etude des risques et vulnérabilités au changement ... · •identification of flood-prone areas ....

Etude des risques et vulnérabilités au changement climatique dans les pays de la COI

et ébauche d’un plan d’action régional d’adaptation- PARA

dans le cadre du programme ACClimate de la COI

Réalisation

Groupement ASCONIT Consultants- PARETO

ATELIER NATIONAL MAURICEVULNERABILITE ET ADAPTATION AU CHANGEMENT

CLIMATIQUE

14 janvier 2011

Etude co-financée par FFEM, MAEE, Région Réunion

Factors Hazards Considered for Factors Hazards Considered for

report (findings and projection)report (findings and projection)�� Temperature increasing: Mean maxi by about 1.1 and mean Temperature increasing: Mean maxi by about 1.1 and mean minimum by about 2 deg minimum by about 2 deg celciuscelcius

��Model projection : 1.86 to 3.28 degModel projection : 1.86 to 3.28 deg

�� Rainfall decreasing trend: 12% between 1930 and presentRainfall decreasing trend: 12% between 1930 and present

��Longer dry spellsLonger dry spells

��Increase in frequency of heavy rainIncrease in frequency of heavy rain

�� SeaSea--level rising up to half a level rising up to half a metremetre

��Increase in the number of strong cyclonesIncrease in the number of strong cyclones

��Wind: no data but in accordance with cyclone numbersWind: no data but in accordance with cyclone numbers

��Model projection of CO2 increase up to 995 Model projection of CO2 increase up to 995 ppmppm by 2100 by 2100 (acidification)(acidification)

Health sensitivityHealth sensitivity••Increasing frequency of heat spells, giving rise to Increasing frequency of heat spells, giving rise to

cardiovascular and pulmonary complications.cardiovascular and pulmonary complications.

••Decreasing supply of freshwater, result in gastroenteritis, Decreasing supply of freshwater, result in gastroenteritis,

dehydration and lack of sanitation. dehydration and lack of sanitation.

••Recurrent floods, lead in to food spoilage, propagation of Recurrent floods, lead in to food spoilage, propagation of

vector borne and infectious diseases. vector borne and infectious diseases.

••Rising temperatures and variable precipitation are likely to Rising temperatures and variable precipitation are likely to

affect the production of staple foods leading to malnutrition.affect the production of staple foods leading to malnutrition.

••Rise in temperature, result in the lengthening of the Rise in temperature, result in the lengthening of the

transmission period of important vectortransmission period of important vector--borne diseasesborne diseases

Health adaptationHealth adaptation•• Monitoring/surveillance at port and Monitoring/surveillance at port and harbourharbour

••Cleaning of environmentCleaning of environment

••SensitisationSensitisation of populationof population

••New laboratory plannedNew laboratory planned

••Identification of floodIdentification of flood--prone areas prone areas

Health regulationHealth regulation�� The The Country Paper and the Health sector, 2006Country Paper and the Health sector, 2006does not specifically address the issue of climate does not specifically address the issue of climate

change with regard to the health sector. However, change with regard to the health sector. However,

some of the identified measures will help to cope some of the identified measures will help to cope

with these issues such as further strengthening the with these issues such as further strengthening the

onon--going surveillance system for the control of going surveillance system for the control of

communicable diseases. The oncommunicable diseases. The on--going intensive going intensive

islandisland--wide vector control wide vector control programmeprogramme will be will be

maintained and strengthened. Surveillance maintained and strengthened. Surveillance

programmesprogrammes at the port and airport will be at the port and airport will be

consolidated.consolidated.

Water resourcesWater resources

�� Decreasing trend: 12% between 1930 and presentDecreasing trend: 12% between 1930 and present

��Longer dry spells (Sept to Dec instead of Sept Longer dry spells (Sept to Dec instead of Sept --Oct)Oct)

�� Shift (later) in onset of summer rainsShift (later) in onset of summer rains

�� Change in ground water and riverChange in ground water and river--flow regimes. Waterflow regimes. Water--levels in rivers during each dry season lower than during levels in rivers during each dry season lower than during previous ones as result of lengthening of dry spell?previous ones as result of lengthening of dry spell?

��Management of reservoirs has become more challenging and Management of reservoirs has become more challenging and requires closer monitoringrequires closer monitoring

��Intrusion of salt water in coastal aquifers Intrusion of salt water in coastal aquifers ––monitoring monitoring ongoing.(Certainongoing.(Certain boreholes have been abandoned as salty)boreholes have been abandoned as salty)

��While availability of fresh global water is decreasing, demand While availability of fresh global water is decreasing, demand is increasing (domestic, industrial, tourism, services)is increasing (domestic, industrial, tourism, services)

Water Resources AdaptationWater Resources Adaptation

�� Reduction of losses in distribution systemReduction of losses in distribution system

�� Identification of new water sources Identification of new water sources

(underground)(underground)

�� Construction of new dams (Bagatelle and R des Construction of new dams (Bagatelle and R des

AnguillesAnguilles))

�� Water treatment for reuse (hotels with more Water treatment for reuse (hotels with more

than 75 rooms must recycle)than 75 rooms must recycle)

�� Desalination?Desalination?

