U \ S Ym¯[` U IHGdE�óQJRGZN S ó�G V E�` U M�� V ¿�û�E GdM&óQJN�I�á<ó�\bGjE�óPE�óQJ UdS óQJ V E7Y U N�E�ó�GL\�JRI�E7J V E7Y U XHM&û,`nM�âGL\�JL\bM&ó�\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E�l�D�g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U `fE7Y�J XRK�M�\bGL\ U N�E(GL`fIHX7\�á^E U XHE V�V E�â�X7\TGRE V M&ó V g YWó�\�JRI(N�EWGdM&óCXdK�M�\�¯n]�û�M V_S \ U EM�Y«û S GRGL\bhcY�E�l�àZM�JRM&ó�G6\bX7\�hQY�E V EHG6N�E�ó�GR\�JRIHG�N�EHGcû S JRI U \ S Ym¯>I7°4M V Y�E�óQJ S °4EHX V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l�µc\2]n`nM�Y U YWóU I S X7JRE7Y U e>XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�GRM V \bN�E�XHE7JLJRE[I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¾EHGLJiû,\�ó�\�û�E�]�XHE7JLJRE?ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&óWó S�V \�JRI[`nE7Y�J�GdE U I7°4I V E U\�ócJRI U EHGRG S óQJRE�`fM�Y UoV_S GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&óPN�EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U Ge�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E V \bhcY�\bN�E�l

Î�¶

;�yã;�yz < } ���-~��F�&�4�@�Z�g���-~���Ä��@~_�Ö��}����°�@�ø�@�-~@~@¿<����å �@�2ñÆ¿<�g��~�� ���^� ����=1¿<�I}o�g�@�g���æ�M�Y�JREWN�M&óWó�IHEPóQY�X V I S \ U E(N�E�� S GRE�]�hQY5g�E V�V E�GdM�\�J)û�EHGLY U IHE�E�¯O`nI U \�û�E�óQJ S�V E�û�E�ócJ�M�Y>` U IHNm\�JREW` S�U YWó

û�McN�¿ V E�]nN�M�\�J6GLY�\�° U E�YWóP` U MOXHEHGRGLY�GjN�E)û,\bGdE E�ó�ikM U û�E S ° S ócJ�N�gx¸7J U E�Y�JL\ V \bG S � V E�` S�U YWó�XHMcN�E�\�ómikM U û S âJL\bhQY�E�lfê/ó&JRE V ` U MOXHEHGRGLY�GN�E�XHM ULU EHX7JL\bM&ó5]fN�g S ó S�V ÿOGRE E7JaN�E�XHM&ómi U M&ócJ S JL\bM&ó�eWN�EHGÆû�MON�¿ V EHGaJLK�IHM U \bhcY�EHGp] S`fM�Y U M�� ² EHX7JL\�iN�g�I7J S � V \ U YWó»E�ó�GRE�û�� V E(XHM�K�I U E�ócJ,N�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHGkóQY�X V I S \ U EHG�` S�UdS û�I7J U IHEHG&��N�E�JRE V G�` S�UdS âû�¿7J U EHG�`nE U û�E7JLJ U M&óQJp]�` S�U E�¯�E�û,` V E�]�N�g�I V_S�U ��\ UaV EHG U IHGRM&ó S ó�XHEHGahcY�Ej` U IHGRE�óQJRE�ócJ V EHGaGREHX7JL\bM&ó�GaE�ãWX S XHEHGGL\M&óWN�IHGL\ U EoE�¯mJ UdS `fM V E U�V EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHG ejN�g S Y�J U EHG�JRE�û,`fI UdS JLY U EHG���l µ Eo` U McXHEHGdGLY�G�N�E U IHNmY�X7JL\bM&óWN�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHGóQY�X V I S \ U EHGjE�ó[YWó�E�ó�GRE�û�� V E N�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHGJ S ��Y V IHEHGEHGLJ S `�`fE V I6YWó�E^(�î ¬ ¿ È ¬�ì ë ³nÀ ]^E7JZXHM&ó�NmY�\�JN�M&ó�X�e�N�EHGN�M&óWó�IHEHG,Nm\�JREHG�(�î ¬ ¿ ÈW( ­ ½�l µ E(J UdS ° S \ V N�g�I7° S�V Y S JL\bM&ó�Gpg�E�É�EHX7JLY�E�]���\bE�óCE�ócJRE�ó�NmY5]�`fM�Y U XRK S hcY�EÀó�M"ÿ S Y¤E7JXRK S hcY�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó[E�¯m\bGLJ S ócJaN S ó�G V EHG V \�� UdS \ U \bEHG�lD S XHM&û·û�YWó S Y�JRI·óQY�X V I S \ U E S�S N�M�`�JRI�YWóPi�M U û S J6XHM&û·û�YWóAeWJRM�Y�G V EHGj` S ÿOGjE7J6M U � S ó�\bG S JL\bM&ó�G�hcY�\

E�ÉnEHX7JLY�E�ócJaXHEj�4E�ó U E6N�g�I7° S�V Y S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E6N�M&óWó�IHEHG1óQY�X V I S \ U EHG�l µ g�EHGLJ V E ] î ¬ ¿ È ¬�ì�­�° ùAÈ ² ¿ ­�¬8® î ¬�ì�¬ ò{³8® ' ¬�ì��ö<ý5���O��l µ EZi�M U û S J�EHGRJ U E7` U \bGo` S�U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHGT` U \�ó�X7\�` S�V EHG V \�� UdS \ U \bEHG1óQY�X V I S \ U EHGZE�¯m\bGLJ S óQJREHGpl µ \�JRM&ó�Ga\bX7\V EHG�` V Y�Go\�û,`nM U J S óQJREHGZN S ó�G V E7Y U °4E U GR\bM&ó V_S ` V Y�G U IHXHE�ócJRE�ó

• ô �@YDYhçml�¢�� V \�� UdS \ U \bE�E7Y U M�`fIHE�óWó�E��•�}à u Y_n´�â�âAÛj� V \�� UdS \ U \bE S û�I U \bX S \�ó�E��

• ô �.à/ujDnâ�çml�ç�� V \�� UdS \ U \bE ²LS `nM&ó S \bGRE��

D5EHG N�M&óWó�IHEHG�I7° S�V Y�IHEHG�N�M�\�°4E�ócJ�XHE7`nE�ó�N S óQJp] S ° S ócJ N�E(GRE U °O\ U e[YWó�E S `�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó5]!¸7J U E(XHM&óQ°4E U JL\bEHGS Y¤ikM U û S J S N S `�JRI S Y.XHMON�E?hQY�\ V EHG,Y�JL\ V \bGdE�l�´ S�U E�¯�E�û,` V E�]�GRE V M&ó V EHG,X S�UdS X7JRI U \bGLJL\bhQY�EHG�NmY.XHMON�E�] V EHGN�M&óWó�IHEHG�GRM&ócJ û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�IHEHG�GRE V M&óPYWó�E,Nm\bGRX U I7JL\bG S JL\bM&ówû�Y V JL\�� U M�Y�`fE,E�ó�I�ó�E U ��\bE&��X S G6N�EHG û�I7JLK�MON�EHG6N�I�âJRE U û,\�ó�\bGLJREHG���M�Y[GRM&óQJaY�JL\ V \bGRIHEHGaE�ó&I�ó�E U ��\bE�XHM&óQJL\�óQY�E���X S G�N�Ecû�I7JLK�MON�EHG�` U M�� S ��\ V \bGRJREHG���l�u S ó�GoJRM�Y�G V EHGX S G�E V�V E(N�E7° U M&óQJ<¸7J U E�E�¯mJ UdS `fM V IHEHG,e V_S JRE�û,`nI UdS JLY U E�N�IHGL\ U IHE�l!Û V E�¯m\bGLJREW` V Y�GR\bE7Y U G,XHMcN�EHG hQY�\��4¿ U E�óQJXHE7JLJRE ì5®�¬�° È ²pì ë ³8À NmYCi�M U û S J³ö<ý5���A°4E U G V EWikM U û S J�` U M�`�\bXHE S YCXHMON�E�l�D5E(ikM U û S J U EHhcY�\bG ` S�U ô ü�ý3þEHGLJ V E�ikM U û S Jo3�ü�ö���[ ÷ ³ '�Æ ¬�²pì�] î ¬ ¿ È ¬�ì�­�°�À È ² ¿ ­1¬8®B°�¬�ì�¬�À ¿ ­ ��lmD5Ei�M U û S Jo3�ü�ö S N�M�`�JREjYWó�EZGRJ U Y�X7JLY U ENm\�ÉnI U E�ócJREaN S ó�G V g�M U � S ó�\bG S JL\bM&ó�N�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHG�]4XHEohQY�\�`nE U û�E7J�N�g�M�`�JL\�û,\bGRE U V g S XHXH¿HG�e6XHE V�V EHGwâ�X7\^` S�U ô ü�ý3þ�lD5E�XHMON�E ì5®�¬�° È ²pì�­ È ® Y�JL\ V \bGRIT`fM�Y U ` S GdGRE U N�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHG�I7° S�V Y�IHEHG S Y�ikM U û S J�3�ü�ö,EHGLJ V E�XHMON�ET��\bE�óWXHM&óWócYN�E6J UdS \�JRE�û�E�óQJZN�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHGÆócY�X V I S \ U EHG ýFõ�¬�ö/Ý|�nÖ8Þ�l

Tné Tnéb÷5ém >_?BfIE�¯�?aOZø?ù&úÆT^û�Ó)Oý5õ�¬�ö¾EHGLJ�YWóAXHMON�E�XHM&û,` V E�¯�EWN�M&ócJ V_S û S rbJ U \bGRE³ó�IHXHEHGRGL\�JRE�N�EHG�XHM&óWó S \bGRG S ó�XHEHG�` U M�` U EHG S YAJ UdS ° S \ V

N�g�I7° S�V Y S JL\bM&ó�N�E,N�M&óWó�IHEHGcóQY�X V I S \ U EHGpl�´�M�Y U `nE U û�E7JLJ U E�e V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U á<ó S�V N�EPô/ª3õ�ö±N�g S XHXHIHN�E U�S Ym¯i�M&ó�X7JL\bM&óWó S�V \�JRIHG N�EÆý5õ�¬�ö�G S ó�G�Gpg S�V M�Y U Nm\ U N�EHG S Y�J U EHG�` S�U JL\bEHG�N�EoXHETXHMON�E�J U ¿HG�° S GLJRE�] V ETXHMON�E�N�g \�ócJRE U i S XHE

Î�¢

ö<ýF�F��:Q3�ü�ö#Ý|�4ü8Þ S I7JRI,IHX U \�J�E�óA�n¶n¶�ý�þ�`nM�Y U `nE U û�E7JLJ U E,YWó±` S GRG S �4E S \bGRI�NmY±ikM U û S J ö<ý5�F� S YPikM U û S J3�ü�ön] V \bGL\�� V EZ` S�U ô ü�ý3þTì�Û V�U E7� U M�Y�`nEZ` V Y�GL\bE7Y U GÐû�MONmY V EHGoNmY(` U M�� UdS û·û�Eký5õ�¬�ö�]�E7JoGL\�û,` V \�á^E V g�IHX U \�JLY U Eá<ó S�V EZNmY(á^XRK�\bE U 3�ü�ön]�E�ó(`nE U û�E7JLJ S óQJ�N�g�IHX U \ U EjXHE V Y�\�â�X7\5E�óWikM U û S J S GRX7\�\nM�Y(E�ó���\�ó S \ U E,��E�ó�Y�JL\ V \bG S óQJ V Eû�MONmY V Ekô�3�ÿ3­�����N�Ekô/ü�ý3þ���lDFE6XHMcN�E)ö<ýF�F��:Q3�ü�ö�ó�M�Y�G S `nE U û,\bG�N�Ej�4I�ó�I U E U JRM�Y�JRE6YWó�Ej� S GRE6N�E6N�M&óWó�IHEHGZe�Nm\�°4E U GREHGoJRE�û,`nI UdS â

JLY U EHGp]QE�ó�ikM U û S J���\�ó S \ U EZE7J�`nM U J S � V E�l��Zg�EHGLJ�XHE7JLJREa� S GREahQY�E$ô ª-õ�ö,Y�JL\ V \bGREE7J hcY�\^XHM&û,`�JRE S Y ² M�Y U N�g KcY�\` V Y�GoN�E6ý���� ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�l���E U EHXHM�Y U GÐó�M�Y�GT`fE U û�E7J�N�EjNm\bGL`nM�GRE U N�EZJRM�Y�G V EHGT` U McNmY�\�JRGoN�EZá^GdGL\bM&ó�GTE�¯O\bGLJ S ócJN S ó�G V EHG�� S GREHGp]�E7JKó�M�J S û·û�E�óQJWN�EÀó�E(` S G�GRE V \�û,\�JRE U e�XHE7Ym¯�i�M�Y U ó�\bG ` S�U�V_S�V \�� UdS \ U \bE?GLJ S ó�N S�U N¤N�Eô/ü�ý3þjl

� Å�� × �0Ù^� Ø ÎwÙ�� ��ÉÙ½��� Ë��� ���ÛÆË�Ì�ÙoÎRÛÆÉ � Ø É ÍÎ!$#[%�'µc\�û�Y V E U�V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó(GLY U�V EoJRE�û,`�G�N�g YWó�G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�EÐóQY�X V I S \ U EaGdM�Y�G�\ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó³ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E�\�û,` V \bhcY�E

V_S�U IHGdM V Y�JL\bM&ó�ócYWû�I U \bhQY�E(N�EHG�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E�� S JRE�û S óC`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�Eió�M�ÿ S YCNmY�G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�EWhcY�\�I7°4M V Y�E�làZM�Y�GoN�I7J S \ V�V M&ó�G û S \�ócJRE�ó S óQJjXHEj`fM�\�ócJ�\�û,`nM U J S óQJpl

;�yz�y�x <Æ���B¿^Ç��_}��g���-~����_���^}�� ��� }�~��W����} � }�� �I�����ø��Ä�¿W|��-���_� ���-~DFEHGZIHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G6N�E�� S JRE�û S ó5]fhcY�\�N�IHX U \�°4E�óQJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó>N�E�XRK S hcY�Ekó�M"ÿ S Y>GRM�Y�GZ\ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5]�GRM&ócJ

N�EHG�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G�Nm\���I U E�óQJL\bE V�V EHG�NmY>` U E�û,\bE U M U N U E�l5� V�V EHG�J UdS NmY�\bGRE�óQJ V E�i S \�J�hQY�E�]Fe?YWó>\�ó�GLJ S óQJ N�M&óWó�I�]V E J S Ym¯PN�E ° S�U \ S JL\bM&ó>N�E V_S ` U M�`fM U JL\bM&ó S JRM&û,\bhcY�E,N�g YWówó�M"ÿ S YAEHGRJ V_S GRM&û·û�E�N�EHGjJ S Ym¯�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�GhcY�\�XHM&ó�NmY�\bGdE�óQJ�e V_S X U I S JL\bM&ó>N�E�XHE7J6\bGRM�JRM�`nE�]���JRIHE,N�E V_S GRM&û·û�E,N�EHGjJ S Ym¯±N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�hQY�\ V E�i�M&ócJNm\bGL` S�UdS rbJ U E�l���ó S N�M�`�J S ócJ V_S ó�M�J S JL\bM&ó»E�óAE�¯m`fM�G S óQJ

j → i`nM�Y U�U I�i�I U E�ó�XHE U�V g�E�ó�GRE�û�� V E(N�EHG$ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯

\�ó�Nm\bXHIHGjhcY�\2]cGRM�\�J�` S�U N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE�]mGRM�\�J�` S�U�U I S X7JL\bM&ó

rXHM&ó�NmY�\bGdE�óQJae V_S ` U MONmY�X7JL\bM&ó&N�g YWóPó�M�ÿ S Y&N�E

V g�EHGL`n¿HXHEi]�E7J�E�ó�GRI7` S�UdS ócJ V EHG�JRE U û�EHG U E V_S JL\�i�G S Ym¯ U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&ó?� V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�N�E Nm\��nY�GL\bM&ókó�E

û�MONm\�á^E�óQJ�` S G V_S ó S JLY U ENmYPó�M"ÿ S Y?E7J@ó�EGRM&óQJTN�M&ó�X` S G XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IHEHG�N S ó�G V EHG�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�GTN�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó��E7J�XHE7Ym¯ U E V_S JL\�i�GZe V_S N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE$ó S JLY U E V�V E�N�EHG1ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯n]�M&ó�M���JL\bE�óQJ�ó

∂Ni

∂t= −λiNi +

j

λj→ij Nj

︸ ︷︷ ︸uZIHX U M�\bGdG S ó�XHE+

j′

Nj′〈σj′〉j′→i〈φ〉 − Ni

∀r

〈σi〉(r)〈φ〉

︸ ︷︷ ︸ÒI S X7JL\bM&ó�G

�k�ml�¢��4�

M&p V EHG UdS `�`nM U JRG�N�E�� UdS ó�XdK�E�û�E�óQJRGRj→i

E7JR′

j→i

`fM�Y U�V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G E7J V EHG�N�IHX U M�\bGdG S ó�XHEHG�GRM&ócJ\�û,` V \bX7\�JRE�û�E�ócJZIHX U \�JRG�N S ó�G V_S ó�M�J S JL\bM&ó�E�ó&E�¯m`fM�G S óQJ

j → ió

〈σj〉j→i = 〈σj〉j→iRj→i

�k�ml�¢�¢��� �k��ûL{�û�z�ÿZ���������+�������¡���2����û��D����cvF� ���y�k�2����·Äÿ�� !"� Ê$# ����û H�

%Q�

λj→ij = λjR

′j→i

�k�ml�¢p�4�D5E�G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�N�g�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G&XHM�Y�` V IHEHG�hQY5g�M&ó XdK�E U XRK�E�e U IHGdM�Y�N U E�`fE7Y�J&N�M&ó�XAGpg�IHX U \ U E�GRM�Y�G�ikM U û�E

û S J U \bX7\bE V�V E6XHM&û·û�EZYWó�E/û S J U \bXHEjX S�ULU IHEAN�EjNm\�û�E�ó�GL\bM&ó

n] V E ó�M&û�� U EjN�E ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�hQY�\nI7°4M V Y�E�óQJ�N S ó�G

V E�` U M�� V ¿�û�E�lO��ó³ó�M�J S ócJ −→N (t)

V Eo°4EHX7JRE7Y U N�EHG�` U M�`nM U JL\bM&ó�G S JRM&û,\bhQY�EHG�N�EaXHEHG@ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯WN S ó�G V_S XHE V�V Y V E�ó

−→N (t) =

N1(t)

. . .

Nj(t)

. . .

Nn−1(t)

Nn(t)

�k�ml�¢Yç4�

D5E6G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E6G�g�IHX U \�J

d−→N (t)

dt= A(t) ×

−→N (t)

�k�ml�¢&%c�' °4EHXj`fM�Y U I V I�û�E�ócJRGN�E$û S J U \bXHE

Aii = −λi −∑

k

〈σi〉i→k〈φ〉

�k�ml�¢pý4�

Aij = +λj→ij + 〈σj〉

j→i〈φ〉�k�ml�¢�(4�

' á<ó&N�E6`nM�Y�°4M�\ UoU E�û,` V \ U XHM ULU EHX7JRE�û�E�óQJjXHE7JLJREcû S J U \bXHE6\ V i S Y�N UdS ó•��J S � V \ U V EHG U E V_S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E�á V \ S JL\bM&ó»E�óQJ U EÀó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�]�X�g�EHGLJwâre�â�Nm\ U E(I7J S � V \ U ]�`nM�Y U XdK S hQY�EÀó�M�ÿ S Y

i]

V g�E�ó�GRE�û�� V EJiJRE V hQY�E

∀j ∈ Ji, j → i] S \�ó�GR\�hQY�E V E,GRM�Y�GLâ�E�ó�GRE�û�� V E�N�EKó�M"ÿ S Ym¯

{k} ∈ IkhcY�\

°4I U \�á^E�ócJi → k

l•µ S °4M�\ U ó�M U û S�V \bGRE U6V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY*)�Ym¯�\�ócJRI7� U I

〈φ〉N�E V_S XHE V�V Y V E,N�M&óQJ�M&ó�X S�V X7Y V E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�e

V_S ° S�V E7Y U hcY�\FXHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N[e V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE ì,+4ì,-/.10 NmY&G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�làZM�Y�G�N�I7J S \ V�V M&ó�GÆû S \�ócJRE�ó S óQJjXHEHG�N�E7Ym¯&I7J S `fEHG�\�û,`fM U J S ócJREHGpl

;�y�z�y¡; <�Ä�}��g�@�I�Ö�@���B~@�^Å�}���Ðê/ó�E�ikM�\bGjN�I�á<ó�\bE V_S XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&ó�\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E�N�E JRM�Y�G V EHG û S JRI U \ S Ym¯±XHM&ó�GLJL\�JLY S ócJ V E ` U M�� V ¿�û�E�] U EHGLJRE

e�XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\ U E V_S�V \bGLJRE�N�EHGÆó�M"ÿ S Ym¯[hcY�\FGRM&ócJGLY�GdXHE7`�JL\�� V EHGN�g S `�` S�UdS rbJ U E XHM&û·û�E�` U MONmY�\�JRGN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&óE7J�N�E�N�IHX U M�\bGdG S ó�XHE�lF´�M�Y U XHE V_S ]F\ V i S Y�N UdS ` U E�ó�N U EWE�ó�XHM&û,`�JRE V EHG�Nm\���I U E�óQJREHG U E V_S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E�á V \ S JL\bM&ó5]N�E6N�EHGRXHE�ó�N S ó�XHE�E7JoN�g S GRXHE�ó�N S ó�XHE�]�GdM�\�J�` S�UoU I S X7JL\bM&ó ócY�X V I S \ U E�]^GRM�\�JT` S�U N�IHGL\�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó5]^hcY�\nE�¯m\bGLJRE�ócJ

%�ç

E�ócJ U E V EHG�Nm\�°4E U G@ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯WNmY�` U M�� V ¿�û�E�l2��E7JLJRE V \bGLJREoE�¯mK S Y�GLJL\�°4E���GdM�Y�G�XHE U J S \�ó�EHG�K4ÿc`nM�JLK�¿HGREHG GL\�û,` V \�á^X S âJ U \bXHEHGohcY�\�GRE U M&óQJ�N�I7J S \ V�V IHEHGT` S�UoV_S GLY�\�JRE�� EHGLJÐû�MON�I V \bGRIHEj` S�UTV g S�U �fM U EHGRXHE�ó�XHE6hcY5g�M&ó ó�M&û·û�Ej\bX7\ .!, -/3�453607 058�9:+&*;-/< = l ��E7J S�U � U E(N�EHGkó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�EHGLJ�XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\�J YWó�E�ikM�\bG�`fM�Y U JRM�Y�JREHG V M U G�N�E V g \�ó�\�JL\ S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó�NmYX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó*=�êZÒa�al´�M�Y U XdK S hQY�E,\bGdM�JRM�`fE�] V_S `nI U \bMON�E�] V EHGcû�McN�EHG�N�E�N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE�E7J V EHG UdS `�`fM U JRG�N�E�� UdS ó�XRK�E�û�E�óQJ

XHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N S óQJRG�GRM&óQJ V Y�G6N S ó�GjYWó±á^XdK�\bE U \�óQJRE U ó�E�eaô/ª3õ�öPhcY�\ U E7` U E�ó�N>N�EHG6N�M&óWó�IHEHG�N�E V_S(V \�� UdS \ U \bEô �@YDY¤E7J�N�E V_S U I�i�I U E�ó�XHErÝ|��>8Þ�lDFEHGoNm\��nI U E�ócJRG�J�ÿO`nEHGoN�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�GÆóQY�X V I S \ U EHGaXHM&ó�GRJL\�JLY�E�óQJaYWó�E@? .1-A8B8C0 7 , +D4 ï 07ì e�` S�U Jp] S á<ó&N�g�MA� U \ U

e V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U V_S `fM�GdGL\���\ V \�JRIoN�E�XRK�M�\bGR\ U�V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G S Y�JRM U \bGRIHEHG�GLY U XdK S hQY�EÆó�M"ÿ S Y�G�g \ V�V EoN�IHGL\ U E�lgu S ó�Gó�M�J U E�X S G�]¡ó�M�Y�G�Y�JL\ V \bGRM&ó�GFYWó�E�N�I7JREHX7JL\bM&ó S Y�JRM&û S JL\bhcY�E�N�E�JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�GF` U IHGRE�óQJREHG�E7JFNm\bGL`nM&ó�\�� V EHGN S ó�G V_S � S GRE,N�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHG�`nM�Y U XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\ U E V E,` U E�û,\bE U S�U � U E�N�EHG$ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯ S ° S óQJ�GL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&ó5l2Û V�SI7� S�V E�û�E�ócJ I7JRI�\�û,` V I�û�E�ócJRIaYWó�M U N U EaN�Eo` U \bM U \�JRIN�EHG V \�� UdS \ U \bEHG N�EaN�M&óWó�IHEHG@ócY�X V I S \ U EHG�ej` U E�ó�N U E�l2��E7JM U N U E�N�E�` U \bM U \�JRI�EHGLJ�I7J S � V \�` S�U�V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U ]FhcY�\�`fE7Y�J S�V M U G�XRK�M�\bGL\ U N�E�GRE U EHGLJ U E7\�ó�N U EWe?YWó�E,� S GREYWó�\bhcY�E6M�Y[N�g S�V�V E U XdK�E U XRK�E U N�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHGaN S ó�G�N�g S Y�J U EHGa� S GREHGpl

T�é�÷5é Tné+m L��+�ìAD¢+�FEDfIµ�H���E�h�¯D?a¢Ã±�µWCF�DCF?B¯�?4 ³h-EZ®�µ<�3¸uj¿HG V M U G(hcY�E�]�N S ó�G V EHG U ¿7� V EHG�N�E&XHM&ó�GRJ U Y�X7JL\bM&ó�N�E V g S�U � U E�N�E ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�M&ó.XHM&ó�GL\bN�¿ U E[N�EHG U I S X�â

JL\bM&ó�G�XHM&û·û�E V_S á^GRGR\bM&ó5] V_S X S `�JLY U E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�EjM�Y V_S N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHEα]cM&ó(° S J U ¿HG UdS `�\bN�E�û�E�óQJ S °4M�\ U ]

XHM&û·û�E·ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯>`fM�JRE�ócJL\bE V�V E�û�E�óQJ�` U IHGRE�ócJRG�N S ó�G V E,` U M�� V ¿�û�E�]5JRM�Y�JRE V_S XRK S�U JRE�N�EHG$óQY�X V I7\bN�EHG�l2Û V EHGLJN�M&ó�XÀó�IHXHEHGRG S \ U E?N�E(` U MOXHIHN�E U e±N�EHG,GL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E V g S�U � U E ó�E�GRE UdS \�Jwâ�XHE?hcY�E(`fM�Y U N�EHG��nEHGRM�\�ó�GN�g�IHXHM&ó�M&û,\bE�N�E6X S�V X7Y V E7JaN�E6Nm\bGL`nM&ó�\���\ V \�JRI�N�EHG�N�M&óWó�IHEHG óQY�X V I S \ U EHGpl

L3�+��A�¢+�GE�fgµ�H��Eoh°A�µWC³H"?4��AD i¯D?B¯D?4���IH�¼-�?B���+h��+�«����é

´�M�Y U JRM�Y�Jcó�M"ÿ S Y S ÿ S óQJ�YWóPJRE�û,`�G�N�E N�E�û,\�â2°O\bE�\�ómikI U \bE7Y U e(YWó�E�° S�V E7Y U GRE7Y�\ VTmin

\�û,`nM�GRIHE ` S�UV g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U ��E7J@û,\bGREN S ó�G1ô/ª3õ�ö ` S�U N�I�i S Y�J�eW¢7K���]QM&óWXHM&ó�GR\bN�¿ U EhcY�E V EÆó�M�ÿ S Y�E�ó(hQY�EHGLJL\bM&ó(N�IHX U M�rbJ\�û·û�IHNm\ S JRE�û�E�ócJ�°4E U G�GREHG�N�EHGRXHE�ó�N S óQJRG�\�û·û�IHNm\ S JRGpl5D S á���Y U E@%�l|�(\ V�V Y�GRJ U E�XHE UdS \bGRM&óWó�E�û�E�óQJp]�M&p V g�M&óXHM&ó�GL\bN�¿ U E V E X S GN�g YWó�ó�M"ÿ S Y«Ï�]�` U MONmY�\�J` S�U N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE�M�Y U I S X7JL\bM&ó�GLY U ' ]^E7JjN�M&óQJ V E�JRE�û,`�GjN�EN�E�û,\�â2°O\bEjEHGLJ \�ómikI U \bE7Y U e

Tminl�µcY U XHE7JTE�¯�E�û,` V E�] V E ó�M"ÿ S Y ϽEHGLJoI V_S ��Y�IjN�E V g S�U � U E6X S�U \ V ó�EjG S JL\bGwi S \�J

` S G V E�X U \�JR¿ U E N�E�N�E�û,\�â2°O\bE$û,\�ó�\�û S�V E�ó V E$ó�M�ÿ S Y ' K�I U \�JRE�N�EHG�á V GZN�E�N�IHX U M�\bGdG S ó�XHE�N�E)Ï l^D5EHG�á V GZN�EÏ�` S�UoU I S X7JL\bM&ó�GRM&ócJaI V_S ��Y�IHGaE7J ó5g S `�` S�UdS \bGRGRE�óQJZN�M&ó�X6` S Go`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�N S ó�G V_S N�EHGdXHE�ó�N S ó�XHEN�E ' l�u S ó�G�JRM�Y�G V EHG,X S G V EHG UdS `�`nM U JRGWN�E�� UdS ó�XRK�E�û�E�ócJRG�GRY�\�° S ócJ,YWó�E V \�� ó�E?N�E?N�EHGRXHE�ó�N S ó�XHE&GRM&ócJU EHGL`nEHX7JRIHGpl�D S XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�X7JL\bM&ó�N�E V g S�U � U E�N�E ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�G�g�E5�nEHX7JLY�E�N�E�` U MOXRK�E E�ó[` U MOXRK�E E7JZXHE�` U McXHIHN�I N�EGL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&óPGRE U I7`n¿7JREj`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�E$ó�M"ÿ S YPe JRM�Y U N�E U � V E�l

%�%

A

X

A

E F

E F G H

Decay (R )

R RE F

X

Decay(R R E)X

Decay(R X R F)

T 1/2< T min

b) Après Simplificationa) Avant Simplification

Noyaux Fils

Par Réaction

Noyaux Fils

Par Décroissance

Noyaux Fils

Par Décroissance

úfû�üKJ�L�¬�«NM7¨BOQPSRUTFVXW|¨wªBO/Lr©NY�L�Z�[�\w«�©�]^V_ ¨�©a`&V,by©�«Bc�Z,Zr¨�¬�b�Ld`CL�e

A

X

A

W1=RE W2=RF

E F G H

Noyaux Fils

Par DécroissanceNoyaux Fils

Par Réaction

R RE F

T 1/2< T min

b) Après Simplificationa) Avant Simplification

Reaction (W0

)

E F

Noyaux Fils

Par Réaction

W0

W0

ú=þnüfJ2L�¬�«BM�¨BOgPSRQTGVXW|¨LªBOALr©BY�L�Z,[;\w«�©�]^V _ ¨�©�©,Vk¨&bX[1c�«�¬hZ,Op©�e

è@éëê@ì��ml|��íM÷ 3 ë ì�i5360 7 0j8 ë'Qk . ë À ? -4ì ë +/9 k -/3l8�05< ë . 7 0 7 0 '�ë % îpë 0 '�ë 9 ë' -/.I0nm&< ë ë 9^ì�053 îpë 0&9^ì�.�+�3N8 7 0*.1-? +/9o87ì"3B< ? ì ë +/9 7 0l.�, -/3�45360 7 0B8p9:+&*;-/< = 7 0l.!, (�î +�.q<mì ë +�9Pù�ð�+ ë ìr.I0l9:+&*;-/<tsvu T1/2 < Tmin w 0B87ì k 3x+ 7 < ë ìk -/3 7 (x? 3x+ ë 8N8C-/9 ? 0 7 <*9:+&*;-/< [ u|À2ñ�<y360@- w 9a8&+ ë ì ë .�0B87ì k 3z+ 7 < ë ì k -/3{3 ( - ? ì ë +/9$85<y3 [ u|À7ñ/<y360�4 w - î 0 ? <�9k + ë 7 8 W0

ù [|k 36iB8^8 ë�'Qk . ë À ? -�ì ë +/9W9K.I0B8g9�+&*;-/<&=�Àa.}8 k -/3 7 (6? 3z+ ë 8B8&-/9 ? 0 7 0~s�8C+/9^ì ? +/9�8 ë 7 ( 3 ( 8 7 ë 360 ? ì�0 ' 059^ì? + 'K' 0aÀ.}8 7 0 [ ù î -/[email protected] ? -A8 7 058�9�+&*;-/<&=�À.q8 k -/3@3 ( - ? ì ë +/9 7 0�sc9g+/9 ? +/9o8 ë 7 i5360�m&<�0�.I0B8@3 ( - ? ì ë +/9o88B<�4 ë 0B8 k -/3Us�8&+/9^ìa9 ( ñ/. ë ñD0x-D45.I0B8�07ìd+/9*8B< k;k 3 ë�' 0�.�- 7 453z-�9 ? ð20&8 ? +�3B360B8 k +/9 7 -/9�ì�0 î 053B8�8C0B8�Àa.}8 k -�3r3 ( - ? %ì ë +�9Pù î -/9o8 ì,+/<D8�.I0B8 ? -/8 ? 0 ? 3 ë ì�i5360 ? +/9 7 < ë ìDö�9�0 ? +/9o8C0&3 î 0&3�m&<o0@.�-�À. ë -�ì ë +/9 k -�3 7 (6? 3z+ ë 8B8&-/9 ? 0 7 0�s 97 +/9^ì [ ð ( 3 ë ì�0¦ù

%Qý

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

102

104

106

108

1010

1012

0

1000

2000

3000

Tmin

No

mb

re d

e n

oy

au

x d

an

s l’a

rbre

Base Standard MCNP

T = 1h min

Nombre de noyaux dans un arbre qui considère

(n,f ) , (n,γ) et (n,2n) pour Z > 90

(n,γ) et (n,2n) pour 50 < Z < 90

(n,γ) pour Z < 50

èÄé�ê@ì^�ml�ç�í^ù + ' 45360 7 0�9:+&*;-/< = 7 -/9o8�.!, -/3�45360@059 ò +/9 ? ì ë +/9 7 <p8�05< ë . 7 0 7 0 ' ë % î�ë 0 ë'Qk +A8 ( ù

L3�+��A�¢+�GE�fgµ�H��Eoh°¯�?4 iCF²4µWf H��Eoh� iA_?Z�° ����ohD�FEDfIµ�H�� ¼�?I 

��E7JLJRE�GL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&ó�XHM&ó�XHE U ó�E,N�EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�N�M&óQJ V_S GREHX7JL\bM&ó�E�ãWX S XHE,EHGLJ ² Y��4IHE�J U M�`�`nE7Y�GL\�� ó�\�âá^X S JL\�°4E�lnD5E JREHGLJ6E5��EHX7JLY�I XHM&ó�XHE U ó�E V_S hcY S óQJL\�JRI

Ξ]fX S�V X7Y V IHE�`fM�Y U XRK S hcY�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó>N S ó�G V g S�U � U E,N�EHG

ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯�ó

Ξ =

∫ 20MeV0 σi(E)d

V M��(E)

∫ 20MeV0 d

V M��(E)

< 0.01� S�U ó�G

.�k�ml�¢�ü��

ΞU E7` U IHGdE�óQJRE�]5`nM�Y U YWó�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó

iN�M&óWó�IHE�]FYWó�E,° S�V E7Y U û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�E�]�X S�V X7Y V IHE�E�óQJ U E��?E7J����p=PE�â

N�E6G S GREHX7JL\bM&ó[E�ãWX S XHE�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&óσi`nM&ó�N�I U IHE�` S�U�V E V M�� S�U \�JLKWû�E N�E V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�l^D S hQY S ócJL\�JRI

Ξ`nE7Y�J

N�M&ó�X��7J U E6°OY�E�XHM&û·û�E6YWó�E$û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�E�N�EσiGRY U YWó�)�Ym¯�k .�-4ì E�ó V I7JLK S�U ��\bE�l

� V�S I7JRIW°4I U \�á^IWhcY�E�XHE7JLJRE�GL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&óøó�E�GLY�`�` U \�û S \�J ` S G�N�EHG$ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯>\�û,`fM U J S ócJRG�hQY�\�`nM�Y U âUdS \bE�ócJ ² M�Y�E U YWó U � V EaN S ó�G YWó�Eg�pM&ó�E` S�U JL\bX7Y V \b¿ U EjE�ó�I�ó�E U ��\bE�lZu S ó�G�JRM�Y�G V EHG X S G�]4YWó�á^XRK�\bE U XHM&óQJRE�ó S óQJV_S�V \bGRJRE�N�EHG$ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯ S \�ó�GL\ ( .1-Yñ/< ( 8 N�E V g S�U � U EWN�EHG)ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯AEHGLJ�IHX U \�J G!ÿmGLJRI�û S JL\bhQY�E�û�E�ócJ�E7J N�M�\�J��7J U EXHM&ó�GLY V JRI�` S�UoV g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l

L3�+��A�¢+�GE�fgµ�H��Eoh°A�µWCPµW�� "?Zh-fI?a¯D?B¯DEohDh-²4?I ih���fI¢²Iµ<�C�?I �é

��E U J S \�ó�G ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯P`nM�Y UjV EHGRhcY�E V G\ V ó5g ÿ S ` S GjN�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHG�Nm\bGL`nM&ó�\�� V EHG6GLY UZV EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�Gj\�ó�NmY�\�JREHG` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&óåó�E±GRM&óQJ?` S G�` U \bG�E�ó XHM&û,`�JRE�N S ó�G V g S�U �nM U EHGRXHE�ó�XHE�]oE7J V_S�UdS û,\�á^X S JL\bM&ó ` S�U?U I S X7JL\bM&óXHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N S óQJREjGpg S�ULU �7JREjE�ó�XHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHE�l2�/óÀó�EaJ UdS \�JRE S�V M U GThcY�E V E7Y U Nm\bGL` S�U \�JL\bM&ó�` S�U N�IHX U M�\bGdG S ó�XHE�l

%D(

�/ówó�E `fE7Y�Jp]fi S XHE,e�XHE7JLJRE,I7°4E�ócJLY S�V \�JRI�]FhcY�E U E�û S�U hQY�E U hcY�E V g S ��GRE�ó�XHE�JRM�J S�V E,N�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHGcóQY�X V I S \ U EHG`fM�Y U YWó^ó�M"ÿ S Y�`nE7Y�J U E5)^I7JRE U�V E U � V EZ`nE7Y(GL\�� ó�\�á^X S JL\�i�hQY�EZXHE V Y�\�â�X7\ ² M�Y�E S Y ² M�Y U N�g KQY�\5N S ó�G V_S `�KIÿmGL\bhcY�EN�EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U Gpl

;�y�z�yz <�Ä ��~�� ¿<�3�I}o�g���-~ ��� ��Å��F��Æ�� �Ö���-��=���¿����&��� �@��}��g����~ �_���dÄ�¿W|-�-�Ã���g����~ê/ó�EjikM�\bGaXHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\�Jp] V E�G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�N�g�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�GXHM�Y�` V IHEHGZGRE U IHGdM�Y�J óQYWû�I U \bhcY�E�û�E�óQJ6E�ó&Y�JL\ V \bG S óQJ V EHG

û�I7JLK�McN�EHG�X V_S GdGL\bhQY�EHG�N�g \�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó�N�E JÃÿc`nE�Ò�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S l/�M�Y�G�Y�JL\ V \bGRM&ó�G�YWó S�V �4M U \�JLKWû�ET\�óQJRI7� UdS JRE7Y UÒ�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S NmYr%4¿�û�E�M U N U E eT` S G5° S�U \ S � V E��|��íA��]�hcY�\4EHGLJ5��\bE�ó S N S `�JRI eTYWó�E�\�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó�GLY U N�EHG5` S G�N�EJRE�û,`�G S�V�V_S óQJoN�EahcY�E V hQY�EHG ² M�Y U G�e�` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G S óWó�IHEHGplD�ZM�Y�G�N�I7J S \ V�V M&ó�GoN S ó�G XHE7JLJRE` S�U JL\bE V_S ` U MOXHIHNmY U EhQY5g Y�JL\ V \bGdE V E�XHMON�Ekô ª-õ�ö�`nM�Y U û�E�ó�E U e ��\bE�ó[XHE7JLJRE6\�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó5l

Tnéb÷�éb÷5ém >_µw ��+�«��¢µ�H��Eoh ¯@±��Dh-?B²g¼oE�¢+�3H��Eoh ¶wA���� " "µ<h�fg?�fIEoh� ¡H"µ<h�H"?��M&û·û�E6GRM�Y U XHEjN�Ej`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�]�ô/ª3õ�ö^ó�EZXHM&ó�GR\bN�¿ U E6hQY�E V_S XRK S�V E7Y U N�I7� S �4IHE�` S�U á^GdGL\bM&ó5]mE�ó�XHM&ó�GR\�â

N�I UdS óQJ,YWó�E(Nm\bGLJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó¤N�EW° S�V E7Y U G�N�E�XdK S�V E7Y U G,N�E�á^GdGL\bM&óA`nM�Y U XdK S hQY�E S X7JL\�ó�\bN�E���l��/ó�°4E ULUdS hcY�EGL\�û�Y V E U YWó�E�`�Y�\bGdG S ó�XHE?XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJRE U E7°c\bE�ócJWe U E�ó�M U û S�V \bGdE U�V E�)�Ym¯øû�M�ÿ4E�ó¤JRM�J S�V °cY»` S�U,V E�G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E`fE�ó�N S ócJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l���M&û·û�E�M&ó V g S °cY5]3ô/ü�ý-þ&X S�V X7Y V E N�EHG^)�Ym¯�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�EHG ó�M U û S�V \bGRIHGZ` S�U 9�0&<4%ì"3z+�9�8C+/<y3 ? 0 ó�M&ó V EHGKó�M�JRE UdS

φû�X�ó�` l ' á<ó�N�E UdS û�E�ó�E U XHEHG�° S�V E7Y U G�e V E7Y U ° S�V E7Y U XHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N S óQJRE

`fM�Y U�V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHEZGRM�Y�K S \�JRIHE�]O\ V i S Y�J�ó�M U û S�V \bGRE U ` S�U�V E ó�M&û�� U EjN�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�` S�U GREHXHM&ó�N�Ea`nM�Y U XHE7JLJRE`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�l|��E7J S�² Y�GLJRE�û�E�ócJWGpg�E5��EHX7JLY�E?E�ó�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS óQJ V_S GRM&û·û�E?JRM�J S�V E&N�EHG�J S Ym¯»N�E(á^GRGR\bM&ó�N S ó�GJRM�Y�J V EZG�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�] V EZ��Y�J�I7J S ócJ�N�g�I7J S � V \ U YWóWi S X7JRE7Y U N�E ó�M U û S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó ó�M�JRI

αnormhcY�\fGdE UdS�V Eai S X7JRE7Y U

N�g�IHXRK�E V�V E XHM&û·û�YWó±e JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHGhQY�\5I7°4M V Y�E�ócJpl

Ó)µ<¢fI��¢�¯����õWf H"?4��CP¯D?ah�E�C&��µ<¢+� "µ�H��Eohαnorm

A_Eo��C³�Dh-?aAD�D� " "µ<h�fg?P

¯DEohDh-²4?D5E[i S X7JRE7Y U N�Eaó�M U û S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó

αnormEHGRJ(N�M&ó�X�YWó�E�hcY S óQJL\�JRIP� V M�� S�V E±hcY�\ZN�M�\�J��7J U E U EHX S�V X7Y V IHE

`fE�ó�N S ócJ V g \�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó»`fM�Y U Gpg S�² Y�GRJRE U e V_S `�Y�\bGdG S ó�XHE�JRM�J S�V E(hQY5g�M&ó�N�IHGL\ U EWGL\�û�Y V E U l�� U ]�GLY U YWó�` S GN�g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó±N�M&óWó�I�]Wó�M�J U E S�V �4M U \�JLKWû�E6\�ócJRI7� UdS JRE7Y U ÒaYWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S,U IHGRM�Y�J V_S û S J U \bXHE�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óPN�EXRK S hcY�E�XHE V�V Y V E S °4EHX�YWó.` S G�° S�U \ S � V E�]�X S�V X7Y V I�` S�UWV g S�V �4M U \�JLKWû�E±Ò�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ SAV Y�\ û���û�E�]�hQY�\ ó5g SS Y�X7YWó�E UdS \bGRM&ó�N�g��7J U E V E û���û�E6`nM�Y U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHGpl

��EHX7\^GdM�Y V ¿7°4E�N�M&ó�X V g \�û,`nM�GRGL\���\ V \�JRI�N�E�X S�V X7Y V E U ] -/< 'WÉ�' 0 ë 9�8�ì,-/9^ì 7 , ë 9^ì ( ñ/3z-4ì ë +/9 ]�YWó,i S X7JRE7Y U αnormXHM&û·û�YWó»e(JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHGp]FE7J6` S�U XHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHE�N�g \�óQJRE U °4E�ó�\ U GLY U6V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYn)�Ym¯< φ >

S á<óN�E U E�ó�M U û S�V \bGRE U�V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�]�`�Y�\bGRhcY�E[E�ó¤i S \bG S óQJ�YWó.GRE7Y V ` S G�Ò�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S E�óQJ U E�N�E7Ym¯¤X S�V X7Y V Gô/ü�ý-þn]�M&óåó5g S ` S G&M�� V \�� S JRM�\ U E�û�E�ócJ V EHG û���û�EHG&` S G&N�g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó�`fM�Y U?V g�E�ó�GdE�û�� V E>N�EHG&XHE V�V Y V EHG�l´�M�Y U XHM&óQJRM�Y U ó�E U XHE,` U M�� V ¿�û�E�]�E7J S á<ó�N�E�`fM�Y�°4M�\ U X S�V X7Y V E U XHM ULU EHX7JRE�û�E�óQJ

αnormE7J�\�óQJRE U °4E�ó�\ U GLY U

�x� �r����û�z �����2� �kv�ÿ ��û����<���2� ��� �¡�2� ��z �wz��w�d�k��� ���������F� �¡�<� � � ���&�û��¡��·��F������� �+���<�F�f�2�y��ÿ�û����F�B�����wv�ÿ ��v������ ���r�2��z �3�F�3�N�5�5� ����ûd�5¥&���kz|���j·����2���w�����kz\���y�2�����

%cü

V_S ó�M U û S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó�N�E V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE±`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g \�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó5]aM&ó Nm\�°O\bGRE UdSCV g \�óQJRE U ° S�V�V E>E�¯m\bGLJ S óQJ[E�ócJ U EN�E7Ym¯,` S GÐô/ü�ý3þWXHM&ó�GRIHX7Y�JL\�i�G E�ó�` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G�` S G�N�g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó�Ò�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S�S N ²LS XHE�ócJRGpl���EHG�` S G�GRE U M&ócJS `�`nE V IHGa��` S G)õ�ì ÿ��dl ��E7JLJRE�GLY��fNm\�°O\bGL\bM&ó«ó�M�Y�GZ`fE U û�E7J�N�g \�û,`nM�GRE U N�EHGZ\�ó�GLJ S óQJRG6XHM&û·û�YWó�G�e�JRM�Y�JREHG V EHGXHE V�V Y V EHG6N S ó�G ó�M�J U Ekû�I7JLK�McN�E�N�g \�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&óAM&p V g�M&óP`nM�Y ULUdS X S�V X7Y V E UjV E�i S X7JRE7Y U

αnormE7Jj\�ócJRE U °4E�ó�\ U

`nM�Y U \�û,`fM�GdE U YWó[XHM&óQJ U � V E�E�¯OJRE U ó�E S Y�G!ÿOGRJR¿�û�E�l' XdK S hQY�EW` S GKõ�ì�ÿ�]FM&ó�E�ó�N�IHNmY�\�J V EWJ S Ym¯±� V M�� S�V N�E,á^GdGL\bM&ó�G�` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&óCGRM�Y U XHE�E�ó�GRM&û·û S ócJ

V EHGTJ S Ym¯?` S�U JL\bE V GaN�EZá^GdGL\bM&óA�¡` S�U ó�E7Y�J U M&ó[GRM�Y U XHE��T`fM�Y U JRM�Y�G V EHGÆó�M"ÿ S Ym¯&N�E6JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHG�l:��EHX7\IHhcY�\�° S Y�Jae�X S�V X7Y V E U YWó�EUk < ë 8B8&-/9 ? 0 k -/3r9�0&<Oì"3x+/9*8&+/<�3 ? 0 hQY5g�M&óBó�M�JRE UdS

P ¡ ¢�£5¤ l

P ¡ ¢,£&¤ =∑

j

i

N ji σj

i φjû�X�ó�` εi

�k�ml�¢�>4�

M&pσEHGLJ V_S GdEHX7JL\bM&ó�E�ãWX S XHE�N�E6á^GRGL\bM&ó5]

ii S \�J U I�i�I U E�ó�XHE S YBó�M"ÿ S YPXHM&ó�GL\bN�I U I�E7J

je V_S XHE V�V Y V E�l^D5E

i S X7JRE7Y U N�g�IHXRK�E V�V Eαnorm

]4hcY5g�M&ó�XdK�E U XRK�EZXHM&û·û�EÆó�M U û S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó�NmY@)�Ym¯We V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHEP°4M�Y V Y�E�]cEHGLJp]

E�ó ó�M�J S ócJεiV g�I�ó�E U ��\bE V \��nI U IHEj` S�U á^GRGR\bM&ó?` S�U�V Ecó�M"ÿ S Y

αnorm ≡P

Pmcnp=

P∑

i

j N ji σj

i φjû�X�ó�` εi

�k�ml�¢pí4�

¥ �-µ<h�H���H"²a¯�?�h-?Z�3H"C�Eoh� ·A_Eo��C³�Dh-?aAD�D� " "µ<h�fg?B¯DEohDh�²I?�ZM�Y�Go`nM�Y�°4M&ó�Go°4I U \�á^E U XHE7JLJRE�° S�V E7Y U E�ó&JRE�ó S ócJ V E UdS \bGRM&óWó�E�û�E�ócJp]�GR\�û,` V E�]�GLY�\�° S ócJ�óú +/<y3l<y9�8�*A87ì�i ' 0 ? 3 ë ì ë m&<o0 � k Â~Ã�¦ ¢���] e>YWó.\�ó�GLJ S ócJ(N�M&óWó�I�] V E�ó�M&û�� U EPN�EHG³ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�� V \�� U EHG��

E�¯m\bGLJ S óQJZN S ó�G V E�G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�EHGLJN�M&óWó�I�` S�UaV E6` U MONmY�\�JN�E V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE(��E�ó?á^GRGL\bM&ó�Ga` S�U GREHXHM&ó�N�E���E7J V Eó�M&û�� U E)û�M�ÿ4E�óPN�E)ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GZI�û,\bG` S�U á^GdGL\bM&ó5]

νl:��E7JLJRE�° S�V E7Y U ]fE�óBó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G` S�U GREHXHM&ó�N�E�]^N�M�\�JU�7J U E

XHM&û,` S JL\�� V E S °4EHX V_S ° S�V E7Y Uαnorm

X S�V X7Y V IHE6` U IHXHIHN�E�û·û�E�ócJpl

αnorm∼= ν

P

ε

�k�ml|���4��ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�GZ°4I U \�á^I�` S�U YWó�E S `�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó�ócYWû�I U \bhQY�E�Nm\ U EHX7JRE�]nE�ó[` U E�ó S ócJjYWó�E�° S�V E7Y U û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�E

εN�E V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE V \��nI U IHEZ` S�U á^GdGL\bM&óP�k�����/=PE�â�� E7J YWó�E° S�V E7Y U û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EνNmYPó�M&û�� U E6N�EÆó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G V \��nI U IHG

` S�U á^GRGR\bM&ó.�k�ml|ý4��]5hQY�E,GRY U YWóAE�¯mE�û,` V EWM&p V g�M&ó U I S�V \bGRE V_S XHM&ó�Nm\�JL\bM&ók Â~Ã�¦ ¢�]5M&ó U E7J U M�Y�°4EW��\bE�ó5]n` S�UV EHG�N�E7Ym¯^û�I7JLK�MON�EHGp]�N�E7Ym¯�° S�V E7Y U Ga`fM�Y U

αnormhcY�\�ó�E6Gpg�IHX S�U JRE�ócJhcY�E6N�E��;§(l�D�g�IHX S�U JaEHGRJTi S X7\ V E�û�E�ócJ

E�¯m` V \bhQY�IT` S�U�V_S ° S�V E7Y U�S ` U MOXRK�IHE�N�EνE7J V_S ° S�V E7Y U XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJREN�E

εN S ó�G�XHE7JLJRE S `�` V \bX S JL\bM&óiócYWû�I U \bhQY�E�l

¨)¢+�� ��?4��CF ·hD��¼o?Iµ<�-¸°¯D?B¯��� �fgCF²IH�� "µ�H��Eoh°?Zh°H"?Z��AD D S i S/© M&ó¤N�M&óQJ,M&ó»` U McXH¿HN�E S Y»X S�V X7Y V N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�E�ó U E�ó�M U û S�V \bG S óQJ V E�)�Ym¯A`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g \�ócJRI�â

� UdS JL\bM&óÖó�IHXHEHGRGL\�JRE�N�M&ó�X�N�g YWó�E�Nm\bGRX U I7JL\bG S JL\bM&ó¤JRE�û,`nM U E V�V E�NmYC` U M�� V ¿�û�E&e[J U M�\bGKó�\�°4E S Ym¯�]�`�Y�\bGdhQY�E?e%D>

V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U N�EZXRK S hcY�EZ` S GÆõ�ì ÿ�] V g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó?\�û,` V I�û�E�ócJRE6YWó�EGRJ U Y�X7JLY U EZá<ó�E ��XHEjGRM&ócJ V EHG 7 k -A8 î -/3 ë -&%45.I0B8�8 N�E V_S û�I7JLK�McN�E6Y�JL\ V \bGdIHE���l���ó U E7` U E�ó S ócJp]^M&ó S Y UdS N�M&ó�X�� V M�� S�V E�û�E�óQJ�ó

•ê/óW` U E�û,\bE U 7 (x? +/< k -YñD0@059[ì�0 'gk 8 hcY�\^ikE UdS6U I�ikI U E�ó�XHE S Ym¯W\�ó�GLJ S óQJRGTM&paô/ü�ý-þWE5��EHX7JLY�E V E�J UdS ó�Gwâ`nM U J�N�EHG·ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G���E�ó U IHI7° S�V Y S óQJ S \�ó�GL\ V EHG�° S�V E7Y U G�N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG³û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�E7JWNmY)�Ym¯Bû�M�ÿ4E�ó>N S ó�GjXRK S hcY�E XHE V�V Y V E���l�Ó)?4 ÀADµW ^ "Eoh�H���E��-C&h�� PA�µWCB¢Ã±��-H��¢+� "µ�H"?Z�-C?è3�D�1¯DEo��H^¢?4 �+h�H"?IC�ADCF²IH"?ICwfgE��ì��?�¯�?4 BH"?Z��AD B²cè3����¼Wµ<¢?4h�HaA�¢?4�+h�?�A���� " �µ<h-fg? Q ?�é�A é�A_X^¯D� CF²4µWf H"?4��CA_E��-CK¢µ AD�D� " "µ<h�fg?(è3�_±��+¢-µ<��C�µ�A�C�²Iµ<¢µW��¢?4��?Zh�H)¯D²;E�h��?^lcD�g�IHX S�U JTE�óWJRE�û,`�G�E�óQJ U EZN�E7Ym¯�` S Gô/ü�ý3þ?XHM&ó�GdIHX7Y�JL\�i�GEHGLJ1ó�M�JRI6\bX7\

∆tmcnpi = tmcnp

i+1 − tmcnpi

•' V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U N�E�XHE�` U E�û,\bE U N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4EW°O\bE�óQJ�Gpg \�û�� U \bhcY�E U YWó�EWN�E7Ym¯m\b¿�û�E�GLJ U Y�X7JLY U EWJRE�û,`fM�âU E V�V E·ó�IHXHEHGdG S \ U E�e V g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&óøóQYWû�I U \bhcY�E�l���E,N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�GRE UdS N�M&ó�X,XHM&ó�GLJL\�JLY�I�N�E�` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G` S GN�g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó�Ò�YWó��4E�â��jY�JLJ S ]�N�E$û���û�E V M&ó���Y�E7Y U ]�E�óQJ U E N�E7Ym¯?` S Gcô/ü�ý3þ?XHM&ó�GRIHX7Y�JL\�ikGpl���EHG` S G^õ�ì ÿ½GRM&ócJ S Y°ó�M&û�� U E�N�E

NRKE7J V E7Y U�V M&ó���Y�E7Y U EHGLJ�N�M&ó�X�] S Y�GRE7\�óÁN�g YWó

∆tmcnpi

I7� S�V Ee

δtRKi = tmcnp

i /NRKl)>Ʊ��-H��+¢+�� �µ�H"?4��C� �A_²IfI�FE�?� �Eo��HB¢µ�¼Wµ<¢�?Z�-C«¯D?

δtRK Õ  "E�� H�¢�µ°¼�µ<¢?Z�-C¯D?

NRKé

' XRK S hcY�E6` S G õ�ì�ÿ>M&ó U IHIHX U \�JaE7JoM&ó U IHGRM�Y�J V_S û S J U \bXHE6N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óPE�ó&XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS óQJ V_S ó�M�Y�°4E V�V EU E�ó�M U û S�V \bG S JL\bM&ó�NmY�)�Ym¯�ly�Zg�EHGLJ�e6XHE1ó�\�°4E S Y�hcY�E�]4XHM&û·û�EM&ó V Eo°4E ULUdS ` S�U�V_S GLY�\�JRE�]�\�ócJRE U °c\bE�ó�N UdSV_S û�I7JLK�MON�EoN�g�E�¯OJ UdS `nM V_S JL\bM&ó�N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG_û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG��N�I7J S \ V�V IoN S ó�G �ml�çml�çml|�4��hQY�\�E�¯m\bGLJREN S ó�G$ô ª-õ�önl

•D5E�J U M�\bGR\b¿�û�EWE7J�N�E U ó�\bE U ó�\�°4E S Y�N�E,Nm\bGRX U I7JL\bG S JL\bM&ó�E�óAJRE�û,`�G�EHGLJ�XRK�M�\bGR\ S Y�JRM&û S JL\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJp]�eV g \�ócJRI U \bE7Y U N�EXRK S hcY�Ea` S GÐõ�ÿ�]c` S�U�V g S�V �4M U \�JLKWû�EZN�E�` S G S N S `�J S JL\�iFN�E V_S û�I7JLK�McN�EN�g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&óÒaYWó��4E��jY�JLJ S hcY5g�M&ó�Y�JL\ V \bGRE�l ' XHEPó�\�°4E S Y»N�E(N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�E�ó�JRE�û,`�G�] V EHG GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG,E7JV E�)�Ym¯�û�M"ÿ4E�ó�G `nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E�XHE V�V Y V E�GdM&óQJ�� S�U N�IHG�XHM&ó�GLJ S ócJRGpl�Ó)?°h���¼o?4µ<� ?I "H�?Zh A�C�µ�H��¡è3�-?�+h�¼-� ���D¢?�¶�¢Ã±��-H��¢+� "µ�H"?Z�-Ccé

Tnéb÷�éb÷5é�T >1±�²g¼�Eo¢+�3H��E�h ?g¸�H"C�µWA_Eo¢²4? ¯D?I « "?IfgH���E�h- w?Dª�fgµWfI?I ì�ìE4®�?4hDh-?4 w?4h�H"C�?°¯D?4�-¸�ADµW w¯�?H"?4��AD 

D5M U G�N�E V g \�óQJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó¤NmYAG�ÿOGLJR¿�û�EWN�g�IHhQY S JL\bM&ó�G XHM�Y�` V IHEHG�hcY�\�Gpg�E5��EHX7JLY�EWE�ócJ U EWN�E7Ym¯�` S G·ô/ü�ý3þW]V EHG J S Ym¯�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó»` U \bG�E�ó»XHM&û,`�JRE(N S ó�G V EHG�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G N�E�� S JRE�û S ó¤GRM&óQJ�E�¯OJ UdS `nM V IHG�GRE V M&óCYWó�EU I7� U EHGRGL\bM&ó V \�ó�I S \ U E(i S \�JRE�GLY U YWóøó�M&û�� U E

NN�E(° S�V E7Y U G,NmY»J S Ym¯»N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG�` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ

V M U G�N�EHG�` S G�` U IHXHIHN�E�óQJRG�l�D5E³ó�M&û�� U ENN�E,` S G�` U \bG�E�óCXHM&û,`�JREWN S ó�G�XHE7JLJRE�E�¯OJ UdS `nM V_S JL\bM&ó V \�ó�I S \ U E

%Qí

EHGLJN�Er%W` S�U N�I�i S Y�Jp]fXHE7JLJRE�° S�V E7Y U `nE7Y�JQ�7J U E�XRK�M�\bGL\bE�` S�UZV g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l�ÒE�û S�U hQY�M&ó�GZhcY�E�`nM�Y U�V EHGN` U E�û,\bE U G�` S G�XHEHG GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GTE�ãWX S XHEHGTGRM&ócJ ��\bE�ó�E�óQJRE�ó�NmY�� S�U N�IHEHGTXHM&ó�GLJ S óQJREHGT`nE�ó�N S óQJ�JRM�Y�J V g \�óQJRE U ° S�V�V E

N�g \�ócJRI7� UdS JL\bM&ó[E7JoI7� S�V EHG�e V_S N�E U ó�\b¿ U Ej° S�V E7Y U X S�V X7Y V IHEj` S�U ô ü�ý3þfl���EZJ UdS \�JRE�û�E�óQJZXHM&ó�XHE U ó�EjJRM�Y�JREHG V EHGGREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG,N�E�JRM�Y�G V EHGkó�M"ÿ S Ym¯CN S ó�G JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHGpl�µOM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�G,hcY�E V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U `nE7Y�JS Y�GRGR\5XRK�M�\bGL\ U N�E ó�E�` S G�E5�nEHX7JLY�E U XHE6J UdS \�JRE�û�E�óQJZE�ó V E6GL`nIHX7\�á S óQJaN S ó�G V EZá^XRK�\bE U N�g�E�ócJ U IHE·ô/ª3õ�ö>l

Evolution du calcul et de l’intégration en temps

Tau

x d

e ré

acti

on

Valeur de σ calculée par MCNP

Extrapolation de σ baséé sur

4 valeurs MCNP précedentes

Valeur de σ utilisée

dans l’integration Pas MCNP (t)

Pas MCNP(t+1)

∆t MCNP

∆t R.K.

è@é�êÄì��ml %�í^# 058�ì,-/<&= 7 0�3 ( - ? ì ë +/9o8 ? +/9o8 ë 7 ( 3 ( 0B8 7 -/9o8�.�, (6? 3 ë ì"<�3x0 7 0�.1- ' -�ì"3 ë�? 0 7 , (:î +/.«<Oì ë +/9*8&+/9�ì¬0!=�ì"3x-&%k +�. ( 8Q8B<�3­.!, ë 9�ì�053 î -/.F.I0 7 , ë 9^ì ( ñ/3x-�ì ë +/9Pù ÷ 07ìkì�0r0!=�ì"3x- k +�.�-�ì ë +/9$0B8�ì�<�9�0�3 ( ñ�3x0B8B8 ë +/9*. ë 9 ( - ë 360r4x-A8 ( 0r8B<�3Q.I0B8 N7 0&3B9 ë i5360B8 î -/.I05<�3N8 7 <[ì,-/< = ? -/. ? <y. ( 0B8 k -/3 ô/ü�ý3þ .1+/3N8 7 058 N

7 k -A8 ô/ü�ý-þ 8 k 3 (6?�( 7 059�ì�8dù

D S á���Y U E��ml %�\ V�V Y�GLJ U E�GdXRK�I�û S JL\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJ V g�E�¯OJ UdS `nM V_S JL\bM&ó[N�EHGoJ S Ym¯&N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�` U \bGdE6E�ó[XHM&û,`�JREV M U GjN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�` S�U ô/ª3õ�ö�]nE7Jj\ V�V Y�GLJ U E�hQY5g YWó�E JRE V�V E N�I�û S�U XRK�E,`nE U û�E7J6N�g S�V�V M&ó��4E U6V EHGZ\�óQJRE U ° S�V�V EHGE�ócJ U EZXdK S hQY�E6X S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þn]mM&p V g�M&ó U EHX S�V X7Y V E V EHGTJ S Ym¯(N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó5]�E7JTN�E U IHNmY�\ U E6E�ó?XHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHE V EJRE�û,`�G�N�E�X S�V X7Y V l

;�yz�y�½ <Æ�»=@�g�������&�&�@�a��� ¿<�g}��g�2¼c�aÄ�¿W|-�-�Ã���g����~' Y^ó�\�°4E S Y[NmY&N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�E�ó?JRE�û,`�GÆû�X�ó�`5] V Ej` U McXHEHGdGLY�G�hcY5g�M&ó?\�JR¿ U E6`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�E�` S GoN�E6JRE�û,`�G

ti`nE7Y�J�N�M&ó�X�GRE U IHGRYWû�E U E�ó&J U M�\bG�I7J S `nEHGp]�hcY�E V_S á���Y U E��ml|ý�\ V�V Y�GLJ U EWó¢�la��¯mIHX7Y�JL\bM&ó�N�EKô/ü�ý-þ&e

til

�mlaD5EHX7JLY U E N�EHG�° S�V E7Y U G�û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG�` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ�N�EσE7J�N�E

φE7J U IHGRM V Y�JL\bM&ó�N�EHG�IHhcY S JL\bM&ó�G�N�E

� S JRE�û S ó�E�ó&` U E�ó S óQJZE�ó&XHM&û,`�JRE�M�Y ó�M&ó&YWó�E�E�¯mJ UdS `nM V_S JL\bM&ó[N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GE�ãWX S XHEHGÆû�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�lçml vjI�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�NmY$ó�M�Y�°4E S Y6á^XdK�\bE U N�g�E�ócJ U IHE1ô/ü�ý3þ S °4EHX V EHG�ó�M�Y�°4E V�V EHG�XHM&û,`fM�GL\�JL\bM&ó�G�]�e

ti+1 = ti + ∆tmcnp

N�EHG1û S JRI U \ S Ym¯&hQY�\FI7°4M V Y�E�ócJE7J�I7°4E�ócJLY�E V�V E�û�E�óQJ6N�EHG1û�MONm\�á^X S JL\bM&ó�GN�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�lý��

MUREDéfinition du Système :

Géométrie

Matériaux

Source

Définition des "pas MCNP" :

{ ti } = { t0 , t1 , t2 .... tN }

Construction de l'arbre des noyaux

MCNP

Intégration R.K

Ecriture des equations de Bateman

Composition du Combustible (ti)

Composition du Combustible ( ti+1 = ti + ∆t )

Résultats du calcul MCNP :

<σ> <φ>

dN(t)/dt = A(t) x N(t)

Contrôle de l'évolution :

Contrôle de CbStabilisation du keff

Renormalisation à P = cte.

Itér

atio

ns jusqu'à

t =

t N

Ecriture des résultats de l'évolution : Ni, σi , φ par cellule dans un fichier binaire

lisible par MureGui

è@éëê@ì��ml|ý?í^ú 3 ë 9 ?7ë®k 0 ë ì ( 3x-�ì ë ò 7 < ? -/. ? <�. 7 , (�î +�.q<mì ë +�9 7 -/9o8 ô/ª3õ�ö ù

� Å,¯ × �, ���ÛÆË�Ì�ÙoÎRÛ É ����ÌkÉ Í�° Í�Ù:± � ÊF��ÎwÙoÎ6² Ì � ��Ù ËR�³ Ø Î�ÉaÙ�ÎR��É �kÌ ´ Ø Ê5Ù���Ì�����µ ÌkËwÙoÎ6¶kË�Î�Ê Ø Ù�ÎRÛÆÉ

ê/ó�E�ikM�\bG V E�X S�V X7Y V N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó»NmY�G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E,\�û,` V I�û�E�ócJRI�]�ó�M�Y�G)ó�M�Y�G�GdM&û·û�EHG�\�óQJRI U EHGdGRIHG e V_S` U M�� V I�û S JL\bhQY�EjNmYPû S \�óQJL\bE�ó?N�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY�i S X7JRE7Y U N�EÆû�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó�JRM�Y�J S Y V M&ó���N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó

ým¢

GL\�û�Y V IHE�l���óÁE5�nE7Jp]�`nM�Y U hcY5g YWó�E&GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&óÁN�g YWóÁG�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E^ócY�X V I S \ U E�G�g S `�` U McXdK�E V E?` V Y�G�N�g YWó.X S G`�K4ÿOGL\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJ U I S�V \bGLJRE�]�E V�V E�N�M�\�J��7J U E[E5��EHX7JLY�IHE±e�`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHEPXHM&ó�GLJ S ócJRE�] V E�G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�û S \�ócJRE�óQY E�ó`nE U û S ó�E�ó�XHE6X U \�JL\bhQY�E��

k Â~Ã�¦ ¢���lo�ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�G�N�M&ó�X6I V_S �nM U IjYWó�E û�I7JLK�McN�M V M���\bE�hQY�\�`nE U û�E7Jp]m`fE�ó�N S ócJV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]nN�g�EHGLJL\�û�E UZV_S ° S�V E7Y U hcY5g S Y UdS \�J V E6i S X7JRE7Y U N�E)û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó

k�k Â~Ã M�Y k∞

GRE V M&ó V E�X S G��-/< k 3z+ ? ð�- ë 9 ? -�. ? <�. ô/ü�ý-þn]�E7J�hQY�\�ó�M�Y�G�`nE U û�E7J S \�ó�GL\�N�g \�óQJRE U °4E�ó�\ U ] V M U G�NmY,X S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó S ° S ócJ V E` U MOXRK S \�ó?X S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þ�] S á<ó?N�E 7 ? +/3B3 ë ñD053r.I06ì ë 3�8 E7JoN�E U I7J S � V \ U k

e V_S ° S�V E7Y U GRM�Y�K S \�JRIHE6E�óPû�MONm\�á S óQJYWó?` S�UdS û�¿7J U E�N�E�XHM&óQJ U � V E S N S `�JRI�l

Ó ��Eo��¸Ö¯D� A�µWC�µ<�>ÖIH"CF?�¯�?afgEoh�H"CA·o¢?�Y�E V ` S�UdS û�¿7J U E�] S Y�hcY�E V

kEHGRJTGdE�ó�GL\�� V E�]O`fE7Y�J�M&ó?XRK�M�\bGR\ U XHM&û·û�Ej° S�U \ S � V EjN�E 7 ? +/9^ì"3x¸/.10 8 `fE�ó�N S ócJ

V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�´�M�Y U ó�M�J U E GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&ó�N�E�Òa��´�] V E�XRK�M�\�¯�N�E�XHE�` S�UdS û�¿7J U E�° S�U \ S � V E�GLY UFV EHhQY�E V M&ó�`fM�Y�° S \�J\�ócJRE U °4E�ó�\ U Gpg�EHGLJo`nM U JRI ó S JLY U E V�V E�û�E�óQJjGLY U�V_S XHM&ó�XHE�ócJ UdS JL\bM&óPN�E��fM U E6GRM V Y�� V E�N S ó�G V Ecû�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U l�¹�_ó�E5�nE7Jp]�N S ó�G�YWó U I S X7JRE7Y U ejE S Y V I7�4¿ U E�] V_S X U \�JL\bX7\�JRI�\�ó�\�JL\ S�V EoN�E7° UdS \�J�XdKQY�JRE U `nE�ó�N S óQJ V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó

XHM&û·û�EoXHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHEoN�E V_S XHM&ó�GRM&û·û S JL\bM&óWN�E V_S û S JL\b¿ U E�á^GRGR\ V E�E7J�N�E V g S XHX7YWû�Y V_S JL\bM&ó(N�EHG�` U MONmY�\�JRG�N�Eá^GRGR\bM&ó¤� S ��GdM U � S óQJRG$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�EHG���l3Y S Y�JRE�N�E�`fM�Y�°4M�\ U GdM�Y�GLJ UdS \ U E,XHEHG6` U MONmY�\�JRG6N�E á^GRGL\bM&ó.� V EHGRhcY�E V Gp]N S ó�GaYWó U I S X7JRE7Y U e,XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E GdM V \bN�E�] U EHGLJRE�ócJ` U IHGRE�ócJRGZ`fE�ó�N S ócJJRM�Y�JRE V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó���]nM�Y�N�E6i S \ U EN�EHG U EHXRK S�U �4E�û�E�ócJRG�N�E�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E ó�E7YmiZE�ó¤XHM&ócJL\�óQY5]�N S ó�G V_S ` UdS JL\bhcY�E�JRM�Y�J U I S X7JRE7Y U N�E?XHE�JÃÿc`nEN�I�û S�ULU E�N�M&ó�X S °4EHXWYWó 7 3 ( 8�053 î + ë 3�8 7 , -/9^ì ë 3 ( - ? ì ëëî�ë ì (�hcY�\�ikM�Y U ó�\�J S \�ó�GL\�YWóA` S�UdS û�¿7J U EWGRY U�V EHhQY�E V V EHGM�`nI UdS JRE7Y U G�NmY U I S X7JRE7Y U `fE7Y�°4E�ócJ�\�óQJRE U °4E�ó�\ U lD S û�I7JLK�McN�EaN�E�GLJ S ��\ V \bG S JL\bM&óWNmY�i S X7JRE7Y U

khcY�E1ó�M�Y�G S °4M&ó�G IHX U \�JRE�EHGRJ�XHE7`fE�ó�N S ócJ�` V Y�G��4I�ó�I UdS�V EE7J

`nE7Y�JQ�7J U E S N S `�JRIHE,eWN�g S Y�J U EHGZJ�ÿO`nEHGZN�g \�ócJRE U °4E�óQJL\bM&ó�G�E7J6e�N�g S Y�J U EHGJÃÿc`nEHGjN�E U I S X7JRE7Y U �ó�M�J S û·û�E�óQJp]N S ó�G V EaX S GTN�EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U GTe�GRE V G�i�M&ó�NmY�Gp]me V_S ° S�U \ S JL\bM&ó?N�E V g S�V \�û�E�óQJ S JL\bM&ó 059º. ë ñ/9�0 N�E/û S JL\b¿ U E�ikE U JL\ V EM�Y�á^GRGR\ V E�]�XHM&û·û�E�XHE V_S,S I7JRIZi S \�J�` U IHXHIHN�E�û·û�E�óQJZ` S�U �|���»�¡��l

' á<ó�N�E�G S °4M�\ U N S ó�G�hcY�E V�V Eo` U M�`nM U JL\bM&ó�\�óQJRE U °4E�ó�\ U GLY U�V E1ó�M�ÿ S Y 7 ? +/9^ì"3x¸/.I0&8 XRK�M�\bGR\���E�ó V g�MOXHX7Y ULU E�ó�XHEV Ej�nM U E6NmY û�McN�I UdS JRE7Y U �T`fM�Y UaS °4M�\ U�V g�E5�nE7J�GdM�Y�K S \�JRI�GLY UoV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó[NmY�i S X7JRE7Y U

k]m\ V i S Y�J�XHM&ó�GRJ U Y�\ U E

YWó&EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y Uk̃S N S `�JRI�E7JahcY�\5E�¯O` V \bX7\�JREcó�M�J S û·û�E�ócJ V_S XHM&ócJ U \���Y�JL\bM&óPN�E�XHE ó�M"ÿ S Y5l

¼ ~@��}��_�&�I�ø��Ð�=��g���&�&���-~ �@�k

�ZM�Y�G S °c\bM&ó�GjN�I�á<ó�\�` U IHXHIHN�E�û·û�E�óQJ V E�i S X7JRE7Y U N�E$û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó>NmYPG!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�XHM&û·û�E V E$ó�M&û�� U EN�E á^GRGL\bM&ó�G 059�ñD059 7 3 ( 0B8 ` S�U á^GdGL\bM&ó&��E�ó,�ml�¢�l�¢���lD��E7JLJREoN�EHGdX U \�`�JL\bM&ó·ó5g�E�¯O` V \bX7\�JRET` S G V EHG�XHM&óQJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó�G N�EHG` U \�ó�X7\�` S�V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�N�g S ��GdM U `�JL\bM&ó5]FX S `�JLY U E UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4EWM�YÁ�ó5] ¯�ó���]FhcY�\�\�óQJRE U °O\bE�óWó�E�óQJ,N S ó�G V E,��\ V_S óó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E�NmY»G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�l ' á<óCN�E U E7� S�U N�E U N�E(` V Y�G�` U ¿HG�XHEHG�XHM&óQJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó�G³ó�M�Y�G�I7J S � V \bGRGRM&ó�G YWó�EE�¯m` U EHGRGL\bM&ó&IHhcY�\�° S�V E�ócJRE�NmY�i S X7JRE7Y U

kl

© �I������ÿ �w{�û������w{�� �¡�2v���ÿI�F����þ8ûd�k�����������w���¡�k�,½�ÿ\��z �¡���y�2{pz � �¡�3����v��D��� ��z �B¾� ���2z|���F�D�����2��û��Ã�2z~{pze�2��·��ÿ|vF���w��v�������� �r¸F��ÿ�ÿ ���ý��

�Y�\TNm\�J)ó�M&û�� U E?N�E,á^GRGL\bM&ó�G�E�ó��4E�ó�N U IHEHG�Nm\�Jkó�M&û�� U E�N�E�á^GdGL\bM&ó�G ö*.1-¢ñ ( 9 ( 3z-4ì ë +/9�8B< ëëî -�9^ì�0 l�/ó`fE7Y�JN�M&ó�X6`fM�GdE U ]�E�ó�ó�M�J S óQJ

Nf (j)V E$ó�M&û�� U E�N�EZá^GdGL\bM&ó�Gae V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó

k =Nf (j)

Nf (j − 1)

�k�ml|�m¢��u�g S Y�J U E�` S�U Jp]-ó�M�Y�G�`fM�Y�°4M&ó�G�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRE U hcY�EWXHE UdS `�`fM U J�IHhQY�\�° S Y�J S Y UdS `�`nM U J N�EHG�`fM�`�Y V_S JL\bM&ó�G

ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�EHGoN�g YWó�Ea�4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó?N�M&óWó�IHEGLY U V_S `nM�`�Y V_S JL\bM&ó?N�E V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�` U IHXHIHN�E�ócJRE�]c`�Y�\bGdhQY�E�]OE�óû�Y V JL\�` V \ S ócJ V EÆóQYWû�I UdS JRE7Y U E7J V E�N�I�ó�M&û,\�ó S JRE7Y U ` S�U

ν] V E1ó�M&û�� U EaN�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�I�û,\bG�` S�U á^GRGL\bM&ó5] ó�M�Y�G

`fM�Y�°4M&ó�GI7J S � V \ U hcY�E�ó

k =Nf (j) × ν

Nf (j − 1) × ν=

Nfiss(j + 1)

Nfiss(j)

�k�ml|���4�

M&pNfiss(i)

EHGLJ V Ecó�M&û�� U E�JRM�J S�V N�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GI�û,\bG�` S�U á^GRGL\bM&ó[` U IHGRE�óQJRGZe V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&óil

µc\�M&óPXHM&ó�GR\bN�¿ U E�hcY�E�JRM�Y�G V EHG/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G6XHM&óWó S \bGRGRE�ócJZYWó±GRM U JjhQY�\�EHGLJjGRM�\�J V_S i¡Y�\�JRE�]fGRM�\�J V_S á^GdGL\bM&óGRM�\�J V g S ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó>��GRM�Y�G V_S i�M U û�E

(n, γ)](n, α)

](n, xn)

l�l�l~� M&ó�`fE7Y�JTIHX U \ U E�]O`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�EZ�4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó>ó

k =

X U I S JL\bM&ó�G` S�U á^GRGL\bM&óS ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó�G q i�Y�\�JREHG �k�ml|�nç4�

D�g�IHX U \�JLY U E6NmY?N�I�ó�M&û,\�ó S JRE7Y U J UdS NmY�\�JTJRM�Y�JoGL\�û,` V E�û�E�ócJ V E�i S \�JohQY5g YWó^ó�E7Y�J U M&ó^ó5g�EHGLJT` U IHGRE�ócJ�N S ó�GV_S `nM�`�Y V_S JL\bM&óPó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E���E7J_ó�EaN�M�\�J¬�7J U EaXHM&û,`�JRIZN S ó�G V E���\ V_S ó���hQY�EaGpg \ V \�ócJRE UdS ��\�J `nE�ó�N S óQJTG S °O\bE�l�/ó>`nE7Y�J S�V M U G�IHX U \ U E�]�`nM�Y U YWó�E,�4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�N�M&óWó�IHE�] V E�i S X7JRE7Y U N�EKû�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó

kGdM�Y�G V_S ikM U û�E

N�g YWó 36059 7 0 ' 0&9^ì NmY�ó�M&û�� U E³ó�E7J�N�Eió�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�k 3x+ 7 < ë ì�8 ` S�U ó�M&û�� U E³ó�E7J�N�Eió�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�? +�9o8&+ 'K'³( 8 l� V i S Y�JJRM�Y�JRE�ikM�\bGjXHM&ó�GL\bN�I U E U hQY�E V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G��ó5] ¯�ó��XHM&ó�NmY�\bGRE�óQJ�e V_S ` U MONmY�X7JL\bM&ó�N�E)ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�lf�_óN�I�á<ó�\bGRG S ócJ

γrXHM&û·û�E V E)ó�M&û�� U Ekó�E7JjN�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G S ��GRM U �nIHGje V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U N�g YWó�E��4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó V M U GjN�E

V g \�óQJRE UdS X7JL\bM&óró

γr = 1 − νr�k�ml|�A%c�

M&pνrEHGLJ V Ecó�M&û�� U E�N�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G V \�� U EHG S ` U ¿HG V g \�ócJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�ó

ν(n,n′) = 1]

ν(n,xn) = x.D�g�I7°4¿�ó�E�û�E�ócJ�N�Eá^GRGL\bM&ó�N�I V \�û,\�JREZN�E7Ym¯��4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó�G�GLY�XHXHEHGRGL\�°4EHGTN�E/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GoE7J�ó�EZ�4I�ó�¿ U EZ` S GTN�Eó�E7Y�J U M&ó 7 -/9�8U.1-Bñ ( 9 ( 3x-�ì ë +�9n+/¿ ? 07ìkì�0�À 8N8 ë +/9º8B<�3 îpë 059^ì ó γfiss

° S Y�JTN�M&ó�X,¢�lmD5EHGT\�ócJRE UdS X7JL\bM&ó�GaN�EjJÃÿc`nE(n, xn)

]�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IHEHG�XHM&û·û�Ej\�óQJRE U ó�EHGZe V_S �4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&ó5]�M&óQJo` S�U XHM&ócJ U E6YWó�i S X7JRE7Y Uγ

ó�I7� S JL\�i�X S�UTV E7Y U��\ V_S óaó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E�EHGRJa` U MONmY�X7JRE7Y U N�E$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�l�D5E���\ V_S ó�N�EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�GN�E�Nm\��fY�GL\bM&ó

(n, n′)EHGLJÆóQY V

E7JÆó5g \�óQJRE U °O\bE�óQJjN�M&ó�X6` S Gplµc\

τ ri

N�IHGL\�� ó�E V E6J S Ym¯?N�E U I S X7JL\bM&órGLY UoV E ó�M�ÿ S Y

i]�M&ó?`nE7Y�JaIHX U \ U E�]�`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E��4I�ó�I UdS JL\bM&óCó

k =

i νiNiσifissφ

i Niγrσirφ + P

�k�ml|��ý4�

ýnç

�/ó±°4M�\�J6hcY�E V_S ikM U û�Y V E��ml|��ý�E�¯m` V \bX7\�JRE V_S XHM&ócJ U \���Y�JL\bM&óAN�EHGjJ S Ym¯PN�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó>N S ó�G V g�E�¯O` U EHGdGL\bM&óN�E

kl|�M�Y�G(N�IHX U \�°4M&ó�GÀû S \�óQJRE�ó S ócJ&XHM&û·û�E�óQJ?M&óÁGRE�GRE U J�N�E�XHE7JLJRE�E�¯m` U EHGRGL\bM&óÁ`fM�Y U XHM&ó�GLJ U Y�\ U EPE7J

E�¯mJ UdS `fM V E U YWó,EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y U NmY i S X7JRE7Y U N�E�û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&óWNmY,G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E S Y�JRE�û,`�Gt+∆t

]�E�óKó�M�Y�G�� S G S óQJGLY UjV EHG6° S�V E7Y U G�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG S Y>JRE�û,`�G

tlK��E7JLJREWEHGLJL\�û S JL\bM&óANmY±i S X7JRE7Y U

k ö î 059 ë 3 ° S ó�M�Y�G6`nE U û�E7JLJ U E�]- î -/9^ì 7 [email protected]/9 ? 0&3�.10 k 3x+ ? ð�- ë 9 ? -/. ? <�. ô/ü�ý3þn]�N�g S ��\ U GRY U6V E,J S Ym¯±XdK�M�\bGL\�XHM&û·û�E,` S�UdS û�¿7J U E(e�XHM ULU \��4E U`nM�Y U GLJ S ��\ V \bGRE U XHEZi S X7JRE7Y U l

< } ���-~���� �I���Z�g���-~���Ä ��~ ���F�g��� }��&�o�_�a�@�k À k̃

�ZM�J U E S�V �4M U \�JLKWû�E,N�E�XHM&ócJ U � V E N�E V_S ` U M�`fM U JL\bM&ó�N�E��fM U E EHGLJZYWó�E)û�I7JLK�MON�E�NmY�JÃÿc`nErk 3 ( 7 ë"? ì�05<y3�%? +�3B360 ? ì�05<�3 l D5E&` S�UdS û�¿7J U E�eP` U IHNm\ U E&EHGLJ V E(i S X7JRE7Y U N�E^û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó�NmY.G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�l�DFE�` S�UdS û�¿7J U EXHM ULU EHX7JRE7Y U EHGRJ V_S ` U M�`fM U JL\bM&óPN�Ej�fM U E6GdM V Y�� V E�N S ó�G V g�E S Y[NmY û�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U ]^GRY UoV_S hQY�E V�V E�M&ó S ��\�JplDFEHG�` U \�ó�X7\�` S�V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G�hcY�\O\�óQJRE U °O\bE�óWó�E�óQJ�N S ó�G�XHE���\ V_S ó,GRM&ócJ V EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó�G��ó5]

γ��]��ó5]

α��]��ó5]|��ó���]

�ó5]�ç�ó��TE7Jo��\bE�ó�G!´ U ]�N�Ejá^GRGL\bM&ó5lo�ZM�J U E�EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y Uk̃Gpg�IHX U \�J�N�M&ó�X�ó

k̃ =

c

i νN icσ

fissi φc

c

i N icφc(σ

ifiss + σi

abs − σi(n,2n) − 2 × σi

(n,3n)) + N borec σbore

abs φc + P

�k�ml|��(4�M&p

σabsEHGRJ V_S GdM&û·û�EN�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�GTE�ãWX S XHEHGTN�g S ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó?XHM&ó�GRM&û·û S J U \bXHEHGTN�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G6�ãá^GRGL\bM&óPó�M&ó

\�ó�X V Y�GRE���l�D�g \�ó�Nm\bXHEci S \�J U I�i�I U E�ó�XHE�e V_S XHE V�V Y V EWNmYC` U M�� V ¿�û�E�E7J

iS Y�ó�M"ÿ S Y»N�E V_S XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&ó»NmY

û S JRI U \ S YPN S ó�G V_S XHE V�V Y V E U EHGL`nEHX7JL\�°4E�l��/ó�`fE7Y�JaIHX U \ U Eτ] V E�J S Ym¯?JRM�J S�V N�E V_S,U I S X7JL\bM&ó

rN S ó�GaJRM�Y�J V E

G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�e V g \�ó�GLJ S ócJt]^XHM&û·û�E�ó

τr(t) =∑

c

i

(N icσ

irφc)(t)

�k�ml|�4ü��

ujE6XHE7JLJREji S/© M&ó[M&ó ó�M�JRE UdS ó• τfiss

V E�J S Ym¯(JRM�J S�V N�E6á^GRGL\bM&ó• τν.fiss

V EjJ S Ym¯�JRM�J S�V N�Ejá^GdGL\bM&ó?`fM&ó�N�I U I�` S�UoV_S ° S�V E7Y U N�EνXHM ULU EHGR`fM&ó�N S ócJRE�e,XdK S hQY�Ejá^GdGL\bM&ó5l

• τabsV EjJ S Ym¯&N�g S ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó�K�M U û,\bGaN S ó�G V Ej�nM U E�NmY û�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U

• τ boreabs

V EjJ S Ym¯?N�g S ��GdM U `�JL\bM&ó�N S ó�G V Ej�nM U E• τ(n,2n)

V E�J S Ym¯(JRM�J S�V N�E��ó5]|��ó��• τ(n,3n)

V E�J S Ym¯(JRM�J S�V N�E��ó5]�ç�ó���lD�g�EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y U

k̃N�E7°O\bE�óQJ�ó

k̃ =τν.fiss

τfiss + τabs − τ(n,2n) − 2 × τ(n,3n) + τ boreabs + P

�k�ml|��>4�

ýA%

�ZM�JRM&ó�G�hcY5g S °4EHX�XHE7JLJRE û�I7JLK�MON�E6\ V i S Y�N UdS I7° S�V Y�E U�V EHG�J S Ym¯�N�E6X S `�JLY U E�N S ó�G�JRM�Y�G V EHG1û S JRI U \ S Ym¯�]û���û�E XHE7Ym¯�N�M&ócJ�M&ó ó�E�X S�V X7Y V E ` S G V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó&��N S ó�G-ó�M�J U E X S G5\ V Gpg S ��\�J�N�EHG�GLJ U Y�X7JLY U EHGp]�N�EHG5� S \�ó�EHGp]�N�EV g�E S Y��fM U IHE�� S \�ó�GL\�hcY�E V EHG�`nE U JREHG N�E/ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�` S�U i�Y�\�JRE�lo��EHX7\�\�û,` V \bhcY�E UdS YWó�Ea` V Y�G � UdS ó�N�EjN�E�û S ó�N�EE�ó U IHGLY V J S JRGZe�X S�V X7Y V E U ` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ?E7JaN�M&ó�XjYWó�E$ó�E7JLJRE S Y�� û�E�óQJ S JL\bM&ó±E�ó&JRE�û,`�G�N�E�X S�V X7Y V l

O ¸�H"C�µWA_E�¢�µ�H��E�h ¢+�+h-²4µ<�CF?a¯�?�¢�±�?4 ¡H��+��µ�H"?4��Ck̃

´�M�Y U M���JRE�ó�\ UZV_S ° S�V E7Y U hcY5g S Y UdS ó�M�J U E�EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y U6S Y[` U MOXRK S \�ó�X S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þ�E5��EHX7JLY�I S Y[JRE�û,`�Gt + ∆t

]�ó�M�Y�G�E5��EHX7JLY�M&ó�G6YWó�E,E�¯mJ UdS `fM V_S JL\bM&ó V \�ó�I S \ U E,N�EHG�Nm\��nI U E�ócJRG6J S Ym¯τihcY�\�\�óQJRE U °O\bE�óWó�E�óQJ N S ó�G

V g�E�¯O` U EHGdGL\bM&ó(N�Ek̃e6` S�U JL\ U N�EHG�° S�V E7Y U G N�EXHEHG�J S Ym¯ V M U G�N�EHG ` U IHXHIHN�E�óQJRGTX S�V X7Y V G/ô ü�ý3þTìmD5EÆó�M&û�� U EjN�E

` S G ô/ü�ý3þ�` U IHXHIHN�E�ócJRGZe ` U E�ó�N U E�E�ó�XHM&û,`�JRE�N S ó�G V_S U I7� U EHGRGL\bM&ó V \�ó�I S \ U E�EHGLJ�N�I�á<ó�\5` S�UoV g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U l�M�Y�G S °4M&ó�GZXRK�M�\bGL\FN�g�E�ó[` U E�ó�N U E�E�ó[XHM&û,`�JRE6J U M�\bGpl

�ZM�Y�G�GLY�`�`fM�GdM&ó�G?hQY�E V EHG�J S Ym¯�N�E U I S X7JL\bM&ó N�E±JÃÿc`nE¤�ó5] ¯Zó���I7°4M V Y�E�ócJ&`fE7Y5]oXHE±hcY�\6EHGLJ�°4I U \�á^I- k +/8�ì�053 ë +�3 ë�]�XHM&û·û�E V g \ V�V Y�GLJ U E V_S á���Y U E&�ml®(ml��M&û·û�E�`nM�Y U�V EHG�`nE U JREHG,N�EÀó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G,` S�U i¡Y�\�JRE���hcY�\N�I7`fE�ó�N�E�ócJ6EHGRGRE�óQJL\bE V�V E�û�E�ócJZN�E V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�]�\�ó�XRK S ó��4IHE���] V EHG�° S�V E7Y U GaN�E�XHEHG�J S Ym¯[N S ó�G V g�E�¯O` U EHGRGR\bM&óN�E ó�M�J U EEHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y U

k̃e

t = t+∆tGRM&óQJTXHM&ó�GRE U °4IHEHGTXHM&ó�GLJ S óQJREHGTE7J�I7� S�V EHG�e V E7Y U ° S�V E7Y U EHGLJL\�û�IHEa` S�U

V E�X S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þ&etl

è@éëê@ìc�ml®(*í^(:î +/.«<Oì ë +/9 7 0B8 î -/.I05<�3N8 ' +&*D059�9�0B8 7 0B8d8C0 ? ì ë +�9o8Q0¡  ? - ? 058 7 0g3 ( - ? ì ë +/9o8�u,9<9�ø;9 w k +/<�3Qm&<�05.1m&<�0B8ë 8C+�ì,+ k 058 7 < k .«<Oì,+�9 ë < 'Ák +/<y3�<y9 ? -A8 7 0�3 (�ò"( 3x0&9 ? 0Yù

µc\�M&ówó�M�JREτi(t + ∆t)

JRM�Y�JREHG V EHGj° S�V E7Y U G�E�¯OJ UdS `nM V IHEHG�N�EHG�Nm\���I U E�óQJRG�J S Ym¯τi(t)

] V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�Ek̃XRK�E U XdK�IHE e V g \�ó�GLJ S ócJ

t + ∆tEHGRJ�N�M&ó�X�ó

k̃(t + ∆t) =τν.fiss(t + ∆t)

τfiss(t + ∆t) + τabs(t + ∆t) − τ(n,2n) − 2 × τ(n,3n) + τ boreabs (t + ∆t) + P

�k�ml|��í4�

ý�ý

@ }��Ã~-�g����~R�@� ¼ }��Z�&�o�_�kåÔ��~_� |�}������@� �@�-~@~@¿<�

k0�·��� ���-~��&�DÂ-�����@� �1�3�I� ���-�Ã�_�����

�@}�~��B���ø� ���_¿<�I}o� ���@�µcY�`�`nM�GRM&ó�GjhcY5g�M&ó�°4E7Y�\ V�V E�� S�U N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó±NmYPi S X7JRE7Y U

k�k∞

M�Yk Â~à GdE V M&ó V E X S G��aXHM&ó�GLJ S óQJ6E7JI7� S�V e�YWó�E�° S�V E7Y U

k0N�M&óWó�IHE(�¡` S�U E�¯mE�û,` V E�] V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY[i S X7JRE7Y U

kS Y�N�I7��Y�JZN�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó���l �/ó

ó�M�JRE S�V M U Gτ boreabs (t + ∆t)k0

V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�Eτ boreabs

hcY�\�I7� S�V \bGRE·ó�M�J U E�EHGRJL\�û S JRE7Y Uk̃�t + ∆t

�je V_S ° S�V E7Y UGRM�Y�K S \�JRIHE

k0ó

τ boreabs (t+∆t)k0 =

τν.fiss(t + ∆t)

k0− ( τabs(t + ∆t)+τfiss(t + ∆t)−τ(n,2n)−2×τ(n,3n)+P )

�k�ml�ç��4�D S ` U M�`nM U JL\bM&ó&N�EZ�fM U EjhcY5g�M&ó?XRK�E U XRK�E�e�I7J S � V \ UaS Y�` S G

t + ∆tEHGLJoN�M&óWó�IHEj` S�U

Nbore] V E ó�M&û�� U E

N�g S JRM&û�EHGN�Ej�fM U E6` U IHGdE�óQJRGaN S ó�G V Ecû�McN�I UdS JRE7Y U ó

Nbore(t + ∆t) =τ boreabs (t + ∆t)k0

(τ boreabs (t)/Nbore(t))

�k�ml�çm¢��

XHEjhcY�\�GLY�`�`fM�GdEZhcY�E V_S GREHX7JL\bM&ó&E�ãWX S XHEcû�M�ÿ4E�óWó�E�N�g S ��GRM U `�JL\bM&ó[NmY��nM U E U EHGLJREjXHM&ó�GLJ S óQJRE�M�Y?° S�U \bE`nE7Y&E�óQJ U E

tE7J

t + ∆tó�XHEHX7\5EHGLJI7� S�V E�û�E�óQJa°4I U \�á^I�` S�U�V E6X S�V X7Y V l

>@?B "?Z���+¢�¯�?BH"Eo¢²IC�µ<h-fI?a¯�±�²IfgµWCFHi¶�¢µ«¼�µ<¢?Z�-CÀf���Eo� ��?a¯D����µWf H"?Z�-Ck Ã�Ä

��E7JLJREBû�McNm\�á^X S JL\bM&óÎN�E V_S hcY S óQJL\�JRIPN�E[�nM U E&` U IHGRE�ócJ(N S ó�G V E�û�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U ó5g \�óQJRE U °O\bE�óQJ?hQY�E�GL\V g�EHGLJL\�û S JRE7Y U

k̃�t+∆t

�5G�g�I V M�\�� ó�EoN�E V_S ° S�V E7Y Uk0` S�U YWó,IHX S�U J�hcY�\mEHGLJ�GLY�`fI U \bE7Y U e

δkeff] V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E

GLJ S JL\bGRJL\bhQY�E�GLY U�V E�i S X7JRE7Y UkEHGRJL\�û�IW` S�U ô/ü�ý-þnl�µc\�XHE³ó5g�EHGRJ�` S G V E�X S G�] V_S ` U M�`fM U JL\bM&ó¤N�E��nM U E(EHGLJ

V_S \bGRGdIHEj\�ó�XRK S ó��4IHE�l^D S XHM&ó�Nm\�JL\bM&ó[` U \bGREj`nM�Y US ��\ U GRY UoV_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY?�nM U E�N S ó�G V g�E S Y�EHGLJ�ó

|k̃ − k0| > 2 × δkeff�k�ml�ç��4�

XHE�hQY�\3ó�M�Y�G`nE U û�E7JN�g S °4M�\ U YWó[\�ócJRE U ° S�V�V E�N�E�XHM&ómá S ó�XHE N�E�í�ý;§(]�e V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U NmY�hQY�E V M&ó�XdK�M�\bGL\�JN�E ó�E6` S GÆû�McNm\�á^E U

Nborel

� ÅzÅ Æ»Ø ËR��Ì���ÍǶ Ø �»�{ ´ Ø Ì�Ùt¶���Î�Í^��ÍǶ�ÛÆÌ��εi È Ë��, �É ����ÉÆÎR�Î�{ �¶�ÛÆÍ: ���¶ Ø �ËÊkÍoÍ�ÎRÛÆÉ

¶�Û Ì���ËR��Í �kÎxÌ� ��n��ÉÙoÍ É Û° Ø Ì ËRÛÆÌ��f�kÍ´�M�Y U YWóKó�M"ÿ S Y V M�Y U N,N�M&óWó�I�] V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E

εi] V g�I�ó�E U ��\bEoN�I7`nM�GRIHETN S ó�G V E U I S X7JRE7Y U �¡K�M U G�ó�E7Y�J U \�ó�M�G��

V M U GRhcY5g \ V á^GRGL\bM&óWó�EaEHGLJ�`fE U JL\�ó�E�ócJRE V M U GRhcY5g�M&óWGL\�û�Y V E�YWó�EoI7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�ej`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�XHM&ó�GRJ S óQJRE�lQDFEoJ S � V E S Y�ml�¢�N�M&óWó�E V EHG° S�V E7Y U GN�E

εE5��EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJ6` U \bGdEHGE�ó±XHM&û,`�JRE�N S ó�G ô/ª3õ�ö[`nM�Y UV EHG/ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�N�EHGjN�E7Ym¯

X�ÿmX V EHG�NmY&XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�]�X�ÿmX V EjJLK�M U \�YWû E7J�X�ÿmX V E6Y UdS ó�\�YWû&lý�(

æTK��nç�� ¢pí�(m]|�@=PE�âê��nçnç ¢pí�ím]®�@=PE�âê��nç�ý ���m¢�]~ü�=PE�âê��nç�> ����>m]|ý@=PE�â´�YP�nç�í �m¢��m]~ü�=PE�â´�YP�A%�¢ �m¢Yçm]®>@=PE�â

Í�3�Î2ìf�ml�¢3í^# 0B8 7 ë ./( 3x0&9^ì�0B8 î -/.I05<�3N8 7 , ( 9�053Eñ ë 0 7 (�k +A8 ( 0 k -/3�À 8N8 ë +/9 ? +/9o8 ë 7 ( 3 ( 0B8AuFÏ�ÐyÑ6Ò wô/ª3õ�ö�\�û,` V I�û�E�ócJRE�JRM�Y�JRE�ikM�\bGjYWó�E,M�`�JL\bM&ó�`fM�Y U XHM�Y U Jwâ�X7\ U X7Y�\�JRE U XHEHGj° S�V E7Y U Gj` U \bGREHGj` S�U N�I�i S Y�J�E7J

`fE U û�E7JZe V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U N�EjikM�Y U ó�\ U YWó�E�Nm\bGRJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó[N�E6° S�V E7Y U G�Gpg \ V�V E�N�IHGL\ U E�l

� Å�Ó + Ì��n�¬Ô Ì ÎA)KË»��Î�ÉÙ�����´ Ø Ê��Ú���Õ�cÎ�Í�Ì Ø Ë�Î�Í Ø ÙoÎdÛÆÉ � ��ÍÎ�� �Í�ÌkËwÙ Ø Ù�Í=�Y U E�vZY�\Z��N�g S ` U ¿HG V E�GL\�� V EWE�ó S ó�� V_S \bG�N�EtÖ 3z- k ð ë"? -/. 5K8C053@×B9^ì�053 ò - ? 0 ��EHGLJ�YWó�û�McNmY V E(E�¯mJRI U \bE7Y U

XHM�Y�` V Ie·ô ª-õ�ö,E7J�hcY�\��4¿ U E V_S6U E V EHX7JLY U EaN�EHG U IHGRY V J S JRG N�EHG X S�V X7Y V G�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l�� V G�g�EHGLJ�J U ¿HG�°O\�JRE S °4I U Ió�IHXHEHGRG S \ U E6N�EjNm\bGL`nM�GRE U N�g YWó?JRE V M�Y�JL\ V `fM�Y U `nM�Y�°4M�\ U E�¯O` V M�\�JRE U E7JT°O\bGLY S�V \bGRE U�S \bGRI�û�E�óQJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�N�EHG\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EHG N�EWXRK S hcY�E,\bGRM�JRM�`nE S \�ó�GL\�hcY�E V EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG)û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHGpl 2 3x+ k 7 , ë 9 ò +/3 ' -�ì ë +�9Aì"<o0.!, ë 9 ò +�3 ' -�ì ë +/9 E7Jo`nM�Y�°4M�\ U N�I7� S �4E UoV EHGoJRE�ó�N S ó�XHEHGN�E6XHEHGoM���GRE U ° S � V EHGaEHGLJ�EHGRGRE�ócJL\bE V5V M U GRhcY5g�M&ó&XRK�E U XRK�Ee±M�`�JL\�û,\bGRE U M�Y¤° S�V \bN�E U YWó�X S�V X7Y V l ' Y ² M�Y U N�g KcY�\g=[Y U E�vjY�\�`fE U û�E7J�N�E U E7` U IHGdE�óQJRE U � UdS `�K�\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¤N�E V g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EÀû�M V_S \ U E�M�Y�û S GRGL\bhcY�E�`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�Eió�M�ÿ S Y¤N S ó�G V g S�U � U E(N�EHG)ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯n] V E)�Ym¯$ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�E�û�M"ÿ4E�ó °OY�` S�U XdK S hQY�E XHE V�V Y V E E7J5JRM�Y�JREHG V EHGFGdEHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E�ãWX S XHEHG�û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�EHG U I S X7JL\bM&ó` U \bGREHGaE�ó&XHM&û,`�JRE�N S ó�G V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l

ý4ü

è@é�êÄì��ml~ü¢í 5Ø9�0 î <�0 7 , <�9�0 7 0B8 ë 9^ì�0&3 ò - ? 0B8rñ/3x- k ð ë m&<�0B8 7 , 0!= k .1+ ë ì,-�ì ë +�9 7 0B8�3 ( 8B<�. ì,-�ì�8 ô ª-õ�ö 7 -/9�8�.I0' + 7 <�.I0 b <y360 Ö < ë¡l

ý�>

Ñ ÒÔÓÖÕM×ZØ)ÙKÚ Ù

Ú Û ç�ë�àÜÛ é�ë�ß í Ý é ßÞÝ éìë ß ë àáÛ é�ë�ßRí à è âãÛ ç â è ç

à âZãåäæßRç�èêéìë�ßRí î ï ðòñ

�$Å�Ä ä ÉÙ^�nÛ6�kÌ ÊFÙoÎRÛÆÉu S ó�G?XHE7JLJRE�` S�U JL\bE�]1ó�M�Y�G&` U IHGRE�óQJRM&ó�G[YWó�E�G!ÿ4ócJLK�¿HGRE�N�E V g�I7JLY�N�E 460&9 ? ð ' -/3�æ E5��EHX7JLY�IHE>E�ócJ U E V E

XHMcN�E�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�=PM&óQJREn� S�ULV M�ô/ª3õ�ö.E7J V E[XHMON�E&N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¾N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�\bGLJRE ' `nM V�V M4�2�®(�>A�aY�JL\ V \bGRIPeö��F��õ�����åá�¦éý3öoæ�é�ü��4]fGRY U N�E7Ym¯[JÃÿc`nEHGN�E XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�] V g YWó±eWY UdS ó�\�YWû E�ó U \bXRK�\���ê­�1Ï6��] V g S Y�J U E�N�EJ�ÿO`fEMH¯�ÿON�E û,\�¯OJREaJLK�M U \�YWû�â2` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû ��æTK�´�Y���lmµOM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�GThcY�E V EHG�X S�V X7Y V G ' `fM V�V M�M&óQJTI7JRIaE5��EHX7JLY�IHG` S�U�V E(N�I7` S�U JRE�û�E�ócJ��¦éý3öoæ�éü���N�E^ö^�F� õ��W��l��M�Y�Gkó�M�Y�G�\�ócJRI U EHGRGRE U M&ó�G S Y�GRGL\ S Y¤XRK�M�\�¯»N�EHG Nm\�°4E U G` S�UdS û�¿7J U EHG�hQY�\�N�I�á<ó�\bGdGRE�óQJ�YWóAX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó»N S ó�G·ô/ª3õ�ö E�óìó�M�Y�G�� S G S óQJ GLY U N�EHG U IHGLY V J S JRGM���JRE�óQY�G6E�ó±X S�V X7Y V GjXHE V�V Y V E�M�Y S GRGRE�û�� V_S �4E(��XHEHGjNm\���I U E�óQJREHGZ�4IHM&û�I7J U \bEHG6GRE U M&óQJjN�I7J S \ V�V IHEHGj` V Y�GJ S�U N^��l��EHG6` S�UdS û�¿7J U EHGp]�M&ó V E�°4E ULUdS ]5XHM&ó�XHE U ó�E�óQJ V_S á<ó�EHGRGRE S °4EHX V_S hQY�E V�V E�M&ó>N�IHX U \�J V_S �4IHM&û�I7J U \bEWGL\�û�Y V IHE�l��ó�X S�V X7Y V XHE V�V Y V E�]�ó�M�Y�G û�M&óQJ U E U M&ó�G V EHGaNm\���I U E�ó�XHEHGZhQY�\FE�¯m\bGLJRE�ócJE�óQJ U E�YWó�G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E�eWXHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�e� S GRE6N�g Y UdS ó�\�YWû E7JoYWó?G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E6e�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�e�� S GRE6N�EZ` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû E7J V EHGoGL\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&ó�Ga` U \bGREHGoE�óXHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHE�l

ù���¼o?IC� "?4 i "E�CFH"?I ³¯�?a¯�²4fgEo��A�µo�o?I ê/ó&XHM&ó�XHE7`�JhcY�\ U E7°c\bE�ó�N UdS GRM�Y�°4E�óQJZN S ó�GaXHE7JLJRE�I7JLY�N�E�]�GRM�Y�G�Nm\�°4E U GREHG�i�M U û�EHG�]�EHGLJ�XHE V Y�\FN�E 7 (x? +/<Z%

k -YñD0 l�´ S�U 7 (x? +/< k -Yñy0�059�ì�0 'gk 8 ]�M&ó�` S�ULV E UdS NmY&XRK�M�\�¯?N�EHGoNm\�°4E U GT\�ó�GLJ S óQJRG S Y&XHM�Y U GoN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó[M&pV g�M&ó�GRM�Y�K S \�JRE�E5��EHX7JLY�E U YWóPX S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þ�8�lf�/ó�` S�ULV E UdS�S Y�GRGR\�N�E 7 (x? +�< k -¦ñD0 7 0�.1-<ñ ( + '³( ì"3 ë 0�8 ë�' <�. ( 0V M U GRhcY5g�M&ó>GRM�Y�K S \�JRE UdS û�E7JLJ U E,E�ó>I7°c\bN�E�ó�XHE&��E7JjJRE�ó�\ U XHM&û,`�JRE ç~�ZN�EHGj° S�V E7Y U G6\�óQJRI7� UdS�V EHG�N�g�M���GRE U ° S � V EHGhQY�\T° S�U \bE�óQJ�GRE V M&ó V EHG,Nm\�û�E�ó�GL\bM&ó�GWNmYC` U M�� V ¿�û�E�]�XHM&û·û�E�` S�U E�¯�E�û,` V E V E�)�Ym¯�N�E^ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GKû�M"ÿ4E�ó\�óQJRI7� U I�E�ó�I�ó�E U ��\bE�lFµc\2]n` S�U E�¯�E�û,` V E�]�M&óP°4E7Y�J�M���JRE�ó�\ U6V E ` U M�á V NmY*)�Ym¯aû�M�ÿ4E�ó S Y«ó�\�°4E S Y>NmY�XHçjY U

Â�è �����û��3�w����º����&�p���}ûR{�� ��ÿ � �3�8û��#ýxé2ê®ëDì����y¥���z �����2���w�!�F�y}o}1� �¡�L¹Hz �"���r�2}o�!��z�û�z���� �Tûdv�Ì ��û�ÿ �wv�ÿ � q5s�t4u �ý�í

NmY U I S X7JRE7Y U ]�GRE V M&ó V_S K S Y�JRE7Y U e V_S hQY�E V�V E�M&ó�GRE ` V_S XHE�]nM�Y V E�` U M�á V N�E�N�E�ó�GL\�JRI,N�E�XHE U J S \�ó�Gj\bGRM�JRM�`nEHGe V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U NmY»X UdS ÿ4M&ó5]�M&ó»` S�ULV E UdS�S�V M U G,N�g YWó�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E?NmY¤XHçjY U E�óCJ UdS ó�XdK�EHG�K�M U \1�pM&ócJ S�V EHGWM�YN�g YWó�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E,NmY�X UdS ÿ4M&ó>E�ó�XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHGj\�óQJRE U ó�EHG�l�ê óPJRE V N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�GRE UdS ó�IHXHEHGRG S \ U E `fM�Y U GLY�\�° U EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óPGL` S JL\ S�V E�û�E�óQJK�I7JRI U M��4¿�ó�E�N�E V_S XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&ó[NmY[XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l�_ó�X S�V X7Y V�S GRGRE�û�� V_S �4E³ó�M�Y�G I7JLY�Nm\bE U M&ó�G V_S `nE U JL\�ó�E�ó�XHE�]�`fM�Y U ó�M�J U E�GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&ó5]�N�g YWó�E�Nm\���I U E�ómâ

JL\ S JL\bM&ó»N�EHG�X UdS ÿ4M&ó�G,XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E?E�ó ì+* k 0B8 7 0 ? 3x-&*;+/9 GdE V M&ó V E7Y U `nM�GL\�JL\bM&óCN S ó�G V g S GRGdE�û�� V_S �4E��¡` S�UE�¯�E�û,` V E�]^GRE V M&ó±hcY�E�XHE7Ym¯Oâ�X7\�GRM�\bE�ócJ` U MOXRK�EHGjM�YBó�M&ó±N�g YWó 7 ì"<o4N0 7 , 0x-/<�8 M�Y V g�E�û,` V_S XHE�û�E�óQJ�N S ó�G V g S GwâGRE�û�� V_S �4EZ` U I7°cY(`fM�Y U�V EHG�� S�ULU EHGoN�EXHM&ócJ U � V E6M�Y(N�E`nM�\bGRM&ó(XHM&ó�GdM&û·û S � V E���lo�M�Y�G�ó�M�Y�G�\�óQJRI U EHGRGdE U M&ó�GS Y�GRGR\2]�JRM�Y ² M�Y U G `fM�Y U N�EHG�X S�V X7Y V G�E�ó³û�McN�¿ V E S GRGRE�û�� V_S �4E�] S Y�XdK�M�\�¯,NmY(N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4EaE�ó�JRE�û,`�G `nM�Y U ó�M�GX S�V X7Y V G�æTK�´�Y5lm´ S�U û,\ V EHG�X U \�JR¿ U EHG S N�M�`�JRIHG `nM�Y U�U E7JRE�ó�\ U V g YWó�N�EaXHEHGTXRK�M�\�¯�\ V ÿ S Y UdS�V_S �nM&óWó�EaXHM&óc°4E U â�4E�ó�XHEZNmY(X S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5lWu�g S Y�J U Ea` S�U Jp]mN S ó�G V_S û�EHGRY U ENmY(`fM�GdGL\�� V EÆó�M�Y�GTXRK�M�\bGR\ U M&ó�GTJRM�Y ² M�Y U G V_SXHM&ómá���Y UdS JL\bM&ó V_S ` V Y�G�IHXHM&ó�M&û�E�E�ó?JRE�û,`�GN�E6X S�V X7Y V ]�` S�UdS û�¿7J U E U EHGLJ U \bX7JL\�i���\bE�ó[XHM&óWócY[N�EHG1û�I7JLK�MON�EHGN�E6GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&ój=PM&óQJREh� S�ULV M S Y ² M�Y U N�g KcY�\2l

�$Åw� ×�Ø É^ �Ûgí �Ù^��ÎR� Ê���Ë�Ë�Ì Ëd�

�ZM�Y�G XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U M&ó�G�\bX7\ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¤N�g YWó¤GRE7Y V X UdS ÿ4M&ó�XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�l ��E(X S�V X7Y V GL\�û,` V E�`fE U û�E7J,N�Eû�E7JLJ U E6E�ó&I7°O\bN�E�ó�XHE6` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G�E5��E7JRGoM�Y&M U N U EHG�N�Ej� UdS ó�N�E7Y U X S�UdS X7JRI U \bGRJL\bhQY�EHGNmY&XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�æTK�´�YhcY5g \ V XHM&óQ°O\bE�óQJZN�g�I7° S�V Y�E U ]^` U I S�V_S � V E�û�E�óQJ6e V g�I7JLY�N�E�N�g YWó�E6�4IHM&û�I7J U \bE�` V Y�GaXHM&û,` V E�¯�E�] S \�ó�GL\FhcY�E6N�g S `mâ` U IHX7\bE U�V EHGaNm\��nI U E�ó�XHEHGa\�óQJ U \�ó�GR¿HhcY�EHGahcY5g�E�¯O\bGRJRE�óQJ S °4EHX�YWó&XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�e�� S GRE6N�g Y UdS ó�\�YWû&l

Gaine

Modérateur

Cell. 1

Cell . 2

Cell. 3

Cell. 4

Cell. 5

Cell. 6

1.26 cm

úfû�ü

XHM�Y U M&óWó�E Ò S ÿ4M&ó[E�¯mJRI U \bE7Y U �û·û��¢ %�l®��í�ý����� çml|í�ím¢Yçm¢ç çml®>�>A%D>�(% çml®(�(���(�>ý çml %Q��(m¢p�( �ml|ý�>�í�ím¢

ú=þnü

è@é�êÄì2çml�¢,íîÖ ( + '³( ì"3 ë 0 7 ? 05.F.«<�.10&85ùruX- w # 0 ? 3x-&*;+/9 ? + ' 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0�9�059�ì,+/<y3 ( 7 0�8&-qñ;- ë 9�0�9U058�ì 7 (x? +/< kW( 0598 ë = ? +/<�3z+�9�9�0B8YùduX4 w{ï -&*;+/9o8h0!=�ì�05359�0B8 7 0B8 ? +/<�3x+/9�9�0B8Yù

(��

z�yã;�yÃx �^�o~@�I��� }��Dð }W|-���ø���ø�����_��{±=1�-�����D S XHM&û,` S�UdS \bGdM&ó�N�EHG�N�E7Ym¯�XHMcN�EHG�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�EHGLJ�E5��EHX7JLY�IHE,GLY U YWóAX S�V X7Y V XHE V�V Y V EWNm\�J 059 '�ë . ë 05<

ë 9�À9 ë�l5D S XHE V�V Y V E�X S�ULU IHE�EHGRJ S�V M U G V E³û�M�JL\�iaN�g YWó U IHGRE S YCX S�ULU I U I7`nI7JRI�e V g \�ómá<ó�\2l�´�M�Y U V E,J UdS ó�GL`nM U Jô/ü�ý-þF] V_S ` S�U JL\bX7Y V E ` S�U °4E�ó S óQJ S Ym¯[` S�U M�\bG6N�E V_S XHE V�V Y V E�EHGLJ U I5)^IHXdK�\bE�°4E U G V g \�óQJRI U \bE7Y U N�E�i S/© M&ó±GL`nI�âX7Y V_S \ U E�l �ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�G S N�M�`�JRI�`nM�Y UjV E,N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E,E�ó>XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHG6\�óQJRE U ó�EHG�NmY>X UdS ÿ4M&ó>XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�] V Eû���û�EaN�IHXHM�Y�` S �4EhQY5g Y�JL\ V \bGRE V EaXHMcN�E ' `fM V�V Mj`nM�Y U JRE�ó�\ U XHM&û,`�JREaN�EHG�E5�nE7JRG�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bM&ó(N�EHG U IHGRM�âó S ó�XHEHG��ó�M�Y�G U E7°O\bE�ó�N U M&ó�G V M&ó���Y�E�û�E�ócJGLY UTV EHG�E5��E7JRGoN�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bM&ó���l�D S XHE V�V Y V E6XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�EHGLJN�IHXHM�Y�`fIHE UdS Nm\ S�V E�û�E�óQJTE�ó�(jXHM�Y U M&óWó�EHG�\�ócJRI U \bE7Y U EHG�XHM&û·û�E V EÐû�M&ócJ U E V_S á���Y U EDçml�¢�l��ZM�Y�G�Nm\bGRX7Y�JRE U M&ó�GN�E V g \�û,`nM U J S ó�XHE�N�g YWó&JRE V N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�`fM�Y U�V EHGaXHMcN�EHG^=PM&óQJRE{� S�ULV M,` S�U�V_S GLY�\�JRE�l

jKµW "?I P¯�?a¯�E�h�h�²I?4 i�3H��+¢+� "²I?4 ' V g�E�¯�XHE7`�JL\bM&ó¤N�E(hcY�E V hcY�EHG�i UdS � û�E�óQJRG�E7J ` U MONmY�\�JRG N�EWá^GRGL\bM&ó5]�JRM�Y�G V EHGkó�M"ÿ S Ym¯CGdM&óQJ�` U \bG�N S ó�G

ô �_Y�YÚ�ml|�m]�e�YWó�E±JRE�û,`fI UdS JLY U E>N�E�ç����S�,lÐu S ó�G�JRM�Y�G V EHG?X S G?E7J&GRE V M&óÎNm\bGL`nM&ó�\���\ V \�JRI�] V g�M U N U E>N�E` U \bM U \�JRI�N�EHGTá^XdK�\bE U GZe ` U E�ó�N U E�`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�E$ó�M"ÿ S Y�N S ó�GÆó�M�J U E6� S GRE�N�E6N�M&óWó�IHEHG S I7JRI�ó

•õ�ö��m���ml|�m]�çml®�,M�Y�çml�¢�]m`�Y�\bG

•ö<ýF�F�ñ(ml®>m]�(ml�¢6M�Y�ýml®�m]�`�Y�\bG

•õ�ö<ý5��1tçml�ç

�ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�G S Y�GRGL\�E5��EHX7JLY�I V EHG�X S�V X7Y V Gr=PêÒ� S °4EHX V_S � S GRE ô �_Y�YÅçml�¢�]5XHE,hcY�\�ó�M�Y�G6`nE U û�E7J�N�EXHM&û,` S�U E UZS Y[X S G ô �_Y�Y��ml|�ml

÷�é Tné+m�ém NP²4 ���¢�H"µ�H" i¯��°fIµ<¢�f4��¢¬ò*ó�ôD5E(XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E?XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U I?EHGLJ�NmYCNm\bMp¯ZÿmN�E�N�g Y UdS ó�\�YWû&]�E�ó U \bXRK�\aeyçml~ü�§��û S GRGL\bhcY�E���E�ó�õ"ö�Áwê l�D S

N�E�ó�GL\�JRI6N�Ej`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE6N�I�á<ó�\bE�`fM�Y U XHE6X S�V X7Y V EHGLJ V_S û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�E�N�E6XHE V�V E6N�g YWó&Òa��´�ârí����?�k�4ü/����=B`�JLK���]X�g�EHGLJwâre�â�Nm\ U E*çnç�>�` ` S�U X�û 3 N�E XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�l�D�g�E S Y�NmY)û�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U XHM&óQJL\bE�óQJ(�����`�`Wû�N�E��fM U E@ó S JLY U E VNm\bGRGRM�Y�Gpl

O ¼�Eo¢+�-H���E�h ¯����õWf H"?4��CÀ¯�?B�«�D¢�H���A�¢+�fgµ�H��Eohk∞

D5E�i S X7JRE7Y U N�EÀû�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ók∞

S I7JRI?EHGRJL\�û�I(E�ó¤Y�JL\ V \bG S óQJ^ç�������ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�GRM�Y U XHE(` S�U X�ÿmX V E�]YWó�EWGRM�Y U XHE�I7JRE�ó�NmY�EWN�EW`fM�\�ócJRG�N�E�á^GdGL\bM&óAE7J{(�ý&X�ÿOX V EHG S X7JL\�i�G�l ' °4EHXWXHE7JLJREWGLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�] V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�ES Y�JRM�Y U NmYWi S X7JRE7Y U N�E/û�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bM&ó&EHGRJL\�û�IHEa` S�U ô/ü�ý-þWEHGRJ N�g�E�óQ°O\ U M&ó&������`nX�û&lOD S NmY U IHEZN�EZX S�V X7Y VN�E�XdK S hQY�E�J�t�XRK�EPô/ü�ý3þ�EHGLJ S�V M U GZN�g�E�óQ°O\ U M&óvç,K�E7Y U EHGjGLY U YWóaû�M&ó�M�` U MOXHEHGRGRE7Y U ÏZ�¬�U� �ml~ü³v dQ�4l^D Sá���Y U E�çml|�WE7J V E�J S � V E S Y_çml�¢)û�M&óQJ U E�óQJ V EHG U IHGLY V J S JRGplfD�g�IHX S�U JjM���GRE U °4I�E�ócJ U E V EHGZN�E7Ym¯[XHMcN�EHG` U IHGRE�ócJREN�EHGaNm\���I U E�ó�XHEHGaN�E V g�M U N U E�N�Er(�����`fX�û e ` S�U JL\ U NmY?` S G�XHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N S óQJje�%4v ` ² n�Jpl

(m¢

êK÷�õ�åyæk ø�ù�ú/û~ü®ý�û�þ&þ õ�ÿ õ��∞ kapollo

∞ ∆ = (k ø�ù�ú/û∞ − kapollo∞ )/k ø�ù�ú/û∞

�¡`nX�û��� ¢�l�ç�����> ¢�l�ç���� ¢�ü/�

�m]�¢pý�� ¢�l|�4ü�ü»% ¢�l|�4ü�ý ¢�ü�í�m]|ý���� ¢�l|�4üO¢�ü ¢�l|��(4ü ç�(�í¢ ¢�l|��(m¢pý ¢�l|��(�� ¢�¢Yç� ¢�l|�A%cü/( ¢�l|�A%D> ârí�(% ¢�l|�nç���� ¢�l|���A% %Q���( ¢�l|����>m¢ ¢�l|����� (����¢�� ¢�l�¢�(A%Q� ¢�l�¢pý�ý ü/��ý¢pý ¢�l�¢�¢pý�� ¢�l�¢���> ý�ý�>��� ¢�l®�4ü8ç�> ¢�l®��(A% >A%D(��ý ¢�l®�nç���ý ¢�l®���A% ý�í�ýç�� �ml|í�í�ým¢ �ml|í�>4ü ü�íA%çnç �ml|í�(�>�� �ml|í�(�( ¢pí�í%D� �ml|ínçm¢�> �ml|í��m¢ ¢�¢��A%

Í 3ØÎ7ì�çml�¢.í�÷ -/. ? <�.�5 6 s 0�÷ + 'Qk -�3z- ë 8&+�9 7 0g.�, (�î +/.q<mì ë +/9 7 < ò - ? ì�05<�3 k∞? -/. ? <y. (k -/3 ô ª-õ�ö{k -�3^3z- k;k +/37ì

-/< ? -/. ? <y. [|k +�.F.1+�ù # , 05353x0&<y3�87ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<o0 7 -�9o8�.10 ? -/. ? <�. ô/ª3õ�ö 0B87ì 7 , 059 î�ë 3x+/9yø�Ñ;Ñ k2?�' ù

(��

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

0,9

0,95

1

1,05

1,1

1,15

1,2

1,25

1,3

1,35

Kin

f

MURE (JEFF 2.2)

Apollo

è@éëê@ì�çml|�&í�÷ -/. ? <y.Ð5 6 s 0 ] î +�.q<mì ë +�9 7 < k∞k +/<y3�.I0B8 7 05< = ? + 7 0B8Yù # 0B8 (x? -/37ì�8 7 (�k -A8B8C059�ì.�, ë 9 ? 0537ì ë ì"< 7 0

-/<mì,+/<y3 7 < ? -/. ? <�. ô/ª3õ�ö 07ìØ8&+/9^ì -�ìkì"3 ë 45< ( 8Aö�.1- k 3 ë 8�0�059 ? + 'Qk ì�0�9 7 -�9o8 ? 0 ? -/. ? <y. ô/ª3õ�ö 9 7 , <�9�0 î -/.I05<�37 0 ε

k +/<�3r.10 :!;�� ú < ( ñ;-/.I0<ö^ø�Ñ;Ñ b 0��2ùO ¼�Eo¢+�-H���E�h ¯D?I i�+h�¼�?4h�H"µ<�CF?4 ³¯D?I ih�EZ®oµ<�-¸°¯�µ<h� i¢?I i¯����@²IC�?4h�H"?4 ifgEo��C�EohDh-?4 ·¯D� fgCFµI®oE�h

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30GWj/t

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Inv

en

tair

e (

g)

Apollo

MURE (JEFF 2.2)U 235

Pu 239

Pu 240 Pu 241

è@éëê@ì{çml�çrí ] î +/.«<mì ë +/9 7 0B8 ë 9 î 059^ì,- ë 3x058�ì,+�ì,-�<&= 7 0«5 07ì ú < k +/<�[email protected] 7 05< = ? + 7 0B8@<�9 (x? -�3�ì 7 0@Ð�Õ85<y3.!, ë 9 î 059^ì,- ë 360 7 0 : ;�� ú < 0B87ì '�ë 8h059 (�îpë 7 059 ? 0YùD S á���Y U Etçml %�\ V�V Y�GRJ U E�]�N S ó�G V E�X S G�NmY¤XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E«ª3¬�­�]�`nM�Y U�V EHG,\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG,NmY¤` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû E7J

(nç

N�E V g Y UdS ó�\�YWû&] V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�E�ó�i�M&ó�X7JL\bM&ó±NmY[J S Ym¯PN�E�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\bM&ó�N�E V g�IHX S�U J6E�óQJ U E V EHGN�E7Ym¯PXHMcN�EHGZGLY UV g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U E�`fM�Y UoV EHG�XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHGZE�¯mJRE U ó�EHG�E7J�\�óQJRE U ó�EHGNmY[X UdS ÿ4M&ó5l

�ZM�Y�GTXHM&ó�GLJ S JRM&ó�G�hcY�E�]O` S�UoUdS `�`fM U J S Y?X S�V X7Y V ' `fM V�V M�]oô/ª3õ�ö GRM�Y�Gwâ�EHGRJL\�û�E V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E�E�ó õ"ö�¹ ´�YN�g�E�óc°c\ U M&ójç;§ N�¿HG V Ej` U E�û,\bE U ` S GoN�Ej��Y U ócY�`5] V g�IHX S�U J�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRI U EHGLJRE6E�ó�GLY�\�JRE�e XHE7JLJREj° S�V E7Y U `fE�ó�N S ócJV E U EHGLJRE(N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó½�ãá��vçml�ç4��l�D�g�IHX S�U JKû S ¯m\�û�YWû*XHM&ó�GLJ S JRI�GLY U�V g õ"ö�Á ê EHGLJ�N�g�E�óQ°O\ U M&ó ¢�§(l��E7JLJRENm\���I U E�ó�XHE&` U M�°c\bE�ócJ�N�g S °4M�\ U ` U \bGp]�N S ó�G V E&X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�ö�]�YWó�E?° S�V E7Y U `nM�Y U

ε] V g�I�ó�E U ��\bE V \��fI U IHE&` S�U

á^GRGR\bM&ó5]c`nM�Y UTV_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYºõ"ö�¹R´�Y N�E������h=PE�â�l�D S ° S�V E7Y U N�Eε`fM�Y UoV E�õ"ö�¹R´�Y E�ó�GR`fEHX7J U EjJLK�E U û,\bhcY�E

EHGLJ�XHE7`nE�ó�N S óQJ�N�g�E�óQ°O\ U M&óC�m¢��º=�E�â l5D S GL\�û�Y V_S JL\bM&ó»I7J S óQJ�i S \�JRE�e�`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�XHM&ó�GRJ S óQJREWM&ó�Gpg S JLJRE�ó�NN�M&ó�X?e[i S \ U E�E�óc°c\ U M&ó.ý;§ N�E(` V Y�G,N�E�á^GRGL\bM&ó�G,N�E(` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû*N S ó�G V E�X S�V X7Y V ô ª-õ�ö�`fM�Y U�V_S û���û�EXHM&ócJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó.E�ó¤`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE?N�E?XHEÀó�M"ÿ S Y�e V_S `�Y�\bGdG S ó�XHE�JRM�J S�V E�l|��EHX7\�EHGLJ,XHM&û,` S JL\�� V E S °4EHX V g�M U N U EN�E?� UdS ó�N�E7Y U E7J V E�GL\�� ó�E[N�E V g�IHX S�U J(M���GRE U °4I�l�D5EHGWIHX S�U JRG(M���GRE U °4IHG(GLY U�V EHG�\bGdM�JRM�`fEHG�GLY�`fI U \bE7Y U G(NmY` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû&]Qi�M U û�IHG�` S�U X S `�JLY U E�]OGdM&óQJ XHM&ó�GdIHhQY�E�ó�XHEZN�E V g�EHX S�U JTGLY U V EQõ"ö�¹R´�Y�lOD5EHG ° S�V E7Y U G�N�EHG�I�ó�E U ��\bEHG` S�U á^GdGL\bM&ó&N S ó�Gcô/ª3õ�ö&M&óQJI7JRI�\�û,` V I�û�E�óQJRIHGZN�E7`�Y�\bGE7J�XHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N�E�óQJZ`nM�Y U JRM�Y�JRE V_S GLY�\�JRE�]�e,XHE V�V EHGXHM ULU EHGL`nM&ó�N S óQJje�XRK S hcY�Ecó�M"ÿ S Y5l

>Ʊ ²I¼oE�¢�-H��Eoh ¯D����-¸�¶wAD�D� " "µ<h�fg?BfgE�h- "H"µ<h�H"?' `�Y�\bGdG S ó�XHE�XHM&ó�GRJ S óQJRE�]nM&ó�M���GRE U °4E�YWó�E S Y�� û�E�óQJ S JL\bM&ó>N�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYj)�Ym¯&\�óQJRI7� U I?�F)�Ym¯ ö�<�9

ñ/3x+/< k 0 ��GLY U�V g�E�ó�GRE�û�� V EaN�EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHG�`fE�ó�N S ócJ V E 45<y359�< kfl���ó�E5��E7Jp] S á<ó�N�E�GRJ S ��\ V \bGRE U�V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHEPE7J

û S \�ócJRE�ó�\ U YWó�J S Ym¯�N�E�á^GRGL\bM&ó�XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJNfissσfissφ ε = P

] V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYr)�Ym¯cû�M"ÿ4E�óφN�M�\�J�XHM&û,`nE�ó�GRE U

V_S ° S�U \ S JL\bM&óNfissσfiss

]�hcY�\5N�IHX U M�rbJaNmY?i S \�J�N�E V_S XHM&ó�GRM&û·û S JL\bM&ó[` U M�� U EHGdGL\�°4E�N�E V_S û S JL\b¿ U E�á^GRGL\ V E�l� V i S Y�J5JRE�ó�\ U XHM&û,`�JRE�N�E�XHE hQY�E V_S XHM&ó�XHE�óQJ UdS JL\bM&ó,N�E��fM U E N S ó�G V g�E S Y�EHGLJ5� S�U N�IHE�XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJRE `fE�ó�N S ócJ

V EZ��Y U óQY�`&N S ó�GoXHE6X S�V X7Y V ]�XHEjhcY�\ S û,` V \�á^E6XHE7JLJRE S Y�� û�E�ócJ S JL\bM&ó�NmY�)�Ym¯�` S�UoUdS `�`nM U Jae�YWó�EjGL\�JLY S JL\bM&ó` V Y�G U I S�V \bGLJRE�M&p V EHG�`fM�\bGRM&ó�G@ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhQY�EHG�GRM&ócJ�XHM&ó�GRM&û·û�IHG�E7J�n�M�Y�á V J U IHG�N S ó�G V E1û�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U ��XHE�hcY�\EHGLJ V EX S GTNmY��nM U EGRM V Y�� V E���lOD5EZJ S � V E S Ytçml|��N�I7J S \ V�V E V_S XHM&óQJ U \���Y�JL\bM&ó&N�EHG�` U \�ó�X7\�` S Ym¯Àó�M"ÿ S Ym¯Wá^GdGL\ V EHG �\ V `fE U û�E7JjN�E�XHM&û,` U E�ó�N U E `nM�Y U hQY�M�\�N S ó�GXHE X S�V X7Y V YWó�E�JRE V�V E S Y�� û�E�óQJ S JL\bM&ó>NmYj)�Ym¯[EHGLJ S JLJRE�ó�NmY�E�óE�ó�á<ó[N�Ej��Y U ócY�` V_S XHM&ó�XHE�ócJ UdS JL\bM&óPE�ó?JRE�ó�E7Y U á^GRGL\ V E S Nm\�û,\�ócY�I�` U EHGRhcY�E6N�Ecû�M�\�JL\bI�l=a` ² n�J

σ ��� õ"ö�¹(n,f)

�¡���σ ��� õ+º�Â(n,f)

�¡���σ ù õ"ö�Á(n,f)

�¡���N239 ü����� ÿ � N241 ü����� ÿ � N235 ü����� ÿ � < φ > ü�������� 2 ��� �¢pý�� >�í í�� ç�í2, 4.10−4 5, 7.10−9 2, 7.10−1 2, 9.1014

çnç������ ü�� >m¢ ç4ü4, 8.10−2 9, 7.10−3 8, 0.10−2 4, 3.1014

Í 3ØÎ7ìlçml|�Aí«÷ -/. ? <�. ª3¬�­ 0Dk 059 7 -/9�ìØ.�, ë 353z- 7 ë -4ì ë +/9�.I0B8 ë 8&+�ì,+ k 0B8FÀ 8B8 ë .10B8 :!;�� ú <g07ì :�� � ú < 8&+/9�ì ? 3 (�( 8Yù"! ë 059m&<�0{.I05<�3r8C0 ? ì ë +�9Ë0¡  ? - ? 0 7 0 À 8B8 ë +/9*8&+ ë ì|9�07ìkì�0 ' 059^ì k .q<y8 ë'gk +/3�ì,-�9^ì�0�m&<�0 ? 05.�.10 7 0{.�, :!;$# 539¬.!, ë 9�ì�059o8 ë ì (7 <&%|< = ' + *;0&9 7 + ë ìg9 ( -/9 ' + ë 9o8�-/<nñ ' 059^ì�0&3 k +/<�3 ? + 'Qk 059o8�053�.1- ? +/9o8C+ 'K' -4ì ë +/9�ñ/.1+D4x-/.I0 7 0 ' -�ì ë i5360À 8B8 ë .10¦ù

(A%

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24GWj/t

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

ext

erne

Pu 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 241Pu 242U 235U 238

úfû:ü('<��ûd�����_� ��z ��{�� �¡��û�z����Ð��vk��ûOÿ\�yvÿ q ) é+*$�kv��}ÿ�û �w��v��2���������yÌ"���y�������v/�y��û H���Q¹��ûd����û��F�������2û�v ��û�ÿ �wv�ÿ è ����ÿ�ÿ|�

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24GWj/t

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

inte

rne

Pu 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 241 Pu 242U 235U 238

ú=þnü('<��ûd�����@� ��z �p{�� �¡��ûdz|���Ð��vk��û�ÿ �wvÿ q ) é+*)�kv��}ÿ�û �w��v��2���F���oz �¡���y�������v/�y��û H���Q¹��ûd����û��F�������2û�v ��û�ÿ �wv�ÿ è ����ÿ�ÿ|�

è@éëê@ì�çml %�í ÷ -/. ? <y. ª3¬�­ 0/(x? -/37ì�+D4B8�053 î�( 0&9^ì"3x0�.!, 0B8�ì ë' -�ì ë +/9 7 0B8 ë 9 î 0&9^ì,- ë 3x0B8nu�- w k +/<�3�.1- ? +/<�3x+/9�9�00!=�ì�05359�0 7 < ? 3x-&*;+/9SuX4 w k +/<�3�.�- ? +/<�3z+�9�9�0 ë 9�ì�053B9�0 7 < ? 3x-&*;+/9Pù ú +/<�3�.I0B8 ë 8&+4ì,+ k 0B8­8 ë ñ/9 ë À ? -4ì ë ò 8 7 0�5�07ìú <49¬-/< ? <y9 (x? -/3�ì¬85< k<( 3 ë 05<�3�ö�ô� 9�, 0B87ì|+D458C053 î�( ù

(�ý

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

Temps (années e.p.p)

2,5e+14

2,75e+14

3e+14

3,25e+14

3,5e+14

3,75e+14

4e+14

4,25e+14

4,5e+14

Flu

x (

n/c

m²/

s) @

P c

on

sta

nte

Cellule 1Cellule 2Cellule 3Cellule 4Cellule 5Cellule 6

è@é�êÄì@çml|ý�íM÷ -/. ? <y. ª3¬�­ 0 �o-�3 ë -�ì ë +/9 7 <,%¬<&= ë 9^ì�0�ñ/3 ( 7 -/9o8 ? ð�-;m&<�0 ? 0&.F.«<y.I0n.1+/3B8 7 0j.�, (:î +/.«<Oì ë +/9 7 <? + ' 4&<D87ì ë 45.I0Yù # , ë 9^ì ( ñ/3z-�.10 7 <-%¬< = 7 -/9o8�.1058 7 ë ./( 3x059�ì�0B8 ? +/<�3x+/9�9�0B8@0B8�ìa.�- 'WÉ�' 0Yù

(�(

÷�é Tné+m�é�T NP²4 ���¢�H"µ�H" i¯��°fIµ<¢�f4��¢/.)�ب)���ó S N�M�`�J S óQJ V_S û���û�EaXHM&ómá���Y UdS JL\bM&ó(�4IHM&û�I7J U \bhcY�EaE7J V_S û���û�EaN�E�ó�GL\�JRIN�Eo`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�]Ió�M�Y�G�GL\�û�Ymâ

V M&ó�G�û S \�óQJRE�ó S ócJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óWN�g YWó�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V EaN�g�Mp¯ZÿmN�EÐû,\�¯mJRETJLK�M U \�YWû�â2` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû&lQD S XHM&û,` S�UdS \bGRM&óGREZi S \�JaGLY UoV EHG1û���û�EHGa` S G�N�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó�N�I�á<ó�\bGN S ó�G V E6X S�V X7Y V ê��ÐÏ�l

ù ²;E�h���H��Eoh ¯D� fgEo�����- "H�����¢?B�-H��¢+� "²D5E�°4EHX7JRE7Y U \bGRM�JRM�`�\bhQY�E±NmY�` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû Y�JL\ V \bGRI�EHGRJ�XHM&û,` S�UdS � V E>e>XHE V Y�\6NmY�J�ÿO`fE�N�E[` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû

hQY5g�M&ó�E�¯mJ UdS \�JZN�g YWó±XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E³ª3¬�­»\ ULUdS Nm\bI�ó^\ V EHGLJN�M&óWó�I�N S ó�G V E�J S � V E S Y�çml�çmlfD S XHM&ó�XHE�óQJ UdS JL\bM&óû S GRGL\bhcY�E�N�E�` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWûÚ�¡JRM�Y�G�\bGRM�JRM�`nEHGFXHM&ómikM&ó�NmY�G��FN S ó�G V g�Mp¯ZÿmN�E�EHGLJ�N�E ím]|���;§ � l�D S û S GRGdE�°4M V YWû,\bhcY�ENmYPXHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E,æTK�´�Y:�

2EHGLJZN�E�¢��ml�¢pým¢ �4n�X�û 3 lf��E7JLJRE�JRE�ó�E7Y U E�óP` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû EHGRJ U E7` U IHGRE�ócJ S JL\�°4E,NmY

XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E æTK�´�Y&\bGdGLY&N�g YWó[XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V Ekª3¬�­ChQY5g�M&ó&I7JLY�Nm\bE UdS ` V Y�GoJ S�U NA��X�l iLl�XRK S `�\�J U E�%c��l�rGdM�JRM�`fE § ' -A8B8 ë m&<o0´�Y��nç�> �m]®(�>;§´�Y��nç�í ý�ým]~ü/>;§´�Y��A%D� ��ým]|í�>;§´�Y��A%�¢ üO] %cü�§´�Y��A%Q� üO]�ç�>;§' û �A%�¢ �m]~üO¢�§

Í�3�Î2ì�çml�çDí ��0 ? ì�0&<y3 ë 8C+�ì,+ k�ë m&<�0 7 < k .«<Oì,+�9 ë < ' ù # - ì�059�0&<y3U0&9 ë 8&+4ì,+ k 0DøDÐ�ô�8B< kW( 3 ë 0&<y360&ö10DÑ2� 8 ë ñ/9�0g<�9k .«<Oì,+/9 ë < ' 0�=�ì"3z- ë ì 7 , <�9 ? + ' 45<y8�ì ë 45.10 ª3¬�­�? +/9 î 0&9^ì ë +�9�9�05.�<D8 ( ù # , - 'i( 3 ë�?7ë < ' k 3z+ îpë 0&9^ì 7 0h.1- 7 (x? 3x+ ë 8�%8&-/9 ? 0 7 <i:��3� ú <Dù # -�m&<2-�9^ì ë ì ( 7 0 :��3� [/' k 3 ( 8�059^ì 7 -�9o8Q.I0 ? + ' 4&<D87ì ë 45.I0 k 053 ' 07ì 7 , 0B87ì ë�' 053&ö�059 îpë 3x+/9�ø-/9o8{.�- kW( 3 ë + 7 0 7 0{360 ò 3z+ ë 7 ë 8N8�0 ' 059^ì 7 < ? + ' 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0�- k 3 ( 8h8 (�k -/3z-4ì ë +/9 7 < k .q<mì,+/9 ë < ' ù # 0 ? + ' 45<D87ì ë 4&.108 ë' <y. ( -�<�9�0�ì�059�05<�3 7 0Côlùfø�ø�� 059 ' -/8N8C0 7 0 ? 0 î 0 ? ì�05<�3 ë 8&+�ì,+ k�ë mC<o0Yù

L�A@?If H"C�?I i¶°m�4WTá��C�Eo��A_?I ��\bE�ó¾hQY�Eìô/ª3õ�ö�] S Y¾J UdS °4E U G?N�E�ô/ü�ý3þ�] Y�JL\ V \bGREPYWóÁJ UdS \�JRE�û�E�ócJ ö ( 9�053Eñ ë 0 ? +�9^ì ë 9�<o0 `nM�Y U�V E

J UdS ó�GL`nM U J�` U M�� S ��\ V \bGLJRE�N�EHG1ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G�]�M&ó?`fE7Y�J�X S�V X7Y V E UZS °4EHXKô/ü�ý3þ�N�EHG�GR`fEHX7J U EHG1ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�EHG$' <�. %ì ë ñ�3z+/< k 0B8 l¬��EHX7\ U E7°O\bE�óQJ(e�i S \ U E�YWó¤K�\bGLJRM�� UdS û·û�E[N�E V_S `fM�`�Y V_S JL\bM&ó°ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E[N S ó�G�YWó�E?XHE V�V Y V EN�M&óWó�IHE�E�ó?� U M�Y�`nEHG�N�g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�IHGpl�D5EHG�X S�V X7Y V G�E5��EHX7JLY�IHG�` S�UoV E6XHMON�E ' `fM V�V M,N S ó�GaXHEj�fE�ó�XdKmâû S�U�5 Y�JL\ V \bGRE�ócJTYWó�J UdS \�JRE�û�E�ócJ1û�Y V JL\�� U M�Y�`nE�eW¢�ü���� U M�Y�`nEHG�N�g�I�ó�E U ��\bE�l ' á<ó�N�EXHM&û,` S�U E UTV EHGTGL`nEHX7J U EHGõ � ������v���� ���"��ûd�����LËHv�z~{�û�v��5·�vF����{�û�ÿ �wv��D�����x�p¹ 687Ö� �j}0û��������F������dû�v�Ì0ÿ|��v����F�w�

(4ü

N�Ecó�E7Y�J U M&ó�G S °4EHX�XHE7Ym¯&` U \bGaE�óPXHM&û,`�JRE�` S�UV EHGXHMON�EHGaN�I7JRE U û,\�ó�\bGLJREHGZXHM&û·û�E ' `nM V�V M�]<ó�M�Y�GN�M&óWó�M&ó�G\bX7\�XHEHG�GR`fEHX7J U EHG�e�¢�ü��6� U M�Y�`fEHG�X S�V X7Y V IHG�` S�U�V EHG�N�E7Ym¯,XHMcN�EHG�l4D S á���Y U E:9ml®( V EHG�\ V�V Y�GLJ U Eo`nM�Y U�V Eo` U E�û,\bE U` S G N�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l��M�Y�G XHM&ó�GLJ S JRM&ó�G�N S ó�G V EW� U M�Y�`fE S Y�JRM�Y U N�E[¢(E<; �¡� U M�Y�`nE�N�E V_S?U IHGRM&ó S ó�XHE�NmYõ+º�»L´�Yj��NmY�GL`fEHX7J U E ' `fM V�V MX S�V X7Y V I�N S ó�G V_S N�E7Ym¯O\b¿�û�ETXHM�Y U M&óWó�ETNmY X UdS ÿ4M&ó,XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�]�YWó�E S ó�M&û S�V \bE� U E�û�M&ócJRIHE�� U Y�GRhcY�E�NmYWGL`nEHX7J U E�e6XHE7JLJRE�I�ó�E U ��\bE���hQY�\�ó5g�EHGLJ�` S G U E7` U MONmY�\�JRE�`nM�Y U�V EHG S Y�J U EHG XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHGpl

(�>

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

U.A

(d

N/d

Lo

g(E

))

Apollo cell 1

MURE cell 1

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 1

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

U.A

(d

N/d

Lo

g(E

))

Apollo cell 2

MURE cell 2

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 2

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

U.A

(d

N/d

Lo

g(E

))

Apollo cell 3

MURE cell 3

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 3

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1F

lux

Ne

utr

on

iqu

e U

.A (

dN

/dL

og

(E))

Apollo cell 4

MURE cell 4

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 4

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

U.A

(d

N/d

Lo

g(E

))

Apollo cell 5

MURE cell 5

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 1

1e-09 1e-06 0,001 1

MeV

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

U.A

(d

N/d

Lo

g(E

))

MURE cell 6Apollo cell 6

Flux à 172 groupes

Couronne 6

=/>�?/@A9ml®(CB�÷ -�. ? <�. 2 ð ú <2D ÷ + 'Qk -/3x- ë 8&+/9 ô/ª3õ�ö1EP[|k +/.�.1+ 0GF�k 0 ? ì"360AöIHsõYøKJ/3x+/< k 0B8 7 , ( 9�053�J ë 0U-/< 7 ( 45<mì7 0�.!, ë 3B3x- 7 ë -�ì ë +/9Pù

(�í

O/¼oE�¢�-H��Eoh ¯D����µWf H"?Z�-CÀ¯�?��«��¢�H��AD¢+�fgµ�H��Eohk∞

D S á���Y U EK9ml~ü�N�M&óWó�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó?NmY�i S X7JRE7Y Uk∞

`fM�Y U�V EHG N�E7Ym¯(XHMcN�EHGplOD5EJ S � V E S YL9ml %�N�I7J S \ V�V E V EHG° S�V E7Y U G E7J V g�IHX S�U J�XHM&ó�GRJ S JRIE�ócJ U E V EHG�N�E7Ym¯WXHMON�EHGpl ' °4EHX V_S GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EaNmY�X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�ö�] V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�EGLY U V_S ° S�V E7Y U NmYWi S X7JRE7Y U

k∞N�M&óWó�IHE` S�U ô ü�ý3þ�EHGLJTN�g�E�óQ°O\ U M&ó&������`nX�û&lOD�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó?NmY

k∞N S ó�G V E

X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�öW� ô �_Y�Y[�ml|�4�nG�g�IHX S�U JRE�N�E�` V Y�G�N�E�ý����T`nX�û0��GRM�\�J5` V Y�G�N�E�N�E7Ym¯ji�M�\bG V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E�GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�ENmY?X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�öo��N�EHGT° S�V E7Y U G ' `nM V�V M `fM�Y U N�EHGo` S GoN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó�GLY�`fI U \bE7Y U G�e,��ý·v ` ² n�JplOD�g S XHXHM U NGRE�û�� V EKû�E7\ V�V E7Y U�S °4EHX V EHG6X S�V X7Y V G·ô/ª3õ�ö¤� ô �@YDYM9ml�¢��jM&p>XHE7J�IHX S�U J�EHGRJcû�M�\�ó�N U EWe(XHE7JLJRE,K S Y�JRE7Y U N�EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

Temps (années e.p.p)

1

1,05

1,1

1,15

Kin

f

MURE (JEFF 2.2)

Apollo

=/>N?O@"9ml~üPB ]OQA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 < k∞7 -/9�8­.I0 ? -/. ? <�. 2 ð ú < b 5 ï ]­u�R�]�ò�ò�øsù=ø w 07ì [|k +/.F.1+�ù

DFE[N�I7J S \ V N�EHG(IHX S�U JRG(M���GRE U °4IHG�GLY U�V EHG�Nm\���I U E�óQJREHG�XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHG?NmYÁX UdS ÿ4M&ó¾`fM�Y U�V_S ` V Y�` S�U J�N�EHGS X7JL\�ó�\bN�EHGZe�°c\bE V M&ó���Y�E�EHGLJ U E7`nM U JRI�e V g S óWó�E�¯�E ' S á<ó[N�Ecó�E6` S G S�V M�Y U Nm\ U \�óQY�JL\ V E�û�E�ócJ V_S,V EHX7JLY U E6\bX7\2lD5EHG�á���Y U EHG19ml®>&E7JI9ml|í&\ V�V Y�GLJ U E�óQJ V EHG�IHX S�U JRGp]�E�ó�`fM�Y U XHE�ócJ S �4E�]�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRIHG�GRY U�V EHG�\�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U EHG�JRM�J S Ym¯��GRM&û·û�E6GRY U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHG���lµOM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�G�JRM�Y�J�N�E�û���û�EohcY�E�]�` S�U�UdS `�`nM U J S Y,X S G�NmY�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E ª3¬�­n] V EHG�` U \�ó�X7\�` S Ym¯�\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG

NmY�` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû I7°4M V Y�E�ócJa\bX7\5e ` S�U JL\ U N�g YWó�E6hQY S ócJL\�JRIcó�M&ó óQY V�V E S Y&N�I7��Y�J�N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l�D5M U GRhcY5g�M&óU E7� S�U N�E,YWó>IHX S�U J U E V_S JL\�ioGRY U6V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E(N�g YWówó�M"ÿ S YChQY�\�I7°4M V Y�E�e(` S�U JL\ U N�g YWó�E�hcY S óQJL\�JRI·ócY V�V EWM�Y\�ómá<ó�\�JRIHGL\�û S�V E�] V_S XHM&û,` S�UdS \bGRM&ó�EHGLJ S�U JL\�á^X7\bE V�V E�û�E�óQJji S Y�GRGRIHE NmY[i S \�JN�E V g \�û,`fM U J S ó�XHE,N�EHGZIHX S�U JRGZ` S�UUdS `�`nM U Je V g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U E \�ó�\�JL\ S�V l�DFE�X S GaæTK�´�YPXHM&óQJL\bE�ócJjhcY S óQJje V Y�\5YWó�E�hQY S ócJL\�JRI�\�û,`nM U J S óQJRE E7J���\bE�óN�I�á<ó�\bE6N�EZ` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû N�¿HG V EjN�I7��Y�J�N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó&`nM�Y UoV EHGoN�E7Ym¯(XHMON�EHGp]O��\bE�ó&E�óQJRE�ó�NmY5l<u�g YWó�EZ` S�U JXHEHX7\ S Y UdS XHM&û·û�EWXHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHEWN�g�EHGRJL\�û�E U YWó�IHX S�U J U E V_S JL\�i1û�M�\�ó�G�\�û,`nM U J S óQJp]�N�g YWó�E S Y�J U E�` S�U J V EHG

ü/�

?K÷?õCåyækapollo∞ k ø�ù�úAû|ý,û�þ&þ õ�ÿ õ∞ k ø�ù�ú/ûý,û�þ5þ öXÿ Â∞ ∆

� ô �_Y�Y��ml|�4�6�¡`nX�û��∆� ô �_Y�Y�9ml�¢��6�¡`nX�û��

� ¢�l�¢S94ü ¢�l�¢S9�í ¢�l�¢S9�ý ¢pí�� âr����í�ml�¢pý�� ¢�l�¢p�+9 ¢�l�¢p��í ¢�l�¢�¢�> ý4ü/� â�94ü�í�ml|ý���� ¢�l�¢�¢�> ¢�l�¢p��� ¢�l�¢�¢p� ��íA% ârý�(m¢¢ ¢�l�¢�¢S9 ¢�l�¢�¢�¢ ¢�l�¢�¢p� âr�+9�ý âd¢�(�(� ¢�l�¢���( ¢�l�¢���> ¢�l®��í�í ¢&%Qý ârým¢�ü% ¢�l®��í4ü ¢�l®��íA% ¢�l®��í�> â�9���� 9�ý( ¢�l®��ím¢ ¢�l®��>�> ¢�l®��>�> âr�+9�> âr��(+9¢�� ¢�l®��>�� ¢�l®��>�� ¢�l®�4ü�ü %Q� âr�m¢�(¢pý ¢�l®��(�( ¢�l®��(�í ¢�l®��(�ý ��ý�> âd¢p��>��� ¢�l®��ý+9 ¢�l®��ý�ý ¢�l®��ý+9 �m¢p� â,%T9��ý ¢�l®�A%D� ¢�l®�A%D( ¢�l®�A%�¢ (��m¢ ¢����9�� ¢�l®����( ¢�l®�+9�� ¢�l®����ý (m¢�¢ â�>A%9+9 ¢�l®�m¢�> ¢�l®����ý ¢�l®�m¢pí üO¢�� ¢��+9%D� �ml|í�í�í ¢�l®���+9 ¢�l®����� %T9�> ��í��

Í�3�ÎU@V9ml %,Bå÷ -�. ? <�. 2 ð ú < 0c÷ + 'gk -/3z- ë 8C+/9 7 0�.�, ( QA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 <&WC- ? ì�0&<y3 k∞? -/. ? <�. ({k -/3 ô ª-õ�ö 07ì k -/3

[|k +�.F.1+�9.�, 0 ? -/3�ì 7 +/9�9 ( 058�ì ∆ = (k X/Y�ZT[∞ − kapollo∞ )/k XCY\ZT[∞

ù # , 05353x05<�3�87ì,-�ì ë 87ì ë mC<o0 7 -/9o8�.I0 ? -/. ? <y. ô/ª3õ�ö0B8�ì 7 , 059�Q ë 3x+/9_ø�Ñ;Ñ k2?�' ù° S�V E7Y U G�û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�EHG GdEHX7JL\bM&ó�GoE8]WX S XHEHG�NmY(` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû GRE U M&ócJp]ON�¿HG V EZN�I7` S�U Jp] S Y�JRM�` U M�JRI7�4IHEHG�]�XHEhcY�\`fE7Y�Jai S °4M U \bGRE U YWóBû�E7\ V�V E7Y UjS XHXHM U N�E�óQJ U E V EHGN�E7Ym¯&XHMcN�EHGGLY U XHEHG�° S�V E7Y U G/û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHGZN�¿HG V E�N�I7��Y�JZN�EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l��ó�XHE hQY�\�XHM&ó�XHE U ó�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó>N�E V g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U E�N�EHG ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E�û�E�ócJ�` U IHGRE�ócJRGp]nM&ó±XHM&ó�GRJ S JRE

hQY5g \ V E�¯O\bGLJREjYWó�E�Nm\bGRX U I7` S ó�XHE�N�E,¢�§"N S ó�G V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E�N�E 242 ´�Y[\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E�óQJ U E V EHG�N�E7Ym¯�X S�V X7Y V G�l�´�M�Y UV EHG S Y�J U EHG ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯ANmYAXHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V EPó�M�Y�G�M���GRE U °4M&ó�G�XHE7`fE�ó�N S ócJ�YWó S XHXHM U NAG S JL\bGwi S \bG S ócJ�ó V EHG�IHX S�U JRGE�óQJ U E V EHGaN�E7Ym¯(XHMON�EHG U EHGLJRE�óQJa\�ómi�I U \bE7Y U Gae��;§(]�e V g�E�¯�XHE7`�JL\bM&ó[NmYlõ"ö�©L´�Y�lm´�M�Y U XHE ó�M"ÿ S Y�M&ó S E�óQ°O\ U M&ó>;§ N�g�IHX S�U J&GLY U�V g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U E>JRM�J S�V E�ó¾á<óÎN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5laD S ` U MONmY�X7JL\bM&ó N�E±XHE«ó�M"ÿ S Y GRE�i S \�J�` S�UN�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE

αN�E 242 ��û&] V Y�\-û���û�E�` U McNmY�\�J` S�U N�IHX U M�\bGRG S ó�XHE

β�w¢�(�K��aN�E 242 ' û E7JZEHGLJN�M&ó�X�J U ¿HG

GRE�ó�GL\�� V E S Ym¯>IHX S�U JRG�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRIHG�GLY U XHEió�M"ÿ S Y5l�µcY U�V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E�N�g®õ"ö�öLê ] V g�IHX S�U J�E�ócJ U E V EHG�N�E7Ym¯>XHMON�EHGEHGLJ�\�ómikI U \bE7Y U ¢�§ E�ó?á<ó[N�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l

u S ó�G V EX S G�N�EHG S X7JL\�ó�\bN�EHG@û,\�ó�E7Y U G�] V EHG \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U EHGTN�E ' û E7J¬��û ` U IHGRE�ócJRE�óQJoN�EHG�Nm\���I U E�ó�XHEHG \�û�â`fM U J S ócJREHG[hcY�\j`fE7Y�°4E�ócJ S�V�V E U�² Y�GRhcY5g|e»���;§(lg��EHG?IHX S�U JRG&GRM&ócJ&XHE7`fE�ó�N S ócJ[XHM&û,` S�UdS � V EHG S Ym¯�IHX S�U JRGXHM&ó�GLJ S JRIHGPE�óQJ U EAN�E7Ym¯ X S�V X7Y V G�ô ª-õ�öÎE5��EHX7JLY�IHG[E�ó½` U E�ó S ócJ�N�E7Ym¯Î� S GREHG&N�EAN�M&óWó�IHEHG�Nm\���I U E�óQJREHG� ô �_Y�Y_n��� u Y½E7J ô �� uZDDn���/u Y���l���E7JLJREWXHM&û,` S�UdS \bGRM&ó�E�ócJ U E�Nm\��nI U E�ócJREHG�� S GREHG�N�E�N�M&óWó�IHEHGp]�`nM�Y U

üO¢

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Eca

rts

en

Inv

en

tair

e T

ota

l (%

)

Np 237

Am 241Am 242Am 243Cm 242Cm 243Cm 244Cm 245

=/>N?O@ 9ml®>^B ]OQA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 058 (x? -/3�ì�8@85<y3{.�, ë 9�QA059�ì,- ë 360,ì,+4ì,-/. 7 -/9o8{.10 ? -/. ? <y. 2 ð ú < ô/ª3õ�ö u_R�]�ò�òa`cbd` w 07ì[¬k +/.�.�+Tb

V E6X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�ö6]�EHGLJ S �nM U N�IHE6` V Y�G V M�\�ó5lDFE�X S GjN�E 242m ' û ` U IHGdE�óQJRE YWóPIHX S�U J6N�g�E�óc°c\ U M&ó¤¢pý;§ hQY�\ U EHGLJRE XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJj`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�ó

YWóÁJRE V IHX S�U JW`nE7Y�J��7J U E�E�ó.` S�U JL\bE S JLJ U \���Y�IPe V_S ` U \bGRE�E�óÁXHM&û,`�JREPN�g YWó UdS `�`nM U J(N�E[� UdS ó�XRK�E�û�E�óQJ241 ' û

+n →242m ' û Nm\��nI U E�ócJ6`fM�Y UZV EHGjN�E7Ym¯�XHMcN�EHG�l:� V EHGRJZN�E(¢��;§ N S ó�G V E�X S�V X7Y V ô/ª3õ�ö�lnD�g�IHX S�U JM���GRE U °4I[GLY U�V_S ` U MONmY�X7JL\bM&óÁN�g 242m ' û GRE U I7`fE U X7Y�JRE�N�M&ó�X[GLY U,V g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U E±N�EHG�\bGdM�JRM�`fEHG�N�En��û e` S�U JL\ U NmY 242 ��ûe�fM&ó�XHM&ó�GLJ S JRE�E5��EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJ�hcY�E V g�IHX S�U JjN�E�âd¢pý;§ GLY U 242m ' û EHGRJJ UdS NmY�\�J6` S�U YWóIHX S�U JaN�E)q ¢pý;§ÚGLY U 242 ��û hcY�\5GRE U E7`fE U X7Y�JRE�GLY U 243 ��û E7J�\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG�GLY�`nI U \bE7Y U Gpl

>Ʊ ²I¼oE�¢�-H��Eoh ¯D����-¸�¶wAD�D� " "µ<h�fg?BfgE�h- "H"µ<h�H"?D S á���Y U Ef9ml�¢���\ V�V Y�GLJ U E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�NmY@)�Ym¯iû�M�ÿ4E�ó�`nM�Y U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHE V�V Y V EHG�NmY�X UdS ÿ4M&ó�E�ó,ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó

NmY�J S Ym¯�N�E�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\bM&ó5lQD S ° S�U \ S JL\bM&ó�NmY@)�Ym¯·û�M"ÿ4E�ó�` S�U XHE V�V Y V E�`nE�ó�N S óQJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó(EHGRJ�XHE7`fE�ó�N S ócJó�E7JLJRE�û�E�ócJiû�M�\�ó�G,\�û,`nM U J S óQJRE&hcY�E�N S ó�G V E?X S G³ª3¬�­Al�D�g S Y�� û�E�ócJ S JL\bM&óÁ\�û,`nM�GRIHE�GLY U

φ` S�U�V E(i S \�J

N�E�GL\�û�Y V E U YWó�E�`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�XHM&ó�GLJ S óQJRE�]�EHGLJ N S ó�G�XHE�X S G�E5��EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJ - ' +/37ì ë 0 ` S�U V g S Y�� û�E�óQJ S JL\bM&óN�EHG�° S�V E7Y U G

σfiss]5XHM&ó�GRIHhcY�E�ó�XHEWN�E V_S û�M�\�ó�N U E S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bM&ó»N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E8]WX S XHEHG�]�X S�U N S ó�G XHE

X S G V E�` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû EHGLJ,XHM&ó�GRM&û·û�I�l�D5M U G�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5] V_S XHM&ó�GRM&û·û S JL\bM&óÁN�EHG�\bGRM�JRM�`fEHG á^GdGL\ V EHG�NmY` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû S Y UdS JRE�ó�N S ó�XHE�e S û�I V \bM U E U�V_S ` S�U JL\bE�JLK�E U û,\bhcY�E�NmY�GL`fEHX7J U E�]�E7J�N�M&ó�X�e S Y�� û�E�óQJRE U V EHG° S�V E7Y U G�û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHG�N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E8]WX S XHEHG N�E�á^GRGL\bM&ó5l�D5ETJ S � V E S Yg9ml|ýjE�¯m` V \bX7\�JRE V EHG�Nm\���I U E�óQJREHG hQY S ócJL\�JRIHG\�ócJRE U °4E�ó S óQJ�N S ó�G V g�E�¯m` U EHGRGL\bM&ó NmY�J S Ym¯�N�E�á^GRGL\bM&ó�`nM�Y UFV EHG�` U \�ó�X7\�` S Ym¯)ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯�á^GRGL\ V EHG�NmY�XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E

ü��

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Eca

rts

en

Inv

en

tair

e T

ota

l (%

) U 232U 233U 234Pa 233Th 232

hdi:ü

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

Eca

rts

en

Inv

en

tair

e T

ota

l (%

)

Pu 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 241Pu 242

h=þnü

=/>�?/@j9ml|íkB°÷ -/. ? <y. 2 ð ú <,D ÷ + 'Qk -/3x- ë 8&+/9 7 058 ? -/. ? <�.}8 ô/ª3õ�ö u_R&]�ò�òM`lbm` w 0Hì [¬k +/.�.�+ 0 ]/Q»+/.«<Oì ë +/9 7 0B8(x? -/37ì�8�85<y3�.�, ë 9�Q/059^ì,- ë 3x0�ì,+�ì,-�. 7 0B8 ë 8&+�ì,+ k 0B8 7 0 2 ðg9 ú -�9)5�07ì ú <�b

ün9

æTK�´�Y[°4E U G V E�N�I7��Y�JaE7J V_S á<ó&N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

Temps (années e.p.p)

2,5e+14

2,75e+14

3e+14

3,25e+14

3,5e+14

3,75e+14

4e+14

4,25e+14

4,5e+14

Flu

x (

n/c

m²/

s) (

Th

Pu

@ P

co

nst

an

te)

Cellule 1Cellule 2Cellule 3Cellule 4Cellule 5Cellule 6

=/>N?O@l9ml�¢��oBì÷ -/. ? <y. 2 ð ú < 0 �o-�3 ë -�ì ë +/9 7 <p%|< = ë 9^ì�0�J/3 ( 7 -/9o8Q.I0 ? -�. ? <�. ô/ª3õ�ö�k +�<y3 ? ð�-;mC<o0 ? 05.�.q<�.I0�.1+/3B87 0r.�, ( QA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 < ? + ' 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0^q k < ë 8N8C-/9 ? 0 ? +�9o8�ì,-/9�ì�0Sb

=a` ² n�Jσ ��� õ"ö�¹(n,f)

�¡���σ ��� õ+º�Â(n,f)

�¡���σ ù õ"ö�ö(n,f)

�¡���N239 ü����� ÿ � N241 ü����� ÿ � N233 ü����� ÿ � < φ > ü�������� 2 ��� �¢pý�� ¢�> �4ü �A%

0, 42 5.6.10−2 2.4.10−5 3.3.1014

9+9������ �+9 ��í �+90, 19 8.0.10−2 7.7.10−2 3.6.1014

Í 3ØÎr@s9ml|ýtB ÷ -�. ? <�. 2 ð ú < 0 .1-uQ»-/3 ë -�ì ë +/9 7 0n.!, ë 9�ì�059o8 ë ì ( 7 <v%|< = ? -�. ? <�. ( 0 k -/3 ô/ª3õ�ö q k < ë 8B8&-/9 ? 0? +�9o8�ì,-/9�ì�0 k 059 7 -�9^ì�.!, ( Q»+�.q<mì ë +�9j0B8�ìcWC- ë 4&.10 0 .10B8 ë 8C+�ì,+ k 0B8 7 < k .q<mì,+/9 ë < ' 8&+�9^ì ? +/9o8C+ 'K'i( 8 0 .I05<�3^8C0 ? ì ë +�90¡  ? - ? 0 7 0�À 8N8 ë +�9 ? 3z+nw�ì¬8 ë J/9 ë À ? -4ì ë QA0 ' 0&9^ìg07ì ? + 'Qk 059�8C0{8�059o8 ë 45.I0 ' 059^ìd.1- ? +/9�8&+ 'K' -�ì ë +/9 7 0 ' -�ì ë i5360À 8B8 ë .10�9�ì,+�<Oì~059xJ ( 9 ( 3x-/9^ì 7 0�.�,�:!;�;Z5 m&< ë 0B87ì<�9Ç0!= ? 05.�.I059^ì¬9:+&*;-/<�À8N8 ë .I0Sb

Ó)E�h-fI¢+�� ��Eoh� F�-CÀ¢�µwfIEoh�¼o?4C»�o?4h�fg?B¯D?I ³CF²4 ���¢�H"µ�H" i¯D?I ³fgµ<¢fI��¢ 2yLz/{}|�?IHWû³A@Eo¢+¢E´�M�Y UaV g�EHGRJL\�û S JL\bM&ó�N�EHGaM���GdE U ° S � V EHGhQY�\3ó�M�Y�G�\�óQJRI U EHGRGRE�ócJp]�ó�M�J S û·û�E�ócJ V EHGa\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EHGZN�EHGNm\�°4E U G

\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG6NmY±` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû E7J�N�E V g Y UdS ó�\�YWû E�ó>XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�æTK�´�Y5] V g S XHXHM U N>E�ócJ U E V EHG6N�E7Ym¯±XHMON�EHG6EHGLJJ U ¿HG G S JL\bGwi S \bG S óQJp] V_S á���Y U EL9ml�¢�¢(N�M&óWó�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¤N�E(XHE7Ym¯câ�X7\2l�D5EHG N�E7Ym¯AXHMcN�EHGp] V g YWóA` U M�� S ��\ V \bGRJRE�]V g S Y�J U E�N�I7JRE U û,\�ó�\bGRJRE�] S �fM U N�E�ócJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óWNmY�G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�EoN�EÐû S ó�\b¿ U EaJ U ¿HG�Nm\���I U E�óQJRE�l4D S û S ó�\�`�Y V_S JL\bM&óN�E6XHEHGoXHMON�EHG1ó5g�EHGLJo` S G S \bGdIHE6E7J�N�EHG V I7�4E U G�N�IHX S�V_S �4EHGaN�EHG�` S�UdS û�¿7J U EHGaE5��EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJGR\�û�Y V IHG1ó�E6GRM&ócJ` S Go\�ó�XHM&ó�XHE7° S � V EHGp]�ó�M�J S û·û�E�óQJ V E6J S Ym¯&N�E�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\bM&ó5] V_S `�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHE�E5�nEHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�ócJZGR\�û�Y V IHGp]�M�Y V EHG° S�V E7Y U G�N�EHG�XRK S�V E7Y U G�N�E á^GRGL\bM&ó,E5��EHX7JL\�°4E�û�E�óQJ�` U \bGREHG�E�ó�XHM&û,`�JRET`fM�Y U XdK S hQY�E�ó�M"ÿ S Y5l�D S XHM&û,` S�UdS \bGdM&óU EHGLJREaN�I V \bX S JREaNmY�i S \�J�hcY�E�XHE U J S \�ó�EHG�GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E8]WX S XHEHG ` U \bGREHG�E�ó(XHM&û,`�JREÆó�EGRM&óQJ�` S G U \��4M�Y U E7Y�GRE�û�E�óQJ

ü»%

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

0

20

40

60

80

100

Inv

en

tair

e (

g)

MUREApollo

Pu 239

Pu 240

Pu 241

Pu 242U 233

=/>�?/@"9ml�¢�¢pB ]OQ»+/.«<mì ë +/9 7 058U×B9�QA059^ì,- ë 360B8 7 0 ú <*0Hì :!;Ã; 5 k +/<�3�.I0B8 7 05< = ? + 7 058�b

\bN�E�óQJL\bhcY�EHG�`fM�Y U�V EHG�N�E7Ym¯CXHMcN�EHG�\bX7\ XHM&û,` S�U IHGpl�µOM�Y V \�� ó�M&ó�G,E�ómá<ó»hQY�E V_S ��\�� V \bM�JLK�¿HhcY�E(N�E�� S GREHG N�EN�M&óWó�IHEHG�Y�JL\ V \bGRIHE�` S�U ' `nM V�V M?EHGLJjYWó�E�°4E U GL\bM&ó�� S GRIHE,GLY U6V_S�V \�� UdS \ U \bE ô �@YDY �ml|��hcY�\�\�û,` V I�û�E�óQJRE�N�EHGû�McNm\�á^X S JL\bM&ó�G S N S `�JRIHEHG�`nM�Y U XHE6XHMON�E�l

�$Å�� à�Í�Ù�ÎN Ø ÙoÎRÛ É � � Ë»�2���f�f��Ì�� Í�Ù Ø ÙoÎ�Í�ÙoÎ6² Ì � Î�É��kÌkÎwÙ�� Í�Ì�� Ëd��Í Î�ÉU����ÉÙ Ø ÎL�n��Í�ZM�J U E�I7JLY�N�E�XRK�E U XdK�E�e�EHGLJL\�û�E U ` V Y�GL\bE7Y U GjM���GRE U ° S � V EHGjE7JjeWGL\�û�Y V E UjV E7Y U I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l ' YP` U E�û,\bE U

UdS ó��,N�EZXHEHGTM���GRE U ° S � V EHGoGREJ U M�Y�°4E�óQJ V EHG�\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EHG�`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E\bGdM�JRM�`fEZNmY?XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E S \�ó�GL\�hcY�EV EHG�XHMcE8]WX7\bE�ócJRG�N�E U I S X7JL\�°O\�JRITNmY G!ÿmGLJR¿�û�E GL\�û�Y V I�]�hcY�\c° S�V \bN�E�óQJ�YWó�XRK�M�\�¯�` S�U JL\bX7Y V \bE U N�E�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�l�� VEHGLJFN�M&ó�X�\�û,`fM U J S ócJ�N�E�XdK�E U XRK�E U eoI7° S�V Y�E UFV g�E ULU E7Y U GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�N�M&óQJ�XHEHGFM���GRE U ° S � V EHG�GdE U M&óQJ�E�ócJ S XRK�IHEHGpl

�ZM�Y�GÆó�M�Y�G` U M�`fM�GdM&ó�GaN S ó�GZXHE7JLJRE�` S�U JL\bE N�E�hQY S ócJL\�á^E UjV g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E�GLJ S JL\bGRJL\bhQY�E�hQY�\FE�¯m\bGLJRE�N S ó�GV E,X S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�ô/ª3õ�ö±GLY U6V g�EHGRJL\�û S JL\bM&óAN�E V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E�N�E,XRK S hcY�EKó�M"ÿ S Y5l5´�M�Y U XHE i S \ U E�]fYWó�Eû S ó�\b¿ U E�Nm\ U EHX7JRE�]���\bE�ó»hcY�E��4M�Y U û S ó�N�E�E�ó�JRE�û,`�G�N�E�X S�V X7Y V ]�EHGRJ�N�g�E5��EHX7JLY�E U e U I7`fI7JL\�JL\bM&ó V EPû���û�EX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]4E�ó,` U E�ó S óQJ�GdM�\�ó�N�E�XdK S ó��4E U N�E��4E U û�EoGLJRMOXRK S GLJL\bhcY�EoejXRK S hcY�E�i�M�\bG�hcY5g YWó·ó�M�Y�°4E S YX S�V X7Y V ô/ü�ý3þ�EHGLJ V_S ó�XHI�l�D5E(XHMcN�E�ô/ü�ý-þ�`nE U û�E7J e V g Y�JL\ V \bG S JRE7Y U N�E,ikM�Y U ó�\ U E�óAJ S ócJ hcY�E�` S�UdS û�¿7J U ENmYCX S�V X7Y V ]�YWóìó�M&û�� U E S�V I S JRM�\ U E�û�E�óQJ,JL\ U IWGdE V M&óAYWó�E V M�\�YWó�\�ikM U û�E�hcY�E ô/ü�ý3þAY�JL\ V \bGREWE�ó�GRY�\�JREW`nM�Y UN�I7JRE U û,\�ó�E UV Ej�4E U û�E�GLJRMcXdK S GLJL\bhcY�E�NmY&X S�V X7Y V ` U M�� S ��\ V \bGLJRE�N�E6J UdS ó�GL`nM U JaN�E ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�Gpl

�ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�G S `�` V \bhcY�IXHE7JLJRE û�I7JLK�McN�M V M���\bEje V g�I7JLY�N�EN�EHG E ULU E7Y U G�GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EHG�\�ó�NmY�\�JREHG�GLY U V g�I7JLY�N�EN�EHGTN�E7Ym¯WXHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V EHGp]<ª3¬�­�E7JTæTK�´�Y5] S á<ó(N�g S °4M�\ U YWó�` U E�û,\bE U�S `nE U6© Y(N�EHG�Nm\��nI U E�ó�XHEHG�\�ócJ U \�ó�GR¿HhQY�EHGhQY�\�E�¯O\bGLJRE�ócJ E�ócJ U E V EHG�N�E7Ym¯,J�ÿO`nEHG�N�E�XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�l4u S ó�G V EHG�N�E7Ym¯,X S G�] V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó S I7JRIoi S \�JRE�E�óW�4IHM�â

ü�ý

û�I7J U \bE�XHE V�V Y V E�K�M&û�M��4¿�ó�E���G S ó�G�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�NmY&X UdS ÿ4M&ó���]�E�ó[E5�nEHX7JLY S ócJaYWó�E�X7\�ó�hcY S óQJ S \�ó�E�N�E6X S�V X7Y V Gpl�ZM�Y�G�M���JRE�ó�M&ó�G S \�ó�GL\mYWó�ETX7\�ó�hQY S ócJ S \�ó�E�N�E�° S�V E7Y U G�Nm\���I U E�óQJREHG�`nM�Y U�V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U EaN�E�XdK S hQY�EÐó�M�ÿ S Y

e�XRK S hcY�EP` S G(N�E�JRE�û,`�GplTê/ó�EBû�I7JLK�MON�EP\�ó�XHM U `fM U IHE�e°ô ª-õ�ö.£�`nE U û�E7J(N�EPJ UdS XHE U�V E�GR`fEHX7J U EPN�EHG\�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U EHGT`nM�Y U XRK S hcY�E/ó�M"ÿ S Y?E7J N�g�E�ó�E�¯OJ UdS \ U E S \�ó�GL\ V g�IHX S�U J JÃÿc`nE�l2�Zg�EHGRJ XHE7JTIHX S�U J JÃÿc`nEahcY�\�EHGLJ ` U \bG\bX7\�XHM&û·û�E,\�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E(GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�l�D S ° S�V E7Y U�S óWó�M&ó�XHIHE�XHM&û·û�EW\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U E�EHGLJ V_S ° S�V E7Y U û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EN�E V g�E�ó�GdE�û�� V EZN�EHG�° S�V E7Y U Gpl4D S á���Y U Ep9ml�¢p��\ V�V Y�GLJ U E V_S û�I7JLK�McN�EZGLY U�V EX S�V X7Y V N�E V g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U EjNmY³ó�M�ÿ S Yõ+º�»L´�YE�ó&X S�V X7Y V XHE V�V Y V E�ê��ÐÏ�l

Entries 53

Mean 3.324

RMS 0.02825

3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.60

1

2

3

4

5

6

Entries 53

Mean 3.324

RMS 0.02825

Inventaire (g)

No

mb

re d

’ocu

rre

nce

s

=/>N?O@j9ml�¢p�2B ÷ -/. ? <y. 5 6 skb�]|8�ì ëN~ -�ì ë +�9 7 0�.1-�Q»-/.I05<y3 ~ +n�D059�9�0 7 0{. � ë 9�QA0&9^ì,- ë 3x0 7 <*9�+n�;-/< :�� � ú <sq�<�9��Y U ócY�` 7 +/9�9���u ë�?7ë `A0 Ö^�jï_E ì w b ÷ 07ìkì�0h0B8�ì ëN~ -�ì ë +�9 k 36059 7 0&9 ? + ~Qk ì�0P0�Ð��\Q»+/.«<Oì ë +/9o8 ? -/. ? <�.m�6058{-nQA0 ? 7 058JD0&3 ~ 0B8@87ì,+ ? ð�-A87ì ë mC<o0B8 7 ë � �536059^ì�8Sb��P� � ? -�3�ìZì�� k 0 7 0 ? 07ì�059o8C0 ~ 4&.10 7 0&Q»-/.I05<�3N8��Um&<�� +�9 7 +�9�9�053x- ? + ~1~ 005353605<y3�8�ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<�0 k +/<y3 ? 07ì ë 9�Q/059^ì,- ë 3x0gq ? 07ìkì�0gQ»-/.I05<�3 7 <t4&<y359�< k �­0B87ì ë�?7ë 7 0�.�� +/3 7 3x0 7 0�Ñ�b��� 7 0�.1-Q»-�.105<�3 7 0�. � ë 9�QA0&9^ì,- ë 3x0 ~ +n�D059�b

¨-���G�r�o�G�l���N�����U�2���d�����T�T���������U�r�· ��S�l��� ����¡è ���P ����-���d�����"�c���S�������&�N�2�N�"�Ø�x�U�2���m��� U���^�U�4 o���c¡"����¢ê/ó�ETikM�\bG�XHE7J S�² Y�GLJRE�û�E�ócJ ` S�U YWó�E�� S Y�GRGL\bE�óWó�EE5�nEHX7JLY�Ia`fM�Y U JRM�Y�G V EHG�K�\bGLJRM�� UdS û·û�EHG N�g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U EHG

NmY�` U M�� V ¿�û�E·ó�M�Y�G�`fM�Y�°4M&ó�G$û�E7JLJ U E�E�óAI7°O\bN�E�ó�XHE V E�XHM�Y�` V_S �4E�hcY�\�E�¯O\bGLJRE,E�ócJ U E V EHG6E ULU E7Y U G�\�ó�NmY�\�JREHGeWXRK S hcY�E�` S GZNmY 45<y359�< k�GLY UZV g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E,N�EHGjNm\���I U E�óQJRG ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯±NmYPG�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�l���E7JLJRE�E ULU E7Y U N�I7`nE�ó�NikM U JRE�û�E�óQJp]n`nM�Y U YWó«ó�M�ÿ S Y>N�M&óWó�I�]�N�E V g S XHX7YWû�Y V_S JL\bM&óAN�EHG6E ULU E7Y U G6GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EHGjGLY UjV g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U E�N�EHGó�M�ÿ S Ym¯?hcY�\ V Ej` U IHXH¿HN�E�óQJ V E V M&ó��WN�g YWó�E V \�� ó�E�N�E V g S�U � U E�N�EHG1ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯nlD S á���Y U E�9ml�¢S9A\ V�V Y�GLJ U EP��\bE�ó�XHEHG U E V_S JL\bM&ó�G(`fM�Y U(V EPX S�V X7Y V-£�¤�¥ ó V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E�GLJ S JL\bGRJL\bhQY�EPEHGLJ

hcY S GL\�û�E�óQJ1ócY V�V E6GLY U�V g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E�N�E�õ"ö�¦Rê N�M&óQJ V_S ° S�V E7Y U EHGLJTN�M&óWó�IHEj\�ó�\�JL\ S�V E�û�E�óQJE7JoX U M�§bJ V M U GRhcY5g�M&óGpg�I V M�\�� ó�E�E�ó)ó�M&û�� U ETN�E_û S GRGRE N�E XHE V Y�\�â�X7\2l�´�M�Y U YWó ó�M"ÿ S Y,N�M&óWó�I�]�X U IHI V M U G�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]�M&ó M���GRE U °4Eö '¨FËHv�z4v�¨2z�©|z�ª�«�¨2��v�¨<«yº ��z�ª�©¬«$ª5º �8­�®$¨2z|�8­�­�i�©|z�¨2��ª(¯�vp®w�S¯�«V°��H�3¨L�

ü/(

XHEZe�hcY�M�\ V g�M&ó�Gpg S JLJRE�ó�N(\�óQJLY�\�JL\�°4E�û�E�ócJ�ó V g�E ULU E7Y U GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EZGLY U V g \�óc°4E�óQJ S \ U E6GREZGLY�`nE U `fM�GdEe�XHE V�V EhcY�\E�¯O\bGRJRE,GLY U6V g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EWNmYwó�M"ÿ S Y$k i5360 hQY�\ V Y�\�N�M&óWó�EKó S \bGRG S ó�XHE�l5D5E�J S � V E S Y±9ml®(�N�M&óWó�E�XHEHG6E ULU E7Y U GGLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EHG�`nM�Y U�V EHG�` U \�ó�X7\�` S Ym¯ S X7JL\�ó�\bN�EHG e�ý�\�ó�GLJ S ócJRG�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5l��/ó�°4M�\�J�hcY�E V EWX S�V X7Y V EHGLJGLJ S � V E�ó�`nM�Y U�V E�N�E U ó�\bE U ` S G�XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U I���%D�P²K³ ²3´ J���] V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�EaGLJ S JL\bGRJL\bhQY�Eo` U M�` S �4IHEEHGLJ�\�ómikI U \bE7Y U Ee��;§0`nM�Y U hQY S GR\�û�E�óQJ�JRM�Y�G V EHG1ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯�l

�/ó U E�û S�U hcY�E UdS ]�GLY U XHE û���û�EZJ S � V E S Y5]�hcY�E/û���û�E6e�`�Y�\bGRG S ó�XHEjXHM&ó�GLJ S ócJRE�] V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó&NmY?X S�V X7Y V£ ¤�¥ N�M&óWó�E�YWó�E�)�Y�X7JLY S JL\bM&ó±GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�GLY UV g \�óQ°4E�óQJ S \ U E,N�E V g®õ"ö<µLê N�M&óQJ V g \�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U E,EHGLJa��\bE�óPN�I�á<ó�\e V g \�ó�GLJ S óQJ,\�ó�\�JL\ S�V ó�XHE V I7�4E U N�IHX S�V_S �4E?EHGLJ,Nl¶ S Ym¯t)�Y�X7JLY S JL\bM&ó�G�N�EHG S Y�J U EHG·ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯ � õ"ö�· ´�Y�] õ�¸$¹ ´�Y` U \�ó�X7\�` S�V E�û�E�óQJ��N�M&óQJ V EHGTá^GRGL\bM&ó�G�XHM&ócJ U \���Y�E�óQJ S Y�GRGL\Fe V_S `�Y�\bGdG S ó�XHE�]�XHM&ó�GLJ S ócJRE�]^hcY5g�M&ó[GL\�û�Y V E�l

232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246Nombre de Masse (A)

0

1

2

3

err

eu

r st

ati

stiq

ue

su

r l’i

nv

en

tair

e (

%)

CmAmPuNp

U

=/>�?/@"9ml�¢S9kBÀú 3z+ k -SJ;-�ì ë +/9 7 0B8{0&3B3605<�3N8�87ì,-�ì ë 87ì ë mC<o0B8­85<y3r.I0B8 ë 9�QA059^ì,- ë 360B8�.10�.1+/9AJ 7 0r.�� -/3�453x0 7 058­9�+n�;-/<nºq�<y9 ��Y U óQY�` 7 +/9�9���u ë�?7ë `A0 Ö^�jï<E ì w k +/<y3h<y9 ? -/. ? <y. ? 05.�.q<�.I0 £ ¤�¥ ð�+ ~ + JDi59�0SbU�Ø0B8{- ? ì ë 9 ë 7 0B8 k 3��B8�059^ì�8-/< 7 ��45<Oì 7 0g. � ë 353z- 7 ë -�ì ë +/9�8&+/9�ì . ��»�¼ #c½ 07ìØ.��N»�¼�¾ ½ b�Ø0B8 %~i ? ð20B8g360 k 3 �B8�059^ì�059^ì�.I0B8^3 �x- ? ì ë +/9o8^9�05<Oì"3x+/9 ë m&<�0B807ì 7 +/9 ? .1-lu�<y9�0 7 058 w ? ð�-+wF9�0 7 0�WC+/3 ~ -�ì ë +/9�b

¿:¢�� ��S�c���T�À�Á�d�U�U�Â�T�����A�U�³ �¡3 ��SÃcÄt�l���¡è �U�a ��U�&�N�l����+�S�A�U���U�vÄv�r�����N�r���N���l���N�"�k

ÅjE�û S ó�\b¿ U E S ó S�V M���Y�Eae V g S ó S�V ÿmGRE i S \�JRE ` U IHXHIHN�E�û·û�E�ócJ GLY U�V EHG�\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EHG�N�EHG�ó�M�ÿ S Ym¯n]&ó�M�Y�G�`nM�Ymâ°4M&ó�G�°4I U \�á^E U GLY UoV g�E�ó�GRE�û�� V E�N�EHG�X S�V X7Y V GaXHE V�V Y V E�E5�nEHX7JLY�IHG S °4EHX�N�EHG��4E U û�EHGaGLJRMOXRK S GLJL\bhcY�EHGaNm\���I U E�óQJRG�]hQY�E V EHGh)�Y�X7JLY S JL\bM&ó�G�M���GRE U °4IHEHG�GLY U�V EHG,Nm\�°4E U GREHG,EHGLJL\�û S JL\bM&ó�GWN�E

kGRM&ócJ�XHM&û,` S JL\�� V EHG S °4EHX V g�E ULU E7Y U

GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E S óWó�M&ó�XHIHE�` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ�]^X�g�EHGLJwâre�â�Nm\ U E S Y�JRM�Y U N�E������W`fX�û `fM�Y UV_S GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�XdK�M�\bGL\bE N S ó�GXRK S hcY�EaX S�V X7Y V lmµcY U�V_S X7\�ó�hcY S óQJ S \�ó�EZN�Eo° S�V E7Y U G�EHGLJL\�û�IHEHGTe6XRK S hcY�E�` S G�N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó5]Ió�M�Y�G I7° S�V Y�M&ó�G V_S

ü�ü

¢pý���=ÀÆ ² ´ J ¢��&²KÆ ² ´ J ���&²pÆ ²3´ J 9+92²pÆ ²3´ J %D�&²pÆ ²3´ J244 ��û 9ml®>+9;§ 9ml®(�í;§ �ml %�%y§ ¢�l|í4ü�§ ¢�l�9�ý;§243 ��û �ml®(�>;§ �ml�9��;§ ¢�l®(m¢�§ ¢�l�¢p�;§ ¢�l|��(;§242 ��û �ml|�m¢�§ ¢�l�9��;§ ¢�l®���;§ �ml~üO¢�§ �ml %D>;§243 ' û 9ml®(��;§ 9ml|ý��;§ �ml�94ü�§ ¢�l %cü�§ ¢�l~ü��;§242∗ ' û �ml|�m¢�§ ¢�l�9+9;§ ¢�l®��>;§ �ml®>m¢�§ �ml®(m¢�§242 ' û �ml|�m¢�§ ¢�l %Q�;§ ¢�l|��í;§ ¢�l�¢��;§ ¢�l�¢�(;§241 ' û �ml®��(;§ ¢�l %D>;§ �ml|íA%y§ �ml®(4ü�§ �ml|ý��;§242 ´�Y �ml®��í;§ ¢�l %Qý;§ �ml|íA%y§ �ml®(+9;§ �ml®(��;§241 ´�Y �ml®��(;§ �ml|�4ü�§ ¢�l®�A%y§ �ml®(�>;§ ¢�l®���;§240 ´�Y �ml®(�(;§ ¢�l�¢p�;§ �ml®>A%y§ �ml~ü��;§ �ml®>�ý;§239 ´�Y �ml|ý��;§ �ml�9�í;§ �ml %D(;§ �ml %�¢�§ �ml %D>;§238 ´�Y 9ml®(�ý;§ ¢�l|ý�ý;§ ¢�l|���;§ ¢�l®��í;§ �ml|ím¢�§237 �` 9ml~ü/�;§ ¢�l~üO¢�§ ¢�l %D>;§ ¢�l®��>;§ �ml|í4ü�§238 ê < 0.01

§< 0.01

§< 0.01

§< 0.01

§ �ml®�m¢�§237 ê 9ml®(�(;§ %�l %D(;§ 9ml�9��;§ �ml®��>;§ �ml~ü»%y§236 ê �ml�¢�(;§ �ml�¢&%y§ �ml�¢�>;§ �ml�¢�ü�§ �ml�¢�ü�§235 ê �ml®���;§ �ml®���;§ �ml�¢��;§ �ml�¢�ü�§ �ml|���;§234 ê �ml|í�í;§ ¢�l~ü»%y§ ¢�l�9+9;§ ¢�l®��(;§ �ml|í��;§233 ê 9ml®(+9;§ ¢�l�9�>;§ ¢�l�¢p�;§ ¢�l®��ý;§ �ml|í��;§232 ê �ml %�¢�§ �ml %Qý;§ �ml|�+9;§ �ml�¢pí;§ �ml|�+9;§

Í 3ØÎr@9ml®(-B�÷ 05.�.«<y.I0 £ ¤�¥ÈÇ �8Q»+/.«<mì ë +/9 k 059 7 -/9^ì .I0 ��Y U óQY�` 7 0B8 ë 9 ? 0537ì ë ì"< 7 058U87ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<o058Q85<y3U.1058 ë 9�QA059GÉì,- ë 360B8�ì,+�ì,-/<+º 7 0B8 k 3 ë 9 ?Hë®k -�<nºp- ? ì ë 9 ë 7 0B8 7 -�9o8�.10 ? -/. ? <�. ô £ õ�ö b

Nm\bGL`nE U GL\bM&ó&M���GRE U °4IHE S Y�JRM�Y U N�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�E�N�Ek]�`fM�Y U JRM�Y�G V EHG�` S GN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó5l�D S á���Y U E

9ml�¢&%,\ V�V Y�GLJ U E�XHEHX7\FGLY UoV E�X S G�ê��/Ê�lD S Nm\bGL`nE U GL\bM&ó[N�E V_S Nm\bGLJ U \���Y�JL\bM&óPN�EHG�° S�V E7Y U GaN�E

kGRE�û�� V E�Gpg S XHX U M�§bJ U E�`fE�ó�N S ócJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�û S \bG

U EHGLJRE�JRM�Y�JRE�ikM�\bGWXHM&û,` S JL\�� V E S °4EHX V g \�ó�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E�N�E[�����P`nX�û N�M&óWó�IHE?` S�U ô/ü�ý3þ�l|��E7JLJRE[XHM&ó�GL\bN�I UdS âJL\bM&ó?GL\�û,` V E ó�M�Y�GT`nE U û�E7J�N�EZ°4I U \�á^E U hQY5g YWó�E6I7°4E�ócJLY�E V�V E6` U M�` S � S JL\bM&ó[N�g YWó�E6E ULU E7Y U 8��A87ì_� ~ -�ì ë mC<o0 GLY UV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¤NmY�i S X7JRE7Y U

k]�hcY�\�GdE UdS \�J�\�ócJ U McNmY�\�JRE V M U G�NmYCX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó¤` S�U V E�i S \�J�hcY�E V E(G!ÿmGwâ

JR¿�û�E S I7°4M V Y�IWe�` S�U JL\ U N�g YWó>I7J S J�N�M&óQJ V E i S X7JRE7Y UkEHGLJjJ U ¿HG V I7�4¿ U E�û�E�óQJ Nm\��nI U E�ócJ�EHGLJ�E�ó�` UdS JL\bhcY�E

\�ó�Nm\bGRXHE U ó S � V E�N�E V_S )�Y�X7JLY S JL\bM&ó�GLJ S JL\bGRJL\bhQY�E�E�¯m\bGLJ S ócJRE�l

ü/>

Entries 53

Mean 1.319

RMS 0.002125

1.305 1.31 1.315 1.32 1.325 1.33 1.3350

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Entries 53

Mean 1.319

RMS 0.002125

No

mb

re d

’ocu

rre

nce

s

Facteur de multiplication K

hdi8Ë �/ÌUÍ�¾<Î�¨}Ïσk = 160pcm

Entries 53

Mean 1.225

RMS 0.002435

1.21 1.215 1.22 1.225 1.23 1.235 1.240

2

4

6

8

10

Entries 53

Mean 1.225

RMS 0.002435

No

mb

re d

’occ

urr

en

ces

Facteur de multiplication KhmÐ+Ë�Ñ\ÌUÍ�¾<Î�¨ÁÏσk = 200pcm

Entries 53

Mean 0.9158

RMS 0.002365

0.9 0.905 0.91 0.915 0.92 0.925 0.930

2

4

6

8

10

12

Entries 53

Mean 0.9158

RMS 0.002365

No

mb

re d

’occ

urr

en

ces

Facteur de multiplication K

hm® Ë�Ñ5�\ÌUÍ�¾�Î ¨OÏσk = 250pcm

=/>�?/@+9ml�¢&%:B�÷ -�. ? <�. £ ¤�¥ÒÇ 8 k 0 ? ì"360B8 7 0B8 7 ë � �&3x059�ì�0B8CQ»-/.I05<y3B8 7 </W&- ? ì�05<y3 kk +�<y3oì"3x+ ë 8OQ»-/.I05<�3N8 7 0 ��Y U óQY�`

+D47ì�059�<D8-q k -/37ì ë 3 7 0K0�Ð ? -/. ? <y.q8 7 � �8QA+/.q<mì ë +/9 ë 7 059^ì ë m&<o058Kq{<�9&JD053 ~ 0­8�ì,+ ? ð�-A8�ì ë m&<�0 k 36iB8SbG� -O%¬< ? ì"<2-4ì ë +/98�ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<�0º+D458C0538Q��60º8B<�3 k q ? ð�-;mC<o0 k -A8l0B8�ì ? + ~Qk -�ì ë 45.I0l-nQ/0 ? <�9�0xQ»-/.I05<y3 7 � 059�Q ë 3x+/9Ó`c0DÑ k2?\~ b/� -Q»-/.I05<�3{-/9�9�+/9 ? �60 k -/3 ô/ü�ý3þpk +/<�3 ? ð�-;mC<o0 ? -�. ? <�.0B8�ì 7 0P`�Ñ;Ñ k2?\~ b

ü�í

�-Ô�¯ ×�Ø Û6�{ VÕ Ö × Ø Ù"ÖRÛsØ � ��Õ��<Ù{ �Ù: ��nÛ^É^ VØ{ VÖwÙ: ¤�IÚÜÛF� Ø °�ÛsØÝÛ�ÛgßÞIÚI×�Ù"Ö ÞIÕR�.�V×�Ùà�VÕ ÕR�ÜØ{ VÛ��V×"× Ø ÖR�f�tá

Å S ó�G�hcY�E V�V EÐû�EHGLY U E�û�McN�I V \bGdE U N�E�i S/© M&ó�K�M&û�M��4¿�ó�EoYWó�X UdS ÿ4M&óWXHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�]QN�M&óQJ V_S XHM&û,`nM�GL\�JL\bM&óI7°4M V Y�EZN�E�i S/© M&ó�GL` S JL\ S�V E�û�E�óQJoK�I7JRI U M��4¿�ó�E�] U EHGLJREaYWó�E S `�` U MH¯m\�û S JL\bM&ó&XHM ULU EHX7JREFj��ó?N�g S Y�J U EHG�JRE U û�EHGp]i S Y�Jwâ2\ V ` U E�ó�N U E�E�ó[XHM&û,`�JRE6YWó 7 � ? +/< k -SJD0 E�ó[XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHGaNmY&X UdS ÿ4M&ó[`nM�Y UoV EHGo�nEHGRM�\�ó�G�N�E ó�M�J U E�GL\�û�YmâV_S JL\bM&ó5]�hcY�\5XRK�E U XdK�E e�I7J S � V \ U�V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&ó�N�EHGo\�óQ°4E�ócJ S \ U EHGaJRM�J S Ym¯&N�EHGo` U \�ó�X7\�` S Ym¯ ó�M"ÿ S Ym¯a��/ó?°4E ULUdShcY�E V EHGcû�I7JLK�MON�EHGr=�M&ócJRE�� S�ULV M?`nE U û�E7JLJRE�óQJp]�GRE V M&ó V E,X S G�I7JLY�Nm\bI�]5N�E,i S \ U E�YWó�E�JRE V�V E�GR\�û,` V \�á^X S JL\bM&óS á<ó&N�E U IHNmY�\ U E V E6JRE�û,`�G�N�E�X S�V X7Y V l

�ZM�Y�G S °4M&ó�Go` V Y�GR\bE7Y U G�i�M�\bG�i S \�J U I�i�I U E�ó�XHE S Y�`�K�I�ó�M&û�¿�ó�E6N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bM&ó�N�EHG U IHGdM&ó S ó�XHEHGp]�ó�M�Y�GV g�E�¯m` V \bhQY�M&ó�GPû S \�óQJRE�ó S ócJ S á<óÁN�g \ V�V Y�GLJ U E U `fM�Y U hcY�M�\ V E[X UdS ÿ4M&ó¾XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E±I7°4M V Y�EPN�E&XHE7JLJRE&i S/© M&óK�I7JRI U M��4¿�ó�E�l

â&ã�ä�ågäAæPç�äLèjä�é"êÈ�(���T���T¡"�"�Ó���"Äv (�- S���� (�N�DFE X UdS ÿ4M&óAXHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�]���\bE�ó�hQY�E J U ¿HGZá<ó>ePó�M�J U E,IHXRK�E V�V E[��GRM&ó UdS ÿ4M&ó>EHGLJ6N�E V g�M U N U E,N�E�hcY S J U E

û,\ V�V \�û�¿7J U EHG���I7°4M V Y�EoN�E i S/© M&ó�J U ¿HG�K�I7JRI U M��4¿�ó�E UdS Nm\ S�V E�û�E�ócJpl4��ó,E5�nE7Jp] V_S GLY U i S XHE M�Y V_S k 0x-�< NmY X UdS ÿ4M&óEHGLJ6E�ó�XHM&óQJ S X7J�\�û·û�IHNm\ S J ³ S °4EHX V EKû,\ V \bE7Ywû�MON�I UdS JRE7Y U l5D5E,XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�E�ó�GLY U i S XHE,NmY�X UdS ÿ4M&óAGRE UdSN�M&ó�X�` U \bM U \�J S \ U E�`nM�Y U6S ��GRM U �fE UV EHG ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GZJLK�E U û,\bhcY�EHGjhQY�\�°c\bE�óWó�E�ócJZ` UdS JL\bhcY�E�û�E�óQJjJRM�Y�GZN�E V g�E�¯OâJRI U \bE7Y U NmY�X UdS ÿ4M&ó5]c`�Y�\bGRhcY�EaX�g�EHGLJ N S ó�G V g�E S Y(hQY5g \ V G GREÆû�MON�¿ U E�óQJplo��E7J E5��E7J�GRE UdS � UdS ó�N�E�û�E�óQJ S û,` V \�á^IS Ym¯�I�ó�E U ��\bEHG�N�E U IHGdM&ó S ó�XHEWN�EHGcó�M�ÿ S Ym¯ANmY>XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V E�l�D S á���Y U E&9ml�¢pý U E7` U IHGRE�óQJRE V E,GL`nEHX7J U EHG�E�óI�ó�E U ��\bE�N�EHG ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�GjN S ó�G V E�N�M&û S \�ó�E�N�EHGZI�ó�E U ��\bEHGJLK�E U û,\bhQY�EHGZ`nM�Y U YWó�G�ÿOGLJR¿�û�E�æTK�´�Y S YPN�I7��Y�JN�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó>E7J\ V�V Y�GLJ U E X V_S \ U E�û�E�óQJ V E X U E7Y�GRE�û�E�ócJZ\�û,`nM U J S óQJ�NmYj)�Ym¯�ó�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E S Ym¯PI�ó�E U ��\bEHGU IHGRM&ó S ócJREHGaNmY&` V Y�JRM&ó�\�YWû&l

��E7JLJRENm\��nI U E�ó�XHEZN�E~)�Ym¯ió�E7Y�J U M&ó�\bhcY�E6e6YWó�EI�ó�E U ��\bEN�E U IHGRM&ó S ó�XHEN�g YWóPó�M"ÿ S Y5]mE�ó�ikM&ó�X7JL\bM&ó�N�E V_S` U M�ikM&ó�N�E7Y U N S ó�G V E�X UdS ÿ4M&ó5]�E�¯O` V \bhcY�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bM&óPGL` S JL\ S�V E�û�E�óQJZK�I7JRI U M��4¿�ó�E�NmY�X UdS ÿ4M&ó5l^�_ó�E5��E7Jp] V EHGGREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E8]WX S XHEHG�` U IHGRE�ócJ S óQJ�N�g \�û,`nM U J S óQJREHG U IHGRM&ó S ó�XHEHG�°4M�\bE�óQJ V E7Y U ° S�V E7Y U û�M�ÿ4E�óWó�EoN�g YWó�ETXHM�Y U M&óWó�Ee V g S Y�J U E�NmY[X UdS ÿ4M&ó�° S�U \bE U N�EZi S/© M&ó&J U ¿HGGL\�� ó�\�á^X S JL\�°4EWó�X�g�EHGLJ V g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bM&ó 8 k -�ì ë -/.10 N�EHGGREHX7JL\bM&ó�GE8]WX S XHEHG@û�M"ÿ4E�óWó�EHGp]OhQY�\�E�¯m\bGLJRE1û���û�EhQY S ó�N V_S ` U M�`fM U JL\bM&ó(NmYió�M"ÿ S Y(XHM&ó�GL\bN�I U IaN S ó�G V E�XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V EEHGLJo` S�U JRM�Y�Ja\bN�E�óQJL\bhcY�E�N S ó�G V E�X UdS ÿ4M&ó[XHM&û���Y�GRJL\�� V E�l

ës�ì�����S�G�r�����S�T���������  ��U�l���N���N�À�r�I ³ S�T�+���N���- 2�Dª±����T�I ´�M�Y U�V_S û���û�EZXHM&û,`fM�GR\�JL\bM&ó(NmY�XHM&û���Y�GLJL\�� V EjN S ó�G JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG XHM�Y U M&óWó�EHGTNmY�X UdS ÿ4M&ó>� S Y(N�I7��Y�JTN�E

V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bM&ó���] V EHG5J S � V E S Ym¯19ml~üoE7JV9ml®> U E7` U E�óWó�E�óQJ�hcY�E V hQY�EHG�° S�V E7Y U G�N�E GREHX7JL\bM&ó�G�E8]WX S XHEHG�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG�` S�U¸ idvs¨k�_iL{\«r�<ªí¯�«�ª<i��8i�z�­�«r«�­sîwz��<®w�8­�z~v�ïj¹�ïsi3¨2�r�2zðidvf®�¸���z�ªkz+ñ���v��jª<i�¨<«�­pv�«Uïo��®�i�­�z~ËHv�« «$¨jª<i}Ð���­�­�«íò�¨k�_i�­�ª�ñnid�<«$­�®�«$ó�idv�Ì

­�«wv�¨k�2�8­�ªw�

>��

=/>�?/@n9ml�¢pýOBIF�k 0 ? ì"3x0kôFð ú <�b ÷ 3605<y8C0 ~ 059^ì 7 <Á%¬<nº�9�05<mì"3z+/9 ë m&<�0^-�<nºP�&9�053�J ë 058 7 0d3��B8C+/9:-/9 ? 0 7 � -D4B8C+/3 k ì ë +�97 -/9o8d.I0B8 7 ë � �536059^ì�058 ? +/<y3x+/9�9�0B8 7 < ? 3x-n�;+/9�blõfQA0 ?U? 0 7 � ? +�< k -�JD0�059L�&9�053�J ë 0hu�ö \m÷÷�\m÷�� w � ? 07ìkì�0 7 ë � �53x0&9 ? 0-�ìkì�0 ë 9^ì k 360B8Cm&<o0�<�9&WC- ? ì�05<�3gH;Ñ;ÑDÑ 7 -/9�8{.I0-J/3x+/< k 0 7 0@.�-º3��B8C+/9:-/9 ? 0 7 <,» �3��ø <~-�<Oì,+/<�3 7 0gH;0� u,.I0/%¬<nº0B8�ì|360 k 3 �B8C059�ì_� ë"?Hë�k -/3r<�9 ë ì_� 7 0�.d�7ì¡ð�-/3�J ë 0��a8C+ ë ì dN/dLog(E) w b

ù £ úíû N S ÷�G V EHGZNm\��nI U E\÷cJREHGXHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGjNmY�X UdSSü Mn÷�`nM�Y U Nm\���I U E\÷QJREHG U I S X7JL\bMn÷�GZE7J:÷�M üQS Ym¯[GL\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�i�GN�EHGaN�E7Ym¯?XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V EHGZI7JLY�Nm\bIHGp]�E\÷&i�Mn÷�X7JL\bMn÷[NmY UdSSü Mn÷�E�¯mJRE U ÷�E�N�E V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E�l

R ��� ��þ ������ÿ�Ný^ý��

σ �S� õ"ö�·(n,f) σ ��� õ"ö�·(n,γ) σ ��� õ�¸��(n,γ) σ ��� õ�¸$¹(n,f)%�l®��í�ý ��( ¢&% ý�> 9��9ml|í�ím¢ �A% ¢S9 9�> 9m¢9ml®>�>�ý ��� ¢p� ��> 9��9ml®(�(+9 �m¢ ¢�¢ �+9 ��í9ml %Q��( ¢�> í ¢pí ��(�ml|ý�í�� ¢pý > ¢�( �A%

Í�3�ÎU@í9ml~ükB�� 3x-n�;+/9ÓôFð ø < Ç 8�0 ? ì ë +/9o8�0�  ? - ? 0B8 ~ +n�D059�9�058�uX059t4x-�3B9 w 7 -/9o8r.I0B8 7 ë � �536059^ì�0B8 ? +/<�3z+/9�9�0B87 < ? 3x-n�;+/9� ? -/. ? <y.d�60B8@-/< 7 ��45<Oì 7 0�. � ë 353z- 7 ë -�ì ë +/9ÒE\ý S�U hQY�Mn÷�G hQY�E�N S ÷�G V E(X S G ê­�CÊ ] V E�J S ö V E S Y�9ml®>&N�Mn÷÷�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V_S GdEHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHE�N�E

á^GRGL\bMn÷WNmY�õ"ö�·L´�Y S�V M U G hQY�E�XHE V Y�\�â�X7\"÷5g�EHGLJ�` S G�` U IHGRE\÷QJ�N S ÷�G V EaXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�lOD S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷�N�E V_S GdEHX7JL\bMn÷

>m¢

R ��� ��þ ������ÿ�Ný^ý��

σ ù õ"ö<µ(n,f) σ ù õ"ö<µ(n,γ) σ ù õ"ö�¦(n,γ) σ ��� õ"ö�·(n,f) σ ��� õ�¸��(n,γ)%�l®��í�ý %T9ml|ý íml®> ¢�l®>�� í�( �A%�%9ml|í�ím¢ %Q�ml®> íml®( ¢�l�¢�� í�ý �A%Qý9ml®>�>�ý %Q�ml % íml|ý �ml|í�� íA% �A%D(9ml®(�(+9 %�¢�l~ü íml % �ml®>+9 í+9 �A%Qý9ml %Q��( %D�ml®( íml|� �ml~ü/( ím¢ �A%Q��ml|ý�í�� 9�íml®� >ml®> �ml®(�í >�> �A%Q�

Í 3ØÎr@A9ml®>pB�� 3z-n�;+/9 £ ¤�¥ÓÇ 8C0 ? ì ë +�9o8U0¡  ? - ? 0B8 ~ +n�D059�9�0B8�uX059l4x-�3B9 w 7 -/9o8~.I0B8 7 ë � �536059^ì�0B8 ? +/<y3x+/9�9�0B8 7 <? 3x-n�;+/9� ? -/. ? <y.d�60B8�-/< 7 ��4&<Oì 7 0Q. � ë 353z- 7 ë -4ì ë +/9jb��K0Q9�< ? . ë 7 0 »�¼ � ø <¬9í� 058�ì k -A8 k 3��B8�059^ì 7 -/9�8g.�- ? + ~Qk +A8 ë ì ë +/9ë 9 ë ì ë -/.I0 Ç ë .Ø0B87ì¬-/<mì,+ k 3x+�ì_��JA� k -/3 7 � -/<mì"360B8r9:+n�;-/<+ºLq�3 �B8&+�9:-/9 ? 058PQ»+ ë 8 ë 9�0B8SbE8]WX S XHE/ý�M ü E\÷÷�EoE�¯O\bGLJRE�`nM�Y U J S ÷QJ�E7J(÷�ET`nE7Y�J�` S G �7J U E S JLJ U \ ö Y�IHE�eY÷,E5�nE7J�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷�GL` S JL\ S�V EN�EHG U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG�NmY�õ"ö�·L´�Y GLY U�V Y�\�ý��\ý�E�l���EHX7\�\ V�V Y�GLJ U E V g�E5��E7J�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷?N�g Y÷�EaGREHX7JL\bMn÷(E8]WX S XHEN�g Y÷x÷�M üQS Y�N�Mn÷÷�I6` S�U Y÷�E U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHE�N�g Y÷ S Y�J U Eo÷�M üQS Y5]^hcY�EK÷�M�Y�G�E�¯m` V \bhQY�Mn÷�G:ý S \m÷QJRE\÷ S ÷QJpl