Water RegulationWater Regulation�� An assessment of the impacts of climate change An assessment of the impacts of climate change

on the water sector has been conducted and on the water sector has been conducted and

measures for a more efficient use of this finite measures for a more efficient use of this finite

resource have been drawn up. Costresource have been drawn up. Cost––benefit benefit

analyses will be made for appropriate adaptation analyses will be made for appropriate adaptation

measures by the end of 2011 under AAP. A measures by the end of 2011 under AAP. A

Master Plan StudyMaster Plan Study for the development of for the development of

water resources is being drawn up. This will take water resources is being drawn up. This will take

into consideration impact of climate change on into consideration impact of climate change on

the sector. Legal framework will follow. the sector. Legal framework will follow.

AgricultureAgriculture••Heat stress which causes flower drop and loss in crop productiviHeat stress which causes flower drop and loss in crop productivity e.g., ty e.g.,

tomato crop productivity has at times been severely affected by tomato crop productivity has at times been severely affected by stress. stress.

••It affects livestock production. It affects livestock production.

•• Temperature increase which Temperature increase which favoursfavours faster growth rate of insect, pest faster growth rate of insect, pest

and vectors, increase disease transmission rate and expansion ofand vectors, increase disease transmission rate and expansion of the the

geographical ranges of agricultural pests and disease as well ageographical ranges of agricultural pests and disease as well as the s the

duration that they are prevalent.duration that they are prevalent.

••Higher temperatures result in increased Higher temperatures result in increased evapoevapo--transpiration rates and transpiration rates and

reduction in soil moisture. reduction in soil moisture.

••Changes in cropping pattern and crop cycle.Changes in cropping pattern and crop cycle.

••Shift in agricultural zone. Shift in agricultural zone.

••Loss of top fertile soil due to soil erosion particularly on theLoss of top fertile soil due to soil erosion particularly on the slopes. slopes.

••Inundation of low lying areas during extreme weather events. Inundation of low lying areas during extreme weather events.

Agriculture AdaptationAgriculture Adaptation�� New varieties (more heat resistant and requiring less water ) oNew varieties (more heat resistant and requiring less water ) of f

cultivarscultivars

�� Shift in regions? (limited land)Shift in regions? (limited land)

�� Pest control more intensivePest control more intensive

�� Sensitisation of vegetable growers on timeliness of activitiesSensitisation of vegetable growers on timeliness of activities

�� Increase in irrigation ? (limited water availability)Increase in irrigation ? (limited water availability)

�� Identification of Identification of inundableinundable zones and better preparedness against zones and better preparedness against

floodsfloods

�� Control of soil erosionControl of soil erosion

�� Maintain forest varieties and extentMaintain forest varieties and extent-- reafforestationreafforestation

Agriculture regulationAgriculture regulation�� AA Blueprint for a Sustainable Diversified Blueprint for a Sustainable Diversified AgriAgri--food food Strategy for Mauritius, 2008Strategy for Mauritius, 2008--2015 2015 –– addresses the food addresses the food

security through improving selfsecurity through improving self--sufficiency status of a sufficiency status of a

number of strategic crops in the short to medium term. number of strategic crops in the short to medium term.

�� AA Food Security Fund Food Security Fund has been set up to increase the has been set up to increase the

resilience of Mauritius towards food selfresilience of Mauritius towards food self--sufficiency and to sufficiency and to

face subsequent global food and feed crunches by face subsequent global food and feed crunches by

increasing production of foodstuff locally and at the increasing production of foodstuff locally and at the

regional level by partnering with regional level by partnering with neighbouringneighbouring countries. countries.

This will also help to curtail the adverse effects of climate This will also help to curtail the adverse effects of climate

change. The Fund also provides funds for adaptation such change. The Fund also provides funds for adaptation such

as the as the Food Crop Insurance Scheme and Sheltered Farming.Food Crop Insurance Scheme and Sheltered Farming.

Environment /Coastal ZoneEnvironment /Coastal Zone

�� Beach erosionBeach erosion

�� Coral bleaching and acidification impacts on coral reef ecosysteCoral bleaching and acidification impacts on coral reef ecosystem m

(Outer islands), including weakening of coral barriers, and (Outer islands), including weakening of coral barriers, and

impacts on seaimpacts on sea--grassgrass

�� Coral reef health (appearance of coral diseases)Coral reef health (appearance of coral diseases)

�� Change in mangrove extent and location with rising seaChange in mangrove extent and location with rising sea--level and level and

sedimentationsedimentation

�� Increase of landIncrease of land--based pollution with increase of rainfall based pollution with increase of rainfall

intensities and flood waterintensities and flood water

�� Intrusion of sea water (in wetlandsIntrusion of sea water (in wetlands--extant and locations)extant and locations)

�� Increase in invasive speciesIncrease in invasive species

�� Change in habitat and reproduction zones and feeding zones and Change in habitat and reproduction zones and feeding zones and

migration of pelagic fish, marine mammals, birds turtles...migration of pelagic fish, marine mammals, birds turtles...