ës�ì�����S�G�r�����S�T���������Ó�Á�d�U�U�Â��ÃI S�������U���a ������U�U�Â�����S���Ò S \bGRMn÷÷�Mn÷�G`fM�Y U Y÷,÷�M üQS Y

xN�Mn÷÷�I�l�µcY�`�`fM�GRMn÷�GjhcY�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷±E8]WX S XHE

σ � (E)N�g Y÷�E U I S X7JL\bMn÷

N�Mn÷÷�IHE�GLY U XHEÁ÷�M üQS Y ` U IHGRE\÷cJRE Y÷�E U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHETe V g�I\÷�E U ��\bEE0lØ� V GRE�`nE7Y�J�hcY5g S Ym¯�E\÷c°c\ U Mn÷�G�N�E

E0E�¯m\bGLJRE

N�Eai S \�J�Y÷?X U E7Y�GRE\ý�E\÷QJ�NmY�GL`nEHX7J U Eφ(E)

XHMný^ý�EjXHMn÷�GRIHhcY�E\÷�XHEjN�E V_S ` U IHGRE\÷�XHE�]mN S ÷�G V Epý��\ý�Efý,\ V \bE7Y5]N�g S Y�J U EHG/÷�M üQS Ym¯ SSüQS ÷QJ�N�EHG U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG�°4M�\bGL\m÷�EHGoN�E V g�I\÷�E U ��\bE

E0lmD�g�E5��E7J�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷ U IHGLY V J S ÷cJ

GLY U V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHEpý�M ü E\÷÷�E6NmY�÷�M üQS Yx]OhQY�\nEHGLJ V_S XHMn÷c°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷ ∫

E σ � (E)φ(E)dE]

GRE UdS ` V Y�G6M�Y�ý�M�\m÷�Gj\mý,`nM U J S ÷QJ�GdE V Mn÷ V E U EHXHM�Y�° U E\ý�E\÷QJ N�E V_S(U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHE,NmY�÷�M üQS YxS °4EHX V_S M�Y V EHG

U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG hcY�\�GRMn÷QJ,e V g�M U \���\m÷�E(NmY�X U E7Y�GRE\ý�E\÷cJ NmYÇ)�Ym¯nl���EWX S G�E�¯O\bGLJRE&ý��\ý�EWGL\ V E^÷�M üQS Yx

÷5g�EHGLJ` S G ë 9 ë ì ë -/.I0 ~ 059^ì ` U IHGRE\÷QJ6N S ÷�G V EIý,\ V \bE7Y�ónG S GdEHX7JL\bMn÷±E8]WX S XHE,GdE UdS hcY S ÷�Nvý��\ý�E S Y�JRM�` U M�JRI7�4IHE�` S�UV_S ` U IHGRE\÷�XHE�N S ÷�G V EKý,\ V \bE7Y[N�g S Y�J U EHG:÷�M üQS Ym¯�e U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHGa°4M�\bGL\m÷�EHGpl

Å S ÷�G V g�E�¯mE\ý,` V E�GLY�G ý�E\÷QJL\bMn÷÷�I,N�Eσ

(n,f)

��� õ"ö�·��X S GjNmY±XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E £�¤�¥�S YPN�I ö Y�J6N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷���]

\ V�ü>S Y÷�IHX S�U J�N�g�E\÷c°c\ U Mn÷�>;§ E\÷QJ U E V_S ° S�V E7Y U�S Y�XHE\÷cJ U E�E7J E\÷A`nI U \�`�K�I U \bE�NmYCX UdS�ü Mn÷»N�E V_S ° S�V E7Y Uý�M ü E\÷÷�E�N�E

σ(n,f)

��� õ"ö�·l���E7J?E5��E7J?N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷½EHGLJ?Nl¶ S Y¾X U E7Y�GdE\ý�E\÷QJ&NmY�)�Ym¯.\m÷�GLJ S Y U I±` S�U�V_S

` U IHGRE\÷�XHEZN�g®õ"ö�¦Rê N S ÷�G V Efý,\ V \bE7Y5]mN�Mn÷QJ V EHG}÷�Mný ö U E7Y�GREHG U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHGTE7J�` U \m÷�X7\�` S�V E\ý�E\÷QJaXHE V�V E6e�E\÷Q°O\ U Mn÷(�E_; ]�GdE U EHXHM�Y�° U E\÷cJ S °4EHX�XHE V�V EHG�NmY õ"ö�· ´�Y N S ÷�G V_S U I7��\bMn÷�N�EHG U IHGdMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG U IHGRM V Y�EHGplDFEHG E�¯�E\ý,` V EHGT` U IHXHIHN�E\÷QJRGT\ V�V Y�GLJ U E\÷cJ V g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷&N�EHG�GdEHX7JL\bMn÷�G�E8]WX S XHEHGTXHMný^ý�EjXHMn÷�GRIHhcY�E\÷�XHE

N�E V g�E�¯m\bGLJRE\÷�XHEZN�g Y÷W� UdS Nm\bE\÷cJ�GL` S JL\ S�V N�E~)�Ym¯�ejY÷�EI\÷�E U ��\bEN�Mn÷÷�IHE�]c\m÷�N�I7`nE\÷�N S ý^ý�E\÷QJoN�g Y÷W� UdS Nm\bE\÷cJN�E�N�E\÷�GR\�JRI�N�EHGs÷�M üQS Ym¯ U IHGRMn÷ S ÷QJRGZN S ÷�G V Eoý,\ V \bE7Y5l�´�M�Y U á�¯�E U�V EHG�\bN�IHEHGp]�÷�M�Y�G U E7� S�U N�Mn÷�Gfý S \m÷QJRE\÷ S ÷QJV E�X S G\m÷c°4E U GRE(ó^Y÷�E GL\�JLY S JL\bMn÷±M��5]feWY÷�E�I\÷�E U ��\bE�N�Mn÷÷�IHE�]fMn÷À÷�E�` U E\÷�N�` S GZE\÷±XHMný,`�JRE�Y÷�� UdS Nm\bE\÷cJ

>��

GL` S JL\ S�V N�E�)�Ym¯¤N S ÷�G V Exý,\ V \bE7Y5l ' á�÷�N�g \ V�V Y�GLJ U E U XHE7JLJRE[GL\�JLY S JL\bMn÷.Mn÷¤`nE7Y�J,` U E\÷�N U E V g�E�¯mE\ý,` V E[N�g Y÷X UdS�ü Mn÷>XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E^÷�Mn÷�N�IHXHM�Y�`fI�]nM��5]f`nM�Y U Y÷�E�I\÷�E U ��\bE�N�Mn÷÷�IHE�]nY÷�E�GRE7Y V E�° S�V E7Y U NmY*)�Ym¯,ý�M ü E\÷N S ÷�G V E�X UdS�ü Mn÷PE�¯O\bGLJRE�l�D5E�X U E7Y�GdE\ý�E\÷QJjNmYp)�Ym¯[N�Eo÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�G S YÂ÷�\�°4E S Y±N�g Y÷�E U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHE�E�¯O\bGLJRE ö \bE\÷E\÷QJRE\÷�NmY5]�ý S \bGaEHGRJa` U \bGaXHMn÷�GRJ S ÷QJjE7JI7� S�V e V_S ° S�V E7Y U ý�M ü E\÷÷�E�NmYp)�Ym¯�e,XHE7JLJRE I\÷�E U ��\bE�`nM�Y U JRM�Y�J V EX UdS�ü Mn÷5l

' á�÷?N�g \ V�V Y�GLJ U E U XHE7JLJRE6GL\�JLY S JL\bMn÷5]l÷�M�Y�GoN�Mn÷÷�Mn÷�G V EHGoGREHX7JL\bMn÷�GoE8]WX S XHEHGsý�M ü E\÷÷�EHGaN�g S ö GdM U `�JL\bMn÷[NmYõ�¸��R´�YaX S�V X7Y V IHEHG�` S�U ù £ úíû N S ÷�G�Y÷ ý,\ V \bE7Y�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E(æTK�´�YAK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E(E\÷AXHMn÷�GL\bN�I UdS ÷cJ Nm\�°4E U GdEHGXHMn÷�XHE\÷QJ UdS JL\bMn÷�GjN�E6` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý&l�D5E6J S ö V E S YÀ9ml|í,N�Mn÷÷�E�XHEHGo° S�V E7Y U G�l

§"´�Yσabs

õ�¸��R´�Y�� ö S�U ÷�G��ý %�¢¢�� �A%¢pý ¢�(

Í�3�ÎU@V9ml|íLB õQ<mì,+ k 3x+�ì�0 ? ì ë +/9�F9:+/9Ë8 k -�ì ë -�.10� 7 0B8�8�0 ? ì ë +/9î0¡  ? - ? 0B8º0&9 ? 3z-n�;+/9»ð2+ ~ + JDi59�0 k +/<�3�ì"3x+ ë 8ì�059�05<�3B8@059 k .«<mì,+/9 ë < ~ 7 ë � �&3x059�ì�0B8�b ø +/<�3 ? ð2-;m&<�0,ì�059�0&<y3�059 k .«<Oì,+/9 ë < ~ .1-�Q»-/.I05<�3 ? +/9o8 ë 7 �53 �60 7 <P%¬<nº7 0�9�05<mì"3z+�9o8&qp<�9�0g�&9�053�J ë 0 7 +/9�9��60�0B87ì k -/37ì,+/<mìg.1- ~WÉ8~ 0 7 -/9o8�.I0 ? 3x-n�;+/9�bV�k� 0 � 07ì 7 � -/<mì,+ k 3x+�ì�0 ? ì ë +/90B8�ì ë�?7ë . ë � 7 ë 3x0 ? ì�0 ~ 059^ìCq�.1- 7 059o8 ë ì_� 7 <º9�+n�;-/<p3��58&+/9:-�9^ì_b

�ZM�Y�G�°4M ü Mn÷�G�N S ÷�G�XHE7JWE�¯�E\ý,` V E?GL\mý,` V E&hcY�E V g�E5��E7JWN�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷�EHGLJ�Nm\ U EHX7JRE\ý�E\÷QJ V \bI&e V_SN�E\÷�GL\�JRI6NmYL÷�M üQS Y U IHGRMn÷ S ÷cJ�` U IHGRE\÷cJpl���Mný^ý�E�e�Y÷�EjI\÷�E U ��\bE6N�Mn÷÷�IHEj\ V ÷5g ü(S ` S GoN�EZ� UdS Nm\bE\÷QJ�GR` S JL\ S�VNmY�)�Ym¯2÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�\bhcY�Ea` U \bG�E\÷�XHMný,`�JREZN S ÷�G V E:ý�McN�¿ V EN�EaX UdSSü Mn÷�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�EZ`nM�Y U X S�V X7Y V E U XHEHG ° S�V E7Y U GN�E�GREHX7JL\bMn÷�GE8]WX S XHEHGp]�Mn÷?`nE7Y�JaNm\ U E�hcY5g \ V Gpg S ��\�J�\bX7\5N�g Y÷[E5��E7J�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷��_÷�Mn÷�GL` S JL\ S�V E� dl

��E7J E5�nE7J-÷5g�E�¯m\bGLJREW` S G�`nM�Y U Y÷ ÷�M üQS YCG S ÷�G U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHGp]Uý��\ý�EWG�g \ V ` U IHGRE\÷cJRE�Y÷�EWi�M U JRE�GdEHX7JL\bMn÷E8]WX S XHEsý�M ü E\÷÷�EaN�g S ö GRM U `�JL\bMn÷5ly�Zg�EHGRJ V EoX S G�NmY ¹�� ��]�N�Mn÷QJ V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷WE8]WX S XHE�N�g S ö GRM U `�JL\bMn÷±�N÷5]α ��EHGRJGLJ U \bX7JRE\ý�E\÷QJTE\÷

1/vlcD5EoJ S ö V E S YL9ml�¢���N�Mn÷÷�EaG S GREHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHE:ý�M ü E\÷÷�EZN�g S ö GRM U `�JL\bMn÷(X S�V X7Y V IHEa`fM�Y U

Nm\��nI U E\÷cJREHG�XHMn÷�XHE\÷QJ UdS JL\bMn÷�GN�EXHE V Y�\�â�X7\5E\÷�XHE V�V Y V EZK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E���N S ÷�GoXHEX S G�] V g�E S Y?NmY�ý�McN�I UdS JRE7Y U ��l�D Si S \ ö V E�° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷AN�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷>E8]WX S XHE2ý�M ü E\÷÷�E�hcY5g�Mn÷>M ö GRE U °4E^÷5g�EHGLJ6` S Gj\bX7\�NmY�E�e(Y÷>hcY�E V XHMn÷�hcY�EE5�nE7J N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷Òý S \bG�e�Y÷CE5�nE7J�N�E�GL`nEHX7J U E&óFe�` V Y�G�� UdS ÷�N�EWXHMn÷�XHE\÷cJ UdS JL\bMn÷»N�E ö M U E�]�ý�M�\m÷�GN�EK÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�Gp] UdS�V E\÷QJL\bGaN S ÷�G V g�E S Y ö M U IHE�]m`nE7Y�` V E U Mn÷QJ V EHGoN�Mný S \m÷�EHG�N�EHG ö S GdGREHGoI\÷�E U ��\bEHGp]�E\÷ S ö S \bGRG S ÷cJS \m÷�GL\ V E���`nM�\bN�G� �N�E V_S ` S�U JL\bE JLK�E U ý,\bhQY�E,NmY±GL`nEHX7J U E N S ÷�G V E�X S�V X7Y V N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHEIý�M ü E\÷÷�E�]` V Y�G�\mý,`nM U J S ÷QJRE S Ym¯�I\÷�E U ��\bEHGaJLK�E U ý,\bhQY�EHGplµc\2]f`nM�Y U ` U \�°O\ V I7��\bE U6V_S X V_S�U JRI�]j÷�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�EHGRG SSü I�N�g�E�¯O`nM�GRE U XHEHGjE5�nE7JRG6N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷AE\÷�Nm\�i¡â

i�I U E\÷�X7\ S ÷cJZN�E7Ym¯?M U \���\m÷�EHG�\mý^ý�IHNm\ S JREHG��¡� UdS Nm\bE\÷QJjGL` S JL\ S�V NmY�)�Ym¯&N�g Y÷�E6` S�U Jp]^Nm\��nI U E\÷cJREHGN�E\÷�GL\�JRIHGNmY÷�M üQS Y U IHGRMn÷ S ÷cJjN�g Y÷�E S Y�J U E���]nN S ÷�G V_SWU I S�V \�JRI N�EHGXdK�M�GREHGp]�\ V GXHMOE�¯O\bGRJRE\÷QJ6e�JRM�Y�Jpý�Mný�E\÷QJ6E7JG�g S Y�JRM�âE\÷QJ U E7JL\bE\÷÷�E\÷cJpl�Åj¿HG V EHGF` U E\ý,\bE U G5\m÷�GLJ S ÷cJRGFNmY�GdI ² M�Y U E\÷�XHçjY U N�g Y÷�I V I\ý�E\÷QJ�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�]�X�g�EHGLJ5N�g S ö M U N

>+9

Cb�¡`�`ý��

σabs¹�� �Î� ö S�U ÷�G��

¢������ (�(������� (�ý9������ (+9

Í��ØÎr@+9ml�¢��/B1F 0 ? ì ë +/9p0¡  ? - ? 0 ~ +n�D059�9�0 7 � -D4B8C+/3 k ì ë +/9 7 <���� ! u,<�9�9:+n�;-/<��"0&9 1/v w Ç 8&-/9�8|3 �B8&+/9�-/9 ? 0B8��k -/8 7 � -/<mì,+ k 3x+�ì�0 ? ì ë +/9 Ç .�- 7 ëN~ ë 9�<mì ë +�9 7 0�.�-p8C0 ? ì ë +/9�0¡  ? - ? 0 ~ +n�D059�9�0�0B87ì 7 <�0gqp<�9S0 � 07ì/J/.1+D4x-/. 7 08 k 0 ? ì"360 7 -/9o8�.I0 ~ + 7 �53x-�ì�05<�33�^m&< ë 8C0 7 <�3 ?7ë ì|.�+/3B8&mC<V� +/9$-/<+J ~ 059^ì�0h.1- k 3x+ k +�3�ì ë +/9 7 0�4x+/360SbV g�E5��E7JN�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷AGR` S JL\ S�V N�EHG U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHGjNmYPXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�hQY�\ - ~ +/3 ? 0 Y÷�E I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�GL` S JL\ S âV E\ý�E\÷cJK�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E NmYPX UdSSü Mn÷PXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�l ' Y�XHM�Y U GZN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5]�XHEHGf÷�M üQS Ym¯ �Nq�3 �B8&+/9�-/9 ? 0� E7JV E7Y U GjN�EHGRXHE\÷�N S ÷cJRG6°4Mn÷QJ�N�Mn÷�X��7J U E�XHMn÷�GRMný^ý�IHG6E7J6X U IHIHG S °4EHX,N�EHGZJ S Ym¯PhcY�\�`fE7Y�°4E\÷cJr�7J U E�J U ¿HG6Nm\���I�âU E\÷cJRG S Y[XHE\÷cJ U E�E7JaE\÷[GRY U i S XHE�NmY�X UdS�ü Mn÷5]�\m÷�GRJ S Y UdS ÷QJ S \m÷�GR\5Y÷&� UdS Nm\bE\÷QJjGL` S JL\ S�V N�E�N�E\÷�GL\�JRI6`nM�Y U XHEHG÷�M üQS Ym¯nlD�g�E5�nE7J�GLY UjV_S N�E\÷�GL\�JRI,N�g Y÷�÷�M üQS YAN�Mn÷÷�I,GRE UdS ` V Y�G�M�Y ý�M�\m÷�G6\mý,`nM U J S ÷QJ�GRE V Mn÷�hcY�E,XHE V Y�\�â�X7\�EHGLJ

` U IHGRE\÷cJ�M�YI÷�Mn÷�N�¿HG V E�N�I7` S�U J�N S ÷�G V E XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�l�´�M�Y U�V EHGU÷�M üQS Ym¯�ikE U JL\ V EHG�NmY�X ü X V E�]pK S ö \�JLY�E V�V E\ý�E\÷QJ` U IHGRE\÷cJRG�e�` V Y�G6N�E�í��;§ E\÷ ÷�M üQS Ym¯ V M�Y U N�G���N S ÷�G V EHG U I S X7JRE7Y U G�I V EHX7J U M��4¿\÷�EHG��ZXHE7J6E5��E7JjN�E � UdS Nm\bE\÷cJGRE UdSZV \mý,\�JRI�lc´�M�Y U Y÷2÷�M üQS Y(hQY�\ - k;k -/3x-nw�ì `fE\÷�N S ÷cJ V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5] V g�E5�nE7J GLY U G S N�E\÷�GL\�JRIN S ÷�G V EoX UdSSü Mn÷GRE UdS ö \bE\÷�E\÷cJRE\÷�NmY ö E S Y�XHM�Y�`�` V Y�G�GL\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�iL]�`�Y�\bGRhcY�E V E�� UdS Nm\bE\÷QJ(GL` S JL\ S�V N�E?N�E\÷�GL\�JRI[GRE UdS�S�V M U GS ÷ S�V M���Y�E S Y�� UdS Nm\bE\÷QJTGL` S JL\ S�V NmY�J S Ym¯�N�EX U I S JL\bMn÷&÷�E7J�N�E�XHEs÷�M üQS Y�N S ÷�G V E�X UdSSü Mn÷5l���EHX7\�EHGRJ�N�I7J S \ V�V I` S�UoV_S GRY�\�JRE�l

¿f¢ �AÄ �r�N�I ����N���� ��S�����������d�NÄ �U����&���c�N�l���F�K�(�È�UÃA���"�U�U�o�"� �A� ���������"�r���4 &�(�È�����T¡"��� �T�"Äv r�� &H���N (���B ��������ì�4 �����Ät�l���N�"� �r�À���d�N�����A���S���N���Â�S���S���/�Á�d�U�Ó���c¡"����é

�ZM�Y�G S�V�V Mn÷�G�ý S \m÷QJRE\÷ S ÷QJ�°4M�\ U hcY�E�N S ÷�G�XHE U J S \m÷�EHGFGL\�JLY S JL\bMn÷�G�hQY�\4N�I7`nE\÷�N�E\÷QJ�NmY�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E hcY5g�Mn÷GL\mý�Y V E�E7JjN�EHGaM ö GRE U ° S ö V EHGjhQY5g�Mn÷PN�IHGL\ U E�I7° S�V Y�E U ] V E�J UdS \�JRE\ý�E\÷QJj` U M ö S ö \ V \bGLJRE,eWI\÷�E U ��\bE�XHMn÷cJL\m÷QY�E�N�EHGGL\mý�Y V_S JL\bMn÷�G�=PMn÷QJRE*� S�ULV M>`nE U ý�E7JWN�E&GRE�` S GRGdE U N�g Y÷.N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E[NmYÁX UdS�ü Mn÷ÁXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E V M U GWNmYX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5l��M�Y�G\ V�V Y�GLJ U Mn÷�GZXHEHX7\�E\÷�` U E\÷ S ÷QJ6N�EHGE�¯�E\ý,` V EHGjN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�X S�V X7Y V IHE `fM�Y UV EHGN�E7Ym¯�J ü `fEHGN�E�XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E ² Y�GRhcY5g|e ` U IHGRE\÷QJZI7JLY�Nm\bIHGp] £ ¤�¥ E7JaæTK�´�Y5l:�M�Y�GaXHMný,` S�U Mn÷�G V EHG U IHGLY V J S JRGM ö JRE\÷cY�G ��-+QA0 ? 7 � ? +/< k -SJD0 7 < ? 3x-n�;+/9� ��XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷�K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E��e�XHE7Ym¯&X S�V X7Y V IHG �I8C-/9o8 7 � ? +/< k -SJD0���XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E���l

Å S ÷�G V E[X S G £ ¤�¥ ÷�M�Y�G^÷�M�Y�G�\m÷cJRI U EHGRGRMn÷�G�e V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷ÁN�E�J U M�\bG2÷�M üQS Ym¯.E\÷¤` S�U JL\bX7Y V \bE U óaõ"ö<µwêõ"ö�¦ ê ]�E7J õ�¸�� ´�YFla��EHG^÷�M üQS Ym¯�GRMn÷QJ,` U \bG,\bX7\�XHMný^ý�E[E�¯mE\ý,` V E&X S�U \ V GWGRMn÷QJp]�`nM�Y U,V EHG�N�E7Ym¯»` U E\ý,\bE U Gp]ý S�² M U \�J S \ U E\ý�E\÷QJ�` U IHGRE\÷QJRG N S ÷�G V E�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E £ ¤�¥ l5D5EHG�N�E7Ym¯>N�E U ÷�\bE U G�GRMn÷QJp]5hcY S ÷QJ e�E7Ym¯n]5XHE7Ym¯hcY�\�` U IHGRE\÷QJRE\÷cJ N�EHG�GdEHX7JL\bMn÷�G�E8]WX S XHEHG e U IHGdMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG�` S�U JL\bX7Y V \b¿ U E\ý�E\÷QJT\mý,`nM U J S ÷QJREHG�ke�E\÷Q°O\ U Mn÷�(jE<;ÎE7J

>A%

¢E_; U EHGL`nEHX7JL\�°4E\ý�E\÷QJ�� E7JTN�Mn÷QJTMn÷(Gpg S JLJRE\÷�N�e�°4M�\ U�V EHGTE5�nE7JRG�N�E V g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷&GL` S JL\ S�V E V EHG ` V Y�Ga) S â� UdS ÷QJRGpl��ZM�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�N�I ² e�I7J S ö V \�hcY�EaXHEaGRMn÷QJ�XHEHG E5��E7JRG�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷?hcY�\^\m÷�NmY�\bGRE\÷cJ�Y÷�EaI7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷GL` S JL\ S�V E\ý�E\÷QJaK�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E6NmY�X UdSSü Mn÷5l^µc\nY÷�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E6NmY?X UdSSü Mn÷&N�M�\�JTGdE U I7°4I V E U \m÷�Nm\bGL`nE\÷�G S ö V E6e V_Sö Mn÷÷�E�GL\mý�Y V_S JL\bMn÷PN�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5]^Mn÷&Gpg S JLJRE\÷�N[e�M ö GdE U °4E U N�g \mý,`fM U J S ÷cJREHGNm\���I U E\÷�XHEHG�GLY UoV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷N�E6XHEHG/÷�M üQS Ym¯?GRE V Mn÷&hcY5g�E V�V E6GRM�\�J�i S \�JREjE\÷&XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷&K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�M�Y?E\÷&XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷&K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�l

��EHG�J U M�\bGP÷�M üQS Ym¯�GRMn÷QJ ` U IHGRE\÷cJRG S Y»N�I ö Y�J�N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷¤e[N�EHG�` U M�`nM U JL\bMn÷�G J U ¿HG�Nm\���I U E\÷QJREHG�lÅ S ÷�G V E�X S�V X7Y Ví£ ¤�¥ óQí�(ml�9;§ `nM�Y U�V g®õ"ö�¦Rê ]T9ml~ü�§$`fM�Y U�V g®õ"ö<µRê E7JTej` U M�`fM U JL\bMn÷g÷QY V�V E`fM�Y U�V Egõ�¸��R´�Y�l���EHGNm\��nI U E\÷cJREHGa` U M�`nM U JL\bMn÷�G°4Mn÷QJ:÷�M�Y�Ga`fE U ý�E7JLJ U E�N�Eoý�E7JLJ U E�` V Y�GX V_S \ U E\ý�E\÷QJjE\÷[I7°O\bN�E\÷�XHE V g \mý,`fM U J S ÷�XHEhQY5g S,V g \m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U E�\m÷�\�JL\ S�V NmYÂ÷�M üQS Y[XHMn÷�XHE U ÷�I�GRY UoV g K�I7JRI U M��4I\÷�I7\�JRI�N�E6GRMn÷�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷[N S ÷�G V E6X UdSSü Mn÷5l´�M�Y U XHEHG�J U M�\bG}÷�M üQS Ym¯n] V EHG�á���Y U EHG/9ml�¢�(m]A9ml�¢�ü�E7JÁ9ml�¢�>m] U E7` U IHGRE\÷QJRE\÷cJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷(GLY�\�° S ÷QJ V E 45<�359�< k

N�EHG6GREHX7JL\bMn÷�G6E8]WX S XHEHGoý�M ü E\÷÷�EHG�NmY±` U \m÷�X7\�` S�V ý�McN�E�N�E�Nm\bGL` S�U \�JL\bMn÷ S \m÷�GL\�hcY�E V E7Y U N�E\÷�GR\�JRI1ý�M V_S \ U E`fM�Y UaV EHG�Nm\��nI U E\÷cJREHGaXHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGZNmY&X UdS�ü Mn÷PXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�l

ÓP�W &�r�������5ò �r���- 2�N�,�T�"Äv r�� ����N (���,z����D S á���Y U Ek9ml�¢�(Iý�Mn÷QJ U E�hcY�E V_S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷[E\÷QJ U E V_S GdEHX7JL\bMn÷[E8]WX S XHE�N�EZá^GRGL\bMn÷&N�E V g õ"ö<µ ê °OY�Ej` S�U�V_S

XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E,E�¯OJRE U ÷�E�EHGLJjE\÷Q°O\ U Mn÷�¢��;§ ` V Y�Gj\mý,`fM U J S ÷cJRE,hQY�E V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHEIý�M ü E\÷÷�E°cY�E�` S�U�V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E�\m÷QJRE U ÷�E NmY�X UdSSü Mn÷PE7JahcY�E�XHE7JZIHX S�U J U EHGLJRE�e,`fE7Y�` U ¿HGaXHMn÷�GLJ S ÷cJ`nE\÷�N S ÷QJJRM�Y�JREV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5l:�ZM�Y�GaXHMn÷�GRJ S JRMn÷�GE5��EHX7JL\�°4E\ý�E\÷QJZY÷[IHX S�U JN�EW¢��;§ÚGLY UoV_S N�E\÷�GL\�JRI�N�g õ"ö<µ ê E\÷QJ U E�XHEHGaN�E7Ym¯XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHG6E\÷Pá�÷PN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5lK��E7JjIHX S�U JK÷5g S XHE7`nE\÷�N S ÷QJ6` UdS JL\bhcY�E\ý�E\÷QJ S Y�X7Y÷�E \m÷2)�Y�E\÷�XHE�GLY UZV g \m÷mâ°4E\÷QJ S \ U EWJRM�J S�V N�g õ"ö<µ ê*` S�U6UdS `�`nM U J S Y>X S GjK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E&ó V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E�E�¯mJRE U ÷�E,EHGLJ6GLYl]WG S ý^ý�E\÷QJ�á�÷�E`fM�Y U ÷�E�XHMn÷�XHE U ÷�E U hcY�E�`nE7Y[N�E-÷�M üQS Ym¯�E7J V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U E,N�g õ"ö<µ ê \m÷�\�JL\ S�V EHGLJGLYl]WG S ý^ý�E\÷QJZ� UdS ÷�N[`nM�Y UhQY�EjXHE7JTIHX S�U JoE\÷(N�E\÷�GL\�JRIjGRM�\�J�JRM�J S�V E\ý�E\÷QJC÷�I7� V \��4E S ö V E6E\÷�XHEjhQY�\nXHMn÷�XHE U ÷�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷&N�E V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EJRM�J S�V ]^GRMný^ý�E6GRY U JRM�Y�JREHG V EHG�XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGZNmY&X UdS�ü Mn÷5l

ÓP�W &�r������ 5ò �r���- 2�N�,�T�"Äv r�� ����N (���,z����´ U E\÷�Mn÷�G ` S�U E�¯mE\ý,` V E V EWX S G N�E V g õ"ö�¦ ê E\÷�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E £ ¤�¥ lØ� V EHGRJPý S�² M U \�J S \ U E\ý�E\÷QJ,` U IHGRE\÷cJ

N S ÷�G V E?XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�N�¿HG V E?N�I ö Y�Jpl�D�g®õ"ö�¦dê Nm\bGL` S�UdS §bJ&ý S�² M U \�J S \ U E\ý�E\÷QJ(` S�U X S `�JLY U E UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4E�lTµ SGREHX7JL\bMn÷&E8]WX S XHEKý�M ü E\÷÷�E�N�E6X S `�JLY U E UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4E6° S�U \bEZ`nM�Y U J S ÷QJ�GL\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�°4E\ý�E\÷cJ S Y&GRE7\m÷?NmY?X UdS�ü Mn÷N�Eo` U EHGRhcY�EoY÷,i S X7JRE7Y U 96E\÷cJ U E V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E\m÷QJRE U ÷�EE7J�E�¯OJRE U ÷�EaXHMný^ý�Es÷�M�Y�G V g S °4Mn÷�G�` U IHGdE\÷QJRIaN S ÷�G V EJ S ö V E S YÀ9ml®>�E7JoXHMný^ý�E V g \ V�V Y�GLJ U E V_S á���Y U EP9ml�¢�üOl�D S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷ U E V_S JL\�°4E�E\÷?N�E\÷�GL\�JRI6N S ÷�G V EHGoXHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGE\÷ ö M U N�E7J S Y(XHE\÷QJ U EaNmY(X UdS�ü Mn÷g÷5g�EHGLJ�XHE7`nE\÷�N S ÷QJThQY�E�N�Ef9;§(l���Mný,`�JRE�JRE\÷cY�hcY�EaXHEHG�XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGO÷5g�Mn÷cJ` S G V E�ý��\ý�E�°4M V Yý�E�] V_S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷�N�E V g \m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U E[JRM�J S�V N�E V g õ"ö�¦ ê EHGLJ,XHMný,` V ¿7JRE\ý�E\÷QJ2÷�I7� V \��4E S ö V EE\÷QJ U E V E6X S�V X7Y V K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�E7J�K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�l

>�ý

hdi\Ë õ"ö<µ"! Ï< σf > (r, t)

hmÐ+Ë õ"ö<µ ! Ï�¯�«$­�ªkz�¨2�ρ(r, t)

=/>N?O@(9ml�¢�(xB#� + ~ 4&<D87ì ë 45.I0 £ ¤�¥ � ? -/8 7 0�. � »�¼ #T½ Ç u�- w �8Q»+/.«<Oì ë +/9 7 0�.�-j8�0 ? ì ë +/9î0¡  ? - ? 0 ~ +n�D059�9�0 7 0À 8B8 ë +/9n0HìguX4 w J/3z- 7 ë 0&9^ìd0&9 7 059o8 ë ì_� ~ +�.�- ë 360�� ? +/<�3x+/9�9�0 k -�3 ? +/<�3z+�9�9�0 7 < ? 3z-n�;+/9jb

>�(

ÓP�W &�(�$��%'&B¨P� �r���- g���À���"Äv (�- S���� (�N�Âz(���Å S ÷�G V E6XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E £ ¤�¥>V Erõ�¸��d´�Y EHGLJoX U IHIj` S�U X S `�JLY U E UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4E�GLY UoV E�õ"ö�·R´�Y�] V Y�\íý��\ý�E6X U IHI

` S�U X S `�JLY U E�GRY UoV g õ"ö�¦ ê E7JaN�IHX U M�\bGdG S ÷�XHEHGβGLY�XHXHEHGdGL\�°4EHG�ó

õ"ö�· ´�Y (n,γ)→

õ�¸�� ´�Y (n,γ)→

õ�¸$¹ ´�Y ��9ml�¢��D5E õ�¸�� ´�Y EHGLJ V E-÷�M üQS Y�? ð�-/359 ë i53x0 E\÷QJ U E V EHGaN�E7Ym¯[X S `�JLY U EHG UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4EHGjhQY�\ ý�¿\÷�E\÷cJ6NmY õ"ö�· ´�Y S Y

õ�¸$¹r´�Y�]n÷�M üQS Ym¯�á^GdGL\ V EHG�\mý,`nM U J S ÷QJRG�N�Mn÷cJ V EHG�GREHX7JL\bMn÷�G�E8]WX S XHEHG�N�E U I S X7JL\bMn÷(n, γ)

` U IHGRE\÷cJRE\÷QJ N�g \mý,`nM U âJ S ÷QJREHG U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHEHG�N S ÷�G V E�N�Mný S \m÷�E�N�g�I\÷�E U ��\bE�JLK�E U ý,\bhcY�E�l5D5EHGjJ S Ym¯�N�E X U I S JL\bMn÷�E7JjN�E,N�EHGRJ U Y�X7JL\bMn÷NmY õ�¸�� ´�Yo°4Mn÷cJN�Mn÷�X�XdK S ÷��4E UaUdS Nm\ S�V E\ý�E\÷cJ S Y[GRE7\m÷&NmY�X UdS�ü Mn÷�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�N�EZi S/© Mn÷[GL\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�°4E�]�E7JN�g S Y�J S ÷QJT` V Y�G�hQY�E V EHG GREHX7JL\bMn÷�G�E8]WX S XHEHG�N�EHG�\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG�NmYW` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý ÷�EaGRE U Mn÷cJ ` S G S Y�JRM�` U M�JRI7�4IHEHG S YN�I ö Y�JN�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷PX S�U e�XHEoý�Mný�E\÷QJZXHE7JaI V I\ý�E\÷QJf÷5g�EHGLJo` S G�E\÷�XHM U E�X U IHI�N S ÷�G V E6XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E�lD S á���Y U Ep9ml�¢�>Pý�Mn÷QJ U EZhcY5g�E5�nEHX7JL\�°4E\ý�E\÷cJTMn÷�XHMn÷�GLJ S JREaY÷(IHX S�U J�N�Ea` V Y�G�N�Ef9��;§ E\÷QJ U E V EHG GdEHX7JL\bMn÷�G

E8]WX S XHEHGxý�M ü E\÷÷�EHG[N�EPX S `�JLY U E UdS Nm\ S JL\�°4E�X S�V X7Y V IHEHG[N S ÷�G V EHG?XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHG?\m÷QJRE U ÷�EHG&E7J?E�¯mJRE U ÷�EHG?NmYX UdS�ü Mn÷5l�D�g�IHX S�U JZ\m÷�NmY�\�J6GLY UaV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�N�E V_S N�E\÷�GL\�JRI S JLJRE7\m÷QJj` U EHGRhcY�E�Y÷[i S X7JRE7Y U �WE\÷QJ U E V_S N�E\÷�GR\�JRINmYnõ�¸��L´�Y N S ÷�G V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E�E�¯OJRE U ÷�E�E7J V_S N�E\÷�GL\�JRI�NmYnõ�¸��R´�Y N S ÷�G V_S XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�E XHE\÷QJ UdS�V E�l ��E7JZIHX S�U JE\÷[N�E\÷�GL\�JRI�EHGRJ�GLYl]WG S ý^ý�E\÷QJa\mý,`fM U J S ÷cJa`nM�Y U �7J U E�XHMn÷�GLJ S JRI�N S ÷�G V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U E�JRM�J S�V NmY õ�¸�� ´�Y GRE V Mn÷hQY5g�Mn÷�N�IHXHM�Y�`nE V EX UdS�ü Mn÷�M�Y�` S GplcD S á���Y U EK9ml�¢píPý�Mn÷QJ U EZhQY�EGLY U�V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷?N�E V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EjJRM�J S�V N�EXHEo÷�M üQS Y5] V EHG�X S GaK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�E7J�K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�GRE6Nm\��nI U E\÷�X7\bE\÷cJ`nM�Y US JLJRE7\m÷�N U E�Y÷[IHX S�U JaN�E�¢��;§ E\÷?á�÷N�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5l�ÒE\ý S�U hQY�Mn÷�G�hQY�E V EHG�E5��E7JRG�N�E�XHE7JLJRE�K�I7JRI U M��4I\÷�I7\�JRIg÷�E�GRMn÷cJ�°O\bGL\ ö V EHG�GLY U�V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EJRM�J S�V hQY5g|e�` S�U JL\ U N�g Y÷�\m÷�GLJ S ÷cJ�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5] V M U GRhcY�E V E,XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E S Y UdS XHMn÷÷QYAY÷�E�\ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷GLYl]WG S ÷cJRE�l

ÓP�W &�(�$��%'&B¨P� �r���- g���À���"Äv (�- S���� (�N�,.*)بP�D S GL\�JLY S JL\bMn÷�EHGLJ�J U ¿HG�Nm\��nI U E\÷cJRE�E\÷�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�æTK�´�Y M�� V g�Mn÷�Gpg S JLJRE\÷�N�e S °4M�\ U N�EHGFXHMn÷�XHE\÷QJ UdS JL\bMn÷�G

\m÷�\�JL\ S�V EHG N�Ea` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý N�E V g�M U N U EaN�E V_S Nm\1� S \m÷�EaN�Eo`nM�Y U XHE\÷QJTE\÷2ý S GRGREaNmY�XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E�lcD5EHG�\bGRM�JRM�`nEHGN�E�` V Y�JRMn÷�\�YýßGRE U Mn÷QJ S�V M U G V EHG�` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯ U EHGL`fMn÷�G S ö V EHG�N�EHG�E5��E7JRG�N�g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷WhcY�\mNm\���I U E\÷�X7\bE\÷QJV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷>NmY�X UdS�ü Mn÷5lØó1� Õ �N�4 À ��T�+���N�"�� L�;ªu������I x�r�I x� S�G�S�G���4 ��(� �(�N���S�"�r���UÄ  S�A���������rÃ,+.-��� �S�"�U�����SÃy�GÃA�I P�r��k�N�x�r��Ã4 S�A�U���g�U�2�T�&�r�T�n�U�N�T�P��Ö4 P�N�2�UÃA r���-�r�&���m�N������(�N�l���N�"�0/ ���mÃ��"����� ���N�"��U�v�N�A�U�F K S�A�+���N�"�� ^�;ª±�T����I �Ät�c¡"�c�U�U�I 1�����T�,�N�,�S��� ¢ �r�Â���"Äv (�- S�������� S�A���  ��A����������� �r���� �U�����T�^l�D S á���Y U EP9ml|���1ý�Mn÷QJ U E�XHEHX7\2lD S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷±E\÷±N�E\÷�GL\�JRI�EHGLJ` V Y�GGR\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�°4E�`nM�Y UaV EHGZXHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGjE�¯OJRI U \bE7Y U EHG�ó�Mn÷ U E7J U M�Y�°4E \bX7\

Y÷�ET\ V�V Y�GLJ UdS JL\bMn÷WN�E V g�E5��E7J�N�ET`fE S Y5l�D5E/ý�MON�¿ V EoN�ETX UdS�ü Mn÷�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E U E7` U MONmY�\�J�Y÷�ET° S�V E7Y U N�E�N�E\÷�GR\�JRIý�M ü E\÷÷�E,GLY U JRM�Y�J V E�X UdSSü Mn÷�hQY�\ U E\÷�N ö \bE\÷PXHMný,`�JRE�N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷>N�E V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U E,JRM�J S�V ]nXHMný^ý�E V Eý�Mn÷QJ U E V_S á���Y U E^9ml|�m¢�l5µcY UZV g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U E,JRM�J S�V NmY$õ�¸��L´�YF]fMn÷ ÷5g�M ö GRE U °4E ` S GjN�g�IHX S�U J�GL\��+÷�\�á^X S JL\�i�E\÷cJ U E

>4ü

V EHG�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�E5�nEHX7JLY�IHEHG S °4EHX�E7J�G S ÷�G�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�NmY&X UdSSü Mn÷5lDFEHG�J S ö V E S Ym¯ 9ml�¢�¢�E7J&9ml�¢p��N�Mn÷÷�E\÷QJp]�`nM�Y U�V EHG�` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯ S X7JL\m÷�\bN�EHGWN�E?XRK S hcY�E�J ü `fE�N�E�XHMný�â

ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E £ ¤�¥ E7JZæTK�´�Y5] V_S ° S�V E7Y U GjN�EHG6IHX S�U JRG6XHMn÷�GLJ S JRIHG6GLY UZV g \m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U E(eWN�EHGj° S�V E7Y U GjNmY±J S Ym¯PN�EXHMný ö Y�GLJL\bMn÷[E\÷(á�÷?N�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5]^E\÷QJ U E V EHGoX S�V X7Y V GaX UdS�ü Mn÷&K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E6E7J�X UdSSü Mn÷?K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�l�µcY U XHEHGJ S ö V E S Ym¯ ÷�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�\m÷�X V Y�Gp]�N S ÷�G V_S XHM V Mn÷÷�E,\m÷cJL\�JLY V IHE ��� ? -/37ìQ8�ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<�0� ] V EHG6° S�V E7Y U G�N�EHG6\m÷�XHE U JL\�âJLY�N�EHGTGLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EHGoe�XHE7JLJREZ° S�V E7Y U NmY�J S Ym¯�N�EjXHMný ö Y�GLJL\bMn÷&I7° S�V Y�IHEHG�` U IHXHIHN�E\ý^ý�E\÷cJaE\÷(X S�V X7Y V X UdSSü Mn÷K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�l

1 ' 2 I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E��¡�c� 2 Mný�M��4¿\÷�EW�¡�c� IHX S�U J E ULU E7Y U GRJ S JL\bGLJL\bhQY�E�Áý �A%Qý ¢�] %4��â��+9 ¢�]|����â��+9 ¢�¢�] %y§ 9m]®�;§�Áý �A%�% �m]®(���â���� �m] %4��â���� ím]®�;§ �m]|�;§�Áý �A%T9 9m]®>���â��A% 9m] %4��â��A% ¢��m]|ý;§ ¢�]|�;§�Áý �A%Q� �m]®����â���� ¢�]®>���â���� >m]|í;§ �m]®>;§' ý �A%T9 ím]~ü���â���� >m]®>���â���� ím]�9;§ ¢�]®>;§' ý �A%Q�43 ¢�]®>���â��+9 ¢�]~ü���â��+9 >m] %y§ �m]|í;§' ý �A%�¢ ým]®����â���� %�]~ü���â���� (m] %y§ �m]~ü�§´�Y �A%Q� ým] %4��â��m¢ ým]®����â��m¢ ím]|�;§ �m]~ü�§´�Y �A%�¢ �m]�¢H��5­��� �m]®����5­��� (m]®�;§ �m]|í;§´�Y �A%D� 9m]®����5­��� 9m]�9���5­��� âd¢��m]�¢�§ �m]®>;§´�Y �+9�í ¢�]�¢H��5­�m¢ ¢�]|����5­�m¢ âr�m]®�;§ �m] %y§´�Y �+9�> ¢�]|í���â��m¢ ¢�]|í���â��m¢ ¢�]®�;§ ¢�]|�;§�` �+94ü (m]|í���â��m¢ (m]®>���â��m¢ ¢�]|ý;§ ¢�]|�;§ê �+9�> ¢�]®(���5­�+9 ¢�]®(���5­�+9 �m]®�;§ �m]®�;§ê �+94ü ¢�]|í���â���� ¢�]®>���â���� %�]®(;§ �m]|ý;§ê �+9�( üO]|ý���5­��� üO]|ý���5­��� â��m]®(;§ �m]|�;§ê �+9�ý �m]�¢H��5­�m¢ �m]�¢H��5­�m¢ �m]�9;§ �m]�¢�§ê �+9A% 9m]|ý���â��+9 9m]®(���â��+9 âr�m]®�;§ ¢�]|�;§

Í��ØÎr@9ml�¢�¢CB6� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.10 £ ¤�¥ Ç � ? -/3�ì�8r+D4B8�0538Q��B8Pq�ÐyÑ Ö^� R E ì 7 -/9o8U.�� 0B87ì ë�~ -�ì ë +/9 7 0B8 ë 9�Q/059^ì,- ë 3x058 7 058- ? ì ë 9 ë 7 0B8 ~�ë 9�05<�3N8{059 ? -/. ? <�. ? 05.F.«<�.10 £ ¤�¥ b � + ~Qk -/3x- ë 8&+/9 7 < ? -/. ? <y. ù £ úíû 059 ? 3z-+��+�9�ð�7ì_�53x+ JDi59�0�07ì059 ? 3x-n�;+/9»ð�+ ~ +3JDi59�0SbÁ� - 7 05359 ë i5360 ? +/.1+/9�9�0 7 +/9�9�0�. � 05353605<y3�8�ì,-4ì ë 87ì ë m&<�0p0B87ì ë�~ �60 k 3 � ? � 7 0 ~1~ 059^ì�85<y3? ð2-;m&<�0h9:+n�;-/<j059 ? -/. ? <�.5ð�+ ~ +3JDi59�0Sb

>�>

hdi8Ë õ"ö�¦'! Ï< σ(n,γ) >

h��L¹ ¨�Ë

hmÐ+Ë õ"ö�¦ ! Ïn¯�«�­�ªkz�¨2�ρ(r, t)

=/>�?/@(9ml�¢�üLB#� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0 £ ¤�¥ � ? -A8 7 0�. � »�¼$¾ ½ Ç uX- w . � ëN~Qk +/37ì,-/9 ? 0 7 0�.1-*3 �B8&+/9�-/9 ? 0xq87��97;:º0�ã-�<AÉì,+ k 3x+�ì�i�JD0p8&-j8�0 ? ì ë +/9î0¡  ? - ? 0 7 0 ? - k ì"<�3x0º3x- 7 ë -�ì ë Q/0nu ~ + 7 0 7 0 7 ë 8 k -/3 ë ì ë +/9 7 0�. � »�¼$¾ ½ w q 7 0B8�Q»-/.I05<�3N8m&< ë 8�� � ? -/37ì�059^ì 7 0 k .«<D8 7 � <�92WC- ? ì�05<�31`j-/< ? 059^ì"360�07ìg059 k �&3 ë}k ðl�53 ë 0 7 < ? 3x-n�;+/9�u ? W Ç ì,-D45.I0x-/<$Ðcbd� w b��K-Q»-/3 ë -4ì ë +/9�3605.1-�ì ë Q/0�059 7 059o8 ë ì_�g9j� 0B87ì ? 0 k 059 7 -/9�ìm&<o0 7 0gÐ��-b � 0 ?7ë 0B87ì 7�< q�. � ë�~Qk +/37ì,-/9 ? 0 7 0Q.�� ë 9GQA059^ì,- ë 360ë 9 ë ì ë -/.dbauz4 w �P� �8Q»+�.q<mì ë +�9 7 <�J/3z- 7 ë 0&9^ìd0&9 7 059o8 ë ì_� 7 0�.�� »�¼$¾ ½ � ? +/<�3x+/9�9�0 k -�3 ? +/<�3z+�9�9�0 7 < ? 3z-n�;+/9jb

>�í

hdi\Ë õ�¸�� �^vtÏ< σ(n,γ) > (r, t)

hmÐ+Ë õ�¸�� ��vtÏ�¯�«$­�ªkz�¨2�ρ(r, t)

=/>N?O@n9ml�¢�>sB�� + ~ 45<D87ì ë 4&.10 £ ¤�¥ � ? -A8 7 < » �3� ø < Ç �8Q»+/.«<mì ë +/9 7 <-J/3x- 7 ë 059^ìØ0&9 7 059�8 ë ì_� 7 < » �3� ø <:bA�Ø0d9:+n�;-/<» � � ø <g0B87ì ? 3��3�h07ì ? +/9o8&+ ~I~ �Pq�.�-CW&+ ë 8U-nQ/0 ? 7 0B8Zì,-/<+º�mC< ë 7 � k 0&9 7 059^ìa3z- 7 ë -�.10 ~ 059�ì 7 0U8C- k +A8 ë ì ë +/9 7 -/9�8.I0 ? 3z-+��+�9�b��k� � ? -/3�ì^059 7 059o8 ë ì_� 7 0 » � � ø <g059^ì"360h.�- ? +/<y3x+/9�9�0 k �53 ë®k ðl�53 ë m&<�0�07ì¬.1- ? +/<�3z+/9�9�0 ? 059�ì"3z-/.I0�058�ì7 � 059�Q ë 3x+/9>=G0l� QA0&3N8hÐ�Ñ Ö^�jï_E ì_b

�

=/>�?/@c9ml�¢pí:B�� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.10 £ ¤�¥ � ? -A8 7 <I» �3� ø < Ç �8QA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 0Q.�� ë 9�QA059^ì,- ë 360ì,+�ì,-/.28C0&.�+/9ºm&<�0Q. � +/9 k 36059�9�0059 ? + ~Qk ì�0�+/< k -A8�<�9 7 � ? +/< k -SJy02JT�x+ ~ �Hì"3 ë m&<�0 7 < ? 3z-n�;+/9�059 ? +�<y3x+/9�9�058 ë 9�ì_�53 ë 05<�3x058�b}�k� � ? -/37ì�0&9^ì"3x0.1058 7 05<+º ? -/. ? <y.q8{-�ìkì�0 ë 9^ì/H;Ñc�Õ0&9 Àa9 7 � ë 3B3x- 7 ë -�ì ë +/9�b

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40GWj/t

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

sect

ion

effic

ace

moy

enne

de

capt

ure

radi

ativ

e (b

arn) couronne externe

couronne interne

~75 %

hdi\Ë õ�¸�� ��v�Ï< σ(n,γ) > (r, t)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40GWj/t

0

0,0005

0,001

0,0015

0,002

mol

/cm

³

couronne externecouronne interne

~50 %

hmÐ+Ë õ�¸�� ��v Ï�¯�«$­�ªkz�¨2�ρ(r, t)

=/>�?/@�9ml|���CB?� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.10kôFð ø <A� ? -A8 7 <k» �3� ø < Ç . � �8Q»+/.«<Oì ë +/9� k +�<y3~<�9�0 ? +/<y3x+/9�9�0 7 +/9�9��608� 7 0~.1-KQ»-/.I05<�3~ +n�D059�9�0 7 0Q.�-{8�0 ? ì ë +/9*0¡  ? - ? 0@u ë"?Hë�? - k ì"<y360�3x- 7 ë -�ì ë QA0 w 8C053x- 7 +/< ? 0 7 <fWC- ë ì�mC<o0�.10 k .q<mì,+/9 ë < ~ 0B87ì 7 � ï qk 3 �B8C059�ì 7 i58­.I0 7 ��45<mì 7 0­. � ë 3B3x- 7 ë -�ì ë +/9n0Hì 8&+�9 ë 9�QA059^ì,- ë 360oQA-/3 ë 0 k 05< ? + ~gk -/3���-�< ? -A8 £ ¤�¥ 7 <&J�3z- 7 ë 059�ì059 7 059o8 ë ì_� 7 <g» �3��ø <:b

ím¢

=/>N?O@f9ml|�m¢vB@� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0 ôFð ø <T� ? -/8 7 <�» �3� ø < Ç �8QA+/.q<mì ë +/9 7 0á. � ë 9�QA0&9^ì,- ë 3x0Aì,+�ì,-/. k +/<�3á.I0B8 7 05<+º? +�9pÀUJ/<�3z-4ì ë +/9�8 7 0 ? 3z-+��+�9� 7 � ? +/< k ��07ì 9�+/9 7 � ? +�< k ��b �P� � ? -/37ì¬0&9^ì"3x0�.1058 7 05<+º ? -/. ? <y.q8�3x058�ì�0­9j��J/. ë JD06-D45.I0Sb

�

2 I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�EW�¡�c� 2 Mný�M��4¿\÷�E��¡�c� IHX S�U J E ULU E7Y U GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�Áý �A%D( �m]®���A%�¢S9 �m]®���A%D�m¢ 9m]®�;§ �m]�¢pý;§�Áý �A%Qý �m]�¢��A%D( �m]�¢��A%cü â��m]�¢�§ �m]�¢&%y§�Áý �A%�% ¢�]®��ým¢�>+9 ¢�]®�+9m¢&%�¢ ¢�]|í;§ �m]|í4ü�§�Áý �A%T9 �m]®�m¢&%cü�üO¢S9 �m]®�m¢&%D>�>���� â��m]~ü�§ �m]®>�í;§�Áý �A%Q� �m]�9�>�>�í�í+9 �m]�9�>�í�(�ý�� â��m]|�;§ �m]|�4ü�§' ý �A%T9 �m]|ýA%�¢S9A% �m]|ým¢�>A%T9 �m]|í;§ �m]®>�ý;§' ý �A%Q�43 �m]®�4ü�ü�ýA%D�m¢ �m]®�4ü�ü/>�í�(�( â��m]|ý;§ �m]|��ý;§' ý �A%Q� ¢�]�¢&%4��â���( ¢�]�¢S9���â���( �m]~ü�§ �m]|ý��;§' ý �A%�¢ ¢�]®(�ým¢�ü�ý ¢�]®(�(+9���ý â��m]~ü�§ �m]�¢pí;§´�Y �A%Q� ¢S9m] %D(m¢pý ¢S9m] %D(���> �m]®�;§ �m]|�+9;§´�Y �A%�¢ ¢pím]|ý+9A%�¢ ¢pím]®>���( âd¢�] %y§ �m]|��ý;§´�Y �A%D� %�¢�]|��>A%D> %�¢�]|��(A%�¢ �m]�¢�§ �m]|���;§´�Y �+9�í %D(m] %Qím¢�( %D(m]�¢�>�ý+9 �m]~ü�§ �m]�¢��;§´�Y �+9�> %�]®��>�ý�ý %�]®��>+9���� �m]�¢�§ �m]®�4ü�§�` �+94ü �m]®���A%cü/>m¢�(�ý �m]®���A%cü/(4ü/(�( �m]�9;§ �m]|���;§ê �+9�> 9m]�¢�ü���â���ý 9m]�¢S9���â���ý ¢�]�¢�§ �m]�9�ý;§ê �+94ü 9m]®��(���â���ý �m]®>4ü���â���ý (m]�¢�§ 9m]|ý�ý;§ê �+9�( �m]®�m¢�¢�ü/��ý�ý �m]®�m¢�¢&%Q�4ü/> �m] %y§ ¢�]®�+9;§ê �+9�ý �m]�¢�>�(�>�ý �m]�¢�>��4ü/(m¢ �m]|�;§ ¢�]®>4ü�§ê �+9A% ¢�]�9m¢S9���( ¢�]|��í�í��+9 ¢�]�¢�§ �m] %D�;§ê �+9+9 ¢�üO]|ý����+9 ¢�üO]|ý+9�� â��m]�¢�§ �m]|�4ü�§ê �+9�� �m]®��ý�í+9�í+9�í �m]®��ý�ím¢�ü/>A% �m] %y§ ¢�]®>4ü�§

ÍA��ÎU@r9ml�¢p�gBB� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0ÀôFð ø < Ç � ? -/37ì�8�+D4B8�053�Qn�B8�qC=:Ñ Ö^�jï_E ì 7 -�9o8@.�� 0B8�ì ëN~ -�ì ë +/9 7 0B8 ë 9�QA059�ì,- ë 360B87 0B8U- ? ì ë 9 ë 7 058 ~�ë 9�05<�3N8U0&9 ? -�. ? <�. ? 05.�.q<�.10&ôFð ø <�b � + ~Qk -/3x- ë 8C+/9 7 < ? -�. ? <�. ù £ úíû 059 ? 3x-n�;+/9(ðl�7ì_�&3z+ Jyi59�007ìa059 ? 3x-n�;+/9?ð2+ ~ + JDi59�0�b"�K- 7 05359 ë i&3x0 ? +/.1+/9�9�0 7 +/9�9�0Q. � 0&3B3605<�3Q87ì,-�ì ë 8�ì ë m&<o0�058�ì ëN~ �N0 k 3 � ? � 7 0 ~I~ 059�ì85<y3? ð�-;mC<o0{9�+n�;-/<j059 ? -/. ? <�.5ð�+ ~ + Jyi59�0Sb

í+9

ÓP�����T���� ��N�"�ì ����I�N�Â���T���������c���T�&�(� �rÃT�������r�o�G���(� ������¡��"�±���"Äv (�- S���� (�N�&�������I���ì�4 �����Ät�l���N�"��r�I 2�����"�c���S���N���4 �é´�M�Y U�V E6X S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�NmY[XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E £ ¤�¥ ]l÷�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�GCý,\bG�E\÷&I7°O\bN�E\÷�XHE�hcY�E V E6X S�V X7Y V E\÷

X UdSSü Mn÷(K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�Ej\m÷cJ U McNmY�\�Jp]m` S�UTUdS `�`nM U J�e�Y÷�X S�V X7Y V E5��EHX7JLY�IZE\÷?XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷&X UdSSü Mn÷?K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�]Y÷¤IHX S�U J�GLY U,V g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U E[N�EHG�\bGdM�JRM�`fEHG,N�EHG S X7JL\m÷�\bN�EHG�e[` S�U JL\ U NmYC` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý hQY�\�EHGLJ,GLY�`nI U \bE7Y U eV g \m÷�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�EGLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�EoI7° S�V Y�IHE�GRY U XHEHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EHG E\÷�X UdSSü Mn÷WK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�lQD�g�IHX S�U J�ý S ¯O\mý S�V M ö GRE U °4I`nM�Y UjV EHG6\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG6NmY�` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý EHGLJ6XHMn÷�GLJ S JRI�GLY UjV g \m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EWNmY õ�¸�� ´�Y*E7J�EHGLJ6N�E V g�M U N U E�N�E�¢��;§E\÷�á�÷CN�g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5l��M�Y�G�M ö GRE U °4Mn÷�G�N�EHG�IHX S�U JRG�NmY±ý��\ý�EWM U N U E�N�E�� UdS ÷�N�E7Y U GLY U�V EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHGN�EHG(J UdS ÷�GL` V Y�JRMn÷�\bE\÷�G&hcY�\jGRMn÷QJ�\m÷QJRE U ` U E7JRIHG[XHMný^ý�E�I7J S ÷QJ?\m÷QJ U MONmY�\�JRG�` S�U�V g \m÷�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E S Y�JRM�Y U N�EHG\m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHGZN�EHGo\bGRM�JRM�`nEHG�NmY&` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý&løÂ�"�� L�}�m�����"�� ��r�W L�G D S�T���"à �A�M�����N�T�r�p.*)بP�e�r���w S�c�- ��� (�������Sñ�NÄ ���G���S�����S���r�I Â�����"�c�fH

�S���N���I -���±�UÃA���"�U�r�o�G�&�(�±�����T¡"���t����ÄÀ (�� ����N r�N��é�DFEHG�IHX S�U JRG�M ö GdE U °4IHG GLY U�V EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EHGTX S�V X7Y V IHGS °4EHX�Y÷�E6�4IHMný�I7J U \bE X UdS�ü Mn÷PN�IHXHM�Y�`fIHE�M�Y,÷�Mn÷5]�GRMn÷cJN�E V g�M U N U E�N�E V g \m÷�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�E GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E6`nM�Y U�V EHG` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯ S X7JL\m÷�\bN�EHGpla�f÷Ò÷�E�`fE7Y�J�` S G S ] U ý�E U hcY5g \ V/üCS \�J�Y÷�E?Nm\��nI U E\÷�XHE�°O\bGL\ ö V E�E\÷QJ U E V EHG,N�E7Ym¯X S�V X7Y V G�E\÷AXHE�hcY�\�XHMn÷�XHE U ÷�E V EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHG,N�EHG-÷�M üQS Ym¯�l�ÈWD5EHG�IHX S�U JRG V EHG6` V Y�G�\mý,`fM U J S ÷cJRG�M ö GRE U °4IHG��hcY�\ U EHGLJRE\÷QJ�N�E1ý�M�\m÷�G�N�E��;§ GLY U6V g \m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EWNmY õ�¸$¹ ´�YZ�:÷�E ² Y�GLJL\�á^E\÷cJ�` S Gp]5e�÷�M�G ü E7Ym¯�] V g \m÷Q°4EHGRJL\bGwâGRE\ý�E\÷cJ E\÷�JRE\ý,`�G�N�E(X S�V X7Y V GRY�`�` V I\ý�E\÷QJ S \ U E?hcY�E2÷�IHXHEHGRGL\�JRE V_S GR\mý�Y V_S JL\bMn÷S=�Mn÷cJRE�� S�ULV MPNmY�X UdSSü Mn÷N�IHXHM�Y�`nI�E\÷»XHM�Y U Mn÷÷�EHGpl��ZM�Y�G�` U E\÷�N U Mn÷�G,N�Mn÷�X�`fM�Y U JRM�Y�JRE V_S GRY�\�JRE�N�E�XHE7JLJRE(I7JLY�N�E�Y÷uý�McN�¿ V E�N�EX UdSSü Mn÷[XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�l

��E�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�NmY>X UdSSü Mn÷AXHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E S ` V Y�G6N�E UdS \bGRMn÷>N�g��7J U E,N S ÷�G V EHG�X S�V X7Y V G�N�I7JRE U ý,\m÷�\bGRJREHGpl� V `fE U ý�E7JZN�E ö \bE\÷�` U E\÷�N U E�E\÷�XHMný,`�JRE V_S ° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷ U IHE V�V E�N�E V_S GREHX7JL\bMn÷PE8]WX S XHE�°OY�E�` S�U�V EP÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷e(Nm\���I U E\÷QJREHG�` U M�ikMn÷�N�E7Y U G�NmY>X UdSSü Mn÷5l5D5E�J UdS \�JRE\ý�E\÷QJPý�Y V JL\�� U M�Y�`nEWE\÷>I\÷�E U ��\bE�Y�JL\ V \bGRI�` S�U6V EHG6XHMON�EHGN�I7JRE U ý,\m÷�\bGLJREHG�÷5g�EHGLJ�` S G�GRYl]WG S ý^ý�E\÷QJ�á�÷�`nM�Y U ` U E\÷�N U EoE\÷�XHMný,`�JRE V EHG UdS `�\bN�EHG�° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷�G�N�g \m÷QJRE\÷�GR\�JRIN�g Y÷�EoGREHX7JL\bMn÷�E8]WX S XHE S Y,°4M�\bGL\m÷ S �4E�N�g Y÷�E U IHGdMn÷ S ÷�XHE�l4´�M�Y U XHMn÷QJRM�Y U ÷�E U XHET` U M ö V ¿\ý�E�G S ÷�G S Y��+ý�E\÷cJRE UV_SPU IHGRM V Y�JL\bMn÷ÁE\÷�I\÷�E U ��\bE�] V EHG�X S�V X7Y V G�N�I7JRE U ý,\m÷�\bGLJREHG�GRMn÷QJ S ý�E\÷�IHGWePJ S ö Y V E U N�EHG�GREHX7JL\bMn÷�GWE8]WX S XHEHG0 � 0 ? ì ë Q/0B8 N�I ² e S Y�JRM�` U M�JRI7�4IHEHG�ómXHEHGo° S�V E7Y U GTJ S ö Y V IHEHG U E\÷�N�E\÷QJXHMný,`�JRE�XHM ULU EHX7JRE\ý�E\÷QJZN�E V g S ö GdM U `�JL\bMn÷`nM�Y U Y÷�E�° S�V E7Y U NmY�)�Ym¯�hQY�\QEHGRJF` S�U JRM�Y�J�I7� S�V e V_S ° S�V E7Y U hcY�E V E)�Ym¯ S Y UdS \�J�E\÷�N�E7K�M U G�N�E V_S�U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHE�]N S ÷�G�XdK S hQY�E[� U M�Y�`fE[N�g�I\÷�E U ��\bE��|ý��/��l�´�E\÷�N S ÷QJ V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5]�XHEHG,° S�V E7Y U G S Y�JRM�` U M�JRI7�4IHEHG(N�M�\�°4E\÷QJ��7J U EU EHX S�V X7Y V IHEHGa`fM�Y U ` U E\÷�N U E�E\÷&XHMný,`�JRE V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�N�E V_S N�E\÷�GL\�JRI�N�EHGC÷�M üQS Ym¯nlDFEHG�X S�V X7Y V G�=PMn÷QJRE�� S�ULV M[GRE ikMn÷QJ XHE7`fE\÷�N S ÷cJ e?I\÷�E U ��\bEW`fMn÷�X7JLY�E V�V E�]�N�EWXHE�i S \�J�Mn÷AGR\mý�Y V E�]5`nM�Y U

XdK S hQY�E ° S�V E7Y U E\÷�I\÷�E U ��\bE�] V_S ö Mn÷÷�E ° S�V E7Y U NmYl)�Ym¯v÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�\bhQY�E1ý�M ü E\÷>N S ÷�GZXdK S hQY�E,XHE V�V Y V E�N�E V_S�4IHMný�I7J U \bE�l�´�M�Y U JRM�Y�JRE U I S X7JL\bMn÷�\m÷�NmY�\�JRE�` S�U ÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷5] V_S ö Mn÷÷�E�GREHX7JL\bMn÷PE8]WX S XHE-ý�M ü E\÷÷�E�EHGLJN�E�XHEi S \�J�` U \bGRE�E\÷PXHMný,`�JRE�`nM�Y U XdK S hQY�EP÷�M üQS Y5]fN S ÷�GXdK S hQY�E�XHE V�V Y V E�NmY[` U M ö V ¿\ý�E�lf�V÷À÷�Eji S \bG S ÷QJa` S GZN�EN�IHXHM�Y�` S �4E�]OMn÷ S Y UdS�S�V M U G�]ce6XdK S hQY�EZI\÷�E U ��\bE�] V_S ö Mn÷÷�E:ý�M ü E\÷÷�E 7 -/9o8^. � 058 k - ? 0 NmY�)�Ym¯^÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�\bhcY�E�l

µ ��v�¨k�<«(©�«(¨<«�ïCñ�ª ¯�«(®�i3©�®wv�©7­

íA%

' Ym¯AE\÷c°c\ U Mn÷�G�N�g Y÷�E�I\÷�E U ��\bE�N�E U IHGRMn÷ S ÷�XHE�]�Mn÷�GRM�Y�Gwâ�EHGRJL\mý�E UdS N�Mn÷�X V E@)�Ym¯AE\÷ ö M U NmY U E�NmY�X UdS�ü Mn÷JRM�Y�J�E\÷ V EZGRY U EHGLJL\mý S ÷QJ S Y?XHE\÷QJ U E�]lý S \bG V_S ° S�V E7Y U ` U \bGREjGRE UdS ö \bE\÷ V_S ° S�V E7Y U ý�M ü E\÷÷�E�XHM ULU EHGL`nMn÷�N S ÷QJe V g S Y�JRM�` U M�JREHX7JL\bMn÷±GL` S JL\ S�V E�NmY�)�Ym¯&N S ÷�GoJRM�Y�J V E6X UdSSü Mn÷5l

�-ÔXÅ ×�Ø Ég �Ûgí �ÙEDjÖ'FHG ×"×EFÜÞ1Õ Ø ÉIFD�g S GdGRE\ý ö V_S �4EXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V EZI7JLY�Nm\bIo\bX7\^EHGLJ�Y÷ S GRGRE\ý ö V_S �4EaGLJ S ÷�N S�U N�N�E�Òa��´�ârí����mly�Zg�EHGLJ�Y÷ U IHGdE S Y

X S�ULU I17 × 17

hcY�\XHMn÷cJL\bE\÷QJ[��(A%»X UdS�ü Mn÷�G�N�E�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E±E7J���ýAJLY ö EHGW��Y�\bN�EHGpl~��EHG�JLY ö EHG���Y�\bN�EHGGRMn÷QJp]�GdM�\�J U E\ý,` V \bG�N�g�E S Y ö M U IHE�]nGRM�\�J U E © M�\�°4E\÷cJ V EHG ö S�ULU EHG6N�E�XHMn÷QJ U � V E,M�Y�N�E `fM�\bGRMn÷�XHMn÷�GRMný^ý S ö V EHG�¡�4I\÷�I UdS�V E\ý�E\÷QJ�NmY

B4C��l�D S Nm\bGR`fM�GL\�JL\bMn÷,N�EHG�X UdS�ü Mn÷�G�E7J�N�EHG�JLY ö EHG���Y�\bN�EHG�N S ÷�G�XHE U IHGRE S Y EHGRJ�\ V�V Y�GLJ U IHE

GLY U�V_S ��Y U EP9ml|���ml

hdi\Ë hmÐ+Ë

=/>�?/@Á9ml|���,B�Ö �x+ ~ �7ì"3 ë 0�õU8B8C0 ~ 45.1-SJD0Sb{uX- w � 3z-n�;+/9�8 ? + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0 7 � ? +/< k �B8Sb@uz4 w î�ë � �53x0&9^ì ë -4ì ë +/9 7 0B8? 3x-n�;+/9o8{059J=Pì�� k 0B8 7 0PQ»+ ë 8 ë 9o8 7 0B8�ì"3x+/<D8 7 � 0x-�<b

ë��t�(���}ÃT���A�����N�l���N�"� �A���"���� ��N�� ^�r�I ^�S���"�� ^�}�m�A���êf÷�E Nm\���I U E\÷QJL\ S JL\bMn÷�N�EHG�X UdSSü Mn÷�G�E\÷�J ü `fEHG�N�E�°4M�\bGL\m÷�G�`fE7Y�J�N�Mn÷�Xd�7J U E�\m÷QJ U MONmY�\�JRE S á�÷�N�E�°4M�\ U GL\mE V�V E

ý�E7J�E\÷�I7°c\bN�E\÷�XHETY÷�ETI7°4E\÷cJLY�E V�V EaNm\���I U E\÷�XHEoGLY U�V g�EHGLJL\mý S JL\bMn÷WN�EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EHG�JRM�J S Ym¯o� V EHG�X UdS�ü Mn÷�G�` V Y�G` U McXdK�EHG N�g Y÷�J U M�Y�N�g�E S Y�°4M�\bE\÷QJTE\÷�` U \m÷�X7\�`fEaY÷�GL`nEHX7J U E�N�E:÷�E7Y�J U Mn÷�G�` V Y�G}ý�McN�I U I�ly�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�N�Mn÷�XE5�nEHX7JLY�I V ETX S�V X7Y V N�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�`nM�Y U XHEHG�N�E7Ym¯�XHMn÷má���Y UdS JL\bMn÷�Gpl;�ZM�Y�Gr÷5g S °4Mn÷�G�` S G�M ö GRE U °4ITN�ETNm\���I U E\÷�XHE

í�ý

÷�M�J S ö V E�N S ÷�G V g�EHGLJL\mý S JL\bMn÷[N�EHGo\m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHG`fM�Y UoV EHGo` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯ S X7JL\m÷�\bN�EHGNmY&XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�æTK�´�Y[E\÷Nm\���I U E\÷�X7\ S ÷QJ V EHGZX UdS�ü Mn÷�E\÷�J ü `nE N�E�°4M�\bGL\m÷�GZN�g Y÷PJ U M�YPN�g�E S Y5lnD5E�J S ö V E S YÀý�Mn÷cJ U E V EHGZIHX S�U JRGjGLY UV EHG\m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHGTX S�V X7Y V IHGoe�Nm\���I U E\÷QJREHG�° S�V E7Y U G NmYWJ S Ym¯WN�EXHMný ö Y�GLJL\bMn÷�ó4XHEHG�IHX S�U JRG U EHGRJRE\÷QJ�` UdS JL\bhQY�E\ý�E\÷cJJRM�Y�Go\m÷mikI U \bE7Y U G S Y?`nM�Y U XHE\÷QJje V_S á�÷&N�E V g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷5l

������� øLKNMì�PO ¢�¢p����� øLKNMì�PO ¢pý�(���� øLKNMì�PO ���+9���� øLKNMì�PO 9�>������ øLKNMì�PO245 �Áý â�9ml|�;§ ýml®>;§ âd¢�l|í;§ â��ml�¢�§ ¢�l %y§244 �Áý â�9ml|�;§ âd¢�l %y§ â��ml~ü�§ �ml®(;§ â��ml�9;§243 �Áý �ml|í;§ �ml®(;§ â��ml|ý;§ �ml®�;§ �ml %y§242 �Áý �ml %y§ â��ml�9;§ â��ml�9;§ �ml®�;§ �ml�9;§245 ' ý â�9ml|�;§ ârýml %y§ 9ml|ý;§ âr�ml®(;§ â��ml~ü�§244 ' ý â�9ml|�;§ â,%�l®(;§ 9ml®>;§ âd¢�l~ü�§ â��ml|�;§243 ' ý âr�ml�¢�§ �ml�9;§ �ml®>;§ �ml|ý;§ �ml®(;§

242 ' ý m �ml %y§ â��ml|�;§ â��ml|�;§ �ml�¢�§ �ml�9;§242 ' ý â��ml®(;§ �ml®>;§ â��ml|�;§ â��ml�9;§ âd¢�l®�;§241 ' ý �ml®�;§ �ml�¢�§ �ml�¢�§ �ml®�;§ â��ml|�;§242 ´�Y �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ â��ml�¢�§ â��ml|�;§ â��ml|�;§241 ´�Y �ml�¢�§ â��ml|�;§ â��ml�9;§ â��ml�¢�§ â��ml�¢�§240 ´�Y �ml®�;§ �ml�¢�§ �ml|�;§ �ml�¢�§ �ml|�;§239 ´�Y �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ â��ml|�;§238 ´�Y �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§ �ml®�;§237 �a` �ml®�;§ �ml�¢�§ �ml|�;§ �ml|�;§ �ml|�;§236 ê �ml®�;§ â��ml|�;§ â��ml�9;§ â��ml|ý;§ â��ml|í;§235 ê �ml�¢�§ â��ml %y§ âd¢�l®>;§ âd¢�l|ý;§ â��ml|�;§234 ê �ml®>;§ �ml®�;§ â��ml�9;§ �ml�¢�§ â��ml %y§233 ê �ml~ü�§ �ml %y§ �ml�¢�§ �ml�¢�§ �ml®�;§232 ê âd¢�¢�l|�;§ âd¢�l|ý;§ �ml�9;§ ¢�l~ü�§ �ml®(;§233 ´ S �ml~ü�§ â��ml�¢�§ â��ml�¢�§ â��ml®(;§ â��ml|ý;§

Í��ØÎr@}9ml�¢S9ÀBQ� + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.I0±ôFð ø < Ç � ? -/37ì�8j+D4B8C0&3�Q��58p8B<�3�. � ë 9�Q/059^ì,- ë 3x0[ì,+�ì,-/. k +�<y3 7 ë � �536059^ì�8&ì,-/<+º 7 0? + ~ 4&<D87ì ë +/9���059^ì"360*<�9î8 ë�~ <�.�-4ì ë +/9 k 36059:-�9^ì ? + ~Qk ì�0 7 � <y9�0 7 ë � �&3x059�ì ë -�ì ë +/9 7 0B8 ? 3z-+��+�9 ? + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.10059¾ì�� k 0B8 7 0ÂQA+ ë 8 ë 9�8 7 � <�9�ì"3x+/< 7 � 06-/< k -/3j3z- k;k +/37ìIqt<�9�0 ? +/9pÀrJ/<y3x-�ì ë +/9 +/¿.ì,+�<D8º.I0B8 ? 3x-n�;+/9o8p8C+/9^ìë 7 059^ì ë m&<�0B8�bK��0&3N8�Ð�� Ö^�jï_E ìN� k 3x-�ì ë mC<o0 ~ 059�ì�ì,+�<D8r.I0B8k� ? -/37ì�8r8C+/9^ì ë 9SWS�53 ë 05<�3B8h-/< k +/<�3 ? 059^ì_b

í�(

� V i S Y�J U E\ý S�U hcY�E U hQY�E�E\÷>X S�V X7Y V =PMn÷QJRE�� S�ULV M�] V E1ý�MON�¿ V E S GRGRE\ý ö V_S �4E�G S ÷�G6Nm\���I U E\÷QJL\ S JL\bMn÷CN�EHGX UdS�ü Mn÷�G?\mý,`nM�GRE V EHG�ý��\ý�EHG?XHMn÷QJ UdS \m÷cJREHG[E\÷¾JRE\ý,`�G�N�EPX S�V X7Y V hcY�E V_S GR\mý�Y V_S JL\bMn÷ N�E V_S �4IHMný�I7J U \bE�rXHE V�V Y V�V E� ���X UdS�ü Mn÷PXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�GRE7Y V ��l

ÓP���N�T�U�O�(�����í�Dª±�T�N�c���&�U�Â�S�AÄt�}ÃT���l�������À�(���T�"Äv r�� ����N (���^é´ U I S�V_S ö V E\ý�E\÷cJZeI÷�M�J U E�I7JLY�N�Ej` V Y�GaN�I7J S \ V�V IHE�NmY&XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�æTK�´�Y5]÷�M�Y�GC÷�M�Y�G�` U M�`fM�GRMn÷�GaN S ÷�G

XHE7JLJRE�` S�U JL\bEN�E U E7� S�U N�E U�V g \mý,` S X7JTN�g Y÷�N�IHXHM�Y�` S �4EX UdS�ü Mn÷�GLY U�V g�EHGLJL\mý S JL\bMn÷�NmYWXHMOE8]WX7\bE\÷QJTN�EoJRE\ý,`nI�âUdS JLY U ENmY�XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V EæTK�´�Y�E\÷�E5��EHX7JLY S ÷QJoN�EHG�X S�V X7Y V G -/8N8C0 ~ 4&.�-SJy0 l2�M�Y�G GRE U Mn÷�G S ý�E\÷�IHGoe�X S�V X7Y V E UN�EHG�XHMOE8]WX7\bE\÷QJRG�N�E,JRE\ý,`fI UdS JLY U E�NmY>XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�l���E7Ym¯câ�X7\ GRE U Mn÷QJ N�I�á�÷�\bG6` S�U�V_S GLY�\�JRE&��X�ioXRK S `�\�J U E%c��l

�f÷,XRK�E U XdK�E S EHGLJL\mý�E U�V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�E∂k∞/∂T

E\÷�X S�V X7Y V_S ÷cJ V_S ° S�V E7Y U N�EkeZNm\�°4E U GREHG�JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U EHG

NmY.XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E�l ´�M�Y U Y÷�E?JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E[N�Mn÷÷�IHE�] XHE V�V E�â�X7\aEHGLJ,` U \bGRE?Y÷�\�ikM U ý�E&N S ÷�G V E?X UdS�ü Mn÷5l�D SJRE\ý,`fI UdS JLY U E 9�+ ~�ë 9:-�.10 EHGLJ�` U \bGRE\bX7\ne í����h�,]cXHE7JLJREZ° S�V E7Y U XHM ULU EHGL`nMn÷�N?e V_S JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U Efý�M ü E\÷÷�E�eV g \m÷QJRI U \bE7Y U N�g Y÷[X UdS�ü Mn÷PXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�E7J�EHGLJ V_S ° S�V E7Y U Y�JL\ V \bGRIHE6N S ÷�GaJRM�Y�GC÷�M�G�X S�V X7Y V G�` S�UaV_S GLY�\�JRE�l´�M�Y U `nM�Y�°4M�\ U EHGRJL\mý�E U Y÷�E�° S�V E7Y U NmY(XHMcE8]WX7\bE\÷cJ�N�E U I S X7JL\�°c\�JRIZNmY�XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V EZE\÷�E5��EHX7JLY S ÷QJ�Y÷�E

E�¯mX7Y U GR\bMn÷�GLY U ` V Y�GR\bE7Y U G�`nM�\m÷QJRG�E\÷AJRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E�]5\ V i S Y�N UdS ]5N�g Y÷�EW` S�U Jp]FhcY�E�XHEHG�`nM�\m÷QJRG E\÷>JRE\ý,`nI�âUdS JLY U E�GRM�\bE\÷QJ�GLYl]WG S ý^ý�E\÷cJ�I V M�\��+÷�IHG V EHG�Y÷�G�N�EHG S Y�J U EHG `fM�Y U `nM�Y�°4M�\ U M ö GRE U °4E U Y÷�E�° S�U \ S JL\bMn÷¤NmYXHMcE8]WX7\bE\÷cJZN�EKý�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bMn÷�� UdS ÷�N�E�N�E7° S ÷cJaGRMn÷[E ULU E7Y U GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E�l��V÷Âý��\ý�E6JRE\ý,`�G�]�\ V i S Y�N UdS °4I�âU \�á^E U V_S�V \m÷�I S�U \�JRINmY�i S X7JRE7Y U N�Esý�Y V JL\�` V \bX S JL\bMn÷���E\÷�` UdS JL\bhQY�E�]cN�E V_S�U I S X7JL\�°c\�JRI

ρ��GLY U JRM�Y�J V g \m÷cJRE U ° S�V�V E

N�g�E�¯O` V M UdS JL\bMn÷5l���E7JLJRE6E�¯O` V M UdS JL\bMn÷[E\÷�JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E S N�g S ö M U N?I7JRIj` U \bGdEZE\÷?GRE7`�Jo`nM�\m÷QJRGoNm\���I U E\÷QJRG�]�N�Eí����º� e>¢�(����º�,l�D S ` U IHX7\bGR\bMn÷�GLY U XRK S hcY�EWX S�V X7Y V N�E

k∞E5�nEHX7JLY�I�EHGLJ�\bX7\�N�E V g�M U N U E�N�E�¢����?`nX\ý&l

ê:÷�E JRE V \m÷QJRE U ° S�V�V E,E\÷±JRE\ý,`fI UdS JLY U E�`nE U ý�E7J6N�E V \bGRGRE UZV g�E ULU E7Y U GLJ S JL\bGLJL\bhcY�E XHMný^ý,\bGdE GRY UV g�EHGLJL\mý S JL\bMn÷N�E

∂k∞/∂Tl���E V_S `nE U ý�E7J�N�g S °4M�\ U Y÷�EjE ULU E7Y U N�E V g�M U N U E6N�Er�ml�9 `nX\ý ´ � GLY UoV_S ° S�V E7Y U NmY?XHMOE8]WX7\bE\÷QJ

N�E6JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E�l�ZM�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�°4M�Y V Y�°4I U \�á^E U GL\ V E,X S�V X7Y V S GRGRE\ý ö V_S �4E S °4EHXWX UdS�ü Mn÷�G�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�EHG U E7` U McNmY�\bG S \�J ö \bE\÷

V_S ý��\ý�E EHGRJL\mý S JL\bMn÷±NmY�XHMOE8]WX7\bE\÷QJ6N�E JRE\ý,`fI UdS JLY U E�NmY�XHMný ö Y�GRJL\ ö V E,X S�V X7Y V I E\÷�X UdSSü Mn÷PK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�lÅjEKý S ÷�\b¿ U E S ÷ S�V M���Y�E�e V g S ÷ S�Vmü GREj` U IHXHIHN�E\÷cJREji S \�JREjGLY UTV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷[N�EHGT\m÷c°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHGN�Ef÷�M üQS Ym¯n]�÷�M�Y�GE5�nEHX7JLY�Mn÷�G V E6X S�V X7Y V NmY�XHMcE8]WX7\bE\÷cJN�E6JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E�NmY[XHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E�E\÷,ý�McN�E�X UdSSü Mn÷�GaK�Mný�M��4¿\÷�E�E7JX UdS�ü Mn÷�K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�EHGplD5E�J S ö V E S Y,N�Mn÷÷�E V g�EHGLJL\mý S JL\bMn÷,N�ETXHEHG�XHMcE8]WX7\bE\÷cJRG�e` V Y�GL\bE7Y U G�JRE\ý,`�G�N�E V g \ ULUdS Nm\ S JL\bMn÷5l���EHG�X S�V X7Y V G

Mn÷QJjI7JRI�E5��EHX7JLY�IHGE\÷Àý�McN�E S GRGRE\ý ö V_S �4E�`nM�Y U Y÷PXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E æTK�´�Y�e&¢��;§ÚN�E�` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý GR\mý,\ V_S \ U ES Y&°4EHX7JRE7Y U \bGRM�JRM�`�\bhcY�E�N�I�á�÷�\5` U IHXH¿HN�E\ý^ý�E\÷cJpl´�M�Y U Y÷�EJRE V�V EjE�¯�X7Y U GL\bMn÷?E\÷�JRE\ý,`nI UdS JLY U E6M��?XRK S hcY�EjX S�V X7Y V ùSRUTWV S Y÷�EZ` U IHX7\bGL\bMn÷?N�E ¢�����`nX\ý&]

Mn÷ S�ULU \�°4E(e S °4M�\ U Y÷�EWE ULU E7Y U GRY U�V_S `nE\÷QJRE∂k∞/∂T

N�g�E\÷c°c\ U Mn÷S�ml�9�`fX\ý ´ �,l���Mný,`�JREWJRE\÷cY�N�E�XHE7JLJRE\m÷�XHE U JL\�JLY�N�ETMn÷k÷5g�M ö GRE U °4E ` S G�N�E�Nm\���I U E\÷�XHE E\÷cJ U E V EHG�N�E7Ym¯�X S�V X7Y V G�E\÷ký�MON�E�K�Mný�M��4¿\÷�ETM�Y�K�I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E�l

í4ü

=/>N?O@r9ml|�+9xB �o-/3 ë -�ì ë +�9�+y4B8C0538Q��60 7 0�.1-*3��x- ? ì ë Q ë ì_� k -/3�3x- k;k +/3�ìoq*<�9�0p0�º ? <y3B8 ë +/9î059�ì�0 ~Qk �&3z-�ì"<�360 7 <? 3x-n�;+/9 ? + ~ 45<y8�ì ë 45.10hu�.�-�ì�0 ~Qk �53x-�ì"<�3x0 7 < ~ + 7 �&3z-�ì�0&<y3�0B8�ìGJD-/3 7 �60 ? +/9o87ì,-/9^ì�0Q07ìr��JD-/.10pqX7;Ñ;ÑZY w b\[�ºD0 ~Qk .I07 � <�9 ? + ~ 4&<D87ì ë 45.I0xôFð ø <vq�H;Ñl� 7 0�ì�059�05<�3{059 k .«<mì,+/9 ë < ~ b

æ�E\ý,`�G���E�l `5l `�� 2 I7JRI U M��4¿\÷�E��¡`nX\ý ´ ��� 2 Mný�M��4¿\÷�E��¡`nX\ý ´ ���� â�9ml�9 â�9ml�9¢ S ÷ â�9ml®� â�9ml�¢¢�l|ý S ÷�G â�9ml|� â�9ml|��ml®( S ÷�G â�9ml|� â�9ml %

Í��ØÎr@s9ml�¢&%±B [|8�ì ëN~ -�ì ë +�9 7 0B8 ? +�0¡  ?7ë 059^ì�8 7 0±ì�0 ~Qk �&3z-�ì"<�360 7 < ? + ~ 4&<D87ì ë 45.I0Ë059 ? -/. ? <�.�-A8N8�0 ~ 45.1-SJD0Sb�K- ? + ~gk -/3z- ë 8C+/9�8� 0 � 0 ? ì"<�0$059^ì"360l<y9 ? -�. ? <�. 7 +/9^ìr.I0B8 ? 3x-n�;+/9o8�8C+/9^ì 7 � ? +/< k �B8�ukðl�Hì_�53z+3JDi59�0 w 07ìh9:+/97 � ? +/< k �B8Ëu2ð�+ ~ + JDi&9�0 w b � + ~Qk ì�0�ì�059�< 7 0j.�� ë 9 ? 0537ì ë ì"< 7 0á0B87ì ë�~ �60vq�Ñ�bGÐ k2?\~fE Y-��+�9î9í� +D458C0538QA0 k -A8 7 07 ë � �536059 ? 0@0&9^ì"3x0h.I0B8 7 05<+º ? -/. ? <�.}8Sb

ë}�,��)�����¢ �(���rÃT�������r�o�G�À�A� �U�W &�U�,�S�AÄt�D ^�A���S���v�])U��è ���À�����N�T�r�ÁyJ^`_ba' `�Y�\bGRG S ÷�XHE�á�¯�IHE�]�XHE?XRK�M�\�¯ S `nE7Y�N�g�E5�nE7J�GRY U Y÷ ÷�M üQS Y�á^GdGL\ V E�` S�U E�¯mE\ý,` V E�] V g \m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U EPNmY

÷�M üQS Y»á^GRGL\ V E�` U \m÷�X7\�` S�V M�Y»N�g Y÷ ÷�M üQS Y�N�Mn÷QJ V E(J S Ym¯CN�E�á^GRGL\bMn÷¤XHMn÷cJ U \ ö Y�E?N�EWi S/© Mn÷»\mý,`fM U J S ÷cJRE[eV_S `�Y�\bGRG S ÷�XHE�]�XHMný^ý�E V g õ"ö�ö ê�l�D�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�N�EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷QJ S \ U EHGWN�EHGk÷�M üQS Ym¯ChcY�\�XHMn÷�GRJL\�JLY�E\÷QJ V EHG�GRM�Y U XHEHGý S�² M U \�J S \ U EHG6N�E�á^GdGL\bMn÷�NmYPXHMný ö Y�GLJL\ ö V E S `fE7Y±N�EIý S�U �4E N�EIý S ÷�çjY�° U E V M U GRhQY5g�Mn÷±\mý,`nM�GRE�Y÷PJ S Ym¯� V M ö S�V N�EZá^GdGL\bMn÷&XHMn÷�GLJ S ÷QJZE7J�Y÷?\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U E�\m÷�\�JL\ S�V N�Mn÷÷�I�l

í�>

�ZM�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�°4I U \�á^I V_S GRE\÷�GL\ ö \ V \�JRI�] S Y�XRK�M�\�¯AN�EHG�` S G�N�E,JRE\ý,`�G E\÷QJ U EWXdK S hQY�E�X S�V X7Y V ùSRUTWV ]5N�EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷½N�EHG�\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EHG&`nM�Y U�V EHG�` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯ S X7JL\m÷�\bN�EHG[e�°O\bE V Mn÷���Y�E�loD S á���Y U Et9ml|�A%Òý�Mn÷QJ U EV g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷PN�EHG\m÷Q°4E\÷cJ S \ U EHGZ`fM�Y UV EHG�` U \m÷�X7\�` S Ym¯&\bGRM�JRM�`nEHGaNmY�` V Y�JRMn÷�\�Yý E7J�`nM�Y UaV g õ"ö�ö ê�]�` U \m÷�X7\�` S�V EHGM ö GRE U ° S ö V EHG�hQY�\l÷�M�Y�G�\m÷cJRI U EHGRGRE\÷QJ�`fM�Y U Nm\���I U E\÷QJRG�XdK�M�\�¯�NmY�` S G�N�E�JRE\ý,`�Gpl��ZM�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G U E7JRE\÷QY�XHMný^ý�EXRK�M�\�¯�N�Ea` S G�N�EaJRE\ý,`�G�Y÷�E° S�V E7Y U N�E ¢:ý�M�\bGTN S ÷�GO÷�M�G X S�V X7Y V GTN�g�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷ S GRGdE\ý ö V_S �4E�l2�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G°4I U \�á^I�hcY�EoXHEoXRK�M�\�¯�I7J S \�J�GLJ S ö V Eo` S�U�UdS `�`nM U J�ejN�EHG�I7°4M V Y�JL\bMn÷�G�i S \�JREHG�GLY U N�EHG�` S G�N�ETJRE\ý,`�G�` V Y�G ö U E�ikG�w¢�]�ü&E7J�¢pý ² M�Y U G���lK�M�Y�G S °4Mn÷�G�XRK�M�\bGR\ N�g�E5��EHX7JLY�E U N�EHG�` S G U I7��Y V \bE U G�]�hcY�\�JLJRE�e[E\÷>i S \ U EWN S ° S ÷QJ S �4E�]`fM�Y U ÷�EZ` S G�i S Y�GRGRE U�V EHG�Nm\�°4E U GREHGOý�I7JLK�McN�EHGoN�EZXHMn÷QJ U � V EjN�E V_S�U I S X7JL\�°O\�JRI,��hQY�\nMn÷QJoI7JRIZN�I7J S \ V�V IHEHGoN S ÷�GV EjXRK S `�\�J U E��4� ö S GRIHEHGTGLY UTV g�E�¯mJ UdS `fM V_S JL\bMn÷&N�EZ° S�V E7Y U GoX S�V X7Y V IHEHGoGLY U Y÷�÷�Mný ö U E N

N�EZ` S G�` U IHXHIHN�E\÷QJRGE7JahcY�\5GRMn÷QJaGdE\÷�GL\ ö V EHGae�Y÷&XdK S ÷��4E\ý�E\÷QJ ö U Y�GRhQY�E�N�E V_S�V Mn÷���Y�E7Y U E\÷QJ U E�XHEHGo` S Gpl

c`dfe`dhg ikj;lUmonqpJrWstp]uvmowyxEp?p�z{m}|A~kñbxEmquE�NnouEpJsAl�p]uEp�|{u�|{rN�A�{xEuEp�j4�{ry~hp]~9uEp�W���Z�]���,�\�������,�q�����\�����n÷������'�\ý ö ���]�q�J�?�,�'���'�Z�]�����'���\÷��\�'�\÷E��÷4�Z�`�����\�������\���\�E�]���k�\�.�����,���m÷\���\�.�k�,�

�\�'�4�;�\���'���\��áE�'�����n÷W�y�;�����,�'�\÷��'�.� ö ���'�.����á�÷0�\���4�E��÷�����áE�,��� ���.�Z�]���X�4�W���,�����.���m÷v�;�\���'�\÷������\�*� ���,�q�����\�����n÷�\�.�b�m÷4�q�\÷����]���'�.�Z¡L�W�.� ö ���'�.�I�.�nýk�E�]�'�.�.�b���,�y�n÷4�I�,�'�£¢�pÅ¥¤�� â�(;¡®>;� ô ¢{¤`¤Fâ�9;¡�¦��,� ô ¢�pÅ¥�nâ�9;¡�9;¡

�f÷§�����\�������'�,�'�\÷\���Z�y�U���\�X���J�\���\�E�]�����\�.�����,���m÷\���\�.�X�÷ ö �n÷0���.�.���'�¨�\÷4���'�����.�����'����� ö ���'�.�Z�N�v��÷v��'���v�©���.�©�Z�����m÷;ª«�,�����,�\�C���¬�;��ý��\ý©�����'�;�'���4�v�J� ���,���'�,�\���'���]�������������v���\�'���E�]�q�.�����\���o��÷��©� ���,�q�����\�����n÷W¡­ �,�\���b�4�v�,�����v�.�/÷v� ü �]�;®��\�'�.�'�\÷4�'�\÷��I�\�.�(�.�Z�]���'�(�'�\���,�����,�\�'�b¯X�.�,���'���,���'�,�\�b�����]�����������4�v�¥�,�����,�\�q�\÷4�^�,���'����'���mýk�����.��¯��÷v���;�����,�'�\÷v�.�P÷v����� ö �����\�.� ö ���'�.�Z¡f�t�.�¥��®;�.�,�\�����n÷v�¥�'�n÷4�Z�E�E�]�°���]�\���������]�}�Z�]���,�\�`¢a�fÅ¥¤���\�����I�.�ný^ý©���'��ª��,�'�\÷v�.�o�v�\÷?á�÷?�\���.�ný ö �v�������n÷0±P�q�,�'�^%D��²p³§² ´ �´³Zó

•�÷v���'���v�Lâ9�.�����mý��]�����n÷?�����\÷4�4���'�n÷ 9��;§@�\� 243 �Áý��\�U���\�(���.�b�\�,�;® ö ���'�.� ô ¢A¤�¤��,� ô ¢�fÅ¥�{¡

•�÷v�°ª������'�£���\�'�.�����mý��]�����n÷?�����\÷������'�n÷§¦S9��;§H�;� 242m ' ýµ�����\� ô ¢{¤`¤t¡

•�÷v���'���v���.�����mý��]�����n÷©�����\÷������'�n÷@%y§Q�;� 233 ¶ �;���U���\� ô ¢�fÅ¥�{�o�.���4�\�4�m÷v�;�\���`�÷v���'���v�'�.�'���mý��]�����n÷�;�Âý��\ý©�*���'�;�'�£� ö �'�,���q�.�£���\�gõ"ö�ödê�¡

�W�.�`�.�Z�]���'�·� ö �'�,���q�.�`�U���\�`�'���v�`���.���\���m÷v�,���E�]�;®k���,���m÷\���\�.�{¯°�;�����,�'�\÷��'�·�E���`��� ���������;���]�����n÷��.�����'�,�U�����'�¯X� �¸��÷÷v��®;���¥¡ ¶ ���\�(�������\���'���\�p÷v�o�b�Z�]���,�\���C÷v���v�b�Z�q�n÷v�(�'�,�'�\÷���������¹v���º®>�\�¥��� ö ���'��¢a�fÅ¥¤���»�(;¡®>;�\���\��������v�,�����*�n÷��;�����U�o���]���(�÷��\���v�(�o����÷v�x÷v�ný ö �'�*�\�o÷v� ü �]�;®�¯��;���U�,�'�\÷4�'�.�I�'�\ýk�U�,���]���\�'�.�Z¡

í�í

hdi8Ë hmÐ+Ë

hm® Ë hd¯nË

hm« Ë hº¼<Ë

=/>N?O@T9;¡¸½A%KB [OQ»+�.q<;¾«¿"+�9 7 058b¿F9�Q/059E¾,-�¿�3x058 7 0B8 k 3�¿F9 ? ¿ k -/<nºh9:++��-�<nº 7 < k .q<;¾,+/9v¿�< ~ 0,¾ »�¼$¼ ½ k +�<y3 7 ¿ � �536059E¾�80B8 k - ? 0 ~ 0&9E¾�8�059}¾�0 ~Qk 8{059E¾"360 7 05<+º ? -/. ? <�.}8 ùSRUTWV b¦����

À ÁÃÂ0ÄÆÅ�Ç*È�É Ê

Ë Ì§ÍÏÎÑÐ ÎÏÍ Ò#ÓÕÔ Ö×ÍÏØ�̧Ù`Ö×Ú`Ð Ù�ÛÜÌ�Ð Ý ÛÜÞßÎÑÐ

à áÑÓãâ¨Ù·ÍÏÔ ä Ú·ÍåÌ�ÓÕæÏÙ·ÍÏÔ

ç Ô�è é ØSêEDUë�ìIÚkÛyê"Ö'ësØ

í°���v�(� ö ���'�\�n÷v�b¯*�\�'�.�'�\÷����÷v�©î º´ï�ðºñ�ò�óo¾«¿�ñ�ô8õ�ö�ï;ó�÷]ø,óZù î ô î ö�¾«ò�ñ�ôv¿�ú,ö î£�\�.���.�ný ö �v�'��� ö ���.� ù ¤�¥ ��¹v�]»�����.�Z¡·ût�,���'�>�]�\�\�'���'¹v�>�.���*ª��]���'���\÷0�Z�]���,�\� �«ó]ø�ø î�ü�ý ðºóþù î �,�X���©�\�'���U�o�'�C��� �m÷4�q�.�������o�v�,��� ���,�q�����\�����n÷$�\��;���q�,�'�J� ü �U�.���,�>�'�\÷v�,�\�'�J�\÷ÿ�\���\�'�n÷\���ý �\�.�>�.�ný ö �v�'��� ö ���.�Z¡b�W�.�J� ö �'�,���o� ö ���.�J�4�\�f÷v���v�>�m÷4�'�,�'�.�'�'�\÷���'�n÷����'���\�k���¸� ö ���'�§�.�,�����.�k�4�\�t���n÷����\÷±ý©�.���\�'�>�\� � ó�ð ¿«õ î ò �`�;�¨�����m÷4�k�\�����v�&÷v�,�\���'�n÷\���4�v�o�`�����'¹v���º®��� �÷v�k�.�n÷��v�o�\���]�����n÷��\���.�ný ö �v����� ö ���o¡ ¶ �]�£�.�n÷��v�o�\���]�����n÷��n÷6�����v��»9�\÷��'�\÷v�}���,�`�÷}�q�.�,�'�,�\�����'���'���\���4�v��\�¥�\���\�'�n÷\���ý �,�(�÷v�¥�'�\÷v�,�\�I�\�n÷÷v�.�Z¡\í°���v�(�,���v�;���,�'�n÷v�I�\�n÷v�¥���¥�.�nýk�U�����'�\ý©�\÷��°�\���.�.�(�.�ný ö �v����� ö ���.��E�]�I���]�\�U�����S¯����X�'�\ýk�U�,���]���\�'�C±«�.�������,���\÷��'�¥�\���.�n÷����'��» �'�Z���,�����n÷8�\÷��'�\ýk�U�,���]���\�'�*�;�?�.�ný ö �v����� ö ���X����;��ý©�4�\�,���]�'�,�\�´³°���6¯C�÷v�X���,���'���;� ý©���\�,���]�'�,�\�C±«�.�4�����,���\÷4�'�£�\�X�4���\�þ³�¡U¢V÷���÷W�j÷v���v���.�'���mý©�,�'�n÷v��������]�;®��\���.�ný ö �v�������n÷Àý�� ®��mý��]�����v����¹E�����v�£�.�ný ö �v����� ö ���*�,���v�;���*�.���I�\÷xý©�.���\�'�£�����\÷v�;�\�'�,�Z¡ ¶ ���\�I�÷v��.�n÷��v�o�\���]�����n÷J�\�I�.�ný ö �v�'��� ö ���S�o�]�����\�.�o�q���.�A�m÷��q�\÷4���]���'�.�(�\÷����,���m÷\���\�.�t�,�A���,�\���,�q�����\�����n÷��U�\÷v�v��÷��t� � ������� »�;���]�����n÷Â÷v���v���U�,��ý©�,�����'�n÷��S�]�����'�(�����,��� ö �����b�\�.� ö ������÷v�(�\�°�\�'���;�v�,�����n÷����J�.�n÷v�'�ný^ý��]�����n÷��\�pý��]�����,�'���.�.� ö ������÷v�t�.�n÷v���������v�,�'�n÷4�t�E�]�t���£�'�\���'�I�\�.�A�\�n÷÷v�.�.���\�n÷4�t�n÷��'�b�'�,���������£�v��÷v�Á÷v�����'�S�,���v�\�S�\�I�'�.�\÷E�]�����o��\�*������÷v�'�������n÷��q�,�'�°�\�.�°� ü �'��\ý©�.����¹

/ ����� ¡ � ÷��m÷��'�,��,�¥�E�]�������,�\�����,���'�,���©�\�n÷v���������'��¯k�����\�'���;�v�,�����n÷��� ���� � �]�m÷v���y�4�W�¸�]�;®>�Z�]�E���,���'�.�S��� �m÷v�,�m÷v�,���]�����n÷��;�J�\���\�'�n÷\���ýÕ�\�£�'¹E���4�v��� ü �U�£�\���.�ný ö �v����� ö ���o¡

�{d9g�dhg �Il���mqrWs��9x��Bl�no~��`z{u§|�z����hz·nory�A~hz�� uE��mqxElUj�nouEzAm � uvl�z!� x#"%$vmqu�{����®;�U�,�����\÷v�.���'�.��¹÷v�������o�����v�S���.���\���'���.�q�.�����t�.�ný ö �v�'��� ö ��� ù'&)( ± �+* 2

» ¶ � * 2³W�U�,��ý©�,�·�]��²����\�'��� ¹��\�

���¸�.�q�������÷v� ö �n÷÷v�k�.�n÷÷E�]���'�´��÷v�.�k�\�.�£�.�ný ö �v����� ö ���.�X�]�8�\���\�'�n÷\���ý�¡-,S�v�k�.�k�'�����£�v��÷v�£�\�.�Ký��]�������.�.���¹v�������ý ���?�\����÷\���ý��U�n÷8� ö �'�,���q�,�������\�S�����\¹ ü �'�����v�X�\�.�¥� ü �'��\ý©�.�°¯ ö ���'�X�\���\���\�'�n÷\���ý �\�.�¥��.��,�'�ö ���\÷?�.�n÷÷4�v�Z�E�;�Jª �]���b�\�������\�'�.���\÷v�.�*�\�£�.�,�I�,���\ý©�\÷4�Z�E���\�I���£�.�nýk�������'�\ý©�\÷4�°�;�?�.�ný ö �v����� ö ���o¡)/������'�.�

¦10;¦

�,�b�\�"²'¯��n÷��U�,�\�b�\÷��,���'�,�b���.�(�\���m÷v�,���E�]�;®2�

• � ÷����U�.�,���'�-÷v�,�\���'�n÷\���4�v�£�\���v�°�;�\�S�;��ª��]���S�\�£���k�\�,�o�����v�]�����n÷8�\�£���k�E�]�������*��¹v�,��ýk���4�v�£�E�]�S���.��������'�����.�b�;���\���\�'�n÷\���ý��\ª������I� ö �'��� ö ��÷��'�f÷v�,�\���'�n÷\�����v�.�°¯��.�.�I�\÷v�,���o���.�Z¡

• � ÷v�·�;�mýk�m÷��\�����n÷��\�·� �������Z���,���'�t�\�.���U�����'�n÷v� ÷v�,�\���'�n÷\���4�v�.�W�\���������'�.�y�����\�y���·�'�,�o���]�q�A�\�·���b�,���������,���'��;���43¥�\�Z¡]ût�t�'�,���b���A�Z�����;� ö ���'�A�'����� ö �������\���.���y�\���������'���U���\�y���{�\���������]�q�¥±«�,�N�'� ö �.�'���m÷*� � �m÷�²��.�,�����n÷���¸���,���\� ö �������4�v�£�\�£���.�,�\�����'�*�v��÷v�b���*�,���'�,�\���b�\���mý��]���'�þ³I�]�m÷v�'�y���v���\�.� ö �]���'�.�I�\�£�.�ný^ý���÷v�\�X�\÷5

4ûB�4�\�W�.�n÷v���������v�\÷��S���£� ü ����\ý©�����¸�]����,�I��� �\���q�\÷v�.�o¡

• � ÷��.�nýk�������'�\ý©�\÷4��� ü ÷E��ýk���4�v�>�\���v�k�4�ºª¥�;���'�Z���,�'�,�\���4�\�b�.�n÷v�;�\�����6¯}�\�.�k������÷v�����'�����'�.���\���v����]�\���\�.�þ�y�;�6ª �]���*�\�k���xý©���m÷v�;�'���\�'���U���������n÷§�\�^÷v�,�\���'�n÷v���'�,���]�'�\�.�>±«��ª���� ö ���Z�]�76v¡�¦þ³¥���'�'�v�£�\�.��E�������n÷v�A�;�C�\���\�'�n÷\���ý��4�4�\�L�]�\�����'�\÷v�v��÷v�.�¥¯£� ö �]���'���,�A���(�'�\ýk�v�Áý©� ü �\÷>�\÷����'�S�\�,�;®©�q�\÷v�,���]�����n÷v��\�-÷v�,�\���'�n÷v��±P�E�]�b���]�\�U�����S¯X�÷��.�ný ö �v����� ö ���98 &)( �.�n÷��q�\÷4�����n÷÷v�,�f³�¡

•ût�ný^ý©�t���.�����'���'���U�.�N�;���\���\�'�n÷\���ý �'�n÷4�`�\�.�r÷v� ü �]�;®*ª������'�\ý©�\÷��`�'�.�'�n÷÷E��÷��'�{�]�;®X�\÷v�,���o���.�`��¹v�,��»ýk���4�v�.�Z��� ����.U�,���\�.���.�n÷4���'��» �'�Z���,�����n÷v�:/¥���\�\���,�t�'�,�������.�,���W¡<;�÷������m÷v�=�.���v�\ý©�\÷4�Z�4��������� ö ���������]�����n÷>�\������'�Z���,�����4���'�C�'�,���>�\���v�������Z���.�©�����'�X��� �÷v�©��®;�,�\�'�'���n÷§�\÷6�'�\ýk�U�,���]���\�'�o¡`ût�,�U�\÷v�v��÷��Z�N���©�.�����k»�,���\÷4���\�������\�k�'�,����ý©���m÷v� ö �n÷6�;�}ª �]���£��� �÷v�k�\���v�¥ª������'�©�.�n÷v�.�\÷������]�����n÷0�\÷ ö ���'�k������� ö ���©�v��÷v����Pý©�4�\�,���]�'�,�\�¥�,�I�÷v�£ª«�����'�*�'�\÷v�,�\�S�\÷ �> � ¶ �*�E�\�n÷4�I���.�'�E�'�����n÷v�I���]�\���\�.�I�U�,�\�q�\÷��¥�.�n÷������ ö �v�,�£¯ª �]���'���'�\ý©�n÷4�'�,�I���X�'�Z���,���������'�£�����'�b�\�����X�U�,���'�£�4�E�������'�����]���£�;�xý©���\�,���]�'�,�\�Z¡

?A@CBED FEG H ÿ ��I ��¹ ���J� ����� ��IKC� ���L ¶ � �>NM ¶ �βr

½;¡O0QP ¦o¡ 6SRTP 0;¡¸½VUTP 0;¡OUW6<P 0;¡¸½;¦XP 0;¡OYW6ZP

[��-\^]_6v¡�¦a`cb óoð î ö�òXõ î βr d ïLò�ñ´ï;ñoò�¾«¿�ñ�ô6õ î ô î ö;¾«ò�ñ�ôvø£ò î ¾ óoò�õSe�ø(ï;ñ�ö�ò*ð î øtïLò�¿fôgf.¿¸ï;óoöih�ôLño÷oóoöih'j·ø�ø�¿fð î øCk�l<mCn�A� �\�����������]�����ioC�\�qp &)( ��¹ ¶ � * 2

�ro��'�Z���,�'�,�\�tsvu V ov�b�\�,�����]���A�E���Z�q�ro��\���wov�,�����o�4�;�x.U�,�'�,�t�����Vo\�x�E�Z�]���º»�q�ry©�ro4�`�\�A���b�'�.��¹_ov�������o���b�]��²����\�'��� ¹4�\��y��{z��������'�.���\�.���'�Z���,�'�,�\�'�·¯b�Z�]�X�\�����������Wo4�`�;�X�\���\�'�io\���_y����.�iyy©�� � �������v�����'�¥�����Z���(�;�J�'�Z���,�'�,�\��u V s��v�4�\���U�,�\�b�roJ�\���wov�,���U�|�,���'��ü ñXhSe ¯>¦10V0TP�¡\í°���v�b�.�q�iov�þ�v�v�Wov�(�.�,���'��,���v�\�o��ª �]�������k�'¹v���º®6�\�k���wy��\���,�£�_o7svu V~}=�_�_� �.�io��q�ro4�����io_ov�,�t�,�£�\���q�����*�4�v�,�·�A���U�k�\�k�.�io��v�o�\���]�����io�.�iy��\�v�����w�\������¹ ¶ �������\�o�]���b�Z�¸���v�]�\�'�,�°¯��.�£�A�������\���'�Z���,�'�,�\�Z�E���Wov�:y©���;�x�E�Z�]�����io?�\�¥�����q�.�iy©�,�������o¡

�IuEp���m�~9��j\~I�Al�z������~�ouEz��S���AuEz��V�qrN�A~A�`zAu���y�.��ov�1���]�;® ��I ��¹y� ���J ¶ ��� ���L ¶ �£� �>�� ¶ ��� �>NM ¶ �*� �>I ¶ �*� �>NMN� y���\�'�.�'�ro4�'�A�ro©�4�E�Wo������'�b�'���Vo\�x�E�Z�]�����q��v�Wov�������.�iy��\�v�����w�\������¹ ¶ � * 2

�_�.�£���©�\�r�\�\���\�k� � ���������;���]�����ioW���'�,�'�io4�£���.�£�\���wov�,���E�]�;®§���,�'�,�\�'�����\�£����\���Wo�ov�,�\���'�io\���4�v�o¡{�W��o4�v�,���,���\� �>NM � y�·�ry©�,���'�,�\� α

�,�γ�·�.�����\�'���;�\���k�E�]�©�\�.���wo��'�,�o���]�����io

β−�;�

�>NM ¶ �×±��1/2 = 14.35

�Wov�´³�¡ � �wov��� �L�����'�¥�\���.�,���'���,���v�\�o�U�io����,���C�Wy©�rov�k¯C�\���#o\���°�\���v�'���,�\�'�����E�]�����'�.�¦10o½

�;�8�\���\�'�io\���_y�¡W�y�>�4�E�]�����'���;�8�\���\�'�io\���_y��W���\�·�\�,�U�rov�8�\���'�io8�������o�wov�k�,�£�\�X���io��]�q��±P�'�ryk�v���]�\��.��'�,�E�]���]�����ioL³��E���,���k�\���#o\�����E�]�b���¥�q�.�,�'�,�\�I�\�*�.�.�b���º®>���'���'�����.�þ¡

� �v� uEz���|�z�s(r��qu�����~��q~���zAu�W�.�£�������'�iov�*�'�����_�\���.�£�v�Wov������y©���\�,���]�'�,�\�Z�y�.�iyy©�k�����U���'�o���q�����ro4�£���,�\�*�����Z���,���'�©���¸�W�v�'�����\�����io

�o���Wov�\�ry©�ro��(�;�wyk�wo��v�.�¥¯��Z�]�v�'�I�\�(�����\�,�o�����v�]�����io>�;�����U�.�,���'�:ov�,�\���'�io\�����v�S�v�Wov�A�����E�]�������b��¹v�,��yk���4�v�±P���¨�'�.�,�����ioB�����Z���.�8���¸�W�v�������\�����ioÿ�;� ME� 5 �.���>�ro

1/v³�¡��{�����'�;�'�8�\�?�o���Wov�\�,�\�J�\���.�,���'�������Z���,���'�

±��]�\�'���\�I�\�£½]�U�ryZ� �\�_y����U���\�(�_oJ�.�iy��\�v�����w�\������¹ ¶ �L³t�'�,�����'���\�q�ro4�b��� �_o>ª����,�'�,�\�'�X����6��\���v��ª �]�w�\������v���U���\�`�_ok�.�iy��\�v�����w�\���+8 &)( ±��]�\�'���\�A�\�:RS���ryZ� �\�_yC³��Tov�.�.�.�'�������Wo��{���¸�]�\�Vy©�ro4�'�,���;��y �ry©�tª ���,�'�,�\����k�.�iov�.�ro������]�����io}�ro��U���'�£�,�����������v�o¡

ç�¡N¢ £�¤¦¥ ë�ì9§�¨ ¤ª©¬«g«�¤�¥¦­ ¨®°¯ ¤

�y���q�.�iy©�,�������°���'���ry��\���]�q�I�4�W� �\���������'�'ov�����'�:y©�4�_�,���°���,�'�I�\���#o\���S�v�Wov�{���b��¹E�]�\�����'�I�\�'�.�.�.�\�ro4�Z¡4¢{������.�����'�.���U�iov��¯C�_o����'�'�ry��\���]�q���\���A�����Qsvu#± }�_�_� ¡�²S�ry��]�'���v�iov���4�v��ov���v�|ov�k�.�iov�����\�,�'�iov���E���þ���v�Wov��.�,���'�©�,���v�\�o�U�����;�x.U�,�'�ro4�����]�����io§�\�X�'�rov�,�\�'�£�\���\���\�'�io\���_y �U���\�¥���.�£�,���4�q�iov�*��� �_o����'�'�ry��\���]�q�?±³ov���v�oW� �wyk�\���ry©�ro��'�iov���\�iov���E���I�\��´ ñ�ô�óZù îXµþ³�¡Lût���'¹v���º®����wyk�\���x�E�Z�]�'�,�\�°�'�¥���'���\�q���,���'�*�.�iyk�E�]���w�\�����.�q�.�*����'¹v���º®>�'�.�'¹_ov�������o���4�v�*�ro4�4�����]�q�o�;�U���\�b���'�'�ry��\���]�q�.�+p &)( �\�.�(�43¥�\�'�'u#±#s���ov�io�¶Z�iov�.�Z¡\í°���v�t���]�\���,���iov����,�W���.�b���U�.�,�x�E�Z�]�����iov�b�q�.�iy©�,�������4�v�.�S�\���������'�.�.�Z¡

· �V��z��~�oz��T¸���|�~A�hz{x#¸���|������ �¹�¸#��z�W�.�·�;�x.��,�'�ro��'�.�A�o���������.�b±��]�ov�iy��\�'�b�\�:R¥�v�Wov�`�_oZsvu#± }�_�_� ³y�4�\�E���'���\�'�ro��·���°�����W�\�������'���q�,�������Z�]���I�\�.�

�,���4�q�iov���v�Wov��� �¸���'�'�ry��\���]�q�ov�k�'�io����E�����'�wy*�\���.�.�£�v�Wov�|ov�����'���q�.�iy©�,�������o¡ ¶ ���\�£�\�'�rov�;�'���ro6�.�iyk�\�'�ov�Z�Wo_y©���wov�°���.�I�Z�]�\���\�'�.�S�E�]���������'�.�I���\�S�.�.�I�������v�,���\�'�.�Z��ov���v�S�'�wy*�\���iov�S���,�\�b�\�'�.�'�rov�.�*�ro��;�����E�Wo��S���,�\��.�iyk���o�'�������io>�v�Wov�t���ay��]�'�,�����]��y©�4�\�,���]�'�,�\�Z¡vût�,���'�¥���wyk�\���x�E�Z�]�����io��.������� �v���]�q�o�4�E�]�(��®;�ryk�\���o�;�v�Wov�t����Z�]���,�\��� � ������������.U�.�,���v�.�I¯Zu#º%»¼sv½ º��,�(�\�'�.�'�ro��'�.�°�v�Wov�(���|�U�rov�'¹_y��]��¾>�\�'�.�.�.�\�ro���±«��ª�¡E�'¹E�]�\�����'���q³�¡

¿�À ~A� À ����� À �9z�Á��I¸g��¸_� � À ��� À �Â�Ã��ÁÄ�I¸��¶ �]�S�'���v�,�N�\�*���wyk�\���x�E�Z�]�����ioW�gov���v�°oW�¸�Z�q�iov�I�E���°�'¹v�,�'��¹v�X¯k�'�wy*�\���,�Z���v�Wov�°ov�����'�qy©���_�,���*���¸�����'�ry�»

�\���]�q�o�W���.�£�;�x.��,�'�ro��'�.���E�]���'�.�C±«�,�*���o���������iov�£�����\�*�.�.���E�]���'�.�´³¥�\���U�����'�io��.�iov�'�iyy��W�\���C���\�A���,�\�q�ro4�MIÅ{ÅWÆÂÇwÈNÉaÆ°ÊÌË�Ë�È�Í�Î{È�ÏVÐÌÑIÈ�ÉWÊ=ÒIÓXÑIÈCÔSÎ{ÕOË�Ë�Ð�Ó{Ë^Î{ÊÌÉWËvÔwÖ È�Ê=ÓqÎ{Óa×NÕOÑI×NÓWÕØÒ%Å{ÑIÕOÆ°ÊÌÕØÑIÈ�Ù CÚSÈ�ÒIÈNÑIÆ:È%Û�ÜÌÝVÞCß4à-Î{áN×NÑIÕØÒgÔâÊ�ÎXÕOãTá�ÑIÈCÉ4ÒIÕäÊÒIÕOÐ�É<å4ÊÌÓtË�ÈCÕOÉ°ÎXÓÄÆ:æCÆ:ÈvÊ=Ë�Ë�ÈCÆÄÏ{ÔâÊÌç�ÈÌå4Î{ÈvÔâÊ^ÒIÈCÉ{ÈCÓ{Ñ�ÈCÉÄÅWÔOÓ{ÒIÐÌÉWÕOÓWÆ2ÎXÈCËg×�ÑAÊ�èrÐ�ÉWËCÙé ÈCÓXê1ëì×NÕ4Ë�Ð�É4Ò�ÈCÉXÑIÕO×�í{ÕâË�Î{ÕØãTáNÑIÈCÆ:Æ:ÈCÉ4ÒSË�ÈCÔOÐ�É�ÔOÈCÓ{Ñ�ÅVÐ�Ë�ÕØÒIÕOÐ�ÉtÎ{ÊÌÉ{Ë~ÔwÖ ÊÌË�Ë�ÈCÆ�ÏWÔâÊÌçÌÈ�ÙÌÚ<È)îNÐ�ÉiÊ=ç�ÈgÈCË�Ò_ÕOÉ4Ò�ÑIÐ1Î{ÓWÕØÒ�ÎWÊÌÉ{Ë_Î{ÈNË<ÑIá�Ê=×NÒIÈCÓ{ÑIË

ÓXÒIÕâÔOÕOËIÊÌÉ4Ò�ÎXÓ°ï|ð%ñ�×NÔäÊ=Ë�Ë�Õâò1Ó{ÈÄÇwó%ë³ô#ÓVÍ�ÅVÐÌÓ{Ñ)ÊÌÅWÔâÊÒIÕOÑ�ÔäÊ�ÎXÕâË�Ò�ÑIÕOÏ{Ó{ÒIÕOÐ�É°ÔOÐ4×�ÊÌÔOÈ^Î{È�ÅWÓ{ÕâË�ËIÊ=ÉW×CÈ%ÈNÒgÑIá�Î{Ó{ÕOÑIÈ�ÔOÈCËgÅWÕO×CË�ÎXÈ�ÅWÓWÕOË�ËIÊ=ÉW×CÈõ ÔwÖ ÕOÉ4ÒIÈNÑ ¼ Ê=×CÈ�ÈNÉ1Ò�ÑIÈöÎ{ÈCÓXêaÊ=Ë�Ë�ÈCÆÄÏ{ÔâÊÌç�ÈNË%óöð%ñö÷�ï|ð%ñ�Ùø 0V�

Ç�ÊrÍ�ù-Ë�Ë�ÈNÆÄÏWÔâÊ=ç�È�úVûXüVý þ�ÿ��

��� @����ì@WB��� ��C@���wG �CD � ���OUVYVRo½�yR B��� ��C@���wG �CD � 6��O0��W6SY�yyR � � G ?��~HC@�B��� ��N@���wG �CD � 6����iYV0V0�yyR �w@��� � @CG H� Y����i�V0�yyR � � G ?��~HC@��x@��� � @CG H� U�� ø ½V��yy "! �wF~B��ìD D @CD �<B��� ��N@���wG �CD � ø �¸½VUVY$#ry "! �wF � ������ ��CD � � � ½ ø �OYV0W6%#ry& �� _G 'âD � (�TH*) � � @ 0��OYV�VR�yy

ÇwÏVÍ,+XÅVáN×CÕ.-i×�ÊÒIÕâÐÌÉWË�ç�áNÐ�Æ:áNÒ�ÑIÕâò4ÓWÈCË

/1032Ä]#6�� ø `54 ó�ò�óTf76Ae,ò*8fø�698�ú,ö î ø°ùSe�ñ ü e76«ò*8�ú,ö î ø�õ;: ö�ô}ó]ø´ø î�ü�ý ð�óZù î|svu�± ø<6 ó�ôLõqóoò�õ>=�<?A@�BDC(@�E7F�Bro>?�B7FHG�IWo�FKJ�I%C(@LIM?ANPO>Q�B���R;IS#7Tio�F�E7O�Q�Bro�#7BUNwyyVE7G�N�IM?�B$G(BD#7B<?A?�BWF�Nwy$C(JXNx�Y#ZIM?ANPTio[B7F�?HIMJPT�@�F\Q_o�B@�E7F�B<@A]^BKG,_`IWo>?ANX@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�Ea?�T�?LIMJPBryVBro�?\I�F�FAQ_yVE7B\CYIM@1JPB'�bT�@�BHF�T�JXQ_�(JPB\G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�\í\T�?A@�BKFANwyDQ(J�IM?ANPTioFAQ(@�B7F�?ANwyVBKG(Tio�#HJ�IW]�IMJPB<Q(@cG�Q���T�@�BH#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�BaB<?1CYIM@d#7Tio�F�E7O>Q�Bro�?eF�T�Q�FfgB7F�?ANwyVB\J�ID]�IMJPB<Q(@eIW��F�T�JXQ�BaG�Qh#7TMfB��%#<NPBro�?1G(Be]�NPG�IWo(i^Bkj9O�Q�BdJl_.TiomG(E7FANX@�Bei>IM@�G(B<@Äo�E<i>IM?AN�n�o��\ûK_.B7FA?pG(Tio�#\Q_oq#ZI�Fr]^T�JPTio>?LIMNX@�BryVBro�?cC�B7FLFANwy$NPFA?�BO�Qs_.Tioh#�t�B<@�#Lt�BWuW]�IMJXNPG(B<@Z�

ç�¡wv x ë ¥zy ®c{�®d| « ëe} ì ¤�«�~7� |�ê ¤�« } ¤�� êY{Uëd}W|�� ��¤�« ¤ } ��ë ¥¦­k��« ê�| ­ ¨ ¤����D���¤ ê���ë ¥¦­k��« ê�| ­ ¨ ¤������

R�It��i�Q(@�B�6��O�dG(Tio_o�BpJPB7F;FACbB7#<?A@�B7F%o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7F�G�IWo�F;JPBp#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB1#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7F�C�T�Q(@�G(B<Q��UF���FA?�ryVB7FZ�Jl_ Q_okud#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB:8 &)( �"JPB�G(B<Q���N��ryVBpG(B�?A��C�B��1t���Qs�MRsBpF�C�B7#<?A@�B�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�BrG�QD#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBt�1t���QB7FA?Z��CYIM@c@LIMC(CbT�@A?eIMQhFACbB7#<?A@�BKG�IWo�FdJPBK#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB98 &)( �_o�B<?A?�BryVBro>?\C(JXQ�F õ�ö4ò � * o�CbB<Q(?r]�NPFAQ�B<JXJPBryVBro�?#7Tio�FA?LIM?�B<@WJl_`IW��F�Bro�#7BmG(B��«ý ñ]ø´ø î��\?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�BSG�IWo�FWJPBSFACbB7#<?A@�BqG�Q5#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��1t���QÂ�;JPB7F9o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FZ�@LIMJPBro�?ANPFrG�IWo�FrJPB�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�j9FAQ(@rJPB\i�@LIMC(t�B���#7B7FÄo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F ó�ò�ò*8³� î ôY6Uï;ó�ò°ðºó©õoò�ñ�896 îMo���FLTio>?1Bro>?AN��<@�BryVBro>?IW��F�T�@��bE7F�CYIM@;JPB7F�NPF�T�?�T�CbB7F�G�QDC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh�{o�T�?LIWyyVBro�?�CYIM@�J�Id@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7BcudBro�]�NX@�Tio0��`�VYeBg� G�Q ���L ��QeB<?u ø Bg�¡G�Q �>�� ��QU�* o¢FZ_`IM?A?�Bro�G£u¤I7]^T�NX@�IMJPT�@�FZ��CbT�Q(@%JPBh#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB[G(B�?A��C�B �1t���Qs��C(JXQ�FSG(Bmn9Q(NX?�B7F%G(B o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�Ft�T�@�FdG�Q¥#43HQ(@eO>Q�BUG�IWo�FdJPBa#ZI�FeG�Q¥#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�8 &)( �(#7B�F�Tio>?\Bro¦B�.bB<?Z��JPB7F:o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F\G,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBUC(JXQ�F

ò�ó´ï�8�õ î\O>Q(Nl�^I1�>IWo>?rC(JXQ�F�G(Bc#LtYIWo�#7B7FpG,_.E7#LtYIMC(C�B<@cIMQ��k#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B7FrG�IWo�F�JPBd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���Tio>?pIMJPT�@�F�Q_oVJXNw�(@�BCYIM@�#7T�Q(@�F'yVT1�^BrohC(JXQ�Fei�@LIWo�GhB<?cQ_o�BaC(JXQ�Fci�@LIWo�G(BUC(@�Ti�YIW�(NXJXNX?�EUG(BKn9Q(NX@dt�T�@�FdG�Q¦#43HQ(@Z�

R�I���i�Q(@�B:6��O�HG(Tio_o�BcJPB7F�FACbB7#<?A@�B7F�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7F�#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7F�CbT�Q(@�JPB7F�G(B<Q��$F���FA?�ryVB7FZ�^uHG(B<Q��$Bro�G�@�T�NX?�FG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�FWG(BVJ�Imi^E7TiyVE<?A@ANPBSG�Q�#43HQ(@��sBro�FLT�@A?ANPB%G(B7FDI�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FDC�E<@ANXC(t�E<@ANPO�Q�B7FWG�Q�#43HQ(@Z�;B<?WG�IWo�F

ø 0W6

1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100MeV

1e-06

1e-05

0.0001

0.001

0.01

dN

/dL

og

(E)

U.A

ThPu 8.5 % UOX 3.7 %

/10�2t]~6��`�q`m§ ï î f76«ò î ø�ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô�8�ú,ö î ø£õ�ó�ô\øSð î f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î d ï;ñoö4ò¥ö�ôJø´÷]ø�6g¨ ü©îq©;ª�« ö[¬g­�=�®�¯ î ô « ö"° î 6·ö�ôø´÷]ø�6g¨ ü©î¦±p²�³ ¬Al�=g´�¯ î ô�µA¶�· ± ° �

1e-10 1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e-05 0,0001 0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 100

MeV

1e-06

1e-05

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

dN

/dL

og

(E)

(U.A

)

Dans le modérateur de la cuve (UOX)

Sortant du coeur UOXDans le modérateur de la cuve (ThPu)

Sortant du coeur ThPu

/10�2t])6��O��`¥§ ï î f76«ò î øXô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô�8�ú,ö î ø�ø.ñ�ò<6 ó�ôY6(õ�ö¼f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î ¬w¸�ð�óCø´ö�ò�¹.óTf î ° î 6(õqó�ôvø*ð î�ü ñZõ<e�ò�ó^6 î ö4ò©õ îðºóQf,ö<� î d ï;ñ�ö�ò°ö�ôJø�÷ ø<6g¨ ü�îV©;ª�« öº¬g­�=�®�¯ î ô « ö»° î 6`ö4ôJø�÷]ø�6g¨ ü�îS±p²�³ ¬�l�=l´^¯ î ô µ¶· ± ° �>Q_o�Bdn�T�NPFrG�IWo�FJl_.BZIMQhJPB7FeG(B<Q���FACbB7#<?A@�B7FdF�Tio�?e#7Tiy$C(J��<?�BryVBro>?ayVT�G(E<@�E7F\B<?dF�BaFAQ(CbB<@AC�T�FLBro>?Z�

Jl_.BZIMQ�O�Q(N�JPB7FUBro�?�T�Q(@�B��;¼¼�ryVBVFAN�JPB7F|o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FWF�T�@A?LIWo�?UG�Q¤#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBZ�1t���Q½F�Tio>?D#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro>?WC(JXQ�F@LIMC(NPG(B7FZ��Bro yVT1�^Bro_o�B���O�Q�BU#7B<Q��¦F�T�@A?LIWo�?\G�Q¥#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB 8 &)( �(Q_o�Ban�T�NPFKG�IWo�FdJl_.BZIMQ[G�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@

ø 0VY

����CbB�G(Ba#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB �1t���Q½j�R��OYTP$o �|*1¾ j������VP$oCb ¿`ÀÀ a � ���xG ÁA@�� ? � �9à � 2 �lÄ U ø 0V0 �VUV0V0k Å�Æ ¿ B�ÇS@� (��?�9' � ������ ��ND � � � Ä ø �O0V0V0(j�YV0^o ø �O0V0V0(j�YV0^o

k∞ ¿ � ������ ��CD � � � Ä ø �O0 ø U(j�RV�^o ø �O0W6S0(j³6 ø o� ��F"�(G�IWo�FdJl_.BZIMQ¦G(BHJ�I$#<Q(]^Bqj³o�Tio���T�@�E7B"ocÈÉn3Q(NX?�B7F ¿`À � �Ê����xG ��? Ä 6��`�TP ���O�TP� ��FZ�(G�IWo�FeJl_.BZIMQ¦G(BHJ�I$#<Q(]^BVj³�bT�@�E7B"odÈËn9Q(NX?�B7F ¿`À � �Ê����xG ��? Ä Y��OYTP 6��O0TP

(k∞ − 1)/k∞j3C�#ryqo ø UVYV0 ���V0V0

[pÌ-\^]^6��`��`¤«bî ò�6 î ø>ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô�8�ú,ö î ø�ôLñoò ü ó�ð�8�ø1e î ø*ï;ó�òaj·ø�ø�8«ñ�ôͬ%¬ ô d γ °¤Î�¬ ô d α °}õqó�ôvø�ðA: î ó�ö�õ î ðºó�f,ö~� îν¹´ö�896 î ø ª ñ�ò´øXõ î ðºó�f,ö~� î °�ï;ñ�ö�òXö4ô î f�ñ�ô1jNù�ö�ò�ó�698«ñoô¨õ î f�Ïtö�ò ü ñoôLñ�Ð"ó�ø�ø î,ü©ý ðºóZù î ói� î fkö�ô f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î©;ª�« ö î 6Aö�ô�f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î[±�²�³ = b ó�ð î ö4ò´øXõ î k∞

f'ó�ðwf,ö�ðwe î ø7=

JPB7FdF�C�B7#<?A@�B7FdG�IWo�FdJl_.BZIMQ¦G(BaJ�Ik#<Q(]^B�F�BaF�Q(C�B<@ACbT�F�Bro>?eC(@LIM?ANPO>Q�BryVBro�?Z�

��Ñ3Ò�ÑgÓ Ô��{�^ÕA�c�)�^Õ À;ÖË× ¸����)ÁÄ� À �T���^Õ À;Ö � Ö ¸YØ��i� À;Ö Õ���Ø�¸�� × � Ö � �A���(Ø�Ù-¸R�ImC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTio5G(Bo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FWO>Q(N�n3Q(NPBro�?Ut�T�@�FUG�Q½#43HQ(@DG(E<CbBro�G,�;G,_ Q_o�B$CYIM@A?WG(BVJ�Imi^E7TiyVE<?A@ANPBSG�Q

#43HQ(@Z��O>Q(N�C�T�Q(@�o�T�Q�F\B7FA?K#7B<JXJPBUG,_ Q_o ²eÚ����#y%IMNPFHIMQ�F�FAN�G�Q¦?���CbBUG(BDFAC�B7#<?A@�BDG(Bqo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FHB<?\G(Tio�#���G�Q#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBU#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E��

íKT�Q�F\IZ]^Tio�FHE<]�IMJXQ�EDJPB7FeCbB<@A?�B7F°o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7FaG�IWo�F�o�T�?A@�B�yVT�G_�<JPBUG(BD#43HQ(@�yVTio�TMfwI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B��,Bro#ZIMJP#<Q(J�IWo�?eJPB7F\IW��FLT�@AC(?ANPTio�F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7F\G�IWo�FeJl_.BZIMQ¥G(BaJ�IV#<Q(]^BUG�Qh@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@HIMNwo�FAN�O�Q�BaJ�IkC(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTioG(BZo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FVO�Q(N1F"_.E7#�tYIMC(CbBro>?VG(Bm#7B<JXJPB�fg#<Nl�·í\T�Q�FVIZ]^Tio�FkQ_o(NPO>Q�BryVBro�?%#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E���G�IWo�Fk#7Bm#ZIMJP#<Q(Jl��JPB7F#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B7FW@LI�G�N�IM?ANX]^B7F$B<?W@�EZI�#<?ANPTio�Fhj³os�

αoDI4�>IWo>?$JXNPB<Q5G�IWo�FWJl_.BZIMQ���T�@�E7BSG(B%J�I¥#<Q(]^B���uhJl_.B���?�E<@ANPB<Q(@$G(B7F

I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B7FZ�Û T�Q(JXNXiVo�Tio�F\?�T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPF\O�Q�BU#7B<?A?�B�n�I�Ü7Tio¦G,_.B7F�?ANwyVB<@\JPB7FeC�B<@A?�B7FeC(@�E7F�Bro>?�BWG(B7FeJXNwy$NX?�B7FKE<]�NPG(Bro>?�B7F9��B<JXJPB

B7FA?pnlIMNX?�B\FAQ(@1Q_o�B\i^E7TiyVE<?A@ANPBa#43HQ(@cG(Tio>?c?�T�Q�FrJPB7FcI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FeTio>?cG�Q�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBKn9@LIMNPFZ�\ûrB<C�Bro�G�IWo�?Z�#7TiyyVBUJPBUFACbB7#<?A@�BUG�IWo�F\Jl_.BZIMQ¥G(BUJ�IV#<Q(]^BUB7F�?\F�Bro�FANw�(JPBryVBro�?\JPB�y �ryVB��YO�Q�BU#7BDF�T�NX?eCbT�Q(@eJPB7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FF�T�@A?LIWo�?rG,_ Q_om#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBa�1t���QmT�QSG,_ Q_oS#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBq8 &)( �>TioSCbB<Q(?pO�QYIMJXNX?LIM?ANX]^BryVBro>?d#7Tio�#<JXQ(@�BHFAQ(@Jl_ Nwy$CbT�@A?LIWo�#7B$G(B7FKn3Q(NX?�B7FaG(B9o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�Fat�T�@�FaG(BWJ�IS@�E<i�NPTioÝ#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBVBroÞ#7Tiy$CYIM@LIWo>?�JPBW@LIMC(CbT�@A?�G(B7FIW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTio�F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�B7FKG�IWo�FdJl_.BZIMQ¥G(BaJ�I$#<Q(]^BU#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7F\CbT�Q(@cJPB7FeG(B<Q��hF���FA?�ryVB7FZ�(RsBU?LIW�(JPBZIMQ 6��`�G(Tio_o�BS#7B7FU]�IMJPB<Q(@�FZ��RsB%@LIMC(CbT�@A?DG(B7F�ßgCbB<@A?�B7Fà o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�B7F"��CYIM@kIW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTio5G�IWo�FDJl_.BZIMQ5G(BVJ�I¦#<Q(]^BT�Q½n9Q(NX?�Bmt�T�@�F$G,_.B<JXJPB���B7FA?$Bro>]�NX@�Tio ø �OY¥n9T�NPFkC(JXQ�FVi�@LIWo�G5C�T�Q(@kJPB�#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��1t���Qs��C(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTio G(Bo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FpO>Q(N�B7FA?�CbB<@�G�Q�BcCbT�Q(@�JPB:�(NXJ�IWo o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BdG�IWo�F�JPBc#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�� Û Q(@�#7B:y �ryVBc?LIW�(JPBZIMQ%F�Tio�?Nwo�#<JXQ�F�B7FUJPB7F�]�IMJPB<Q(@�FUG�Q¤n�I�#<?�B<Q(@

k∞#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7FWFAQ(@�Jl_`I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^BmI7]^B7#VJ�I¦#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio�G(B�bT�@�B

CbCbT�Q(@1J�I�O>Q�B<JXJPBHTio¦Ik Å�Æ j9#43HQ(@*ocá ø �,j«íKT�Q�FcG(E<?LIMNXJXJPB<@�Tio�Fd#7TiyyVBro>?\Tiom#ZIMJP#<Q(JPB Cb

uDJ�IWF�B7#<?ANPTio�6�� 6�� ø o��

ø 0VU

��Ñ�Ò�Ñ3â ã�Ø�Õ��V¸�� Ö ¸YØ��i� À;Ö Õ���Ø�¸��mÙ����:¸��V�V¸ × ¸ �>ä#�v�~��ÕlÙ�Õ���äRsT�@�FLO>Q�BUJ�IV#7Tio�G�NX?ANPTio

k Å�Æ = 1B7F�?d@�EZIMJXNPF�E7BDC�T�Q(@\JPBqyVT�G_�<JPBUG(BU#43HQ(@�yVTio�TMfwI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B��bJ�IVG�Nx.,E�f

@�Bro�#7B¥jk∞ − k Å�Æ o��,CbB<@�yVB<?UG(B$@�B<?A@�T�Q(]^B<@Z�;G�IWo�FUJPBV#ZI�F�G(B$Jl_â8 &)( �,Jl_.T�@�G�@�B%G(B$i�@LIWo�G(B<Q(@Z�;BroÝ?�B<@�yVB7FG(B�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E���G(B7Fdn3Q(NX?�B7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�B7FKO�Qs_.Tio¦CbB<Q(?\#7TiyyUQ_o�EryVBro�?H?A@�T�Q(]^B<@KG�IWo�FeJ�I$JXNX?A?�E<@LIM?AQ(@�B���F�T�NX?

G(B��V0V0V0[u¼YV0V0V0hCb#ry¦jåO���Mæg�rå 6>�»æ3o�� * o½@�B<?A@�T�Q(]^B�IMJPT�@�FZ��C�T�Q(@WJPBq#ZIMJP#<Q(JdI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B�8 &)( ��Q_o�Bq]�IMJPB<Q(@C�T�Q(@k∞

G,_.Bro>]�NX@�Tio ø �O0W6���#7T�@A@�B7FAC�Tio�G�IWo�?eIMQ��Qo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FcO�Q(Nl�Tos_`I4�>IWo�?cCYI�F1E<?�EeCbB<@�G�Q�F1G�IWo�FpJPB�yVT�G_�<JPBI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B�Nwo��#o(Nl�YIMC(CbT�@A?�Bro>?KBro>]�NX@�Tio�6S0V0V0kCb#ryçG(BH@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EDFAQ(C(C(JPEryVBro>?LIMNX@�B7F"�

ûrB¼y �ryVBº@LIMNPF�Tio_o�BryVBro>?Z�\IMC(C(JXNPO>Q�EÞIMQè#ZI�F��1t���Qs�to�BºC�B<@�yVB<?�#7B<CbBro�G�IWo>?�CYI�F�G,_ NPG(Bro�?ANx�YB<@hQ_oi>IMNwo¢G(B YVYV0V0ÞC�#ryéBro @�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E¤j9#7B¦O>Q(Ne#7T�@A@�B7F�C�Tio�G�@LIMNX?mu[@�B<?A@�T�Q(]^B<@%Q_o

k∞G(B ø �O0VYVYÞBro¢#ZIMJP#<Q(J

I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B"o���#7B<?A?�BD]�IMJPB<Q(@KF�B<@LIMNX?eBroºB�.bB<?KG�IWo�FdJPB�@LIMC(CbT�@A?\G(B7FKIW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTio�F+�1t���Q¥G�IWo�F\J�I$#<Q(]^BUCYIM@@LIMC(C�T�@A?KIMQ��hIW��FLT�@AC(?ANPTio�Fe#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7FeG�IWo�FdJPB�#ZI�FdG(BaJl_â8 &)( �

��Ñ�Ò�Ñ3Ò �\ÕA�êÕ��V¸�� × Ø!�������(Ø����v�W�W¸�� Á��I��"�¸R;IqC(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTio¤G(BDn3Q(NX?�B7F+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7F�t�T�@�FaG�QÝ#43HQ(@�B<?HJPB7FHCbB<@A?�B7FaO>Q�B$#7B7FKn9Q(NX?�B7FHNwo�G�Q(NPF�Bro�?UBro

?�B<@�yVB7FeG(BK@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E|o�BHC�B<Q(]^Bro�?dCYI�F:�<?A@�Ba#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7FeBro�yVT�G(B�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B��#/aIWo�F1Q_ohFACbB7#<?A@�Ba#7TiyyVB#7B<JXQ(NaG�Q£#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��1t���Qs�cIMQ�#<Q_oÂo�B<Q(?A@�Tio£?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B¼o�B¥FLT�@A?qC(@LIM?ANPO�Q�BryVBro>?hG�Qê#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��Ú�o�yVT�G(E<JXNPFLIWo>?aQ_oÝI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B$Bro�y$NXJXNPB<Q[Nwo��#o(Nl�,Tioº@�B<C(@�T�G�Q(NX?UIMJPT�@�FaG(B7Fa#7Tio�G�NX?ANPTio�FUIMQ��ºJXNwy$NX?�B7F�G(BJl_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BqO�Q(N�F�Tio�?�?A@�7FUG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�B7FkG(BV#7B<JXJPB7FDO>Q�BV#7Tio_oYI{zP?A@LIMNX?Z��CYIM@UB��(Bry$C(JPB��sQ_o�I�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^BSBroC�E<@ANXC(t�E<@ANPB$G�QÞ#43HQ(@��JPB7Fao�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FH@�E�ëYE7#�t(NPFa]^B<@�FHJl_ Nwo�?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�F�Tio>?aG�NPFA?A@ANw�(Q�E7FZ�,G�IWo�FKJPBk#ZI�FHG�QÞ#ZIMJP#<Q(JI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B�Nwo��#o(Nl��F�B<JPTio¦JPBaFAC�B7#<?A@�BUBrohEro�B<@Ai�NPBaC(@�T�C(@�BDIMQ�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F\F�T�@A?LIWo>?KG�Qh#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��* @Z�,u%JPB<Q(@HF�Q(@n�I�#7BkB���?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�B���#7TiyyDQ_o�B%I7]^B7#kJl_.BZIMQÞG(BDJ�IS#<Q(]^B���JPB7F�I�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FHCbE<@ANXC(t�E<@ANPO>Q�B7F]^T�NPBro>?�B�.,B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro>?�Q_oVFAC�B7#<?A@�Br?A@�7F�?At�B<@�y%IMJXNPF�E��>RsB7Föo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F�O�Q(N�@�B<]�NPBro_o�Bro>?pG�IWo�F�#7B7F�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F

F�B<@�Tio>?1IMJPT�@�F�#7Tiy$C(J��<?�BryVBro�?cIW��FLT�@���E7FpG�IWo�F�JPBd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���NXJPFp#7Tio>?A@ANw�(Q�Bro�?cIMNwo�F�N�uKnlIMNX@�Bc@�BryVTio>?�B<@rJ�I@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EkJPT�#ZIMJPBryVBro>?Z�,R;B7F�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FUB���?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�F�IMQ(@�Tio�?aQ_o�BD@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EkC(JXQ�FKNwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�B���;wJ;nlIMQ(?#7B<C�Bro�G�IWo�?�?�Bro(NX@�#7Tiy$C(?�BrO>Q�Bp#7B<?A?�B�FANX?AQYIM?ANPTio9o�Br#7Tio�#7B<@�o�B��»G�IWo�F�Q_o9²\Ú����"O�Q�B��VUKI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F�FAQ(@ ø Y^�B<?�O>Q�B1#7B<Q���fg#<Nl��G(BrCYIM@�JPB<Q(@�n�T�@A?�BcIW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTios�>IMi�NPF�FLBro>?�Bro$?LIWo>?�O�Q�BÄ�YIM@A@AN��<@�BcG(B7Föo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F�?At�B<@�y$NPO>Q�B7FC(@�TZ]^BroYIWo�?rG(BcJ�IH#<Q(]^B��>RsBc#ZIMJP#<Q(J�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BeB7FA?�IMJPT�@�F�C(JXQ�F�@�B<C(@�E7F�Bro>?LIM?AN�n;G(B7FpI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F�Nwo>?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�FZ�O>Q(N�#7Tio�FA?ANX?AQ�Bro>?\J�I9y%I»ìT�@ANX?�E�G(B7FKI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FZ�

ûrB<?A?�B$@�Bry%IM@�O�Q�BVB7FA?Z�,Bro¤?�T�Q(?�B$@ANXi�Q�B<Q(@Z�;E<i>IMJPBryVBro�?U]�IMJ�IW�(JPB$C�T�Q(@aJPB%#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�8 &)(Ëí B<JXJPB%B7FA?#7B<C�Bro�G�IWo�?�o>QYIWo�#7E7B¥CYIM@%JPB�nlIMNX?qO�Q�BhG�IWo�FqJPB¦#ZI�FSG�Q¢#ZIMJP#<Q(JHI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BºBro�y$NXJXNPB<Q£Nwo��#o(N+8 &)( �rJPB#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBK]^T�NX?Z��u�FLIUFAQ(@nlI�#7BeB���?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�B��>Q_oSFAC�B7#<?A@�B\O>Q(N�@�B7FA?�BeG(Be?A��C�Be?At�B<@�y$NPO>Q�B�� * oqC�B<Q(?Z��G,_ Q_o�Bn�I�Ü7TiohO�QYIMJXNX?LIM?ANX]^B���#7Tio�#<JXQ(@�B�O�Q�BKJPB ï;ñ�8�õ]ø Bro�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EaG(B7FeI�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FdB���?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�FdG,_ Q_oh#43HQ(@�8 &)(G�Nx.��<@�BZyVT�Nwo�FkG(Bq#7B<JXQ(N1G(B7F$I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FDNwo�?�E<@ANPB<Q(@�FZ��B<?WO�Q�BS#7B<?WE7#ZIM@A?kF�B<@LI�C(JXQ�FWC(@�Tio�Tio�#7EmG�IWo�FWQ_o#43HQ(@'�1t���Qs�

ø 0^�

ç�¡9ç £�¤�« ìD|�îqï�{ ¤ }Iê « ê�ð y�¤�« ì ¤ñy ¨ � ê�ëd}D| �9¥ ��ëd} « |'ìWï�{�ï «^¡íKT�Q�FkE<?AQ�G�NPB<@�Tio�FVG(B<Q���?���CbB7FkG(Bm#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��1t���Q * 2

õ î òe3¹4e,ò î ô)f î<��Bro�G�NPFA?ANwo(i�QYIWo�?VJl_.T�@ANXi�Nwo�BG�QmC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yòO�Q(NbJPB7Fd#7Tiy$CbT�F�B��(��T�Q(@\G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?ANPB<@dJPBHC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yóNPF�FAQ�G,_ Q_oh#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB98 &)( NX@A@LI�G�NPEG(B�#7B<JXQ(N;NPF�FAQhG,_ Q_o¥#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBWG(Ba?A��C�Bp &)( NX@A@LI�G�NPEqo�T�Q�FKI�G(T�C(?�Tio�FeJ�I�o�T�?LIM?ANPTioºB���C(JXNP#<NX?�B���Q @��ô B<?��Q(õ�öw÷�@�B7FAC�B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro�?Z��RsB%?LIW�(JPBZIMQ 6��O�¥G(Tio_o�B%JPB7FD]^B7#<?�B<Q(@�FWNPF�T�?�T�C(NPO>Q�B7F"�sCbT�Q(@D#7B7FWG(B<Q��¤?A��C�B7FWG(BC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�O>Qs_.Tio[#7Tio�FANPG_�<@�B��buVG�NX]^B<@�FK?�Bry$C�FKG(BU@�B�n9@�T�NPG�NPF�F�BryVBro�?HIZ]�IWo�?HFLE<CYIM@LIM?ANPTios� � o�B�CbE<@ANPT�G(BWG(BnlIW�(@ANP#ZIM?ANPTioºG(BDG(B<Q��¦IWo�FKIMC(@�7FKF�E<CYIM@LIM?ANPTio[G�Q¦C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�B7FA?eC(@ANPF�BDBro¥#7Tiy$C(?�BWG�IWo�Fe?�T�Q�F\JPB7Fe#ZI�FKB<?#7Tio�G�Q(NX?\uWJl_`IMC(CYIM@ANX?ANPTioºG(B �>NM � y G�IWo�FcJPBa#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��

����CbBaG(B���Q ��Q @��ô ��Q õ�ög÷ølù�ùgúkû(ü ú^ý$þ�ÿ����^ú>ù�������� 8 &)( j ��IK � ���OYTP$o p &)( j9��Q¼R��`� P$o

�� "ú��Dû��cþ�ÿ����^ú�ù�����ÿ»ý���ÿ��� � �V�0V0V0$¼���ì�»? 6S�VYV0V0V¼���ì�»?²\B�n3@�T�NPG�NPFLF�BryVBro>?\IZ]�IWo�?eF�E<CYIM@LIM?ANPTio Y$IWo�F �V0VIWo�F Y$IWo�F �V0%IWo�F

238 ��Q jIP (��D�� Ä ø �OYVU ø �O�VR 6��O�W6 ���`���239 ��Q jIP (��D�� Ä UV0��O��� UW6��`�VR �^���OU^� 6>��� ø �240 ��Q jIP (��D�� Ä �V���`� ø �W6��`�VU � ø �O��� �W6��`�VU241 ��Q jIP (��D�� Ä R��OR^� ���ORVU ø ���OUV� 6��`���242 ��Q jIP (��D�� Ä Y�� ø 6 Y��OYW6 ø �����iY ø 6��`�^�241 � y jIP (��D�� Ä 0��`�V0 0��`��� ø �`�VR 0�� 6S�

��Bro�B<Q(@eBro��YF�F�NXJPB jIP (��D�� Ä U����`� U^���OR YV0��`� 6SU��O�

[pÌ-\^]g6��O��`¦« ò�ñV� î ôLó�ô)f î õ î ø�� ó�ò�8�e76Ae´ø�õ î ïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü kNl��n î 6t� î f76 î ö4ò´øW8fø,ñ^6 ñ´ï�8�ú,ö î ø�õ�ö©ïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü ï;ñoö4òõ î öihk6 î�ü ïEøSõ î ò î ¹�ò�ñ�8«õ�8fø�ø î�ü�î ôY6�e<6«ö\õ�8Ie´ø7= ± ô î ï_e�ò�8«ñþõ î õ î õ î öVhkó�ô\øU¬�¹,ó ý ò*8�f'ó�698�ñ�ô�° î ø<6�f'ñ�ô\ø�8«õSe,ò�e î*î ôY6«ò îð�ókø1e9ï;ó�ò�ó�698�ñ�ô î 6�ðA: ö�698Pð�8�ø.ó�698«ñoô d ú,ö�8Äf'ñ�ôLõ�ö�896r¸�ðºó£ïLòe´ø î ôgf î õ;:241 � ü =

Ô��°¸_� × ØÉÙ�ÕA¸��A�wÕA�i�W¸��c¸ Ö � × Ø!� À ��ÁrØ��{�^ÕIÁ��A¸ ��Ø����I¸7�V�,Ø�� × ¸�� À ��ÁpØ��X�^Õ À;ÖR;Bh?�Bry$C�FmG,_`IM?A?�Bro>?�BÞI7]�IWo>?mJPB¥F�E�ìT�Q(@SBro¢#43HQ(@mG�Q£#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB[B7FA?%Q_o¢CYIM@LIWy �<?A@�BºNwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?Z�

Û Q(NX]�IWo>?k#7B%?�Bry$C�FkG,_`IM?A?�Bro�?�B���JPBZo>Q�#<JPE<NPG(B �>NM ��Q jT1/2 = 14.35

IWo�F*oaC(@�E7F�Bro>?$G�IWo�FDJPBq#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBCbB<Q(?aG(E7#<@�TWzP?A@�B$FANXiVo(Nx�Y#ZIM?ANX]^BryVBro>?Z��BroÝG�Nwy$Nwo>QYIWo>?kIMNwo�FAN�J�IqC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTioÝG(B�o�TX�>IMQ�� �YF�F�NXJPB7FZ��@�Bry$C(J�I�#7E7FCYIM@kG(BSJl_ �>NM�� yÍ��IW��F�T�@��YIWo�?o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�B��AûrB<?$B�.,B<?WF�B<@LIºBro�#7T�@�BSC(JXQ�Fk]�NPFANw�(JPBqF�Q(@DJPBSC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G(B?���CbB¦��QYõ�ög÷���#ZIM@cJ�IDC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTiohG(B �>NM ��Q �qB7FA?1C(JXQ�F1Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�B���R;I���i�Q(@�B+6�� 6kNXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BKJl_.B�.bB<?dG(BH#7B�Z8 î 8Pðfð�8fø�ø î,ü©î ôY6 FAQ(@�Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio%G�Q k∞

G,_ Q_oV#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���Q õ�ög÷ � * oVTi��F�B<@A]^BcF�Q(@�#7B<?A?�BÄ��i�Q(@�B���O�Q�B1J�IG�NPFACYIM@ANX?ANPTioVG�Q �>NM ��Q�@�E7G�Q(NX?�#7Tio�FANPG(E<@LIW�(JPBryVBro>?pJ�I\G�Q(@�E7B1CbBro�G�IWo>?�J�I�O�Q�B<JXJPB1JPBk∞

G�Q$#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBdB7FA?

ø 0VR

FAQ(CbE<@ANPB<Q(@1u ø �S/aIWo�Fp#7BK#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB���JPB �>NM ��Qz@�B<C(@�E7F�Bro>?�BHBro>]�NX@�Tio��VYTP G(B7F�o�T1�>IMQ�� �YFLFANXJPB7F\j ���L ��QeB<? �>NM ��QKo�� � o�BUn�T�NPFdnlIW�(@ANPO>Q�E���Q_o[#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB$uQ�YI�F�BDG(BUC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y B7FA?%� ¸�f'ñ�ôvø,ñ ü�ü�î òkõ î ïLòe3¹1e�ò î ôgf îói� ó�ô�6 ��Q_o�B�#7B<@A?LIMNwo�B�G�IM?�B�O�Q(Ns]�IM@ANPB�I7]^B7#�FLIW?�Bro�B<Q(@KBro�NPF�T�?�T�CbB �>NM ��QU�

/10�2t])6�� 6Q`! Nî 6 î�ü ïEøXõ;: ó�6�6 î ô�6 î ó´ïLò�¨´øp¹.ó ý ò�8�f'ó�698�ñ�ô î ø<6�ö�ô�ï;ó�ò�ó ü ¨<6«ò î 8 ü ï;ñ�ò<6 ó�ôY6g= ó�õSe�f.ò�ñ�8fø�ø.ó�ôgf î õ�öµ�"$# « ö òe�õ�ö�896tf�ñ�ô\ø*8�õSe�ò�ó ý ð î�ü�î ôY6�ð î�ý ö�ò´ôvöþï§ú,ö�: ö�ô f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îq�«î ô�ó�6�6 î ôY6 î�� ï î ôLõqó�ô�6p6«ò�ñ´ï6ðºñoô4ù�6 î�ü ïEøï î ö�6 î ôLõ�ö�ò î ò7= 4 ó]ø*õ;: ö�ô�f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î�©;ª�« ö&%('�)�¸�m*��=�®�¯U=

íKT�Q�FWIZ]^Tio�F$#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�EmG(B<Q��¤?�Bry$C�F$G,_`IM?A?�Bro>?�BhIZ]�IWo�?kJPB%@�B<?A@LIMNX?�BryVBro�?%G�Q�C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y #7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�E��G(B YSB<?HG(B �V0mIWo�FZ�bRsBkC(@�Bry$NPB<@a@�B�ë��<?�BkQ_o�BkG�Q(@�E7Bk@�B<C(@�E7F�Bro�?LIM?ANX]^B%G(B7FaG(E<J�IMNPF+y$Nwo(NwyDQ_y #7Tio�#7B<]�IW�(JPB7FI7]^B7#eJ�IH?�B7#�t_o�T�JPT�i�NPBKG(Bc@�B<?A@LIMNX?�BryVBro>?cI�#<?AQ�B<JXJPB��^JPBeG(B<Q���N��ryVBdB7F�?�Q_o�BdG�Q(@�E7Bc?���C(NPO�Q�BdG(BcJl_`IM?A?�Bro�?�B\O�Qs_ Q_o#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBa¼ *1¾ #7Tio_oYI{zP?A@LIkG�IWo�FpJPB7FrF�#7EroYIM@ANPT�Frn9@LIWo�ÜZIMNPF1G(Be?A@LIWo�FANX?ANPTio í NXJ�NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BHE<i>IMJPBryVBro>?1Jl_.B�.,B<?G�Q�]�NPB<NXJXJXNPFLF�BryVBro>?dG�Q�#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBUuDQ_o�BKG�IM?�BaT,+�F�Tio�#7Tio�?�Bro>Q¦Bro �>NM ��Q IMQ(@LIkG(E7#<@AQhG(BK?A@�T�NPFcO�QYIM@A?�FBro>]�NX@�Tios�qíKT�Q�F�I7]^Tio�F�I�G(T�C(?�E���CbT�Q(@�n�IMNX@�Br@�E�n�E<@�Bro�#7BduH#7B7F�G(B<Q��WG�Q(@�E7B7F�I7]�IWo>?pF�E<CYIM@LIM?ANPTios��Jl_`IMC(C�B<JXJ�IM?ANPTio� -Zî ö�ô î���B<?$� �Z8 î öih ��@�B7FAC�B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro�?Z�

Ô��°¸_� × ¸��A���V¸ Ö ¸YØ�� ¸ Ö/. �i��ÕA�I¸ × Ø!� À ��ÁpØ��X�^ÕAÁ��I¸7�MØ��¼�A¸101Ø���� À�2 ¸ Ö

� C(Q(NPFLFLIWo�#7Ba#7Tio�FA?LIWo>?�B P��JPBK?LIMQ��qi�JPTi�YIMJsG(Ba�YFLFANPTio�F1B7FA?Ä�(��E��vûrB7#<N,Nwy$CbT�F�BKQ_o�BK#7Tio�G�NX?ANPTio¥FAQ(@1J�I

]�IMJPB<Q(@DG�Q[ë�Q�� yVT1�^Bro< φ >

]�QÞCYIM@aJPB$#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��;Ú�oÞ@LIMNPF�Tio_oYIWo�?UFAQ(@aQ_o�B$#7B<JXJXQ(JPBV#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBO>Q(N;]^T�NX?cJPB|y �ryVBHë�Q���yVT1�^Bros�Y#7B<?A?�B�@�B<J�IM?ANPTio¥B7FA?dG(Tio_o�E7BaCYIM@��

ø 0��

< φ >=P

i Niσfissi εi

j³6�� ø oT,+ J�IÞF�TiyyVB�j�IZ]^B7#hJPB7FQo�T�?LIM?ANPTio�FqtYIW�(NX?AQ�B<JXJPB7F�o$B7FA?%B�.,B7#<?AQ�E7B¦F�Q(@V?�T�Q�FVJPB7FQo�T1�>IMQ�� JPT�Q(@�G(FZ��Ú�o

E7#<@ANX]�IWo>?a#7B<?A?�B$E<i>IMJXNX?�EkCbT�Q(@\JPB7FHC(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ�� o�T1�>IMQ��¼�YF�FANXJPB7FZ�Ni

B7FA?HG�NX@�B7#<?�BryVBro>?DC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTio_o�B<J�uqJ�IC(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTioÞG(B�o�TX�>IMQ�� �YF�FANXJPB7F"�YG(Tio�#$IMQ��¦?�Bro�B<Q(@�FHBro[C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yzCbT�Q(@KQ_oº#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�1t���Qs�WûrB7#<N@�B�ë��<?�BaJ�Io�T�?ANPTio¦Q�FAQ�B<JXJPB�O�Qs_`u�yVT�Nwo�G�@�B�#7Tio�#7Bro�?A@LIM?ANPTioÞBro��YF�FANXJPB���Q_o�ë�Q���yVTX�^Bro¦C(JXQ�FdNwy$CbT�@A?LIWo>?KB7FA?o�E7#7B7F�F*IMNX@�BeCbT�Q(@ty%IMNwo>?�Bro(NX@cQ_o�BKC(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7BH#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?�B��(R;ID@�B<J�IM?ANPTiomBro�?A@�BHJ�IU#7Tio�#7Bro�?A@LIM?ANPTio¦Bro�o�T1�>IMQ���YF�F�NXJPB7FDB<?kJPB%ë�Q�� os_.B7FA?k#7B<C�Bro�G�IWo�?$CYI�FDQ_o�BS@�B<J�IM?ANPTio�G(BqC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTio_oYIMJXNX?�E�Nwo�]^B<@�F�B��ö/aIWo�FDJPBm#ZI�FkG�QC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh�,BroÝIW�YIMNPF�FLIWo�?aJ�Iq?�Bro�B<Q(@HBro¼�YF�F�NXJPBmj9T�Q[J�Iq?�Bro�B<Q(@�Bro[C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y ?�T�Q(?a#7T�Q(@A?*o\JPB7FaF�B7#<?ANPTio�FB��%#ZI�#7B7FcG(B��YF�FANPTio�B<?cG,_`IW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTiohG�QmC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yçF�Tio�?tyVT�G�Nx�YE7B7FZ�(G�QSnlIMNX?cG,_ Q_o�B�o�T�Q(]^B<JXJPBH]�IMJPB<Q(@dG(BJl_`IMQ(?�T�C(@�T�?�B7#<?ANPTio�B<?DG,_ Q_o�B%C(JXQ�FUi�@LIWo�G(Bq?At�B<@�y%IMJXNPFLIM?ANPTio5G(B7F�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F"��R;I�y%IM@Ai^Bqu¦#7Tiy$C�Bro�F�B<@DCYIM@Q_o�BetYIMQ�F�F�BKG�Q%ë�Q��%B7FA?rG(Tio�# ó ü ñ�ò�698 î\CYIM@1#7B<?A?�B'o�T�Q(]^B<JXJPBaIMQ(?�T�C(@�T�?�B7#<?ANPTio�G(B7F1F�B7#<?ANPTio�FpB��%#ZI�#7B7F"��O�Q(Nl�u�yVT�Nwo�G�@�Ba?�Bro�B<Q(@eBro�o�TX�>IMQ��YF�FANXJPB��(FLTio>?°yVT�Nwo�FeIMQ(?�T�C(@�T�?�E<i^E7B7F"��R;I9��i�Q(@�B+6��OYkNXJXJXQ�F�?A@�BHJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¥G�Që�Q�� yVTX�^Bro5C�T�Q(@$G(B<Q��¤?�Bro�B<Q(@�F$G�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�B7FVG(BqC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y ��Bro½@�E7G�Q(NPF*IWo>?$G,_ Q_o�BS?�Bro�B<Q(@VG(B ø 0TP uQ_o�B%?�Bro�B<Q(@WG(Bm�VPS�;J�I¦O>QYIWo�?ANX?�E%C(@�E7F�Bro�?�BmG(BVC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G�IWo�FUJPBq#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBmB<?Z��Bro�@�EZI»ìQ�FA?LIWo>?WJ�I#7Tio�#7Bro�?A@LIM?ANPTio½G(B�bT�@�B$#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�B o�E7#7B7F�FLIMNX@�B%G�IWo�F|o�T�?A@�B yVT�G_�<JPB��,Jl_.B�.,B<?UFAQ(@aJl_`IMQ(iVyVBro>?LIM?ANPTio�G�QÞë�Q��yVTX�^Bro�os_.B7FA?eO�Q�BaG,_.Bro>]�NX@�Tio¼�TPS�

/1032Ä]�6��OY�`¢« ñ�ö�ò?ö�ô ü43�ü�î 6«÷�ï î õ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î�î 6$¸�ïLö�8fø�ø,óoôgf î õqñ�ôEô)e î d õ�8 5�e�ò î ôY6 î øº6 î ô î ö�ò�ø î ôïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü 8PôLõ�ö�8Pò�ñ�ô�6Wö�ôf%töih ü ñ�÷ î ôJõ�8 5�e�ò î ôY6 d ü ñ�8PôLõ�ò î ¸(ïLð ö�ø�ù�ò�ó�ôLõ î 6 î ô î ö�ò7=76�h î�ü ïLð î ø´ö�ò(ð îk©;ª�« ö6«÷´ï îH« ö8$9;: -Zî ö�ô î =

<�=?>@BA(CED?FHG*>!I�CJGLKNMPO�F�G*Q1>!ARCSI�TU>WV�@�G�>YXZ>[C\@�G*F�XR]N^\CZ>R�_`I»ìT�Q(?HG(B��bT�@�BWG�IWo�FeJPB�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�I%C�T�Q(@KB�.bB<?HG(BD@�E7G�Q(NX@�BWFLBro�FANw�(JPBryVBro>?HJ�I$CbT�C(Q(J�IM?ANPTio o�B<Q�f

?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BaFAQ(@1?�T�Q(?�BHJ�IWi>IWyyVB�G,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB��_y%IMNPF1C(JXQ�FdFLBro�FANw�(JPBryVBro>?\IMQ��qn�IMNw�(JPB7FeEro�B<@Ai�NPB7FdT,+�J�IWF�B7#<?ANPTio

øVø 0

B��%#ZI�#7B\G(Be@�EZI�#<?ANPTio(n, α)

G�Q ME� 5�I�Q_o�Be]�IMJPB<Q(@�?A@�7FrE<JPB<]^E7B��>R�_.B�.,B<?1G�QQ�bT�@�BeF�B<@LIUG(Tio�#d]�NPFANw�(JPBeFAQ(@pJ�I¹,ñoò ü�îHG�QmFACbB7#<?A@�B\B<?1#7Tio�#7B<@�o�B<@LIDC(JXQ�FpCYIM@A?ANP#<Q(JXN��<@�BryVBro�?dJ�IUCYIM@A?ANPB\?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B�� � �#omG(B'�(��B<@rJPB7FrNPG(E7B7FZ�o�T�Q�FDG�NPFL#<Q(?�Tio�FUQ_o½B���Bry$C(JPBqG(Tio_o�E��;#7B<JXQ(NpG,_ Q_o½#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��1t���Q5G(BV?���CbB ��Q @���ô Bro(@ANP#Lt(N1u ø 0TPS�R;I���i�Q(@�B�6��OU�yVTio�?A@�BV#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro>?DJ�IqG�Nx.,E<@�Bro�#7BVBro�?A@�B$JPB7FaFACbB7#<?A@�B7Fa#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7FZ�,Jl_ Q_o¤I7]^B7#VQ_o�B$O>QYIWo�?ANX?�ENwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�BaG(Ba��T�@�Bkjl�iYV0V0DC(C_yqo�_��>Jl_`IMQ(?A@�BHFLIWo�FZ��RsBK?LIW�(JPBZIMQ�6�� 6WG(Tio_o�BHO�Q�B<JPO>Q�B7Fr]�IMJPB<Q(@�F1G(BKFLB7#<?ANPTio�FB��%#ZI�#7B7FZ�Y#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7F\CbT�Q(@e#7B7FeG(B<Q��h#ZI�F\IMQ¥G(Er�(Q(?\G(B�Jl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��CbT�Q(@dJPB7FdC(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ��¥I�#<?ANwo(NPG(B7FKG�Q#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�� * om#7Tio�F�?LIM?�B\Q_o�Ba�YIMNPF�FLB\G(B7F1F�B7#<?ANPTio�FcB��%#ZI�#7B7FtyVTX�^Bro_o�B7FdG(B��YF�FANPTiomG�IWo�F1JPB\#ZI�F1#7Tio>?�B�foYIWo>?$G�Q �bT�@�B��;#7BqO>Q(NpC�B<Q(?kFZ_.B���C(JXNPO>Q�B<@DCYIM@UJ�I �YIMNPF�F�B$i�JPTi�YIMJPBmG(B%J�I�CbT�C(Q(J�IM?ANPTio7o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BmG�IWo�FJPBUG(Tiy%IMNwo�BDG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBU?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B��YT,+hJPB7F\F�B7#<?ANPTio�FeB��%#ZI�#7B7FKG(B+�YF�F�NPTio¦G(BU#7B7F'o�T1�>IMQ��hC(@�E7F�Bro�?�Bro>?HG(B7F@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7B7FZ�

/10�2t]S6��OU'` 6`5 î 6`õ�ö ý ñ�ò î õ�8�ø´ø,ñ�ö4øSõqó�ôvø�ð îIü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�òIø�ö4òIð î ø ï î f76«ò î ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô�8�ú,ö î õ�ó�ô\øbð î f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î¬l8�f<8bó�ö�õSe ý ö�6¥õ î ð�: 8fò�ò�ó�õ�8«ó^698«ñ�ô^°�= : ó - ñ�ö�6bõ îCý ñoò î õSe�ùoò�óqõ î ø*8�ù�ô�8 j�f'ó�698³� î�ü�î ôY6Iðºó�ï;ó�ò<698 î 6 ª;î ò ü 8«ú.ö î õ�öø ï î f76«ò î =

²\B<?�Bro�Tio�FK#7B<CbBro�G�IWo>?DO>Q�BWFAN�Q_oÞ#�tYIWo(i^BryVBro>?DG(BDJ�I%n�T�@�yVBkG�Q¥ë�Q��[Bro>?A@LI{z�o�B ó�¹,ñ�ò<698�ñ�ò*8 Q_oÞ#LtYIWo�fi^BryVBro>?VG(B7FW]�IMJPB<Q(@�F�yVTX�^Bro_o�B7F$G(B7FkF�B7#<?ANPTio�FkB��%#ZI�#7B7F$G(B%@�EZI�#<?ANPTio�G(B7F9o�T1�>IMQ��5G�Q½#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���JPBF�Bro�F�B<?aJl_ Nwo�?�Bro�FANX?�EVG(B$#7B<?A?�B$]�IM@AN�IM?ANPTio2o�B$F�Tio�?aCYI�F�G(E<?�B<@�y$Nwo�E7F ókïLò�8«ñ�ò�8 �bNXJPFaG(E<CbBro�G(Bro>?WG(BkJl_`IMJXJXQ(@�BG�Q¦FACbB7#<?A@�B+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�BDB<?eG(B7FdF�B7#<?ANPTio�FeB��%#ZI�#7B7Fe#7Tio�#7B<@�o�E7FZ�

� é È�Ò�ÒIÈ°ò1ÓWÊÌÉ4ÒIÕØÒIá:Î{ÈÄÏVÐÌÑIÈ�å<Ð�É�ÔOÈbarÈ�Ñ�ÑAÊ�ÅiÊÑ�ÔäÊ�Ë�ÓWÕØÒIÈ�å<ÈCË�Ò�×CÈCÔOÔOÈ�ò4Ó{Õ#ÑIá�ÒAÊÌÏWÔOÕØÒ�ÓWÉ{Èca�Ê=ÔOÈCÓ{Ñ�ÎXÈ k Å�Æedgf ÅVÐ�ÓXÑ�ÓWÉ�×ih�Ó{ÑÈCÉ4ÒIÕkjNÑIÈCÆ:ÈNÉ1Ò�×AíiÊÑIç�á�ÊlarÈC×^×CÈöÒ³èXÅVÈ�ÎXÈ�×CÐ�Æ�ÏWÓWË�ÒIÕOÏ{ÔâÈÌå{ËIÊ=ÉWË�ÏiÊÑ�ÑIÈCË%Î{Èö×NÐ�É4Ò�Ñ�m�ÔOÈ�Ù

øVøVø

Cb σ n�o� ��I (n,γ) σ p � ����(n,γ) σ qV ����(n,γ) σ qV ����(n,f) σ p @ ���L(n,γ) σ p @ ���L(n,f) σ p @ �>��(n,γ)0 ÀÀ 0��OUVR � ø ����� �V� ø 0��OY ø � �W6�iYV0V0 ÀÀ 0��OU^� � ø ���OU ��� ���`� ø � ���

Cb σ p @ �>NM(n,γ) σ p @ �>NM(n,f) σ p @ �>I (n,γ) σ �>I (n,γ) σ

�>��(n,γ) σ �>�>(n,γ) σ r �>NM(n,γ)0 ÀÀ R�� ø �^� ø 6 ���OY ����� ø � �^�

�iYV0V0 ÀÀ ���`� �W6 ø 6 ���OY ���`� ø � �VY

[pÌ-\^]g6�� 6 `º§Uî f7698�ñ�ô\ø îts f'óTf î ø ü ñ�÷ î ôvô î øq¬ î ô ý ó�ò´ô^°>õ î f'ó�ï�6«ö4ò î ò�óqõ�8�ó�698³� î ñ�ö9j·ø´ø*8�ñ�ô6õ î ø(ïLò�8Pôgf<8 ï;ó�öVhóTfZ698fô�8�õ î ø î 6�ú,ö î ð�ú,ö î ø8óTfZ698fô�8�õ î ø ü 8Pô î ö�ò�øJø î ðºñoô#ú.ö î ð�: ñoôÿó - ñ�ö�6 î õ�ö ý ñ�ò î õqóoô\øJðºó�f'ñ ü ï;ñ�ø*89698«ñ�ôõ�öü ñZõSe,ò�ó�6 î ö4òZ= : ó�ö�ù ü©î ôY6 ó�698�ñ�ô�ù�ð�ñ ý ó�ð î õ�ö�%töih ü ñ�÷ î ô�òe´ø�ö4ð�6 ó�ôY6 î ó�ö4ò�ó6õ î ø î 5 î 6Pø�õ�8 5�e�ò î ôY6Pø�ø�ö4ò�ð î ø6 ó�öVh>õ î ò�e'óTf7698�ñ�ô6õ î f ª óqú,ö î ôLñ�÷qó�ö�ø î ð�ñ�ô�ðºóCôLñ�ö~� î ðPð î �]ó�ð î ö4ò ü ño÷ î ôvô î õ î ø¥ø î f7698«ñoô\ø îNs f'óTf î ø7=

<�=?>@BA(CED?FHG*>!I�CJGLK�uv]NX`@�>[XZI�]w@�x�F�CEyzM7KN>[CZG{Q|F[}�>[XJXJ>!A(CE~�CZ��XJ>WCZ@�G�F`XJ]N^\CJ>

��IM@�#7BWO>Qs_ NXJ�#7Tio�F�TiyyVBDG(B7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�Fay%I»ìT�@ANX?LIMNX@�BryVBro�?K?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B7FZ��J�I$C(@�E7F�Bro�#7BWG(Bq�bT�@�B�Bro�?A@LI{zXfo�B<@LIHQ_o õ�ö4ò�f<8fø�ø î�ü�î ôY6 G�Q%FACbB7#<?A@�B�� � C(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7B\#7Tio�FA?LIWo>?�B��>Jl_ Nwo>?�Bro�FANX?�E\G�Q$ë�Q��yVT1�^Bro%]�I�IMQ(iVyVBro�?�B<@Z�#ZIM@cB<JXJPBHG(T�NX?dFZ_`I�G�IMC(?�B<@eIMQ��Zo�T�Q(]^B<JXJPB7F1]�IMJPB<Q(@�FtyVT1�^Bro_o�B7F\G(BHF�B7#<?ANPTio�FcB��%#ZI�#7B7Fc?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B7FdG(B��YF�FANPTioG(B7F�o�T1�>IMQ����YF�FANXJPB7F"�,@�B<]�Q�B7FWu�J�I��YIMNPFLF�B%uh#ZIMQ�FLBVG(BVJl_`I»ìAT�Q(?DG�Q2�bT�@�B��%;wJ�B7FA?UNwo>?�E<@�B7F�FLIWo�?WG(Bq#ZIMJP#<Q(JPB<@Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio�G�Q5#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�Bro�G(B<Q���F�NX?AQYIM?ANPTio�F$B���?A@�ryVB7FZ��Jl_ Q_o�BmBro5i>IM@�G�IWo>?

Cb = Cb0

#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?�BCbBro�G�IWo>?aJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTios�,Jl_`IMQ(?A@�B$BroÞC(@�BroYIWo�?

Cb = 0�,R�I ��i�Q(@�B 6����VNXJXJXQ�F�?A@�BkJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¤G�Qºë�Q�� yVT1�^Bro

]�Q�CYIM@cJPB�#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBUG�IWo�FcJPB7FdG(B<Q��h#ZI�FZ���T�Q(@cQ_o�y �ryVBH?LIMQ��SG(Ba�YFLFANPTiomi�JPTi�YIMJl�(Tio�C�T�Q(@A@LIWTi��F�B<@A]^B<@cQ_o�?LIMQ��mG(Ba#ZIMC(?AQ(@�BHC(JXQ�F1Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?

CbT�Q(@�Q_o�o�T1�>IMQmG(Tio_o�E��>G�IWo�FpQ_o�B\FANX?AQYIM?ANPTioST,+%JPB'��T�@�B\B7FA?�C(@�E7F�Bro�?Z� � Nwo�FANl�>C�T�Q(@�JPB7F�o�T1�>IMQ��q?A@LIWo�FAC(JXQ�f?�Tio(NPBro�FZ�sn9T�@�yVE7FDCYIM@D#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B7FD@LI�G�N�IM?ANX]^B7FkFAQ�#7#7B7F�FANX]^B7F"�;Tio�Ti��FLB<@A]^BVCYIM@DB��(Bry$C(JPBqQ_o�BqIMQ(iVyVBro>?LIM?ANPTioF�Bro�F�Nw�(JPBeG(BdJPB<Q(@pC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTios��#7Tio�F�E7O�Q�Bro�#7BKG(BdJl_`IMQ(iVyVBro>?LIM?ANPTiohG�Q%ë�Q�� yVT1�^Bro�o�E7#7B7F�FLIMNX@�B\C�T�Q(@�y%IMNwo�f?�Bro(NX@cQ_o�Ba]�IMJPB<Q(@eG(BHC(Q(NPF�F*IWo�#7B�#7Tio�FA?LIWo>?�B���B<?eG(B7F:o�T�Q(]^B<JXJPB7F\F�B7#<?ANPTio�FeB��%#ZI�#7B7F'yVT1�^Bro_o�B7FZ�

R�I ��i�Q(@�B96��ORZyVTio>?A@�BWJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¤G(BDJl_ Nwo>]^Bro�?LIMNX@�BVG,_ ����� F�Q(@\JPB9y �ryVBkB���Bry$C(JPBkG(Bk#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBO�Q�B�C(@�E7#7E7G(BryyVBro�?l����RsB7F�G(B<Q��U]�IMJPB<Q(@�F�G,_ Nwo>]^Bro�?LIMNX@�Bd#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7F�I7]^B7#cB<?�FLIWo�F^��T�@�B1FZ_.E7#ZIM@A?�Bro�?�G,_.Bro>]�NX@�TioRTP¡BroQ�#oqG(B�ý ö4ò�ôvöþï �>#�_.B7FA?�E7#ZIM@A?1B7FA?�Bro�#7T�@�BeJ�I�#7Tio�F�E7O�Q�Bro�#7BKG(B7F�yVT�G�Nx�Y#ZIM?ANPTio�FrF�Q_�(NPB7F�CYIM@�JPB'o(NX]^BZIMQG(Beë�Q��Zo�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BaB<?rG(B7F1F�B7#<?ANPTio�FcB��%#ZI�#7B7FtyVTX�^Bro_o�B7FcJPT�@�F�O�Q�BKJPB'�bT�@�BHB7FA?pC(@�E7FLBro>?Z�(RsBK?LIW�(JPBZIMQ�6��OYG(Tio_o�BaJl_.E7#ZIM@A?eNwo�G�Q(NX?eFAQ(@cJl_ Nwo>]^Bro�?LIMNX@�BD#ZIMJP#<Q(JPEUC�T�Q(@cJPB7FdC(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ��¥I�#<?ANwo(NPG(B7FZ�

>�ô#Ó @��ô*� ÈNÓWÉWÈ�ÈNÉ{ÑIÕO×�í{Õ õ fl��� å Cb = 7500 ÅWÅ{ÆøVø �

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Temps (années e.p.p)

2e+14

2.4e+14

2.8e+14

3.2e+14

3.6e+14

4e+14

Flux

neu

troni

que

moy

en (n

/cm

²/s) à

P c

te.

Cb(t) = 0 Cb(t) = Cb0 (7500 ppm)

/10�2t]S6����'` 6Ä�]ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô�õ�ös%töihkô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ôY8«ú,ö îSü ñ�÷ î ô��Zö�õ�ó�ô\øbð î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î d î ô©ùqóoò�õqóoôY6 Cb0f'ñ�ôvø�6 ó�ôY6 î

ï î ôLõ�ó�ôY6�ðA: e�� ñ�ð ö�698«ñ�ô d ï;ó�ò£ò�ó´ïqï\ñ�ò�61¸Cö4ô î ø�836«ö\ó�698�ñ�ô�ø.ó�ô\ø ý ñ�ò î ¬ 4{ý���� °�=

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Temps (années e.p.p)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Inve

ntai

re A

ssem

blag

e (g

)

U-233 (Cb= 0) U-233 (Cb=7500 ppm)

/10�2t]�6��OR�` 6Ä�]ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ôBõ î ðA: 8Pô#� î ôY6 ó�8fò î õ;: µA¶w¶ ± î ô¨ùqó�ò�õqó�ô�6 Cb0f'ñ�ô\ø<6 ó�ôY6 î ï î ôLõqóoôY6�ð�: e��]ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô d ï;ó�òò�ó�ïqï;ñ�ò<6c¸�ö�ô î ø*896«ö\ó�698«ñoô?ø.ó�ô\ø ý ñ�ò î ¬ 4{ý���� °�=\6�h î�ü ïLð î õ�: e��]ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô6õ;: ö�ô2f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îh©;ªV« ö8$9�: -.î ö4ô î

¸�m � ¯Ãõ î ïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü =

��Ñ���ÑwÓ �Ýä_�V¸#�S�êÕ Ö �g�^Õ À;Ö�× ¹�Ø Ö ¸�Ù��v�I¸YØ�� × ¸Cb0

íKT�Q�FKIZ]^Tio�FH]�Qs�bIMQÞG(Er�(Q(?aG(BD#7BW#�tYIMC(NX?A@�B��,O�Q�BUJl_.B��%#ZI�#<NX?�E$G�Q¼�bT�@�BWB7F�?\?A@�7FaIWyVT�Nwo�G�@ANPBkG�IWo�FHQ_o#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�u��YI�FLBVG(BVC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh��,\Q�B<JXJPB%B7FA?DJ�Im]�IMJPB<Q(@DG(B$J�I¦#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio�G(B�bT�@�B%#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�B

Cbuh#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�B<@WJPT�@�FWG(B o�T�FW#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFDBro7yVT�G_�<JPBmI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BZ�mR�_`IMC(C(@�T7��Nwy%IM?ANPTio5Q(?ANXJXNPF�E7BqNP#<Np#7Tio�FANPFA?�BSu#ZIMJP#<Q(JPB<@aJ�Iq]�IMJPB<Q(@aO�Q(Nl� ï\ñ�ö4ò�ö�ô î ù<e�ñ ü e<6«ò�8 î õ î f�Ïtö4ò î ô�698�¨�ò î�ü�î ôY6�f ª ó�ò�ùSe î ô7f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î[©;ª�« ö6õ�ö

øVø �

246 û�y ø R��ORTP 244 � y ��� ø P245 û�y �V���OYTP 243 � y ���OUTP244 û�y øVø � ø P 242∗ � y ���ORTP243 û�y R��OYTP 242 � y 6��ORTP242 û�y ø �OYTP 241 � y ø �OUTP242 ��Q fw���OUTP 237 í\C ���`�TP241 ��Q ��� ø P 234 � ø ���O�TP240 ��Q fw���ORTP 233 � ���`�TP239 ��Q ���OYTP 232 � ø Y�� ø P238 ��Q 0��OYTP 233 ��I ���O�TP

[pÌ-\^]ö6��OY�` 6°f'ó�ò<6Pø£ï;ó�ò*ò�ó´ï�ï;ñ�ò<61¸�ö�ô î e�� ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô�ø,óoô\ø ý ñ�ò î ø�ö4ò�ð î øq8Pô#� î ôY6 ó�8fò î ø>õ î ø£ïLò�8Pôgf<8 ï;ó�öVh�óTf<Ð698Pô�8�õ î ø î ô j{ô õ;: 8fò�ò�óqõ�8�ó�698«ñoôͬw� �z����-�� 6�°8õqó�ô\ø�ð�: e�� ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ôÿõ;: ö�ôÃf'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð ;ª�« ö�¸ m � ¯ õ î 6«÷�ï î« ö8$9�: -.î ö�ô î f'ñ�ô�6 î ôLó�ôY6K´"® �&� ïqï ü õ îXý ñ�ò î õqó�ôvø¥ð î*ü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò7=

ü43�ü�î 6«÷�ï î<�;I�F�FAQ(@�BVJ�Im]�IMJPB<Q(@ ø G�QÞn�I�#<?�B<Q(@ k Å�Æ IMQ¤G(Er�(Q(?UG(B$Jl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��R;I���i�Q(@�B6��`�hG(Tio_o�BVQ_oIMCbB<@�Ü<QhG(BaJ�IWi^E7TiyVE<?A@ANPBUG,_ Q_o¥#43HQ(@asvu#± }=�_�_� u ø Y^�$I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B7FZ�

* @Z�b#7B<?A?�B$#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio½#43HQ(@Z�,O>Qs_.TioÝIMC(CbB<JXJPB>ü ñoôLñ�Ð"ó�ø�ø î,ü©ý ðºóZù î<�,C(Q(NPF�O�Q�Bk?�T�Q�FHJPB7F�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FG�Q�#43HQ(@$F�Tio>?$NPG(Bro�?ANPO>Q�B7F"��FAQ(@�B7FA?ANwyVB<@LIºG,_.Bry��(JPE7BCb0

��J�IºO>QYIWo�?ANX?�E�G(B���T�@�BmF�T�JXQ_�(JPBmG�IWo�FkJl_.BZIMQ�G�QyVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�o�E7#7B7FLFLIMNX@�BKC�T�Q(@cI7]^T�NX@

k Å�Æ á ø �~/k_ Q_o�BeCYIM@A?c#7TiyyVB�o�T�Q�FpJl_`IZ]^Tio�FcG(E�ìAuDG�NX?aj9BroZ6��`�^o�o�T�Q�Fo�BWFANwyUQ(JPTio�FHCYI�FHJ�I%C(@�E7F�Bro�#7BkG(B9�YIM@A@�B7FaG(BD#7Tio�?A@���JPBVT�Q[G(BDCbT�NPF�Tio[#7Tio�F�Tiyy%IW�(JPB��,#ZIM@HJPB9o�Tiy��(@�B$B<?J�IWtYIMQ(?�B<Q(@eG,_ Nwo�FLB<@A?ANPTio¦G(B�#7B<JXJPB7Ffg#<N,]�IM@ANPBro>?\C�Bro�G�IWo�?dJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTio¥B<?dFAQ(NX]�IWo>?eJ�IWC�T�FANX?ANPTiohG(B�Jl_`I�F�F�Brykf�(J�IMi^B�O�Qs_.Tio¦#7Tio�FANPG_�<@�B��Y#7B�O>Q(NsB7F�?eG(E<C�T�Q(@A]�QhG,_ Nwo>?�E<@�<?HG�IWo�FcQ_o¦#ZIMJP#<Q(J�G,_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BUBro�yVT�G(BaNwo��#o(NO�Q(N�]^B<Q(?UF�BV@LIMC(C(@�T�#Lt�B<@WG(Bq#7Tio�G�NX?ANPTio�F�ü ñ�÷ î ôvô î ø G�Q¤#43HQ(@Z����IM@$IMNXJXJPB<Q(@�FUNXJ�n�IMQ(?U#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�B<@WO�Q�B$J�I@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�ESC(@�E7F�Bro>?�BÞj3t�T�@�y$NPFkJ�I¥FANX?AQYIM?ANPTio�G�Q½#43HQ(@�o�B<Q�nKIMQ5G(Ery%IM@A@LIMi^B"oWG�IWo�FWQ_o5#43HQ(@$Bro½@�E<i�NwyVBG(BDn�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?Z�sB7FA?Kn�T�@�#7EryVBro>?|yVT�Nwo�G�@�B$O�Q�Bk#7B<JXJPB$B7FA?ANwyVE7BkG�IWo�F+o�T�?A@�B�yVT�G_�<JPBkG(Bk#43HQ(@|yVTio�TMfI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B��_/aIWo�F1Q_o�BHFANX?AQYIM?ANPTio�@�EZIMJXNPFA?�B���JPBH#43HQ(@dG�Q�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@dB7FA?c#7Tio�FA?ANX?AQ�EaG,_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FdO�Q(NbTio�?FAQ_�(N�G(B7FU#r��#<JPB7FDB<?�G(B7Fa?LIMQ��ÝG(BV#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio½G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�FUB<?UT,+ÞJPB7FUC(@�T�G�Q(NX?�FUG(B��YF�FANPTioÝF�Tio�?�C(@�E7F�Bro�?�FFAQ(@cJPB7F\I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F\G(E�ìAuWNX@A@LI�G�NPE7F"���T�Q(?�B�n9T�NPF"�(Bro�os_`I4�>IWo>?KO>Q�BHJPB+�bT�@�BHF�T�JXQ_�(JPB�G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@e#7TiyyVBaF�B<Q(JPBaF�T�Q(@�#7BaG,_`IWo�?ANX@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E

C(@�E7F�Bro�?�BWIMQ[G(Er�(Q(?HG(B�Jl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��o�T�Q�FKFANwyUQ(JPB<@�Tio�FHJPB���Tio¼o�Tiy��(@�BWG,_`IW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTio�FaFAQ(@\Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioBro�?AN��<@�B���JPT�@�FLO>Q�B��<o�T�Q�F1JPBe]^B<@A@�Tio�F1CYIM@rJ�IDFAQ(NX?�B��~o�T�Q�FpC(@�Bro�G�@�Tio�FcBrom#7Tiy$C(?�BKJ�I�CbB<@A?�BHG�QZ�bT�@�BKF�T�JXQ_�(JPB��

íKT�Q�FdB�.,B7#<?AQ�Tio�FeG(Tio�#aQ_o�BUB���C(JPT�@LIM?ANPTioºBro¦#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio[G(B|�bT�@�B�I{�#o¦G(Ba?A@�T�Q(]^B<@eJ�IW]�IMJPB<Q(@Cb0G�IWo�F�J�I�#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTioS#43HQ(@�yVTio�TMfwI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B\CbT�Q(@�JPB7F�G�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�Fp?A��C�BdG(Be#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBK¼ *c¾ �1t���Q

øVø 6

Ç�ÊrÍ

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000Cb (ppm massique de bore naturel)

-10000

-7500

-5000

-2500

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

act

ivit

é p

cm (

Co

eu

r M

on

o-A

sse

mb

lag

e, s

an

s b

arr

es)

Pu(UOX, 30) 10%

Pu(UOX, 30) 8%

Pu(UOX, 30) 9%

Pu(UOX, 5) 10%

Pu(UOX, 5) 8.5%

Pu(MOX, 30) 14%

Pu(MOX, 30) 15%

Pu(MOX, 30) 16%

Pu(MOX, 5) 12%

Pu(MOX, 5) 13%

ÇwÏVÍ

/10�2t]~6��`�q` ¬hó�° � e�ñ ü e<6«ò�8 î%4 Ïtö4ò ü ñ�ôLñ©ó]ø´ø î�ü�ý ð�óZù î ø,óoô\ø ý óoò´ò î ø*õ î f'ñoôY6«òi�oð î ¬ ü ñ�ôY6«òe î 8�f78 î ô�ú,ö;óoò�6�°î 6K¬ ý °�6�h�ïLðºñoò�ó�698�ñ�ô6õ î Cb

óCjAô}õ î õSe76 î ò ü 8Pô î ò Cb06 î ðfð î ú,ö î k î 5 (Cb0) = 1

øVø Y

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Pourcentage de Pu dans le combustible

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

"Pou

voir

du B

ore"

(pcm

/ppm

)

Pu UOX 30Pu UOX 30Pu UOX 30Pu UOX 5Pu UOX 5Pu MOX 30Pu MOX 30Pu MOX 30Pu MOX 5Pu MOX 5

Ç�Ê�Í6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Pourcentage de Pu dans le combustible

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Cb0

(ppm

mas

sique

de

bore

nat

urel

)

Pu UOX 5 ansPu UOX 30 ansPu MOX 5 ansPu MOX 30 ans

Effet de la

perte du Pu 241

Effet de la

perte du Pu 241

ÇwÏVÍ

/1032Ä]T6�� ø 0a`�j�I^oK��« ñoö<� ñ�8fò¥õ�ö ý ñoò î��bî ø<698 ü e î ôXï�f ü�� ïqï ü ï;ó�òbð�óIï î ôY6 î õ î øaf'ñ�ö�ò ý'î ø ρ(Cb)ï\ñ�ö4ò+f ª óqú.ö î

f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î e<6«ö\õ�8IeZ= B<?Dj³��o Cb0 = f( � p @ )#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E7F"��R�IZ��i�Q(@�B�6��`��� �ÞNXJXJXQ�FA?A@�B$#7B<?A?�B$B���C(JPT�@LIM?ANPTio�Broº?�B<@�yVB7FUG(BD@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��WíKT�Q�FK]^E<@ANx�YTio�FaCYIM@#7B7FH#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFaO�Q�BDJPB ï;ñoö<� ñ�8fò�õ�ö ý ñ�ò î<�sB���C(@ANwyVEkBro[C�#ryZ�»C(C_yh�,B7FA?+�(NPBros�bG�IWo�FHQ_oÞ#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBQ�1t���Qs�Nwo�n�E<@ANPB<Q(@�IMQ��D]�IMJPB<Q(@�F�?A��C(NPO>Q�BryVBro�?�@�Bro�#7Tio>?A@�E7B7FpG�IWo�F�Q_oV#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBa8 &)( j�IMQ(?�T�Q(@�G(Bpf�RMCb#ryZ�»C(C_yqo����T�Q(@�o�T�F�G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�F�?A��C�B7F�G(B1#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBd¼ *c¾ �1t���Qs��#7B7F�]�IMJPB<Q(@�F�T�F�#<NXJXJPBro>?�IMQ(?�T�Q(@�G(B�fw�MCb#ryZ�»C(C_yh�G,_.T,+½Jl_ Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�BhO�QYIWo>?ANX?�EmG(BQ�bT�@�BS@�B7O>Q(NPFLB��`ûrB7#<NcB7FA?WNXJXJXQ�FA?A@�E�uhJ�I���i�Q(@�B�6�� ø 0�� * o5#7Tio�F�?LIM?�BSO�Q�BJPB �Z8 î 8fðPð�8�ø´ø î�ü�î ôY6 G�Q½C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh��O�Q(Nr#7Tio�G�Q(NX?%u¦J�I¦C�B<@A?�BSG(BmFLI�?�Bro�B<Q(@$Bro �>NM ��Q;��I¦G,_ Nwy$CbT�@A?LIWo>?�B7F#7Tio�F�E7O�Q�Bro�#7B7FKFAQ(@dJ�I$]�IMJPB<Q(@\G(B

Cb0

�YO�Q(N;B7FA?'�bBZIMQ�#7T�Q(CºC(JXQ�FcnlIMNw�(JPB�CbT�Q(@eJPB7FK#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7Fau�YI�FLBUG(BC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G(Bk?���CbB���Q õ�öw÷ ]�NPB<Q��,��C(JXQ�Fa@ANP#�t�B7FDBro �>�� ��QU�bRsBk?LIW�(JPBZIMQ26��OUmG(Tio_o�BkJPB7F�]�IMJPB<Q(@�FaG(B Cb0@�B<?�Bro�Q�B7FdCbT�Q(@dJPB7FdG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�Fd?���CbB7FdG(B�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBU¼ *1¾ �1t���Qs�

����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q @��ô -Zî ö4ô î ��Q @���ô �"8 î öVh��Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ���xG Á�@��~H� p @)H � ?����ô���H� n*oip @ � 2 Ä �VP R��OYTP ø 0TP RTP �TP ø 0TPCb0 ¿ � � ?���� � ����� ÄW� À�À z� 6>�V0V0 U ø 0V0 �iYV0V0 6S�VYV0 Y ø 0V0 Y^�i0V0����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q õ�ög÷ -.î ö�ô î ��Q õ�öw÷ �Z8 î öVh��Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ���xG Á�@��~H� p @)H � ?����ô���H� n*oip @ � 2 Ä ø �TP ø �TP ø 6<P ø 6<P ø YTP ø UTPCb0 ¿ � � ?���� � ����� ÄW� À�À z� 6SYV0V0 Y��V0V0 Y��VYV0 �V0V0V0 �W6SYV0 ���VYV0

[pÌ-\^]�6��OU¼` 4 ñoôgf î ôY6«ò�ó�698�ñ�ô\ø î ô ý ñ�ò î f,ò�89698«ú,ö î Cb0õ<e<6 î ò ü 8Pô)e î økï;ñ�ö�ò f ª ó�ú,ö î 6«÷�ï î õ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î

©;ª�« ö�ó�ö?õSe ý ö�6�õ î ðA: 8Pò´ò�óqõ�8�ó�698�ñ�ô�=

øVø U

ç�¡�� £�¤�«Éx ë ¤(� ��| ¤ }Sê « ì ¤�� ï�®d�Wê�|l�a|�ê�ï

� o�Bpn9T�NPF�J�IK]�IMJPB<Q(@�G(B Cb0

G(E<?�B<@�y$Nwo�E7BcC�T�Q(@�#LtYI�O>Q�Bd?A��C�BcG(Bc#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��Vo�T�Q�F�CbT�Q(]^Tio�F�Bro>?LIWyVB<@JPBh#ZIMJP#<Q(JeG(B7FV#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?�FSG(B�#7Tio>?A@�B�fl@�EZI�#<?ANPTio£CbT�Q(@VQ_o�B�#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio£G(B�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB¦G(Tio_o�E7BºIMQG(Er�(Q(?\G(BHJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��í\T�Q�Fc#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�Tio�FeNP#<N,J�Ik@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E

ρG�Q¥F���F�?�ryVB��(G(E��#o(NPB�#7TiyyVB

ρ =k∞ − 1

k∞

j³6��`�^oíKT�Q�F�o�T�Q�FWNwo�?�E<@�B7F�F�Tio�F$u�J�I¦]�IM@AN�IM?ANPTio�G(B%J�Ih@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�Em#7TiyyVB%@�E<CbTio�F�BmuhQ_o5#�tYIWo(i^BryVBro�?VG(B7F

CYIM@LIWy �<?A@�B7F1O>Q(N�G(E��#o(NPF�F�Bro>?pJl_.E<?LIM?rG�Q%@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z�;ûrB7FpCYIM@LIWy �<?A@�B7FZ��O>Qs_.TioVC(@�Bro�G�@LIUNP#<N�#7TiyyVBe]�IM@AN�IW�(JPB7FNwo�G(E<C�Bro�G�IWo�?�B7FZ�^F�Tio�?�J�Ie?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BcG�Q$#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�j

T � o���IMNwo�FAN�O�Q�BrJ�I\?�Bry$C�E<@LIM?AQ(@�BcG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@jT � o1B<?cJ�IkG(Bro�F�NX?�E�G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Wj D o��

��>WG�@�>YA(CSQ|F ARx&G*Mz@�>WCJG!¡�>&=?>@BI�CJGLKNMPG*x&M¢V�@�]£yZ]£@�x

/aIWo�F�JPB7FD#<@ANX?�<@�B7FDG(B%Fl¤(@�B<?�E%G,_ Q_oÝ@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@$u�BZIMQ�JPE<iT�<@�B��sJ�Im]�IMJPB<Q(@DG�Q¤#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?kG(BV]�NPG(BHìAT�Q�BQ_o�@���JPBqCYIM@A?ANP#<Q(JXN��<@�BryVBro>?%Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?Z��/HIWo�FW#7B7FW@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FZ��Jl_.BZIMQ½B7FA?$u¦J�Imn�T�NPFUJPBZyVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@$B<?WJPB#ZIMJPT�C�T�@A?�B<Q(@rG�Q$F���F�?�ryVB�� � o�B1CbB<@A?�BcT�Q$Q_o�BcG�NXJ�IM?LIM?ANPTio%G�QyVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@\j9O>Q(N(CbB<Q(?��<?A@�BcC(@�TZ]^T�O�Q�E7B1CYIM@Q_o�B�G(E�nlIMNXJXJ�IWo�#7B�G�Qh#<NX@�#<Q(NX?dC(@ANwy%IMNX@�B�T�Q�Q_o�B+�(@AQ�F�O�Q�B+yVTio>?�E7BUBro�?�Bry$C�E<@LIM?AQ(@�B"odBro>?A@LI{z�o�B<@LIkC(JXQ�FANPB<Q(@�FB�.bB<?�F"�^O>Q(NYC�B<Q(]^Bro�?��<?A@�B\IWo�?LIMi^Tio(NPFA?�B7FrG�Q%CbT�Nwo>?�G(Be]�Q�BdG(BdJ�IH@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E\O>Qs_ NXJPFrIMC(C�T�@A?�B<@�Tio�?1IMQQo�T�Q(]^B<JE<?LIM?Vj3?A@LIWo�FANX?�T�NX@�B"o\G�Q¥F���FA?�ryVB�� * o¥CbB<Q(?eNP#<Nl��CYIM@\J�I%CbBro�F�E7B���FLE<CYIM@�B<@K#7B7FKB�.bB<?�FHBro[G(B<Q��¦#ZIM?�E<i^T�@ANPB7F�#7B<Q��hFAQ�F�#7B<C(?ANw�(JPB7FeG,_`IMQ(iVyVBro�?�B<@eJ�Ik@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E�G�Q¦F��FA?�ryVB��(B<?d#7B<Q��hFAQ�FL#7B<C(?ANw�(JPB7FdG(BaJ�IkG�Nwy$Nwo>Q�B<@Z�

��IM@�y$N�JPB7F�B�.,B<?�F�O�Q(Nl��FAQ(NX?�BduKJ�IHCbB<@A?�BcG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��IMQ(iVyVBro>?�B<@�Tio�?pJ�IK@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��>TioVG(T�NX?p#<NX?�B<@'�

•R;I¥CbB<@A?�BmG�Q �bT�@�BmG�NPF�F�T�Q�FkG�IWo�FkJl_.BZIMQ�B<?$G(BSFLTio�IWo�?ANX@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E¥I�F�F�T�#<NPE7B��;C(JXQ�FkJ�I¥CbB<@A?�BSG(B7FIW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTio�FcF�Q(@�Jl_ tS��G�@�T�iT�ro�BHG(BeJl_.BZIMQs�vûrB<?A?�BK#7Tio>?A@ANw�(Q(?ANPTiohBroS@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E\CbT�FANX?ANX]^B\G(E<CbBro�G�@LIWG(BJ�IV]�IMJPB<Q(@KG(B

Cb�YB<?KG(Tio�#UG�Q¥?A��C�BDG(BU#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBWB<?KG(B�Jl_ Nwo�FA?LIWo�?KG�IWo�F\JPBU#r��#<JPBUG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTio

T,+¦#7B<?A?�B�C�B<@A?�BaFAQ(@A]�NPBro>?Z�• � CbB<@A?�BKO>QYI�FAN�?�T�?LIMJPBaG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��JPB7F��YF�FANPTio�F1O�Q(N,FAQ(@A]�NPBro_o�Bro�?1JPT�@�F�O>Q�BKJPBKFACbB7#<?A@�BKG(B<]�NPBro>?FAQ��%F*IWyyVBro>? ò�ó´ï�8«õ î[C�T�Q(@%O�Q�BhJPB7F%@�EZI�#<?ANPTio�Fºj�u¤F�B<Q(NXJ�o$G(B��YF�FANPTio G(B7FSE<JPEryVBro>?�F�o�Tio�f��YF�F�NXJPB7Fj �>�� ��QeB<? �>I ��Q\o�F�T�NPBro>?WFANXiVo(Nx�Y#ZIM?ANX]^B7FZ�`ûrB<?DB�.,B<?UF�B<@LI�G,_`IMQ(?LIWo�?WC(JXQ�FUi�@LIWo�G¤O�Q�B$J�Im?�Bro�B<Q(@kBroC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yzG�Q¦#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBDB7FA?ci�@LIWo�G(B��

RsB7FeB�.bB<?�FdO�Q(Nl��JPT�@�FeG(BHJ�I$C�B<@A?�BaG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�(n�Tio>?d#Lt>Q(?�B<@KJ�IW@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EUG�Q¦F���FA?�ryVBaF�Tio>?��

•R;I9�YIMNPFLF�B�G(B7Fc?LIMQ���G(B+�YF�FANPTio�Fd?At�B<@�y$NPO>Q�B7F\G�Q�BUIMQhG�Q(@�#<NPF�F�BryVBro�?\G�Q¦FACbB7#<?A@�B��

øVø �

•R�I[#7Tio>?A@�B�fl@�EZI�#<?ANPTioÂ/KT�C(C(JPB<@VG�Q�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���F�Q(NX?�Bhu¦Jl_`IMQ(iVyVBro�?LIM?ANPTio£Bro�?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BhO�Q(NF�Q(@A]�NPBro�?qJPT�@�F�O�Q�BhJl_.Tio¢C�B<@�G JPB¦#ZIMJPT�CbT�@A?�B<Q(@Z��ûrB<?mB�.,B<?%@�B<J��<]^Bh?�T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPFmG,_ Q_o¢#ZIMJP#<Q(JH#7Tiy$C(JPB<?G(BD?A@LIWo�FANX?�T�NX@�BkB<?\B7F�?\O�QYIWo>?ANx�YEWNP#<N�CYIM@KJPB7FK#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?�FaG(B�?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BWG�Q[#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBWB<?HG�QyVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�

R�I��i�Q(@�B�6�� øVø NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BUJl_.B�.,B<?HG(BUJ�I%C�B<@A?�BWG�Q¼yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@aFAQ(@\JPBDFACbB7#<?A@�BWG(B�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FKJPT�@�F�O�Qs_.TioG�Nwy$Nwo�Q�BHJ�IDG(Bro�F�NX?�EaG(BK#7B<JXQ(N�fg#<Nl� Û T�Q(JXNXiVo�Tio�FeO>Q�BKJPBHG�Q(@�#<NPF�F�BryVBro�?eG�Q�FAC�B7#<?A@�BHFZ_`I�#7#7E<J��<@�BHCbT�Q(@cG(B<]^Bro(NX@#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro�?U@LIMC(NPG(B%uSCYIM@A?ANX@UG,_ Q_o�BkCbB<@A?�BVG(B RV0TP�G(BkJ�ImG(Bro�F�NX?�EVG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�bJPB7F�B�.bB<?�F�JPB7FaC(JXQ�Fë�IMi�@LIWo�?�FcFAQ(@1J�Ian�T�@�yVBKi�JPTi�YIMJPBKG�Q�FACbB7#<?A@�BHF�Tio>?c#7Tio�FA?LIM?�E7FcF�Q(@pJ�IUC�B<@A?�BHG(B7F1G(B<@�o(NPB<@�F ø 0TPñG(BKG(Bro�FANX?�E��

¥ KtKNCJG*>!ARCSO�M¢V�@�>[CZG¦AR>�Q§CJK£@�]NT(KN]NVMz@�]NF`Xk∞

>[XSO�F�XJV�@�]NF�XSAJ>�K�u¨xWXJ>&G*©�]N>

� �#ohG(B+y$NPB<Q��m]�NPFAQYIMJXNPFLB<@cJ�IW]�IM@AN�IM?ANPTio¦G�QmnlI�#<?�B<Q(@dG(B+yUQ(JX?ANXC(JXNP#ZIM?ANPTio k∞j9B<?cCYIM@d#7Tio�FLE7O>Q�Bro�?Z�YG(B

J�Ik@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EρodI7]^B7#UJl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB�yVTX�^Bro_o�BDG(B7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FZ�#o�T�Q�FKG(E��#o(NPF�F�Tio�F\J�I$O�QYIWo>?ANX?�E

Kn9Tio�#<?ANPTioºG(B

Jl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB�G(B7F°o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�Fe#7TiyyVBUF�Q(NX?q�

K(E) =

i νiNiσ(n,f)i (E)

i Niσ� ��i (E)

j³6��O�^oT,+�J�IÝF�TiyyVBhFAQ(@

i#7Tio�F�NPG_�<@�B�JPB7FVC(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ���o�T1�>IMQ�� G�Q�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBºB<?$JPB7FVC(@�E7#<Q(@�F�B<Q(@�FqG(B7F

o�TX�>IMQ����YFLFANXJPB7FcNwy$CbT�@A?LIWo>?�F��

��I �1t�� ���� ��I(� ������ � ���>� � ��IKC� � ���J� � ���J ��QU� ���L ��QU� �>�� ��QU� �>NM ��QU� �>I ��Q�� �>NM � y�R�Idn�Tio�#<?ANPTioK(E)

C�B<Q(?��<?A@�B1#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E7Bc#7TiyyVB1Q_okNwo�G�NP#ZIM?�B<Q(@�G�Q$#7Tiy$C�T�@A?�BryVBro�?�G�QWn�I�#<?�B<Q(@k∞G�Qº#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBkF�B<Q(J�FAQ(NX]�IWo�?\Jl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBkG(B7F�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FZ��í\T�Q�F\C�T�Q(]^Tio�FaIMNwo�FAN�FAQ(NX]�@�B�JPBW#7Tiy$C�T�@A?�BryVBro�?

G(BUJ�Ikn�Tio�#<?ANPTioK(E)

uVG�NX]^B<@�FayVTiyVBro>?�FaG(BUJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio[G�Q[#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBWBroº#7Tio�FANPG(E<@LIWo>?HJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioG�Q�]^B7#<?�B<Q(@

NiG(B7FcC(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTio�FeG(B7F:o�TX�>IMQ��¦G�IWo�FcJl_.B���C(@�B7FLFANPTio¦G(B

K�

R�I���i�Q(@�B|6�� ø �k?A@LI�#7BaJl_`IMJXJXQ(@�B�G(B�J�IDn9Tio�#<?ANPTio�ªVj9ÚrocIMQhG(Er�(Q(?eG(BaJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��R�_`IWoYIMJw��FLB�G(Ba#7B<?A?�BO�QYIWo>?ANX?�E�ªVj9Úpo���?A@LI�#7E7BUCbT�Q(@eJPB7FKG�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�B7Fa#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio�FaG(BU#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���]�I o�T�Q�FKIMNPG(B<@au y$NPB<Q��#7Tiy$C(@�Bro�G�@�BeJPBd#7Tiy$C�T�@A?�BryVBro�?cG(BcJ�IH@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EeG�Q%F���FA?�ryVB1JPT�@�FpG(BcJ�I�G�NXJ�IM?LIM?ANPTioSG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��T�Qs�G(BKnlI�Ü7Tio¦E7O�Q(NX]�IMJPBro�?�B���G�Q¦G(E7#ZIMJ�IMi^BUG�QhF�C�B7#<?A@�BaG(B|o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�Fe]^B<@�FdG(B7F°¶ZTio�B7FeG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB7FeC(JXQ�F ò�ó´ï�8�õ î ø �²\Bry%IM@�O>Q�Tio�Fr?�T�Q(?1G(BHFAQ(NX?�B\O�Q�B\JPT�@�F�O>Q�B\JPBKFAC�B7#<?A@�BKG(B�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FcF�B\G(E7#ZIMJPB ð�e�ù>¨�ò î�ü�î ôY6 �YBroq@�B7FA?LIWo�?

G�IWo�FmJPB[G(Tiy%IMNwo�BÞG(B7F�Ero�B<@Ai�NPB7F�?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B7FZ�1]^B<@�FmJPB7F�Ero�B<@Ai�NPB7Fh#<@�T�NPF�F*IWo>?�B7FZ�1Jl_.B�.,B<?hG(BºJ�I¤CbB<@A?�BÞG(ByVT�G(E<@LIM?ANPTiohFAQ(@cJ�ID@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EUB7FA?1?�T�Q�ìT�Q(@�F:o�E<i>IM?AN�n:��JPB �>�� ��Q C(@�E7F�Bro�?eG�IWo�FcJPBH#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���O>Q�B<JPO�Q�BF�T�NX?KJPBW?A��C�BkG(BWC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y #7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E��sIWo_o�Q(JPBkC(@LIM?ANPO>Q�BryVBro�?�J�Iq]�IMJPB<Q(@aG(B

K(E)uqF*I%@�E7FLTioYIWo�#7B$G(B

ø Bg�W� � o�B¦IMQ(iVyVBro�?LIM?ANPTioèG(BhJ�I[?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BºIMQ(@LI¤G(Tio�#hCbT�Q(@qB�.,B<?qG(BmnlIMNX@�B¦#Lt>Q(?�B<@SJ�IÞ@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��C(Q(NPF�O�Q�BHJPBaFACbB7#<?A@�B�G(B+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FeFLBaG(E7#ZIMJPBUB�.,B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro>?%� � î ò´ø*ð�óCõ�ò�ñ�896 î���G�IWo�Fe#7Ba#ZI�FeG(B+��i�Q(@�B��R�I���i�Q(@�B 6�� ø ���`Im@�B<C(@�Bro�G¤J�ImCYIM@A?ANPBV?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B%B<?DE<C(N�fl?At�B<@�y$NPO>Q�B[j9Bro¤G(B7F�F�T�Q�FUG(B ø 0V0hBg�aoKCbT�Q(@

C(JXQ�FrG(Be#<J�IM@A?�EKB<?�NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�B\JPBV� f,ò î öih ��O�Q(N�B���NPFA?�B\G�IWo�F�Jl_`IMJXJXQ(@�BHG(B K(E)uaJ�I�]�IMJPB<Q(@1G(BdJ�I�@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7BHG(B

øVø R

1e-10 1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100Energie (MeV)

1e-08

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

dN

/dL

og

(E)

(U

.A)

Densité nominale

70 % densité

50 % densité

20 % densité

10 % densité

1 % densité

Densité nominale

1% Densité nominale

Ç�Ê�Í Cb = Cb0

1e-10 1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10Energie (MeV)

1e-08

1e-07

1e-06

1e-05

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

Flu

x N

eu

tro

niq

ue

dN

/dL

og

(E)

(U.A

)

Densité nominale

70 % densité

50 % densité

20 % densité

10 % densité

1 % densité

Densité nominale

1% Densité nominale

ÇwÏVÍ Cb = 0

/10�2t]�6�� øVø `¦« ö4ò�f<8fø�ø î,ü©î ôY6�õ�ö>ø9ï î f76«ò î õ î ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô\ø�ð�ñ�ò´ø�õ;: ö�ô î õ�8 ü 8fôEö�698�ñ�ô?õ î ðºóCõ î ô\ø�836Ae*õ�ö ü ñZõSe�ò�ó�Ð6 î ö�ò·ï;ñ�ö�òSõ î öihk6«÷´ï î õ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ø ©;ª�« öL¬�¬hó�° ©;ª�« ö8$9�: d ¸U6 î ô î ö4ò°õ î ­�=�®(¯ î ô « ö î 6r¬ ý ° ©;ª�« ö�­®9;: d¸S6 î ô î ö�ò�õ î m�®�¯ î ô « ö(=

øVø �

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 1e+05 1e+06 1e+07

Energie (eV)

-0,25

0

0,25

0,5

0,75

1

1,25

1,5

1,75

2

2,25

2,5

2,75

3

K(E

) (t

=0

)

7.0 % Pu (UOX, jeune)

15.0% Pu (MOX, vieux)

/1032Ä]#6�� ø ��`½4 ñ ü ï;ñ�ò<6 î�ü�î ôY6�õ î ðºó>ú,ö\ó�ôY69896Ae�¯q¬N6�°°ï;ñ�ö�ò£ð î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î óoö?õSe ý ö�6�õ î ðA: 8fò�ò�óqõ�8�ó�698«ñoô d î ô¹.ñ�ôgf7698�ñ�ô}õ î ðA: e�ô î ò�ù�8 î õ�ö�ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô�=

ø Bl�ÉG�Q �>�� ��QU��R;I���i�Q(@�B+6�� ø ��� �hG(Tio_o�BHJ�IW]�IM@AN�IM?ANPTiohG(BHJ�IUn9Tio�#<?ANPTio K(E)IMQ��SEro�B<@Ai�NPB7F ò�ó´ï�8«õ î ø j�IMQ

G(B<J�uaG(B ø 0V0+¾^Bl��o�B<?�o�T�Q�F�CbB<@�yVB<?�G,_`IW�bT�@�G(B<@�J�I�F�Q(NX?�BdG(BcJ�I�G�NPFL#<Q�F�FANPTio%O�Q(NY#7Tio�#7B<@�o�BdJ�I�C�B<@A?�B��7ì�Q�F�O�Qs_`uG(B7F%]�IMJPB<Q(@�FqO>QYI�FAN�o>Q(JXJPB7FSBro¢G(Bro�FANX?�E��pG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��/aIWo�Fq#7B¦G(B<@�o(NPB<@m#ZI�F%G(B���i�Q(@�B���JPB¦FACbB7#<?A@�BG(B<]^Bro�Qº#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro�?a@LIMC(NPG(B���Tio[Ti��F�B<@A]^B<@LI%Q_o�B�@�BryVTio>?�E7B$G(BUJ�IV@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EWG�QhnlIMNX?\G(BDJ�IV#7Tio>?A@ANw�(Q(?ANPTioG(B7Ft�YFLFANPTio�FeukF�B<Q(NXJsG(B7FeNPF�T�?�T�C�B7F°o�Tio�f��YF�FANXJPB7FZ�

°?>�VM¢IBTRM¢G�@�]£VWCJKt]N>&GLARCSVF�QYD(CZI±@�]ND(KN>!²|DRM¢I�>�AR>³��CR´�µ�¶R;B7FK#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7Fq�1t���QÝuQ�YI�F�BWG(BW��Q õ�ög÷ o�E7#7B7FLFANX?�Bro>?Z�b#7TiyyVB$TioÞIV]�Qs��G(B7FK?�Bro�B<Q(@�F+�bBZIMQ�#7T�Q(C

C(JXQ�F�E<JPB<]^E7B7F�BrokC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yñuH#ZIMQ�FLBrG(B1J�I�yVT�Nwo�G�@�BdO�QYIMJXNX?�Eto�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BdG(B1#7BcG(B<@�o(NPB<@Z��ûrB7F�?�Bro�B<Q(@�F�BroC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yçFLTio>?dG�IWo�FcJPBaG(Tiy%IMNwo�BDG(B7F1?�Bro�B<Q(@�FeBro��YF�FANXJPBaO�Qs_.TiohFZ_`IM?A?�Bro�G¦uD?A@�T�Q(]^B<@eG�IWo�FdQ_oh@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@@LIMC(NPG(BhF�Q(@Ai^Ero�E<@LIM?�B<Q(@ºj9#�n�#�tYIMC(NX?A@�B ø ��o���Ú�o¢T�Q(?A@�B���JPB<Q(@%#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTioèBro �>�� ��QD��G(Tio>?%JPB¦F�B<Q(NXJeG(B�YF�F�NPTiohB7FA?\ukBro>]�NX@�Tio¼0��ORV¼¥Bg�W��B7F�?°��BZIMQ�#7T�Q(C¦C(JXQ�FeE<JPB<]^E7B���u$C(JXQ�FdG(B��V0TP�#7Tio�?A@�BD�V0TP�Bro�]�NX@�TioºG�IWo�FJPB7F���Q @���ô �,Ú�o�FAC�B7#<?A@�Bk@LIMC(NPG(B��bJPB7Fqo�T1�>IMQ���o�Tio�f��YF�FANXJPB7F�#7Tio�?A@ANw�(Q�B<@�Tio>?kG(BWn�I�Ü7TioÞC(JXQ�F�Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�BqunlIMNX@�Bk@�BryVTio>?�B<@DJ�IS@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E$]�N�ISJPB7Fa�YF�FANPTio�FDumF�B<Q(NXJl�bC(Q(NPF�O�Q�BkC(@�E7F�Bro>?�FDBroÝC(JXQ�Fai�@LIWo�G(B$C(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTios�ûrB<?HIMC(C�T�@A?HG(B�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EDF�Q(C(C(JPEryVBro>?LIMNX@�B$F�B<@LIVC(JXQ�FeNwy$CbT�@A?LIWo>?aO�Q�BUG�IWo�FKJPB7F\#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7FHG(BU?���CbB��Q @��ô �R;B%#7Tiy$CbT�@A?�BryVBro>?$G(BVJ�Ih@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EqJPT�@�FDG(B%J�I�CbB<@A?�B%G(BQyVT�G(E<@LIM?ANPTio5G�Nx.��<@�BqG(B$nlI�Ü7TioÝë�IMi�@LIWo�?�BJPT�@�F�O�Q�BhJPB¥FACbB7#<?A@�B¦G(B<]�NPBro>?�o�B<?A?�BryVBro>?�@LIMC(NPG(B��tí\T�Q�FS#7Tio�FA?LIM?�Tio�FZ�pC�T�Q(@qJPB7Fq#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7FmG(B¦?���CbB��Q õ�öw÷ ��Q_o�B+yVT�Nwo�G�@�BaCbB<@A?�BaG(BH@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EaJPT�@�FdG(BHJ�IWCbB<@A?�B�G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�Eí\T�Q�FcNXJXJXQ�F�?A@�Tio�Fd#7B7#<N,CYIM@J�IkFAQ(NX?�B��

ø �V0

Ç�ÊrÍ

ÇwÏVÍ

/10�2t]W6�� ø �°`�« ó�ò�698 î øa¬hó�°H6 ª;î ò ü 8«ú,ö î°î 6�¬ ý °Sò�ó´ï�8�õ î õ î ð�ó�¹,ñoôgf7698�ñ�ô�¯q¬N6�°�ï;ñ�ö�òbõ�8 5�e�ò î ôY6 î ø'f'ñ�ô1j�ù�ö4ò�ó�698�ñ�ô\øõ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îh©;ª�« ö�ó�ö�õSe ý ö�6(õ î ðA: 8fò�ò�óqõ�8�ó�698«ñoô�=

ø � ø

· M7KNV&CRK?A(CEV&F >¸¹VW]£>[X`@4AR>ºyZ]NAJ>

� �#oÞG(Bk]^T�NX@aJPB$#7Tiy$C�T�@A?�BryVBro�?DG(BWJ�IS@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E ρG�QÝF���FA?�ryVBkBro[n9Tio�#<?ANPTioÝG(BkJ�ISG(Bro�FANX?�E

DG�Q

yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�#o�T�Q�FdB�.,B7#<?AQ�Tio�FeG(B7F\#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFeG(B�#<@ANX?ANP#<NX?�EDG�NX@�B7#<?�FZ�víKT�Q�Fd#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�Tio�FKIMJPT�@�FdQ_o�B�B���C(JPT�@LI»f?ANPTio[Bro¥G(Bro�FANX?�E��bG(BDJ�I$]�IMJPB<Q(@�o�Tiy$NwoYIMJPB��

D0j�0������V0V�^���bu�UV0V0LªñB<? ø YVY �YIM@*o��,u ø PçG(BW#7B<?A?�BU]�IMJPB<Q(@Z�

Bro�CYI�FdG(B ø 0TPS�ví\T�Q�F°o�T�Q�FcNwo>?�E<@�B7F�FLTio�FdCYIM@A?ANP#<Q(JXN��<@�BryVBro>?�ukG(B<Q���]�IMJPB<Q(@�FdG(E7G�Q(NX?�B7FeG(Ba#7B7F\#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFq�•R�I$CbBro>?�BDu$Jl_.T�@ANXi�Nwo�BDG(BaJ�I$n9Tio�#<?ANPTio

ρ(D)��#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7BDF�Q(@dJl_.E7#ZIM@A?\Bro¥@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EUJPT�@�FeG(B�J�IVC�B<@A?�B

G(B7FrC(@�Bry$NPB<@�F ø 0TP BroSG(Bro�F�NX?�EKG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z� * o�o�T�?�B<@LI (∂ρ/∂D)D0

#7B<?A?�BK]�IMJPB<Q(@Z��B���C(@ANwyVE7BBro¦C�#ryZ�VPS�

•Ú�o o�T�?LIWo�?

ρ0 = ρ(D0)B<?

ρ1% = ρ(D0/100)��Tio[G(Tio_o�B<@LI%Jl_.E7#ZIM@A?K?�T�?LIMJ�Broº@�BZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��

α » G H� �O�Q(NsB7FA?dJ�IkG�Nx.,E<@�Bro�#7Bρ1% − ρ0

��B���C(@ANwyVE�Bro�C�#ryh�* oºCbT�Q(@A@LIqTi��FLB<@A]^B<@HF�Q(@\Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioÝG(B ρ(D)

��G�QºnlIMNX?KG(B7FHB�.,B<?�FKF�Q(@\J�Iq@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EWEro�Tio�#7E7FHC(JXQ�FtYIMQ(?eB<?dO�Q(N;#7T�B���NPF�?�Bro>?\uW?�T�Q(?°yVTiyVBro�?Z��G(B7FeFANXiVo�B7FdG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�F\C�T�Q(@dJ�IWCbBro>?�B�Nwo(NX?AN�IMJPB

(∂ρ/∂D)D0

B<?Jl_.E7#ZIM@A?��#oYIMJ�Broq@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E

α » G H�� �>RsB��(NXJ�IWoSBroS?�B<@�yVBKG(Bd@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E\i�JPTi�YIMJPBKG�QmF���F�?�ryVBcC�B<Q(?1FZ_ Nwo�]^B<@�F�B<@u yVB7FAQ(@�BDO�Q�BDJ�IVG(Bro�FANX?�EkG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@aG�Nwy$Nwo>Q�B��,��T�Q(@+y$NPB<Q��¥#7Tiy$C(@�Bro�G�@�Bk#7B7#<N-o�T�Q�FHF�E<CYIM@�Tio�FKJ�ICbB<@A?�BaG(B|yVT�G(E<@LIM?ANPTio¦G(BaJ�IWCbB<@A?�B�G(BHJl_.BZIMQ��bT�@�E7B��LûrB7#<N;B7FA?dG(E<?LIMNXJXJPE|y%IMNwo�?�BroYIWo>?Z�

¿ ¸#�V�V¸ × Ø!� À�× ä#�T�)�V¸YØ��¼�W� Ö � Á À �T¸ × Õ��W� À Ø��/aIWo�FpQ_oqC(@�Bry$NPB<@1?�Bry$C�Fto�T�Q�FrB�.bB7#<?AQ�Tio�Fc#7B7Fr#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFcFLIWo�F���T�@�BKG�NPF�F�T�Q�FrG�IWo�FrJPB'yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@dI{�#o

G(BW]^T�NX@aQ_o(NPO�Q�BryVBro>?�Jl_.B�.,B<?aG(BkJ�I%CbB<@A?�BkG(B�yVT�G(E<@LIM?ANPTios�,R;B7F+��i�Q(@�B7F+6�� ø 6hB<?+6�� ø Y�yVTio>?A@�Bro>?DJl_`IMJXJXQ(@�BG(BHJ�Ik@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E�Bromn�Tio�#<?ANPTio¦G(BaJ�IkG(Bro�FANX?�EUG(E7#<@�T�NPF�FLIWo>?�B G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�

íKT�Q�FmTi��F�B<@A]^Tio�F�Q_o�B[G�Nwy$Nwo>Q(?ANPTio o�B<?A?�BÞG(B¥J�I�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EÞG�IWo�Fm?�T�Q�FmJPB7F�#ZI�FZ� � QèG(Er�(Q(?hG(BºJ�IG�Nwy$Nwo�Q(?ANPTio�G(BkJ�I�G(Bro�FANX?�E%G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�;JPB7FaC�Bro�?�B7F(∂ρ/∂D)D0

B<?aJPB7F�#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?�FWG(Bk]�NPG(Bα » G H�Ti��F�B<@A]^E7F1G�IWo�FrJPB7F1G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�Fc#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7FeF�Tio>?1?�T�Q�F1FA?A@ANP#<?�BryVBro>?:o�E<i>IM?AN�n�FZ��RsB7Fr]�IMJPB<Q(@�FrG(B

α » G H� F�Tio�??�T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPF��bBZIMQ�#7T�Q(CqC(JXQ�F�n�IMNw�(JPB7FKj9Bro%]�IMJPB<Q(@rIW��F�T�JXQ�B"o�C�T�Q(@�JPB7F�#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB7F1uq�YI�F�BdG(B£��Q õ�öw÷ �^��T�Q(@#7B$?���CbBVG(BV#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���J�I�#�t�Q(?�B%G(B$@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E%Ti��F�B<@A]^E7BqFZ_`I�G(T�Q�#<NX?UJPT�@�FLO>Q�B$J�IhG(Bro�FANX?�EVG�Nwy$Nwo>Q�BSB<?G�IWo�FrJPBH#ZI�F1G�Qò��Q õ�öw÷ �Z8 î öVh Tio�Ti��F�B<@A]^Bay �ryVBKQ_o�B\@�BryVTio�?�E7BaG(BKJ�I�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��EûrB7F1G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�#7B7FcF�Tio�?Bro�#7T�@�BaQ_o�Ban9T�NPFdIM?A?A@ANw�(Q�E7B7FHuWJ�IWi�@LIWo�G(B�?�Bro�B<Q(@eBro¦C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yçG(B7Fe#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7FKu9�YI�FLBaG(B ��Q õ�öw÷ �

¿ ¸#�V�V¸ × Ø!� À�× ä#�T�)�V¸YØ�� �(Ù-¸���Ø Ö ¸�� À;Ö ��¸ Ö �i�S�g�^Õ À;ÖCb0

× ¸�Á À �T¸ × Õ��W� À Ø��íKT�Q�FsB�.,B7#<?AQ�Tio�F�y%IMNwo�?�BroYIWo>?�#7B�y �ryVB�#ZIMJP#<Q(J�Bro�Nwo�#<JXQYIWo>?�G�IWo�FsJl_.BZIMQUG�QqyVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@;Q_o�BpO>QYIWo�?ANX?�E

G(B���T�@�B�oYIM?AQ(@�B<J�u$J�I%#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTioCb0

�YG(E<?�B<@�y$Nwo�E7BDCbT�Q(@\#�tYI�O�Q�BW#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBkE<?AQ�G�NPE�� Û T�Q(JXNXiVo�Tio�FNP#<NsO�Q�BKJPBm� ï;ñ�ö~� ñ�8Pò ��IW��F�T�@��YIWo>?\G�Q���T�@�BH]�IM@ANPB�IMQ�F�FAN;IZ]^B7#aJPBaFACbB7#<?A@�B�� � Nwo�FANl�(BrohG�Nwy$Nwo�QYIWo>?\J�IkG(Bro�FANX?�EG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@VBro�CYI�F$G(B ø 0TPS��Tio�CbB<@�G�uº#�tYI�O�Q�BmCYI�FkQ_o�B�O>QYIWo�?ANX?�E

(Cb0/10)Bro�C(C_y G(B��bT�@�B

C(@�E7F�Bro�?aG�IWo�F\JPB9yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z� � Nwo�FAN^o�TioÞF�B<Q(JPBryVBro>?�TioÞIqG(B�yVT�Nwo�FHBro yVT�Nwo�FHG(B9��T�@�B�y%IMNPFKJPB��bT�@�B

ø ���

Ç�Ê�Ívô�Ó @��ôZ¼ ½ à�¾1ÝTàÀ¿ ÇwÏVÍ�ô#Ó @��ôJ¼¨Ál à�¾�Ã�¿/10�2t]�6�� ø 6�`54 ó]ø*õ�ö¼f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ¸ ý ó�ø î õ îñ« ö 8$9�: ¬�e�� ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô6õ î ð�ó©òe�óTfZ698ì�Z896Aekói� î f�ö�ô î õ î ô\ø�836AeXõ�öü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò�õ<e�f,ò�ñ�8�ø´ø,ó�ô�6 îÄI�M7XZI4DUFHG*>!A(]£I�I�F�CJI =

Ç�ÊrÍ�ô#Ó õ�ög÷ ¼ ½ à�¾XÝVàÀ¿ ÇwÏiÍ�ô�Ó õ�öw÷ ¼ÅÁl à�¾�Ã�¿/10�2t]�6�� ø Y�`�4 ó]ø�õ�ö f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ¸ ý ó]ø î õ îË« ö %('�) ¬öe�� ñ�ð ö�698«ñ�ô8õ î ðºó©ò�e�óSf7698ì�"836Ae�ói� î f�ö4ô î õ î ô\ø�836Ae�õ�öü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò�õ<e�f,ò�ñ�8�ø´ø,ó�ô�6 îÄI�M7XZI4DUFHG*>!A(]£I�I�F�CJI =

O>Q(N;@�B7FA?�BaB7FA?dG(B|yVT�Nwo�FdBro yVT�Nwo�FeB��%#ZI�#7BUuk#ZIMQ�F�BUG�Q¦G�Q(@�#<NPF�F�BryVBro�?d@�E7FAQ(JX?LIWo>?KG�Q¦FACbB7#<?A@�B��RsB7F���i�Q(@�B�6�� ø USB<?a6�� ø �VNXJXJXQ�F�?A@�Bro>?aJl_.B�.,B<?HG(BWJ�IqCbB<@A?�BDG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@UI7]^B7#kG�Q ��T�@�BkG�NPF�F�T�Q�FaIMQ��

#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio�FCb0

E<?LIW�(JXNPB7FdCYIM@°o�T�?A@�BqyVT�G_�<JPB��

ø �V�

Ç�Ê�Í�ô#Ó @���ôZ¼ ½ à�¾1ÝTàÀ¿ ÇwÏVÍ�ô#Ó @��ôJ¼¨Ál à�¾�Ã�¿/1032Ä]#6�� ø U�`54 ó�ø£õoö f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ¸ ý ó]ø î õ îñ« ö 8$9;: ¬�e�� ñ�ð ö�698«ñ�ô6õ î ð�ó�ò�e�óSf7698ì�"836AekóV� î f�ö�ô î õ î ô\ø�836AeXõ�öü ñZõSe,ò�ó�6 î ö4ò�õSe�f,ò�ñ�8fø�ø,óoôY6 îÄ>@4A(CED?FHG*>!TJG*x&I�>WX`@BARM7XZIBKN>�Q1F AJxWG�Mz@�>[CZG =

Ç�ÊrÍ�ô#Ó õ�öw÷ ¼ ½ à�¾1ÝVàÀ¿ ÇwÏVÍ�ô#Ó õ�ög÷ ¼ÅÁl à�¾�Ã�¿/1032Ä]�6�� ø �q`¤4 ó�ø¥õ�ö f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î ¸ ý ó�ø î õ îÉ« ö %R'�) ¬öe�� ñoð ö�698«ñoô}õ î ðºó©ò�e'óTf7698³�Z836Ae�óV� î f�ö4ô î õ î ôvø*896Ae*õ�öü ñZõSe,ò�ó�6 î ö4ò�õSe�f,ò�ñ�8fø�ø,óoôY6 îÄ>@4A(CED?FHG*>!TJG*x&I�>WX`@BARM7XZIBKN>�Q1F AJxWG�Mz@�>[CZG =

R;T�@�FqG(B¦Jl_`I»ìT�Q(?SG(B��bT�@�B¦G�IWo�FqJPB�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@qJ�I2y%IM@Ai^B¦Bro @�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E ¸�ô î ï\ó]ø?õSe9ï;ó�ø�ø î ò B7FA?�bBZIMQ�#7T�Q(CqC(JXQ�F1E<?A@�T�NX?�B���C(Q(NPF�O�Qs_.B<JXJPBHB7FA?rG(E<?�B<@�y$Nwo�E7BHCYIM@rJ�IU]�IMJPB<Q(@rNwo(NX?AN�IMJPB

ρ0��O>Q(NbB7FA?�C(JXQ�FpnlIMNw�(JPB���RsB7F

#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7Fcu|�YI�F�B\G(B¢��Q @���ô C(@�E7F�Bro>?�Bro�?1G(B7Fp]�IMJPB<Q(@�FpG(B α » G H� O�Q(NY@�B7F�?�Bro>?Äo�E<i>IM?ANX]^B7F�y%IMNPF1I7]^B7#KG(B7F

ø �W6

C�Bro�?�B7F(∂ρ/∂D)D0

O>Q(N�C�B<Q(]^Bro�?Ä�<?A@�BeC�T�FANX?ANX]^B7F"��ûK_.B7FA?rB�.bB7#<?ANX]^BryVBro�?1O�QYIWo�GQ/èB7F�?�C(@�T�#�t�BKG(BD0

O�Q�BJPB|�bT�@�BaB7FA?cJPBaC(JXQ�FdB��%#ZI�#7B��YJPBaFAC�B7#<?A@�BUG(B+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FeE<?LIWo>?\JPBHC(JXQ�Fd?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�B��

RsB%#ZI�F�G�Q¤��Q õ�öw÷ -Zî ö�ô îqB7FA?aCYIM@A?ANP#<Q(JXNPB<@Z�vo�T�Q�FUTi��F�B<@A]^Tio�F�?A@�7FU]�NX?�BkQ_o�Bo�B<?A?�B%@�BryVTio>?�E7BqG(B$J�I@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EpJPT�@�F�G(B�J�IcCbB<@A?�B�G(B�Jl_.BZIMQ��bT�@�E7B'�7JPB7F�#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio�F�G(B���T�@�B

Cb0

C�T�Q(@�#7B�?���CbB�G(B�C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�SFLTio>?:o�B<?A?�BryVBro>?\C(JXQ�FdE<JPB<]^E7B7FdO�Q�Ba#7B<JXJPB7FcCbT�Q(@cJPB ��Q õ�ög÷ �Z8 î öih ��G�Q�n�IMNX?cG(BHJ�IWC(JXQ�Fci�@LIWo�G(B�?�Bro�B<Q(@Bro �>�� ��Q G(BH#7BaG(B<@�o(NPB<@Z��yVT�Nwo�FdG(B+�bT�@�BHB7FA?to�E7#7B7F�FLIMNX@�BHCbT�Q(@c@�E<?LIW�(JXNX@

k Å�Æ á ø G�Qh#43HQ(@Z�(R�_`IMJXJXQ(@�BUG(B7F#7T�Q(@���B7Fρ(D)

E<?LIW�(JXNPB7FpC�T�Q(@pJPBe#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPBKuq�YI�F�BeG(B£��Q õ�ög÷ B7FA?pIWoYIMJPT�i�Q�BHu�#7B<JXJPB7FrE<?LIW�(JXNPB7F�JPT�@�FrG(BJ�IkCbB<@A?�BaG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@\FLIWo�F:�bT�@�BaG�NPF�F�T�Q�Fq�(B<JXJPB7F\#7Tio_oYIMNPF�F�Bro>?eQ_o�BaNwo�ëYB���NPTio¥B<?cQ_o�Ba@�BryVTio>?�E7BDG(BaJ�I@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EKO�QYIWo�GQ/èG�Nwy$Nwo>Q�B���IM?A?A@ANw�(Q�E7B\C(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMJPBryVBro>?dIMQ���YF�FANPTio�FruaF�B<Q(NXJ�O�Q(NYFAQ(@A]�NPBro_o�Bro>?rJPT�@�F�O�Q�BJPBaFACbB7#<?A@�BKB7F�?1#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro�?d@LIMC(NPG(B��(RsB7F1?LIW�(JPBZIMQ���6����DB<?Ä6��ORW@�E7F�Q_yVBro>?cJPB7F1]�IMJPB<Q(@�Fc#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B7FcC�T�Q(@

α » G H�B<?(∂ρ/∂D)D0

G�IWo�FdJPB7FdG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�F\#ZI�FcNXJXJXQ�FA?A@�E7FeC(@�E7#7E7G(BryyVBro>?Z�

����C�BUG(Ba��Q ��Q @��ô -Zî ö�ô î ��Q @��ô �Z8 î öih�;Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ��� G ÁA@�~H � ?�����ô��NH� n*olp @ � 2 Ä �VP R��OYTP ø 0TP RTP �TP ø 0TPCb0 ¿ � � ?��� � ����� Ä � ÀÀ z�

6>�V0V0 U ø 0V0 �iYV0V0 6S�VYV0 Y ø 0V0 Y^�i0V0(∂ρ/∂D)D0 ¿ Cb = 0 Ä � À B� à � � f ø 6>� f ø 6SY f ø 6S� f ø YVU f ø Y�� f ø 6SYα » G H� j Cb = 0

o� À B� z� f�YV0V0V0V0 f��W6V6S0V0 fw�V�VYV0V0 fI6 øVø 0V0 f�� ø �V0V0 fw�W6SUV0V0

(∂ρ/∂D)D0 ¿ Cb = Cb0 Ä � À B� à � � f��&Æ �&Æ ø 0V0 f ø 0WÆ f��W6 f��WÆα » G H� ¿ Cb = Cb0 Ä � À B� z� fI6S0��V0V0 fw�V0V0V0V0 f ø 0VYV0V0 f����VUV0V0 f ø �VRV0V0 f ø 6SUV0V0

[�Ì^\-]�6����q`½4 ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îS©;ª�« ö ²2ói� î f « ö8$9�:,= 4 ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6Pø�ò î ð�ó�698 ¹´øU¸©ð�ó�ï î ò<6 î õ�ö ü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò7= yî ø

ó]ø�6Ae,ò*8fø,ú,ö î øXõ<e ü ó�ò�ú.ö î ô�6�ð î ø�ú,ö\ó�ôY69896Ae´ø�ú,ö�8·ø.ñ�ôY6�õ�ó�ô\ø�ð î ø ý ó�ò´ò î økõ;: î ò´ò î ö�ò7=

Ç �v�A�(Ø�� × ¸���� À ¸¢È �(ÕI¸ Ö �T� × ¸7�V¸��c�cä#�S�g�^Ø��T¸RsB7F�B�.,B<?�F;G(B�?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BrNwo>?�B<@A]�NPBro_o�Bro>?�udG(B<Q��qo(NX]^BZIMQ��WG�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�F�G�IWo�F�J�IdF�?LIW�(NXJXNX?�E�G�QDF��FA?�ryVB��

•/aIWo�F�JPBp#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���CYIM@�B�.,B<?ö/KT�C(C(JPB<@�G,_.E<J�IM@Ai�NPF�F�BryVBro�?�G(B7F;@�E7FLTioYIWo�#7B7F�G(B7F�F�B7#<?ANPTio�F�B��%#ZI�#7B7FG(B�#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B�@LI�G�N�IM?ANX]^BUG(B7F:o�TX�>IMQ���o�Tio�f��YFLFANXJPB7F��R�_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB$G,_`IMi�NX?LIM?ANPTio¤?At�B<@�y$NPO>Q�BkG(B7F+o�T1�>IMQ��[G�QÞ#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB$G(E<CbBro�G[G(BDJ�Iq?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�B$G(B#7B\G(B<@�o(NPB<@Z����T�Q(@pQ_o�B\Ero�B<@Ai�NPBeG(B'o�B<Q(?A@�TioqG(Tio_o�E7B���Jl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB\G�QZo�B<Q(?A@�TioqB�.,B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro>?1]�Q�BdCYIM@JPBZo�T1�>IMQ�#<Nw�(JPBSB7FA?DG�NPFACbB<@�F�E7B���G�IWo�FWJPBV@�E�n�E<@�Bro>?ANPB<JcG�Q½#7Bro�?A@�BmG(BQy%I�F�FLB o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�fIo�T1�>IMQs��F�B<JPTioJPBVF�C�B7#<?A@�B$Bro¤Ero�B<@Ai�NPBVC(@�T�C(@�B%umJl_`IMi�NX?LIM?ANPTio¤?At�B<@�y$NPO�Q�BVG�Q2o�TX�>IMQs�;R�_.B�.,B<?�/HT�C(C(JPB<@ e�ð�ó�ò�ù�896 JPB7F@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7B7F"��Bro¦IW�YIMNPF�FLIWo�?dJPB<Q(@dC(NP#���R�_`IW�YIMNPFLF�BryVBro>?KG�Q�C(NP#aG(BaJ�IW@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7B|os_`Ik#7B<CbBro�G�IWo>?\CYI�F

ø �VY

����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q õ�öw÷ -Zî ö�ô î ��Q õ�öw÷ �Z8 î öih�;Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ���xG Á�@���H � ?����ô���H� n�olp @ � 2 Ä ø �TP ø �TP ø 6<P ø 6<P ø YTP ø UTPCb0 ¿ � � ?�^� � ����� Ä � ÀÀ z�

6SYV0V0 Y��V0V0 Y��VYV0 �V0V0V0 �W6SYV0 ���VYV0(∂ρ/∂D)D0 ¿ Cb = 0 Ä � À B� à � � f ø 0^� f øVø � f�RVY f ø 6SU f ø 0V0 f øVø 6α » G H�� j Cb = 0

o� À B� z� f ø �i�V0V0 f ø �VUV0V0 f�RVYV0V0 fw�W6S0V0 f�YW6S0V0 fw�V0V0V0

(∂ρ/∂D)D0 ¿ Cb = Cb0 Ä � À B� à � � UV0 ø �WÆ UVU fw�VR f�Y^� f��^�α » G H�� j Cb = Cb0

o� À B� z� f ø 0V0V0V0 fw�V�V0V0 f ø 0V0WÆ f�U^�i0V0 f��V0V0WÆ È ø UV0V0

[pÌ-\^]T6��ORa`[4 ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î$©;ª�« ö ²2ói� î f « ö %('�) = 4 ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6PøIò î ð�ó�698 ¹�ø\¸�ð�óIï î ò<6 î õ�ö ü ñZõSe,ò�ó�6 î ö4òZ=�= yî ø

ó]ø<6Ae�ò�8�ø.ú,ö î ø�õSe ü ó�ò�ú,ö î ôY6tð î ø�ú.ö;ó�ô�69836Ae´ø�ú.ö�8·ø.ñ�ôY6tõqó�ô\ø�ð î ø ý ó�ò�ò î øXõ;: î ò´ò î ö�ò7=

G,_ Nwo�#<NPG(Bro�#7B%FAQ(@\J�I%C(@�Ti�YIW�(NXJXNX?�EVG,_`IW��F�T�@AC(?ANPTioÝG�Q¼o�B<Q(?A@�TioÝG�IWo�FKJPBk#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��,O�Q(N�C�B<Q(?+�<?A@�B#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�Ee#7TiyyVB\Q_o y$NXJXNPB<Q f<8 ý ð î e9ï;ó�8�ø´ø î<��T,+VJPB:o�B<Q(?A@�Tios��uHJl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBeG(BeJ�IH@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7B��>B7F�?�?�T�Q�fìAT�Q(@�F1IW��F�T�@���E���R�_.B�.,B<?pFANXiVo(Nx�Y#ZIM?AN�n�B7F�?�Gz¤Su�Jl_.E<J�IM@Ai�NPF�F�BryVBro>?cG(B7F ó�8fð î ø G(B7Fp@�E7F�TioYIWo�#7B7FZ��O�Q(NYE<J��<]^BJPB7F�?LIMQ��ÞG,_`IW��FLT�@AC(?ANPTio�Fqo�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7FUG�IWo�FaQ_o�B$C(J�IMi^B%BroÝEro�B<@Ai�NPBVG(B7Fqo�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FUC(JXQ�Fai�@LIWo�G(B����T�Q(@rQ_o o�T1�>IMQQ�YF�FANXJPB���Jl_.B�.,B<?�B���NPFA?�BdFANwyDQ(JX?LIWo�EryVBro>?rC�T�Q(@�JPB7FpF�B7#<?ANPTio�F�B��%#ZI�#7B7FrG(Bt�YF�F�NPTio%B<?�G(B#ZIMC(?AQ(@�Be@LI�G�N�IM?ANX]^BeB<?�CbB<Q(?�F�Bd#7Tiy$CbBro�F�B<@Z�T/aIWo�F�o�T�?A@�B\#ZI�F�G(Bd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��1t���Qs�^#7B<?�B�.,B<?�F�B<@LIG(Tiy$Nwo�E%C(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMJPBryVBro>?WCYIM@aJPB7F|o�T1�>IMQ�� ��I �1t��bC(@�E7F�Bro>?UBroÝO�QYIWo>?ANX?�E7FDNwy$CbT�@A?LIWo>?�B7FZ�sB<? �>�� ��Q;�o�TX�>IMQ¦i�@LIWo�G(BryVBro�?\@�E7F�TioYIWo�?Z�

•/aIWo�F\JPB�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��CYIM@KB�.,B<?HG(B õSef'ó�ð�óZù î%G(BUJ�I}ý ñ]ø´ø î 6 ª;î ò ü 8�ú,ö îVG�QºF�C�B7#<?A@�BWG(B7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�F]^B<@�F�G(B7F�Ero�B<@Ai�NPB7F�C(JXQ�F�Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�B7F�FAQ(NX?�B1udJl_`IMQ(iVyVBro�?LIM?ANPTio%G(B�J�Ie?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BrG�Q9yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�

R;B7Fe#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?�FKG(B�#7Tio>?A@�B�fl@�EZI�#<?ANPTioÞBro¦?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BUFLTio>?\#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7F\F�E<CYIM@�EryVBro>?KCbT�Q(@dJPBU#7Tiy��(Q�Ff?ANw�(JPB��

α B��� �� ��B<?cJPB|yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z� α (��H �(íKT�Q�FcJPB7F\G(E��#o(NPF�F�Tio�Fd#7TiyyVB�F�Q(NX?��

α B��� �� =∂ρ

∂T � |T � α (�AH =∂ρ

∂T � |T �j³6�� 6�o

· F >&¸¹V&]N>WX`@BAR>º@�>[Q|TUxWG�Mz@�CJG�>YA(CEVF`Q�D(CJI±@�]NDRKN>

íKT�Q�Fm]^E<@ANx�YTio�FhO�Q�B[JPBÞ#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?¦G(Bº?�Bry$C�E<@LIM?AQ(@�B�G�Qè#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��α B��� �� �r@�B7FA?�BÞFA?A@ANP#<?�BryVBro�?o�E<i>IM?AN�n�C�T�Q(@1?�T�Q(?�B7FcJPB7Fc#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio�FKG(BH#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBD#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E7B7FZ�_;wJsIkE<?�EKB7F�?ANwyVEaBro¦IMQ(iVyVBro>?LIWo>?

J�I�?�Bry$C�E<@LIM?AQ(@�BHG(BH�V0V0,ª¡u øVø 0V0,ª¡Broq?A@�T�NPFrCYI�FrG(B ø 0V0,ª$� � ]^B7#°o�T�?A@�BHFA?LIM?ANPFA?ANPO�Q�B���j��V0V090V0V0�o�B<Q(?A@�Tio�FF�T�Q(@�#7B"odJl_.B<@A@�B<Q(@�O�Q(N�Bro�?LI�#�t�BV#7B<?A?�BkB7FA?ANwy%IM?ANPTioÞB7FA?HG,_.Bro>]�NX@�Tio 0��O�qC�#ryZ�*ª$�bRsB7FK?LIW�(JPBZIMQ�� 6��`�SB<?a6�� ø 0G(Tio_o�Bro�?\#7B7Fc@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�F"�

ø �VU

����C�BaG(B���Q ��Q @��ô ìB<Q_o�B ��Q @��ô ]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@\Broh��Q �VP R��OYTP ø 0TP RTP �TP ø 0TPα B��� �� j3Cb#ryZ�*ªUo fI6��`� f�Y��OR f�Y��OR f����O0 f�U���� f����OR

[�Ì^\-]-6��`��`ê4 ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6PøCõ î 6 î,ü ï#e�ò�ó^6«ö4ò î õ�ö7f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î f�ó�ðxf.ö4ð�e´ø£ï\ñ�ö4ò�ð î øZf�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î ø�¸ ý ó]ø î õ î« ö&8$9;:7= : î ò�ò î ö4ò*ø�6 ó�698fø�698�ú,ö î�î ø�6�õ îe� =�l£ï�f ü�� ¯ î ô#�"8fò�ñ�ô�=

����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q õ�öw÷ ìAB<Q_o�B ��Q õ�öw÷ ]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@KBro¦��Q ø �TP ø �TP ø 6<P ø 6<P ø YTP ø UTPα B��� �� j3Cb#ryZ�*ªUo f�Y�� ø fI6��`� f�Y��O0 f����O0 f����OY f����O�

[�Ì^\-]-6�� ø 0Z`£4 ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6Sõ î 6 î,ü ï#e�ò�ó^6«ö4ò î õ�ö f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î f'ó�ðwf,ö�ðwe�ø£ï;ñ�ö�ò©ð î øQf'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î øS¸ ý ó]ø î õ î« ö %R'�) = : î ò�ò î ö4ò£ø�6 ó�698fø�698�ú,ö îXî ø�6�õ îe� =�l£ï�f ü�� ¯ î ô#�Z8Pò�ñ�ô�=

· F >¸ÉV&]N>WX`@4AR>º@�>WQ1TUx&G*Mz@�CJG�>YARCgQ|F ARx&G*Mz@�>WCJG

��T�Q(@\JPBD#ZIMJP#<Q(J�G�Qº#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?aG(B�?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BWG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@α (�AH ��J�I$?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�B$IVE<?�EWIMQ(i�fyVBro>?�EmG(B�UV0V0,ª�u UVYV0,ªzCYIM@DCYI�FWG(B ø 0,ªzB<?WJ�I¦G(Bro�FANX?�ESG�Q yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@$#7T�@A@ANXi^E7BmF�B<JPTio½Q_o�B%JPT�N1G(B

G�NXJ�IM?LIM?ANPTioÝG(B−3 × 10−3/

ªV��FAQ(C(C�T�FLE7BU]�IMJXNPG(BkFAQ(@K#7B<?HNwo�?�B<@A]�IMJXJPB�å ø ��æg��R�_.B�.bB<?HC(@�E7G(Tiy$NwoYIWo>?DB7FA?K#7B<JXQ(NG(BVJ�I¦G�NXJ�IM?LIM?ANPTio5G(B%Jl_.BZIMQ�O�Q�B o�T�Q�FWI7]^Tio�FWJ�IM@Ai^BryVBro>?$G�NPF�#<Q(?�EqG�IWo�FUJ�IhCYIM@A?ANPBVC(@�E7#7E7G(Bro>?�B���R�_.B<@A@�B<Q(@FA?LIM?ANPFA?ANPO�Q�B�B7FA?dG,_.Bro�]�NX@�Tio �WC�#ryZ�*ª$��R;Ba?LIW�(JPBZIMQ�6�� øVø yVTio�?A@�B�JPB7Fc@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�F"�

����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q @��ô ìB<Q_o�B ��Q @��ô ]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@KBroh��Q �VP R��OYTP ø 0TP RTP �TP ø 0TPα (�AH j3Cb#ryZ�*ªUo f ø U f�YWÆ È ø Y fw��� f ø 0 fI6zÆ����CbB�G(Ba��Q ��Q(õ�öw÷�ìAB<Q_o�B ��Q(õ�öw÷;]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@KBroh��Q ø �TP ø �TP ø 6<P ø 6<P ø YTP ø UTPα (�AH j3Cb#ryZ�*ªUo f�Y�� 6zÆ È+�WÆ È+R�� 6 f��VR fw�^� f ø U

[�Ì^\-]�6�� øVø `¡4 ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6Pø?õ î 6 î,ü ï#e�ò�ó^6«ö4ò î õ�ö ü ñZõ<e�ò�ó^6 î ö4ò f'ó�ðwf,ö�ðwe´øZ= : î ò�ò î ö4ò�ø�6 ó�698fø�698�ú,ö î}î ø�6Xõ î lï�f ü�� ¯ î ô#�Z8Pò�ñ�ôb= 4 ñ ü ï�6 î 6 î ôvö6õ î f î 6�6 î>î ò´ò î ö�òkðA: ó]ø<6Ae�ò*8fø,ú.ö î ò î ï�¨�ò î ð î ø f'ñ îNs f<8 î ôY6Pø�ú,ö�8bõqñ�8³� î ôY6 3 6«ò îò�e=e�� ó�ð ö_e�økói� î fXö4ô î ø<6 ó�698fø�698�ú,ö î ïLð ö4ø�8 ü ï;ñ�ò<6 ó�ôY6 î =

Ú�o¥G(E��#o(NX?ANX]^B��#o�T�?A@�BqyVT�G_�<JPBUI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^BDIMNwo�F�N;O>Q�B�J�IDn�I�Ü7Tio¦G(Tio�?'o�T�Q�FKI7]^Tio�FKG(Tio_o�EaQ_o�Ba]�IMJPB<Q(@u

Cb0

�_o�T�Q�FcCbB<@�yVB<?A?�Bro>?HG,_`I{� o�B<@\G(B7FcC(J�IMi^B7F\G(Ba?�Bro�B<Q(@\Bro¦C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y �bT�@�o�E7B7FeFAQ(CbE<@ANPB<Q(@�BryVBro>?\CYIM@Q_o�Be?�Bro�B<Q(@Äy%I»��Nwy%IMJPB\O�Q(Nl��G�IWo�F�o�T�?A@�B�yVT�G_�<JPB��<o�T�Q�F�CbB<@�yVB<?1G(Be#7Tio�F�B<@A]^B<@1G(B7Fp#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?cG(Be]�NPG(BKB<?

ø �^�

1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100Energie (MeV)

1e-09

1e-08

1e-07

1e-06

Flu

x n

eu

tro

niq

ue

dN

/dL

og

(E)

(U.A

)

T=600K, d(T)

T=650K, d(T)

/1032Ä]<6�� ø R|`V«Iî ò�6 î õ î°ü ñZõSe,ò�ó�698�ñ�ô�ø´ö�836 î ¸kö4ô î ó�ö�ù ü©î ôY6 ó�698�ñ�ô?õ î 6 î,ü ï#e�ò�ó^6«ö4ò î õ�ö ü ñZõ<e�ò�ó^6 î ö4òV¬�® � ¯d°�=4 : î ø�6Lð�: î 5 î 6yõ î õ�8Pð�ó�6 ó�698�ñ�ô©õ î ð�: î óoökú.ö�8 î ø�6 ü ó - ñ�ò�836 ó�8Pò î�ü�î ôY6�ò î ø ï;ñ�ôvø,ó ý ð î õ î ð�ó ü ñþõ�8 jÄf'ó�698�ñ�ôCõ�ö*ø ï î fZ6«ò îõ î ô î ö�6«ò�ñ�ô\ø7=

G(BW?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BVFA?A@ANP#<?�BryVBro>?�o�E<i>IM?AN�n9FZ�,R;B7F�#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?�F�G(Bk?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�BVG�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@DB<?HG(Bk]�NPG(BF�Tio�?D#7TiyyVBZo�T�Q�F�Jl_`IZ]^Tio�FWG�NX?Z��F�T�Q�FfgB7FA?ANwyVE7FWBro¤]�IMJPB<Q(@WIW��FLT�JXQ�Bquh#ZIMQ�FLB%G(BVJ�Ihi�@LIWo�G(BqO�QYIWo>?ANX?�ESG(B�bT�@�B�C(@�E7FLBro>?Z��í\T�Q�F�IZ]^Tio�F�]^E<@ANx�YErO�Q�Br#7B<Q���fg#<N�@�B7FA?LIMNPBro�?�F�?A@ANP#<?�BryVBro>?�o�E<i>IM?AN�n�F�uK#7Tio�#7Bro�?A@LIM?ANPTioVG(B��bT�@�Bo�Q(JXJPB��(R�_ Q(?ANXJXNPFLIM?ANPTiohG(BHCbT�NPF�Tio�F1#7Tio�F�Tiyy%IW�(JPB7FZ��Bro�G�Nwy$Nwo>QYIWo�?dJ�IW#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTioºG(B��bT�@�BH#<@ANX?ANPO>Q�B���]�IIWyVE<JXNPT�@�B<@e#7B7Fe#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?�F\G�IWo�FcJPBUF�Bro�FdG(BHJ�I$Fl¤(@�B<?�E��

ø �VR

Ê ËÍÌ�ÎÐÏ[Ñ�ÒeÓ Ô

Ë Õ ÓÕÚ·Íå̧Ù`Ó æ ÎÏÍ Ò#Ó Ô Ö×ÍÏØ�̧Ù`Ö×Ú`Ð Ù�Û Ì�Ð Ý Û ÞßÎÑÐ

à áÑÓãâ¨Ù·ÍÏÔ ä Ú·ÍåÌ�ÓÕæÏÙ·ÍÏÔ

íKT�Q�Fc]^Bro�Tio�FZ��G�IWo�FdJPB�#LtYIMC(NX?A@�B�C(@�E7#7E7G(Bro>?Z��G(BU#ZIMJP#<Q(JPB<@\JPB7Fd#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?�FHG(B�#7Tio>?A@�B�fl@�B�Ö�#<?ANPTios��CbT�Q(@G�NX]^B<@�F�B7F$#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio�FVG(Bm#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��1t���Q�Bro yVT�G(B�I�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B�� � �#o5G,_.T�C(?ANwy$NPF�B<@$JPB%?LIMQ��5G(B#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio¦C�T�Q(@c#�tYI�O�Q�BK?A��C�BHG(BH#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB���o�T�Q�F1@�B<?ANPBro�G�@�Tio�FcC�T�Q(@rJ�IWFAQ(NX?�BHG(BKJ�IUG�NPF�#<Q�FLFANPTiomJPB7F?�Bro�B<Q(@�FdE<?AQ�G�NPE7B7Fty%I»��Nwy%IMJPB7FZ�(G(Tio>?1?�T�Q�F1JPB7F1#7T�B��%#<NPBro�?�FdTio�E<?�EHB7FA?ANwyVE7Fto�E<i>IM?AN�n9F|���1t���Q @���ô ìAB<Q_o�B+R��OYPS�#�1t���Q @��ô ]�NPB<Q����TPS���1t���Q õ�öw÷ ìB<Q_o�B ø �TPS�YB<?'�1t���Q õ�öw÷ ]�NPB<Q�� ø 6<PS�� �#o�G,_.B7FA?ANwyVB<@VJPBS?LIMQ��5G(Bm#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio ?�T�?LIMJdO�Q�Bm#7B7F$#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7F%C�B<Q(]^Bro�?VC�B<@�yVB<?A?A@�B���o�T�Q�Fn�IMNPFLTio�F\G,_`IW�bT�@�G¦Q_oºCbT�Nwo>?HFAQ(@eJ�IQy%IWo(N��<@�BDG(Tio�?Z�bG�IWo�FeQ_o[#43HQ(@KBro¥@�E<i�NwyVBkG(Ban�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?Z�,F�Tio�?

i^E<@�E7FSJPB7FqG�Nx.,E<@�Bro>?�FhI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B7FmO>Q(NKJPB¦#7Tio�F�?ANX?AQ�Bro>?Z�(íKT�Q�F%]^B<@A@�Tio�FmO�Q�BhJl_ Nwo�#7B<@A?ANX?AQ�G(BÝIMQ(?�T�Q(@mG(B7FC�B<@A?�B7F'o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO>Q�B7F\Broh?�B<@�yVB7FeG(BH@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EUG�IWo�FdQ_o�Bai^E7TiyVE<?A@ANPBU#43HQ(@d]�IWNwo�G�Q(NX@�BaQ_o�BaNwo�#7B<@A?ANX?AQ�G(BIMQ(?�T�Q(@WG(B%Jl_.B7FA?ANwy%IM?ANPTio5G�Q¤?LIMQ��¤G(B%#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio½?�T�?LIMJrO�Qs_ Q_o�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBqG(Tio_o�EqCbB<Q(?UCbB<@�yVB<?A?A@�B��í\T�Q�F�G(Tio_o�B<@�Tio�F�IMJPT�@�FZ��BroVG�NPFACbT�FLIWo>?�G(B7F�@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�F�G,_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio%G(B7F�#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFrI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B��^Q_oWNwo�?�B<@A]�IMJXJPBO>Q(N�Bro�#ZI�G�@�B<@LI$#7Ba?LIMQ���G(B�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio¥?�T�?LIMJl�

�+¡ è × ¤�« ê�|'ëd}ßì¦Ø � } �JÙ � { �ÛÚÝ� y ®c{ ~ {)®d�yê�|'ëe}D} ¤�¥ ¤ }SêÝÜZÞàß�ábâãZä

* o[G(E7FANXiVo�BWNP#<N�CYIM@HJPBD?�B<@�yVB�ý ó�6If ª��bBro�?A@�EWG�IWo�FHJl_ Q�F*IMi^B��YQ_o[JPT�?HG,_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FaG�IWo�FHJPBW#43HQ(@aG�Q@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z��/HIWo�FpQ_o�B\i^B7FA?ANPTio%CYIM@£ý ó�6If ª ø ��JPBe#43HQ(@1G�Q%@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@1B7FA?�n9@LI�#<?ANPTio_o�EHBro�´ ñ�ô î ø G,_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FI{�#oÝG(BU@�Bro�G�@�BkJ�IqG�NPFA?A@ANw�(Q(?ANPTioÝG(BWC(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7BW@LI�G�N�IMJPBkJ�IqC(JXQ�FKC(J�IM?�BWC�T�F�F�Nw�(JPB�� � o�BUn9T�NPFHBro[@�E<i�NwyVB$G(Bn9Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro�?Z��#7B7F1I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F1F�Tio�?r#LtYIM@Ai^E7F*î ô ý ó�6If ª[j3CYIM@r?ANPB<@�FrT�QqCYIM@rO�QYIM@A?1G�IWo�F�Q_o�²eÚ�����CYIM@B���Bry$C(JPB"o°��JPB<Q(@�CbT�FANX?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?rG�IWo�F�JPBc#43HQ(@r#�tYIWo(i^BdCbBro�G�IWo>?pJPB<Q(@�F�E�ìAT�Q(@�B<?�NXJPF�F�Tio�?�G(E<C(J�I�#7E7FrF�B<JPTioQ_o ïLð�ó�ô8õ î f ª ó�ò�ù î�ü�î ôY6 G(Tio_o�EUuk#�tYI�O�Q�Ban�T�NPFdO�Qs_ Q_o§ý ó�6If ª¦G(Ba#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBan9@LIMNPFdG(T�NX?'�<?A@�B�#LtYIM@Ai^E��

RsB�n�I�#<?�B<Q(@�G(B�n�T�@�yVB�F�Q(@;JPB�C(J�IWoW@LI�G�N�IMJ�G�Qk#43HQ(@%yVB7F�Q(@�B�Jl_.E7#ZIM@A?�Bro>?A@�BpJPB�C(NP#pG(B�C(Q(NPF�F*IWo�#7B�y%I»��Nwy%IMJ

ø ���

B<?\J�I$C(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7B�yVT1�^Bro_o�B��bR;IqFANwy$C(JXNx�Y#ZIM?ANPTioºnlIMNX?�B�NP#<N�G(B�@LIMNPF�Tio_o�B<@HBroº#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@LIWo>?HQ_ohë�Q��hC(J�IM?HFAQ(@JPBW#43HQ(@Vj�n�I�#<?�B<Q(@aG(BDn9T�@�yVBkE<i>IMJ�u ø oeF�Q(C(C�T�F�BkIMJPT�@�FaO�Q�B��YCbT�Q(@HQ_o�BDJPTio(i�Q�B<Q(@aG(Bk#r��#<JPB��(�(B���JPBD?LIMQ��G(Ba#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioºuk#LtYI�O>Q�BD#r��#<JPBaB7FA?cJPBqy �ryVBaC�T�Q(@d#LtYI�O>Q�BWI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B�G�Q¦#43HQ(@Z�� oh@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Ki^E<@�EWIZ]^B7#UQ_o o�Tiy��(@�B N

G(BU#r��#<JPB7FDj9Bro¦C(@LIM?ANPO�Q�BWG(B�Jl_.T�@�G�@�BWG(B����#6ST�Q¼Y^odG(Ery%IM@A@�B#LtYI�O>Q�Bh#r��#<JPB¦IZ]^B7# ø ý ó�6If ª G(B�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB¦n3@LIMNPF"� ø ý ó�6If ª�G,_`I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B7FmI4�>IWo>?SBro�G�Q(@�EhQ_o #r��#<JPBG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios� ø ý ó�6If ª½I1�>IWo>?$Bro�G�Q(@�EqG(B<Q��¤#r��#<JPB7FZ�X�X�X��ì�Q�F�O�Qs_`IMQÿý ó�6If ª½I1�>IWo>?k]�Q N − 1

#r��#<JPB7FZ� � J�I�#o[G�Qº#r��#<JPB���Tio[G(E7#LtYIM@Ai^BkJPB7FKI�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FHNX@A@LI�G�NPE7FHCbBro�G�IWo>?

N#r��#<JPB7FZ��R;BU?LIMQ��[G(BD#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioÝG(B

#LtYI�O>Q�BhI�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^BhIMQ(@LIÞIMJPT�@�F$E<?�E�IMQ(iVyVBro>?�E¥G(BqJ�I¥]�IMJPB<Q(@τc��JPBm?LIMQ��5G(Bm#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio�CYIM@V#r��#<JPB��

RsBU?LIMQ��hG(BU#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANPTio¼yVTX�^Broτm

FAQ(@e?�T�Q�F\JPB7F\I�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FHG�Q¥#43HQ(@HukJ�I��#oºG,_ Q_o¥#r��#<JPBUB7FA?HIMJPT�@�FFANwy$C(JPBryVBro�?��

τm =1

N

N∑

i=1

iτcj�Y�� ø o

* oºG(E7FANXiVo�B�CYIM@ τdJPBa?LIMQ��¦G(BD#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio �#oYIMJ�G(B�Jl_`I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B���#�_.B7F�?fwu»fgG�NX@�BWukJ�I%G(E7#�tYIM@Ai^BkG�Q

#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�� * o¦IVIMJPT�@�F��

τd = Nτc =2N

N + 1τm

j�Y��`�^o

� Nwo�FANl�YC�T�Q(@HB7FA?ANwyVB<@HJPBU?LIMQ��ºG(BD#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio[?�T�?LIMJ τdO�Qs_.Tio¥CbB<Q(?HIZ]^T�NX@aG�IWo�F\Q_o[#43HQ(@Z�bTio¥CbB<Q(?

CYI�F�FLB<@Z�(Broh#ZIMJP#<Q(J�I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B��(CYIM@dJ�IkG(E<?�B<@�y$NwoYIM?ANPTio[G(Bτm

T�QhG(Bτc�

R�IZ��i�Q(@�B Y�� ø NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BkJPBk#ZI�FaJXNwy$NX?�B$T,+N?�Bro�G�@LIMNX?a]^B<@�FaJl_ Nwo��#o(Nej3@�B7#LtYIM@Ai^BryVBro>?kBroÝ#7Tio>?ANwo>Q�o���Tio

i>IMiVo�B<@LIMNX?eIMJPT�@�F1Q_oqn�I�#<?�B<Q(@e�DFAQ(@1JPBK?LIMQ��SG(BH#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANPTio í #7B7#<N)os_.B7F�?Ä�(NPBro�Bro�?�Bro�G�QhCYI�Fr@�EZIMJXNPFA?�BaG�IWo�FQ_o�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@KO>Q(Nbn�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BUI7]^B7#UQ_o�o�Tiy��(@�Bq�#o(N;G(Ba#r��#<JPB7F"�

Ú�o½Nwy$CbT�FLIWo�?WQ_o�BSi^B7FA?ANPTio�u o�Tiy��(@�B�G(BN#r��#<JPB7F$G(Tio_o�E���Tio�Bro5G(E7G�Q(NX?$J�IhJPTio(i�Q�B<Q(@VG(Bm#r��#<JPB

τcCYIM@\Jl_ Nwo�?�B<@�yVE7G�N�IMNX@�B$G(BUJ�IVn9T�@�yDQ(JPBY��`��� � o�B�i^B7F�?ANPTioÞu��V#r��#<JPB7FKC�B<@�yVB<?aIMNwo�FAN�G,_`I7]^T�NX@aQ_oº?LIMQ��¥G(B#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio[u$J�IVG(E7#�tYIM@Ai^BWG,_ Q_ohnlI�#<?�B<Q(@ ø �OY$n9T�NPFeJPB�?LIMQ��hG(BU#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio¼yVT1�^Bros� * @Z�YTio o�BD#7Tio_oYI{zP?CYI�F ókï�ò*8�ñ�ò�8 �bJ�IhJPTio(i�Q�B<Q(@WG(BV#r��#<JPB%O�Qs_ Q_o¤#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB%Nwo_o�T"]�IWo�?kC�B<Q(?�CbB<@�yVB<?A?A@�B��yíKT�Q�F�NXJXJXQ�F�?A@�Tio�F

y%IMNwo�?�BroYIWo>?HG(B<Q��qnlI�Ü7Tio�FdG,_.B7FA?ANwyVB<@\JPB7Fc]�IMJPB<Q(@�FeG(B7FdG�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�Fτi�

å�ÑwÓ,ÑgÓ Ô��{�^ÕA�c�)�^Õ À;Ö�× Ø��V�,Ø�� × ¸ � À ��ÁrØ��{�^Õ À;Ö �����Z�A� ��Õ���Ø��A�g�^Õ À;Ö�× ¸¼�¹Pä(Ù À �gØ���Õ À;Ö �W� Ö �Á À �T¸

� o[#43HQ(@HBro¥n�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?UB7FA?auq?�T�Q(?+yVTiyVBro>?�#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�Bmj k Å�Æ á ø oeB<?KJ�I%]�IMJPB<Q(@ayVTX�^Bro_o�B$G(B7FnlI�#<?�B<Q(@�Fk∞

G(B7FcI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7FcF�Q(@p?�T�Q(?�BKJ�IDJPTio(i�Q�B<Q(@dG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTiohG(T�NX?c#7T�@A@�B7FAC�Tio�G�@�BauW#7B<?A?�BH#7Tio�G�N�f?ANPTios�qûrB<?A?�BrC(@�Bry$N��<@�BtyVE<?At�T�G(B1G,_.B7FA?ANwy%IM?ANPTioVG�Qk?LIMQ��kG(Bp#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioV?�T�?LIMJ(O>Qs_ Q_o$#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBcG(Tio_o�ECbB<Q(?HC�B<@�yVB<?A?A@�Bk@�B<CbT�F�BkIMJPT�@�FaFAQ(@HJ�IqF�NwyUQ(J�IM?ANPTio¤G,_ Q_o�B$E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioÝFLIWo�Fa�bT�@�B$F�T�JXQ_�(JPB��bÚ�oÝB�.,B<?Z��CbT�Q(@Q_o�BD#7Tio���i�Q(@LIM?ANPTio[#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBkG(Tio_o�E7B��YJ�IV]�IMJPB<Q(@HG�QhnlI�#<?�B<Q(@

k∞]�IV#Lt>Q(?�B<@HCbBro�G�IWo>?KJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios�

ø �V0

/10�2t])Y�� ø `{ yî 6 ó�öVhJõ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698�ñ�ôÞ6 ñ�6 ó�ð�õSe9ï î ô�õJõ�ö�ôLñ ü�ý ò î N õ î f,÷Tf,ð î ø î 5 î f76«ö#e d õqó�ô\ø£ð�ó�ïLò�ó^698«ú,ö îNî ø<6�e�ùqó�ðs¸�l d ��ñ�ö�®>= óf'ñ�ö�ò ý'î�î ô�ï;ñ�8PôY698Pðfð�e´øIò î ïLò î ø î ôY6 î ð�ó1¹.ñ�ôgf7698�ñ�ô 1

T

∫ T0 k∞ (t)dt d ø,ñ�896�ðºóXð�8 ü 896 îú,ö\ó�ôLõ N 6 î ôLõQ� î ò´ø*ð�: 8Pô1j{ô�8 d ú,ö�8{ø î ò�ó�896�f î ðPð î õ;: ö�ô�ò î f ª ó�ò�ù î�ü�î ôY6 î ô f'ñoôY698fôEö(=

G�Q$nlIMNX?�G(BcJl_`I�#7#<Q_yUQ(J�IM?ANPTiomG(B7F�C(@�T�G�Q(NX?�F�G(Bt�YF�FANPTioVB<?�G(BdJ�IH#7Tio�F�Tiyy%IM?ANPTioqG(B7F�NPFLT�?�T�C�B7Fö�YFLFANXJPB7FZ�oíKT�Q�Fn�IMNPFLTio�FeIMJPT�@�FdJPB7Fct<��CbT�?At#�7F�B7FdF�Q(NX]�IWo�?�B7F��

•R;I�JPTio(i�Q�B<Q(@hG�Qè#r��#<JPB5j9B<?�G(Tio�#[JPBº?LIMQ��£G(B[#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioÍCYIM@�#r��#<JPB"oqB7FA?�BroêC(@ANwo�#<NXCbB¥?�B<JXJPBO�Q�B���Bro�IW��F�Bro�#7BSG(BQ�bT�@�BSF�T�JXQ_�(JPBqB<?$u�J�I��#o5G�Q½#r��#<JPB��;JPBq#43HQ(@Vu�Jl_.E7O�Q(NXJXNw�(@�B[j9Bro½@�E<i�NwyVBmG(Bn�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?*odC�T�FLF�7G(BHJ�Ik@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E�FAQ��%FLIWo�?�BaC�T�Q(@��<?A@�B1ì�Q�F�?�BK#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�BUukJ�IkG(E7#LtYIM@Ai^B��

• * ohFAQ(C(CbT�F�BaO�Q�BaJ�IW@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E�G(E7#<@�TWzP?eJXNwo�EZIMNX@�BryVBro�?KI7]^B7#UJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTio¥G�Q¦#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��Û T�Q�F�#7B7F�t<��CbT�?At#�7F�B7F�J�u��MJPT�@�F�G,_ Q_o�BcFANwyUQ(J�IM?ANPTioqG,_ Q_o�BcE<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioVFLIWo�Fö��T�@�B��MJ�I\]�IMJPB<Q(@�O>Q�BrC(@�E7F�Bro�?�B

JPB$nlI�#<?�B<Q(@k∞

umJ�I��#o½G�Q¤#r��#<JPB(N + 1)/2

#7T�@A@�B7FACbTio�G¤u�J�I�]�IMJPB<Q(@�yVT1�^Bro_o�BSO>Qs_`ImJPB$n�I�#<?�B<Q(@k∞G�IWo�FmQ_o�B¦i^B7F�?ANPTioèu

N#r��#<JPB7FZ�pR�_.B7FA?ANwy%IM?ANPTioÍG(B

τmB7FA?mIMJPT�@�FSNPG(Bro�?ANx�YE7BÝu¤J�I�G�IM?�BÞuÝJ�I�O�Q�B<JXJPB[Tio

#7Tio�FA?LIM?�BWJl_.E<C(Q(NPF�BryVBro>?DG(BUJ�I%@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��yûrB<?A?�BkFANX?AQYIM?ANPTioÞ#7T�@A@�B7FACbTio�G,�bBroº#ZIMJP#<Q(J�I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B��sIMQ[#ZI�FT,+�JPB\n�I�#<?�B<Q(@dG(BayUQ(JX?ANXC(JXNP#ZIM?ANPTio

k∞G(B<]�NPBro>?cNwo�n�E<@ANPB<Q(@eu

1 + P�

PE<?LIWo�?dJPB7FrC�B<@A?�B7Fto�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B7FeBro

?�B<@�yVB7F\G(B�@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E���F�Q(C(C�T�F�E7B7F\#7Tio_o>Q�B7FZ��R;I9��i�Q(@�B�Y��`�$NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BU#7B<?A?�B|yVE<?At�T�G(B�CbT�Q(@cQ_o�B�i^B7F�?ANPTio¥uN = 3

#r��#<JPB7FZ�íKT�Q�FKIZ]^Tio�FHG(Tio�#���G�IWo�FKQ_o¦C(@�Bry$NPB<@H?�Bry$C�FZ��CbT�Q(@\#�tYI�O�Q�BW?A��C�BDG(BUC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y B<?\?�Bro�B<Q(@�FK#7Tio�F�N�f

G(E<@�E7B7F1G(B\#7B<JXQ(N�fg#<Nl��#ZIMJP#<Q(JPEeJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio�FLIWo�F��bT�@�B���î ô ü ñZõ î ó]ø�ø î�ü�ý ð�óZù îaG�QS#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBH¼ *1¾ �1t���Qø � ø

/1032Ä]�Y��`�q`L ñ�ò´ø¥õ�: ö�ô î ù î ø�698�ñ�ô¥¸ lZf,÷Tf,ð î ø d ð î 6 ó�öihCõ î f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698«ñoô ü ñ�÷ î ô�ï î ö�6 3 6«ò îXî ø�698 ü e d f'ñ�ôvôLó�8�ø�Ðø.ó�ôY6 P d ðºñoò�ø.ú,ö î ð�ó� ó�ð î ö�ò ü ñ�÷ î ôvô î õ î ø+� ó�ð î ö4ò´ø�õ î k∞õ î ø*ó]ø�ø î�ü�ý ðºóþù î ø î ô�jAô?õ î f,÷Tf,ð îXî ø<6�e�ùqó�ð î ¸

1 + P =

uHQ_o�BeC(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7B'yVT1�^Bro_o�BKCYIM@pI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B\G(B ø ���`��¼�� 6 ª;î ò ü 8�ú,ö î ø � �>R�I+��i�Q(@�B�Y��O��NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�BdJ�IU#�t�Q(?�BG�Q¦n�I�#<?�B<Q(@

k∞CbT�Q(@HO>Q�B<JPO�Q�B7Fe#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7Fa¼ *c¾ �1t���Q[B<?'o�T�Q�FHG(Tio_o�B�Q_oºC(@�Bry$NPB<@HIMCbB<@�Ü<Q¥G(BDJ�IC(@�Ti�(JPEry%IM?ANPO�Q�B��

* o�]^E<@ANx�YBaF�Q(@d#7B<?A?�Ba��i�Q(@�BaO>Q�BHJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¥IZ]^B7#aJPBH?�Bry$C�FdG�QmnlI�#<?�B<Q(@ k∞B7FA?:�(NPBro�JXNwo�EZIMNX@�BaCbT�Q(@

JPB7F�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7F��1t���Qs� * oV#7Tio�F�?LIM?�BcE<i>IMJPBryVBro>?�O�Q�BrJ�IKC�Bro�?�BcG(Br#7B<?A?�BcE<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioqFZ_`I�G(T�Q�#<NX?�u�yVB7FAQ(@�BO�Qs_.TiomIMQ(iVyVBro�?�BHJ�ID?�Bro�B<Q(@1BromC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh�EûrB7#<NbB7FA?cGz¤mIMQ�G�Q(@�#<NPF�FLBryVBro>?dG�QmFAC�B7#<?A@�BKO�Q(N�@�Bro�GqJPB7Fc�UæyVT�Nwo�F$IW��F�T�@��YIWo�?�F$B<?U@�E7G�Q(NX?$G(BQy �ryVBSJPB7FW#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B7FkCYIM@LI�FANX?�B7FkG�IWo�FWJPB7FDFA?A@AQ�#<?AQ(@�B7F"��Ú�o½T�Q(?A@�B���Q_o�BC(JXQ�FHi�@LIWo�G(B$?�Bro�B<Q(@DBroÞC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh��o�T�?LIWyyVBro>?WBro �>�� ��Q��,#<@�E7BVG�Q �>NM ��Q �YF�FANXJPB í #7B7#<N�#7Tio�?A@ANw�(Q�BquI�G(T�Q�#<NX@dJ�Ik#Lt>Q(?�BDG�Q�n�I�#<?�B<Q(@

k∞�

ûrB7#<N�F�T�Q(J��<]^BUIMJPT�@�FdJ�IWC(@�Ti�(JPEry%IM?ANPO�Q�BWFAQ(NX]�IWo�?�B �(Q_o�BaNwo�#7B<@A?ANX?AQ�G(BDG(Tio_o�E7BUFAQ(@cJ�I$]�IMJPB<Q(@eG(BP��JPB7F

CbB<@A?�B7FHBroº?�B<@�yVB7FaG(BD@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�EVu%#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�B<@Z�sIMQ(@LISG(B7FHNwo�#<NPG(Bro�#7B7F+�bBZIMQ�#7T�Q(CÞC(JXQ�FKNwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�B7F�FAQ(@Jl_ Nwo�#7B<@A?ANX?AQ�G(BeC(@�TMìB<?A?�E7B���CYIM@p#7B<?A?�B:yVE<?At�T�G(B��>FAQ(@�JPBc?LIMQ��$G(Bd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioZyVT1�^Bro

τmG,_ Q_o%#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB

G(Tio�?dJ�IWC�Bro�?�B∂k∞ /∂t

B7FA?cC(JXQ�FeG(T�Q�#7B��

MI×CÈ�ò4Ó{ÕSáCò1Ó{Õka�Ê=Ó{Ò õbçÀè �À� ï�éëê�ìWà�í�î Âvï ¾Wà�ð�ÅVÐ�ÓXÑ%ÓWÉa×�h�Ó{Ñ õ flñ è ÊÌË�Ë�ÈNÆÄÏWÔâÊ=ç�ÈCËCÙø ���

ûrB7#<N�B7F�?�NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�E%#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro�?kuhJ�I���i�Q(@�BZY��O�hT,+¤Q_o�B$]�IM@AN�IM?ANPTio�G(B%J�Im]�IMJPB<Q(@WG(BV�ÉG(B%�V0V0V0�Cb#ryn�IMQ�FLF�Ba#7Tiy$C(JPE<?�BryVBro>?KJl_`IMC(C(@�E7#<N�IM?ANPTioºG(B

τmFAQ(@cJl_.B��(Bry$C(JPB�G�Q¦#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��1t���Q�õ�öw÷�u ø 6<PS�

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Temps (années e.p.p)

0,95

1

1,05

1,1

1,15

1,2K

inf

(Ass

em

bla

ge

)

ThPu(UOX jeune) 8.5 %

ThPu(MOX jeune) 12 %

ThPu(MOX vieux) 14%

1+P = ?

/10�2t]�Y��O�Q` 6Ä�]ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô¨õ�ök¹.óTf76 î ö�ò k∞ï;ñ�ö�ò�õ�8ì� î ò�ø î ø f'ñ�ô1jNùoö4ò�ó�698�ñ�ô\øQf'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ø ©;ª�« ö�ø,óoô\ø�ó - ñ�ö�6

õ î�ý ñ�ò î õqó�ôvø¥ð î£ü ñþõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò7=

ûrBW@LIMNPF�Tio_o�BryVBro�?Z��IMC(C(JXNPO�Q�E%IMQÞ#ZIMJP#<Q(JpI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B$?A@�T�Q(]^B$G(Tio�#$#7B<C�Bro�G�IWo�?UF�B7FHJXNwy$NX?�B7F�G_�7F�JPT�@�FO>Q�BkJl_.TioÝFLB<@LI�IWyVBro�EVum#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�B<@�Q_oÝ#43HQ(@|y$N���?�B�1t���Qg� �+*c¾ G(Tio>?�JPB ïLð�ó�ô0õ î f ª ó�ò�ù î�ü�î ôY6 CbB<Q(?�<?A@�BW?A@�7F\]�IM@ANPEWB<?H#7Tio�?�Bro(NX@aG�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�FH?A��C�B7FHB<?KC(@�T�C�T�@A?ANPTio�FaG(Bk#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB��%8 &)( T�Q��1t���Qs�b#7BDO�Q(NNwo�G�Q(NX@LISQ_o�BUC(JXQ�FKi�@LIWo�G(BWNwo�#7B<@A?ANX?AQ�G(BVIMQ¼o(NX]^BZIMQ[G(BDJ�I%]�IMJPB<Q(@Ki�JPTi�YIMJPBkG(B

Pu%#7Tio�F�NPG_�<@�B<@Z�,RsBD#ZIMJP#<Q(J

I�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^Bqo�BaCbB<@�yVB<?cCYI�FeG(BH@�E<CbTio�G�@�B�B<?dJPBa#ZIMJP#<Q(J;G�Q¥#43HQ(@eBro>?ANPB<@KG(T�NX?°�<?A@�B�B�.bB7#<?AQ�E��

å�ÑgÓ,Ñ3â Ô�{�^ÕA�c�)�^Õ À;Öè× Ø �V�,Ø�� × ¸ � À ��ÁpØ��X�^Õ À;Ö ���)�¼�I� ��ÕA� Ø��I�)�^Õ À�ÖÍ× ¹�Ø Ö ¸½ä(Ù À �wØ��^Õ À�Ö ��>ä#�v�~��ÕlÙ�Õ���ä � À;Ö �X�V� Ö �V¸

íKT�Q�FUI7]^Tio�FDG(E<]^B<JPT�C(C�E%G�IWo�F�JPB$#7T�G(B�p�8�svu Q_o�B�yVE<?At�T�G(B%O�Q(N�C�B<@�yVB<?DG,_.B�.bB7#<?AQ�B<@�Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioG,_ Q_oVF���FA?�ryVBpBroki>IM@�G�IWo�?�J�Ie]�IMJPB<Q(@�G�QWn�I�#<?�B<Q(@�G(BÄyUQ(JX?ANXC(JXNP#ZIM?ANPTio%G�Q$F���FA?�ryVB1#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?�BcB<?�E<i>IMJPB��^IMQ��ë�Q�#<?AQYIM?ANPTio�FDF�?LIM?ANPFA?ANPO>Q�B7FHC(@�7F"�;uqQ_o�B$]�IMJPB<Q(@�G(Tio_o�E7B���ûrB$#7Tio>?A@���JPB%G(BkJ�IS@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E$CYI�F�FLBkIMJPT�@�F�CYIM@Jl_`I»ì�Q�F�?�BryVBro>?�G(BDJ�I%#7Tio�#7Bro�?A@LIM?ANPTio¤G(B��bT�@�BWF�T�JXQ_�(JPB

Cbu%#LtYI�O>Q�BWCYI�FHG,_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTios�,R;IQyVE<?At�T�G(T�JPT�i�NPB

Nwy$C(JPEryVBro>?�E7BSI%E<?�EkG(E7#<@ANX?�BVIMQ[#�tYIMC(NX?A@�B%���WûrB<?A?�B9yVE<?At�T�G(BkB7FA?HCYIM@A?ANP#<Q(JXN��<@�BryVBro�?DI�G�IMC(?�E7BVIMQÞ#ZIMJP#<Q(J#43HQ(@$T,+�IMQ�#<Q_o�B�IWy��(NXi�Q(NX?�E�B7FA?DNwo�?A@�T�G�Q(NX?�B�F�Q(@DJ�I¥]�IMJPB<Q(@WG�Q½nlI�#<?�B<Q(@

k Å�Æ �;NXJ1G(T�NX?k]�IMJPT�NX@ ø �ö/aIWo�FJl_`IW��F�Bro�#7B�G,_ Q_o�#ZIMJP#<Q(Jc#43HQ(@Z�öo�T�Q�FkJl_`I7]^Tio�F%IMC(C(JXNPO�Q�E7B�IMQ�#ZIMJP#<Q(JeI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B í B<JXJPB�o�T�Q�FkCbB<@�yVB<?VG(B

ø �V�

FA?LIW�(NXJXNPFLB<@�JPB1nlI�#<?�B<Q(@k∞

u�F*IH]�IMJPB<Q(@pNwo(NX?AN�IMJPB\B<?pG(Bd@�B<C(@�T�G�Q(NX@�BKIMNwo�FAN�JPB7F�#7Tio�G�NX?ANPTio�F1O�Qs_ Q_oSI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^Bü ñ�÷ î ô ]^B<@A@LIMNX?Z��CYIM@eB��(Bry$C(JPB��YIMQh#7Bro>?A@�BDG�Q¦#43HQ(@eG�Q�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z�/aIWo�F�o�T�?A@�ByVT�G_�<JPBqFLIWo�F�CbT�NPF�Tio�F�#7Tio�FLTiyy%IW�(JPB7FZ�;JPB ��T�@�BVFLT�JXQ_�(JPBV@�B<C(@�E7F�Bro�?�BVJ�Im@�E7F�B<@A]^B%?�T�?LIMJPB

G,_`IWo�?ANX@�EZI�#<?ANX]�NX?�E��cR�_`I»ìQ�FA?�BryVBro�?hG(BCbo�T�Q�FqCbB<@�yVB<?�IMNwo�FANKG(BºFANwyDQ(JPB<@SQ_o�BºE<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio�uÞC(Q(NPFLFLIWo�#7B

#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?�BeB<?puk∞

#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?Z�>R�_`I»ìAT�Q(?pG(Bt�bT�@�BdG�IWo�F�JPB°yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@rG�Q(@�#<NX?�JPBdFACbB7#<?A@�B��^Ú�o%F�NwyUQ(J�IWo>?rJ�IG�NPFACYIM@ANX?ANPTiomC(@�T�i�@�B7F�F�NX]^BKG�Q��bT�@�B\FLT�JXQ_�(JPBKG�IWo�FrJl_.BZIMQ�G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�(TioSC(@�Bro�G�y$NPB<Q��SBro�#7Tiy$C(?�BKJPB7FyVT�G�Nx�Y#ZIM?ANPTio�FeG�QhFACbB7#<?A@�B+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BaC�Bro�G�IWo�?eJl_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTioºB<?cJl_ Nwy$CYI�#<?eO>Q�Ba#7B7#<N;IkF�Q(@cJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioG(B7FcNwo�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B7FZ�

R�Iq��i�Q(@�BqY�� 6$NXJXJXQ�F�?A@�B\Jl_.B�.,B<?dG(BKJl_`I»ì�Q�F�?�BryVBro>?eG(BCb

FAQ(@1Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¦G�QSn�I�#<?�B<Q(@k∞

G�Q�F���FA?�ryVB��B<JXJPBm@�B<C(@�E7F�Bro�?�B¦#7BSnlI�#<?�B<Q(@VB<?VJ�IºC(@�T�CbT�@A?ANPTio

Cb(t)/Cb(0)u[#LtYI�O>Q�Bh#ZIMJP#<Q(Jqp�ò®ó�±�� * o�C�B<Q(?%IMJPT�@�FB7FA?ANwyVB<@

τmBroSJl_ NPG(Bro�?ANx��IWo>?auWJ�IkG�IM?�BaT,+�JPB+��T�@�BaIkE<?�Ea#7Tio�F�TiyyVEUBro>?AN��<@�BryVBro>?Z����IM@\#7B<?A?�Ba]^T�NPB+o�T�Q�F

]^E<@ANx�YTio�F�O�Q�B�J�I'yVE<?At�T�G(B1C(@�E7#7E7G(Bro>?�BcG,_.B<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioVFLIWo�F^�bT�@�BpB7FA?�#7Tio�FANPF�?LIWo>?�BcI7]^B7#c#7B<JXJPB�fg#<Nl��O�Q(N�CbB<@�yVB<?B�.,B7#<?ANX]^BryVBro>?$G(B y%IMNwo�?�Bro(NX@kQ_o�BV]�IMJPB<Q(@DG(B

k∞#7Tio�F�?LIWo>?�B¼�;Tio�#7Tio�F�?LIM?�BqO�Q�BVJ�I¦#7T�Q(@���BqFLIWo�F��bT�@�B

@�B7#7T�Q(CbB�#7B<JXJPBUT,+¦JPBq�bT�@�B�B7FA?\I»ìQ�FA?�EaJPT�@�F�O�Q�BaJPB|�bT�@�BUIkC(@LIM?ANPO�Q�BryVBro>?aG�NPFACYIM@AQs�UûrB7#<Ns@�B<]�NPBro>?Z�YG�IWo�F\J�IyVE<?At�T�G(BaC(@�E7#7E7G(Bro>?�B��bukC(@�Bro�G�@�BD#7TiyyVB�]�IMJPB<Q(@dC�T�Q(@

PJ�Ik]�IMJPB<Q(@Dj

k∞f ø odI7]^B7#UC�T�Q(@

k∞J�Ik]�IMJPB<Q(@

Nwo(NX?AN�IMJPB�#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7BDI7]^B7#q�bT�@�B��EûrB<?A?�B�#7Tiy$CYIM@LIMNPF�TioºG(B7FdG(B<Q���yVE<?At�T�G(B7F\B7FA?cNXJXJXQ�FA?A@�E7BUuWJ�I���i�Q(@�B�Y��OY��Ú�o¥C(@LIM?ANPO�Q�B$Tio¥J�IMNPFLF�BUQ_o�B9y%IM@Ai^BkG(B9��T�@�BWF�T�JXQ_�(JPBWJPT�@�FHG(BWJl_`IM@A@�<?HG�Qº@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z�,Tio[F�Bq�(�(B$IMJPT�@�F

#7TiyyVBUtS��C�T�?At#�7F�BWG(B�?A@LIZ]�IMNXJ�O�Q�Bτm�YJPB�?LIMQ��¦G(BU#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio¼yVT1�^Bro�j9FLIWo�F\#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�B<@\Q_o�BUi^B7FA?ANPTio

CYIM@�n9@LI�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?pG�QV#43HQ(@*o�G(B7F�I�FLF�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F�Bro��#o$G(Bc#r��#<JPB1B7FA?�IMJPT�@�F�E<i>IMJYIMQk?LIMQ��kG(B1#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANPTioT,+�Jl_.Tio¦#7Tio�F�?LIM?�BaJ�IkG�NPFACYIM@ANX?ANPTio¥G(B��V0TP�G�Q���T�@�B��

ô õNö�õw÷®õtö °?]tQ1]£@�>WIBAJ>�V>@±@�>§Q|x&@�øZF AR>�M¢TRT(KN]N^\CJx&>!M7CgVM7KNV&CRKùM¢I�I�>WQYD(KNM¢©H>

íKT�Q�FDIZ]^Tio�F9y%IMNwo>?�Bro>Qk∞

#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?ku¦FLI�]�IMJPB<Q(@UNwo(NX?AN�IMJPBS#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7BmG�IWo�FUJPBQyVT�G_�<JPBmI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^BJPT�@�F�O�Q�BaJPB|�bT�@�B�BroºO>QYIWo�?ANX?�E7F

Cb0

j9#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7BDC(@�E7#7E7G(BryyVBro>?*o\B7FA?dC(@�E7F�Bro�?Z��ûrB7#<N-o�T�Q�F\IWy �ro�BDu%#7Tio�FAN�fG_�<@�B<@VG(B7Fk]�IMJPB<Q(@�FVG(B

k∞O�Q(NdG(E<C�Bro�G(Bro�?%G�Q�?A��CbBSB<?VG(BmJ�Iº?�Bro�B<Q(@VG�Q�#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB¦IZ]^B7#hBro�C(JXQ�F

Q_o�Bº?�Bro�B<Q(@hBro �bT�@�BºO�Q(NaB7FA?�G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?�BÞCbT�Q(@m#LtYI�O>Q�B¤#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��°/aIWo�FmJPB[#ZI�F�G�QÍ#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANw�(JPB�1t���Q @���ô -Zî ö�ô î$uZR��OYTPS�YJ�I%]�IMJPB<Q(@KNwo(NX?AN�IMJPBkG(B k∞

IZ]^B7#DJPB���T�@�BWB7FA?HG,_.Bro>]�NX@�Tio ø �O0 ø R��g/aIWo�F\JPBD#ZI�FHG�Q�1t���Q õ�ög÷ �Z8 î öVh u ø 6<PS� k∞ ]�IMQ(?dBro>]�NX@�Tio ø �O0V0^���

íKT�FeB�.,T�@A?�FHG(BUG(E<]^B<JPT�C(CbBryVBro>?�G�Q yVT�G_�<JPBW#43HQ(@�yDQ(JX?AN�fwI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B�os_.Tio>?HCYI�F\E<?�EU@�E7#7Tiy$C�Bro�FLE7FZ�íKT�Q�FVI7]^Tio�FyVT�G(E<JXNPF�ESQ_o�#43HQ(@ ²eÚ�� u¥C(JXQ�FANPB<Q(@�F¶ZTio�B7FVG,_`I�F�FLBry��(J�IMi^B7Fy%IMNPF$J�I[#7Tiy$C(JPB���NX?�E�G(BmJ�Ii^B7FA?ANPTioºG(B�J�IQy$NXi�@LIM?ANPTioºG(B7FHI�F�F�Bry��(J�IMi^B7F$j9Bro

rB<?HBro

zoeIVF�T�Q(JPB<]^EDC(JXQ�FANPB<Q(@�FHTi��FA?LI�#<JPB7FKO>Q(N-o�BUF�Tio�?

CYI�F�Bro�#7T�@�Br@�E7F�T�JXQ�FZ��íKT�?LIWyyVBro>?Z��J�I\G�Nx.bE<@�Bro�?AN�IM?ANPTio%BrokC(JXQ�FANPB<Q(@�F�?A@LIWo�#�t�B7F�]^B<@A?ANP#ZIMJPB7F�G�Q9yVT�G_�<JPB1#43HQ(@G(E<CYI�F�FLBHJPB7Fd#7Tio>?A@LIMNwo�?�B7FKBro�?�Bry$C�F\G(B�#ZIMJP#<Q(J;B<?°yVEryVT�NX@�BUO>Q�BaJPBaF��FA?�ryVBaG(BU#ZIMJP#<Q(JsCYIM@LIMJXJPE<JXNPF�EUO�Qs_.TioQ(?ANXJXNPF�BHNwy$CbT�F�B��

íKT�Q�FdI7]^Tio�Fdn�IMNX?cJPBH#Lt�T�N���G(BHC(@�T�CbT�F�B<@cQ_o�BaC(@�Bry$N��<@�BDIMC(C(JXNP#ZIM?ANPTio¦G(B7Fc@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�FdG�Qh#ZIMJP#<Q(J�I�F�F�Brykfø �W6

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2 KinfCb/Cb0

Evolution ThPu Pu UOX jeune 8.5% Pu

Ç�ÊrÍvÿXÙ ñ�� ô#Ó @��ô,� ÈCÓ{ÉWÈ0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Temps (année e.p.p)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2 KinfCb(t)/Cb(0)

Evolution ThPu Pu UOX vieux 9% Pu

ÇwÏVÍ®úXÙ ��� ô#Ó @��ô a1ÕOÈCÓ{ê

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2 KinfCb(t)/Cb(0)

Evolution ThPu Pu UOX jeune % Pu

Çw×�Í f ç � ô#Ó õ�ög÷ � ÈNÓWÉWÈ0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Temps (années e.p.p)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2 KinfCb(t)/Cb(0)

Evolution ThPu Pu MOX vieux 14% Pu

Ç�ÎiÍ f�û±� ô�Ó õ�öw÷ aXÕOÈCÓXê/10�2t]#Y�� 6�`ºü ó�8PôY698 î ô�õ�öa¹.óTf76 î ö�ò k∞

¸kø,ó � ó�ð î ö4òa8Pô�89698«óoð î ï\ó�ò*ó - ö�ø<6 î�ü�î ôY6Aõ î ðºóZf'ñ�ôgf î ôY6«ò�ó�698«ñoô Cbõ î

ý ñ�ò î ø,ñoð ö ý ð î ï\ñ�ö4ò�ú,ö\ó�6«ò îkî h î�ü ïLð î øXõ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î�©;ª�« ö�=

�(J�IMi^B��g;wJsB7FA?°o�EZIWo_yVT�Nwo�FHE<]�NPG(Bro>?KO>Q�BaJ�IVC�B<@A?ANwo�Bro�#7BDG(BaJ�IyVE<?At�T�G(BU¼ºTio>?�B�û1IM@AJPT%B<?eG(B7FeC(@�T�#7E7G�Q(@�B7Fy$NPF�B7FaBroÞC(J�I�#7B$B<?H?�B7FA?�E7B7FaG�IWo�F�#7BW?A@LI7]�IMNXJ�G(Bk?At#�7F�BW?A@�T�Q(]^B<@�Tio>?U?�T�Q(?aJPB<Q(@�F�Bro�FHJPT�@�FaG�QÞ#ZIMJP#<Q(J�#43HQ(@Bro>?ANPB<@Z�

ô®õtöHõw÷ õv÷ ý X`@�xWG�þ&@BAJ>YKNM|Q|x@�øJF AR>

•Û NwyDQ(JPB<@�Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTiokG�Q$#43HQ(@�ìQ�F�O>Qs_`IMQW?LIMQ��DG(B1#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANPTio$?�T�?LIMJ�Brok@�B<C(@�T�G�Q(NPFLIWo>?�JPB�y%IMNwo>?ANPBroG�Q�nlI�#<?�B<Q(@

k Å�Æ u ø ��FLIWo�FdIWy��(NXi�Q(NX?�EDF�Q(@cJPB7F1n3Q(NX?�B7F"�•��@�Bro�G�@�BUBro¦#7Tiy$C(?�BaJl_ Nwy$CYI�#<?\G(B�J�IkG�NPFACYIM@ANX?ANPTio¥G�Q��bT�@�B�FAQ(@cJPB7FcNwo�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B7FK]�N�IWJPB7F:yVT�G�Nx�Y#ZI»f?ANPTio�F\G�QhFAC�B7#<?A@�B��

ø �VY

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2Kinf (Cb=0)

Cb/Cb0 (Cb0 = 6100 ppm)

1.03

/1032Ä]-Y��OYQ`£4 ñ ü ï;ó�ò�ó�8fø,ñ�ô�õ î ø�õ î öih f,ò�836g¨,ò î øCõ�: î ø<698 ü ó�698�ñ�ô0õ�öÝ6 ó�öVh�õ î f'ñ ü©ý ö�ø<698«ñ�ô ü ñ�÷ î ô§ø î ð�ñ�ô¨ð î øõ î öih ü e<6 ª ñþõ î ø�õSef,ò*896 î økï�ò�e�f î õ î�ü�ü�î ôY6g=�m*° « óoò�ðA: e�� ñoð ö�698«ñoô õ�ö k∞

ø,óoô\ø ý ñ�ò î d ð�ñ�ò´ø,ú,ö î ð�ó f�ñ�ö4ò ý'îk∞ (t) d ð�8Pô)e�ó�8fò î d ò î f'ñ�öþï î ðºó � ó�ð î ö�ò�m�Î « d ø´öþïqï;ñ]ø1e î f'ñ�ôvôEö î =b�7° « ó�ò�ehïLö�8fø î,ü©î ôY6°õoö ý ñ�ò î ð�ñ�ò�ø.ú,ö�: ñ�ôô î ï î ö�6IïLð ö�ø ü ó�8PôY6 î ô�8PòJð�ó2� óoð î ö�ò�õoö k∞

f'ñ�ô\ø<6 ó�ôY6 î}î 6e�ùqó�ð î ¸�ø,ó � ó�ð î ö�ò¦8Pô�89698«ó�ð î d ï;ñoö4ò�ð�óqú,ö î ðPð îñ�ô#ó k �wÿ ¬�fLÏtö4òw° � m>= 6tô�f'ó�ðwf,ö�ð¥ó]ø´ø î�ü�ý ð�óZù î d k∞î ø<6�f î ï î ôLõ�ó�ôY6Xø,ñoö�ø î ø�698 ü e�ï�ö�8fø,ú,ö�: ñ�ô î ø�6�õqó�ôvø

ð�: 8 ü ï;ñ]ø´ø*8 ý 8fð�896Aekõ î õSe<6 î ò ü 8fô î òkðºó f'ñ�ôY6«ò�8 ý ö�698�ñ�ô�õ î økô î ö�6«ò�ñoô\ø�ú,ö�8�ò î �Z8 î ôvô î ôY6 ü ñZõ<e�ò�e�ø©õ î ð�: î h�6Ae�ò�8 î ö�òõ î ð�ó ´ ñ�ô î f�Ïtö�ò7= Nî ø�õ î öVh ü e<6 ª ñZõ î ø£ø,ñ�ô�6�f'ñ ü ï;ó^698 ý ð î ø£ø�8Añ�ôº8«õ î ôY698 j î k∞

¬"ó]ø�ø î�ü�ý ðºóþù î °q¸�m�Î « =

å�ÑwÓ,Ñ�Ò � ÕA�I� Ö � × ¸��c�g�^ÕA$#�T¸ �c�I� × ä������)�S"�¸* o%C�B<Q(?�?�T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPF�Bro�#ZI�G�@�B<@pJPB7F��(NXJ�IWo�FpG(BcC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioSG(B:y%IM?AN��<@�BdCYIM@pG(B<Q��k]�IMJPB<Q(@�F�B���?A@�ryVB7F�O�Q(N#7T�@A@�B7FACbTio�G�@LIMNPBro>?dIMJPT�@�FcuDG(B7Fp#ZI�FpC�B7FLFANwy$NPFA?�B7FrB<?rT�C(?ANwy$NPFA?�B7F1G(B\Jl_.B7FA?ANwy%IM?ANPTio�G�Qq?LIMQ��%G(BK#7Tiy��(Q�F�?ANPTio

?�T�?LIMJl��R;B7Fc?LIW�(JPBZIMQ�� Y�� ø B<?'Y��`�$G(Tio_o�Bro>?K#7B7Fc]�IMJPB<Q(@�FdCbT�Q(@cJPB7Fd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB7FK#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�E7FZ�

å�ÑwÓ,Ñ�� ¿ � À�× Ø��~�^Õ À;ÖÉ× ¹�������R�IÞC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTio£G,_ ����� C(@�TW��?�B<@LI�G,_ Q_o ë�Q���o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B¼yVT1�^Bro£C(JXQ�FqE<JPB<]^E��pO>Q(N�y%I»��Nwy$NPF�B¦JPB7F

#ZIMC(?AQ(@�B7FkFAQ(@WJPB ��I �1t���IMNwo�FAN1O>Q�BSG(BS#7T�Q(@A?�FW#r��#<JPB7FkG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTio�C�T�Q(@9y$Nwo(Nwy$NPF�B<@Z��Bro5E7#7T�Q(@A?LIWo>?$JPBF�E�ìAT�Q(@cBro�#43HQ(@dG�Qh#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB��(J�IkG�NPF�CYIM@ANX?ANPTiohG(BHJl_ ������ CYIM@d#ZIMC(?AQ(@�Ba@LI�G�N�IM?ANX]^BaB<?t�YF�F�NPTios� * o�CbB<Q(?#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�B<@rO>Q�BeJ�Ia?�T�?LIMJXNX?�EKG(BcJl_ Nwo>]^Bro�?LIMNX@�BaG(B ���� ��IÝC(@�E7FLBro>?1G�IWo�F�JPBd#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBHBro �#oSG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTioG(E7#<@�TWzP?D]^B<@�FUJl_ ���� � CbBro�G�IWo>?kJ�I�CbE<@ANPT�G(B%G(BV@�B�n9@�T�NPG�NPF�F�BryVBro�?WG�Q½#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���O�Q(NpB7FA?DFAQ(C�E<@ANPB<Q(@�Bmu

ø �VU

����C�BUG(Ba��Q ��Q @��ô ìB<Q_o�B ��Q @���ô ]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ���xG ÁA@�~H�� p @�H � ?�����ô�G H� n*olp @ � 2 Ä �VP R��OYTP ø 0TP RTP �TP ø 0TPCb0 ¿ � � ?��� � ����� Äz� ÀÀ z� 6>�V0V0 U ø 0V0 �iYV0V0 6S�VYV0 Y ø 0V0 Y^�i0V0

n � @�ôvH�SB��� ��C@���xG ��? τm Cb = Cb0/10 � ���� à �Å� �V0V0V0V0 6>�V0V0V0 YW6S0V0V0WÆ �VYV0V0V0 6S�VYV0V0 Y ø 0V0V0WÆ

n � @�ôvH�SB��� ��C@���xG ��?bÊ? � D ¿ � Bv��BìD ��� Ä τd = 1.5 × τm � ���� à �Å� 6SYV0V0V0 UV�V0V0V0 R ø 0V0V0WÆ Y��VYV0V0 UVY��VYV0 �iUVYV0V0WÆ

[�Ì^\-])Y�� ø `�4 ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îm©;ª�« ö ²2ói� î f « ö8$9�:s=`6tø�698 ü ó^698«ñ�ô}õ î τm

¸�ðºóCõqó�6 î õ î õ�8fø ï;ó�ò�89698«ñ�ô}õ î��W� ¯õ�ö ý ñ�ò î ø.ñ�ð ö ý ð î��Z« ó�ô\øIð�: ª ÷�ï\ñ�6 ª ¨´ø î õ;: ö4ô î ù î ø<698«ñoô¥¸$6«ò�ñ�8�ø|f,÷Tf,ð î ø d ð î 6 ó�öVhV¸�ð�ó©õSe�f ª ó�ò«ù îXî ø�6{ó�ð�ñ�ò´ø{ïLò�8�øe�ùqó�ðd¸ 1.5τm

= Nî ø>ó]ø<6Ae�ò�8�ø.ú,ö î øCø�8ºù�ô�ó�ð î ôY6�õ î ø�f�ñ�ô1jNù�ö�ò�ó�698«ñoô\øJú.ö�8¥õqó�ô\ø�ôLñ�6«ò î�ü ñZõ>¨�ð î ôb: ñ�ôY6Aï;ó�ø>õ î øf'ñ îNs f78 î ô�6PøXõ î �Z8�õ î ñ�ö?õ î*ü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò*ô�e�ùqó�698 ¹�øZ=

����C�BUG(Ba��Q ��Q õ�ög÷ ìB<Q_o�B ��Q õ�ög÷ ]�NPB<Q���;Bro�B<Q(@ ¿ � � ���xG ÁA@�~H�� p @�H � ?�����ô�G H� n*olp @ � 2 Ä ø �TP ø �TP ø 6<P ø 6<P ø YTP ø UTPCb0 ¿ � � ?��� � ����� Äz� ÀÀ z� 6SYV0V0 Y��V0V0 Y��VYV0 �V0V0V0 �W6SYV0 ���VYV0

n � @�ôvH�SB��� ��C@���xG ��? τm Cb = Cb0/10 � ���� à �Å� �VRVYV0V0 �VYV�V0V0WÆ ���W6S0V0WÆ �VYVRV0V0 ���VYV0V0WÆ �VUVUV0V0WÆ

n � @�ôvH�SB��� ��C@���xG ��?bÊ? � D ¿ � Bv��BìD ��� Ä τd = 1.5 × τm � ���� à �Å� 6>�^�i0V0 YV�V0V0V0WÆ Y��V0V0V0WÆ �VR^�i0V0 6SR^�i0V0WÆ YVYV0V0V0WÆ

[�Ì^\-]-Y��`��` 4 ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð ;ª�« ö ²2ói� î f « ö %R'�) = b ó�ð î ö4ò´ø©õ î τm

î 6 τdõqó�ô\ø�ðA: ª ÷´ï;ñ�6 ª ¨�ø î õ;: ö�ô î ù î ø*Ð

698«ñoôÞ¸�l�f,÷Tf,ð î ø7= yî ø�ó]ø<6Ae�ò�8�ø.ú,ö î ø*ø*8�ù�ôLóoð î ô�6�õ î ø�f'ñ�ô1jNùoö4ò�ó�698�ñ�ô\øXú,ö�8�õqóoô\ø£ôLñ�6«ò î*ü ñþõ>¨�ð î ôb: ñ�ôY6Uï\ó]øXõ î øf'ñ îNs f78 î ô�6PøXõ î �Z8�õ î ñ�ö?õ î*ü ñZõSe�ò�ó�6 î ö�ò*ô�e�ùqó�698 ¹�øZ=

Jl_`IWo_o�E7B��R;I��i�Q(@�B�Y��OU%G(Tio_o�B���FAQ(@\J�IV#7T�Q(@��bBUG,_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio[G(B�Jl_ ���� � �(JPB7F��(NXJ�IWo�F\G(BUC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioÞukC(JXQ�FANPB<Q(@�F?�Bry$C�F�G,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios�^Ú�JXJPB1NXJXJXQ�F�?A@�B1Jl_ NPG(E7BcO>Q�B1FAN�Jl_.Tio$G(E7FANX@�Bty%I»��Nwy$NPF�B<@�J�IKC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioVG,_ ����� CYIM@�Q_o(NX?�E

G(BW?�Bry$C�FHNXJ�nlIMQ(?KC(@�E�n9E<@�B<@HJPB7Fa#r��#<JPB7FK#7T�Q(@A?�FaG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios��ûrBU@LIMNPF�Tio_o�BryVBro�?UFAQ(C(CbT�F�BD?�T�Q(?�B�n9T�NPFaO�Q�BJl_.TioÞG�NPFAC�T�FLBUG,_ Q_o�BkO>QYIWo�?ANX?�EWNwo��#o(NPBDG(B�y%IM?AN��<@�B��YF�FANXJPBmj9G�IWo�F�o�T�?A@�BW#ZI�FKJPBUC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yqo��bO�Qs_.TioÞF�B<@LIMNX?C(@�<?ruKNX@A@LI�G�NPB<@rFLIWo�F�T�C(?ANwy$NPF�B<@pG�QV?�T�Q(?�J�Ia#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTioSG(Be#7B<JXJPB�fg#<Nl� Û Nl�^G�IWo�F�#7B<?A?�B\T�C(?ANPO>Q�B��>Tio%G�NPFACbT�F�BG,_ Q_oDCYIM@�#rG(B�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F�G(E7G�NPE7F�O>Q(Nl�»BroDQ_oD?�Bry$C�F�G(Tio_o�E��MG(E7FANX@�B<@LIMNPBro�?�C(@�T�G�Q(NX@�B ð î ï�ð ö4øyï\ñ]ø�ø�8 ý ð îrG,_ ����� �TioÞ#7Tio�FA?LIM?�B$IMJPT�@�FaO>Q�BWG(B7FHG�Q(@�E7B7FaG,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTioÝNwo�n9E<@ANPB<Q(@�B7F�u%Jl_`IWo_o�E7B9os_`IMC(C�T�@A?�B<@LIMNPBro�?�CYI�FHQ_oºi>IMNwoo�T�?LIW�(JPB ��J��3E7#ZIM@A?dG(BKJ�ID#7T�Q(@��bBaG(BKC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTio¦uDJ�IDCbBro>?�BHNwo(NX?AN�IMJPBVj9O�Q(NbFLB<@LIMNX?cNPG(EZIMJPBryVBro>?e#7B<JXJPBaO�Qs_.TioTi�(?ANPBro�G�@LIMNX?KBromnlIMNPFLIWo�?eG(B7FcNX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTio�F\Nwo��#o(NwyVBro>?\#7T�Q(@A?�B7F�oÄos_.B7FA?eO�Q�BaG(BD�VPS�

R�_.T�C(?ANPO�Q�BVG(B$C(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTio�G,_ ����=� G�IWo�FUJPBV#ZI�F�G,_ Q_o�B%E<?AQ�G(B%G(BVF�#7EroYIM@ANPThG(BVG(E<C(JPT�NPBryVBro�?WB7F�?U#7B�fC�Bro�G�IWo�?H?�T�Q(?�BWIMQ(?A@�B���Jl_.Ti��ìAB7#<?AN�npB7FA?KG(BDG(Ery%IM@A@�B<@HJPBD#r��#<JPBWG�Q¥?At�T�@ANXQ_y�BroºNwo�#<Nwo�E<@LIWo>?aJPB�C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y

ø �^�

B<?KG(B�C(@�T�G�Q(NX@�BDG(BUJl_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB��UûrB<?A?�BkIWyVT�@�#7BDG�Qº#r��#<JPBD?At�T�@ANXQ_y�F�BanlIMNX?KIMJPT�@�FHI7]^B7#DQ_o¥FA?�T�#¾�Nwo(NX?AN�IMJ�G(BC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G(Tio_o�E��>O�Qs_.TioqIH?�T�Q(?�Nwo�?�E<@�<?ru+o�BcCYI�F�i>I�FAC(NXJXJPB<@Z�S/aIWo�F�JPB7FpF�#7EroYIM@ANPT�F�O�Qs_.Tio%E<?AQ�G�NPB<@LIUCYIM@�J�IFAQ(NX?�Bqj9#�tYIMC(NX?A@�B�U^o��_o�T�Q�F\#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�Tio�FeJ�IkC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTio¥G,_ ����=� G�IWo�F\G(B7Fd@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�Fau$BZIMQ¦E<JPB7#<?A@�T�iT�ro�B7F"�B<?Äo�Tio�CYI�F1G(B7F1@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FdG(E7G�NPE7FduDQ_o�B\C(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTiohG,_ ���� � ��T,+mJl_.TiomCbT�Q(@A@LIMNX?cNwy%IMi�Nwo�B<@dB�.bB7#<?ANX]^BryVBro�?G(BKnlIMNX@�BaG(B7Fe#r��#<JPB7Fc?A@�7Fd#7T�Q(@A?�F\G,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios�

0 1 2 3 4 5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Inv

en

tair

e A

sse

mb

lag

e U

23

3 +

Pa

23

3 (

g)

509 kg/GWe.an

430 kg/GWe.an (-15,5%)

470 kg/GWe.an (-7%)

370 kg/GWe.an (-27,3%)

333 kg/GWe.an (-34.5%)

313 kg/GWe.an (-38.5%)

/1032Ä]~Y��OU+` 6�h î,ü ï�ð î õ�: ö�ô f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð îÄü¤²�³ó©;ª�« ö&8$9;:§¬Uð î ø ý 8fð�ó�ô\ø°õ î ïLò�ñþõ�ö�fZ698«ñ�ôkï;ó�ò ����î =fó�ô�ú,ö�: ñ�ôñ ý 698 î ô�õ�ò�ó�836Sø*8¥ñ�ô�òe�f,öþï(¨�ò î ð î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î óoöih6õ�ó�6 î ø%8PôLõ�8�ú,ö#e î ø�ï;ó�ò�ð î ø��c¨�f ª;î øÞ¬ î ô�f'ñoô\ø*8�õSe�ò�ó�ôY6¥ð�óõSef,ò�ñ�8�ø´ø,ó�ôgf î 6 ñ�6 ó�ð î õ�ö µ¶�¶ « ó�°�= Nî ø�� óoð î ö�ò´ø î ôY6«ò î ï;óoò î ô�6 ª ¨´ø î ø�õqñ�ôEô î ôY6�ðA: e�f'óoò�6bói� î fkö�ô î ù î ø<698«ñoô î ôf,÷Tf,ð î øU6«ò�¨´ø�f'ñ�ö�ò<6PøXú,ö�8�ïLò�ñ�j�6 î ò�ó�836(ó�ð�ñ�ò´ø*õ î ðºó�ï î ôY6 î 8Pô�89698«óoð î õ î ðºó�f'ñ�ö�ò ý'î =

��T�Q(@HQ_o[?A��C�BWG(BWC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G(Tio_o�EWB<?aI{�#oÞG(B9y%I»��Nwy$NPF�B<@HJPBUë�Q��¦]�Q¥CYIM@HJPBk#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB$¼ *1¾�1t���Qs�\TioÍC(@�E�n�E<@�B<@LI�JPB7F�nlIMNw�(JPB7Fh?�Bro�B<Q(@�FºBroÍC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y O>Q(NUIMQ(@�Tio�?¥Jl_`IZ]�IWo�?LIMi^B�G(BÝC(@�E7F�Bro>?�B<@[G(B7FyVB<NXJXJPB<Q(@�Fd#7T�B��%#<NPBro>?�F\G(BH]�NPG(BHB<?dG(BH?�Bry$CbE<@LIM?AQ(@�B�G�Q�yVT�G(E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z��]�QhO�Q�BKJ�Ik#7Tio�#7Bro>?A@LIM?ANPTio¥Bro��bT�@�B#<@ANX?ANPO�Q�B o�E7#7B7F�F*IMNX@�BVF�B<@LI�yVT�Nwo�G�@�B�� * @Z�s#7TiyyVBSTio�I�]�Qs�v�YIMNPF�FLB<@�J�I�?�Bro�B<Q(@WBro¤C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y G�Q¤#7Tiykf�(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�os_`I%CYI�FKG�Qº?�T�Q(?KJl_.B�.bB<?aB7F�#7Tiy$C(?�EWFAQ(@KJ�IV]�IMJPB<Q(@KG�Q¥ë�Q�� yVTX�^Bro�o(N�G(Tio�#WFAQ(@KJ�IVC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioG,_ ���� � �(G�Q�nlIMNX?dG,_ Q_o�B|yVT�G�Nx�Y#ZIM?ANPTio¥Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�BUG�Q¦F�C�B7#<?A@�B+o�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�B����IM@rIMNXJXJPB<Q(@�F"��FAQ(@�JPBdC(J�IWoqG(B\#7BdO�Q(N�B7FA?�E7#7Tio�Tiy$NPO�Q�BryVBro>?1Nwo�?�E<@�B7F�FLIWo>?Z��JPB7FpB���C(JPT�NX?LIWo�?�FrG�Qq@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@IMQ(@�Tio�?V?�Bro�G�IWo�#7B¥u¥nlI7]^T�@ANPF�B<@qG(B7F$?LIMQ��5G(B¦#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio E<JPB<]^E7FqB<?Z��CYIM@%#7Tio�F�E7O�Q�Bro>?Z��u¤I�G(T�C(?�B<@%G(B7F?�Bro�B<Q(@�FKBro¦C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�O>Q(N�IWyVE<JXNPT�@�B<@�Tio>?HJPBa?LIMQ��¦G(BD#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANPTio y%I»��Nwy%IMJl���;T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPFZ��Jl_.E7#ZIM@A?KO�Qs_.TioTi��F�B<@A]^BºFAQ(@qJl_ Nwo>]^Bro>?LIMNX@�BÞG,_ ����=� ��C�T�Q(@S?�T�Q�F%JPB7Fq?A��CbB7FqB<?S?�Bro�B<Q(@�FmG(B¦C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y #7Tio�n�Tio�G�Q�FZ�pG(Tio�?Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTioêI[E<?�Eh#ZIMJP#<Q(JPE7B¥u[C(Q(NPFLFLIWo�#7Bh#7Tio�FA?LIWo�?�B���B7FA?VNwo�n�E<@ANPB<Q(@qu ø 0TP u[Bro>]�NX@�Tio�6SR��Ä��ì=�»?Z��R;I��i�Q(@�BqY����DG(Tio_o�BHJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¦G(B7F1Nwo�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B7FeG,_ ���� � CbT�Q(@rJPB7FcO�QYIM?A@�BKnlIWy$NXJXJPB7FcG(Ba#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�¼ *1¾

ø �VR

�1t���Q¥E<?AQ�G�NPE7B7F"�

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Inve

ntai

re A

ssem

blag

e (g

) (Pu

issan

ce =

17.

5 M

W)

7 %Pu8.5%Pu10 %Pu

Production U-233 (ThPu UOX jeune)

Ç�ÊrÍ0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Temps (années e.p.p)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Inve

ntai

re A

ssem

blag

e (g

) (Pu

issan

ce =

17.

5 M

W)

8 %Pu9 %Pu 10%Pu

Production U-233 (ThPu UOX vieux)

ÇwÏVÍ

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Inve

ntai

re A

ssem

blag

e (g

) (Pu

issan

ce =

17.

5 M

W)

12 %Pu13 %Pu14 %Pu

Production U-233 (ThPu MOX jeune)

Çw×�Í0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Temps (années e.p.p)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000In

vent

aire

Ass

embl

age

(g) (

Puiss

ance

= 1

7.5

MW

)

14 %Pu15 %Pu16 %Pu

Production U-233 (ThPu MOX vieux)

Ç�ÎiÍ/r032t]�Y�����` 6Ä� ñ�ð ö�698�ñ�ô6õ î ø�8Pô#� î ôY6 ó�8Pò î ø*õ;: µA¶w¶ ± ï;ñ�ö�ò£ð î ø�ú,ö\ó�6«ò î ¹.ó ü 8Pðfð î ø*õ î f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î�©;ª�« ö�=

å�ÑgÓ,ÑNå � Ö �(Õ Ö ä#�T�)�^Õ À�ÖË× Ø����gØ�� À;Ö ÕwØ��íKT�Q�Fd]^Bro�Tio�FKG(B�]^T�NX@KO>Qs_`ukC(Q(NPFLFLIWo�#7Bq�(�(E7B��(J�I%O>QYIWo�?ANX?�EDG,_ ����� C(@�T�G�Q(NX?eCYIM@\Q_o(NX?�EUG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBWG(E�f

C�Bro�GSCbB<Q�G�QS?���CbBHG(BeC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yò#7Tio�FANPG(E<@�EHG�IWo�F1JPBK#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB|�1t���Qs�_;wJ�F"_.BromF�Q(NX?1O�Q�B\J�ID#7Tio�FLTiykfy%IM?ANPTio�G(B%C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y CYIM@WQ_o(NX?�EmG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB�B7FA?UC(@LIM?ANPO�Q�BryVBro>? �(��E7B���B<JXJPB�IMQ�F�FANl��B<?WG(E<CbBro�G½C�B<Q5G�Q#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBW#�t�T�NPF�NsJPT�@�F�O�Qs_.TiohNwy$C�T�FLBHQ_o�BaC(Q(NPF�FLIWo�#7B��

Û NcJl_.Tio�#Lt�B<@�#�t�B¥uºNwo�#<Nwo�E<@�B<@SBro�Q_o�?�Bry$C�FVG(Tio_o�E�Q_o�BhO�QYIWo>?ANX?�E¦G(Tio_o�E7BhG(BmC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yh��B<?VO�Q�BJl_.TioÝG�NPFACbT�F�BDG,_ Q_o[CYIM@�#$G(BD@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FaCbT�Q(]�IWo�?KJPBk#7Tio�F�TiyyVB<@Z�bNXJ�nlIMQ�G�@LISG(Tio�#kC(@ANX]�NXJPE<i�NPB<@HJPB7FKnlIMNw�(JPB7F?�Bro�B<Q(@�F1Bro%C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�G�Qq#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���I{�#oqG,_`IMQ(iVyVBro�?�B<@cJPBd@LIMC(CbT�@A?rBro�?A@�BeJPBeC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y�#7Tio�FLTiyyVEB<?dJPBHC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yçC(@�E7FLBro>?eNwo(NX?AN�IMJPBryVBro�?\G�IWo�F\#�tYI�O�Q�Ba@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z�

ø ���

R�IZ��i�Q(@�B Y��ORQyVTio�?A@�B$Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTio¤G(B7FaNwo�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B7FDG(B7FHC(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ��[NPFLT�?�T�C�B7FaG�QÞC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_y CbT�Q(@G(B<Q��èB���Bry$C(JPB7F¦G(BÝ#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB�¼ *c¾ �1t���Q @��ô B<?h¼ *c¾ �1t���Q�õ�ög÷��IûrB7F���i�Q(@�B7F�yVB<?A?�Bro>?¥C(JXQ�F#<J�IMNX@�BryVBro�?KBroºE<]�NPG(Bro�#7BUJ�IyVT�Nwo�G�@�BUO�QYIMJXNX?�Eqo�B<Q(?A@�Tio(NPO�Q�BWG�Q ��Q õ�ög÷ ��FAQ(@e#7B<?KB���Bry$C(JPBUJl_ Nwo>]^Bro>?LIMNX@�BG(B �>�� ��Q G(E<CYI�F�F�B�#7B<JXQ(N�G(B ���L ��Q IMC(@�7F ø IWo¦G,_ NX@A@LI�G�N�IM?ANPTios�bIMJPT�@�FeO�Q�BaG�IWo�FdJPBU#ZI�FË��Q @��ô �(JPB ���L ��Q@�B7FA?�BHC(JXQ�F\IW��Tio�G�IWo�?\O�Q�BHJPB �>�� ��Q G�IWo�FeJPBa#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBUC�Bro�G�IWo�?eC(@�B7F�O�Q�Bq�VIWo�FZ�

íKT�Q�F�C(@�E7F�Bro�?�Tio�F�y%IMNwo�?�BroYIWo>?rJPB7F��(NXJ�IWo�F�G(BcC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioqG(B7F�C(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ��VI�#<?ANwo(NPG(B7F1uK]�NPB1JPTio(i�Q�BeBroJPB7Fto�T�@�y%IMJXNPFLIWo�?dCYIM@cQ_o(NX?�EaG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPBHC(@�T�G�Q(NX?�B�� � �#o�G(BKi>IM@�G(B<@eG(B7F1Q_o(NX?�E7FdF�Nwy$C(JPB7Fto�T�Q�FeI�G(T�C(?�Tio�FcJPB�Ä�ÝB��`IWos��F�T�NX?KJ�I%O�QYIWo>?ANX?�Ek?�T�?LIMJPBWG,_.Ero�B<@Ai�NPB$E<JPB7#<?A@ANPO�Q�BDC(@�T�G�Q(NX?�BWC�Bro�G�IWo�?HQ_o[IWo[G(B�n�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�BryVBro>?#7Tio�?ANwo>QhG,_ Q_o svu#±SBro�?AN��<@�BryVBro>?\#LtYIM@Ai^EaBro�¼ *c¾ �1t���QhO�Q(NbIMQ(@LIMNX?cQ_o�BKC(Q(NPF�F*IWo�#7BaG(B ø �Ä�ÝB���;wJ�nlIMQ(??�T�Q(?�B�n�T�NPF�?�Bro(NX@r#7Tiy$C(?�BeG�QVnlIMNX?�O�Q�B��^FAN�Jl_.TioqF�T�Q(tYIMNX?�Bd@LIMNPF�Tio_o�B<@rBro%?�B<@�yVB\G(BcC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTiomB�.,B7#<?ANX]^BcCYIM@IWos�bCYIM@UB��(Bry$C(JPB��sO�Qs_ Q_oÞ@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@qo�Bkn�Tio�#<?ANPTio_o�B$CYI�F ø 0V0TP�G�QÞ?�Bry$C�F"� � Q_o[nlI�#<?�B<Q(@UG(B$#LtYIM@Ai^B%G(B�iYTPS��Q_o¼svu�± }=�_�_� G(E<JXNX]�@�Bq0��OU^�iY����ÝB��`IWo¦BrohQ_o�BUIWo_o�E7B��

R;B7F�?LIW�(JPBZIMQ��Y��O���VY�� 6��WY��OY���B<?�Y��OU\G(Tio_o�Bro�?�#7B7F-�(NXJ�IWo�F�CbT�Q(@�JPB7F�C(@ANwo�#<NXCYIMQ��$I�#<?ANwo(NPG(B7F�G(Tio>?�J�I\G(Bry$N�f]�NPBDB7F�?KFAQ(CbE<@ANPB<Q(@�B$u�UQyVT�NPFHB<?HC(@�E7F�Bro�?�FaBro[O�QYIWo>?ANX?�E7F+o�Tio o�E<i�JXNXi^BZIW�(JPB7FZ��ûrB7F��(NXJ�IWo�FaG(BWC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioF�Tio�?°o�T�@�y%IMJXNPF�E7F\CYIM@��Ä�ÝB��`IWoºB<?d?ANPBro_o�Bro>?H#7Tiy$C(?�BUG,_ Q_oh@�B�n9@�T�NPG�NPF�F�BryVBro�?KG(B�U�yVT�NPF��(Jl_ Nwo�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�BkG(B ���� ��I Iº?�T�?LIMJPBryVBro>?%G(E7#<@AQ�B<?VB7F�?WNwo�#7T�@ACbT�@�EhuºJl_ Nwo>]^Bro�?LIMNX@�B¦G,_ ����� �AûrB7Fk@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�Fo�T�Q�F$F�B<@A]^Bro�?%G(BG(Tio_o�E7B7F\G,_.Bro>?A@�E7B�CbT�Q(@cJPB7FdE<?AQ�G(B7F\G(BaF�#7EroYIM@ANPT(�

¿ � À�× Ø��~�^Õ À;ÖË× ¹��v�~�^Õ Ö Õ × ¸����êÕ Ö ¸YØ��S����� � Ç �íKT�Q�F1#7Tio�FA?LIM?�Tio�FcFAQ(@c#7B7Fr?LIW�(JPBZIMQ��mO�Q�B���uUC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioh#7Tiy$CYIM@LIW�(JPBaG,_ ����� �>J�IDC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTiohG,_`I�#<?AN�fo(NPG(B7F�#7TiyyVB 241 � yh� 243 � y T�Q 244 û�y Brok¼ *c¾ Q(?ANXJXNPFLIWo�?�G�QË��Q õ�ög÷ B7FA?�i�@LIWo�G(BryVBro>?pIMQ(iVyVBro�?�E7B��>u

#ZIMQ�F�BeG(B7F�?�Bro�B<Q(@�FrBroVC(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yñC(JXQ�F�Nwy$C�T�@A?LIWo�?�B7F1G�Q%#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPB���CYIM@�@LIMC(CbT�@A?ruaJ�IHC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTiomG(B#7B7F^o�T1�>IMQ��kTi��F�B<@A]^E7B1G�IWo�F�JPBr#ZI�F�G�Q���Q @��ô ��ûrB7#<N(#7Tio�FA?ANX?AQ�B1FLIWo�F�G(T�Q(?�BrQ_okIM@Ai�Q_yVBro�?�FAQ(C(C(JPEryVBro>?LIMNX@�B#7Tio�?A@�BaJl_ Q(?ANXJXNPFLIM?ANPTio¥G�Q�C(JXQ(?�Tio(NXQ_yzG(Ba?A��CbB ��Q õ�öw÷ G�IWo�FdG�Q¦#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBU¼ *1¾ �1t���Qs�

ø 6S0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5Temps (années e.p.p)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Inv

en

tair

e A

sse

mb

lag

e (

g)

Pu 239 Pu 240Pu 241Pu 242Pu 238

Evolution des isotopes du plutonium (UOX jeune)

Ç�Ê�Ívï|ð%ñ"!�íWô�Ó @��ô ÿ1Ù ñ��0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Temps (années e.p.p)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Inv

en

tair

e A

sse

mb

lag

e (

g)

Pu 238 Pu 239Pu 240 Pu 241Pu 242

Evolution des isotopes du plutonium (MOX jeune)

ÇwÏiÍvï|ð%ñ#!�íWô�Ó õ�öw÷ f�û±�/10�2t]TY��OR'` 6Ä� ñoð ö�698«ñoô>õ î ø18Pô#� î ôY6 ó�8Pò î øIõ î ø18fø,ñ^6 ñ´ï î øIõ�ö°ïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü ï;ñoö4òSõ î öih î h î�ü ïLð î øSõ î f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð îü¤²�³ ©;ª�« ö(=

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Temps (années e.p.p)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Inv

en

tair

e A

sse

mb

lag

e (

kg

)

5%

7.5%

10%

Ç�ÊrÍvï|ð�ñ"!�íWô�Ó @��ô0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Temps (années e.p.p)

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Fra

ctio

n d

u p

luto

niu

m in

itia

l pré

sen

te (

%)

10%

7.5%

5%

ÇwÏVÍvï|ð%ñ$!�íiô#Ó @��ô/10�2t]<Y��`�:`¥4 ñ�ôvø,ñ ü�ü ó�698�ñ�ôCõ�ö°ïLð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü ¬w6 ñ�ö4ø18fø,ñ^6 ñ´ï î ø'f'ñ�ô"¹,ñ�ô�õ�ö�øw°�= Nî øIõ�8 5�e,ò î ô�6Pø î ôvò�8�f ª 8�ø´ø î�ü�î ôY6Pøf î ï î ôLõqó�ôY6Aô î õqñ�ôEô î ò�ñ�ôY6Lï;ó]øSð î°ü43�ü�î£ý ö4ò�ôvöþï,=�¬"ó�° § 8NðA: ñ�ô�8 ü ï;ñ]ø î ð�óSïLö�8fø�ø,óoôgf î d ðºók6 î ô î ö�ò î ôXïLð ö�6 ñ�Ðô�8Pö ü õ�ö�f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î ôb: ó*ï;ó]økõ;: 8Pôgf<8�õ î ô)f î ø´ö�ò*ð�ó�f'ñoô\ø,ñ ü�ü ó�698�ñ�ô�õ î ï�ð ö�6 ñ�ô�8Pö ü ï;ó�òXö�ô�836Ae�õ�: e�ô î ò«ù�8 îïLò�ñZõ�ö�836 î =$¬ ý ° 4{î ï î ôLõqó�ôY6 d ¸ ü ñ�8fôLõoò î 6 î ô î ö�ò�õ î ïLð ö�6 ñ�ôY8fö ü d ð�ó�ú.ö;ó�ô�69836Ae f'ñ�ô\ø.ñ ü�ü e î ò î ï�ò�e´ø î ôY6 î ò�óý 8 î ô î ôY6 î ôLõoö�ö4ô î ï�ð ö4øSù�ò�ó�ôLõ î ïLò�ñ´ï;ñ�ò<698�ñ�ô6õ î ðA: 8fô�� î ôY6 ó�8Pò î 8Pô�89698«óoðX=

ø 6 ø

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;�o>]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;<j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;�j3?*o¡j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%�Ä�ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ���OU���B�f�0V� ���OU���B�f�0V� ø � 6��MB�f�0W6247 û�y 0 Y��`�W6^B�f�0�� Y��`�W6^B�f�0�� ���`�VU�B�f�0V�246 û�y 0 ���O�V0�B"È+0V0 ���O�V0�B"È+0V0 ø �OR ø B�f�0 ø245 û�y 0 U��OY^�MB"È+0 ø U��OY^�MB"È+0 ø ���OU ø B"È+0V0244 û�y 0 ���`�VU�B"È+0�� ���`�VU�B"È+0�� ��� ø �MB"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 R��OUV0�B"È+0V0 R��OUV0�B"È+0V0 6�������B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ��� 6SR�B"È+0�� ��� 6SR�B"È+0�� 6�� øVø B"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ø � ø 0�B"È+0 ø ø � ø 0�B"È+0 ø U��O0���B�f�0 ø242 � y 0 ø �OUVR�B�f�0W6 ø �OUVR�B�f�0W6 ���`� ø B�f�0VU241 � y 6��O0V��B"È+0�� Y��`����B"È+0�� ø �`�VU�B"È+0�� U��`�V0�B"È+0V0242 ��Q ���O� ø B"È+0V� ���OUW6^B"È+0V� ���`����B"È+0�� ø �����MB"È+0 ø241 ��Q ���`�VR�B"È+0V� Y�� ø ��B"È+0V� ø � ø U�B"È+0V� U��O�W6^B"È+0 ø240 ��Q ø �O0W6^B"È+0W6 R�������B"È+0V� f ø �OUVY�B"È+0V� fw���O0VY�B"È+0 ø239 ��Q ���OUVR�B"È+0W6 ���`�W6^B"È+0V� f ø �OR���B"È+0W6 f ø �O0W6^B"È+0V�238 ��Q U��OR���B"È+0�� U��OYW6^B"È+0�� f���� 6��MB"È+0 ø f ø �`�V0�B"È+0V0237 íeC 0 ��� ø ��B"È+0V0 ��� ø ��B"È+0V0 ø � ø �MB�f�0 ø238 � 0 �����{6^B�f�0V� �����{6^B�f�0V� 6��`�VY�B�f�0W6236 � 0 U��O0W6^B"È+0V0 U��O0W6^B"È+0V0 ���O����B�f�0 ø235 � 0 ��� 6SY�B"È+0 ø ��� 6SY�B"È+0 ø Y�� ø ��B"È+0V0234 � 0 Y��O� ø B"È+0�� Y��O� ø B"È+0�� ���`����B"È+0 ø233 � 0 U��OUW6^B"È+0V� U��OUW6^B"È+0V� ���OUW6^B"È+0��232 � 0 ���OYV0�B"È+0 ø ���OYV0�B"È+0 ø ø �O�^�MB"È+0V0231 ��I 0 U�� ø Y�B"È+0 ø U�� ø Y�B"È+0 ø ���O�VR�B"È+0V0232 �1t 6�� ø �MB"È+0VY 6��O0^�MB"È+0VY f ø �O0W6^B"È+0W6 f�Y�������B"È+0��

[pÌ-\^]:Y��O�2`'& 8fð�ó�ô\ø}õ î�ü ó�698l¨�ò î ¸56 � l î = ï,= ï�ñ�öÉ�¢� ����-�� 6e<6 ó ý ð�8�ø�ï;ñ�ö�ò?ö�ô f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷�ï î©;ª�« ö�8$9�: ìB<Q_o�B ¸%­�=�®�¯U=

ø 6>�

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;Ao�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;�j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;<j3?*o j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%���ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ���`�V��B�f�0�� ���`�V��B�f�0�� R��OUV��B�f�0W6247 û�y 0 ���`�^�MB�f�0 ø ���`�^�MB�f�0 ø ø �`�VU�B�f�0��246 û�y 0 ø �O�VY�B"È+0 ø ø �O�VY�B"È+0 ø Y��`�V��B�f�0 ø245 û�y 0 ø �OYVU�B"È+0�� ø �OYVU�B"È+0�� U��O0V��B"È+0V0244 û�y 0 U��OYV��B"È+0�� U��OYV��B"È+0�� ���OY���B"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 ø � 6>��B"È+0 ø ø � 6>��B"È+0 ø Y�� 6>��B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ��� 6S0�B"È+0�� ��� 6S0�B"È+0�� ���OUV��B"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 ���OU^�MB�f�0 ø241 � y 6��O0V��B"È+0�� 6��ORV��B"È+0�� ���`����B"È+0 ø ���O0VU�B"È+0V0242 ��Q ���O� ø B"È+0V� ���`����B"È+0V� U����iU�B"È+0�� ���OU ø B"È+0 ø241 ��Q ���`�VR�B"È+0V� 6�� 6SU�B"È+0V� 6��ORW6^B"È+0�� ø �OR^�MB"È+0 ø240 ��Q ø �O0W6^B"È+0W6 U��`�V0�B"È+0V� f���� 6��MB"È+0V� f ø �O�W6^B"È+0��239 ��Q ���OUVR�B"È+0W6 ���OYVY�B"È+0V� fw���O�V��B"È+0W6 f�R��`����B"È+0��238 ��Q U��OR���B"È+0�� U��OU���B"È+0�� fw�����i��B"È+0 ø f ø �O0VU�B"È+0V0237 í\C 0 ��� 6V6^B"È+0V0 ��� 6V6^B"È+0V0 ø �O�V��B�f�0 ø238 � 0 ø �OY ø B�f�0�� ø �OY ø B�f�0�� Y��ORV��B�f�0W6236 � 0 ø �OUVY�B"È+0 ø ø �OUVY�B"È+0 ø U��O�^�MB�f�0 ø235 � 0 ø �`�W6^B"È+0�� ø �`�W6^B"È+0�� ��� 6>��B"È+0V0234 � 0 R����iR�B"È+0�� R����iR�B"È+0�� ���O����B"È+0 ø233 � 0 R��O0V��B"È+0V� R��O0V��B"È+0V� ��� ø 0�B"È+0��232 � 0 6�� 6SY�B"È+0 ø 6�� 6SY�B"È+0 ø ø ������B"È+0V0231 ��I 0 ���`�V0�B"È+0 ø ���`�V0�B"È+0 ø �����iR�B"È+0V0232 �1t 6�� ø �MB"È+0VY 6��O0���B"È+0VY f ø �OY���B"È+0W6 f�Y��ORVY�B"È+0��

[�Ì^\-]�Y�� 6�`(& 8fð�ó�ô\ø�õ î¥ü ó�698l¨�ò î ¸$6 � ��=�®©ó�ôvø î = ï,= ï8ñ�ö*)il ����-�� 6�e<6 ó ý ð�8fø�ï;ñ�ö�ò°ö�ô¼f�ñ ü�ý ö�ø<698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷´ï î©;ª�« ö&8$9�: ìAB<Q_o�B ¸%­�=�®�¯U=

ø 6S�

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;�o>]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;<j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;�j3?*o¡j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%�Ä�ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ø �`�VY�B�f�0W6 ø �`�VY�B�f�0W6 ø �OUV��B�f�0VY247 û�y 0 R��OYV��B�f�0V� R��OYV��B�f�0V� ��� øVø B�f�0W6246 û�y 0 ��� 6>��B�f�0 ø ��� 6>��B�f�0 ø U�� ø ��B�f�0��245 û�y 0 ���`����B"È+0 ø ���`����B"È+0 ø ��� 6V6^B"È+0V0244 û�y 0 ���O0VY�B"È+0�� ���O0VY�B"È+0�� ���OYW6^B"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 U��`�VY�B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ø �O0 ø B"È+0V� ø �O0 ø B"È+0V� R�� 6>��B"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ���O0VY�B"È+0 ø ���O0VY�B"È+0 ø ø ��� ø B"È+0V0241 � y R�� øVø B"È+0�� ���`�V��B"È+0�� ø �OR���B"È+0�� ø �OY���B"È+0 ø242 ��Q R�� øVø B"È+0V� R�� ø 0�B"È+0V� f�Y��O0���B"È+0V0 fI6��`�W6^B�f�0 ø241 ��Q ���`����B"È+0V� R�� ø R�B"È+0V� ø �ORVR�B"È+0�� ø �OY^�MB"È+0 ø240 ��Q ø �`�^�MB"È+0W6 ø �OUVR�B"È+0W6 fw���`�VY�B"È+0V� fw��� 6SU�B"È+0��239 ��Q ���O�VU�B"È+0W6 ø �`�VY�B"È+0W6 f ø � øVø B"È+0W6 fw���`����B"È+0��238 ��Q ����� ø B"È+0V� ���O�VR�B"È+0V� f����O�V0�B"È+0�� fw�����iU�B"È+0 ø237 íeC 0 ���OUVY�B"È+0V0 ���OUVY�B"È+0V0 ���`� ø B�f�0 ø238 � 0 ø � 6��MB�f�0�� ø � 6��MB�f�0�� ø �`����B�f�0V�236 � 0 �����iY�B"È+0V0 �����iY�B"È+0V0 ���`����B�f�0 ø235 � 0 ���O�W6^B"È+0 ø ���O�W6^B"È+0 ø �����iR�B"È+0V0234 � 0 ���OU^�MB"È+0�� ���OU^�MB"È+0�� ���`����B"È+0 ø233 � 0 6��OUW6^B"È+0V� 6��OUW6^B"È+0V� ���ORVR�B"È+0��232 � 0 ø �O0V��B"È+0 ø ø �O0V��B"È+0 ø R��OUV��B�f�0 ø231 ��I 0 6��OY^�MB"È+0 ø 6��OY^�MB"È+0 ø ���OR ø B"È+0V0232 �1t ���`����B"È+0VY ���`�V��B"È+0VY f�U�� ø U�B"È+0V� f�Y�� ø 6^B"È+0��

[pÌ-\^]vY��OY�`*& 8Pð�ó�ô\ø�õ îXü ó�698�¨,ò î ¸m6 � �?óoô\ø î = ï,= ï¨ñ�ö���­ ����-�� 6:e76 ó ý ð�8�øIï;ñ�ö�ò�ö�ô7f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷�ï î©;ª�« ö %('�) ìB<Q_o�B ¸�m,��¯U=

ø 6V6

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;Ao�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;�j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;<j3?*o j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%���ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ���O0V��B�f�0V� ���O0V��B�f�0V� ø � ø 6^B�f�0W6247 û�y 0 Y����iY�B�f�0�� Y����iY�B�f�0�� ���`�W6^B�f�0V�246 û�y 0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 ��� 6>��B"È+0V0 ø �`�V��B�f�0 ø245 û�y 0 R��O�W6^B"È+0 ø R��O�W6^B"È+0 ø 6����i0�B"È+0V0244 û�y 0 Y�������B"È+0�� Y�������B"È+0�� ���`�V��B"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 ø �O����B"È+0 ø ø �O����B"È+0 ø ��� 6SU�B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ø �O�W6^B"È+0V� ø �O�W6^B"È+0V� ���OYW6^B"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ��� ø Y�B"È+0 ø ��� ø Y�B"È+0 ø ø �`� ø B"È+0V0241 � y R�� øVø B"È+0�� ø �O0 ø B"È+0V� ø �`�VU�B"È+0�� ø � ø 0�B"È+0 ø242 ��Q R�� øVø B"È+0V� R�� ø �MB"È+0V� U��OYW6^B"È+0 ø ���OU���B"È+0V0241 ��Q ���`����B"È+0V� ��������B"È+0V� f ø �`����B"È+0�� f ø � ø ��B"È+0 ø240 ��Q ø �`�^�MB"È+0W6 ø �OYV0�B"È+0W6 fI6����{6^B"È+0V� fw���OU^�MB"È+0��239 ��Q ���O�VU�B"È+0W6 R��OU���B"È+0V� f ø �OYV0�B"È+0W6 f�R�� 6��MB"È+0��238 ��Q ����� ø B"È+0V� ���`�^�MB"È+0V� fI6�� 6>��B"È+0�� fw��� 6>��B"È+0 ø237 í\C 0 ���ORVR�B"È+0V0 ���ORVR�B"È+0V0 ��� ø ��B�f�0 ø238 � 0 ��� ø �MB�f�0�� ��� ø �MB�f�0�� ø �`����B�f�0V�236 � 0 Y��OR���B"È+0V0 Y��OR���B"È+0V0 ���`�VR�B�f�0 ø235 � 0 �����{6^B"È+0 ø �����{6^B"È+0 ø 6��O�VU�B"È+0V0234 � 0 6��OUVU�B"È+0�� 6��OUVU�B"È+0�� ���OUV��B"È+0 ø233 � 0 U��`�VY�B"È+0V� U��`�VY�B"È+0V� ���OY���B"È+0��232 � 0 ���O0���B"È+0 ø ���O0���B"È+0 ø ø � ø R�B"È+0V0231 ��I 0 U��O0^�MB"È+0 ø U��O0^�MB"È+0 ø ��� 6>��B"È+0V0232 �1t ���`����B"È+0VY ���`�V0�B"È+0VY fw���O�V0�B"È+0V� f�Y��`�W6^B"È+0��

[�Ì^\-]%Y��OU�`*& 8Pðºóoô\ø�õ î�ü ó^698�¨�ò î ¸m6 � l�ó�ôvø î = ï,= ï¨ñoö¦�¢� ����-�� 6°e<6 ó ý ð�8føbï\ñ�ö4òXö�ô7f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷´ï î©;ª�« ö %('�) ìAB<Q_o�B ¸�m*�Y¯�=

ø 6SY

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;�o>]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;<j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;�j3?*o¡j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%�Ä�ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ø �OYVR�B�f�0W6 ø �OYVR�B�f�0W6 ø �O�^�MB�f�0VY247 û�y 0 ���OUVR�B�f�0V� ���OUVR�B�f�0V� U��OU^�MB�f�0W6246 û�y 0 U��OUW6^B�f�0 ø U��OUW6^B�f�0 ø Y������MB�f�0��245 û�y 0 ���ORVU�B"È+0 ø ���ORVU�B"È+0 ø ��� 6>��B"È+0V0244 û�y 0 ��� ø ��B"È+0�� ��� ø ��B"È+0�� �������MB"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 ���O0V0�B"È+0V0 ���O0V0�B"È+0V0 ���OU ø B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ø � ø ��B"È+0V� ø � ø ��B"È+0V� ����� ø B"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ø �O0 ø B"È+0 ø ø �O0 ø B"È+0 ø R����iU�B�f�0 ø241 � y ��� ø U�B"È+0�� Y��OYV��B"È+0�� ���O�^�MB"È+0�� ���O0VU�B"È+0 ø242 ��Q ø �O0VU�B"È+0W6 ���ORW6^B"È+0V� f����O����B"È+0�� f�U�� 6>��B"È+0 ø241 ��Q ��� ø ��B"È+0V� U����i��B"È+0V� ���OU ø B"È+0V� ��� ø 6^B"È+0��240 ��Q ���OY^�MB"È+0W6 ���`�^�MB"È+0W6 f����O0���B"È+0V� fw���OUV��B"È+0��239 ��Q ���O0���B"È+0W6 ø �����MB"È+0W6 f ø �O� ø B"È+0W6 f ø � ø 6^B"È+0V�238 ��Q ���`� ø B"È+0V� ��� 6SR�B"È+0V� fI6��O����B"È+0�� f������iU�B"È+0 ø237 íeC 0 ø �O����B"È+0V0 ø �O����B"È+0V0 ø � ø 6^B�f�0 ø238 � 0 ø ���iU�B�f�0�� ø ���iU�B�f�0�� ø �OYV��B�f�0V�236 � 0 ��� ø Y�B"È+0V0 ��� ø Y�B"È+0V0 �����{6^B�f�0 ø235 � 0 ��� ø �MB"È+0 ø ��� ø �MB"È+0 ø �����iU�B"È+0V0234 � 0 ��� 6>��B"È+0�� ��� 6>��B"È+0�� ��� ø U�B"È+0 ø233 � 0 6�� 6SU�B"È+0V� 6�� 6SU�B"È+0V� ���OR^�MB"È+0��232 � 0 R��ORV��B"È+0V0 R��ORV��B"È+0V0 ���OU^�MB�f�0 ø231 ��I 0 6��O�W6^B"È+0 ø 6��O�W6^B"È+0 ø �������MB"È+0V0232 �1t ���ORVR�B"È+0VY ���ORV��B"È+0VY f�Y��ORV��B"È+0V� f�Y��O0^�MB"È+0��

[pÌ-\^]vY����9`*& 8Pð�ó�ô\ø�õ îXü ó�698�¨,ò î ¸m6 � �?óoô\ø î = ï,= ï¨ñ�ö���­ ����-�� 6:e76 ó ý ð�8�øIï;ñ�ö�ò�ö�ô7f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷�ï î©;ª�« ö %('�) ]�NPB<Q�� ¸�m �,¯U=

ø 6SU

� #<?ANwo(NPG(B ;Ao�]^Bro>?LIMNX@�B9;�j3?*á+0^o j3i�o ;<j3?*o j3i�o∆ = I(t) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

j³¾�i<�%���ÝB��`IWo�o248 û�y 0 ø �OUV0�B�f�0V� ø �OUV0�B�f�0V� ���`�^�MB�f�0VY247 û�y 0 Y�� ø ��B�f�0�� Y�� ø ��B�f�0�� ���`�^�MB�f�0V�246 û�y 0 ���O0 ø B"È+0V0 ���O0 ø B"È+0V0 ø ���iY�B�f�0 ø245 û�y 0 R��`�V��B"È+0 ø R��`�V��B"È+0 ø 6������MB"È+0V0244 û�y 0 Y��`�^�MB"È+0�� Y��`�^�MB"È+0�� ��� 6SU�B"È+0 ø243 û�y 0 Y��ORVR�B"È+0V0 Y��ORVR�B"È+0V0 ��� 6 ø B�f�0 ø243 � y 0 ø � 6SR�B"È+0V� ø � 6SR�B"È+0V� R��OY^�MB"È+0 ø242 � y m 0 ø �O�V��B"È+0 ø ø �O�V��B"È+0 ø ���OU���B�f�0 ø241 � y ��� ø U�B"È+0�� U��`�V0�B"È+0�� �����{6^B"È+0�� ��� ø U�B"È+0 ø242 ��Q ø �O0VU�B"È+0W6 ���OU���B"È+0V� f�R��`�VY�B"È+0�� f�Y�� ø R�B"È+0 ø241 ��Q ��� ø ��B"È+0V� ��� 6S��B"È+0V� 6��O� ø B"È+0V� ���OYV0�B"È+0��240 ��Q ���OY^�MB"È+0W6 ���O0VR�B"È+0W6 fI6��`�V0�B"È+0V� fw���ORW6^B"È+0��239 ��Q ���O0���B"È+0W6 ø �`����B"È+0W6 f ø ������B"È+0W6 f ø �O0W6^B"È+0V�238 ��Q ���`� ø B"È+0V� ���O� ø B"È+0V� f�Y��`����B"È+0�� f���� 6��MB"È+0 ø237 í\C 0 ���O�V0�B"È+0V0 ���O�V0�B"È+0V0 ø �O�V��B�f�0 ø238 � 0 ���OY���B�f�0�� ���OY���B�f�0�� ø �OYV0�B�f�0V�236 � 0 U��`����B"È+0V0 U��`����B"È+0V0 ���OUV0�B�f�0 ø235 � 0 ���O�V0�B"È+0 ø ���O�V0�B"È+0 ø 6��`�V��B"È+0V0234 � 0 6��O����B"È+0�� 6��O����B"È+0�� ���OYV0�B"È+0 ø233 � 0 U��O0VY�B"È+0V� U��O0VY�B"È+0V� ���OY ø B"È+0��232 � 0 ø �OR���B"È+0 ø ø �OR���B"È+0 ø ø �O0VY�B"È+0V0231 ��I 0 Y��`�V0�B"È+0 ø Y��`�V0�B"È+0 ø ��� 6>��B"È+0V0232 �1t ���ORVR�B"È+0VY ���ORV0�B"È+0VY f�R��OR ø B"È+0V� f�Y�� øVø B"È+0��

[�Ì^\-]%Y��OR�`*& 8Pðºóoô\ø�õ î�ü ó^698�¨�ò î ¸m6 � l�ó�ôvø î = ï,= ï¨ñoö¦�¢� ����-�� 6°e<6 ó ý ð�8føbï\ñ�ö4òXö�ô7f'ñ ü�ý ö4ø�698 ý ð î õ î 6«÷´ï î©;ª�« ö %('�) ]�NPB<Q�� ¸�m �,¯U=

ø 6��

ø 6SR

Ê ËÍÌ�ÎÐÏ[Ñ�ÒeÓ +

,.-0/ æ21436587:9 ;=< >�3?1:@29#5A>�587B@ ÕC< 3?9 ;=<D99*EF9*>HGDI <D9 5J9"7:K / @ / 3?1L>H<DM=3?9 N O

/233 P < @9"Q < - >�3�< ;=< @=<DMR>H3?7:@29 >?O=<S36I 5JTUM=< 9

V ¡XW Y }[ZY{]\_^ � �AZ�|`\d}aKT�Q�F�@�B<i>IM@�G(Tio�FpuaC(@�E7F�Bro>?�J�IHn�IMNPFLIW�(NXJXNX?�EeG,_ Q_o�BcC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTioq#7Tio>?ANwo>Q�BKG,_ Q_o%FA?�T�#¾kG,_cbedfd`gzO>Q(N�F�B<@LIMNX?

Bro2yVB7FAQ(@�BVG,_`I�FLFAQ(@�B<@�Q_o�B$?A@LIWo�FANX?ANPTio¤C(@�T�i�@�B7F�FANX]^BVG�Q2o�Q�#<JPEZIMNX@�BqI�#<?AQ�B<Jp]^B<@�FaQ_o�Bih�JXN�j<@�BVG(B$@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FNPF�T�i^Ero�E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�F%u �YI�F�BSG(Bq#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBlk1t

/bedfdXgW�AaKT�Q�FW#7Tio�F�NPG(E<@�Tio�F$G(B<Q���#ZI�FkG(BQ�YI�F�B���#7B<JXQ(N1G,_ Q_o

#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBmk1t���Q¥u9�YI�FLB�G(B ��Q�n ��ô B<?d#7B<JXQ(N;G,_ Q_o¦#7Tiy��(Q�FA?ANw�(JPBku9�YI�F�BaG(B ��QpoJq ÷ �R�_ NPG(E7Bm#7TiyyDQ_o�Bhuh?�T�Q�FWJPB7FkF�#7EroYIM@ANPT�FkO>Q�BSJl_.Tio½C(@�E7F�Bro>?�BSNP#<NcB7FA?kO>Q�BqJ�I¦C(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTio�G,_cbedfd`g rs

tvuxw s 6 G(BKJ�Iyh�JXN�j<@�BHNPF�T�i^Ero�E<@LIM?A@ANP#7B�B7FA?dI�F�FAQ(@�E7BHCYIM@1Q_o�CYIM@�#aG(BK@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F\uWBZIMQ�JPE<izj<@�Bx{�r 6e|�t s~} 89698fw sY�a\T�Q�Fm��T�Q�FkFANX?AQ�Tv��FkG�I���FWJPBq#ZI�FDn9@LI���ÜZIMNPFZ��F�T�NX?DQ~�½CYIM@�#SB���NPFA?LI���?$G(B%@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FQsvu#±�O�Q(NrG(B<]�@LI��<?A@�BC(@�T�i�@�B7F�FANX]^BryVB��?�@�B��T�Q(]^B<JPEWJPT�@�F�O>Q�Bk#7B<Q���fg#<N�]�NPB��G�@�Tv�>?Uu%?�B<@�yVBkG(BWJPB<Q(@KG�Q(@�E7BkG(BW]�NPB���RsBkG(E7#<JXN��ÞG�QCYIM@�#¥I�#<?AQ�B<JK#7TiyyVB��#7B<@LIÞ]^B<@�Fq�%���%���p#�_.B7FA?VCbT�Q(@�O>Q�T�N\Tv��C(@�B��G�@LIÝ#7B<?A?�B¥G�IM?�Bh#7TiyyVB¦G(Er�(Q(?SG(B�J�I?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�s�aKT�Q�FhB7F�FLI1�^Tv��F¦IMJPT�@�F¦G(B[]^T�NX@¦J�I5]�IMJPB<Q(@h#7Tiy$CYIM?ANw�(JPB�G,_ N��>]^B��?LIMNX@�B y%I»��Nwy%IMJDB��bedfd`g O�Qs_ NXJ�B7FA?

C�T�FLFANw�(JPBDG,_.B��]�NPF*IMi^B<@aCYIM@\@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@aNPF�T�i^E��E<@LIM?�B<Q(@Z�,B<?H#7B7#<N�I7]^B7#kG�N��,E<@�B�>?�FaF�#7E�YIM@ANPT�FaG(BWG(E<C(JPT�NPBryVB�>?G(B�#7B<Q���fg#<Nl���KN��bE<@�B��?�F;F�#7E�YIM@ANPT�F;C�B<@�yVB<?A?A@�Tv��?�IMJPT�@�F�G,_.B��bB7#<?AQ�B<@�J�I1?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�DIZ]^B7#�Q~��N���]^B�>?LIMNX@�BpN��(NX?AN�IMJy%I»��Nwy%IMJ(B�ibedfd`g�G�N��bE<@�B��?��"#�_.B7FA?�C�T�Q(@�O�Q�T�N���T�Q�F�n�B<@�Tv��F�IMJPT�@�F�]�IM@ANPB<@�Jl_ N���]^B�>?LIMNX@�B1N��(NX?AN�IMJ�G,_cbedfd`g�@�B7O�Q(NPFCYIM@e@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@Z��R�_ N��>]^B��?LIMNX@�B�y%I»��Nwy%IMJ�B� bedfd g CYIM@e@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@\O�Qs_ Q~�¦F�#7E�YIM@ANPT%G(Tv�~��EUB7FA?eB��yVB7FAQ(@�BDG(B]�IMJXNPG(B<@rB7FA?�G(Tv��#eQ~�V@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?pG(BdJl_.E<?AQ�G(BeB<?���Tv�%Q~��BeG(Tv�~��E7BeG,_.B��?A@�E7B í #7Bd@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�CbB<@�yVB<?A?A@LIUIMJPT�@�FrG(BF�B<JPB7#<?ANPTv�~��B<@UJPB7FU#7Tv��#7B<C(?�F�G(Bk@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F�NPF�T�i^E��E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�FW#7Tiy$CYIM?ANw�(JPB7FDIZ]^B7#$JPB$F�#7E�YIM@ANPThG(Bk?A@LI���F�NX?ANPTv�E<?AQ�G�NPE��

ø� �

� B7F�F�#7E�YIM@ANPT�FpG(BeG(E<C(JPT�NPBryVB�>?1F�Tv�>?rG�NX@�B7#<?�BryVB�>?rN���FAC(NX@�E7F�G(B7FpF�#7E�YIM@ANPT�F�B���NPFA?LI��>?pC�T�Q(@�JPBdG(E<C(JPT�NPB�fyVB��?VG(B7F²eEZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FVu$a\B<Q(?A@�Tv��FQ²\IMC(NPG(B7Fhj�²�aa²KoDIMQ�F�T�G�NXQ_y E<?AQ�G�NPE7FVCYIM@$JPB � Ú � B<?$Ú�G¢æ�jåc�^�»æg�åc�%�»æ3o����ÑwÓ,ÑgÓ �°¸�� À;Ö ��¸p��� × ¸��[ä#�v�~�i¸�Ø��m� · ¸����aã À;Öp× Ø�����Ø Ö ��� Öp× Õ × �)��� À �i��ÕIÁ��A¸ × ¸Z�^ä����~�V¸YØ��

ÕA� À�� ä Ö ä#�T�)�V¸YØ��¼¸ Ö � ÀA� ÁpØ��{�^ÕIÁ��I¸� ��/233 �

aKT�Q�F¡��T�Q�F%N��>?�E<@�B7F�F�Tv��FSuÞG(B7F%F`¢�FA?`j£VB7F�k1t/bedfd`g n�Tv��#<?ANPTv�~�YI��>?mB� FACbB7#<?A@�BhG(B¤��B<Q(?A@�Tv��F%?At�B<@f

£$NPO�Q�B7FeG�Qº?¥¢�C�B�²eEZI�#<?�B<Q(@Hu Û B<JPFÄæ�Tv��G�Q�F$j§¦©¨X»�o�� � BD#7Tv��#7B<C(?KG(BU@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@\C(@�E7FLB�>?�BDJl_`I7]�I��>?LIMi^BkG,_ Q~�N���]^B�>?LIMNX@�BmhYF�FANXJPBWN��(NX?AN�IMJ�?At�E7T�@ANPO�Q�B£VB�>?HnlIMNw�(JPB���R;B7FaE<?AQ�G(B7F[£VB��E7B7F�IMQÞRs� Û~� jå`� � æg�Xå`���Mæ3oeFAQ(@H#7BD?ª¢�CbBG(BdF`¢�FA?`j£VB\B7FA?AN�£VB�>?rJl_ N��>]^B��?LIMNX@�B�£$N��(N�£%IMJ�G,_«bedfd�g uaB�>]�NX@�Tv�qQ~��Be?�Tv�~��BeCbT�Q(@�Q~�q@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@rG(B ø �Ä�ÝBNPF�T�i^E��E<@LIM?�B<Q(@euWFACbB7#<?A@�BHG(B���B<Q(?A@�Tv��F1?At�B<@�£$NPO>Q�B7FZ��N���F�C(NX@�EKG�Q�#7Tv��#7B<C(?eI�£VE<@ANP#ZIMN��¦¼ Û«¬ ²èG(B7FcI��~��E7B7Fø �^�v�����ÑwÓ,Ñ�â � Õ¥�I� Ö � × ¸ � �g�^Õ¥­#�T¸�Ø��^Õ¥�gÕ��Mä��aKT�Q�F$I7]^Tv��FZ��G�I���FkJPBS#�tYIMC(NX?A@�BmC(@�E7#7E7G(B��?Z��B��#ZI�G�@�ESJPB7Fi®(NXJ�I���FWG(BSC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTv��G,_cbedfd�g B<?$G,_ N���#<N�f

��E<@LIM?ANPTv�£G(B�C(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£ B��JPB7Fq#ZIMJP#<Q(J�I��>?�uÞG(B<Q���N���FA?LI��>?�FSG(B�Jl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTv�£G�N��bE<@�B��?�F í N���FA?LI���?�FqO�Q(N#7T�@A@�B7FACbTv��G(B�>?HukG(B<Q��S?LIMQ��hG(Ba#7Tv£y®(Q�FA?ANPTv�ºukJ�IkG(E7#LtYIM@Ai^BUG�N��,E<@�B�>?�Fm�

•R;B�C(@�B£$NPB<@HB7FA?eCbB7F�FAN�£$NPFA?�BU#ZIM@eNXJ�FLT�Q�FfgB7FA?AN�£VB�JPBU?LIMQ��¦G(BU#7Tv£y®(Q�FA?ANPTv�ºB����BU#7Tv��FANPG(E<@LI���?HCYI�FJ�IVi^B7FA?ANPTv�¦CYIM@en3@LI�#<?ANPTv�~��B£VB��?aG�Q¦#°¯HQ(@Z���aI���F\#7BU#ZI�FZ�(J�IVC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTv�ºG,_cbedfd`g B7FA?dC(JXQ�F\i�@LI���G(BCYIM@�Q~�(NX?�EeG,_.E��B<@Ai�NPB�£%IMNPF�Tv�%IMQ(@LIHB<Q¡®�B7FLT�N��s��C�T�Q(@�B�WnlI�®(@ANPO>Q�B<@�Q~��BcO�QYI��>?ANX?�EdG(Tv�~��E��>G,_ Q(?ANXJXNPF�B<@Q~��B�C(JXQ�Fci�@LI���G(BUO�QYI��>?ANX?�E�G(B�C(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£òG(Tv�>?eJl_ N���#<N���E<@LIM?ANPTv���s_`IMQ(@LIkCYI�FeE<?�E�T�C(?AN�£$NPF�E7B��

•R;BeG(B<Q���N�j£VB\CbB<Q(?��<?A@�BK#7Tv��FANPG(E<@�EKT�C(?AN�£$NPFA?�B í NXJ�#7Tv��FANPG~j<@�B\Q~��B\i^B7FA?ANPTv�Su9��#¢�#<JPB7FpG�Qm#7Tv£�®(Q�FAf?AN�®(JPB��(O�Q(NbJPBHC(@�T�JPTv�(i^BaG(B_�%�z±ñCYIM@c@LIMC(C�T�@A?eIMQ�#ZI�F1C(@�E7#7E7G(B�>?\B<?cIM?A?�B<N���?eG(B7F1]�IMJPB<Q(@�FcG,_.B�>]�NX@�Tv�² �"�Ä��ì`³»?Z��#7B%O�Q(NpB7FA?kIMQ�ìT�Q(@�G,_ t�Q(Nc#7Tv��FANPG(E<@�E%Q~�½?LIMQ��¤G(BS#7Tv£�®(Q�FA?ANPTv��B<JPB<]^ESO>Q(NrFAQ(C(C�T�FLBVJ�I?�B��Q�BDG(B7F�£%IM?�E<@AN�IMQ��¥G(B�FA?A@AQ�#<?AQ(@�BWuV#7B<?A?�B�ë�Q�B��#7B���´�]^B7#�Q~��BUO�QYI��>?ANX?�EDG(B�C(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£�G(Tv�~��E7BTv�hn�I�®(@ANPO�Q�B<@LI���B�hC(JXQ�FdG(B�?�B£$C�FZ�(C(JXQ�FeG,_ bedfd gW�H°?>&IBG*x&I�CRK£@�Mz@�I4G*>WKNMz@�]NO�IB²PV&>@±@�>Pø`}\TUF7@�ø�µ&I�>I�>&G*F�X`@�TJG*x&I�>WX`@�x&I4AJM7XJIBKN>º@�>� @�>�>WX`@�G*>�TRM¢G�>[X`@�øAµWI�>&IBT?F�CJGBK£MPI�CJ]£@�>!AR>�KNM§AR]NI�V&CJI�I�]NF`X��aKT�Q�FdB��,B7#<?AQ�Tv��F\IMJPT�@�F\#�tYI�O�Q�B�#ZIMJP#<Q(J�G(B�FL#7E�YIM@ANPTVB�¦#7Tv��FANPG(E<@LI���?\#7B7FeG(B<Q���?LIMQ���G(B�#7Tv£�®(Q�F�?ANPTv�

G�N��,E<@�B�>?�FduUJ�IWG(E7#�tYIM@Ai^BHCbT�Q(@1#LtYI�O>Q�BK?ª¢�CbBHG(BK#7Tv£y®(Q�FA?AN�®(JPB_k1t���Qs�~aKT�Q�FcI7]^Tv��F1C(@ANPF1JPB7Fr@�E7FAQ(JX?LIM?�FcG(B��T�F\#ZIMJP#<Q(JPFe#7T�@A@�B7FACbTv��G�I��>?�IMQ��h#ZI�F�k1t���Q�n ��ô -°r�¶«s�rkux���c�z±óB<?dJPBU#ZI�F[k1t���QpoJq ÷¸· 8 r�¶%¹Þu ø� ±�CbT�Q(@NXJXJXQ�FA?A@�B<@�JPB7F�#ZIMCYI�#<NX?�E7FpO�Q�B1CbB<Q(]^B�>?rIZ]^T�NX@pG(B7F�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FpuaBZIMQVJPE<izj<@�BeB�V?�B<@�£VBeG(BcC(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTv�%G,_ bedfd gW��aI���F�JPB%#ZI�FUG�Q���Q oJq ÷��;#7B<?A?�BV?�B��B<Q(@DB7F�?U#7Tv£$CYIM?AN�®(JPBSuhJ�Im?�B��B<Q(@DO�Qs_.Tv��F"_`IM?A?�B��G�uhIZ]^T�NX@UCbT�Q(@UQ~�C(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£çG(BU#7BH?¥¢�C�BaO�Q(N;IMQ(@LIkQ~�*ºMi^B_£VT�¢^B�¦#7Tv£$C(@ANPFeB��?A@�B��kB<?[»%�$I���FeIMQhG(E®(Q(?eG�Q¥F�#7E�YIM@ANPTVG(B?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�s�

ø �%�

k�¢�CbB k1t���Q n ��ô j�ìAB<Q~��B"o k1t���Q oJq ÷rj3]�NPB<Q��Yok�B��B<Q(@ ���c��± ø� ±k�IMQ��¤£VT¼¢^B�¥G(Ba#7Tv£y®(Q�FA?ANPTv�¥B7F�?AN�£VE%j

τmo » � � �;� À � À ³ � �x�Ä��ì`³»? � � � �;� À � À ³k�%���Ä��ì`³»?

τdßgCbB7F�FAN�£$NPF�?�B�à$j

τd = τmo » � � �;� À � À ³ � �x�Ä��ì`³»? � � � �;� À � À ³k�%���Ä��ì`³»?

τdßwT�C(?AN�£$NPF�?�B�àVj

τd = 1.5 × τmo � �c� � � �;� À � À ³ ² »��Ä��ì`³»? » � � �;� À � À ³ � ���Ä��ì`³»?

½�Ì�¾�¿ ² � ø�À ©pÁXÂprÃ}"{�r?Ä wvu�Å ¶Æ} 698§Å�Ç rÃ}¢©;ª�«�¶�r 6V6§t ¶v¹ ¸ÈÇ�t {�É�Ä�ª tv|eÊ rËÄ w s~} 8 {�É | ÉÃ}�{ t s~} Ç rÃ}$}ÄXÉ�s tv|*8fw } | ÉÃ}°r�s 6 ÉÃ} 8 Ä 8�=RsBr?LI�®(JPBZIMQ ² � ø @�E7FAQ~£VBrJPB7F�N���FA?LI��>?�F�JPT�@�F�G(BrJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTv�%IMQ���O�Q�B<JPF�Tv�$B��bB7#<?AQ�BrJPB7F�®(NXJ�I���F�G(B�£%IM?AN�j<@�B

O>Qs_.Tv�½#7Tv��FANPG~j<@�BVNP#<Nl��RsB7F�?LI�®(JPBZIMQ�� ² �`�¥u ² � � @LIMC(CbB<JXJPB�>?WNP#<N�JPB7F�®(NXJ�I���FDG(B$C(@�T�G�Q�#<?ANPTv�5G,_ bedfd g B<?WG(B#7Tv��F�Tv£¡£%IM?ANPTv�[G(BHC(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£òG(E�ì�ukE<?LI�®(JXNPFdCbT�Q(@e#7B7FdG(B<Q��m?¥¢�C�B7FdG(BU#7Tv£�®(Q�FA?AN�®(JPB7FZ�

a\T�¢>IMQ Ì¥��]^B�>?LIMNX@�BmÌ�jf»$I���F*o∆ = I(3) − I(0) ∆/E

jÎÍ�iƳ%�Ä�ÝB��`I���o242 ��Q ��� ² ��B"ÈÏ�%»$i ���c����B"ÈÏ���$i ø � ² �MB"ÈÏ� ø241 ��Q ��� ø ��B"ÈÏ�%»$i ø �`� ø B"ÈÏ�%»$i ���c�%��B"ÈÏ� ø240 ��Q ���c����B"ÈÏ�%»$i f ø � � �MB"ÈÏ�%»$i fª���c����B"ÈÏ� ø239 ��Q ��� ² ��B"ÈÏ�%»$i f ø �c����B"ÈÏ� � i f ø �c�%��B"ÈÏ�%»238 ��Q ² �c� � B"ÈÏ���$i fª»��c� � B"ÈÏ� ø i fw���c�%��B"ÈÏ�%�� Tv��F�Tv£¡£%IM?ANPTv�¥��Q À À f ø �c�%��B"ÈÏ�%»233 g ² � � ��B"ÈÏ�%»$i ² � � ��B"ÈÏ�%»$i »�������B"ÈÏ���

½�Ì�¾�¿ ² �`� À & 8ÎÇ�t s~}y{�r� |�w {v¶~Ä 698ew s?{ : µÑÐÒÐ ±¸r 6 {�rmÄ w s~} wvuiuxt�698fw sH{�r�Â Ç ¶ 6§w s 8 ¶ uz¸�Ó¤t s~}y{ : 8Î|Ã|�t { 8ft�698fw s w ¶ | ¶«s"Ä wvu�Å ¶�} 698fÅÇ r ü�²�³ ©;ª�«�¶ ¸lÅ�t }¼ri{�r «�¶ 8$9�: � -°r¶Æs�r�� ¸q­�=�®�¯ {�r 6 r�s�r¶ | rsh«Ô¶ =

��ÑgÓ,Ñ3Ò Õ 2 ��Ö©×z�Ø­�Ù�Ú�Ù × ÚËÛ�Ü©Ù�Ú × Ú�Ù�ÙvÝ�ä Ö Ü]Þ>Õ¥ÖAÙhÕ¥Ý(Õ�ÝßÖ Ö ÙMÕ × äpÞ>ä�ÙR�_.E<?AQ�G(BDG(B�F�#7E�YIM@ANPT�F\B7FA?e#7Tv£$C(JPB��(BUB<?à��E7#7B7F�F�NX?�B_®�BZIMQ�#7T�Q(CºG,_ t�¢�C�T�?Atpj7FLB7FeG(Ba?A@LIZ]�IMNXJl��ÌgJ©��BDFZ_`IMi�NX?

CYI�FZ�%®(NPB�SB�>?�B��G�Qs�>G(BdC(@�E7G�NX@�BdJl_.E<]^T�JXQ(?ANPTv�mG(BcJ�IHCbT�JXNX?ANPO>Q�B���Q�#<JPEZIMNX@�B\G,_ Q~�%CYI°¢�FZ�%£%IMNPF�G(ByÄ w s�ÄXr · w�8Î| B<?{ : 8áÇÎÇ ¶Æ} 6e| r | G(B7Fr#Lt�T�N��qCbT�F�FAN�®(JPB7F1G(BH#7BHO>Q(NbF�B<@LIMNX?1C(t�¢�FANPO�Q�B£VB�>?c@�EZIMJXNPFLI�®(JPBHG�I���F1JPB7F1G(E7#7B�~�(NPB7FeuU]^B�(NX@FANsJ�IW]^T�JPTv��?�EDG,_`IMJXJPB<@d]^B<@�FeQ~�¦#¢�#<JPB�G�Q�?At�T�@ANXQ~£òB���NPFA?�B�� � B7#<Ns@�B7O�Q(NPB<@A?eG(BÏh(�(B<@e#7B<@A?LIMN���B7F\t�¢�C�T�?Atpj7FLB7FZ�� B<JXJPB7FeO�Q�BÏ��T�Q�F\I�G(T�C(?�Tv��FZ��C�T�Q(@d?�T�Q(?�B�J�IkFAQ(NX?�B���F�Tv��?e#7T�t�E<@�B�>?�B7FHI7]^B7#aJPB7Fe#<@ANX?`j<@�B7FeFAQ(NX]�I��>?�Fy�

•k�T�Q(?�B�?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�¥?�B7#�t~��T�JPT�i�NPO�Q�BD]^B<@�FeQ~����T�Q(]^BZIMQº?¥¢�C�B�G(B�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@KT�Q¦G(BD#7Tv£�®(Q�FA?AN�®(JPBmj9O�Q�B#7B\F�T�NX?�Q~�V@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@1uaBZIMQ%JPE<izj<@�B\G(B�»�â%i^E��E<@LIM?ANPTv�SQ(?ANXJXNPFLI��>?rG(B7F�#7Tv£y®(Q�FA?AN�®(JPB7FÔk1t���QqT�QVQ~�q@�E�fI�#<?�B<Q(@1uaF�B<JPF�n�Tv��G�Q�F�G(B � â i^E��E<@LIM?ANPTv��o�N�£$C(JXNPO�Q�BdQ~�%N��>]^B7FA?ANPF�FLB£VB�>?1F�#<NPB�>?AN�hYO�Q�B��^?�B7#Lt~�(NPO>Q�BKB<?

ø � ø

aKT¼¢>IMQ ̪�>]^B��?LIMNX@�B�Ì<j � �c�VI���F*o∆ = I(4.5) − I(0)

j3i�o∆/E

jÎÍ�iƳ%�Ä�ÝB��`I���o242 ��Q ���`����B"ÈÏ�%»$i ² ��� ² B"ÈÏ���$i ��� ²�ø B"ÈÏ� ø241 ��Q � � ��² B"ÈÏ�%»$i � �c� � B"ÈÏ���$i ø �c�^�MB"ÈÏ� ø240 ��Q ² �`�%��B"ÈÏ�%»$i fª»�� � �MB"ÈÏ�%»$i f ø �c» � B"ÈÏ���239 ��Q »��c�%��B"ÈÏ�%»$i fw���c»%»�B"ÈÏ� � i fª���`����B"ÈÏ���238 ��Q ² � ² ��B"ÈÏ���$i fw�����v»�B"ÈÏ� ø i f ø �c� ² B"ÈÏ�%�� Tv��F�Tv£¡£%IM?ANPTv�º��Q À À fw���`�%��B"ÈÏ���233 g ���c�%»�B"ÈÏ�%»$i ���c�%»�B"ÈÏ�%»$i »�� ø ��B"ÈÏ���

½pÌ�¾�¿ ² �c» À & 8ÎÇ�t s~}�{�rØ |�w {v¶~Ä 698fw s*{ : µÑÐÒÐ ±ãr 6 {ÆrÏÄ w s~} wvuiu¡t^698ew s¤{�rØÂ Ç ¶ 6§w s 8 ¶ u�¸���=�®it s~}[{ : 8Î|Ã|�t { 8ft�698fw s w ¶ | ¶«s#Ä wvu�Å ¶Æ} 698§Å�Ç r�ü¤²�³ ©;ª�«�¶ ¸lÅ�t }¼ri{�r «�¶ 8$9�: � -¼r�¶Æs]r�� ¸q­�=�®�¯ {�r 6 r�s]r�¶ | r�s¦«�¶ =a\T�¢>IMQ Ì¥��]^B�>?LIMNX@�ByÌ�j��$I���F*o

∆ = I(2) − I(0) ∆/EjÎÍ�iƳ%�Ä�ÝB��`I���o

242 ��Q ��� ² ��B"ÈÏ�%»Vi fw�����v��B"ÈÏ� ø i fª���c�%��B"ÈÏ�%�241 ��Q ���c�^�MB"ÈÏ�%»Vi ��� øVø B"ÈÏ���$i ø �c�%»�B"ÈÏ� ø240 ��Q ø �c�%��B"ÈÏ� � i fw���c�^�MB"ÈÏ�%»$i fw���c�%��B"ÈÏ���x�239 ��Q ø � � ��B"ÈÏ� � i f ø �c�^�MB"ÈÏ� � i fw���c»%»�B"ÈÏ���238 ��Q ��� ²�ø B"ÈÏ�%»Vi fª»��`�^�MB"ÈÏ���$i fw���c� � B"ÈÏ� ø� Tv��F�Tv£¡£%IM?ANPTv�¥��Q À À f ø �`�%��B"ÈÏ�%»233 g � �c� ² B"ÈÏ�%»Vi � �c� ² B"ÈÏ�%»$i »��`� ² B"ÈÏ���

½pÌ�¾�¿ ² � �¡À & 8ÎÇ�t s~}y{�r� |�w {v¶~Ä 698fw s?{ : µÑÐÒÐ ±¸r 6 {ÆryÄ w s~} w%umuxt�698fw sH{�r�Â Ç ¶ 6§w s 8 ¶ uz¸L��t s~}y{ : 8Î|Ã|�t { 8ft�698fw s w ¶ | ¶«s#Ä wvu�Å ¶Æ} 698§Å�Ç r�ü¤²�³ ©;ª�«�¶ ¸lÅ�t }i{�r «�¶ %R'�) ¸¤ä �,¯ {�r 6 r�s�r�¶ | r�sh«�¶ =N���G�Q�F�?A@ANPB<J�#7Tv��FANPG(E<@LI�®(JPB��ß´\N���FANYTv�qC(@�B��G�@LIDB�q?LI��>?1O>Qs_ tÆ¢�CbT�?Atpj7F�B\G(Bà®YI�F�B\O>Qs_ NXJ��s_.B7FA?�CYI�FrB�>]�N�fF*IMi^BZI�®(JPBdG,_.B�>?A@�B<?�B�(NX@rJPBcG(E<C(JPT�NPB£VB�>?1FAN�£UQ(JX?LI���E\G(BcG(B<Q��V#7Tv��#7B<C(?�F�G(B1@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F�@�E<i^E��E<@LIM?�B<Q(@�FG�N��,E<@�B�>?�F"�

•�aI���F\Q~��B�CbB<@�FACbB7#<?ANX]^BDG,_ Q(?ANXJXNPFLIM?ANPTv�[G,_ Q~�[#7Tv£�®(Q�FA?AN�®(JPB(å[æ�ç 6 ª wv|*8 É<��NXJA��T�Q�FKF�B£�®(JPBW#7T�t�E<@�B�>?G(BKFAQ(C(CbT�F�B<@�Jl_`IM@A@`�<?1G�QSC(@�T�i�@LI�£¡£VB�å[æ�ç[#7Tv�>]^B��?ANPTv�~��B<Jpj3Q(@LI��(NXQ~£kflC(JXQ(?�Tv�(NXQ~£qocIMQqC(JXQ�Fp?LIM@�GmuJ�IWG�IM?�BaG�Q�G(E®(Q(?dG(BKJ�ID?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�s�~a\T�Q�F1B��#ZI�G�@�Tv��FeIMJPT�@�FÔ��T�FcFL#7E�YIM@ANPT�F1CYIM@dG(B<Q��qt�¢�CbT�?Atpj7F�B7FG(Bp?A@LI7]�IMNXJ©�ZQ~��BrC(@�B£$N�j<@�Brt�¢�C�T�?Atpj7FLBpO�Q(N�FA?ANXC(Q(JPBrJl_`IM@A@`�<?�G�QDC(@�T�i�@LI�£¡£VB[å[æ�çhueJ�IdG�IM?�BcI�#<?AQ�B<JXJPB��B<?eQ~��B�G(B<Q���N�j£VBUO>Q(N©�s_.B��]�NPFLIMi^BU#7B<?\IM@A@`�<?eO�Qs_`IMQ¦G(E®(Q(?eG(BHJ�IkCbE<@ANPT�G(BaG(B�?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�s�

•ÚØ�ßhp�s�p��T�Q�FeF�Q(C(C�T�F�Tv��F\O>Q�B�J�Ik]^T�JPTv�>?�EDG(B�i>IM@�G(B<@KIMQ*£$N��(N�£UQ~£�#7Tv��FA?LI��>?�BDJ�IkC(Q(NPF�FLI���#7BUE<JPB7#�f?A@�T�izj��B�G,_.T�@ANXi�N���B���Q�#<JPEZIMNX@�B���]^T�NX@�BSG(BqJl_`IMQ(i%£VB�>?�B<@Z��B���NPFA?�B�� � B7#<NcFAQ(C(CbT�F�B%JPBq@�B��T�Q(]^B<JXJPB£VB�>?#7Tv��?AN��>QmG�QVCYIM@�#eI�#<?AQ�B<J�CYIM@�Q~�VCYIM@�#dG(Bc@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FpG(Bc?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�SG(Bà» â i^E��E<@LIM?ANPTv�s�ÆaKT�Q�F�FAQ(C(CbTMf

ø ���

F�Tv��F\#7BaCYIM@�#U#7Tv��F�?ANX?AQ�E�G(B�@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FHu$BZIMQhJPE<izj<@�BDO>Q(NsCbB<Q(]^B�>?��<?A@�BUI�F�FAN�£$NXJPE7FKu$G(B7Fd@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FG(Ba?ª¢�CbB�èpép¦��

�#Ü�×%Ú�Ù*Ý~�gä�Ú~×$Ü]Ý«×%ÚYØ�Þ�Ù × ØêÙ�Ý�ä Ö Ü]Þ>Õ§Ö × Ú6×%ÞzÜ Ö Ù�Õ§×�Õ¥Ö ÖRsB7Fpt�¢�CbT�?Atpj7F�B7FrC(@�E7#7E7G(B�>?�B7FdFAQ(C(CbT�F�B��?1IMJPT�@�FrJl_.B���NPFA?�B��#7B\G(B\?A@�T�NPF�n�I�£$NXJXJPB7F1G(B\@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F1C�B��G�I���?

J�Ik?A@LI���FANX?ANPTv�¦O�Q(N©��T�Q�FdN���?�E<@�B7F�F�B�� � B7Fd@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F\F�Tv��?Z��B�¤��T�Q�FdN���F�C(NX@LI��>?eG�Q¦#ZI�Fcn3@LI���ÜZIMNPFy�•RsB7Fe@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�F\G(BU?¥¢�C�Bm¦©èpéhG�Q¥CYIM@�#DI�#<?AQ�B<Jl��O>Q(Ns]�NPB�~��B�>?au$G(E7#<@�T�ëP?A@�Bku$CYIM@A?ANX@KG(BaJ�IVG�IM?�BDG(B�%���%�ßì�a\T�Q�FUC(@�B��G�@�Tv��FDQ~��BqG(E7#<@�T�NPF�FLI���#7BqG(Bq�*�Ä�ÝB%CYIM@DI��½u�CYIM@A?ANX@WG(BV#7B<?A?�BqG�IM?�B��;F�T�NX?DQ~�@�¢�?At~£VBKC(JXQ�Frn�IMN�®(JPBKO>Q�BH#7B<JXQ(NsI7]^B7#KJPB7O�Q�B<J,#7B7Fp@�EZI�#<?�B<Q(@�FcTv��?dE<?�EeN���F�?LIMJXJPE7F_��NXJPFcIMQ(@�Tv��?Z��C�B��G�I���?JPB<Q(@D]�NPB��s#7Tv�~��Q�Q~�¤C(@�T�JPTv�(i^B£VB�>?$G(BVJPB<Q(@UG�Q(@�E7BqG(BV]�NPB%u � �hI���FWB�H£VT�¢^B�~��B%ì8í[�?î~ï`ð�pñßïXòó ðô~ï�ñpò�õ`ð�ñ~ðöñß÷�ø�î�ò�ï�÷�õ�÷�ùv�*ð�¥�%�%�%�ßì

• ú ð°øØï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø�ýÏð¼ò�ô ó ûþzjï`ðàñ~ðà» â þzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv�s�zñ~ðÔõ¥¢«î�ð�è�ép¦��zÿÆô~÷~î~ï`ð�~�pð��õ ó ò�ï`ð ó j��zð[ý�î�ò�ï�õ�÷�ï�ñ~ð�%���%����ðõ�ñ~ùv�Æõ ó�� � ¢«î�ùvõ � j°ø`ðmð°ø`ø`ð�Æõ�÷�ð ó�ó ðið°ø�õ[ÿÆô � ÷ ó ø[øXùv��õÏü � ò�ï�þzû°ø_ð�*î�ò�ï�õ�÷�ð¡ò��zð°üyñßô"ü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð¼#í ¾ k ��� ô�ì � ùvô~ïàü°ð°øÔï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø�� ó ðÏõXò�ô�ñ~ð�õ�ïXò��pü � ð°ø[üï`û°û°ð°øÔî�ò�ï�ò����~ò�÷��pø�÷©ÿ�ôpð ó òmî~ï`ùvî]ùvï�õ�÷�ùv�ñßô�ü°¯Ïô~ï�ÿ�ô~÷�ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ðàñßô uxw ¹ ��� w%|�� É[ø`ùv��õ�ñ~ð°øØñ~ùv�~�pû°ð°ø�ñßô(ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùyý��%ò ó ÷�ñ~ðï¼ìza�ùvôpø�ü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`ùv�pøô~�pðöñßô~ï`û°ð�ñ~ð��Æ÷�ð_ñ~ð ² ��ò��pø�î�ùvô~ï[ü°ð°ø�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø¼ì

•ÚJ�ßhp�$ðõà®~÷�ð��ð�Æõ`ð�pñßô�� ó ð°ø[ü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ`ø[ñ~ð�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø�÷�øXùvþzû�pûïXò�õ`ðô~ï`ø[ñ~ð�õ¥¢«î�ðy¦©¨��lñ~ùv��õ ó�� ÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð_÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ð��bedfd�g ðõ ó òiñpò�õ`ðöñ~ð ó ðô~ï�ð�Æõ�ï`û°ðöð�*ø`ü°j�pð_ø`ùv�Æõ�ñ~ð°ø � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ð°ø�ñßô�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù~ìa�ùvôpø�î~ï`ð�pùv�pø��«ò�hp��ñ~ð[ø�÷�£¡î ó ÷�h�ðï ó ð[ïXò�÷�ø`ùv�~�pð£xð��õ��«ô~�pð[î~ô~÷�ø`øXò��pü°ð�û ó ð°üõ�ï�÷�ÿ�ôpð�ñ~ð����Ä�2î]ùvô~ï�õ`ùvôpø

ó ð°ø�ø�¢ßø�õ`j£xð°ø��~ò�÷��pø�÷�ÿ�ô � ô~���§òvüõ`ðô~ï�ñ~ðöü � ò�ï�þzð�ñ~ðö�%�z±�ì

V�� � !#" Z%$m\_^y\'&X\'(')+*

ú ð°øiø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù%ø�ÿ�ôpð ó�� ùv�Ëî~ï`û°ø`ð��õ`ðl÷�ü÷�ø`ùv�Æõxû ó ò�®�ùvï`û°ø¡ð�Ëî~ï`ð��ò���õxð�Èü°ùv£¡î~õ`ðlô~�Ë£xù«ñ~j ó ð�ÿÆô~÷Ôñ~û,�ü°ùv£¡î~õ`ð-��ýlü � òvÿ�ôpð�÷��pø�õXò���õmñ~ð ó òlõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��� ó ð°øö®~÷ ó ò��pøyñ~ð¡£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ðxî~ï`û°ø`ð�Æõ`ø¼ì ú ò�hpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ì.�¡÷ ó�ó ôpø`õ�ï`ðó ò$ñ~û£�ò�ï`ü � ð¤ø�ô~÷.�«÷�ð-��ù0/ ó�� ùv�Ëñ~û°ü°ùv£¡î~õ`ð ó ò�î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv� ñ � bedfd g ðõ ó ò�ü°ùv�pø`ùv£¡£�ò�õ�÷�ùv� ñßô?î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ð�?ü°ùv£y®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð�1"í32 k ��� ô6ñpò��pø ó ð°øöï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`øiñ~ð�õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ì�a�ùvôpø�ü°ùv�pø`÷�ñ~ûï`ùv�pø���øXð ó ùv� ó�� ÷��pø�õXò��Æõñ~ð ó ò"õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv����ñß÷.�zðï`ø`ð°ø4�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø¡î]ùvô~ï ó ð��§òvüõ`ðô~ï�ñ � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv� ñßô'ü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð$k ��� ô'ð� ü°¯Ïô~ï¼ì� ð5�fòvüõ`ðô~ï��8ÿÆôpð��pùvôpøi�pùvõ`ðï`ùv�pø

F��ð°ø`õ ó ð�ïXò�î~î]ùvï�õ¡ñ~ð ó ò$ÿÆô�ò���õ�÷�õ`û¤ñ~ðlü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�® ó ð�ñ~ð�õ¥¢«î�ð�1#í62

k ��� ô?ò�ô�ü°ùv£y®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð¡õ`ùvõXò ó ñpò��pø ó ðiï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï�� ó ðiï`ð°ø�õ`ð¡ûõXò���õyñßôHü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð�7�æ�ç ü°ùv�8�zð��õ�÷�ùv�~�pð ó ì�Ïû�hp�~÷�ïàñß÷��]ûï`ð�Æõ`ð°ø3�vò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ð

Fø�ô~÷.�%ò���õ ó ð°ø�ñß÷��©ûï`ð��õ`ð°ø�î]ûï�÷�ùÆñ~ð°øÔñ~ð ó òyõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�¤�pùvôpøÔî]ðï�£xðõ��Æî�ò�ï

ð,ßð£¡î ó ð-�Jñ � ùvî~õ�÷�£¡÷�øXðï ó ò�î~ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ùv� ñ � bedfd g ð�Ëî]ûï�÷�ùÆñ~ðlñ~ð¤ñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð�Æõ�ñ~ð°ø�¦©¨���ùvô ñ~ð�î~ï`ù�hpõ`ðïñ � ô~�pðmî ó ôpø[þ%ïXò��pñ~ðyî~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv�"ñ~ðyî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:9eð�$ü°ùv£y®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð;7�æ�ç;<,��î�ð�pñpò��Æõ ó ð°ø�î]ûï�÷�ùÆñ~ð°ø�ù0/ ó ð°ø÷�ø`ùvþzû�pûïXò�õ`ðô~ï`ø�ø`ùv��õ�ø`õXò�® ó ð°ø¼ì´[÷��pø�÷�� ó ò5�vò ó ðô~ïöñßô=�§òvüõ`ðô~ï

Fü � ò��~þzðïXò�ò�ôHü°ùvô~ï`øöñßô#õ`ð£¡îpø��©ø`ð ó ùv� ó òlø`õ�ïXò�õ`ûþ%÷�ðxñ~ðiî~ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ùv�

�¼�%»

ñ � bedfd g¸ùvôxñ � ÷��pü÷��pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv�(ñßôiî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ òvñ~ùvî~õ`û°ð%ìÆí[�xü � ðï`ü � ð�ò ó ùvï`ø ó ð°ø>�%ò ó ðô~ï`øJñ~ðFÿ�ô~÷~£�ò�ß÷�£¡÷�ø`ð�Æõ

ó�� ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðà£�ò�ß÷�£�ò ó î]ù%ø`ø�÷�® ó ðÔñ � bedfd`g¸î�ò�ï�¦©¨���ì � ùvô~ï�ô~�pð6�%ò ó ðô~ïØñ~ùv�~�pû°ðàñ � ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ð��bedfd�g?�ô~�Hø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù¤ü°ùv�pø`÷�ø�õ`ðxò ó ùvï`øöð�Hô~�pðiî~ï`ùvî]ù%ø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð¡ñß÷��©ûï`ð��õ`ð°ø��vò ó ðô~ï`øöñ~ð

FÿÆô~÷8î�ðï�£xðõyñ~ðiþ�ò�ï`ñ~ðï

ñ~ð°ø�®~÷ ó ò��pøà£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ð�ÿÆô~÷©ï`ð�pñ~ð��õ ó òmõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv�*î]ù%ø`ø�÷�® ó ð%ìa�ùvôpøöü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`ùv�pø�ô~��ñ~û°ü¼ò ó ò�þzð�ñ~ð(�¤ò��pøö�pû°ü°ð°ø`øXò�÷�ï`ð(ò�ôHï`ð,�Îï`ùv÷�ñß÷�øXø`ð£xð��õmðõyý ó ò5�§ò�®~ï�÷�ü¼ò�õ�÷�ùv�?ñßô

ü°ùv£y®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð-��ð�Æõ�ï`ð ó ð°ø�÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°øiî~ï`ùÆñßô~÷�õ`ømðõ ó ð°ø�÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°øiï`ð°ÿÆô~÷�ø���ü°ð°ü÷��pùvôpøöî]ðï�£xðõyð�6ùvô~õ�ï`ðñ~ð_î~ï`ð�pñßï`ðyð�*ü°ùv£¡î~õ`ð ó ò¡î�ò�ï�õ�ñ � bedfd g î~ï`ùÆñßô~÷�õ�î�ò�ï ó ò¡ñ~û°üï`ùv÷�ø`øÃò��pü°ðöñßô bedfd � ò~ìpa�ùvõ�ï`ð�ò���ò ó ¢ßø`ðöø`ðÏh@~ðò ó ùvï`ø��vü°ùv£¡£xðàøXü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù_ñ~ð�õ�ïXò��vò�÷ ó � ó ò'�fùvï�£xð�ñ~ð°øJü°ùvô~ï�®]ð°øØñ~ðÔî~ô~÷�ø`øXò��pü°ð�÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°ð�î�ò�ï8õª¢Æî]ð�ñ~ð�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï¼ì

Parc REP Actuel

Comb.

MOX

(U-Pu)Combustible UOX

Parc EPR 3ème G.

Combustible UOXComb.

MOX ThPu

Parc RSF 4ème G.

Combustible Th-U233

Stock Pu(MOX)

irradié 1 fois en MOX(U-Pu)

Stock Pu(UOX)

issu du combustible UOX

Stock U-233

Stock Pu(MOX)

irradié 1 fois en MOX(ThPu)

Stock Pu(UOX)

irradié 1 fois en MOX(ThPu)

A6B�C�¿ ² ì.� ÀED rÃ},� �fw s�{v¶�Â Ç ¶F� w s � ¶ u {�rx{ � G É | r�sH�¥r�} wv|,��Ê0� s]rÃ}i{ t s~}m{v¶#Ä wvu�Å ¶Æ},� �§Å�Ç riå[æ�çJIK�0LÔ¶� w ¶ |iÇ�t |�w {v¶~ÄM� �fw s#{KN O ÐÒÐFP { t sp} Ç rÃ} | É t ÄM�¥r�¶ | } Q(r t ¶ Ç É Ê8R�| ri{Ær�S Ru r Ê É�s]É |Ñt � �ew sUTKV�Ä,�ßÉ uxtmÊ É�s�É |ÑtvÇ Â w ¶ | � w ¶Æ}Ç rÃ}Ï}ÄXÉs tv|,�ew }yÄ w s~} � {�É | ÉÃ}�T

�¼� �

WJ�$ø`ùvï�õ�÷�ð�ñ � ô~�$ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù�ñ~ùv�~�pû-���pùvôpøÏò�ô~ï`ùv�pø[ûõXò�® ó ÷ ó òX�%ò ó ðô~ï�ýxü � òvÿ�ôpð�÷��pø�õXò���õ���î]ð�pñpò���õ�õ`ùvô~õ`ðó òiî]ûï�÷�ùÆñ~ð_ñ~ð_õ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv���pñ~ð°øà®~÷ ó ò��pøàñ~ðö£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ðöø�ô~÷.�%ò���õ`ø��

• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ � bedfd`g={ � }§Â w s �fÅ�Ç r• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ô�n Y[Z�{ � }¥Â w s �§Å�Ç r• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ô oJq]\ { � }¥Â w s �§Å�Ç r• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ô�n Y[ZA¶Æ}°Émò�î~ï`j°ø�î�òvøXøXò�þzðöð�"å[æ�ç^��� w%|�� É• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ôpoJq]\�¶Æ}°Émò�î~ï`j°ø�î�òvøXøXò�þzðöð�"å[æ�ç^��� w%|�� É• ú � ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ � ô~ïXò��~÷�ô~£_� w � t%Ç �pñpò��pø ó ð_ü¢«ü ó ð-�pñ~ð ó òyh ó ÷�jï`ðök � /

bedfdXg`9�{ � }§Â w s �fÅÇ r;a ¶� �áÇb� }°Éc<�ì� ò�ï[{ � }§Â w s �fÅÇ r�ùv�xø`ùvôpød�¥ð�Æõ`ð�pñ¡÷�ü÷ ó�� ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�õ`ùvõXò ó 9eñ~ðÔî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ ùvôxñ � bedfd�g�<�ÿÆô~÷��zý�ô~�¡÷��pø�õXò��Æõ

ñ~ùv�~�pû-��ð°ø�õJî~ï`�õ�ýÏ�õ�ï`ðàü � ò�ï�þzû[ð�xï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï¼ì�´[÷��pø�÷ ó òÏü°ùv��õ�ï�÷�®~ô~õ�÷�ùv�lñ~ð�£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ð�î~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�õ`ð�òÏô~�(ñ~û°ü¼ò ó ò�þzðñ~ð��_ò��pø�ò��vò��Æõ�ÿÆôpð�ü°ð ó�ó ð,�¥ü÷�ø`ùv÷�õØü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`û°ðm{ � }¥Â w s �§Å�Ç rì � ùv£¡£xð ó ð�ü°ùv�pü°ðî~õÔ¦©¨��mð°ø�õJ÷�ü÷��%î�ò�ïØñ~û�hp�~÷�õ�÷�ùv�ñßô(ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@�z÷�ø`ùvþzû�pûïXò�õ`ðô~ï�� ó�� ùv®e�ð°üõ�÷f��ùvî~õ�÷�£�ô~£ ð°ø�õ�ñ � ò�ï�ï�÷.�zðï�ý ó�� û°ü � û¼ò��pü°ð�ñ~ð ó òÏõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ü°ùv£¡î ó jõ`ðòM�zð°ü�ô~�¤÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðy��ô ó ñ � bedfd�g ñß÷�ø`î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð%ìg�hci[j µ h�kmlnkpoq�rsi�ltqj�i[uwv^lyx{znv^|�}�~FvKq@h0i�u�lnuwvnvn~

ú ð�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù�ð°ø�õØü°ùv�pø`÷�ñ~ûï`û'�%ò ó ÷�ñ~ûàø � ÷ ó î]ðï�£xðõ�ñ~ð�þ�ò�ï`ñ~ðï���î�ð�pñpò��Æõ�õ`ùvô~õ`ð ó òöñßô~ï`û°ð�ñ~ð ó òÏõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv���ñ~ð°ø¡÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ø#{ � }¥Â w s �§Å�Ç rÃ}*ñ~ðlî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£Fðõxñ � bedfdXg î]ù%ø�÷�õ�÷f�føxý$õ`ùvô~õx÷��pø�õXò���õ¼ì�a[ùvôpø�ò��zùv�pø��Jî]ùvô~ïü � òvÿÆôpð[ü¼òvø��zð°ø`øXò¼¢zû�ñ~ð'�%ò ó ÷�ñ~ðï ó ð[ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùöõ`ùvô~õ�ð�(ü � ðï`ü � ò���õàýÏ£�ò�ß÷�£¡÷�ø`ðï ó�� ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð[÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ � bedfd gî�ò�ï�¦©¨���ÿÆôpð ó ðöø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù�ûõXò�÷�õ�ü¼ò�î�ò�® ó ðöñ~ðöø�ô~î~î]ùvï�õ`ðï¼ì

� ùvô ó ÷�þ%�pùv�pøàð�ßhp� ó�� ÷�£¡î]ùvï�õXò��pü°ðöñ~ð°øÔï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø[è�ép¦$ñ~ð�õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�*ñ~ùv��õ ó ð�ï+� ó ð_ñpò��pø�ü°ð°ø�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù%øð°ø�õ��pùv�?ø`ðô ó ð£xð��õiñ~ðxî~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�ï`ð ó�� bedfd g?�©£�ò�÷�øyñ~ð�ü°ùv��õ�÷��Æôpðïxý5�eùvô~ï��~÷�ï ó ð¡î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ �pû°ü°ð°ø`øXò�÷�ï`ð(ý ó òüï`û¼ò�õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ðiå[æ�ç���� wv|,� ÉÃ}�ð��ÿ�ô�ò��Æõ�÷�õ`û°ø�ø�ô��øXò��Æõ`ð°ø¼ì � ÷ ó�� � ùvï�÷.�¼ùv�$ð���«÷�øXò�þzû_ï`ð°ø�õ`ð ó ð_ñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð��õÏñ � ô~�î�ò�ï`ü*ñ~ð � â þzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv����÷ ó �pð��§ò�ô~õxî�òvø�î]ðï`ñßï`ð�ñ~ðp�Æôpð�ÿÆôpð ó ò"ï`ûôpøXø�÷�õ`ð*ñ~ð�ü°ðõ�õ`ð*õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�'î�òvøXø`ð÷��pû��Æ÷�õXò�® ó ð£xð�Æõ_î�ò�ï ó ðyï`ð£¡î ó òvü°ð£xð��õöñ � ô~�pðyî�ò�ï�õ�÷�ðmñßô�î�ò�ï`üiòvüõ�ôpð ó î�ò�ïÏñ~ð°ø[ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`øöýxð¼ò�ô ó ûþzjï`ð%ìú ò�ïXò�î~÷�ñß÷�õ`ûmò��zð°ü ó òvÿÆôpð ó�ó ð ó ð°ø�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`øÏñ~ðöþzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv�#Ì]�Dî]ùvô~ï�ï`ùv��õ_òvø`ø�ô~£xðï ó ò¡ï`ð ó j��zðmñ~ûî�ð�pñßïXò(ðõñ~ð ó�� ùv®e�ð°üõ�÷f�Jñ~ðÏî~ô~÷�øXøXò��pü°ð_÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°ð��«÷�ø`û-�~ðõ�ñ~ð ó ðô~ï�÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmð�lh�ø`ø�÷ ó ðÏï`ð°ÿÆô~÷�ø¼ìa�ùvôpøt�fò�÷�øXùv�pø8£�ò�÷���õ`ð��ò���õ�ô~�¡î]ùv÷���õ�ø�ô~ï ó ð°ø � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ðàÿÆô � ùv�¡î~ï`ð�pñßïXòÏî]ùvô~ï ó ð°øJø�õ`ù«ü`ÍßøØñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð°ø

ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:ýiü°ùv�pø`÷�ñ~ûï`ðï�ò�ô�ñ~û®~ô~õ�ñßô*øXü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@�pø`ùv÷�õàð�m�%�-�%�ßì� ×%ÖJÝ��JÙ��ÑÞzÜ��y�ßÜU�ªÙp��Ú?���]�J×%ÖK�y�]� � � �+�[�ØÖ�Þ��]�~ÖK�����K���

WJ�p�%�%�-� ó�� ûõXò�õ�ñ~ð°ø ó ÷�ðô¤ñ~ð°øàø�õ`ù«ü`Íßøàð��î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:ûõXò�® ó ÷�î�ò�ï ó�� ´[a�����´?�c��,�Að°ø�õàñ~ðx�•

�¼�%�mõ`ùv�~�pð°ø[ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ü°ùv�Æõ`ð��ô�ñpò��pø ó ð°øàü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�® ó ð°ø�7�æ�ç�ôpø`û°ø•

� ² õ`ùv�~�pð°ø[ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£4ü°ùv��õ`ð�Æô$ñpò��pø ó ð°øàü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð°ø�å[æ�çHôpø`û°ø• � ��õ`ùv�~�pð°øxñ~ð�î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ �fr�s Êzt¼Ê É0�_ñ~ðlÿ�ô�ò ó ÷�õ`û � ô�ndY�Zpî~ï`�õ�ýp�§ò�÷�ï`ð�ô~�Èî�òvø`øXò�þzðlð� å�æ�ç�ìtWØ�ü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûïXò��ÆõJô~�pð�÷��pü÷��pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð � �z± ò�î~ï`û°ø8î�òvø`øÃò�þzð�ð��å[æ�ç��vü°ð°ü÷~û°ÿ�ô~÷.�%ò�ô~õ���ò�î~ï`j°ø8÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷ ò�õ�÷�ùv���

�¼�%�

ý�� � õ`ùv�~�pð°ø�ñ~ð � ôpoJq \Æì¡£¢�¤ u�j�¥ µ |�k§¦�¨�©;hchcª�j4l>z ¤ h�u%«Hhcq�¬§¬�k å[æ�ç®­d¯5°²± z´³�l µ |4q�z@µ�uwzKhclyx.¥�zti

WØ�Hü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûïXò���õ ó ðiî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ î~ï`ùÆñßô~÷�õöñ~ð4�%�%�-��ý��%�-�%�¶9d�-�õóvò��%<,��ü°ð°ü÷��pùvôpø_ü°ùv�pñßô~÷�õyý�î~ï`ð�pñßï`ðü°ùv£¡£xð¤÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°ølð� î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ î~ï`û°ø`ð��õ`ø�ð���%�-�%��Ô} ��w s t%|Ã|+· �¥r Ç rm |�w`Êv|�tvuiu r*å[æ�ç¸Q Ç�t { t �¥rt Ä��e¶~r ÇÎÇ r�� ó ðöü¼òvøàñ~ð_hpþ%ô~ï`ðöø�ô~÷.�%ò���õ��

•»%�%�mõ`ùv�~�pð°ø[ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ð_ÿÆô�ò ó ÷�õ`û � ô ndY�Z

•�%�mõ`ùv�~�pð°ø[ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£4ñ~ðöÿÆô�ò ó ÷�õ`û � ô�oJq]\

� ð¡ü¼òvø_ü°ùvï�ï`ð°ø`î�ùv�pñHñ~ùv�püxý�ô~�pð¡ð°ø`õ�÷�£�ò�õ�÷�ùv�Hùvî~õ�÷�£¡÷�ø�õ`ð-��ñpò��pø ó ð¡ø`ð�pø_ñ~ð ó�� ÷�£¡î]ùvï�õXò��pü°ðxñßôHø�õ`ù«ü`ÍU�ñ~ð°øàø`õ`ùÆüXÍ«ø�ð��î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:ñ~ðÏõ¥¢«î�ð � ô�ndY�Z¹�ÎïXò���º¼ò�÷�ø�ì

¡£¢�¤ u�j�¥ µ |�k=»¼¨�©;hchcª�j4l>z ¤ h�u%«Hhcq�¬§¬�k å[æ�ç®­d¯5°²± z´³�kFv½»H¾%»�¾

�_ò��pø ó�� � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ðHñ~ð ó ò ü°ùv��õ�÷���ô~÷�õ`û6ñßô0î~ï`ùvþ%ïXò�£¡£xðÈå[æ�ç ñ � ò�ô0eÑùvô~ï`ñ � � ô~÷¿eÑôpø`ÿÆô � ð�¹�%�-�%�Ë�pùvôpøî~ï`ð�pñßï`ùv�pøÏò ó ùvï`ø[ü°ùv£¡£xðyü¼òvø[ñ~ð_hpþ%ô~ï`ð_Â~r�}X} �Îu � }��¥r�ô~�*÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ðmõ`ùvõXò ó ñ~ðy»%�%�xõ`ùv�~�pð°ø[ñ~ðöî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ô~oJq \yð�m�%�-�%�iðõàô~�*÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð���ô ó ñ~ðÏî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ð_õª¢Æî]ð � ô�ndY[Z�ìa�ùvôpø�ü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`ùv�pø[ñß÷.�zðï`øàø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù%ø�÷��pø�î~÷�ï`û°ø�ñßô�ü¼òvøÀ�ÎïXò���º¼ò�÷�ø�òvüõ�ôpð ó ��ü°ð ó ô~÷�ñ � ô~�¤î�ò�ï`üöñ~ð ² �4ÁÃÂHð

ñ~ð*¦©èpé©ìJa[ùvôpø¡÷ ó�ó ôpø`õ�ï`ùv�pøxñ~ðôËøXü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù%øxñ~ð¤õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�'ý$î~ô~÷�ø`øÃò��pü°ð�ü°ùv�pø�õXò���õ`ð*ðõ¡ô~� ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùHñ~ðõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�$òM�zð°üöñ~ùvô~® ó ð£xð�Æõ�ñ~ð ó òiî~ô~÷�øXøXò��pü°ð_÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°ðöð�Æõ�ï`ð��%�-�%�¡ðõJ��¼�%�ßì�_ò��pø¡õ`ùvô~õ`ð ó ò#ø�ô~÷�õ`ð¤�pùvôpø(ñ~ùv�~�pùv�pø��Øî]ùvô~ï�ü � òvÿ�ôpð�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@�Øõ�ï`ùv÷�ø(ü¼òvøxÿ�ô~÷[ü°ùvï�ï`ð°ø�î�ùv�pñ~ð�Æõlò�ô

� ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ð°øàø�ô~ï ó ò¡��ò�õ�ô~ï`ðöðõ ó ò¡ÿÆô�ò���õ�÷�õ`ûöñßô*ø`õ`ùÆüXÍ�ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ì � ð°ø�õ�ï`ùv÷�ø[ü¼òvøàø`ùv��õy�À � ð ó ùv� ó�� � ¢«î�ùvõ � j°ø`ð£�¡ñ~ð ó�� ò�ï�ï`�õöñßô#î~ï`ùvþ%ïXò�£¡£xðÄ1"í32?�]�pùvôpøö�pðmü°ùv�pø`÷�ñ~ûï`ùv�pø�ÿÆôpð ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ùv�ñßô*î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõ¥¢«î]ð � ô�ndY[ZK�pø`ùv÷�õ�»%�%�iõ�ò�ô�ñ~û®~ô~õ�ñ~ð ó òiõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ìÀ � ð ó ùv�yü°ðõ�õ`ðØ£x�£xð � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ð-�°�pùvôpø©ï`ðþ�ò�ï`ñ~ùv�pø ó�� ò�î~î]ùvï�õAÿ�ô � ò�ô~ïXò�÷�õ�ñpò��pø ó ðJø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@� ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ùv�ñßô*î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£¸ñ~ðÏõ¥¢«î]ð � ô oJq \ �~ø`ùv÷�õ[�%�mõ[ò�ô�ñ~û®~ô~õ[ñ~ð ó òmõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ìÀ WØ�ßhp����ø`ð ó ùv� ó�� � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ðÅ�Ôñ~ð ó�� ò�ï�ï`�õ�ñßô_î~ï`ùvþ%ïXò�£¡£xðÀ1"í326ð�Æ�%�-�%��¼�pùvôpø�ï`ðþ�ò�ï`ñ~ùv�pø ó ð�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùð�*î�ò�ï�õXò���õ[ñ � ô~��ø�õ`ùÆüXÍ(ô~�~÷�ÿÆôpðöñ~ð � ô�oJq]\ ñ~ðö»%�%�¡õ`ùv�~�pð°ø¼ì�_ò��pø ó ð°ø(hpþ%ô~ï`ð°ølø�ô~÷.�vò��Æõ`ð°øl�pùvôpø�÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ùv�pø���î�ùvô~ï¤ü � òvÿÆôpð"ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùËü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`û-� ó ð°ø�÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°ø

ùv®~õ`ð�Æôpø�ø`ð ó ùv� ó ð°øØñß÷��©ûï`ð��õ`ð°øÅ�vò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ðFòvñ~ùvî~õ`û°ð°øØî]ùvô~ï ó ð°øJõ�ï`ùv÷�øØø�÷�õ�ô�ò�õ�÷�ùv�pø�ø�ôpø�£xð��õ�÷�ùv�~�pû°ð°ø�ì�a�ùvôpø

ò��zùv�pø[ñ~ûõ`ðï�£¡÷��pûmü°ð°ø'�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø[ñ~ðFð�*ü � ðï`ü � ò���õ_õ`ùvô0e�ùvô~ï`ø ó òxî ó ôpøàþ%ïXò��pñ~ðÆ�vò ó ðô~ï�ñ~ð ó�� ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð¡ð�

bedfd g î�ò�ï�¦©¨��(ÿÆô~÷��%ò ó ÷�ñ~ð ó ðöø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù~ì�¼� ²

V��]Ç È *´ÉÊÉHË "´ÌÆÍ3Î )`\'ÉS^Æ* Z ÎUÍ'Ì ÉH)ÑZ%)X\ ÌÐÏÒÑ Ó )+ÉHÉ Í'Ì Ët*¸Ë�\ Ì ÉpZ Í'Ì Z%*

a�ùvôpø�ï`ðþ�ò�ï`ñ~ùv�pø$ô~��£xù«ñ~j ó ð6ø�÷�£¡î ó ð�ñ~ð?ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù ÿÆô~÷öî~ï`ð�pñ ü°ùv£¡£xð?ñpò�õ`ð?ñ � ÷���õ�ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv� ñßôü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ�¦©¨�� ó�� ò��Ê�%�%»%�ßì ú ò6ñpò�õ`ð"ñ~ð$ñ~û®~ô~õlñ~ð°ø�¦©¨��Èï`ðî~ï`û°ø`ð�Æõ`ð$÷�ü÷�ô~� ü � ùv÷f õ�ï`j°ølùvî~õ�÷�£¡÷�ø�õ`ð"ü¼ò�ï÷ ó � � ÷���õ`ðïÔ�«÷�ð��õ�ÿ�ôpð¶�¼�#ò��pø�ò�î~ï`j°ø ó ð¤ñ~û®~ô~õxñ~ð ó ò$õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv����ý$ô~�È£xùv£xð��õ�ù0/ ó ð°øiõ�ï`ùv÷�ø¡õ¥¢«î]ð°øxñ~ðï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø[ü°ù«ð,ß÷�ø�õ`ð��õ�ð�pü°ùvï`ð%ìú � � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ð�ñ � ô~�xï`ð�pùvô@�zð ó�ó ð£xð�Æõ�ñßô¡î�ò�ï`üàòvüõ�ôpð ó î�ò�ïØñ~ð°ø�èpép¦�ñ~ðÔõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�¡h@~ð-��î�ùvô~ï ó ð°ø�ñpò�õ`ð°øñ � ÷���õ�ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv��ñßô(ü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ�¦©¨��%�Æñ~ðô�÷���õ`ðïÔ�%ò ó�ó ð°øÔùvô(ü°ð ó�ó ð°ød�¥ü÷]ø`ùv��õÔü°ù � ûï`ð��õ`ð°øàò��zð°ü�ô~�pð[õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�¤ý

î~ô~÷�ø`øXò��pü°ð[÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°ð�ü°ùv�pø�õXò���õ`ð%ì � ð°ø�÷���õ`ðïÔ�%ò ó�ó ð°ø�ñ~ð�õ`ð£¡îpø�î�ù%ø`ø`÷�® ó ð°ø�ø`ùv�Æõ��Æø`ùv÷�õ�ò��vò��Æõ3�%�%�%��«ø`ùv÷�õÔò�î~ï`j°ø�%�%�%���ü°ùv£¡£xð_�pùvôpø ó�� ð,«î ó ÷�ÿÆôpùv�pøà£�ò�÷��Æõ`ð��ò���õi�À ©6o@q�vwjÄ»H¾%Õ�¾Ö¨�ó ðÏü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ�ñ~ð � â þzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv���~÷�ü÷ ó ð°ø�¦©¨��H�~ð°ø`õ�÷��Æõ�ï`ùÆñßô~÷�õ�î�ùvô~ï6�fùvô~ï��~÷�ïÔô~�pðÏî�ò�ï�õø�÷�þ%�~÷�h�ü¼ò�õ�÷.�zð�ñ~ð ó òöî~ô~÷�ø`øXò��pü°ð�÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°ð�òM�%ò���õ ó ð�ï`ð�pùvô@�zð ó�ó ð£xð��õ�ü°ùv£¡î ó ðõÔñßôxî�ò�ï`ü[òvüõ�ôpð ó ìÆ�_ò��pøü°ðàü¼òvø�ñ~ð�hpþ%ô~ï`ð ó òÏñpò�õ`ðàñ � ÷��Æõ�ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð¿�%�%»%�Ï÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ð ó ð°ø�ü°ùv��õ�ïXò�÷���õ`ð°øÔýöò�õ�õ`ð�pñßï`ðàñ � ô~�(ñ~û®~ô~õî~ï`ùv£¡î~õ�ðõ�ø�÷�þ%�~÷�h�ü¼ò�õ�÷f��ñ~ð°øxï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø;�fùv�püõ�÷�ùv�~��ò���õlð�'ü¢«ü ó ð*k � �¥g�»��ÿ�ô~÷�ü°ùvï�ï`ð°ø`î�ùv�pñ'ý#ô~�pðî~ï`ùvî]ùvï�õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ðö�%�z±ãñßô*î�ò�ï`ü_÷��pø�õXò ó�ó ûöð�p�%�%�%�ßìÀ�× vwj�h�k=»�¾wÕ�¾�k�jÄ»�¾%ØH¾Ù¨ ø�÷ ó ð°ø�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø[ñ~ð � â þzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv��� � ùv��õàî�òvø'�fò�÷�õ ó ðô~ï[ò�î~î�ò�ï�÷�õ�÷�ùv����ùv�ø�ô~î~î]ù%ø`ðxÿÆô � ð�Ú�%�%�%�� tÔÛ sË{Ær Ê�tv| {Ær | ¶«s�r_Â�¶ � }Ã} t s�ÄÃr � s~}�� tvÇáÇ É`r�Ä w sp},� t sH�¥rM�©õ`ùvô~õ ó ð¡î�ò�ï`ü(òvüõ�ôpð óð°ø�õyï`ð£¡î ó òvü°ûxî�ò�ïmñ~ð°ø�W � �Æ�Añ � ô~�pð�ñßô~ï`û°ð�ñ~ðX�«÷�ð�ñ~ð ² �*ò��pø¼ì��_ò��pømü°ðxü¼òvømñ~ðihpþ%ô~ï`ð-��ùv�?ñ~ùv÷�õò�õ�õ`ð�pñßï`ð ó ð_ñ~û°ü ó ÷��*ñ~ðöü°ð°øàñ~ðï��~÷�ðï`ø�òM�%ò���õ[ñ � ð�ÆõXò�£xðï ó ò¡ü°ùv�pø`õ�ï�ôpüõ�÷�ùv�*ñ � ô~�pðö�pùvô@�zð ó�ó ðÏh ó ÷�jï`ð%ìÀ © ¤ h µ |p»H¾HØ%¾Ü¨ ñpò��pøÏõ`ùvôpø ó ð°ø_ü¼òvøÏñ~ðmhpþ%ô~ï`ð ó ðiî�ò�ï`ü W � � ñ~ðiõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv��ò�ô~ïXò(ü°ùv£¡£xð�pü°û�ø`ùv�ñ~û°ü ó ÷���ì ú ð°øàü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ`ø�ñ~ð � j£xð_þzû�pûïXò�õ�÷�ùv�*î]ðô@�zð��õ�ñ~ùv�pü��õ�ï`ð_÷���õ�ï`ù«ñßô~÷�õ`ø¼ì

�¼��Ý

V��]Þ ß Ë "´Ì?Í3Î )`\áà â Y Ì Z Î \_^ Ó ËAZ%)`\ Ì ^ Ó Ë�\ Ì Ët* Ñ Zäã�å�æç* Ì`�6è¿ÇJé

ú òHhpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ìê�Ëñ~ùv�~�pð ó�� ò ó�ó ô~ï`ð#ñ~ð°ø*ü°ùvô~ï�®�ð°ø¤ñ~ð$î~ô~÷�ø`øXò��pü°ð"î�ò�ï��§ò�£¡÷ ó�ó ð"ñ~ð"ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø ó ùvï`ø¤ñ~ð ó òõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�0ý#î~ô~÷�øXøXò��pü°ð�ü°ùv�pø`õXò���õ`ð"ü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`û°ð-�Ôÿ�ô � ùv� ò�î~î�ð ó�ó ð ó ð$ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù?´mì ú ò�ñpò�õ`ð$ñ~ðë�%� � ��Ôýó òvÿÆôpð ó�ó ð ó òÏõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv�Ä�zðï`ø�ô~��î�ò�ï`ü�ü°ùv�pø`õ�÷�õ�ôpû�ð��õ�÷�jï`ð£xð�Æõàñ~ð[¦©¨��¡ñ~ùv÷�õ��õ�ï`ð[òvøXø�ô~ï`û°ð-��ð°ø�õ�÷�ü÷ph@~û°ð�î�ò�ïó òiñßô~ï`û°ðöñ~ð��Æ÷�ð_ñ~ð°ø�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø[ñ~ð_õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv���pøXùv÷�õ ² �xò��pø¼ì

A6B�C�¿ ² ìê� À V�ÄÃÉ�s tv|,�ew�ìÒí }ÄXÉ�s tv|��fw {�rÄ� |Ñt s~} � � �ew s¼Q¡Â�¶ � }X} t s�ÄXr(Ä w sp},� t sH�¥r_ w ¶ | ¶«s* tv| Ä�{Ær5î�ï DXð r� s~},� t%ÇáÇ ÉÃ}�r�� � sH� |�w {v¶~ÄM� �fw sH{v¶�Ä w s�ÄXr¥Âw��ñJVòóQ Ç�t { t �¥ry{�r�ôFï0S�õ�T

a�ùvôpø¡ü°ùv£¡£xð��õ`ùv�pø(ð�Èñ~ûõXò�÷ ó ü°ð¤ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùHò�hp�Èñ � ÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ðï ó ð�ïXò�÷�ø`ùv�~�pð£xð��õ(ÿ�ô~÷�î]ðô~õ¡ø � ûõ`ð�pñßï`ðò�ô¤ò�ô~õ�ï`ð°ø�ð,ßð£¡î ó ð°ø�ÿÆô~÷©ø�ô~÷.�Æï`ùv�Æõ��~ðõÔî�ùvô~ï ó ð°ø`ÿÆôpð ó øÔùv�¤�pðÏñ~ùv�~�pðïXòiÿ�ôpð ó ð°øÔï`û°ø�ô ó õXò�õ`ø��~ð�lï`ð�8�zù¼¢�ò���õó ð°ø�hpþ%ô~ï`ð°øöü°ùvï�ï`ð°ø`î�ùv�pñpò��Æõ`ð°øyý ó ò(hp�#ñ~ð¡ü°ð¡ü � ò�î~÷�õ�ï`ð-��ü°ð°ü÷�ò�hp�Hñ~ðm�pðiî�òvø_ð�pü°ùv£�®~ï`ðï ó ò ó ð°üõ�ô~ï`ð¡ñ~ð°øü°ùv�pü ó ôpø�÷�ùv�pø[ø�÷�£¡î ó ð°øàÿÆô � ÷ ó �fò�ô~õ�õ�÷�ï`ðï�ñ~ð_ü°ð°ø�÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ïXò�õ�÷�ùv�pø¼ì� ÝöH�ØÜ]Þ��¥Ö�÷ �Àø"×��¥�]�ªÙ�Ü�×��¥ÖK�Ê�Å�DÙ�×%Ö8Ý��ÊùÄ�yú+û ü�Ú~×p�¿���Å�ý� �Kþ�ÚH��×vÜ��¥ÞzÚ§�]�y�f×��§Ü©�3��Ú½ÿ����È×%ÖK�y�ØÚ�Ù��Ü�Þ�����E�ØÚÊÿ� �¸Úú òyhpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ìc»iñ~ùv�~�pð-�~î]ùvô~ï ó ðöø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù¡´?� ó�� û��zù ó ô~õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð°ø�÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°ø�ñß÷�ø�î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð°ø�ñ~ðÏî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£

ðõ�ñ � bedfd�gmì � ô~ï ó òihpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ìc»ßì ®$ø`ùv�Æõ�ï`ðî~ï`û°ø`ð�Æõ`û°ð°ø ó ð°ø[ñß÷.�zðï`øXð°ø¿�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø[ñßôp�fòvüõ`ðô~ïFøXùvôpø ó òxî�ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð

ù0/�ü°ðõ�õ`ð��%ò ó ðô~ï�ñ~ð��6÷���õ`ðïÔ�«÷�ð��õ¼ì�¼�%�

� ðõJð,~ð£¡î ó ð�÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ð�ÿÆô � ô~�m÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð[ñ~ð��%ì � 9 �ßìc»%��<�õ`ùv�~�pð°øJî�ò�ï�¦©¨��öî�ðô~õØ�õ�ï`ðÔï`ð�pñßôxü°ùv£¡î�ò�õ�÷�® ó ðòM�zð°ümü°ð�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù(ð�*ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò��ÆõÏ» ² ± 9f�%�z±X<�ñ~ð�î�ò�ï�õ�÷�ü÷�î�ò�õ�÷�ùv�"ñßô$ü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð?1#í62 k ��� ô"ü � ò�ï�þzûmð�ü°¯Ïô~ï�ñ~ð°ø�W � ��ø�� ó ùvï`ø`ÿÆôpð¡ü°ðôF�¥ü÷Øü°ùv�~��ò�÷�ø`ø`ð��õ ó ðô~ïöñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð��õ���ñ~ð;�%�-�%�¤ý£�%�%»%�ßì � ðõ�õ`ð �%ò ó ðô~ï�ñ~ð» ² ±Cî]ùvô~ï ó ð;�§òvüõ`ðô~ï

Fð°ø�õ�ü°ð ó�ó ð�ÿ�ô~÷Ôò��~��ô ó ð ó�� ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð¤ñ � bedfd g=ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð(ð�Ö�%�%�%��Aü��Îð°ø�õd�ªý��¥ñß÷�ï`ð

ó ùvï`ø`ÿÆô � ùv��ò�ï�ï�÷.�zð�ò�ô�î~ï`ð£¡÷�ðïàî�ò ó ÷�ðï�ñ~ð°ø[¦©¨���ì� kÖ»�¾wÕ�¾��½»H¾HØH¾¹¨Jó ð¡�pùv£y®~ï`ð(ñ~ðl¦©¨��$÷��pø�õXò ó�ó û°øyð°ø�õyü°ùv�pø`õXò���õyðõmùv�?òvü°üô~£�ô ó ð ó�� bedfd g î~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�õ

ð��1"í32Sk ��� ô��~ð��ò�õ�õ`ð�pñpò��Æõàô~�pð��pùvô@�zð ó�ó ð_î � òvø`ðÏñ~ðÏñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð��õ�ñ~ðö¦©¨���ì~g[�pðJ�eùv÷�øÔÿÆô � ô~��¦©¨���ð°ø�õñ~û£�ò�ï�ï`û-��÷ ó � � ò�î ó ôpø_®]ð°ø`ùv÷��HÿÆô � ùv� ó�� ò ó ÷�£xð��õ`ðxð��bedfd`g?��î~ô~÷�ø`ÿÆô � ùv�Hø�ô~î~î�ù%øXð¡ÿ�ô � ÷ ó ð°ø�õÏ÷�ø`ùvþzû�pûïXò�õ`ðô~ï¼ì� ð�pñpò��Æõöü°ðõ�õ`ð�î]ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð-� ó òxü°ùv�Æõ�ïXò�÷���õ`ðiî~ï�÷��pü÷�î�ò ó ðið°ø�õ�ñ~ðöþ�ò�ï`ñ~ðï�ô~�*÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð¡ñ~ðöî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£Cñß÷�ø�î]ùc��~÷�® ó ð�î]ù%ø�÷�õ�÷f�Ô�~õ`ùvô~õ[ð��ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò���õ ó òxÿÆô�ò���õ�÷�õ`ûmø�ô��øXò��Æõ`ð�ð�ë1"í32 k ��� ô$ò�hp�"ñ~ð_î~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�ï`ð ó ò�ÿ�ô�ò��Æõ�÷�õ`ûñ � bedfd g �pû°ü°ð°øXøXò�÷�ï`ðöýiòvø`ø�ô~ï`ðï ó òmñ~ðô«÷�j£xðÏî � òvø`ðÏñ~ð_ñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð�Æõ�ñ~ð°ø�¦©¨���ì � ð°ü÷]�pðÏî�ðô~õ��õ�ï`ðÏùv®~õ`ð��ôð�*þ�ò�ï`ñpò��Æõ ó ð_£x�£xðyõXò�ô�ñ � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�

F�pÿ�ô � ùv�$ð°ø�õ3�fùvï`ü°ûöñ~ðöï`û°ñßô~÷�ï`ðmý��¼�z±á9d��Ý%±X<àî]ð�pñpò���õ[ü°ðõ�õ`ð

î�ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð_î]ùvô~ïàÿ�ôpð ó ð°ø�÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ø[ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:ðõàñ � bedfd`g ñß÷�ø�î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð°øàï`ð°ø�õ`ð��õ[î�ù%ø�÷�õ�÷f�fø¼ì� kp»H¾HØH¾ �¶»�¾��%ÕÚ¨ ùv�lï`ð ó ò��pü°ð ó òiü°ùv�pø�õ�ï�ôpüõ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð°ø�¦©¨��(ðõ�ùv�lî�òvø`ø`ð_ýyô~�pðJ�%ò ó ðô~ïàñ~ð

Fñ~ð����±

9d� � ±X<öÿÆô~÷Øî]ðï�£xðõ�ñ � ò�ô~þ%£xð��õ`ðï ó òlî~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv�Ëñ � bedfd`gRî]ð�pñpò���õ ó ò¤ñ~ðï��~÷�jï`ð(ï`ð£xùv��õ`û°ð�ñ~ð°øm¦©¨��"ð�£¡÷��~÷�£¡÷�øXò���õ ó ð�î ó ôpø�î�ù%øXø�÷�® ó ð ó�� ÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ~ð�î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£4ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð_ï`ð°ø�õXò��Æõ�ý ó òöhp��ñ~ð ó òmõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv��ìgÆ¥Kuwi��Ùltk�|4oq�r�kFzKhc|4l>z��]q@}�j�k8znh

F

í[�lî]ðô~õ�®~÷�ð�¤ð�Æõ`ð�pñßô��pð�lî~ï`ð��ò���õ�ñ � ò�ô~õ�ï`ð°ø6�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ðFýmñ � ò�ô~õ�ï`ð°ø�î]ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð°ø�ñ~ð ó òyõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv���

ï`ðõ�ï`ùvô@�zðï�ñ � ò�ô~õ�ï`ð°ølü°ùv�ßhpþ%ô~ïXò�õ�÷�ùv�pølÿÆô~÷'�vò ó ÷�ñ~ðïXò�÷�ð�Æõ¤ü°ð¤£x�£xð�øXü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù~ì�kAùvô~õ`ð,�fùv÷�ø���õ`ùvô~õ`ð*ø`ûï�÷�ð�ñ~ð�vò ó ðô~ï`øyñ~ð

FÿÆô~÷�ò��~��ô ó ð ó�� ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð�ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ðxñ � bedfd`g=ýlñ~ð°ø�ñpò�õ`ð°øöü ó û°øyñ~ð ó òlõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv����ü � ð°ø`õyý

ñß÷�ï`ð�ò�ô(ñ~û®~ô~õ�ñßôxî~ï`ð£¡÷�ðïÔñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð£xð��õ�9Î÷�ü÷�ð�5�%�%»%��<Jðõ�ð�¡hp�(ñ~ð�õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�¶9Î÷�ü÷�ð�Ä�%� � ��<,�Æî�ðô~õ��õ�ï`ðü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`û°ðÔü°ùv£¡£xð�ùvî~õ�÷�£¡÷�øÃò���õ ó�� ÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ � bedfd g4} � r ÇáÇ r u � s �áu � }°r t ¶Æ}X} ��Ç rAÂ Ç ¶�}A w }X} �fÅÇ r Ç N � s · r�sH� t0�Î| r{�r_Â Ç ¶F� w s � ¶ u { � }§Â w s �fÅÇ r5Q Ç�t { t �¥r w��#Ç�t � |�t s~} � � �fw s rÃ},� t Ä,�ßr · É`rìJí[�?ò�ô~ïXò¤ñpò��pøyü°ð¡ü¼òvøöî~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�õ�ðõô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`û ó ð_î ó ôpø�ñ � bedfd g î]ù%ø`ø�÷�® ó ð%ì� � ð°ø�õ�ü°ðàÿ�ôpðà�pùvôpø�ò��zùv�pø�ð°ø`øÃò°¢zûàñ~ð'�fò�÷�ï`ð�÷�ü÷��zõ`ùvô~õ�ð�;�zð÷ ó�ó ò��Æõ�ýö�pð�î�òvø�ò��zùv÷�ï�ñ~ðàþ%ïXò��pñ~ð°ø�ñß÷�ø`ü°ùv�Æõ�÷f�

��ô~÷�õ`û°ø�ñpò��pø ó ð°ø��%ò ó ðô~ï`øØñ~ðFñ � ô~�pðàî�ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð�ý ó�� ò�ô~õ�ï`ð��vô~�(ü¼òvøØù0/ ó�� ùv�xî�òvø`øXðïXò�÷�õ�ñ~ð � �z±Dñ � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�ñßô;1#í62 k ��� ô(ý ��± ø`ðïXò�÷�õUeÑô~þzûÔî�ðô¡÷��Æõ`ûï`ð°ø`øXò���õ�ø�÷pùv�¡î�ðô~õJùv®~õ`ð�~÷�ï ó ðÔ£x�£xðàï`û°ø�ô ó õXò�õØð�¡� � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò���õ

ÿ�ô � ô~�pðÆ�%ò ó ðô~ï�ñ � ð�8�Æ÷�ï`ùv� � �z±5��î�ò�ï[ð,~ð£¡î ó ð-���pðyø`ðïXò�÷�õd�¥ü°ð,�¥ÿÆôpðyî�ùvô~ïÏñ~ð°ø�ïXò�÷�øXùv�pø�ñ~ð��pô�ñ~ðy£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ðñpò��pø ó ð°ø�ôpø`÷��pð°øàñ~ð��§ò�®~ï�÷�ü¼ò�õ�÷�ùv�*ñ~ð°ø'1#í62êk ��� ô�ì

� ùvô ó ÷�þ%�pùv�pø�ÿÆôpð�ü°ðõ�õ`ð�ï`ð°ü � ðï`ü � ð_ñ~ð¿�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ðF

�«ÿ�ô~÷�£�ò�ß÷�£¡÷�ø`ð��õ ó�� ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð_ð�¤bedfd`gBî�ò�ï�¦©¨��%�ü°ùv�pñßô~÷�õ�ý�ñ~ð°ø�®~÷ ó ò��pøÏñ~ðyî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ ðõ�ñ � bedfd g.ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð°ø_ÿ�ô~÷8ø`ùv�Æõ[õ�ï`j°ø�õ`ð�pñßôpøöý(ü°ðï�õXò�÷��pð°ø_ñpò�õ`ð°øðõ_ø`ùv��õ_ð�"ü°ùv�pø`û°ÿ�ôpð�pü°ðiî�ò�ï�õ�÷�üô ó ÷�jï`ð£xð�Æõ�ø`ð�pø�÷�® ó ð°ø_ò�ô$õ`ð£¡îpø�ñ � ò�õ�õ`ð�Æõ`ðxð��õ�ï`ð ó ò�ø`ûî�ò�ïXò�õ�÷�ùv�#ðõ ó ò�fò�®~ï�÷�ü¼ò�õ�÷�ùv��ñ~ð°ø�ü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�® ó ð°ø¼ì ú ð�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ùmî~ï`û°ø`ð��õ`û_ý ó ò_hpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ìc»�î�ðï�£xðõ�ñ~ðJ�vò ó ÷�ñ~ðï�ô~�(÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðñ~ðm�%ì � 9 �ßìc»%�*î�ùvô~ï ó ð(ü¼òvøm� w Âw� �áu � },�¥r0��<öõ`ùv�~�pð°ømî�ò�©¨��#ñ~ðë��ÁÃÂHð-��ü°ð(ÿ�ô~÷Ôð°ø�õmü°ùv£¡î�ò�õ�÷�® ó ðlò��zð°ü ó ð°ø

�¼� �

ü°ùv�pü°ðî~õ`øϦ©¨���ý¡ø�î]ð°üõ�ï`ðÏõ � ðï�£¡÷�ÿ�ôpð%ì´ ó ò_hp�(ñ~ð ó ò_õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv����÷ ó �fò�ôpñßïXòö®~÷�ð�(ð�Æõ`ð�pñßô�þzûï`ðï ó ðàî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ãÿ�ô~÷]ò�ô~ïXòöü°ùv�~�Æô(ô~�(î�òvø`øXò�þzð

ð��1#í62ãk ��� ô�ì � ô~ï�ü°ðõöð,~ð£¡î ó ð-��ùv�?òlð�8�Æ÷�ï`ùv� ��² �¶9 ��Ý0��<�õ`ùv�~�pð°ø�ñ~ðiî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ ÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�ûxð�Hü°ùv£ �®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ð;1"í32 k ��� ôËý ó ò�hp�Hñ~ð ó ò�õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ì�Ì ó ø � ò�þ%÷�õ���ð�#î ó ôpø���ñ~ð¡î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ ø`ûî�ò�ï`û-�©î~ô~÷�ø`ÿÆô � ÷ óò�ô~ïXòX�fò ó�ó ô"ð,«õ�ïXò�÷�ï`ð ó�� bedfd�g.ñ~ð°ø�ü°ùv£�®~ôpø�õ�÷�® ó ðX1#í62 k ��� ô$÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�û°ø¼ì � ò�ïöò�÷ ó�ó ðô~ï`ø�÷ ó ð°ø`õ�î~ï`ùv®�ò�® ó ð£xð��õý*ü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûï`ðï¡ü°ùv£¡£xð�ñ~û°ü � ðõiî~ô~÷�ø`ÿ�ôpð ó�� � ¢«î]ùvõ � j°ø`ð-�8ñpò��pømü°ð(ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@�8ð°ø�õiÿ�ô � ý*ü°ðõ�õ`ð�ñpò�õ`ð(õ`ùvôpø ó ð°øï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`øÏý¡ð¼ò�ô���ù0/ ó�� ùv�*î]ùvô~ï�ïXò�÷�õ ó ð_ï`ð°ü¢ßü ó ðï���ò�ô~ï`ùv�Æõ�ñß÷�ø�î�ò�ï�ô�ì � ð°ü÷Aü°ùv�pø�õ�÷�õ�ôpð�ô~�*î]ùv÷���õ[ñ~û ó ÷�ü¼ò�õ�ø�ô~ïñ~ð°ø�üï�÷�õ`jï`ð°øÏñ~ð�î~ï`ù ó ÷f�fûïXò�õ�÷�ùv��ì � ùvô ó ÷�þ%�pùv�pøÏõ`ùvô~õ`ð,�eùv÷�ø 9eü%ì ��õXò�® ó ð¼ò�ô$�ßìc»�ý(�ßìc��<�ÿÆôpð ó ðyî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£���ÿÆôpðü°ð�ø`ùv÷�õ�ñßô(õª¢Æî]ð � ô�ndY�Z ùvô � ôpoJq \Å�ßò�î~ï`j°ø ó ð�î�òvø`øXò�þzðÏð��1"í32Sk ��� ô�òyô~�5�zð°üõ`ðô~ï�÷�ø`ùvõ`ùvî~÷�ÿ�ôpðÏù0/ ó ðb �"! � ô ð°ø�õàñpò��pø�õ`ùvôpø ó ð°øàü¼òvøà£�ò�eÑùvï�÷�õXò�÷�ï`ð-�pü°ð_ÿÆô~÷©ï`ð�pñ ó òÆ�§ò�®~ï�÷�ü¼ò�õ�÷�ùv�*ñ � ô~�pð�ò�ï�£xðöñ~ð�h�øXø�÷�ùv�*ýmî�ò�ï�õ�÷�ïñ~ð_ü°ð_õª¢Æî]ð_ñ~ðÏî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£4õ�ï`j°ø[ñß÷f��ü÷ ó ð-�pø�÷��pùv��÷�£¡î]ù%ø`ø�÷�® ó ð%ì� ÝöH�ØÜ]Þ��¥Ö½÷ �Àø"×��ª�]�¥Ù�Ü�×��§ÖK�¹�Å�êÙ�×%Ö8Ý��óùÄ�yú+û ü$# ù5��%'&)(a�ùvôpø_ð°ø`øXò¼¢zùv�pøÏ£�ò�÷���õ`ð��ò��Æõmñ~ð?�zùv÷�ï��©ø�ô~ï_ü°ði£x�£xð¡ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù@� ó ðiþ�ò�÷��Hð�#î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv�Hñ � bedfd gRÿÆôpð

î]ðï�£xðõ�õ�ïXò�÷�õ ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�$ñßô�ø�õ`ùÆüXÍ�ñ~ðy�%�iõàñ~ð � ô oJq \ ìú ò¤hpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ì � ñ~ùv�~�pð ó�� ò ó�ó ô~ï`ð�ñ~ð°øyü°ùvô~ï�®]ð°øiñ � ÷����zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°ø�ñß÷�ø�î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð°ømðõmô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`û°øyð�Ëü°ùv�pø�÷�ñ~ûïXò��Æõó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�¤ñ~ð�ü°ðÏø�õ`ùÆüXÍ(ý�õXò�ô(ñ � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�

Fñ~ð ² ± 9d�¼�z±X<�ð��ü°¯Ïô~ïÔî]ð�pñpò���õ ó ð°ø�î~ï`ð£¡÷�ðï`ø��¼�mò��pø

ñ~ð ó ò(õ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv��ì � ðõ�õ`ð?�vò ó ðô~ï_ñ~ðFî�ùvô~ï ó ð � ôpoJq \Lð°ø`õ�ü°ð ó�ó ð¡ÿÆô~÷�î]ðï�£xðõ_ñ~ðÆ�fò�÷�ï`ðmô~�"î�òvø`øXò�þzðið�

1#í62Lk ��� ô?î�ùvô~ï ó ò¤õ`ùvõXò ó ÷�õ`û�ñßô6ø�õ`ù«ü`Í#ñ~ð;�%�-�%�*ým�%�%»%��ð�§1#í62 k ��� ô�ì��_ò��pø�ü°ðõmð,ßð£¡î ó ð��pùvôpøò��zùv�pø�ü°ùv�pø`÷�ñ~ûï`û[ÿÆô � ùv��ü°ùv£¡£xð�pü°ð�î�ò�ï�ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ðï�õ`ùvô~õ ó ð�ø�õ`ù«ü`Íxñ~ð � ô oJq \ ø`ûî�ò�ï`û[ðõ�ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð-�ßò��vò��ÆõÿÆô � ÷ ó �pðX�«÷�ð÷ ó�ó ÷�ø`ø`ðxð�pü°ùvï`ð�î ó ôpøöðõöî]ðï`ñ~ðxñ~ðxøXò¤ÿÆô�ò ó ÷�õ`û¡�pðô~õ�ï`ùv�~÷�ÿÆôpð%ìAa�ùvôpøöô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ùv�pømò ó ùvï`ø�ÿÆôpðx»%�z±9f»%�z±X<[ñ~ð � ôpndY�Z ý(ü°ðõ�õ`ði£x�£xðiî]ûï�÷�ù«ñ~ð-��ü°ðiÿÆô~÷8ï`ð��Æ÷�ð�Æõ�ý�ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXðï�» ² ±_9f�%�z±X<�ñ~ð 1#í62ãk ��� ôHð�ü°¯Ïô~ïÃW � ��ì�´Dî�ò�ï�õ�÷�ïÏñ~ðÆ�%�%»%�(ùv�*� � ò�î ó ôpø[ñ~ðyø�õ`ùÆüXÍ�ñ~ð � ô~oJq \ãñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ðmðõ[ùv��øXðöï`ðõ�ï`ùvô@�zð¡ò ó ùvï`øñpò��pø�ô~�pðyø�÷�õ�ô�ò�õ�÷�ùv�$ø�÷�£¡÷ ó ò�÷�ï`ðiý ó ò¡î~ï`û°ü°ð°ñ~ð�Æõ`ð%ì©í[��ï`ðõ�ï`ùvô@�zð�î�ò�ï ó ò¡ø�ô~÷�õ`ðyñ~ð°ø¿�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø�ø`ð£�® ó ò�® ó ð°øÏñ~ðF

��ñ~ð;���z±_9d��Ý%±X<àð�Æõ�ï`ð?�%�%�%�(ðõÃ�%�%�%���ðõ�ñ~ð?�%�z± 9 �%�z±X<�ð��õ�ï`ð �%�%�%�(ðõÃ�%� � �ßì � ð°ø¿�%ò ó ðô~ï`øÃ�vò ó ÷�ñ~ð�Æõô~�¤÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ � bedfd`g î�ò�ï[¦©¨���ñ~ð4�%ì � ��9 �ßì � ��<�õ`ùv�~�pð°ø�ìú ðØþ�ò�÷��ið�y÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð�÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ � bedfd gãî�ò�ïJ¦©¨��Ïþ%ïXºvü°ðÔý ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�¡ñßôyø`õ`ùÆüXÍöñ~ð � ô~oJq]\�ð°ø�õ�ñpò��pø8ü°ðõ

ð,~ð£¡î ó ð�ñ~ðàøXðô ó ð£xð��õ��%�_Í«þÄ9d�¼�%�_Í«þ8<8ñ � bedfd`gÆ��ÿÆô~÷pî�òvø`ø`ðàñ~ð��-� � õ�ý4�-� � ��õ�9eñ~ð¿��c»%��õ�ýÆ�� � ��õ�<�ì+* kÄ«%q�i�vkFv-,/./. ¯ vnk�|�kF¬10tr�k ¤ q@|'j�h µ | ¤ k�h�j�isvKkFvwj32ltq�vn|'}�kÆj ¢�¤ kÆlnk?|�}�~FvKq@h0i�u425�]q@}�k6�4r x{i�vwowk�|Mj�i�|�|�k8¬�kFvwj7 znkphck ¤ h�~8|�k8vwj�k8h�q�i[jÄr�kmh�k�j�h�q�i[j�k8¬§k8vwj;ltk�|Ä}�u%¬10>zK|�j�i�0>r�k�|98;:=< i[hchcq@lti�~�| ¤ u%znh;k8v�k��j�hcq�i�h�kr x{isvwo%k8vwj�q�i�hck�ltk ± z %'&>( i�}�iÅ}�u%vn|�i�ln~8h�~@?

� ÝöH�ØÜ]Þ��¥Ö½÷ �Àø"×��ª�]�¥Ù�Ü�×��§ÖK�¹�'���y�êÙ�×%ÖJÝ��®�Å�y�BA>�ØÚÙ�ØÚÙùÄ�C%'&>(í[�yø�ô~î~î�ù%øXðJ£�ò�÷���õ`ð��ò��Æõ�ÿÆôpð ó�� ùv���pð�ñß÷�ø�î�ù%øXðØÿ�ôpð�ñ � ô~��ø�õ`ù«ü`Í_ñ~ðJî ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£Dð�Æ�%�-�%�àñ~ð�»%�%��õ`ùv�~�pð°ø

ÿÆô~÷�ð°ø�õàð��õ�÷�jï`ð£xð�Æõ�ñ~ðÏõª¢Æî]ð � ô~oJq \y�~ðõ�ñ~ùv�pü�ÿ�ôpðÏî]ùvô~ïàü°ùv�pø�õ�÷�õ�ôpðï[ü°ð_ø`õ`ùÆüXÍ�ùv�*ò¡ñßô¤ï`ðõ�ïXò�÷�õ`ðï[õ`ùvôpø� ² �

ó ð°ø'1#í62ç9eg'� � ô%<�÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�û°ø�ì ú òmhpþ%ô~ï`ð ² ìc�iñ~ùv�~�pð-�pü°ùv£¡£xðÏî~ï`û°ü°û°ñ~𣡣xð�Æõ�� ó ð°øÔ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð°ø�ñ~ðÏ£�ò�õ�÷�jï`ðñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð�ñpò��pø�ü°ð¤ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù~ì ú � ÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð$ñ~ð¶�%ìc��õë9d�%ìc�%��õ�<mî�ò�ï�¦©¨��§�%ò ó ÷�ñ~û�ñpò��pøxü°ð�ü¼òvø�ñ~ð�hpþ%ô~ï`ðï`ð°ø�õ`ð¡õ`ùvô~õ`ð,�fùv÷�ø�ø�ô~î]ûï�÷�ðô~ïöðõ�ñ~ùv�püxü°ùv£¡î�ò�õ�÷�® ó ð�òM�zð°ü ó ò5�%ò ó ðô~ï�ñ~ð��iõ`ùv�~�pðxî�ò�ïm¦©¨���ì � ð¡ü¼òvø_÷ ó�ó ôpø`õ�ï`ðü°ðî�ð�pñpò��Æõ ó ð��§ò�÷�õlÿ�ôpð$ü°ùv��õ�÷��Æôpðï ó ð*î~ï`ùvþ%ïXò�£¡£xð¶1#í62Ð9eg¿� � ô%<�eÑôpø`ÿ�ô � ð�Ê�%�-�%���pð*î]ðô~õ��õ�ï`ð"ÿÆôpðî�û��ò ó ÷�øÃò���õ�ñßô"î]ùv÷���õöñ~ð �«ôpðmñ~ð ó ò�î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ùv�Hñ � bedfd`g4� ó�� ÷��8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðx£�ò�ß÷�£�ò ó ñ � bedfd`gFð�H¦©¨���ü � ô~õ`ðñ~ðX�%ì � �¡ý��%ìc�yõ`ùv�~�pð°ø�9eñ~ð��ßìc»%�¡ý5�%ìc�%��<,�pø`ùv÷�õ�ð���«÷�ï`ùv�m�%�z± ñ~ð�£xùv÷��pø�î�ò�ï�ïXò�î~î]ùvï�õ�ò�ô�ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù¡ù0/ ó�� ùv�ñß÷�ø�î]ù%ø`ð[ñ � ô~�lø�õ`ù«ü`Íx÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð � ô�n Y[Z�ì ¬ ÷�ð��ð�Æõ`ð�pñßô ó òöõ�ïXò��pø`÷�õ�÷�ùv�(�pð�ï`ð°ø�õ`ð[î�ù%øXø�÷�® ó ð�ÿÆôpð�î�ò�ï`ü°ðÏÿÆô � ùv�ï`ûþzû�pjï`ðxòvø`ø`ð��mïXò�î~÷�ñ~ð£xð��õöô~�"ø�õ`ù«ü`Í�÷�£¡î�ùvï�õXò��ÆõÏñ~ð � ô�ndY[Z ð�"øXùvï�õ�÷�ðyñ~ð°ø�W � �Æ�]ÿ�ô~÷8ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ð�Æõ_ò�ôpøXø�÷ñßô*ü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�® ó ð?7�æ�ç ìú ðxõXò�® ó ð¼ò�ô ² ìc�¤ñ~ùv�~�pð ó ð°ø_÷����zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ømñ~ð°øyñß÷.�zðï`øöõª¢Æî]ð°ø�ñ~ð¡î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£ ðõ�ñ � bedfd g2ý ó ò�hp�?ñ~ð ó òõ�ïXò��pø�÷�õ�÷�ùv�*î]ùvô~ï ó ð°ø�õ�ï`ùv÷�ø � ¢Æî]ùvõ � j°ø`ð°øàñ~ð�ø�õ`ùÆüXÍ(÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò�ô¤ñ~ð_î ó ô~õ`ùv�~÷�ô~£:ñpò��pøàü°ð_ø`ü°û��ò�ï�÷�ù~ì ú ðöõXò�® ó ð¼ò�ô² ì ² ï`ð°ñ~ùv�~�pðmü°ð°øÏÿÆô�ò���õ�÷�õ`û°ø_ñpò��pøÏî]ùvô~ï ó ðmü¼òvø w Âw� �Îu � }��¥riÿ�ô~÷�£�ò�ß÷�£¡÷�ø`ð ó ðmõXò�ô�ñ~ðmü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�ùv�#õ`ùvõXò óñßô*ü°ùv£�®~ôpø`õ�÷�® ó ð%ìg[õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ùv�*ñ � ô~��ø�õ`ùÆüXÍ(÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ðx� � ôpndY[Z4D d"!"! EGF � ô�ndY�Z�D d"!"! EHF4I � ôpoJq]\KJHL/MON P � ô~oJq]\$D d"!"! EGF̪���zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ð bedfd g_³¡¦©¨�� �%ì � �iõ �%ì � ��õ �%ìc�%��õ1"òvø`ø`ð_ñ � bedfd gQDSRUT"VUWYX Z\[G]^[�X Z\_Y`

/bedfdba F �-� � õ �-��Ý�õ � ��õ̪���zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ðyñ~ð � ô�ndY�Z�DcT"dUegfhW3dUT"WgWgT"i"Z5ZhV�jlk�mn_Y`Uo n F ��² ��õ � Ýv��õ »%�%��õ

̪���zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ðyñ~ð � ô oJq]\ DcT"dUegfhW3dUT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`Uo n F ��õ ² ��õ �%�%��õ̪���zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ðyñ~ð � ô ndY�Z ñß÷�ø�î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð �¼� � �%��õ̪���zð�ÆõXò�÷�ï`ðyñ~ð � ô oJq]\ ñß÷�ø�î�ùv�~÷�® ó ð �%��õ ��õ ��õ½$q�¾�¿ ² ìc� À V�ÄXÉs tv|,�ew=ì_ísr s · rsH� t0�Î| rÃ}*{�r5L�¶'r�� O ÐÒÐ P { t sp} Ç r�ÄÁzÄ Ç r"r���� w%| }�ÄÁzÄ Ç rmQ Ç�t4Û s {�r Ç�t� |Ñt s~} � � �ew swT

g�õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ùv�*ñ � ô~�*ø�õ`ù«ü`Í�÷��~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð¡� � ôpndY[Z4D d"!"! EGF � ô�ndY[Z4D d"!"! EGF4I � ôpoJq \�DSt ! EHF � ô�oJq]\�D d"!"! EGFÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ðmbedfd�gϳ%¦©¨�� �ßìc»%��õ �ßì � ��õ �%ìc�%��õÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð bedfd gQDSRUT"VUW3X Z\[G]O[hX Z+_Y`/u bedfdva F � � �õ � � Ý�õ �-�-�õÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô�ndY�Z;DST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"Z5ZhV�jlk�mn_Y`/o n F ��Ý0��õ ��Ý � õ �¼��õÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð � ôpoJq \wDST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`/o n F ��õ �-��õ �%�%��õÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô�ndY�Z ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð »%��õ �-��õ ��Ý�õÌ¥�8�zð��õXò�÷�ï`ð � ôpoJq \ ñß÷�ø�î]ùv�~÷�® ó ð �%��õ ��õ ��õ

½$q�¾�¿ ² ì ²xÀ V�ÄXÉ�s tv|��fw�ìyx ùvî~õ�÷�£¡÷�ø�õ`ð>z í{r s · r�sH� t0�Î| r�}¡{�r?L�¶?r�� O ÐÒÐ P { t s~} Ç rxÄ°Á%Ä Ç rlr��6� wv| }xÄÁzÄ Ç r5Q Ç�tÛ s#{�r Ç�t � |Ñt s~} � � �ew swT

� ² �

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500In

vent

aire

s (to

nnes

)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 1.9 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4���O�U��}b�������1��}����������S���S��}b�����������'� �����^���������Y�K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 1.9 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX

36 % 10 % 21 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|H��~����U�U�Y}v���S�n����}v�Y�4�����S�S�S��}v���S�>������� �����B�����K���Y�K� \

A6B�C�¿ ² ìc» À V�ÄXÉ>���3� �" Æì íU� � ·Y¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢�£ � ¢    � �§Å�Ç ¡�¢    ¶+�϶\� � � ·Y¡ �H��� � � ¡ � � � � � � Ç Âp���¿ñJVò £¤¡=¥ TG¦4�   ��� ¡�¢ TV�ÄÃÉ>����� �   £¤¡ � �/��� ¢ � � �"  �£QàÂ�¶ � ¢v¢ ����Ä ¡ Ä   � ¢ ���3�H� ¡    ¶\��¶\�yÂp����Ä £¤¡ î�ï DXð ¡ � � ¢ ��� ÇáÇ É ¢'¡ � � �%� �   £ ¶ßÄM� �"  � £ ¶Ä   ��Ä ¡ Âw�´ñJVòÜQ Ç � £ �-� ¡6£¤¡ ôFï0S8õ ¡ ��¶F� �ÎÇb� ¢ ���H�J¶\� �"§ ¶ ¡)¨©¡ �H� Ç ¡�¢ �   Ä>ª £¤¡ LÔ¶3«v¬�­�T�V�¶+� Ç � Û�Ê ¶+� ¡¯® ÅO° ¢   �H�� ¡ Â��`É ¢�¡ �H�¥É ¡�¢ Ç ¡�¢_· � Ç ¡ ¶\� ¢ Â�� � ¢�¡�¢    ¶\�Ãò�± Ç ¡    ¶\�ÑÄ ¡ �H��� Ê ¡9£+¡ Ä   ¨ Å ¶ ¢ � �fÅ�Ç ¡�²´³¶µ IK�0L�¶l¶� �áÇb� ¢ É £ ��� ¢ Ç ¡>¢�`É/�zÄM� ¡ ¶+� ¢¸· L�ñ�± Ç ¡ � ¡�¢ � ¡ É����3�H� £ ¶$Ä   ¨ Å ¶ ¢ � �§Å�Ç ¡ 7�æ�ç¹T

� ² �

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteUtilisation du stock de Pu(MOX) et 1.95 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~��¹�U�U�Y}v���S�n�1}/º)�U�¶�����S�S����}b���S�>�����'� �����^�'���������K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteUtilisation du stock de Pu(MOX) et 1.95 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX30 % 12 %

20 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

6 %

36 %

ThPu(MOX)

|H��~����U�O��}v���S�»��}/º)�U�K�����S�S�S��}v���S�>�����'� �����B�'������� �K� \

A6B[CÔ¿ ² ì ¼ À V�ÄXÉ>���3� �" �ì®íH� � ·Y¡ �%��� � � ¡�¢'£ � ¢    � �§Å�Ç ¡>¢    ¶\�à¶+� � � ·Y¡ �H��� � � ¡ � � � � � � Ç Âp���yñJVò £¤¡'¥ TG¦�õÆ�   ��� ¡�¢ TV�ÄXÉ>����� �"  £¤¡ � �/��� ¢ � � �"  �£Q�Â�¶ � ¢v¢ ����Ä ¡ Ä   � ¢ �����%� ¡    ¶\��¶\��Â5���ÑÄ £+¡ î�ï DXð ¡ � � ¢ ��� ÇÎÇ É ¢'¡ � � �H� �   £ ¶~ÄM� �"  � £ ¶Ä   ��Ä ¡ Âw�KñJVòEQ Ç � £ �-� ¡�£¤¡ ôFï0S8õ ¡ ��¶� �ÎÇ � ¢ ���%�K�   ¶ ¢ Ç ¡>¢»¢ �   Ä>ª ¢�£¤¡ Â Ç ¶F�   � � ¶ ¨ ± £¤¡ �eÁà¡ L�¶ «v¬�­ ¡ �mL�¶+½¶¾O¿tTV�¶\� Ç � Û�Ê ¶\� ¡À® Å^° ¢   �H��� ¡ Â���É ¢¹¡ �H�¥É ¡>¢ Ç ¡>¢Ï· � Ç ¡ ¶+� ¢ Â�� � ¢¹¡�¢    ¶\�JòK± Ç ¡    ¶\�ÑÄ ¡ �H��� Ê ¡9£+¡ Ä   ¨ Å ¶ ¢ � �fÅ�Ç ¡�²´³¶µIK�0L�¶�¶� �ÎÇ � ¢ É £ ��� ¢ Ç ¡�¢ �`É/�zÄM� ¡ ¶\� ¢�· L�ñ�± Ç ¡ � ¡�¢ � ¡ É����3�H� £ ¶$Ä   ¨ Å ¶ ¢ � �§Å�Ç ¡ 7�æ�ç¹T� ² »

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900In

vent

aire

s (to

nnes

)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 300t de Pu(MOX) en 2020 et 1.5t d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4�¹�U�U��}b���S�»�1}/º)�U�K����� �����B�'�S���S����}v�\�����@���K� \ ���Y��Á��Y�U»�O�¹�

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 300t de Pu(MOX) et 1.5t d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX

24 % 10 % 13 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

30 %

ThPu (MOX)

|H��~����U�O��}v���S�»��}/º)�U�K�Y�'� �����^���S�Y�c����}��+�������Y�K� \ �Y����Á¹���U»�U���

A6B�C�¿ ² ìSà À V]ÄXÉ>����� �" �ì íU� � ·Y¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢�£ � ¢    � �fÅ�Ç ¡    ¶+�϶\� � � ·�¡ �H��� � � ¡=£¤¡�¥ T[õ-� £ N O ÐÒÐP Âp���nÄ�Å��UTCÆK� ¢  ��Ç N   �Ç� ¡À£ � ¢    ¢¹¡ � � � � � � Ç ¡>¨È¡ �H� § ¶ ¡¯£ N ¶+� � � ·Y¡ �H��� � � ¡È£¤¡ Â Ç ¶F�   � � ¶ ¨É£¤¡ § ¶5� Çb� �¥ÉáL�¶ ½{¾^¿¶¡ �§ôFïcôï�T3T�V�¶+�Ç � Û�Ê ¶+� ¡À® Å^° ¢   �H�K� ¡ Â��`É ¢¹¡ �H�¥É ¡�¢ Ç ¡>¢ö· � Ç ¡ ¶+� ¢Ê£¤¡ ò ¡ ��   ¶\��Ä ¡ �H��� Ê ¡©£ N ¶F� �ÎÇb� ¢ �-� �   � £ ¶*Ä   ¨ Å ¶ ¢ � �fÅ�Ç ¡=²´³{µIK�0LÔ¶ ¡ �"ÄvË�¶+��T

� ² ¼

Ì�� é ß Ë "´Ì?Í3Î )vÍÏÎ â6Ð Ì'ÑHÎ Í�Ò Ó Ë Ñ )vÍ Ì Ò Ó Ë¶Í Ì Ën* ÑÊÑ ãÆå�æ¸* Ì �6ènÓ'è

ÔÏðsÕ�òYÖ~÷G×ï`ðàü°ù�Õ¡î ó ×õ`ð)Õxð)Ö�õÔòYÖ�ò ó ùvþ%ôpð�ý ó�� òYÖ�ò óHØ ø`ðÀ�fò�÷�õ`ðÔø�ô~ï ó ðÔø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ùöî~ï`û°ü°û°ñ~ð)Ö�õ��3ÖpùvôpøJï`ðþ�ò�ï`ñ~ù�ÖpøÕ�ò�÷HÖ�õ`ð)Ö�òYÖÆõ¡ô5Ö6ò�ô~õ�ï`ð�øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù*ñ~ðxõ�ïXòYÖpø`÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö6ý¤î~ô~÷�øXøXòYÖpü°ð�ü°ù�Öpø�õXòYÖÆõ`ð-��ù0/ ó ðxü°ù�Öpü°ðî~õ©Ä�Å��"ð°ø�õyü°ðõ�õ`ð�eùv÷�øÏü÷8÷HÖ�õ�ï`ù«ñßô~÷�õöð)Ö¶�3Ù3Ú3Ù� ó ùvï`øXÿ�ôpð ó ò(ñ~û°üï`ùv÷�ø`øXòYÖpü°ð¡ñßô$î�ò�ï`ü5�¹Ù3ÙÛ W � � ò�ô~ïXò�ü°ù�Õ9Õxð)Öpü°û%ì ú òÈÜpþ%ô~ï`ðÝ ì Ý ÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ð ó òmî�ò�ï�õ�÷�ü÷�î�ò�õ�÷�ù�Ö�ý ó òmî~ô~÷�ø`øXòYÖpü°ð_ñ~ð°øÔõ�ï`ùv÷�øÔõ Ø î]ð°øàñ~ð�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`øàñpòYÖpøàü°ð�Öpùvô@�zð¼ò�ô*øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù~ìú ð°øÞÜpþ%ô~ï`ð°ø Ý ìSÚ� Ý ì � ðõ Ý ì.�¹Ù�vÿ�ô~÷Æ÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ð)Ö�õ ó ð°ø�÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°øØñ~ð$Õ�ò�õ�÷G×ï`ðÔñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð�î�ùvô~ï8ü°ð�øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù@�

ø`ù�Ö�õ[ñ~ù�Ö5Öpû°ð°ø�ð)ÖàÜ�Ö�ñ~ðöü � ò�î~÷�õ�ï`ð%ì

A6B[CÔ¿ Ý ì Ý�À V�ÄXÉ>���3� �" ¯á¸í V�ÄXÉ)����� �   £¤¡ � �U��� ¢ � � �   �¼QiÂ�â � ¢v¢ �3��Ä ¡ Ä   � ¢ �����H� ¡    â\�9â+�*Âp����Ä £+¡ î�ï DXð ¡� � ¢ ��� ÇÎÇ É ¢=¡ � � �H� �   £ â~ÄM� �   � £ â�Ä   ��Ä ¡ Âw��ñJVòÊQ Ç � £ �-� ¡=£+¡ ôï�ã8ï�T

�[ðî�ùvôpø`øXðï ó ò(ñpò�õ`ðmñ � ò�î~î�ò�ï�÷�õ�÷�ù�ÖHñ~ð°ø�Ä�Å��*ð)Ö¶�3Ù3Ú3Ù;�%ò9Öpùvôpø�î]ðï/Õxðõ�õ�ï`ðiñ~ðmü°ù�Öpø`÷�ñ~ûï`ðïÏñ~ð°ø[÷HÖ��zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð°øm÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò�ôHî�ò�ï9Ä�Å��$î ó ôpøyû ó ð��zû°ø�ìÞÔ � ô5Öpðxî�ò�ï�õiù�Ö6ò�ô~ïXò*ðô�î ó ôpømñ~ðxõ`ð)Õ¡îpømî]ùvô~ï�î~ï`ù«ñßô~÷�ï`ð ó��Sä å"å/æòM�%òYÖ�õ ó�� ò�î~î�ò�ï�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö$ñ~ð°ø�Ä�Å��%��ñ � ò�ô~õ�ï`ðöî�ò�ï�õ ó ð�î�ò�ï`ü�ñ~ðyè�é�ÄHñpòYÖpø ó ð°ÿ�ôpð ó ù�Ö�î]ðô~õ�ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ðï�ñßô�ü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpøÔ�õ�÷Hß ó ð�1#í62èç ��� ô"ð°ø�õàñ~ðô£�fùv÷�ø�î ó ôpøà÷HÕ¡î]ùvï�õXòYÖ�õÏÿ�ôpð�ñpòYÖpø ó ðöø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ùÀéÆ�pî~ô~÷�ø`ÿ�ôpð ó ð°ø¿W � � ñ~ùv÷.�zð)Ö�õý¤ðô$øXðô ó øöøXò�õ�÷�ød�§ò�÷�ï`ð-�©ñ5×°ø��3Ù3Ã3Ù�©ô5Öpðiî~ô~÷�ø`øÃòYÖpü°ð¡÷HÖpø�õXò ó�ó û°ðxñ~ð Ý Ù�ÁÃÂHð%ì�í'Ö#î�ùvô~ï�ïXòlñ~ù�Öpü¡ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXðï�ñßôü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø�õ�÷Hß ó ð�1#í62wç ��� ôËð)Ö´Õxùv÷HÖpñßï`ð(î~ï`ùvî]ùvï�õ�÷�ù�Ö6ñpòYÖpø ó ð°øÆW � ���Aõ`ùvô~õyð)Ö§�%ò ó ÷�ñpòYÖ�õmô5Ö�÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðñ �Sä å"åbæ î�ò�ï�Ä�Å��(î ó ôpø�÷HÕ¡î]ùvï�õXòYÖ�õ¼ì

ê�ùvôpø�òM�zù�Öpø��AñpòYÖpø�ü°ð�ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù@�Aü°ù�Öpø�÷�ñ~ûï`û(ñ~ð°ø��%ò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ðFÿ�ô~÷�øXù�Ö�õ�ð)ÖÇÕxù Ø ð)Ö5Öpð�î ó ôpø��fò�÷Hß ó ð°ø

ÿ�ôpð[ñpòYÖpø ó ð[ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù=éìëÆù�Ö(ü°ù�Õ9Õxð)Öpü°ð[î�ò�ï�ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ðï ó ð¿1#í62íç ��� ôlý � ò�ô~õ`ðô~ïÔñ � ð)Ö��«÷�ï`ù�Ö��3ÃÛ 9�¼¤ÙÛX<

� Ý Ã

ñßô�ü�îÏô~ï¿W � ��î]ùvô~ï�Ü�Ö~÷�ï ó òmõ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö"òM�zð°ü_ô5Öpð��vò ó ðô~ï�ñ~ðFñ � ð)Ö8�Æ÷�ï`ù�Ö¼���Ûá9 �Y¼+ÛX<�ì

ú � ÷HÖ��zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð�Õ�ò�ß÷HÕ�ò ó ð)ÖÀä å"å æ î�ò�ïsÄ�Å��ið°ø�õ�ñ~ðJ�ßìSÚ�õJ9"ïßì Ý õ�<JñpòYÖpø ó ðàü¼òvø�ù0/ ó�� ù�Ö�ñß÷�ø�î]ù%ø`ðàñ � ô5Ö�ø�õ`ù«ü`Íñ~ð � ô�ðdY[ZDðõ�ñ~ð � ô �K� \ãÿÆô � ù�Ö*ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ð%ì�ñ�ù�Õ9Õxðyî~ï`û°ü°û°ñ~ð)Õ9Õxð)Ö�õ��lÖpùvôpø[ï`ðõ�ï`ùvô@�zù�Öpø�ÿÆôpð ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ù�Öñßô'ø`õ`ùÆüXÍËñ~ð � ô �K� \ÉÖpð£�fò�÷�õ(î�òvøxþ�ò�þ3Öpðï�þ%ïXòYÖpñ ü � ù%øXð*ð)Ö õ`ðï/Õxð$ñ~ð¤î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Ö ñ � ä å"å æ �Øî~ô~÷�ø`ÿÆôpðó�� ÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðÄ�vò ó ÷�ñ~û(øXòYÖpø_ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�ø`ðïmü°ðxø�õ`ù«ü`Í#ð°ø�õ�ñ~ð;�ßì Ý�Ã�õ�9"ïßìSÃ�õ�<�ì � ò�ïmò�÷ ó�ó ðô~ï`ø��Aî�ò�ï�õXòYÖ�õmñ � ô5Ö?ø�õ`ù«ü`Í#ñ~ðï3Ù3Ù�õ(ô5Ö~÷�ÿ�ôpð)Õxð)ÖÆõlü°ù�Öpø`õ�÷�õ�ôpû�ñ~ð � ô �K� \y� ó�� ÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð#ñ �Sä å"å/æ Õ�ò�ß÷HÕ�ò ó î�ò�ïàÄ�Å��6õ`ù�ÕÊß�ð"ý§�ßì ¼Ê9"ï�<õ`ù�Ö5Öpð°ø¼ì

ú ð°øxõXòYß ó ð¼ò�ô Ý ì Ý"ðõ Ý ìSÚ�ñ~ù�Ö5Öpð)Ö�õ ó ð°øx÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ø�ý ó ò1Ü�Ö'ñ~ð ó ò#õ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö î�ùvô~ï�ü°ð*ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù~ì� ùvô ó ÷�þ3Öpù�ÖpøàÿÆôpð_ñpòYÖpøàü°ð_ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù¡ù�Ö*òiü°ù�Õ9Õxð)Öpü°û ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñßô�1#í62ìç ��� ô*ñ5×°ø¿�3Ù-�3Ù�pò ó ùvï`øàÿÆôpðó ð°øÈÄ�Å���Ö � ð)ÖÆõ�ï`ð)Ö�õ(ð)Ö øXü�×)Öpð�ÿÆô � ð)Ö^�3Ù3Ú3Ù�Jø`ùv÷�õ Ý Ù#òYÖpøxò�î~ïb×°ø¼ì$ñ�ð ó ò"ñ~ù�Ö5Öpðòß]ð¼ò�ôpü°ùvô~î ñ~ðòÕ�ò�ï�þzð¤ø�ô~ïó ò�î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Ö�ñ � ä å"å æ î�ò�ïöïXò�î~î�ùvï�õ�ý ó ò5�%ò ó ðô~ï�Õ¡÷HÖ~÷HÕ�ò ó ðxñ~ð£�iõ`ù�Ö5Öpðxî�ò�ïÊÄ�Å���ìÞñ�ð ó òlî]ðô~õ_î�ò�ïXò�ë�õ�ï`ðî~ï`û)Õ�ò�õ�ô~ï`û�ñ~ðlü°ù�Õ9Õxð)Öpü°ðï(ý$î~ï`ûî�ò�ï`ðï ó ò*î~ï`ù«ñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Ö'ñ �Sä å"åbæ òM�zð°ülô5Öpðlõ`ð ó�ó ð�ò��vòYÖpü°ð§9 Ý Ù"òYÖpø�<�ìKê�ðî]ðï`ñ~ù�Öpø�õ`ùvô~õ`ð,�fùv÷�ø�î�òvø�ñ~ðJ�«ôpð[ÿÆôpð ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö¤ñßôlü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø�õ�÷Hß ó ð�1#í62óç ��� ô(î]ðï/ÕxðõCÖpù�Ölø`ðô ó ð)Õxð)ÖÆõñ~ðiï`ð°ü Ø ü ó ðï ó ðiî ó ô~õ`ù�Ö~÷�ô5Õ ðõöñ~ð¡ø�õXòYß~÷ ó ÷�øXðï ó�� ÷HÖ��zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðlýlð)Ö��«÷�ï`ù�Ö Ý Ú3Ù�õ;9�¼¤ÙY¼%õ�<Ïð)Ö Ü�Ö?ñ~ðiõ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö��õ`ùvô~õÔð)Ö ó ð�ï`ð)ÖpñpòYÖ�õ»Õxùv÷HÖpø�÷HÖ�õ`ûï`ð°øXøXòYÖ�õ��ßñßô�î�ùv÷HÖÆõÔñ~ðJ�«ôpðnÖpðô~õ�ï`ù�Ö~÷�ÿÆôpð-�ßý�ô5Öpð[ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ölî~ï`ù ó ÷f�eûïXòYÖÆõ`ð-�Õ�ò�÷�øxûþ�ò ó ð)Õxð)ÖÆõ(ñ~ð5�§ò�÷�ï`ðàÕxùv÷HÖpøxñ~ð � ô�ð Y[Z¸ñpòYÖpø ó ð°ø4W � �Æ�Øñ~ù�Ö�õ ó ò#î~ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Ö î�ò�ï�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï�ð°ø�õî~ï`ùvî]ùvï�õ�÷�ù�Ö5Öpð ó�ó ðyý£9d�,�

F<�ì

æ õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñ � ô5Ö�ø�õ`ùÆüXÍ(÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð©ë � ô@ðdY[Z4D å !"! EGF � ô@ðdY�Z4D å !"! EGF�I � ô �K� \$Dct ! EGF � ô �K� \KD å !"! EGFÌ^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ðÊä å"å æ�ô Ä�Å�� �ßì Ý�Ã�õ �ßìSÚ3Ù�õ �ßì ¼¤Ù�õ1"òvø`ø`ð_ñ � ä å"å æ DSRUT"VOW3X Z\[G]^[�X Z\_Y`

/ä å"å a F � Ý Ã�õ � Ý Ú�õ �)¼3¼%õ

Ì^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô@ðdY�Z�DST"dUegfhWdUT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`Uo ð F Ý Ú3Ù�õ Ý Ú3Ù�õ Ã3ï3Ù�õÌ^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô �K� \KDST"dUegfhWdUT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�m»_�`/o ð F Ù�õ Ý Ù�õ �3Ã3Ù�õÌ^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô@ðdY�Z�ñß÷�ø`î�ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð �3Ã�õ �Y¼%õ �3Ù�õÌ^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô �K� \Añß÷�ø`î�ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ú3Ù�õ Ù�õ Ù�õ½Cq�¾�¿ Ý ì Ý À V]ÄXÉ>����� �" �ááí�r ��õ ¡ �%��� � � ¡�¢-£¤¡ Lsâ ¡ � O ÐÒÐ P £ ��� ¢ Ç ¡ ÄÁzÄ Ç ¡ ¡ ���   � ¢ ÄÁzÄ Ç ¡ Q Ç � Û � £+¡ Ç �� �/��� ¢ � � �"  �wT

ê�ùvôpøx÷ ó�ó ôpø`õ�ï`ù�Öpø©Õ�ò�÷HÖ�õ`ð)Ö�òYÖÆõ ó ð°ø�ü°ù�Ö�õ�ïXò�÷HÖÆõ`ð°ø¤ÿ�ô � ù�Ö'î�ðô~õlò�õ�õ`ð)Öpñßï`ð*ñ � ô5Öpð�ò�ô~þ3Õxð)ÖÆõXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö0ñ~ð ó òî~ô~÷�ø`øÃòYÖpü°ðÏõ`ùvõXò ó ð_÷HÖpø�õXò ó�ó û%ì

� Ý3Ý

æ õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñ � ô5Ö*ø�õ`ù«ü`Í�÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð9ë � ô ðdY[Z D å !"! EGF � ô ðdY[Z D å !"! EGF4I � ô �K� \ DSt ! EHF � ô �K� \ D å !"! EGFÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð ä å"å/æ¸ô Ä�Å�� ïßìSÃ�õ ïßì Ý õ ï�õÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð ä å"å/æ DSRUT"VUW3X Z\[G]O[hX Z+_Y`/u ä å"å a F ��¹Ù�õ �� Ý õ �¹Ú3Ù�õÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô ðdY�Z DST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"Z5ZhV�jlk�mn_Y`/o ð F ¼¤ÙY¼%õ ¼¤Ù�õ ï3ÙY¼%õÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô �K� \ DST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`/o ð F Ù�õ Ã-��õ �3Ù3Ú�õÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô ðdY�Z ñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð �¹Ã�õ �3Ù�õ ��Ý�õÌBÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô �K� \ ñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ú3Ù�õ Ù�õ Ù�õ

½$q�¾�¿ Ý ìSÚ À V�ÄXÉ>���3� �" Àáöx ùvî~õ�÷HÕ¡÷�ø�õ`ð>z í¶r ��õ ¡ �%��� � � ¡�¢È£¤¡ Lsâ ¡ �ÀO ЪÐP £ ��� ¢ Ç ¡ ÄÁzÄ Ç ¡À¡ �3�   � ¢ ÄÁzÄ Ç ¡ Q Ç �Û � £¤¡ Ç �Ä� �U�3� ¢ � � �   �wT

Ì��BÌ ß Ë "´Ì?Í3Î )vÍø÷ â9Ð Ì'ÑHÎ Í�Ò Ó Ë Ñ )bÍ Ì Ò?*´É ãÆå�æç* Ì �6èÃé6è * Ñ Ò6Í Ó=ù &+*�úÒ* Ì'Ñ Ò?*Ñ?Ó )+É%É Í'Ì Ën*¸* Ì �¸û�è'è

ê�ùvôpø�ü°ù�Öpø�÷�ñ~ûï`ù�Öpø'Õ�ò�÷HÖ�õ`ð)Ö�òYÖÆõÏô5Ö�ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù(ñ~ðöñ~ùvô5ß ó ð)Õxð)Ö�õ_ñ~ðöî~ô~÷�øXøXòYÖpü°ðyò��zð°ü�ü°ù�Õ9Õxðmù�ßeÑð°üõ�÷f�Ô�ñ � ò�õ�õ`ð÷HÖpñßï`ðöü°ðÏñ~ùvô5ß ó ð)Õxð)Ö�õ�ð)Ö£��¹Ù3Ùßì5ê�ùvôpø�ü � ùv÷�ø�÷�ø`ø`ù�Öpø ó òmñpò�õ`ðÏñ~ð��3Ù3Ã3Ùmü°ù�Õ9Õxð�ñpò�õ`ð_ñ � ÷HÖÆõ�ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Öñ~ð°ø�Ä�Å��H��ñpò�õ`ðöý ó òvÿ�ôpð ó�ó ð ó ðÏî�ò�ï`ü�òvüõ�ôpð ó ñ~ð_ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ï`ø¸Ä©èpé�ò�ô~ïXòiõ`ùvõXò ó ð)Õxð)ÖÆõ�ñß÷�ø`î�ò�ï�ô�ìú ð°øyõXòYß ó ð¼ò�ô Ý ì � ðõ Ý ì.�¹Ù�ñ~ù�Ö5Öpð)Ö�õ ó ð°ø6ß~÷ ó òYÖpømñ~ð°øÊÕ�ò�õ�÷G×ï`ð°øiñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð°øiðõy÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�û°ø¡ý ó òàÜ�ÖËñ~ð

ó ò�õ�ïXòYÖpø`÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö�ìKñ�ù�Õ9Õxð(î~ï`û°ü°û°ñ~ð)Õ9Õxð)Ö�õ�� ó ð°ø�Üpþ%ô~ï`ð°ø Ý ì.�-�-� Ý ì.���*ðõ Ý ì.�¹ï*ÿÆô~÷�÷ ó�ó ôpø`õ�ï`ð)Ö�õ ó�� û��zù ó ô~õ�÷�ù�Ö ñ~ðü°ð°ø=ß~÷ ó òYÖpøyî]ðô@�zð)Ö�õÊüõ�ï`ð�õ�ï`ùvô@�zû°ð°ømý ó òòÜ�Ö�ñ~ð(ü°ð�ü � ò�î~÷�õ�ï`ð%ì ú ð°øy÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ø?�vò ó ÷�ñ~û°øyî�ò�ï ó ðxøXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ùñÊ�zù�ÖÆõ�ñ � ð)Ö8�Æ÷�ï`ù�ÖÙ�%ìSÃ�õ�ý��%ì Ý¡õ?9eñ~ð5�%ì � õÏý;�ßìê��õ�<�ø`ð ó ù�Ö ó ð°ø[ñß÷.�zðï`ø`ð°ø �¤Ø î]ùvõ � ×°ø`ð°øÏñ~ð�ø�õ`ù«ü`ͤ÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ðî ó ô~õ`ù�Ö~÷�ô5Õ ñ~ù�Ö�õ�ù�Ölñß÷�ø�î�ù%øXð-��ðõÔÿ�ôpð'Öpùvôpø�òM�zù�Öpø�ñ~û e`ý�ñ~ûõXò�÷ ó�ó û°ð°øÔñpòYÖpø ó ð°øÔñ~ðô(ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù%ø�î~ï`û°ü°û°ñ~ð)Ö�õ`ø¼ìú ð°øÀ�vò ó ðô~ï`øÔñ~ð

Fñ � ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö¤ñ~ðÃ1"í32íç ��� ô@ðdY[Z�ð)Ö�W � �0ñpòYÖpøÔü°ð�øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù��zù�ÖÆõÔñ~ð��3ÙÛ ý4�-��Û 9eñ~ð

ï3ïÛãò��)¼+ÛX<�ðõ�ù�Ö¤ï`ðõ�ï`ùvô@�zð ó ð°ø�Õ©ü)Õxð°øàü°ù�Öpü ó ôpø�÷�ù�ÖpøàÿÆô�òYÖ�õ[ò�ôlî]ðô¤ñ~ðÏî�ðï�õ�÷HÖpð)Öpü°ð_ÿÆô � ò�~ð)Ölõ`ðï/Õxðöñ~ðþ�ò�÷HÖ*ð)Ö�÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ �Sä å"åbæ î�ò�ï'Ä�Å��%� ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö�ñßô�ø`õ`ùÆüXÍ�ñ~ð � ô �K� \�ì

Ì��Uý ÷þÍ Ì Ën& Ó ÉH)vÍ Ì É Ó�Î Ën*´É¹ÉHË "´ÌÆÍ3Î )bÍ'É

ê�ùvôpø �zð)Öpù�Öpø�ñ~ð�ü°ù�Öpø`÷�ñ~ûï`ðï�ñß÷.�zðï`øxø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù%ø(ñ~ðlõ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö ñßôÈî�ò�ï`ü*òvüõ�ôpð ó �ÎïXòYÖ�º¼ò�÷�øX�zðï`øxô5ÖpðÜ ó ÷G×ï`ð'ç �

/ä å"åvæ ÷�øXùvþzû)ÖpûïXò�õ�ï�÷�ü°ð�ñ~ð�Ä�Å���ìpñ�ð°ø�ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù%ø�÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ð)Ö�õ ó ò_þ%ïXòYÖpñ~ð[ø`ùvô~î ó ð°ø`ø`ð[ñ~ðàñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð)Õxð)Ö�õ

ÿ�ô � ò ó òÿÜ ó ÷G×ï`ð´ç �/ä å"å æ þ%ï��vü°ð?ò�ôÜ�fò�÷Hß ó ð"÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðHï`ð°ÿÆô~÷�ø¤î�ò�ï ó ð°ø�Ä�Å�� ð)Ö ø�î�ð°üõ�ï`ð#ñ~ð Öpðô~õ�ï`ù�Öpø

õ � ðï/Õ¡÷�ÿ�ôpð°ø6ë~÷ ó ø[ø`ù�Ö�õ�ð)Ö$ð��]ðõ�õ`ùvôpø�ü°ù�Õ¡î�ò�õ�÷Hß ó ð°ø���ðõ[òM�zð°ü�ô5Öpð�Õ�ò�ï�þzð�ü°ù�Ö�fùvï�õXòYß ó ð�ñpòYÖpø�õ`ùvôpø ó ð°ø[ü¼òvø��òM�zð°ü�ô5Ö�÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð¤ñ � ô5Öpð(õ`ù�Ö5Öpð(ñ �Sä å"åvæ î�ò�ï�ï`û¼òvüõ`ðô~ïi÷�ø`ùvþzû)ÖpûïXò�õ`ðô~ï¼ì�ñ�ðõ�õ`ð(øXùvô~î ó ð°ø`ø`ð�ð°ø`õ=Õ¡÷�ø`ð�ð)Öû��Æ÷�ñ~ð)Öpü°ðyñpòYÖpø ó ð°øàø�÷�õ�ô�ò�õ�÷�ù�Öpø[ø�ô~÷.�%òYÖ�õ`ð°ø=ë

� Ý Ý

A6B�C�� Ý ì Ý���V��>���3� �"  Æ í V��>����� �   £¤¡ � �U��� ¢ � � �   � ��õ ¡ � £   â ��� ¡>¨È¡ �H� £¤¡�� â � ¢v¢ ����� ¡¯¡ �§ô ¥ ï�ï ¡ � � �H� �  ��£ â��M� �"  � £¤¡�¢ ñJV@òEQ��g� £ ��� ¡¸£¤¡ ôFï-õ�ï�T��4�?� �U�3� ¢ � � �   � ¢ N ���,� R õ ¡�¡ �£ô ¥¥ ï�± § âp�3� £ � ¡�� �3��� ¡>¢ � ¡ �H� ��R � ¡)¨©¡ �H��   � ¢ � � � â� £¤¡ ��/���M� ¡ â+� ¢ � ¢  �� >�>�/�-� ¡ â\� ¢ T

æ õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñ � ô5Ö�ø�õ`ùÆü��(÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð©ë � ô ðdY[Z D å !"! EGF � ô ðdY�Z D å !"! EGF�I � ô �K� \ Dct ! EGF � ô �K� \ D å !"! EGF�^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð ä å"åbæ�ô Ä�Å�� �� Ý Ã�õ �� Ý�Ù�õ �� SÃ3Ù�õ1"òvø`ø`ð_ñ �Sä å"å/æ DSRUT"VOW3X Z\[G]^[�X Z\_Y`

/ä å"å a F � � Ú�õ �3ÙY¼%õ �¹Ú3Ù�õ

�^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô ðdY�Z DST"dUegfhWdUT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`Uo ð F Ú3ï3Ã�õ ÚY¼¤Ù Ý � Ù�^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô �K� \ DST"dUegfhWdUT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�m»_�`/o ð F Ù�õ Ý Ù�õ �3Ã3Ù�õ�^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô@ðdY�Z�ñß÷�ø`î�ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ã3Ã�õ ï3Ù�õ ï3Ù�õ�^Ö��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð � ô �K� \Añß÷�ø`î�ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ú3Ù�õ Ù�õ Ù�õ!Cq#"$� Ý � �EV��>����� �   Æ í�r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢ £¤¡ Lsâ ¡ �JO&%'% P £ ��� ¢ � ¡ �)(��)� ¡1¡ ���   � ¢ �*(��*� ¡ Q+�g� Û � £+¡ �H�� �/��� ¢ � � �"  �wT

•± q@h�hcq ¤n¤ uHh�jÀ�¼lnk8|£}�u%vnlti[j�i�u%vn|�vKuwvÜu ¤ j�i�¬§q�r�k�|�lnk§ln~ ¤ q@h�j5kFvÜj�k�h0¬�k8|�lnk�|�j�u�}-,½lnk± zä¨ ÖpùvôpømòM�zù�ÖpøÆ�ÆôHÿÆôpð ó ðxü¼òvø ó ð¡î ó ôpøöï`ð°ø`õ�ï�÷�üõ�÷f��ûõXò�÷�õmü°ð ó ô~÷�ù0/ ó�� ù�Ö´Öpð�ñß÷�ø�î]ù%øXò�÷�õöÿÆôpðxñ � ô5Öø`õ`ùÆü���÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ðöî ó ô~õ`ù�Ö~÷�ô5ÕBñ~ð��§ò�÷Hß ó ð�ÿÆô�ò ó ÷�õ`û;9 �¤Ø î�ùvõ � ×°øXð�ñ~ðÊï3Ù3Ù�õ�ñ~ð � ô �K� \ ô5Ö~÷�ÿÆôpð)Õxð)Ö�õ�<,�]ðõÿÆôpðÊÕ©ü)ÕxðmñpòYÖpø_ü°ðmü¼òvøÏù�Ö"î�ùvô@�%ò�÷�õ[õ�ï`ùvô@�zðï_ñ~ð°øÏü°ù�ÖpÜpþ%ô~ïXò�õ�÷�ù�Öpøöñ~ð

Fÿ�ô~÷t�vò ó ÷�ñpò�÷�ð)ÖÆõ ó ð°ø�õ�ï`ùv÷�ø

øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù%øà÷�ü÷Aü°ù�Öpø�÷�ñ~ûï`û°ø. � Ý Ú

æ õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñ � ô5Ö*ø�õ`ù«ü���÷HÖ~÷�õ�÷ ò ó ñ~ð9ë � ô ðdY[Z D å !"! EGF � ô ðdY[Z D å !"! EGF4I � ô �K� \ DSt ! EHF � ô �K� \ D å !"! EGF�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð ä å"å/æ¸ô Ä�Å�� �/ .�¹Ã�õ �/ ê��õ �� � õ�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð ä å"å/æ DSRUT"VUW3X Z\[G]O[hX Z+_Y`/u ä å"å a F �3Ã3Ú�õ � Ý ¼%õ �-�3Ú�õ�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô ðdY�Z ñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ã Ý õ ¼¤Ù�õ Ý �õ�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô �K� \ ñß÷�ø�î]ù�Ö~÷Hß ó ð Ú3Ù�õ Ù�õ Ù�õ�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô ðdY�Z DST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"Z5ZhV�jlk�mn_Y`/o ð F ¼¤Ú�Ý�õ ¼ � Ù�õ ï3Ú � õ�BÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð � ô �K� \ DST"dOegf�W3dOT"WgWgT"i"ZpZhV4jlk�mn_Y`/o ð F Ù�õ Ã3ï�õ �3Ù3Ú�õ

!$q$"#� Ý .�¹Ù0�mV��)����� �   Æ x ùvî~õ�÷HÕ¡÷�ø�õ`ð>z í�r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢ £¤¡ Lsâ ¡ �>O&%1% P £ �3� ¢ � ¡ �)(��)� ¡9¡ �y�   � ¢ �*(��*� ¡ Q2�H�Û � £¤¡ �g�Ä� �U�3� ¢ � � �   �wT

•± q@h;hcq ¤n¤ uHh�j6�¶ztvÖln~+0tzKj ¤ hcu%¬ ¤ j ltk�| Ä�Å�� ¨ Öpùvôpø[òM�zù�Öpø�÷ ó�ó ôpø�õ�ï`ûÄ9eð,ßð)Õ¡î ó ð_ñßô�ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù

é�<ÏÿÆô � ô5Öpð¡õ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö6ý¤î~ô~÷�ø`øXòYÖpü°ðxü°ù�Öpø�õXòYÖÆõ`ð-�4Õ©ü)Õxð�òvø`ø`ð��¡î~ï`ù�Õ¡î~õ`ðm9d�¹Ã*òYÖpøyò�î~ïb×°ø ó ð�ñ~û°ü ó ÷HÖñßô�î�ò�ï`üöòvüõ�ôpð ó ��ð)Öm�3Ù3ï3Ã�<�ûõXò�÷�õàî]ù%ø`ø�÷Hß ó ð_ðõàøXò�õ�÷�ød�§ò�÷�øXò�÷�õ ó ð_üï�÷�õb×ï`ðöñ � ÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðÊÕ¡÷HÖ~÷HÕ�ò ó ñ �Sä å"åbæî�ò�ï�Ä�Å���

•± q@h�hcq ¤n¤ u%h�j1�ÊznvnkÖq�zK«w¬�kFvwj�qj�i[uwv ltkEr�q ¤ zti[|�|�q�vK}�kEi�vn|Mj�q�rsr�~�kʨ ñpòYÖpø ó ð(ü¼òvømñ � ô5Öpðñ~ð)Õ�òYÖpñ~ð(üï`ùv÷�ø`øXòYÖ�õ`ð�ð)ÖHû)Öpðï�þ%÷�ðxñ � ùvï�÷�þ%÷HÖpð9Ö�ôpü ó û¼ò�÷�ï`ð-� ó ò�î�ù%øXø�÷Hß~÷ ó ÷�õ`û¡ñ � ô5Öpð¡õ�ïXòYÖpø�÷�õ�÷�ù�Ö��zðï`ø�ñ~ð°øÄ�Å��öòM�zð°ü�ñ~ùvô5ß ó ð)Õxð)Ö�õJñ~ð�î~ô~÷�ø`øXòYÖpü°ð�ð°ø`õ�ûþ�ò ó ð)Õxð)Ö�õJü°ù�Öpü°ð��%òYß ó ðÃ9eü¼òvø�ñßôyøXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù¸ñ3<©î�ò�ïAïXò�î~î]ùvï�õý ó�� ÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðmñ � ä å"å æ ï`ð°ÿÆô~÷�ø3

•± q@h�hcq ¤n¤ uHh�j���r x{is¬ ¤ u%h�j�q�vn}�k4ltk;r x{i�vwowk8vwj�q�i�hck;k8v ,/./. ¯ h�k 7 zni�| ¤ q@h Ä�Å�� ¨ ø�÷ ó�� ÷HÖ8�zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ð

Õ¡÷HÖ~÷HÕ�ò ó ï`ð°ÿÆô~÷�ø�î�ò�ï�Ä�Å��¤øXðöõ�ï`ùvô@�%ò�÷�õ'üõ�ï`ðyî ó ôpø�÷HÕ¡î]ùvï�õXòYÖ�õ���ï`ðî]ùvôpø`ø`ðï ó ò�ñpò�õ`ðyñ~ðyñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð)Õxð)Ö�õñ~ð°ø�Ä�Å���î]ðï/Õxðõ[ñ~ðyøXò�õ�÷�ød�§ò�÷�ï`ð�ñ~ð°ø�üï�÷�õb×ï`ð°ø�î ó ôpø[ï`ð°ø�õ�ï�÷�üõ�÷f�fø[ð)Ö�÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð°ø_ñ � ä å"å æ 9eñpòYÖpø ó ðyü¼òvøñßô*øXü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ù54��~ù�Ö�þ�ò�þ3Öpð_î ó ôpøàñ~ð�¼¤ÙÛLø�ô~ï ó�� ÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð=Õ�ò�ß÷HÕ�ò ó ñ �Sä å"åbæ�ô Ä�Å��<�

ê�ùvôpø�òM�zù�ÖpøÆ�zðï�÷gÜ�û�ÿÆôpð ó ò*ø`ð)Öpø�÷Hß~÷ ó ÷�õ`ûxñ~ð ó�� ÷HÖ��zð)Ö�õXò�÷�ï`ðÀÕ�ò�ß÷HÕ�ò ó ñ �Sä å"åbæ î�ò�ï6Ä�Å��#ýòÖpù%ø�ñ~ù�Ö5Öpû°ð°øñ � ð)Ö�õ�ï`û°ð59�ß~÷ ó òYÖpø�Õ�ò�õ�÷G×ï`ðöð��]ð°üõ�ôpû°ø[ýyñ~ðô�õXò�ôlñ~ðÏü°ù�ÕÊß~ôpø�õ�÷�ù�Ö*ñß÷6�©ûï`ð)Ö�õ`ø�ø Ø ø�õ`û)Õ�ò�õ�÷�ÿÆôpð)Õxð)Ö�õ�<Ôï`ð°ø�õ`ðòvü°ü°ðî~õXòYß ó ð87�ð ó�ó ð_ð°ø`õ�ñ~ð��3ÙÛLý9ï3ÙÛãø`ð ó ù�Ö ó ð_ø`ü°û)Ö�ò�ï�÷�ùxûõ�ôpñß÷�û�

Ô_òYÖpø�õ`ùvôpø ó ð°ø�ü¼òvølü°ù�Öpø�÷�ñ~ûï`û°ø��$Öpùvôpø�ò��zù�Öpø¤ø�ô~î~î�ù%øXû�ô5Öpð$ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øXò�õ�÷�ù�Ö0ñ � ô5Ö0ü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø�õ�÷Hß ó ð¶1#í62ç ��� ôSýËñ~ð°ø£�%ò ó ðô~ï`ø�ñ~ð

FÿÆô~÷��vò�ï�÷ ò�÷�ð)ÖÆõ�ð)Ö�õ�ï`ð^�¹ÙÛ ðõ-ï Ý Û#9eð)Ö�õ�ï`ðE�)¼+Û ðõ-Ã3ÙÛX<� �ñ�ð°ø£�vò ó ðô~ï`ø

ø`ù�Ö�õ¤ü°ù�Õ¡î�ò�õ�÷Hß ó ð°ø�ò��zð°ü ó�� ð,ßî]ûï�÷�ð)Öpü°ð$ò�ô0e�ùvô~ï`ñ � � ô~÷�òvü°ÿÆô~÷�ø`ð$ñpòYÖpø ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ù�Ö ñ~ð°ø�ü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø`õ�÷Hß ó ð°ø*ò�ôî ó ô~õ`ù�Ö~÷�ô5ÕRð)Ö ü�îÏô~ïÀÄ:9 ;6ðõxø`ù�ÖÆõ��Jð)ÖÈü°ð�øXð)Öpø���ï`û¼ò ó ÷�ø�õ`ð°ø3 ´W ó�ó ð°ø9Öpû°ü°ð°øXø�÷�õ`ð)Ö�õ9Öpû¼òYÖ5Õxùv÷HÖpøxñ~ð°ø¡ü¼ò ó üô ó øü�îÏô~ï¿1#í62èç ��� ô£�À7=<>6ü°ù�Õ¡î ó ðõ`ø[ò�Ü�Ö�ñ � üõ�ï`ð��vò ó ÷�ñ~û°ð°ø�ðõàùvî~õ�÷HÕ¡÷�ø`û°ð°ø3 � ò�ï�ò�÷ ó�ó ðô~ï`ø�Öpùvôpø�òM�zù�Öpø�Õ¡÷�øð)Ö�û��«÷�ñ~ð)Öpü°ð ó ð8î]ðô�ñ � ÷HÕ¡î�òvüõ�ÿÆô � òÔð)Ööõ`ðï/Õxð°øAñ~ðØî~ï`ùÆñßôpüõ�÷�ù�Ömñ � ä å"å æ � ó�� ô~õ�÷ ó ÷�øÃò�õ�÷�ù�Öyñßôöî ó ô~õ`ù�Ö~÷�ô5ÕS÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�ûð)Ö§1#í62 æ � � ô�ðõ�ÿÆô � ÷ ó ð°ø�õ�øXòYÖpø�ñ~ùvô~õ`ð¡î ó ôpøö÷HÖÆõ`ûï`ð°ø`øXòYÖ�õiñ~ð ó ò�÷�ø`øXðïöü°ð ó ô~÷f�¥ü÷�ñpòYÖpø ó ð°ø�ü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø�õ�÷Hß ó ð°ø1"í32 æ � � ôi÷�ï�ïXòvñß÷�û°ø3 3Ô_òYÖpø8õ`ùvôpø ó ð°øJü¼òvø ó�� ÷HÖ��zð)ÖÆõXò�÷�ï`ð'�%ò ó ÷�ñ~ûÔñ �Sä å"åbæ î�ò�ï$Ä�Å��yð°ø�õJø�ô~î]ûï�÷�ðô~ïØý �� SÃ�õ3 ñ�ð°ü÷î�ðô~õ�î�ðï/Õxðõ�õ�ï`ð¡ñ~ð¡ï`ð ó �vü � ðï�ñ~ð°øöü°ù�ÖÆõ�ïXò�÷HÖ�õ`ð°ømø�ô~ï ó ðiï`ðõ�ïXò�÷�õ`ð)Õxð)Ö�õiñßôHü°ù�Õ=ß~ôpø�õ�÷Hß ó ð ó ÷�ÿ�ô~÷�ñ~ð¡ð)Ö8�Æ÷�øÃò�þzû

� Ý �

ñpòYÖpø ó ð°ø�Ä�Å��%�pü°ð_ÿÆô~÷��fòvü÷ ó ÷�õ`ðïXò�÷�õ ó ðô~ï�ü°ù�Öpü°ðî~õ�÷�ù�Ö�ðõàñ~ù�Öpü ó ðô~ï[ñ~ûî ó ùv÷�ð)Õxð)Ö�õ3

��Ý�Ù

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 2.75 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SFFi

n de

s EPR

(ThP

u-U

OX

)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4���U�O��}v���S�@?ò��}v�Y�4�����S�S�S��}v���S�>������� �����B�����K���Y�K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteScénario 2.75 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX

25 % 12 % 12 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|H�3~��¹�U�U�Y}v���S�@?ò��}����4�����S�S����}b���S�>�����'� �����^�'���{�@� �K� \

A6B[CA� Ý SÚ2��V��)����� �  àáçíy� ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢À£ � ¢B�   � � �*� ¡�¢ T¸ÆK� ¢ IK�0Lsâ«v¬"­ ¡ � r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡ � � � � � �C� £ N â+��ñJVò £¤¡ôFTED�õ��   �@� ¡�¢ T�V��>����� �   £¤¡ � �U��� ¢ � � �   �¼Q � â � ¢�¢ ���� ¡ �   � ¢ ���3�H� ¡F�   â+�9â\� � �3��� £¤¡ î�ï DXð ¡ � � ¢ �����G�H ¢È¡ �� �%� �   £ â/�M� �"  � £ âI�   ��� ¡E� �ÅñJVòÜQ2�g� £ �-� ¡6£¤¡ ôFï3ã8ï�T

��ÝF�

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700In

vent

aire

s (to

nnes

)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteScénario Utilisation du Pu(MOX) et 2.8 tonnes d’U233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SFFi

n de

s EPR

(ThP

u-U

OX

)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4���U�O��}v���S�@?à}/º)�O�K�����S�S����}b���S�>�����'� �����^�'���{�@���K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteScénario Utilisation Pu(MOX) et 2.8 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX

ThPu (MOX)

12.5 %

12.5 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

6 %

19 % 25 %

|H�3~��¹�U�U�Y}v���S�J?à}/º)�U�{�������S�S��}v���S��������� �����B�'���K��� �K� \

A6B�C�� Ý � ��VK��>����� �" 6á íK� ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢=£ � ¢B�   � � ��� ¡�¢Ê¡ ��âF� � � � ¢ �3�H�8� ¡¸¢ �   �>ª £¤¡�� â ¨  .L T r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡ � � � � � ���£ N â\��ñÃVò £¤¡ ôFTGã��   �@� ¡�¢ TtV��>���3� �"  £¤¡ � �/��� ¢ � � �"  ��Q � â � ¢�¢ ����� ¡ �   � ¢ �����H� ¡J�   â+�6â+� � ����� £¤¡ î�ï DXð ¡� � ¢ �����G�H ¢=¡ � � �H� �   £ â��M� �"  � £ âI�   �� ¡E� ��ñJVòóQ5�H� £ �-� ¡Ê£¤¡ ôFï�ã8ï�T

��Ý0�

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition à puissance constanteScénario avec 300t de Pu(MOX) et 2.4t d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SFFi

n de

s EPR

(ThP

u-U

OX

)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G}>~4���U�U�Y}v���S�@?à}/º)�U�¶�Y��� �����B�������c��� }v�p���K�@���K� \ �Y�Y��Á��Y�O»�U���

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition à puissance constanteScénario avec 300t de Pu(MOX) et 2.4t d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SF

Fin

des R

EP U

OX

16 % 11.5 % 12.5 %

Fin

des E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

24 %ThPu(MOX)

|H�3~��¹�U�U��}b���S�@?à}/º)�U�K�Y��� �����B�'�S�Y�c����}��\���K��� �K� \ �Y����Á¹���U»�U���

A6B[CA� Ý .�¹Ù5�¶V��)����� �  ¯á í ÆK� ¢  �� �ÔN   �Ç� ¡©£ � ¢E�   ¢¹¡ � � � � � �C� ¡>¨È¡ �H� § â ¡À£ N â\� � ��õ ¡ �%��� � � ¡©£+¡F� � âF�   � � â ¨£¤¡ § âp�C� � �E Lsâ ½{¾^¿Þ¡ �§ôFïcôFï�T$� ¡ ¢ ��)����� �  ¯á �5¡ âF� · � � ¡ õ��C� � £ ¡ �M�   � ¢ � £ >�/���H�»â\� � ��õ ¡ �%��� � � ¡F� ����Ä�Å��£¤¡ ôFTONm�   �@� ¡�¢Ê£ NsO&%1% P T

��Ý�ï

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900In

vent

aire

s (to

nnes

)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition avec doublement de puissance en 2100Scénario 1.65 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G}>~����U�O��}v���S�QPò��}����4�����S�S����}b���S�>�����'� �����^�������@���K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition avec doublement de puissance atteint en 2100Scénario 1.65 tonnes d’U233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SFFi

n de

s REP

UO

X

20 % 11.5 % 11 %

Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|H�3~��¹�U�U�Y}v���S�QPò��}��Y�4�������S�S��}v���S��������� �����B�'���K��� �K� \

A6B�C�� Ý .�-���4V��)����� �   £¤¡ � �U�3� ¢ � � �   �ò��õ ¡ � £   â ��� ¡>¨È¡ �H� £¤¡8� â � ¢�¢ ����� ¡�¡ �5ô ¥ ï�ï ¡ � � �H� �   £ â��M� �"  � £¤¡�¢ ñJVòQR�H� £ �-� ¡9£+¡ ôFï-õ�ï�T r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢9£ � ¢B�   � � ��� ¡�¢©¡ ��âF� � � � ¢ ���H�sâ+� � § â ¡>¨È¡ �H�A� ¡Ê¢ �   �>ª £¤¡ Lsâ3«v¬�­ � � � � � �C� ¡ � ¡ ��   � ¢ � £ >�/���H�Câ+� � ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡@� ����Ä�Å�� £¤¡ ¥ T�î-õÄ�   ��� ¡�¢=£ N O&%'% P T

��Ý�¼

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition avec doublement de puissance en 2100Scénario Utilisation du Pu(MOX) et 1.7 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4���O�U��}b�����@P }/º)�O�{�����S�S�S��}v���S�>������� �����B�����K�@� �K� \

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Inve

ntai

res (

tonn

es)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition avec doublement de puissance en 2100Scénario Utilisation du Pu(MOX) et 1.7 tonnes d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|H��~����U�U�Y}v���S�JPà}/º)�U�K�������S�S��}v���S��������� �����^�'���������K� \

A6B[CA� Ý .���F�4V��>����� �"  £¤¡ � �U��� ¢ � � �   �à��õ ¡ � £   â ��� ¡)¨©¡ �H� £¤¡8� â � ¢v¢ ����� ¡¸¡ ��ô ¥ ï�ï ¡ � � �H� �   £ â��M� �   � £+¡�¢ ñJVòQ2�g� £ �-� ¡ £+¡ ôï-õ�ï�T r �@õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢Ê£ � ¢B�   � � ��� ¡�¢ ¡ �1â� � � � ¢ ���%��� ¡�¢ �   �>ª £¤¡ L�â ½{¾^¿ � � � � � �C� ¡ � ¡ �+�   � ¢ � £ )�U���%�â+� � ��õ ¡ �%��� � � ¡@� ����Ä�Å�� £¤¡ ¥ TED?�   ��� ¡�¢=£ N O&%'% P T

��Ý�Ã

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900In

vent

aire

s (to

nnes

)

U 233 disponibleU 233 total Pu (UOX) disponible Pu (MOX) disponible Pu (UOX) usé en ThPuPu (MOX) usé en ThPu

Transition avec doublement de puissance atteint en 2100Scénario 300t de Pu(MOX) en 2020 et 1.5t d’U-233 par RSF/GWe

Fin

des R

EP-U

OX

Déb

ut d

es R

SF Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

|G})~4���O�U��}b�����@P }/º)�O�K�Y��� �����B�n�S�Y�c����}��p�����@���K� \ �Y�Y��Á��Y�O»�U���

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120An

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inve

ntai

re (t

onne

s)

U 233 disponibleU 233 totalPu (UOX) disponiblePu (MOX) disponiblePu (UOX) uséPu (MOX) usé

Transition avec doublement de puissance atteint en 2100Scénario 300t de Pu(MOX) en 2020 et 1.5 tonnes d’U233 par RSF/GWe

Déb

ut d

es R

SFFi

n de

s REP

UO

X

15 % 10.5 %12.6 %

Déc

lin d

es E

PR (T

hPu-

UO

X)

Parc

100

% R

SF

20 %ThPu(MOX)

|H��~����U�U�Y}v���S�JPà}/º)�U�K����� �����B�'�S�Y�c����}��+������� �K� \ ���Y��Á��Y�U»�U���

A6B�C�� Ý .�¹ïF�4V��)����� �   £¤¡ � �U�3� ¢ � � �   �ò��õ ¡ � £   â ��� ¡>¨È¡ �H� £¤¡8� â � ¢�¢ ����� ¡�¡ �5ô ¥ ï�ï ¡ � � �H� �   £ â��M� �"  � £¤¡�¢ ñJVòQS�g� £ ��� ¡ £¤¡ ôFï-õ�ï�T r ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡�¢Ê£ � ¢B�   � � �*� ¡�¢9¡ � âF� � � � ¢ �3�H��� ¡�¢ �   �>ª £+¡ Lsâ ½{¾^¿ � � � � � �C� ¡ � ¡ �+�   � ¢ � £ >�U�3�H�â\� � ��õ ¡ �H��� � � ¡@� ���¸Ä�Å�� £+¡6¥ T�õÄ�   ��� ¡>¢�£ N O�%'% P T

��Ý Ý

T UWVYX[Z8\Y]_^`UaV b[c d bfeM]gd bhXicM^kjlbf]

ñ�m8n&o�p3qCpsrutwv�o�x)y�m)Özn�m|{5Ö m}x*n&{ ~�m}pstut�pYÖ�n`~�m8t�pQy&rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö6Ö m*{�n&o���Ö�rH��{ m�~:� {5Ö0pCy�y�m)Õ=ß�t�ps��m��)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHme'{ y���{=���5tB��psv�v�turH�3psn&rH��Ö_�5{5ÖIy��)x)Ö�pso&rH�R~�m�~�x*v�tH�CrHm)Õ5m)Özn���tH��ß�pstB ��1tky3� rHÖ y��*o&run�~ pYÖ yFtHm)yFx*n&{ ~�m)y'Õ5m)Ö x)m)y�ps{ñsêJ� � y&{�oAtHm�� Ø �*tHm�~/{�n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�m)Ö��)�Ctut�pYßK�Co�psn&rH��ÖIp)q�m)��~:��ps{�n&o�m)yJ�Co&��pYÖ�rHy/Õ5m)yA��o�pYÖ�º3psrHyJm*n»Ö �Cn�pYÕ9Õ5m)Ö�ntHm�~�x*v�pso&n�m)Õ5m)Ö�n��F�¸Ôh~:� W�~5�A

ê��C{ y�p3q���Ö y@y&vKx)�*rgÜ���{ m)Õ5m)ÖznJ~�x*q�m*tH�Cv�vx�tHm��)�z~�mÃ1 æ �¿W�~:��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�1���Ö�n�m�ñApso&tH�0v�C{�oAm��:m)�*n&{ m*o~�m)y��3pstH�*{�tHyF~:��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö_~/{g�)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm� 4ñ�m��)�w~�m�m)y�n�ps{0e&�C{�o�~:� ��{�r8�Cvx*o�psn&rH��Ö5Ö m*tB lÔ�{�o�pYÖ�n��)m�n&o�p)q�psrut~�m�n&��×)y�m=Ö �C{ yFp3q���Ö yQv�o&rHyFm)ÖI����pso&��m�tHm�Õ5�w~/{�tHm�n&o�psrun�pYÖznFtB��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ög~/{I�)��ÕÊß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm�m*n�~/{��)��Ö�n&o+�CtHmm)Ö�turu�3Ö m�~�m�t�p0o�x3pC�*n&ruqzrun�x� 5ê��C{ yJp)q���Ö yJx*��pstHm)Õ5m)ÖznQm��:m)�*n&{ x�tHm)yAv�o�m)Õ�rHm*o�yJ�3pstH�*{�tHyJ~:��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�m*nJp)q���Ö y~�x>Ü�Ö�r8tHm)y�v�pso�pYÕ©×*n&o�m)y�p)q�m)��y��CrHÖ ëtHm)yFv�pCy�~�m0n�m)Õ�v y�m)Ö�n&o�m�����pC��{ m��3pstH�*{�t´1I��Özn�mÈñApso&tH��psrHÖ y&r$�z{ m0t�pv�o��Cv�ps��psn&rH��Ö+~�m)y�m*o&o�m*{�o�y�y�n�psn&rHy&n&rH��{ m)y�y&{�o�tHm)yFrHÖ�q�m)Ö�n�psruo�m)y���Ö�n¸Ö �Cn�pYÕ9Õ5m)Ö�n�v�{ ü*n&o�m���{�pYÖzn&rgÜ�x)m)y�~ pYÖ yÖ �Cn&o�mAx*n&{ ~�m}~/{��)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm»çA� ��{= æ Ö m|v�o�m)Õ�rG×*o�mA�)��Õ�v�pso�psrHy���Ö5pFx*n�x��Bpsrun�m}p3q�m)��tHm}�)�w~�m}~�m|n&o�pYÖ y&vK�Co&n~�x*n�m*o/Õ�rHÖ�rHy&n�m�éQvK�CtutH��y&{�o�{5ÖS�3pstH�*{�t��)m*tutu{�tHm87�rut�p�Õ5��Özn&o�xQtHm�ßK��Ö2pC�)�)�Co�~Sm)Özn&o�mnÕ5x*n&� �w~�m)y|~�x*n�m*o/Õ�rHÖ�rHy&n�m)ym*n31I��Özn�m¸ñApso&tH�0vK�C{�o}t�p�y&rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö�~/{��)��Õ=ß�{ y�n&rHß�tHm�çA� �8{= �ñ���Õ�v�n�mFn�m)Öz{�~�mQt�p�v�{�rHy�y�pYÖ �)m�~�m��3pstH�*{�t~���Ö�n���Ö�~/rHy&vK��y�m�ps{0e��C{�o�~:� �z{�rB���)m*t�p��)��ÖpÜ o/Õ5m���{=� rut#m)y&n@vm*o&n&rHÖ m)ÖznF~�m�Õ5m)Ö m*oF~�m)yJx*n&{ ~�m)yQ�)��Õ�v�tG×*n�m)y�~�mÖ m*{�n&o���Ö�rH��{ m=ß�pCy�x)m)yJy&{�oF~�m)yJy&rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö yJ1I��Özn�m6ñApso&tH�5x*q��Ctu{�pYÖzn�m)y3

ê��C{ y�p)q���Ö y�~�x*q�m*tH�Cv�vKx0~�m)y¸Õ5�w~5×*tHm)y¸éFy�y�m)Õ=ß�t�ps��m�m*n�ñsî�{�o�~�mÆ�JW����z{�r#o�m)Ö ~/o���Özn�t�pS�)��Özn&rHÖ�{�run�x~�m2�)m*n&n�m2x*n&{ ~�m2m*n�tB��x*n&{ ~�m2~:���Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�psn&rH��Ö�~�m2�)m)y�y Ø y&nb×)Õ5m)y�v�tu{ y0psrHy�x)m� {ñ�m*n&n�mSq��CrHm2m)y&n0ps{0e&�C{�o�~:� ��{�rm)Ö���ps��x)m�~ pYÖ yAtHm���o��C{�vm���é�ñ � ~�m�tB���'��ê�~:�O�Fo�y�p Ø �z{�r:x*n&{ ~/rHm�t�p�v��y�y�rHß�ruturun�x�~�m�o�x)~/{�ruo�m�tHm�o�psv�vK�Co&nJ~�mÕ5�z~�x*o�psn&rH��Ö_p�Ü�ÖI~:��ps{��3Õ5m)Özn�m*o�tHm�n�ps{/��~�m��)��Ö�q�m*o�y�rH��Ö�~/{Io�x3pC�*n�m*{�oFn��C{�n�m)Ö���pso�~ pYÖ�n�~�m)yQv�pso�pYÕ©×*n&o�m)y~�m�y&��o�m*n�x��Bp)q��Co�pYß�tHm)y.  #p©Õ5�w~�x*turHy�psn&rH��Ö_~/{���î�{�o�pSy��C{�tHm*q�x��)m*vm)Ö ~ pYÖzn�~�m)y���ß y&n�pC�*tHm)y�rHÖ/�¡�Co/ÕSpsn&rH��{ m)y��{�r@y���Özn�m)Ö �)�Co�m���o�x)y��C{ ~/o�m� 8�`pso/Õ�r@�)m*{/�z¢E�*rB�`t�p���m)y&n&rH��Ö£~�mSt�p�Õ�ru��o�psn&rH��Ö¤~�m)y�pCy�y�m)ÕÊß�t�ps��m)y�tH�Co�y�~/{o�m)����pso&��m)Õ5m)ÖznAm)y�n|m)Ö �)�Co�mF���Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�m*o|vK�C{�o�o�m)Ö ~/o�m@tB� {�n&ruturHy�psn&rH��Ö�~�m»Ö �Cn&o�m»Õ5�w~5×*tHmQ��î�{�o�vK��y�y&rHß�tHmQ~ pYÖ ytHm)y6ÕSpC����rHÖ m)y5~/{��)m)Ö�n&o�m�~�mR�3pstH�*{�tAv�pso�pstutG×*turHy�x�~�mStB���OêÃ�C�Cï/�$�z{�r�rHÕ�v��y�m)Özn0~�m)y0turHÕ�run�m)y�m)Ö�n�m)Õ�v y�~�m�3pstH�*{�t�m*n�m)Ö´Õ5x)Õ5�Cruo�mR��{�r|y���Ö�n���o�pYÖ ����rHm)y0m*n=Ö �C{ y���ß�turu��m)Ö�n�����o�pC�*n&rH��Ö5Ö m*o�tHmS�3pstH�*{�t}~:��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö£~/{��î�{�oQm)Ö�n&rHm*o�m)Ö�v�tu{ y&rHm*{�o�yJ�3pstH�*{�tHy.

ê�x3pYÖ5Õ5�CrHÖ y3� �)m��3pstH�*{�t#��î�{�oQo�m*v�o�x)y�m)Özn�m*o�p�{5Ö m�p3qCpYÖ �)x)m�rHÕ�v�Co&n�pYÖzn�m�m*nJvKm*o/Õ5m*n&n&o�p5~:� {�n&ruturHy�m*oQn��C{�ntHm|vK�Cn�m)Ö�n&rHm*t ~�m)yÞÕ5x*n&� �w~�m)y8~�m}�)��Özn&o+�CtHm�m)Ö0turu�3Ö mA~�x*q�m*tH�Cv�vx)m)y8~ pYÖ y`�)m*n&n�m}n&��×)y�m� s =mA�3pstH�*{�tw��î�{�o8y3��p3q×*o�m

¥ Ý-Ý

n��C{�n��S�¡psrun�vKm*o&n&rHÖ m)Ö�n�vK�C{�o�tB��x*n&{ ~�m�~/{+�)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm9çA� �8{�ërut$�Bps{ ~/o�pRv�pso�m���m)Õ�v�tHm�~�x>Ü�Ö�ruo3�KtH�Co�y�~�mÖ �Cn&o�m}x*n&{ ~�m�~�m}y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��y3�sy3� rutzm)y�nkv�o�x��¡x*o�pYß�tHm}~�m�����pso&��m*o`{5Ö m�v�pso&n&rHm�~�m)y#o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y�� ¥ Ù3ÙÛ�m)ÖÊçA� �8{��C{~�mÄ� £C¦ � â ¡ �0�`�)m)yJpCy�y�m)ÕÊß�t�ps��m)y@~ pYÖ yAt�p�n��Cn�psturun�x�~�m)yAo�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y.�w�)��Özn�m)Ö�pYÖ�n�pstH�Co�y�~�m)yJpCy�y�m)Õ=ß�t�ps��m)y'1_�62çA� �8{�m*n æ �320 �ñ�m)y$~�m*{/��y�n&o�psn�x*��rHm)y$��Özn#{5Ö0rHÕ�v�pC�*n8~/r6�Kx*o�m)Özn$y�{�o#t�pnÖ m*{�n&o���Ö�rH��{ mA�z{ m|y�m*{�twtHm|�3pstH�*{�t�~/{��î�{�oJm)Özn&rHm*oQvKm*o/Õ5m*nQ~�m�~�x*n�m*o/Õ�rHÖ m*o�p3q�m)��v�o�x)�*rHy&rH��Ö= �ñ���m)y�nQ���)m�y&n�pC~�m��z{ m�n��C{�n�m�t�p��)��Õ�v�tHx)Õ5m)Ö�n�pso&run�x~�m)yF�)�z~�m)yJ1I��Özn�m6ñApso&tH�Sm*nF~�x*n�x*o/Õ�rHÖ�rHy&n�m)yF~��Crun3��9Ö ��y Ø m*{/�K� m)Özn&o�m*o�m)Ö4e�m*{´ë {5Ö�v�t�pYÖI~�m�����pso&��m)Õ5m)Ö�no�x3psturHy&n�m�m*n��)��ÖzqCpsrHÖ �3pYÖzn�vK�C{�o�tB� rHÖ ~/{ y&n&o&rHm*t�Ö m�vKm*{�n�ps{0e��C{�o�~:� �z{�r$ü*n&o�m��Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�x�v�pso�tHm)y��3pstH�*{�tHy�1�ñ ë�)m*n&n�mR�Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�psn&rH��Ö£v�pCy�y�mRm)Ö�m��Km*n�v�pso0{5Ö mRm��/v�tH�Co�psn&rH��Ö£m��w��ps{ y�n&ruq�mR~�m)y6Õ�rututurH��Ö y�~�mR�)��Õ=ß�rHÖ�psrHy���Ö yvK��y�y&rHß�tHm)y5~:��pso&o�pYÖ���m)Õ5m)Özn�y�~�m)ySpCy�y�m)ÕÊß�t�ps��m)y2m)Ö§��î�{�o2�z{�rJm)y&n5� �Co�yR~�m�vK�Co&n�x)m�~�m)y©Õ5x*n&� �w~�m)yÄ1�ñ� � pC����pYÖ�n��z{ m�tHm)y�m��:m*n�y�~:� rHÖzn�m*o��¡pC�)m2m)Ö�n&o�m5~/r6�:x*o�m)Ö�n�y�pCy�y�m)ÕÊß�t�ps��m)y=çA� �8{¨�C{ æ �32©~�m*qwo���Ö�n6ü*n&o�m�v�o&rHym)ÖR�)��Õ�v�n�m�~ pYÖ y}{5Ö m�x*n&{ ~�m�Ü�Ö m��w�)m)�*rKy��C{�tG×*q�mQn��C{�n�tB� rHÖ�n�x*obü*n@~:��x*n&{ ~/rHm*o3�wv�psoA~�m)y��3pstH�*{�tHy61���Ö�n�m�ñApso&tH���{5Ö�v�t�pYÖ�~�m�����pso&��m)Õ5m)Ö�n�~/{���î�{�o�çA� �8{��Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�x�v�o�x3pst�pYß�tHm)Õ5m)ÖznFv�psoJ~�m)y�Õ5x*n&� �z~�m)yJ~�x*n�m*o/Õ�rHÖ�rHy�n�m)y3

ê��C{ yFp3q���Ö yQ{�n&ruturHy�x�tHm)yJv�o�m)Õ�rHm*o�yFo�x)y&{�tun�psn�y�~�m�1 æ �JWªm)Ö��3pstH�*{�t8pCy�y�m)ÕÊß�t�ps��m�vK�C{�oF~�x)�*o&ruo�m0~/ruq�m*o�yy��)x)Ö�pso&rH��yR~�m�n&o�pYÖ y�run&rH��Ö§~/{iv�pso�����o�pYÖ�º3psrHyRpC�*n&{ m*t�q�m*o�yS{5Öiv�pso���~�mm� � �«rHy��C��x)Ö x*o�psn�m*{�o�yòçA� ô�ä å"åbæ �~�x)ÕSpso&o�x)y��0tB��psrH~�m�~�m�tB�Sä å"å æ v�o��z~/{�runQm)Öm�¿W��¤~ pYÖ yQ{5Ö��)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm6çA� �8{=

 km)y�x*n&{ ~�m)y�~�m©Ö m*{�n&o���Ö�rH��{ mÈÕ5m)Ö x)m)y�p)q�m)�Ä1 æ �¿W���Ö�n�vKm*o/Õ�rHy�~�mS~�x>Ü�Ö�ruo�~�m)y��)��ÖpÜ ��{�o�psn&rH��Ö y�~�m�)��ÕÊß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm��)��Õ�v�psn&rHß�tHm)y�p)q�m)��t�pgy&��o�m*n�x�9��)�wm,�S�*rHm)Ö�n�yR~�m�qwrH~�m�m*n5~�m�n�m)Õ�vx*o�psn&{�o�màÖ x*��psn&r6�¡y�<� æ Ö m�¡�CrHy@�)m)y@�)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm)yF~�x>Ü�Ö�rHyJm*n@tB��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�~:� {5Ö�n�m*tkpCy�y�m)Õ=ß�t�ps��m��3pstH�*{�tHx)m�p3q�m)��1 æ �JWJ�wtHm)y@~���Ö5Ö x)m)y��Özn�x*n�x0rHÖ�n&o��w~/{�run�m)y�~ pYÖ y�{5Ö_�)�z~�m0~�m�y�rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö+~�m0y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��y�~�m�n&o�pYÖ y�run&rH��Ög�z{ mÊÖ �C{ y�p3q���Ö y�x)�*o&run3 ê��C{ y8p)q���Ö yKÕ5��Özn&o�xJ��{ m�tHm)y8y&n��w���/y`~�mAv�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ 9¬rHy�y&{�~:� {5Ö5�)��Õ=ß�{ y�n&rHß�tHm æ �32i�C{�~:� {5Ö5�)��Õ=ß�{ y�n&rHß�tHm1_�62©ruo&o�pC~/rHx�<�v�o��w~/{�run�~ pYÖ y�tHm)y�o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y0pC�*n&{ m*tHy�x*n�psrHm)Ö�n�y&{�Sy�pYÖzn�y�vK�C{�o�pCy�y&{�o�m*o�{5Ö mSn&o�pYÖ y&run&rH��Ö=���v�{�rHy�y�pYÖ �)mS�)��Ö y&n�pYÖzn�m��C{Mp)q�m)�2{5ÖM~��C{5ß�tHm)Õ5m)Özn�~�mSv�{�rHy�y�pYÖ �)mSrHÖ y&n�pstutHx)m��kq�m*o�y0~�m)y�� � � çA� ô�ä å"åvæ �y&vKm)�*n&o�mAn&� m*o/Õ�rH�z{ m� \ñ�m@o�x)y&{�tun�psn$Õ5x*o&run�mJ�)m*o&n�m)y|~:�cü*n&o�m�psv�v�o��s����Ö ~/r�p3q�m)�J{5ÖS�)�w~�mAv�tu{ y|�)��Õ�v�tHm*n�~:��x*n&{ ~�m~�m�y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��y3�4ÕSpsrHy¸Ö �C{ y�p)q���Ö y�v�o&rHy�tHm�y��CrHÖ+~:��m)Ö �3pC~/o�m*o�tHm)y�o�x)y&{�tun�psn�y�y&{�o�t�pRvm*o��¡�Co/ÕSpYÖ �)m5~�m)y��JW���5v�o��z~/{�ruo�m�~�m�tB� ä å"å/æ ���)m���{�r$�)��Ö/� ×*o�m��9Ö �Cn&o�m0x*n&{ ~�m��Co&ru��rHÖ�pstHm�~�m�y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��yF{5Ö��3pso�pC�*nb×*o�m�n��C{�n����Bpsruno�x3psturHy&n�m�

 #p�vK�C{�o�y&{�run�mR~�m2�)m2n&o�p)q�psrut�~��Crun��)��Ö �)m*o/Ö m*o�t�p�o�x)y��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�~�m)y0v�o���ß�tG×)Õ5m)y�o�m)Ö �)��Özn&o�x)y�tH�Co�y0~�m2t�pÕ�rHy�m�m)Ö�v�t�pC�)m�~/{£�3pstH�*{�tJ��î�{�o3��psrHÖ y&r@��{ mRtHm��)�C{�v�t�ps��m�~�m)y�o�x)y&{�tun�psn�y�~�mRtB��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Öi�I{5Ö£�)�z~�m�~�my��)x)Ö�pso&rH���)��Õ�v�tHm*nAn�m*t:��{ mFtHm��)�z~�m�ñ@� � ���w~�x*q�m*tH�Cv�vKx�ps{ ñÀW�é� �ñ�m*tu{�r6¢E�*r:vKm*o/Õ5m*n&n&o�p0~�m'Õ�rHm*{/�Rv�o�m)Ö ~/o�mm)Ö_�)��Õ�v�n�m�tHm)y�~/r6�:m*o�m)Ö�n�m)y���{�psturun�x)y�~�m�v�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ­{�n&ruturHy�x)m)y�m*n�~�m��z{�pYÖ�n&rgÜ�m*o�tHm)y¸ÕSpCy�y�m)y�m*n�q��Ctu{5Õ5m)y~�m�~�x)��� m*n�yJ{�tun&rHÕ5m)yJv�o��w~/{�run�y3��psrHÖ y�rk��{ m�~�m�~/rHÕ5m)Ö y�rH��Ö5Ö m*oQtHm)y@{ y&rHÖ m)yF~�m�o�m*n&o�psrun�m)Õ5m)Ö�n�pCy�y��w�*rHx)m)y3

¥ Ý�Ú

® VYV¯b±°²b ® ³µ´ bhVYX£¶Y· ¸¹e¨º » ¼ ½¿¾ À ® d UWZ8Z`UÂÁ

÷ Í &+Ë Ó &�ÃÖ$0Ä Ó

Å�Æ/ÇÈ�É�Ê�ËkÌ}ÊsÍ È þKö Í�Ê � Ç � ʤÎBÍ�Ê � �Kþ Í � ÉCÇ � È�Í�Ê � Í�ʤÏ|È � � Æ � Ï}Ç �8Ð Ç:ÆwÉ � �Å� � Í�Ê�Æ/Ë � È�Ë �Å� ÍÑÏ}ÇKÈÆ/Ë � È�Ë �Å� Í �y� Æ/È�Ç�ÒkË � Æ/ËkÓ£Ì � Ê-É � Ì}ÎEÍ �

ù5� �=Ô=ÕÁÃÂÚe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB %� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB �à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ¥ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û� ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ¼ ¢^Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û ¢^Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û ¢^Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ïÛÝ ¢^Ù/ Sï � Û ¢^Ù/ Sï Ý Û ¢^Ù/ Sï Ý Û ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ ê� � Û¥ Ù ¢ ¥ SÙ3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ � ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ � ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÚ � Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý�ïÛ¥ à ¢ �/ ¥�¥ Û ¢ ¥ � Ý3Û ¢ ¥ SÚ3ÚÛ ¢ ¥ Ý � Û ¢ ¥ Ý ¥ Û ¢ ¥ ¼ � Û�3Ù ¢^ï/ SÃ3ÙÛ ¢^ï/ ê�3ïÛ ¢^ï/ SÙ Ý Û ¢ �/ � �Û ¢ �/ Ý�ïÛ ¢ �/ ¼ Ý Û�3à ¢^Ã/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢�¼ Ý�¼+Û ¢�¼ ¼ Ý Û ¢�¼ ê�3ïÛ ¢^ï/ � ÃÛ ¢^ï/ Ý �Ûï3Ù ¢ Ýw SÙ3ïÛ ¢ Ý ¼��Û ¢^Ã/ �-� Û ¢^Ã/ Ý Ý3Û ¢^Ã/ ê�3ÚÛ ¢�¼ SÚ�Ý3Ûï3ï ¢^Ú/ ê�3ÃÛ ¢ Ýw SÃ-�Û ¢ Ý � Ý3Û ¢ Ý Sà � Û ¢ Ý ¥ ïÛ ¢^Ã/ Ý ÃÛ¼¤Ù ¢ ¥�¥ Sï3ïÛ ¢ ¥ Ù/ SïY¼+Û ¢ � ¼ Ý Û ¢^Ú/ � �Û ¢^Ú/ ê�3ïÛ ¢ Ýw SÃY¼+Û

!$q$"#� Ý ¥�¥ � 238 ��{R� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢Ê¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±}�   â\�   �@� ¡�� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ T�Æ   ¨F� �3�U� ¦�¢   ���b�C�u�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �G�   T

¥ Ý �

ùÄ� �=Ô4�ÁÃÂÚe ô n+1I =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB �¼ ñ�m*tutB �à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ ¥ ÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û¥ Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ� Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ¼ Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û Ù/ ¥ ÙÛ Ù/ ¥ ïÛ Ù/ ¥ ÃÛÝ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ Ý Û Ù/ ¥ ¼+Û Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ Ù/ ê�Y¼+Û¥ Ù ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÙÛ Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û Ù/ ê�Y¼+Û Ù/ ê��Ý3Û Ù/ ¼3¼+Û¥ à ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ ê� Ý Û Ù/ Sï3ÙÛ Ù/ Sï3ÙÛ Ù/ Ý ïÛ�3Ù ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ ê�3ÙÛ Ù/ ê�3ÃÛ Ù/ ê�3ÃÛ Ù/ ¼¤ÙÛ Ù/ SÚ3ÃÛ�3à Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ Sï ¥ Û Ù/ ê� Ý Û Ù/ ê�3ïÛ Ù/ Sà ¥ Û ¥ SÙ3ÙÛï3Ù Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ ê� Ý Û Ù/ ê�3ÙÛ Ù/ ê�Y¼+Û Ù/ Sà � Û ¥ ¥ Ý3Ûï3ï Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ ¥ � Û Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ Ù/ ê� � Û Ù/ Ý ÙÛ ¥ ê� � Û¼¤Ù ¢^Ù/ SÙ Ý Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ Ù/ Ý/¥ Û ¥ SÃ3ÚÛ

!Cq#"$� Ý ¥ ��� 239 �8{R� · �b�3��Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ �>õs ¢Ê¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡>¢ ±|�   â\�   ��� ¡A� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ T�Æ   ¨Q� ���U� ¦h¢   ���b���6�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ Ú3Ù

ù5� �KØK�ÁÃÂÚe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û¥ ¢^Ù/ SÙ Ý Û Ù/ SÙY¼+Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û� Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙ-�Û¼ Ù/ Sï3ÚÛ Ù/ ¥ ïÛ Ù/ SÙ Ý Û Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛÝ Ù/ SÃ�Ý3Û Ù/ ê� Ý Û Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ Ù/ SÙ � Û¥ Ù ¥ ¥ ïÛ Ù/ Ý ¥ Û Ù/ Sï-�Û Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û Ù/ ¥ �Û Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ¥ à ¥ Sï3ÙÛ Ù/ � �Û Ù/ ¼ Ý Û Ù/ Sï � Û Ù/ Sï-�Û Ù/ ¥ �Û�3Ù ¥ SÙ3ÃÛ ¥ SÙ Ý Û Ù/ Ý �Û Ù/ Ý/¥ Û Ù/ Sà � Û Ù/ ê� ¥ Û�3à ¥ ¥ ÚÛ ¥ ê�3ÚÛ Ù/ � ïÛ Ù/ �-� Û Ù/ � ÙÛ Ù/ SÃY¼+Ûï3Ù ¥ Ý ¥ Û ¥ Ý � Û ¥ ê��Ý3Û ¥ ê�3ÃÛ ¥ ¥ ÃÛ Ù/ Ý Ý Ûï3ï ¥ �-� Û �/ SÙ � Û ¥ ¼¤ÙÛ ¥ ê�3ÚÛ ¥ ¥ Ý3Û Ù/ SÚ ¥ Û¼¤Ù �/ ¥¹Ý Û �/ SÚ Ý Û ¥ SÚ3ÙÛ ¥ ¼ � Û ¥ ê�Y¼+Û Ù/ � ¥ Û

!$q$"#� Ý ¥ ï�� 240 ��{R� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢Ê¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±}�   â\�   �@� ¡�� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ T�Æ   ¨F� �3�U� ¦�¢   ���b�C�u�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �G�   T

¥ Ú ¥

ùÄ� �KØÅÿÁÃÂÚe ô n+1I =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB �¼ ñ�m*tutB �à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ-�Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ-�Û Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ � Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ¥ Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥�¥ Û ¢^Ù/ ¥�¥ Û� ¢^Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ê� � Û ¢^Ù/ ê�-�Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ê�-�Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ¼ ¢^Ù/ Ý Ý Û ¢^Ù/ Sï3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ê�3ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ ¼¤ÙÛÝ ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ¼��Û ¢^Ù/ ê�Y¼+Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ � Û ¢^Ù/ Sï Ý Û ¢^Ù/ SÃ�Ý3Û¥ Ù ¢ ¥ ê�3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ �-� Û ¢^Ù/ SÃ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ ¼3¼+Û ¢^Ù/ ¼ � Û¥ à ¢^Ù/ Ý Ý Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ � Û ¢^Ù/ SÃ�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ Ý Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ Ý�ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý/¥ Û�3Ù ¢^Ù/ ¥ �Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ � Ý Û ¢ ¥ ê�Y¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ÃÛ�3à ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý Ý Û ¢ ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ ¢ ¥ ¼¤ÚÛ ¢ ¥ Ý � Û ¢ ¥ SÃ3ÃÛï3Ù ¢^Ù/ ê�3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ � ÃÛ ¢ ¥ ¥�¥ Û ¢ ¥ SÃ Ý Û ¢ ¥ SÚ�Ý3Û ¢ ¥ SÚ3ïÛï3ï ¢^Ù/ ê�3ÚÛ ¢ ¥ SÙY¼+Û ¢ ¥ SÙ Ý Û ¢ ¥ SïY¼+Û ¢ ¥ Ý ÃÛ ¢ ¥ Ý Ý Û¼¤Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ ¢ ¥ ¥ ÚÛ ¢ ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ ¢ ¥ ¥ ÃÛ ¢ ¥ ê� ¥ Û ¢ ¥ ¼¤ïÛ

!Cq#"$� Ý ¥ ¼�� 241 �8{R� · �b�3��Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ �>õs ¢Ê¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡>¢ ±|�   â\�   ��� ¡A� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ T�Æ   ¨Q� ���U� ¦h¢   ���b���6�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ Ú-�

ù5� �KØn�ÁÃÂÚe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � Ý3Û Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � Ý3Û Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù Ù/ � ÃÛ Ù/ � Ý Û Ù/ � Ý3Û Ù/ � Ý3Û Ù/ � ÚÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ¥ Ù/ � ÃÛ Ù/ � Ý Û Ù/ �-� Û Ù/ �-� Û ¥ SÙ ¥ Û ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ� Ù/ � �Û Ù/ � ¼+Û Ù/ � ¼+Û Ù/ � ¼+Û ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ � ÚÛ¼ Ù/ Ý�ÃÛ Ù/ Ý�ÚÛ Ù/ Ý � Û Ù/ SÚ Ý Û Ù/ SÚ � Û Ù/ � ¥ ÛÝ Ù/ Ý/¥ Û Ù/ Ý Ý3Û Ù/ Ý0�Û Ù/ SÚ-�Û Ù/ SÚ3ÃÛ Ù/ SÚ � Û¥ Ù Ù/ ¼¤ÃÛ Ù/ ¼¤ïÛ Ù/ SÃ3ïÛ Ù/ Ý ïÛ Ù/ SÚ3ÃÛ Ù/ �-� Û¥ à Ù/ ê�-�Û Ù/ SÙ�Ý3Û Ù/ Sï Ý Û Ù/ ¼ � Û Ù/ Ý0�Û Ù/ � ÙÛ�3Ù ¢^Ù/ ê� Ý Û ¢^Ù/ Sï3ïÛ Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ Ù/ SÃ3ÙÛ Ù/ Ý Ý3Û�3à ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ Sï3ïÛ Ù/ ê�3ïÛ Ù/ Sï3ïÛ Ù/ ¼ ¥ Û Ù/ Sà � Ûï3Ù ¢^Ù/ ê�-�Û ¢^Ù/ ¼ Ý Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ Sï3ÙÛ Ù/ ¼8Ý3Ûï3ï ¢^Ù/ SïY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ Ý�ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ ê�3ïÛ Ù/ ê�3ÙÛ Ù/ Sï Ý Û¼¤Ù ¢^Ù/ ¼3¼+Û ¢ ¥ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ Sà ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ Sà � Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ

!$q$"#� Ý ¥ Ã�� 242 ��{R� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢Ê¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±}�   â\�   �@� ¡�� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ T�Æ   ¨F� �3�U� ¦�¢   ���b�C�u�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �G�   T

¥ Ú3ï

÷ Ó �KØÅÿÁÃÂÚe ô n+1I =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB �¼ ñ�m*tutB �à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ-�Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ-�Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ ÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù ¢^Ù/ ¥ �Û ¢^Ù/ ¥�¥ Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ � Û ¢^Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ Ý Û ¢^Ù/ SÙY¼+Û¥ ¢^Ù/ ê� Ý Û ¢^Ù/ ê�3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ � Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ¼+Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ ÙÛ� ¢^Ù/ SÃ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ ¼ � Û ¢^Ù/ ¼¤ïÛ ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ ¢^Ù/ ê� Ý Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ � Û¼ ¢ ¥ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ �-� Û ¢^Ù/ � �Û ¢^Ù/ Ý ¼+Û ¢^Ù/ Sà ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ ¼8Ý3ÛÝ ¢ ¥ Ý ÙÛ ¢ ¥ ¼3¼+Û ¢ ¥ ê� Ý Û ¢^Ù/ � ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý-Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ Ý � Û¥ Ù ¢ �/ Sï Ý Û ¢ �/ ê�-�Û ¢ ¥ Ý ïÛ ¢ ¥ ¼ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ SÙ � Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ ¥ Û¥ à ¢^ï/ ê�3ÃÛ ¢ �/ � Ý Û ¢ �/ Sï3ïÛ ¢ �/ ¥ � Û ¢ ¥ Ý ÚÛ ¢ ¥ ê�3ÚÛ�3Ù ¢^ï/ Ý�ÚÛ ¢^ï/ SÃ3ÃÛ ¢^ï/ ¥ �Û ¢^ï/ SÙ3ÃÛ ¢ �/ Sï3ïÛ ¢ ¥ Ý ¥ Û�3à ¢�¼ ¥ ¼+Û ¢�¼ SÙ ¥ Û ¢^ï/ Ý0�Û ¢^ï/ Ý ÃÛ ¢ �/ SÚ � Û ¢ �/ ¥ �Ûï3Ù ¢�¼ SÃ Ý Û ¢�¼ Ý ïÛ ¢�¼ ¼¤ïÛ ¢�¼ ê�3ÙÛ ¢^ï/ ¼8Ý3Û ¢ �/ SÃY¼+Ûï3ï ¢�¼ � ïÛ ¢^Ã/ SÙY¼+Û ¢�¼ SÚ3ÙÛ ¢�¼ SÃY¼+Û ¢^ï/ � ÙÛ ¢ �/ � ÙÛ¼¤Ù ¢^Ã/ Ý ¥ Û ¢ Ý SÙY¼+Û ¢^Ã/ Ý ¼+Û ¢^Ã/ Sï-�Û ¢�¼ Ý � Û ¢^ï/ ¼8Ý3Û

!Cq#"$� Ý ¥¹Ý � 241 é'Õh� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢�¡ �>õs ¢�¡ � ¦ �@õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±8�   â\�   �@� ¡|� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ TCÆ   ¨F� ���/� ¦�¢   ���b���6�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ ÚY¼

÷ Ó �KØt� m

ÁÃÂÚe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB �ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB ÝÙ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ

Ù/ ¥ à ¢ Ýw ¼ Ý Û ¢ Ýw Ý�ÙÛ ¢^Ú/ Ý�ÙÛ ¢ � SïY¼+Û ¢ ¥ Ù/ SÚ ¥ Û ¢ ¥�¥ ¼ � ÛÙ/ Sà ¢^Ã/ Sï Ý Û ¢ Ý ê� ¥ Û ¢ Ýw SÙ3ïÛ ¢ Ýw Ý0�Û ¢ � SÙ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ Ù/ ê� Ý Û¥ ¢ �/ Ý�ïÛ ¢�¼ SÙ ¥ Û ¢�¼ Ý�ÚÛ ¢^Ã/ ¼ � Û ¢ Ý Ý�ÙÛ ¢^Ú/ ê�3ÙÛ� ¥ ê�3ïÛ Ù/ ê�Y¼+Û ¢^Ù/ SÃ�Ý3Û ¢ �/ SÙ-�Û ¢^ï/ � ÃÛ ¢^Ã/ SÚY¼+Û¼ Ú/ ê�3ÃÛ Ýw ê� ¥ Û Ý Sï3ïÛ ï/ Ý-Ý3Û ¥ Ý/¥ Û ¢^Ù/ ê� ¥ ÛÝ ¥ ¼ ¥ � Û ¥ �/ �-� Û ¥�¥ SÃ3ÃÛ � SÙY¼+Û Ý Ý�ÙÛ ¼ ¥�¥ Û¥ Ù �3ï/ SÙ3ïÛ �-�/ ¥ � Û ¥ � SÚ � Û ¥ Ú/ ê�3ïÛ ¥ ¼ SÚ3ÚÛ ¥ Ù/ Ý Ý Û¥ Ã ï ¥ SÃ-�Û ï3Ù/ Ý ¼+Û �3Ú/ � ÚÛ ��Ýw ¼¤ÚÛ �3ï/ � ¥ Û ¥ � ¼ Ý Û�3Ù ï�Ýw ¼¤ÃÛ ï Ý SÚ3ÙÛ ï3Ã/ Ý-Ý3Û ïY¼ ¼ ¥ Û ï ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ � Ý Sï3ÚÛ�3à ¼ ¥ SÚ3ïÛ ¼ ¥ Sï3ïÛ ¼¤Ù/ Ý/¥ Û ï � Sï � Û ï Ý ¼��Û ï ¥ � ÚÛï3Ù ¼¤Ã/ ê� Ý Û ¼3¼ � ¥ Û ¼3¼ ¼3¼+Û ¼¤ï/ ê� ¥ Û ¼¤Ù/ Ý�ïÛ ï Ý Ý ¼+Ûï3ï ¼8Ýw ¥ �Û ¼ Ý Ý � Û ¼ Ý Sï3ÙÛ ¼¤Ã/ ê�3ÙÛ ¼¤ï/ SÙ ¥ Û ï � ê�3ÙÛ¼¤Ù Ã3Ù/ SÚ-�Û Ã3Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û ¼ � � ¥ Û ¼ � SÙ Ý Û ¼8Ýw Sï3ÚÛ ¼3¼ ¥ ïÛ

!$q$"#� Ý ¥ Ýg� 242 é'Õ m � · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ �>õs ¢�¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±��   â+�   ��� ¡2� ���I�   â+�   ��� ¡ TÈÆ   ¨F� �3�U� ¦�¢   ��b�C�u�)âw� ² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ Ú3Ã

÷ Ó �KØ#ÔÁçe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù ¢ Ýw Ý ïÛ ¢ Ý ¥�¥ Û ¢^Ú/ Sà ¥ Û ¢^Ú/ ¥ ÃÛ ¢ � SÃ3ïÛ ¢ ¥ �/ SÚ ¥ ÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù ¥ � ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ Sà ¥ Û ¢ ¥ � ¥ Û ¢^Ã/ ¼��Û ¢^Ã/ Sï3ïÛ¥ Ù/ SÃ3ÚÛ ¢ ¥ ê� ¥ Û ¢ �/ SÚ ¥ Û ¢^ï/ ¥ ÙÛ ¢ Ý SÙ3ÃÛ ¢ Ý ¥ � Û� ¥ SÃ�Ý3Û Ù/ ¥ ïÛ Ù/ SÃ3ïÛ Ù/ ¥ ÃÛ ¢^ï/ SÃ-�Û ¢ �/ SÚ � Û¼ ¼ SÙ ¥ Û ï/ ê�-�Û �/ Ý � Û ¥ ¥ �Û Ù/ ¥ �Û ¢^Ù/ Ý/¥ ÛÝ ¼ ê��Ý3Û ï/ ¼ � Û �/ ê�-�Û Ù/ Ý ¥ Û Ù/ SÙ-�Û ¢ ¥ ¥ ÚÛ¥ Ù ï/ Ý0�Û ï/ SÚ3ÚÛ �/ ¼3¼+Û ¥ Ý0�Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ÙÛ ¢^ï/ SÚ � Û¥ à ï/ SÚ � Û ¼ SÙ3ÃÛ �/ ¥ ÚÛ ¥ ¼8Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ ¢ �/ SÚ3ÃÛ�3Ù Ã/ SÃ-�Û Ã/ SÙY¼+Û �/ Ý ¥ Û �/ SÙ ¥ Û ¥ ¥ ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý �Û�3à ¼ ¥ ÃÛ ¼ SÙY¼+Û ¥ SÚ-�Û ¥ ¼ � Û Ù/ �-� Û ¢^Ù/ ê�3ÃÛï3Ù ï/ ¼¤ÃÛ ï/ ¼¤ÙÛ ¥ Ý�ÙÛ ¥ Ý�ÚÛ Ù/ ¼¤ïÛ ¢^Ù/ Ý/¥ Ûï3ï ï/ Sï3ÚÛ ï/ Ý � Û �/ SÙ3ÃÛ �/ ê�-�Û Ù/ Sï�Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ ¼ Ý Û¼¤Ù �/ SÚ3ÚÛ ï/ Ý�ÚÛ �/ ¥ Ý3Û �/ Sï�Ý3Û Ù/ ¼¤ÙÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ �Û

!Cq#"$� Ý ¥ ÚF� 243 é'Õh� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢�¡ �>õs ¢�¡ � ¦ �@õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±8�   â\�   �@� ¡|� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ TCÆ   ¨F� ���/� ¦�¢   ���b���6�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ Ú Ý

Ù Ó �KØt�ÁÃÂÚe ô n+1� =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB %� ñ�m*tutB �ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù �-�/ SïY¼+Û �-�/ ¥ � Û � ¥ SÃ3ÙÛ � ¥ SÙ Ý Û �3Ù/ SÙ3ÃÛ ¥ � Ý �ÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù �-�/ Ý Ý Û �-�/ ê�-�Û � ¥ Ý0�Û � ¥ Sï ¥ Û �3Ù/ SÃ-�Û ¥ � SÚ ¥ Û¥ �3ï/ ¥ ÃÛ �-�/ Sï�Ý3Û � ¥ � ÚÛ � ¥ Ý ÃÛ � ¥ SÙ�Ý3Û �3Ù/ Sï3ÃÛ

� �3ï/ ¥ ¼+Û �-�/ Ý0�Û �-�/ ¼¤ÃÛ � ¥ Ý0�Û �3Ù/ SÚ-�Û �3Ù/ ¥ ÃÛ¼ �3ï/ SÙ3ÃÛ �-�/ SÚ ¥ Û �-�/ Ý Ý Û � ¥ Sï ¥ Û �3Ù/ Ý � Û �3Ù/ Ý�ïÛÝ �-�/ SÚ Ý Û �-�/ Sà � Û �-�/ ê� ¥ Û � ¥ SÙ3ÙÛ �3Ù/ Ý3Ý Û �3Ù/ SÃ Ý Û¥ Ù � ¥ SÚ ¥ Û � ¥ �-� Û �3Ù/ Ý�ÙÛ �3Ù/ Ý�¼+Û ¥ � � �Û ¥ � SÙ3ÃÛ¥ à � ¥ ¼3¼+Û � ¥ ¥�¥ Û �3Ù/ Ý ïÛ �3Ù/ � ÃÛ �3Ù/ ¥�¥ Û ¥ � Sà ¥ Û�3Ù �3Ù/ � ÚÛ �3Ù/ Ý ÙÛ �3Ù/ SÚ�Ý3Û � ¥ ¥ �Û �3Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û ¥ � SÃ3ÙÛ�3à �3Ù/ Ý ÙÛ �3Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û �3Ù/ ¼ Ý Û �3Ù/ ¼ ¥ Û ¥ � Ý0�Û ¥ � ê� ¥ Ûï3Ù �3Ù/ SïY¼+Û �3Ù/ ¥ Ý3Û �3Ù/ Sï3ÚÛ ¥ � Ý � Û ¥ � ¼¤ÙÛ ¥ Ú/ SÚ3ÃÛï3ï �3Ù/ Sï Ý Û �3Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ �3Ù/ ¥ ÚÛ ¥ � Sà � Û ¥ � Sà ¥ Û ¥ Ú/ �-� Û¼¤Ù �3Ù/ SÙ3ÚÛ �3Ù/ SÙ ¥ Û ¥ � SÚY¼+Û ¥ � Sï3ÚÛ ¥ � Sï3ÙÛ ¥ Ú/ Ý �Û

!$q$"#� Ý ¥ � � 242 ñCÕ«� · �v����Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢�¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±`�   â+�   ��� ¡�� �����   â\�   �@� ¡ TCÆ   ¨F� ���/� ¦h¢   ���b�C�u�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �G�   T

¥ Ú�Ý

Ù Ó �:Ø#ÔÁÃÂÚe ô n+1I =� ñ�m*tutB ¥ ñ�m*tutB H� ñ�m*tutB @ï ñ�m*tutB 5¼ ñ�m*tutB @à ñ�m*tutB Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ à ¥ Ýw SÃ-�Û ¥ Ýw SÙ�Ý3Û ¥ Ýw Sï-�Û ¥ Ú/ SÙY¼+Û ¥ Ýw SÙ3ïÛ ¥¹Ý ¼ Ý ÛÙ/ Sà ¥ Ýw ê� Ý Û ¥ Ýw ê�3ÙÛ ¥¹Ý SÚ3ïÛ ¥¹Ý Sï Ý Û ¥¹Ý ê�3ÚÛ ¥ ¼ SÙ3ÃÛ¥ ¥ � ¥ ÃÛ ¥ Ú/ ê� � Û ¥¹Ý � Ý3Û ¥¹Ý SÃ3ÃÛ ¥ Ýw ê� ¥ Û ¥ ¼ Ý Ý Û� ¥ � SÙ-�Û ¥ Ýw SÙ3ïÛ ¥¹Ý Sï Ý Û ¥ Ã/ Ý ÙÛ ¥ Ã/ Sï3ÙÛ ¥ Ã/ SÙY¼+Û¼ �3Ù/ Ý ÃÛ �3Ù/ ¥¹Ý Û ¥ Ú/ Ý � Û ¥ Ýw SÃ3ÃÛ ¥ Ýw SÙY¼+Û ¥ Ýw Sï � ÛÝ ¥ � SÙ Ý Û ¥ � Ý�ïÛ ¥ � ¥ Ý3Û ¥ Ú/ Sï3ÃÛ ¥ Ýw ê�-�Û ¥ Ú/ Sï � Û¥ Ù ¥ Ú/ Ý�ïÛ ¥ � SÃ�Ý3Û ¥ � Ý3Ý Û ¥ Ú/ SïY¼+Û ¥ Ýw ¥ Ý3Û ¥ Ýw ê�3ïÛ¥ à � ¥ ê� ¥ Û � ¥ ê�3ÙÛ � ¥ ¥¹Ý Û ¥ � Sà � Û ¥ Ú/ Ý3Ý Û ¥ Ýw SÚ-�Û�3Ù �3Ù/ Ý ¼+Û �3Ù/ SÚ ¥ Û �3Ù/ Ý � Û �3Ù/ Sï�Ý3Û ¥ � Sï3ÚÛ ¥ Ýw �-� Û�3à ¥ � Ý/¥ Û �3Ù/ Sï-�Û �3Ù/ Ý ¥ Û � ¥ ¥ ïÛ ¥ � � ¼+Û ¥ � ¥�¥ Ûï3Ù ¥ � ê�Y¼+Û ¥ � SÚ3ÙÛ �3Ù/ ê�3ÙÛ �3Ù/ Ý ¼+Û ¥ � SÚ3ÃÛ ¥ � ¥ �Ûï3ï ¥ � ¼��Û ¥ � Ý ÙÛ �3Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ �3Ù/ SïY¼+Û ¥ � SÚ3ÙÛ ¥ � SÙ-�Û¼¤Ù ¥ � SÙ ¥ Û ¥ Ú/ SÚ3ïÛ ¥ � SÙ � Û ¥ � ¥ ÃÛ ¥ Ú/ Ý0�Û ¥ Ú/ Ý ïÛ

!Cq#"$� Ý ê�3Ù�� 243 ñCÕÚ� · �b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ �>õs ¢�¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡>¢ ±`�   â+�   ��� ¡}� �����   â\�   ��� ¡ TCÆ   ¨F� ���/� ¦�¢   ���b���6�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �¬�   T

¥ Ú3Ú

Ù Ó �KØkØÁÃÂÚe ô n ñ�m*tutt� ñ�m*tutÞï ñ�m*tut4¼ ñ�m*tutÞà ñ�m*tut Ý ñ�m*tut>Ý

Ù Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛ Ù/ SÙ3ÙÛÙ/ ¥ Ã3Ù ¢ Ý �/ � ÃÛ ¢ Ý Ù/ ¥ ¼+Û ¢ Ý ¼ SÃ Ý Û ¢ Ý Ã/ ê�-�Û ¢ Ý3Ý � ¼+Û ¢ Ý�Ã/ SÙ�Ý3ÛÙ/ SÃ3Ù3Ù ¢ ¥ ¼ Ý ¼+Û ¢ ¥¹Ý � Ý Û ¢ ¥ � ¼¤ÃÛ ¢ ¥ Ú/ Sï3ÚÛ ¢ �3Ù/ � ÚÛ ¢ �-�/ SÙ3ïÛ¥ ¢�¼ Sï3ÚÛ ¢ Ý SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ú/ ¼ ¥ Û ¢^Ú/ ê�3ÚÛ ¢ ¥�¥ SÃ3ïÛ ¢ ¥ �/ Ý�ÚÛ� ¢ ¥ Sï3ÙÛ ¢^ï/ � ÙÛ ¢^Ã/ SÙ3ÚÛ ¢^Ã/ Sï3ÙÛ ¢ � Sï�Ý3Û ¢^Ú/ Ý � Û¼ Ù/ ¼8Ý3Û ¢^Ù/ SÚ3ÚÛ ¢^Ù/ SÃY¼+Û ¢ �/ SÙ3ÚÛ ¢^Ã/ SïY¼+Û ¢�¼ ê�3ÙÛÝ �/ SÙ � Û Ù/ Ý3Ý Û Ù/ SÙ Ý Û ¢ ¥ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢^ï/ ¥�¥ Û ¢�¼ SÙ3ÚÛ¥ Ù ¥ � ÃÛ �/ ¥ � Û Ù/ SÙ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ SÙ-�Û ¢^ï/ SÙ�Ý3Û ¢ Ý SÙ3ÙÛ¥ à ¥ SÙ Ý Û �/ SÙ ¥ Û ¥ ê�3ÙÛ Ù/ Sï-�Û ¢ �/ ê� Ý Û ¢^Ã/ ê� � Û�3Ù ¥ ¥ �Û ¥ Ý�ÙÛ Ù/ SÚ � Û Ù/ ê�3ïÛ ¢ �/ SÚ-�Û ¢^Ã/ ê�-�Û�3à �/ Sà � Û ¥ � Ý3Û Ù/ Ý-Ý3Û Ù/ ¥ � Û ¢ �/ Sï3ÙÛ ¢^Ã/ SÙ ¥ Ûï3Ù ï/ SÃY¼+Û ï/ SïY¼+Û ¥ SÚ�Ý3Û ¥ ê� ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ Ý Ý3Û ¢^ï/ ê�-�Ûï3ï ï/ SÃ3ÃÛ ï/ SÃ3ÚÛ �/ SÙY¼+Û ¥ SÃ3ïÛ ¢^Ù/ Sï3ÙÛ ¢ �/ Ý ÃÛ¼¤Ù �/ SÚ � Û ï/ ¼ ¥ Û �/ SÙ Ý Û ¥ Ý�¼+Û ¢^Ù/ Sà ¥ Û ¢ �/ Sï Ý Û

!$q$"#� Ý ê� ¥ � 244 ñCÕ«� · �v����Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢�¡ � ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ ±`�   â+�   ��� ¡�� �����   â\�   �@� ¡ TCÆ   ¨F� ���/� ¦h¢   ���b�C�u�)âw�² P ñ ·k× ì �   �G�   T

¥ Ú �

 km)ynÜ ��{�o�m)y Ý ¥ ¼2m*n Ý ¥ Ã5rututu{ y&n&o�m)Özn��)m)yFx)�3pso&n�y�v�C{�oFtHm)yQ�)�C{�o���Ö5Ö m)y�rHÖ�n�x*o&rHm*{�o�m)y�m*nFm��/n�x*o&rHm*{�o�m)y�y&{�o�z{ m*tH��{ m)yQm��/m)Õ�v�tHm)yJ~:��pC�*n&rHÖ�rH~�m)y��0qwrHm�tH��Ö���{ m�

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

inte

rne

U 232U 233U 234

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

ext

erne

U 232 U 233 U 234

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-12,5

-10

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

inte

rne

Pu 238 Pu 239 Pu 240 Pu 241 Pu 242

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-12,5

-10

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

ext

erne

Pu 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 241Pu 242

A6B�C�� Ý ¥ ¼�� ÆK�C�6��âz��IkÛ0Lsâ£Ü�Æ   ¨F� ���/� ¦h¢   � £¤¡>¢ �b���6�)âw� ¢¨Ý 74Ä:9 ®1ÞY· ò>ò S8T ¥ ° ¡ Ö ì �   �G�  Úí · õ   � â/Ö ¦   �£¤¡>¢ &�b���*Ö ¢   � ¢�¡ �>õs ¢¯¢ â\�S�+N ¡�¢ Ö ¦�¨ ��Ö ¦   � £¤¡>¢S¦ �@õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢ò£¤¡ P ¡ Ö'Lsâ �   â+�R� ¡>¢ �   â\�   ��� ¡�¢R¦ ��Ö ¡ ��� ¡>¢ò¡ Ö¡ L Ö ¡ ��� ¡�¢Ê£ âI�)�/�C(   �wT ÞY· ò>òÜS8T ¥

¥ � Ù

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-15

-12,5

-10

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

inte

rne

Pa 233Np 237Th 232

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-15

-12,5

-10

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

ext

erne

Pa 233Np 237Th 232

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-20-15-10

-505

1015202530354045505560

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

inte

rne

Am 241Am 242Am 243Cm 242Cm 243Cm 244

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40GWj/t

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Ecar

ts en

inve

ntai

res (

%) M

URE

/Apo

llo -

Cour

onne

ext

erne

Am 241Am 242Am 243Cm 242Cm 243Cm 244

A6B[CA� Ý ¥ Ã��´ÆK�C�u�)âz�ÅIkÛ0L�âRÜ1Æ   ¨F� ���/� ¦h¢   � £¤¡>¢ �b���6�)âw� ¢SÝ 74Ä:9 ®1ÞY· ò>ò½S8T ¥ ° ¡ Ö ì �   �G�  ;í · õ   � â/Ö ¦   � £¤¡�¢&�b���*Ö ¢   � ¢¹¡ ��õC ¢'¢ â+���+N ¡�¢ Ö ¦�¨ ��Ö ¦   � £¤¡�¢�¦ �@õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡�¢¸£¤¡ § â ¡ � § â ¡�¢ ���)Ö ¦ � ¦"£¤¡�¢|�   â\�F� ¡�¢ �   â+�   ��� ¡�¢�¦ ��Ö ¡ �>� ¡�¢¡ Ö ¡ L Ö ¡ �>� ¡�¢6£ âI�)�/�C(   �wT

¥ � ¥

® VYV¯b§°²b ´ ³àß ^#á âfe¨bhVãc¨bh] ´ ¸¹]gbh][ä

÷ Í &²Ë Ó &�ÃÖ$0Ä Ó

Å�Æ/ÇKÈ�É�Ê�Ë=Ì�ÊsÍ È þKö Í�Ê�Ê � È+ÎBÍ�Ê �]�nþ Í � É�Ç � È�Í�Ê � Í�ÊIÏ|È �]� Æ � Ï|Ç �8Ð Ç:ÆwÉ � �Å� � Í�Ê�Í � Ó§Ë � Í�Ç:ÊCÊ-Í�Ó¤åÌ�ÎBÇKæ=Í ��ç���èÀ� Í � Æ/Í � Í�Ê�Ì|Ç:ÊsÍ�Ê � Í�Ê � Ë �y��ö Í�Ê �

Ý@é�ê)ëzì �-�3Ù3Ù ¥�¥ �3Ù3Ù �-�3ï3Ù3Ù ï3ï3Ã3Ù3Ù ¼¤Ã3Ù3Ù3Ù245 ñCÕ ï/ ¼+Û ¢ �/ ¥ Û ¢ Ýw ¼+Û ¢ ¥�¥ Ý Û ¢ ¥ Ú/ Ý3Û244 ñCÕ ¢ � ê�Û ¢^Ã/ SÃÛ ¢^Ã/ � Û ¢^Ã/ ê�Û ¢�¼ SÃÛ243 ñCÕ ¢^ï/ Ý3Û ¢^Ú/ SÚÛ ¢ ¥ Ú/ SÚÛ ¢ � Ý SÃÛ ¢^ïY¼ ¼+Û242 ñCÕ Ã/ � Û ¼ ê�Û ï/ SïÛ ï/ SÙÛ �/ ¥ Û245 é�Õ ¢ ¥ ï/ SÃÛ ¢ ¥�¥ ê�Û ¢ ¥ �/ SïÛ ¢ � SÙÛ ¢^Ã/ ¥ Û244 é�Õ ¢ � SÙÛ ¢ Ý Ý3Û ¢ Ýw SÙÛ ¢�¼ ¼+Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ Û243 é�Õ ¢ Ý SÃÛ ¢�¼ Ý3Û ¢^ï/ Ý3Û ¢ ¥ SÚÛ ¢ ¥ ê�Û

242 é'Õ m Ýw ¥ Û � SÃÛ ¥ �/ ê�Û ¥ ï/ ê�Û ¥ �/ SïÛ242 é�Õ Ý � Û ¥ Ù/ SÙÛ ¥ ï/ ¥ Û ¥ ï/ ¼+Û ¥ �/ SïÛ241 é�Õ ¢^Ù/ SïÛ ¢ ¥ SïÛ ¢ �/ ¼+Û ¢^ï/ SÃÛ ¢�¼ Ý Û234 æ ¢^ï/ SÚÛ ¢ �/ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ SÚÛ ¢ ¥ Ý Û ¢ ¥ SïÛ233 æ ¢^Ã/ SÚÛ ¢�¼ ¼+Û ¢�¼ ê�Û ¢�¼ SïÛ ¢�¼ SïÛ232 æ ¢ ¥ ï/ SÃÛ ¢ ¥�¥ SïÛ ¢ Ýw ¼+Û ¢^Ã/ Ý3Û ¢^Ã/ Ý3Û234 �$p ¢�¼ SÃÛ ¢ �/ � Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ Ý Û Ù/ ê�Û233 �$p ¢^Ã/ SÚÛ ¢�¼ ¼+Û ¢�¼ ¼+Û ¢^ï/ SÃÛ ¢^ï/ ê�Û

!Cq#"$� Ý ê�-�í� · �b���*Ö ¢ ¢ â+�a�ÔN ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡ Ö   Ö��C�±�   � ¢ Ö���ÖE ¢ ¡ ��Ö � ¡ £C¦ G >� ¡ ��Ö ¡�¢ �b� ¢�¡�¢Ï£¤¡ £   ��� ¡�¢®1ÞY·�îFï � ×5·�îQï ò ° �   â\� § â ¡ � § â ¡�¢ ���)Ö ¦ � ¦"£¤¡�¢ T

¥ � �

Ý@é�ê3ëzì �-�3Ù3Ù ¥�¥ �3Ù3Ù �-�3ï3Ù3Ù ï3ï3Ã3Ù3Ù ¼¤Ã3Ù3Ù3Ù245 ñCÕ ¢^Ã/ Ý Û ¢ ¥ ï/ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ Ýw ê�Û ¢ � ¥ ê�Û ¢ ��Ýw SïÛ244 ñCÕ ¢ Ý � Û ¢�¼ ¼+Û ¢�¼ SïÛ ¢^ï/ � Û ¢^ï/ SÙÛ243 ñCÕ �/ Ý Û ¢^ï/ � Û ¢ ¥ Ã/ SïÛ ¢ �Y¼ ¼+Û ¢^ï-�/ ê�Û242 ñCÕ ¥�¥ ¼+Û � SÃÛ Ýw SïÛ Ã/ SÃÛ ¼ SïÛ244 é�Õ ¢ Ý � Û ¢^Ã/ SÙÛ ¢�¼ Ý Û ¢�¼ ê�Û ¢^ï/ SïÛ243 é�Õ ¢^ï/ � Û ¢^ï/ SÃÛ ¢ �/ ê�Û ¢ ¥ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ SÚÛ

242 é'Õ m ¥ Ú/ SÃÛ ¼3¼ SÚÛ Ý-Ýw Ý3Û ¥ Ù3Ú/ SïÛ ¥ ï3Ã/ ¥ Û242 é�Õ ¥ Ú/ ê�Û ¼��/ Ý3Û Ý0�/ SÙÛ � Ú/ SÙÛ ¥ �3Ù/ SïÛ241 é�Õ ¢^Ù/ Ý Û ¢ �/ Ý Û ¢�¼ Ý Û ¢ Ý SïÛ ¢ Ýw � Û242 �8{ Ù/ ¥ Û Ù/ Ý3Û ¥ ê�Û ¥ SÃÛ �/ ¥ Û241 �8{ ¢^Ù/ ê�Û ¢^Ù/ � Û ¢ ¥ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ ¼+Û ¢ ¥ ¼+Û240 �8{ Ù/ ¥ Û Ù/ ¼+Û Ù/ Ý3Û Ù/ � Û ¥ ¥ Û239 �8{ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ SÙÛ ¢^Ù/ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ ¥ Û Ù/ SÙÛ238 �8{ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ ¼+Û ¥ SÙÛ ¥ Ý Û �/ SÙÛ238 êFv ¢^Ù/ Ý Û ¢ ¥ ¥ Û ¢�¼ ê�Û ¢�¼ ê�Û ¢�¼ ¼+Û237 êFv ¢^Ù/ SïÛ ¢ ¥ SÃÛ ¢ �/ SÃÛ ¢^ï/ SïÛ ¢^ï/ � Û236 êFv ¢^Ã/ � Û ¢^ï/ Ý Û Ù/ SÚÛ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ Ý Û237 æ Ù/ ¥ Û ¢^Ã/ SÃÛ ¢ �/ ê�Û ï/ Ý3Û ï/ Ý Û236 æ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ ê�Û ¢^Ù/ ¼+Û ¢ ¥ ¥ Û ¢ ¥ Ý3Û235 æ ¢ ¥ SÃÛ ¢ ¥ SïÛ ¢ ¥ Ý Û ¢ ¥ ¼+Û ¢ �/ ê�Û234 æ ¢^Ù/ SïÛ ¥ ¥ Û ¥ Ý Û ¥ Ý3Û �/ SÙÛ233 æ ¢^Ù/ SÚÛ Ù/ ¥ Û Ù/ SïÛ Ù/ SïÛ Ù/ ê�Û232 æ Ã/ ¼+Û ï/ Ý Û Ý ¥ Û Ý SÙÛ ¼ � Û

234�$p ¢^Ù/ SïÛ �/ Ý3Û ¥ SÚÛ ¥ SÃÛ ¢ ¥ � Û

233�$p ¢^Ù/ Ý3Û ¥ ¥ Û ¢^Ù/ ê�Û ¥ ¼+Û Ù/ ¥ Û

232çA� Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ SÙÛ Ù/ SÙÛ

!$q$"#� Ý ê�3ïÂ� · �b���*Ö ¢ ¢ â\���+N ¦ ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡ Ö   Ö��C�§�   � ¢ Ö���ÖE ¢ ¡ ��Ö � ¡ £C¦ G )� ¡ ��Ö ¡�¢ �/� ¢�¡�¢ £¤¡ £   �@� ¡�¢®EÞ�· ò>ò ×�·�îQï ò ° T

¥ � ï

¥ � ¼

´ ^`ðµZ8^`U¹ñaeM¸¹dµ¶Y^`b

� ¥ ��ò c�A s4�o&rHm)y/Õ5m*rHy&n�m*o3 ² Æ î L ��ì D ¡ � ¡ �U��� ²   ��Ö ¡ ÆK�����   î Ln����Ö ¦ �*� ¡ I��U�3� ¢B�   ��Ö�Æ   £+¡ � ¥ �-� Ýw w 4é�êF |�o�m*vK�Co&n ¥ � Ý �3Ã-¢]1¯

�ê���Æ1IrHÖ�rHy&nb×*o�m�~�m}tB� W|�)��Ö ��Õ�rHm@~�m)y¶�$rHÖ�pYÖ �)m)y`m*n8~�m|tB���^Ö ~/{ y&n&o&rHm� � ¡>¢ ��Û ¦ G � ¡�¢ �*�H ¢ T��ÆN >� ¡ � � ¦"¡ T�Ô�ruo�m)�*n&rH��Ö��x)Ö x*o�pstHm�~�m�tB� WKÖ m*o&��rHm�m*nJ~�m)y'1gpsn&rG×*o�m)yJv�o�m)Õ�rG×*o�m)y. ��'ß y�m*o&q�psn��Cruo�m�~�m�tB��x)Ö m*o&��rHm� u�%�3Ù3ÙY¼

�Sï���ò 1� �ò�pYÖ �)�.qzrH�*rB A��N ��õ ¡ � ¦ �ÈÆ$� ¦�¨ ��Ö ¦ § â ¡ ±Jó�â ¡ �$Ö ¡>¨F�@¢8ô�¡ �   � ¢ � �   â ¢Aõ � m*{�rutB�H�3Ù3Ù-�/ � ¼0�ÆW8n&� m*o&rH~/��m�m*n@pstB {ê�psn&{�o�pst#pYÖ ~�pYÖ�n&��o��CvK�C��m)Ö�rH������pYÖ���m)yJrHÖ�psn/Õ5��y&v�� m*o&rH�Êñ@�

2�.q�m*o@n&� m�t�pCy&n ¥ Ù3Ù3Ù

Ø m3pso�yQ�¬o���ÕWpsruoQrHÖ1é�Özn�pso&n&rH��rH�)m0pYÖ ~àÜ o/Ö= Þ   â\�������   ô D ¡   � Û�( ¢�¦ �b����ñ ¡>¢�¡ ���&��ÛT�� ¥ �-� Ý ¥ Ù ¥ ë ¼ ¥�¥ Ã-¢¼ ¥ �3Ú/

�SÃ�� Á�o��C{�vKmR~:��m��wvKm*o&n�y�rHÖ�n�m*o&���C{�q�m*o/Ö m)Õ5m)Özn�pst�y&{�o�tB��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö¤~/{£�*turHÕSpsnp9�Á�� WCñ3<� _ö�÷uøGù-úªû/ü�ü�ýIþ�ÿ����� ù-ú���ÿ���ÿ�ú�� � øu÷��2ù �÷����wÿ������`ÿ�����ø�����ÿ�ú����� � ÷�ÿ�ú��÷������wÿ��.�H�3Ù3Ù ¥ 8��n&n&v ë ô3ô ruv�)�� ����=

� Ý ��ò /ò��C{@�3m*tB >W8q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�~/{-ñ}turHÕSpsn�ëw~/{�v�pCy�y�x�q�m*o�yAtHmF�¬{�n&{�o3 ¸Æ   ¨F� Ö ¡�¢ ñ ¡ � £ â ¢=£¤¡ �+N ì �b� £ ¨�¦"¡6£¤¡�¢V� ¦"¡ �� ¡�¢ T�� ¥ �-�-�

� Ý���Â+�Co&tH~�W�Ö m*o&� Ø ñ��C{5Ö �*rutB ������� �}�Co&tH~�m)Ö m*o&� Ø ��Co&� �SÚ���4A��Ö ��� m����# }� ¡ ��â/�)�u/� ¦ � ¡©¡ L � � ¦ § â � ��� £¤¡>¢A� Û�( ¢�¦ � ¦�¡ � ¢ ´W$Ô�� � �*rHm)Ö �)m)y3 u�H�3Ù3Ù3ï/ � � ����ñsÔ�WJ��é�� W�é� P �U�3� ¦ â ¨ í ñ ¡>¢v¢   â+�&� ¡�¢ ±�Ls�   £ â��)Ö ¦   � ¡ Ö ïÊ¡>¨ ��� £¤¡ �W�~/run&rH��Ö y���ñsÔ�WJ�%�3Ù3Ù3Ã/

� ¥ Ù��04� �4@pso&o�x��8Á� +ñApsv�{ y. � �� {�o�pYÖ�ru{5Õ ~�mAtB��m3ps{2~�mnÕ5m*o�ëCq�x*o&run�pYß�tHmJo�m)y�y��C{�o��)mJx)Ö m*o&��x*n&rH��{ mF�C{©Õ Ø n&� m�����3Ù3Ù3ï/ 8�zn&n&v´ë ô3ô ������ Õ�rHÖ m)y�¢Em)Ö m*o&��rHm� ��Co&� ô Ô���y�y&rHm*o�y ô êQ{ �*t��3Ù3Ù3ï ¥¹Ý vK~w��

� ¥�¥ �0ò .4Aps{5Õ�rHm*o3 D   �   � ¦ Ö ¦ § â ¡�¡ Ö=&�   �   ¨�¦�¡»£ â0�   ¨ �>â ¢ Ö ¦ �*� ¡ �@â/�*�H/� ¦ � ¡ ��^Ö y&n&run&{�n�ê�psn&rH��Ö�pstz~�m)y � �*rHm)Ö �)m)ym*nnç#m)���5Ö�rH�z{ m)y'êF{ �*tHx3psruo�m)y3 u� ¥ � Ú �

� ¥ ���?W�Ô¸�A »ê��Cn�m�n�m)���5Ö�rH��{ m0y&{�oQtHm)y��)m)Ö�n&o�pstHm)y�Öz{ �*tHm3psruo�m0��½�� ��8o�m)y�m)Özn�psn&rH��Ög��m)Ö m*o�pstHm0~�m)yF�)m)Ö�n&o�pstHm)y�´ÂÜ��~/{�v�psturHm*o � Ù3Ù �pÂ+m�� ¥ � Ý-Ýw

� ¥ ï��0ò �4�{ y�y�pC�����# À�Qm*{ y�y3 I��U� ¦ ÖE £¤¡ � ¡ â/Ö �   � ¦ § â ¡ TÃL}Û�( ¢�¦ § â ¡Ç¡ Ö��b�C�u�)âw� £¤¡�¢ ��/���)Ö ¡ â+� ¢ ��â/�)�u/� ¦ � ¡�¢ !�m*o/ÕSpYÖ5Ö=� ¥ � Ý�Ú/

� ¥ ¼0�?WJ � m*��ob×� #"$� � ø�ÿ�÷$ù-úKþ�%=ù'&(�÷ � ø�ÿ��*)84Am)Ö0e&pYÕ�rHÖ=�,+ ¥ � Ý Ã.-� � ¥ Ã��/!0 cçkm*tuturHm*o3 �01��ù � �÷�23ú3�Jú�� � ø���ù-÷�&*ÿ��Q÷uúKþ4�C÷5'ÿ��6%=ù'&@ø�ÿ��JúKÿ*�7�&823ú3�*)8�Oê � ç»ê �9+ ¥ � Ú � -�

¥ � Ã

� ¥¹Ý �Æ�� /4Apsose&��Ö= yL}Ûz( ¢�¦ § â ¡6£¤¡�¢ ��/���3Ö ¡ â+� ¢ �@â/�*�H/� ¦ � ¡�¢ Ñ� ¥ �-� ï/ � ¥ Ý��$�� � �C{�n&r6�& ÅL}Û�( ¢�¦ § â ¡�î=¡ â/Ö �   � ¦ § â ¡ }� æ ��� ¥ � Ý �/ � ¥ Ú���ò� �ñ� pñ}t�p Ø n���Ö= ÞçA� m � ��ruv�v�rHÖ���vK�Co&n@�8o�m)y�y&{�o&rHy�m)~;¨psn�m*o3�Qm3pC�*n��Co@pYÖ ~S :ru���znÀ¨psn�m*o@4�o�m)m)~�m*o6�Qm3pC��¢

n��Co3 ð ¡�¢ Ö ¦ � � Û   â ¢�¡�· � ¡ �)Ö � ¦ �àÆ   � �   �U��Ö ¦   ��� ¥ �-� ï/ � ¥ � �� | � � ç#p Ø tH�Co3 � ��ruv�v�rHÖ���vK�Co&n| -±4À�:+ çA� ôYæ �Q�/rH~�m*-{��{ m*tB ¤ñ}��pso�pC�*n�m*o&rHy�n&rH�)y��¡�Co�~/rHy&vK��y�pst��*o&run&rH�3psturun Ø

pYÖ�pst Ø y&rHy3 r î'·�· � × �   �>ª.Û ¡b¡/£à² ���*Ö ¦ � r £ �sÛ   I ¡ ��Û¤�   �  �� ¦"¡�¢ Æ   ¨F� ��� ( × P V�T 侀$· TH� ¥ �-�-� �ê�3Ù����$ cê0 !�ps{5ßm)Ö�o�m*rH���=�Kò �� %WKÖ���m*tB ¿W`�/vKm*o&rHm)Ö �)m$�@run&�In&� m$���Ctun�m)Ö � pstunÃ�Fm3pC�*n��CoJW`�/vm*o&rHÕ5m)Özn3 î â ��)� ¡ �3� ì ��� � ¦ �b��Ö ¦   � ¢ ��� £ I ¡ ��Û¤�   �  �� (���Úòë ¥�¥ Ú.� ¥ ï Ý � ¥ � Ý�Ù/ �ê� ¥ �<;#23ú � ÿ=%>?��ù-øA@�ÿ��&÷B��úDC�?�wþFEG2(H8ù Cz÷uú���ø�ÿ�I$ø5�C÷�þKJL23ø5'ÿ�úMC�ù-ø5�ö6&*ÿ)ÿ)þ�ÿ�&N0�ÿ�ù � �2(&3�0e�{�rHÖ ¥ � Ý ¥ �ê�-���Êé0 �êF{�n&n&rHÖ= mL   Ö ¡ ��Ö ¦ �C� ¦ ÖE £ â£�   ��� ¡E� Ö £¤¡ ��/���3Ö ¡ â+� ¢ Q ¢�¡ � ô   � £ â ¢��   â\�Èâ\� ¡�� �   £ â��)Ö ¦   � £ â\�U�z��� ¡

£ N >� ¡ � � ¦"¡ ��â��*�ub� ¦ � ¡ �/� ¢ ¡�¢ â+��� ¡ �*(��*� ¡ IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨w¡ � ¢B��¡ �)Ö � ¡ ��¦ Ö¬Û ¡ � ¨�¦ § â ¡ #����Ô�n&� m)y&rHy.� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�¢y�run�x�ò���y�m*v��-� �C{�o&rHm*o3�UÁ�o�m)Ö ��ß�tHm��H�3Ù3Ù-�/

�ê�3ï��Êé0 $êF{�n&n&rHÖ�m*n�pstB f�$�Cn�m)Ö�n&r�pst��s�ÊçA� �Co&ru{5ÕO���Ctun�m)Ö � pstun��Qm3pC�*n��Co�yòÔ�m*n�psrutHm)~íñApstH�*{�t�psn&rH��Ö y�pYÖ ~ñ���Ö �)m*v�n4W�q��Ctu{�n&rH��ÖP�@run&�ªpIqzrHm8� n��_ #pso&��m � �3pstHm£WKÖ m*o&� Ø �8o��z~/{ �*n&rH��Ö= ELs�  �� T r � î â���T · � ¡ �*�¼ Ý + ¥ -�ë Ý-Ý3� �-� �H�3Ù3Ù3Ã/

�ê�Y¼0�� | Q�gpsn&��rHm*{= $Æ$(��*� ¡ IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ ¡ ÖwñJb���)Ö ¡ â\� ¢ Q�V ¡ �8ò   � £ â@T · L � �   �/��Ö ¦   � £ âS��Û\� ¨Q�-£¤¡�¢ L»�3�U� ¨ R Ö � ¡�¢¡ Ö £¤¡�¢ �   ��Ö �/� ¦ ��Ö ¡�¢©£ Û � ¦�¢v¢ ����ÖA� ¡SR IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ ²   � Ö ¡ �§V��C�6ÖÅñ ¡ ���3Ö   � R ��8��Ô n&� m)y&rHy3��BÖ y�n&run&{�n¸ê�p-¢n&rH��Ö�pst#�#�Ct Ø n�m)���5Ö�rH�z{ m�~�m�Á�o�m)Ö ��ß�tHm�� � m*v�n�m)Õ=ß�o�m?�3Ù3Ù3Ã/

�ê�3Ã����OéÃW�é� =çA� �Co&ru{5ÕÏß�pCy�m)~I�¬{ m*t8�Cv�n&rH��Ö y��¡�Co�n&� m���m)Ö m*o�psn&rH��Ö¨�s��m*tHm)�*n&o&rH�*run Ø ë�Ô�m*q�m*tH�Cv5Õ5m)Özn�y�rHÖgn&� m¥ �-� ÙCy.���3Ù3Ù3Ù/

�ê� Ý ��4� ��gpC�9��pso&t�pYÖ mSm*n�pstB �"UT3VXWZY7[*)6üQ\];#2wþ�ÿ/C.E7�('ÿ��^H=2(&U_`&82wþ4� � ÷uú��M_#23÷uúba`÷c�)ÿ�ù-úKþDJd�Cø5�÷B�.&82e�(%"�ÿ*�7�&823ú±ù-úKþf_ � 2e�23úg;,&82*���hC�ÿ � �÷�23ú3�KHi&82(�kj#"�@�I,l�ö�monAp @�ù Eùw� ¥ �-� Ú/ ¹� � �/ñ»ñ ñ@��Ô�W ��éQ¢ñ6q�é¿Á�Wª� � �J¢^ï Ý Ú/

�ê��Ý����$m*o&o��CnF | ·�îQï òÅô ì Æ · P ¢�¡ ��N ¢ r â ¦"£¤¡ �ê��Cn�m)yJ~�m��$��y&n�~��w�*n��Co�psn��0tB���'��ê� �ê�3Ú��Æ�� �4� 5�#ruo�m)y�n���Ö m��@�0 � � ��ruo&tHm Ø ÆI������ ¡   ô r ¢   Ö   �5¡�¢ ±sã�Ö¬Û ¡b£C¦ Ö ¦   �� 8ò��C�5Öp§rutHm Ø � � ��Ö y3� ¥ �-� Ý �ê� � ��§rututur�pYÕs!0 �8o�m)y�yFm*nFpstB î ⠨ȡ � ¦ �b�C�Uñ ¡ � ¦O�5¡�¢�¦ ��ÆÀa�a í Ö¬Û ¡ ����Ö   ô=¢ � ¦�¡ ��Ö ¦ Û ���   ¨F� â/Ö ¦ � � �ñApYÕ�¢

ß�o&rH~/��m æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run Ø �8o�m)y�y3���3Ù3Ù-�/ �Sï3Ù���Âh t!0 ¨pstHm*o&� ² � ¢v¢ �/�C�H����� ¡È¡�¢ Ö ¦�¨ ��Ö ¡   ôÊ¡ � ¡ � � ( �5¡ � Û ¢v¢�¦   � ¦ ��� ¡ ���)Ö   � ¢ séJWCñ� :¢^ï ¥ Ù � � ¥ � Ý Ú/ �Sï ¥ ��ò� �4}t�pC��� �Cn3 $Ô�m*t�p Ø m)~-Ö m*{�n&o���Ö Ø rHm*tH~����Co�ï � Ü�y�y&rutHm�y Ø y&n�m)Õ5y3 u� ¥ �-� ¥ �Sï-��� � � pst�pCy3 UñQ £ â��)Ö ¦   � £¤¡ �H�=�/� £C¦   Ö  3L ¦ � ¦ ÖE £¤¡>¢�£ &��Û ¡ Ö ¢ ��â��*�H/� ¦ � ¡>¢ Q6õ ¦�¡ �   � � â ¡ í *Ö â £¤¡�¢ Ö¬Û�   � ¦ § â ¡�¢

¡ Ö ¢ Ö �/��ÖE � ¦ § â ¡�¢9£¤¡ �g�RÖ �/��� ¢�¨ â/Ö���Ö ¦   � £+¡�¢ ���)Ö ¦ � ¦ £+¡�¢�¨�¦ � ¡ â+� ¢Ê¡ Ö £¤¡>¢A� �   £ â ¦ Ö ¢Ê£¤¡ Û ¢�¢�¦   � £ ��� ¢ � ¡>¢��/���3Ö ¡ â+� ¢ *� ¡ �3Ö �   �@â/�*�H/� ¦ � ¡�¢ TJ�8��Ôhn&� m)y&rHy3� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run�x�~�m��8o��.q�m)Ö �)mÊéFr6�w¢b��pso�y�m*rututHm���� ¥ �-� Ã/

¥ � Ý

�Sï3ï��/!0 � ����pCm��:m*o3 · Ö â £¤¡ £ âi�)(��)� ¡ Ö¬Û   � ¦ â ¨ £ ��� ¢ � ¡�¢ �&b���)Ö ¡ â\� ¢ Q ¡ ��â � �& ¢�¢ â\� ¦�¢ ¡ [�8��Ôãn&� m)y�rHy3�æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run�x�~�m��`pso&rHy�¢ � { ~��Fo�y�p Ø � ¥ � Ú ¥

�SïY¼0�6é0 péQ�wn��C��{= �Æ   ��Ö � ¦ �>â/Ö ¦   �mQS�ÔN *Ö â £¤¡=£+¡ �+N â/Ö ¦ � ¦�¢ ��Ö ¦   � £ â��*(��*� ¡ Ö¬Û   � ¦ â ¨ £ ��� ¢ â+�1��/���)Ö ¡ â\��L ð ñ� �8��Ôfn&� m)y&rHy.� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y�run�x�~�m��$pso&rHy&¢ � { ~��Fo�y�p Ø � ¥ � Ú ¥

�Sï3Ã��/!0 >Á�o&{�v�vm*t�p�pso3 çA� �Co&ru{5Õ � Ø �*tHm�pCy5pD��pCy�n�mòÕSpYÖ�ps��m)Õ5m)Ö�nS�Cv�n&rH��Ö= � m)�)��Ö ~£�8o��C��o�m)y�y4�Qm*vK�Co&n3 ¥ �-� Ýw

�Sï Ý �6ç� t!0 �8ru�C�¡�Co�~: �çA� �Co&ru{5Õ ��{ m*tKñ Ø �*tHm)y��)��Õ�v�pso�m)~�n��S{�o�pYÖ�ru{5Õ���{ m*tk� Ø �*tHm)y3 Þ   â\�����C� £¤¡ L�Û�( ¢�¦ § â ¡r�u �/v�ps��m)yJÝ�ï.�\Ú � � ¥ �-�-�

�Sï�Ý��XÁ� HÁ�pYÕ=ß�rHm*o3�4!0 � ����pCm��:m*o3 �çA� �Co&ru{5Õ ñ Ø �*tHm)yJ�)��Õ�v�pso�m)~�n���{�o�pYÖ�ru{5Õ ��{ m*t=� Ø �*tHm)y. �Sï3Ú����zn&n&v´ë ô3ô ������ ��)m3p/ �¬o ô ��o ô �8{5ß�turH�3psn&rH��Ö y ô ñ}tHm��¡y/¼ Ý ô �*tHm��¡y/¼ Ý ��o3 ��n/Õ�tB �Sï � �/!0 �Á��CtgÜ�m*o#m*n`pstB ��8tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ«pYÖ ~v�IrHÖ �CoÞé@�*n&rHÖ�rH~�m)yt�Qm)� Ø �*turHÖ��JrHÖ��´ÂÜ�Qy��@run&�=Ö m8�´é���é£�)��Ö �)m*v�n�y.

Ls�   � ¡v¡/£C¦ � � ¢   ôwr �   �b�C�KôFï�ï ¥ ±tL»��� ¦�¢ ±tòl�/����� ¡ TH�%�3Ù3Ù ¥ � ¼¤Ù����ÃWCñsÔ� ´��m*o Ø !Fru����4�{�o/Ö/¢B{�v yJrHÖ� :ru���zn¿Â¨psn�m*o¿�Fm3pC�*n��Co�y3�H�3Ù3Ù Ý � ¼ ¥ �ÆÂ+m)y&n&rHÖ���� �C{ y�m� ��8o��C��o�pYÕ«�¡�Co�~/rHy&vK��y&run&rH��Ö5�s���m3psv��Ö y|��o�pC~�m@v�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5ÕÚrHÖSp�v�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ�¢Bn&� �Co&ru{5Õ

� Ø �*tHm� 5é�Ö�pCy�y�m)y�y/Õ5m)ÖznQ�s�$n&� m�v�o��C��o�pYÕ� u�H�3Ù3Ù3Ã/ � ¼����0�� �ê�m*{���ps{ y3���$ ¢�Âf ��8��turuv�vKm)Ö= ÈÆ   ¨F� ��� ¦h¢   �   ô P �U��� ¦ â ¨ � ��� £ IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ � �/� ¢¹¡/£ L�� â/Ö   � ¦ â ¨ ñ ¡ ��*(��*� ¦ � � ¦ � � � � ¡�¢�¢ â\� ¦cx�¡b£zy ��Ö ¡ ��� ¡ ���)Ö   �* s� �Co�y����z{5Ö���yÔ�3m)Ö�n&o&{5Õãò|{�turH���=� ¥ �-�-� � ¼¤ï��6é0 k�8{�rututB �çA� �Co&ru{5Õ æ n&rutur.�.psn&rH��Ö£rHÖ���½�Fy3 �ê�m*{�n&o���Ö�rH� � n&{ ~/rHm)y3 ì £ õ ¦h¢   ��( r �   â �þ² ¡b¡ Ö ¦ � �Ç  �

IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ ò�â ¡ �sÆ$(��*� ¡ L ¡ � ¢E�5¡ �)Ö ¦ õ ¡�¢ T u ¦"¡ �@����T�� ¥ �-� Ýw � ¼3¼0�6ç� .q� eq�rHÕ��¤ç� �ò� Ô��(�»Ö�pso3 �çA� �Co&ru{5Õ � { m*t��$m*o����Co/ÕSpYÖ �)m�rHÖ2p�çAru���zn���run����2 �½�§ kpsn&n&rH�)m� tV��Û  ¹  �

  ôFî â/�)� ¡ �3� · � � ¦ � ¡v¡ � ¦ � � ���� ¼¤Ã��/�� � q�pc�)rHÕ�r#m*nFpstB ³ �gÖ¬Û ¡ â ¢�¡   ô IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ ¦ �I� ¦ � ÛzÖ y ��Ö ¡ �=� ¡ ���)Ö   � ¢ }�gpCy�y�pC����{ y�y�m*n&n�y��^Ö y&n&run&{�n�m

�s�Kçkm)���5Ö �CtH�C� Ø ���^ç�¢Bê��Þñ|¢Bç3�J¢^Ù ¥¹Ý � ¥ �-�-� � ¼ Ý �0ò ��$ � ����psv�ruo�p/ =� ¡ �?~C� ¡��   Ö ¡ ��Ö ¦�¡ � £ âR�*(��*� ¡¸£ â2�   ¨ �)â ¢ Ö ¦ ��� ¡ Q��/� ¢�¡¸£¤¡ Ö¬Û   � ¦ â ¨ TK %�� 3çk{�o&t�p Ø � ¥ �-� Ýw � ¼8Ý��6é0 'Á�pstuvm*o&rHÖ=�»é0 �FpC~/���*�Jy&� Ø é ñ���Õ�vKm*n&run&ruq�mÇçA� �Co&ru{5Õ � { m*t6ñ Ø �*tHm��¡�Co��8o�m)y�y&{�o&r.�3m)~ó¨psn�m*o

�Fm3pC�*n��Co�yJ�s�Cñ}{�o&o�m)Ö�n'ç#m)���5Ö �CtH�C� Ø ì £ õ ¦h¢   ��( r �   â �Dz�¡b¡ Ö ¦ � �ò  �^IkÛ   � ¦ â ¨ òlâ ¡ �CÆ$(��*� ¡ L ¡ � ¢B�5¡ � �Ö ¦ õ ¡�¢ T u ¦"¡ �@����T�� ¥ �-� Ýw � ¼¤Ú��/�� � :{5Ö�� ì � � ¡�¢�¡ ��Ös� ¡ õ ¦"¡oy   ô Ö¬Û ¡ Ö¬Û   � ¦ â ¨ ��â��*� ¡ ��� ô â ¡ �$�*(��*� ¡>¢ TyW8{�o��CvKm3pYÖ ñ���Õ�rHy�y&rH��Ö=� ¥ �-� Ýw � ¼ � ���0 ��x*v�t�pYÖ m*n pstB � æ �JW ë ��ñsêF� æ n&ruturun Ø ���Co �Qm3pC�*n��Co W8q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö=

�zn&n&v´ë ô3ô tuv y��� rHÖH�sv@ï/ ��o ô ��v�o ô � æ �¿W ô �zn/Õ�t ôYæ y�m*o�Á�{�rH~�m ôYæ y�m*o�Á�{�rH~�m� ��n/Õ�tB �SÃ3Ù��04� 5Ô�p)qwrH~�y���Ö= îÊ¡ âwÖ �   �^I��U��� ¢B�   �*Ö�IkÛ ¡   ��(� }�Q�z�¡�Co�~ æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run Ø �8o�m)y�y.� ¥ � Ã�Ýw �Sà ¥ �6é�ê'Ô��'é� r ��õ ¡ ��Ö�� ¦ � ¡ ����Ö ¦   ����� £¤¡�¢=£ &��Û ¡ Ö ¢ �/� £C¦   ���)Ö ¦ ô�¢6¡ Ö £¤¡>¢�¨ ��Ö ¦ R � ¡�¢ õ����   � ¦�¢ ����� ¡�¢ $é�ê'Ô���é0�

�3Ù3ÙY¼ ¥ � Ý

�SÃ-�����$ ��Fm*{ y�y3 }��� îÊ¡ âwÖ �   � ¦ § â ¡ ��q��Ctu{5Õ5mÊï3ï3Ù�Ýw |��o�m)y�y�m)y æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run�psruo�m)yQ~�m=��o�pYÖ �)m�� ¥ �-� Ú/ �ñ��CtutHm)�*n&rH��Ö� { m�¢Ey�psrHy�¢.e�m��

�SÃ3ï��Êé0 9� Â+m*rHÖ¤ßKm*o&� �tWJ ��# n§ru�3Ö m*o3 ÖIkÛ ¡ L}Ûz( ¢�¦ �v�C��IkÛ ¡   ��(   ô0îÊ¡ âwÖ �   �óÆ#Û\� ¦ ��ñ ¡ ���3Ö   � ¢ -ñ}��rH�3ps���æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run Ø ��o�m)y�y3� ¥ � Ã3Ú/

�SÃY¼0� ñ}o���y�y � m)�*n&rH��Ö�W8qCpstu{�psn&rH��Ö5Â+�Co&�wrHÖ�� Á�o��C{�v= �j�"X@�I`m�ý�ü3û1@�ù EùUI�2(&?�2ù ��Jù-úKþ�_`&82 � ÿ)þ4�F&*ÿ��}H=2(&N � ÿjN�*ù-ø5��ù 'ÿ)þK"/� � ø�ÿ�ù'&N@�ù Eù�I$÷uø�ÿNj�"X@�I>m����@é@�C��n ¥ �-� Ù/ �4�êF :¢Bê¸ñ � ¢�¼3¼ � ¼¤Ã-¢^Ù ¥ ô ÙY¼C¢]�Fm*q

�SÃ3Ã��Æ�� WJ ���pC����pso&t�pYÖ m� `"�ÿ*a�� � ÿ�&?�2ù-ø9"�ÿ*�7�&823úMC � ù ?'ÿ�&&÷uú��KI$÷uø�ÿ��]Hb2(&�j�"X@�I`m�ö6p'nS0�ÿ�ø�ÿ�ùQ�*ÿFû/�pé@�C��n¥ �-� ¼

�SÃ Ý �Ê���Co&{5Õ Á�m)Ö m*o�psn&rH��Ö�� �0 ����Kÿ �=� ú�23ø�2��FE�0U2sù�þ.�2ù8%:H=2(&� � ÿd�Fÿ�úKÿ�&�ù �÷�23ú�p'n�"/� � ø�ÿ�ù'&�j8úKÿ�&��FEC.E3�('ÿ��w�3��~�m)�)m)ÕÊßm*o��3Ù3Ù3ï/ 8��n&n&vÿë ô3ô ��r6�� rHÖ m*tB ���.q ô o���pC~pÕSpsv=

�SÃ�Ý�� � 5Ô�p3qzrH~: �� {�n&{�o�m � �)m)Ö�pso&rH��y@�¡�Con�$rHy�y&rH��Ö�4@pCy�m)~£�Fm3pC�*n��Co�y3 î â��*�{T�L}Û�( ¢ T ì �HÝ�à ¥ ë ¼�� � �¤¼3¼ ¥ �H�3Ù3Ù3Ã/ �SÃ3Ú��� | �4��C{ ��� m*oQm*nQpstB 8�^Õ�v�pC�*nJ��Öh��pCy&n�m�v�o��w~/{ �*n&rH��Ö��s�`~/r6�Km*o�m)ÖznJn&o�pYÖ y/Õ�{�n�psn&rH��Ö�y��)m)Ö�pso&rH��y3 ÅLs�   � ¡v¡ �

£�¦ � � ¢   ô r Æ ³�î'· ¥ N `rH�)��Ö m ¥ ¼C¢^Ú � ï ¥ Ã/ �Sà � �Ê�A #�#m*o�~/{= Æ   ��Ö � ¦ �)âwÖ ¦   ����â L *Ö â £¤¡�¢ò£+¡È¢�� � ¡ ÖE �   â\�2� ¡�¢ Û � ¦ R � ¡�¢S¦ ���   õ��3��Ö ¡�¢¯£¤¡ ��/���3Ö ¡ â+� ¢ ��â ��)�u/� ¦ � ¡�¢ }�8��Ôhn&� m)y&rHy3� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run�x�ò���y�m*v��-� �C{�o&rHm*o3�UÁ�o�m)Ö ��ß�tHm��H�3Ù3Ù3ï/ � Ý Ù����0 YÔ�m*o&{ m*tutHm� ²�¦�¢�¡ ��â �   ¦ ��Ö £ N â\� ¢ ( ¢ Ö R ¨È¡n£¤¡»¢B��¡ �)Ö �   ¢ �   ��¦"¡}�   â\� ¨©¡>¢ â\� ¡ � £+¡�¢�¢�¡ �)Ö ¦   � ¢'¡i� �v��� ¡�¢

� ¡ âwÖ �   � ¦ § â ¡�¢ � ��� � ¦ �b�z��� ¡>¢ Q¯â\� �   ¢�¢�¦ ��� ¡9£ >õ ¡ �   ���5¡>¨È¡ ��Ö £ â��@â/�*�H/� ¦ � ¡ �   ¨ ¨È¡Ê¢   â+�&� ¡È£�� )� ¡ � � ¦"¡ ����ÔÑn&� m)y�rHy3� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y&run�x��`pso&rHy����B¢'�Fo�y�p Ø ���3Ù3Ù-�/ � Ý/¥ � � :4A� Ø m*o3 ï ��� ¢ � ¡ �v� £ � ¡ò£ â��   â\õ ¡ ��â��*(��*� ¡È£¤¡ �   ¨ �)â ¢ Ö ¦ ��� ¡�� % � � Û ×7� %1%��4± £ *Ö ¡ � ¨�¦ ����Ö ¦   � £+¡ �H�

¢¹¡ �)Ö ¦   � ¡�� �b��� ¡ £¤¡ �b� � Ö â+� ¡ �U� £�¦ ��Ö ¦ õ ¡z� %'%��»� ® �5±γ ° �   â+� £¤¡>¢ )� ¡ � � ¦"¡>¢�£¤¡ � ¡ âwÖ �   � ¢ �   ¨F� � ¦�¢�¡�¢

¡ ��Ö � ¡ ï ¡ Ö ¥ ² ¡ u 8�8��Ôhn&� m)y�rHy3� æ Ö�ruq�m*o�y�run�x�4A�Co�~�m3ps{/�����3�3Ù3ÙY¼ � Ý ��� ñ� cÔ� 24��*�»ÕSpYÖãm*n±pstB êQ{ �*tHm3pso±m)Ö m*o&� Ø ��m)Ö m*o�psn&rH��ÖlpYÖ ~��ApCy&n�mÑn&o�pYÖ y/Õ�{�n�psn&rH��Öã{ y&rHÖ�� pYÖ

pC�)�)m*tHm*o�psn��Co�¢E~/o&ruq�m)ÖgrHÖzn�m)Ö y�m�n&� m*o/ÕSpst¶Ö m*{�n&o���ÖIy��C{�o��)m� î â��*� r � ¢ Ö ��� ²�¡ Ö¬Û�� ¦ �h��Û�( ¢�¦ � ¢ ñ ¡�¢¹¡ ���&��ÛI�é¸ï|�3ÙòëSï3ï Ý �\ï Ý Ý�� ¥ �-� �/

� Ý ï�� Á�o��C{�vm�~�m�n&o�p3qCpsrut=ñ6��éQ¢b��Ô¸� x ��î�{�oUz� gC.E/ú� ��� �*ÿ�þ�ÿ����*?�wþ�ÿ��z&8��ù-øu÷c�8�)ÿ���ÿ�ú��&*ÿ+ýFY7[8�Mÿ*RýFYF |�|\þ72*���&÷�ÿ�&U¡ ��¢ �F&(£�� ¥(¤ Ú3ï/ 8o�psv�v�Co&nQrHÖ�n�m*o/Ö mv�$Ô��¥!�ç ô ¥ � ô Ý�à ô Ú3ï/ ¦ Ý ¼F§��zn&n&v´ë ô3ô ������ n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�vK�(�}m*o3 ��)��Õ� ¦ Ý Ã'§�¨� �4}o�m*run3�4�J �©iru�3Ö m*o3 sñApsv�n&{�o�m��s�#ªztH�(�óê�m*{�n&o���Ö y3 }�}Ûz( ¢ ��ñ ¡ õQ���5¼ ¤ ëSà ¥(¤ �\Ã3ï ¥ � ¥(¤ ï Ý ¦ Ý3Ý §Êé0 �4�rH~ ps{ ~�m*n�pstB �ªwm)Ö y�run&ruqzrun Ø pYÖ ~ æ Ö �)m*o&n�psrHÖ�n Ø ªzn&{ ~ Ø �¡�Co'çA� �Co&ru{5Õ^���Ctun�m)Ö«ª/pstun�¬Qm3pC�*n��Co�y3 J�^Ö

ì £ õ����� ¡/£ ñ ¡ ���)Ö   � ¢ ð ¦ Ö¬Û r ���   õ���Ö ¦ õ ¡ òlâ ¡ ��± ³ ��ª�ñ ¦"£ � ¡ ± �:î ±1�9­ ì �w��x*qwo&rHm*oN�3Ù3Ù3Ã/ ¦ Ý.® §Êé0 w4}rH~ ps{ ~:�pç� /�1qCpYÖ �.qCp/� ¯� °�gpCy&n&o�pYÖ���m*tH�� ¶é�Ö�pst Ø y�m�~�m)yArHÖ �)m*o&n&run&{ ~�m)y@m*nA~�m)y}�BpC�*n�m*{�o�y@~�m�y�m)Ö y&rHß�r6¢

turun�x)yF~�m�~���Ö5Ö x)m)y'Ö�{ �*tHx3psruo�m)y�y&{�o�~�m)yQ�)��Ö �)m*v�n�y�~�m�o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y���y�m*tHyJ����Ö ~/{ y3 A�^Ö á ¦ �H��� £¤¡�¢ ���)Ö ¦   �¢   â/Ö ¡ ��â ¡�¢ ± r|ï ñ r$·�ï'· � ·�³|î ± r � ¡ �   �*� ¡ ��~�x)�)m)Õ=ß�o�m/�3Ù3ÙY¼

¥(¤ Ú

¦ Ý Ú'§ ª ` =�C{�qwrG×*o�m���¬� `ª/pYÖ ��� m8±��#�M $ñ���y&n�m��{é0 >!Fm*o/ßKm*o&n3�#²$ �ªzn�pYÖ����3q/y&�zrB é��}�� = #����ç��}m*tuq�m�³|m3pso�y kpsn�m*o3 |�BÖ r ��Öb�sÆ   � ô �   � ² ��Ö¬Û ¡)¨ ��Ö ¦ � ¢ �3� £ Æ   ¨Q� âwÖ���Ö ¦   �5± ² � £ � ¦"£ ±`­ � � ¦ ��� ¥(¤|¤|¤

¦ Ý|¤ §9ñ� �4@psn�psrututHm� k�   ¦ �◦

¦ ¥ � ¥F´ ã ¥ £ â ´ ï ×4¥ ô ×�¥ ¦¤¦ ¥ � ¡ �g��Ö ¦ õ ¡ �3â L � ¡ ��Û ¡ ���*Û ¡�¢¸¢ â\�Q�H� � ¡�¢ Ö ¦   � £+¡�¢�£ &�*Û ¡ Ö ¢�/� £C¦   ���)Ö ¦ ô�¢ 8ò��C{�o/Ö�pst8�NµS�*rHm*tB� ¥(¤|¤/¥

¦ ® Ù'§0�$ t¬� A4@ps{ ��{�rHy. æ Ö�v�CrHÖzn�~�mIqw{ mgy&{�o�tHm)yàßKm)y��CrHÖ y�m*n�tHm)y�psv�v�o��3qwrHy&rH��Ö5Ö m)Õ5m)Ö�n�y�m)Ö�x)Ö m*o&��rHm¨�tB� � �Co&r�±3��ÖD�3Ù3Ã3Ù/ ��4�À� ¡ õ¹â ¡ £+¡ � � · � ¡ � � ¦�¡ �@Ã3Ù/� ¥(¤|¤|¤

¦ ®w¥ §0�$ t¬� K4@ps{ ��{�rHy. � { m*tutHm)y�x)Ö m*o&��rHm�vK�C{�o�tHm�n&o�pYÖ y&v�Co&n�ps{G�X���O×)Õ5m0y&rG×)�*tHm� 0���à� ¡ õ¹â ¡À£+¡ � � · � ¡ � � ¦"¡ �Ã3Ã/�3�3Ù3ÙY¼

¦ ® �'§9ñ� �êF�.¶� � =m��)��Ö�n�m��/n�mSx)Ö m*o&��x*n&rH�z{ m9Õ5��Ö ~/r�pstApC�*n&{ m*t|m*n��Rq�m)Ö�ruo3 5�^Ö Þ   â\���K ¡�¢À£¤¡ �H� £C¦ õ ¦�¢�¦   � £¤¡� Ûz( ¢�¦ § â ¡ ��â��*�H/� ¦ � ¡ £¤¡ �H�·­ò>�C± r � îö³ � ¢ �C(��7�gpsr,�3Ù3ÙY¼

¥(¤|¤

¸gÍ�ÊF¹|Ó»ºÔ�pYÖ y$tHm��)��Ö�n�m��/n�m@~:� {5Ö�~�x*v�tH�CrHm)Õ5m)ÖznKÕSpCy�y&r6��~/{ Öz{ �*tHx3psruo�m@�*ruqzrut�ps{ Ö�ruq�m3ps{6Õ5��Ö ~/r�pstB�CtHm}v�o���ß�tG×)Õ5m@~�m

tB��psv�v�o��.qzrHy&rH��Ö5Ö m)Õ5m)ÖznQm)Ö ä å5¼/æ y�mFv��y�m*o�p0��~�m)y�x)��� x3pYÖ �)m)y@��{5ÕSpsrHÖ m)y. w |� rHÖ ~/{ y&n&o&rHm¸Ö�{ �*tHx3psruo�m�~:��ps{F½&�C{�o�¢~:� �z{�rB�-y��C{ y&¢B��x)Ö x*o�psn&o&rH�)m��sy�m*o�psrun3�-~ pYÖ y#{5Ö�n�m*t/�3pCy#~�m�Ü ��{�o�m��srHÖ�psv�n�m��Qy�psn&rHy��Bpsruo�m�tHm)yÞßm)y��CrHÖ y$x)Ö m*o&��x*n&rH�z{ m)y~/{àÕ5��Ö ~�m�~�m��¡pF¾)��ÖI~/{�o�pYß�tHm� � kp�n&o�pYÖ y�run&rH��Ö�q�m*o�yJ~�m)ynÜ turG×*o�m)yJrHy��5�C{�y�{�o&��x)Ö x*o�psn&o&rH�)m)y3���z{�r=�Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�m)ÖzntB� {�n&ruturHy�psn&rH��Ö�~�m�t�p6ÕSpsn&rG×*o�m�Ü�y�y&rutHm�� m)y&nFpstH�Co�yJvm*o&n&rHÖ m)Özn�m� ��`pso/Õ�rktHm)yQn�m)���5Ö �CtH�C��rHm)y���{�r=vKm*o/Õ5m*n&n�m)Ö�nF{5Ö mn�m*tutHm2�Cv�n&rHÕ�rHy�psn&rH��Ö=�$tHm2� Ø �*tHmS~/{�n&� �Co&ru{5Õ��ÞçA� ô ä å"å æ {�n&ruturHy�x2m)Ö�y&vKm)�*n&o�mS~�mÈÖ m*{�n&o���Ö y�n&� m*o/Õ�rH��{ m��$m)y&n~��C{5ß�tHm)Õ5m)Özn�rHÖzn�x*o�m)y�y�pYÖ�n=7#rut�vKm*o/Õ5m*n&n&o�psrun3�k~ pYÖ y�~�m)y��)��Ö �)m*v�n�y0~�m�n Ø vm5o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o���y�m*tHy�����Ö ~/{ y�n&� m*o�¢Õ�rH�z{ m��tB� rHy��C��x)Ö x*o�psn&rH��Ö+~�m0t�pÈÕSpsn&rG×*o�m6Ü�y�y&rutHm0n��C{�n�m)Ö Ö x)�)m)y�y�run�pYÖ�n�~�m��¡psrHß�tHm)y�rHÖzq�m)Ö�n�psruo�m)y�rHÖ�run&r�ps{/�_m)Öä å"å æ � kp�v�o��w~/{ �*n&rH��ÖR~�m��)m*n&n�m���{�pYÖzn&run�x�~:�Sä å"å æ Ö x)�)m)y�y�psruo�m�ps{R~�x)ÕSpso&o�ps��m�~�mFt�p�Ü turG×*o�m��zvKm*{�nsü*n&o�mFv�o��s¢~/{�run�m ¡ ��� ¨   ��Ö¡�z~ pYÖ yA~�m)y�o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�yJ~:��ps{F½&�C{�o�~:� ��{�r#+¡�0m3ps{�y��C{ y�v�o�m)y�y&rH��Ö-��w{�n&ruturHy�pYÖ�nA{5Ö��)��Õ=ß�{ y�n&rHß�tHm~�m�n Ø vKm¸Õ�r6�wn�m��)� Ø ~�m�n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�¢Bv�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ�

ñ�m�n&o�p3qCpsrut$�)��Ö �)m*o/Ö m�~:� {5Ö m�v�pso&nJtHm�~�x*q�m*tH�Cv�vm)Õ5m)ÖznF~:���C{�n&rutHyQ~�m��3pstH�*{�t4Ö x)�)m)y�y�psruo�m)y��0tB��x*n&{ ~�m�Ö m*{/¢n&o���Ö�rH�z{ m��`v�pso�y&rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��ÖP����Ö�n�m1ñApso&tH�¿+��M �ñ�-��8~�m)y�o�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y9Öz{ �*tHx3psruo�m)ySm*n�~�m�tHm*{�o5�)��Õ=ß�{ y�n&rHß�tHm� � {=� rutHy�y��CrHm)Özn�~�m0��x)Ö x*o�psn&rH��Ö��¬{�n&{�o�m0�C{_~�m�n�m)���5Ö �CtH�C��rHm5pC�*n&{ m*tutHm0{�n&ruturHy�pYÖ�n�{5Ög�)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm�rHÖ5Ö �.qCpYÖzn3�t�p�y�rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö_~�m)yJo�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y�v�psoQtHm)y'Õ5x*n&� �w~�m)y��� �ñ� �m)y&nQv�pso&n&rH�*{�turG×*o�m)Õ5m)Ö�n�ß�rHm)Ö�pC~ psv�n�x)m0�3psoFm*tutHmÊÖ mo�m*vK��y�m��z{ m�y&{�oJt�p5�)��Ö5Ö�psrHy�y�pYÖ �)m�~�m)yF~���Ö5Ö x)m)y�Öz{ �*tHx3psruo�m)y3��m*nFvm*{�nQn&o�psrun�m*oF~�m)yJ��x)��Õ5x*n&o&rHm)y��)��Õ�v�tHm���m)ym*nJm�� pC�*n�m)yJm)Ö�m��:m)�*n&{�pYÖ�nFtHm�n&o�pYÖ y&v�Co&nF~�m)y»Ö m*{�n&o���Ö yF��x)Ö m*o&��rHm��)��Ö�n&rHÖ�{ m�

 kmF�)�w~�m ÝNÀ Ä:9��w�z{�rm)Ö �3psv y&{�tHm�tHm��)�w~�mF~�mFn&o�pYÖ y&vK�Co&n�q�psturH~�x�m*n�o�m)�)��Ö5Öz{h� ñsê��#��p0x*n�x�x)�*o&run�vK�C{�oy&rHÕ�{�tHm*o@tB��x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��ÖI~/{��)��ÕÊß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm�y��C{ y@ruo&o�pC~/r�psn&rH��Ö= �ñ���m)y&n@{5Ö��)�z~�m¸Õ5�w~/{�t�psruo�m�� x)�*o&runJm)Ö�ñ I�I � �z{�rvKm*o/Õ5m*n3��m)Ö�n&o�m0ps{�n&o�m)y3� ~�m�y&rHÕ�{�tHm*oF~�m)yJx*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö y���v�{�rHy�y�pYÖ �)m�m*nQ�0o�x3pC�*n&ruqwrun�x��)��Ö y�n�pYÖ�n�m)y3

Ô�pYÖ yQ{5Ö�~�m*{/�wrG×)Õ5m�n�m)Õ�v y3�5Ö �C{ y�p)q���Ö y�m)Ö�n&o�m*v�o&rHyFtB��x*n&{ ~�m�~/{��)��ÕÊß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm$�_�]�èçA� �8{�m)ÖD¬����m)Ö�qw{ m�~�m�~�x*n�x*o/Õ�rHÖ m*oF~�m)yJn�m)Ö m*{�o�yQm)Ö�v�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õay�psn&rHy��BpsrHy�pYÖ�n@tHm)yF�*o&runb×*o�m)yQ~�m�y&��o�m*n�x�m*nQp3q���Ö yF�z{�pYÖ/¢n&rgÜ�xSt�p�v�o��w~/{ �*n&rH��Ö�~:� {�o�pYÖ�ru{5Õ�¢=�3ï3ï�m)Ö´Ü�ÖM~�mR�)��Õ=ß�{ y&n&rH��Ö= �ñ�m)�*r$Ö �C{ y�vKm*o/Õ5m*n0~�m2�)��Ö y&rH~5×*o�m*o0m*n�~�mq�psturH~�m*o�~/r6�Kx*o�m)Özn�y|y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��y|~�mAn&o�pYÖ y&run&rH��Ö5~/{�v�pso��A��o�pYÖ3¾3psrHy8q�m*o�y8{5Ö�v�pso��@~�mAo�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y�rHy��C��x)Ö x*o�psn�m*{�o�y{�n&ruturHy�pYÖznFtHm0� Ø �*tHm�~/{�n&� �Co&ru{5Õ���FÁ�tB� ä å"å/æ ps{�o�p2x*n�x�v�o��w~/{�run�~ pYÖ y�~�m)yFo�x3pC�*n�m*{�o�y��Sm3ps{gy��C{ yFv�o�m)y�y&rH��Ö{�n&ruturHy�pYÖznQ~/{��_�]�fn&� �Co&rHx�  Ë=É�Ê.å)Æ�Î5º�Ê

x*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö�~/{��)��ÕÊß�{ y&n&rHß�tHm��5Õ�r6�/n�m�¢E�)� Ø ~�m�çA� �8{=�7����Ö�n�m�¢OñApso&tH���� æ ¬N�Q�¤Ö m*{�n&o���Ö�rH�z{ m���o�x3pC�*n�m*{�oQ�m3ps{�y��C{ yJv�o�m)y�y&rH��Ö=� y��)x)Ö�pso&rH��yF~�m�n&o�pYÖ y&run&rH��Ö=� n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�

�3Ù3Ù

à Ì}Ê-É�È�Ç:ÆwÉ�E��Öz{ �*tHm3pso}vK�(��m*o|rHy|n���v�o��3qwrH~�m�p�y&ru�3Ö�rgÜ��3pYÖ�n}�¬o�pC�*n&rH��ÖR�s�:n&� m@��o��(�@rHÖ��/�}�Co&tH~Rm)Ö m*o&� Ø ~�m)ÕSpYÖ ~:�z��Ö�t Ø

n&��o��C{�����n&� m$ß�o�m)m)~/rHÖ����)��Ö �)m*v�n8�3pYÖ�n&� m}~�m*q�m*tH�Cv5Õ5m)Ö�n��s��y&{ y&n�psrHÖ�pYß�tHmCÖ�{ �*tHm3pso8m)Ö m*o&� Ø ßKm)�)��Õ5mAp@o�m3psturun Ø çA� m@y&n&{ ~ Ø �s�y&{ ���Sp�n&o�pYÖ y&run&rH��Ö=�s�¬o���Õ«v�o�m)y�m)Ö�n�¢E~ p Ø Öz{ �*tHm3pso�n�m)���5Ö �CtH�C��rHm)y}n��F�¬{�n&{�o�m�ß�o�m)m)~/rHÖ����)��Ö �)m*v�n�yrHy�n&� m*o�m����Co�m0vKm*o&n&rHÖ m)Ö�n3 �é'Õ5��Ö���n&� m)y�m��¬{�n&{�o�m��)��Ö �)m*v�n�y3�Kn&� ��y�m0{ y&rHÖ���n&� m0n&� �Co&ru{5Õã� Ø �*tHm çA� ô ä å"å æ rHÖp�n&� m*o/ÕSpst¶Ö m*{�n&o���ÖIy&vKm)�*n&o&{5Õapso�m��s�8v�pso&n&rH�*{�t�psoFrHÖzn�m*o�m)y&n=7@Õ5�Ctun�m)Ö/¢Ey�pstunQn Ø vKm�n&� m*o/ÕSpstko�m3pC�*n��Co�yX���C{�tH~pstutH�(�©�¡�Co=ß�o�m)m)~/rHÖ��«�@��rutHmSo�m)�z{�ruo&rHÖ��g�)��Õ�v�pso�psn&ruq�m*t Ø tH�(� rHÖ�run&r�pst�rHÖ�q�m)Özn��Co&rHm)y��s��ä å"å æ ÞçA� mS{�v y�n&o�m3pYÕv�o��z~/{ �*n&rH��Ö_�s� ä å"å/æ �3pYÖ1ßKm���ß�n�psrHÖ m)~�n&��o��C{����gn&� m�{ y�m��s��n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�¢Bv�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5ÕÏÕ�r6��m)~I�3� Ø ~�m��¬{ m*t$rHÖv�o�m)y�m)Ö�n�¢E~ p Ø turu����nN��psn�m*oQo�m3pC�*n��Co�y.

çA��rHyK�}�Co&�£v�o�m)y�m)Özn�y3�$Ü o�y&n&t Ø �|n&� mI~�m*q�m*tH�Cv5Õ5m)Ö�n��s��n&� m ÝNÀ Ä:9¤m*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö±�)�z~�m�y Ø y&n�m)Õ��|p ñ�ÄUÄ��ß�½�m)�*n�¢E�Co&rHm)Özn�m)~¨�)�w~�m0n&��psn�pstutH�*�Jy�n&� m�y&n&{ ~ Ø �n&��o��C{������I��Özn�mÈñApso&tH�G+��M �ñ� Å-Fy&rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö=�=�s�$Ö�{ �*tHm3psoo�m3pC�*n��Co�y�pYÖ ~�n&� m�m*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ög�s��n&� m*ruo��¬{ m*t${5Ö ~�m*o¸Ö m*{�n&o���Ö_ruo&o�pC~/r�psn&rH��Ö= �çA� m/�� �ñ� �Õ5m*n&� �z~�y�pso�m/��m*tut6¢y&{�run�m)~��¡�Co8n&� mJy&n&{ ~ Ø �s�:pYÖ Ø o�m3pC�*n��Co3�|�@� m*n&� m*o|run3��~9ßKmJpYÖ5m��/rHy&n&rHÖ���o�m3pC�*n��Co�{ y&rHÖ��0p�Ö m8�¤�zrHÖ ~��s���{ m*t��CopQ�¬{�n&{�o�m��)��Ö �)m*v�n|pstun��C��m*n&� m*o3�sn&� m�y�rHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö�rHy`��Ö�t Ø ~�m*vKm)Ö ~�m)Ö�n���Ö6Ö�{ �*tHm3pso�~ psn�p/ F�`� pC�*n`pYÖ ~��)��Õ�v�tHm����m)��Õ5m*n&o&rHm)yA�3pYÖÈßKmJy&rHÕ�{�t�psn�m)~RpYÖ ~S�)��Özn&rHÖ�{ �C{ yAm)Ö m*o&� Ø v�pso&n&rH�*tHmQn&o�pYÖ y�v�Co&n�rHy|vm*o��¡�Co/Õ5m)~: e� æ ¬N�+rHy�pYÖrHÖ�n�m*o��BpC�)m·�@run&�d� ñsê��$�=n&� m ��m*tut6¢B�+Ö �*�»Ö£pYÖ ~¨qCpsturH~ psn�m)~¨n&o�pYÖ y&vK�Co&n��)�z~�m��kn&��psn0pstutH�*�Jy3�#pYÕ5��Ö����Cn&� m*o�¬{5Ö �*n&rH��Ö�psturun&rHm)y.� n��5y&rHÕ�{�t�psn�m��)��Ö y&n�pYÖznQvK�(�}m*o�pYÖ ~��)��Ö y&n�pYÖ�nFo�m3pC�*n&ruqzrun Ø m*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö y3 ªwm)�)��Ö ~/t Ø �Kn&� m�y&n&{ ~ Ø �s�}�g��� çA� �8{g��{ m*t$rHÖ_pR�)��Özq�m)Ö�n&rH��Ö�pst|turu���znU��psn�m*o�o�m3pC�*n��Co·+�¬����}-QrHy�v�o�m�¢

y�m)Ö�n�m)~�7/run@m��/v�tH�Co�m)yJ~/r6�:m*o�m)Ö�n@v�tu{�n���Ö�ru{5Õ �)��Ö �)m)Ö�n&o�psn&rH��Ö y�pYÖ ~�rHy��Cn��Cv�rH����{�psturun&rHm)yArHÖ��Co�~�m*o@n���m*q�pstu{�psn�mn&� m*ruo�y�p-��m*n Ø ����pso�pC�*n�m*o&rHy&n&rH�)y. `ªzrHÕ�{�t�psn&rH��Ö¤�s�Jn&� m*ruo0m*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö¤pstutH�*�Jy�{ y�n�����{�pYÖzn&r6� Ø n&� m2v�o��w~/{ �*n&rH��Ö�s��ä å"å æ psn�n&� m�m)Ö ~¤�s��ß�{�o/Ö�{�v= | #pCy&n3�8~/r6�Km*o�m)Özn���o�m)Ö ���ªy��)m)Ö�pso&rH��y5qCpsturH~ psn&rHÖ��Mp�vK��y�y&rHß�tHm�n&o�pYÖ y�run&rH��Ön��(�Apso�~�yQp�v�pso&�S�s�kn&� m*o/ÕSpst4çA� ô ä å"å æ ß�o�m)m)~�m*o�y.�/pso�mFv�o�m)y�m)Özn�m)~: ��BÖRn&� m)y�m�y��)m)Ö�pso&rH��y3�5ä å"å æ rHy�v�o��w~/{ �)m)~rHÖ-çA� �8{ Õ5�3�/m)~�turu����n��Apsn�m*oQo�m3pC�*n��Co�y3 Æ¨Í ÒAÇ�Ë=ÈeÈ}Ê

��{ m*tQm*q��Ctu{�n&rH��Ö=��Õ�r6��m)~w¢E�)� Ø ~�m-çA� �8{=�}�I��Özn�m�¢OñApso&tH���}� æ ¬��J�KÖ m*{�n&o���Ö�rH�)y3�|turu����nK��psn�m*oSo�m3pC�*n��Co�y.�n&o�pYÖ y&run&rH��ÖIy��)x)Ö�pso&rH��y3��n&� �Co&ru{5Õ�

�3Ù ¥