Coastal Zone /EnvironmentCoastal Zone /Environment--

adaptationadaptation�� Control of artificial passes (in barrier reefs)Control of artificial passes (in barrier reefs)

�� Control of illegal constructions which were Control of illegal constructions which were

modifying modifying lagoonallagoonal currents and erosioncurrents and erosion

�� Beach nourishment and preservationBeach nourishment and preservation

�� Beach rehabilitation ( by planting )??Beach rehabilitation ( by planting )??

�� Marine protected areas and fish controlMarine protected areas and fish control

�� Transplantation of corals and mangrovesTransplantation of corals and mangroves

�� Control of flood dischargesControl of flood discharges

Coastal zone/Environment Coastal zone/Environment --

adaptationadaptation

�� Wetlands zones control and protection?? Wetlands zones control and protection??

(adherence to (adherence to RamsarRamsar Convention etc)Convention etc)

Coastal zone/Environment RegulationCoastal zone/Environment Regulation�� The The Environment Protection Act 2002Environment Protection Act 2002 has been amended to has been amended to

provide, provide, inter aliainter alia, for the setting up of a , for the setting up of a Multilateral Environmental Multilateral Environmental

Agreement (Agreement (MEAsMEAs) Coordinating Committee) Coordinating Committee to ensure better mainstreaming to ensure better mainstreaming

of all of all MEAsMEAs into into sectoralsectoral and national policies. In some cases, the and national policies. In some cases, the

legislations do provide for the necessary framework to deal withlegislations do provide for the necessary framework to deal with

climate change but they are very often not enforced due to inadeclimate change but they are very often not enforced due to inadequate quate

means. Government has planned to amend these to better address means. Government has planned to amend these to better address

climate change and its impacts. climate change and its impacts.

�� TheThe National Environment Policy, 2007 National Environment Policy, 2007 highlighted the highlighted the

importance of climate change to Mauritius. The objective of importance of climate change to Mauritius. The objective of

Government is to enhance preparedness of the country so as to Government is to enhance preparedness of the country so as to

address the impacts of extreme weather events, climate change anaddress the impacts of extreme weather events, climate change and sea d sea

level rise and other environmental disasters. The national targelevel rise and other environmental disasters. The national targets are tots are to

iimprove national and regional coordination for early warning systmprove national and regional coordination for early warning systems, ems,

enhance the preparedness of the local population, prepare an enhance the preparedness of the local population, prepare an

integrated action plan to better respond and adapt to disasters integrated action plan to better respond and adapt to disasters and to and to

set up a panel of experts for disaster management. set up a panel of experts for disaster management.

Coastal zone/Environment RegulationCoastal zone/Environment Regulation�� TheThe National Biodiversity Strategy and Action National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2006Plan, 2006--2016 2016 recommends the development of recommends the development of

an ICZM plan and the study of Environment an ICZM plan and the study of Environment

Sensitive Areas towards protecting biodiversity. Sensitive Areas towards protecting biodiversity.

Additional measures include increasing the area of Additional measures include increasing the area of

coastal wetlands and mangroves, and to include coastal wetlands and mangroves, and to include

10% of Mauritian terrestrial area within the 10% of Mauritian terrestrial area within the

Protected Area Project.Protected Area Project.

�� The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable

Development has developed a framework for the Development has developed a framework for the

Environment Sensitive Areas which has been Environment Sensitive Areas which has been

adopted by Governmentadopted by Government. .

ForestryForestry�� CC affects the biological pattern of plants CC affects the biological pattern of plants

(Forests are heavily dependent on water cycle (Forests are heavily dependent on water cycle

and air temperature)and air temperature)

�� If induce the migration of species to cooler areas If induce the migration of species to cooler areas

the naturally occurring fauna and flora will be the naturally occurring fauna and flora will be

displaced in the new areas while the indigenous displaced in the new areas while the indigenous

and endemic plants in the cooler areas of the and endemic plants in the cooler areas of the

island will be seriously affected.island will be seriously affected.

�� Decrease in rainfall will exacerbate the situation. Decrease in rainfall will exacerbate the situation.

�� Increase fire outbreaksIncrease fire outbreaks

Forestry Forestry -- adaptationadaptation

�� Replace all felled treesReplace all felled trees

�� Maintain reservesMaintain reserves

�� Control diseaseControl disease

�� Control fire outbreaks (cleaning of forest)Control fire outbreaks (cleaning of forest)

�� Remove invasive speciesRemove invasive species

Forestry regulationForestry regulation�� TheThe National Forest Policy, 2006National Forest Policy, 2006 spells out key spells out key

activities to counter the major cause of climate change. activities to counter the major cause of climate change.

The strategy includes measures to enhance sink capacity The strategy includes measures to enhance sink capacity

through better management of existing forests while through better management of existing forests while

reducing timber exploitation. reducing timber exploitation.

�� The Forest Land Information System The Forest Land Information System (FLIS) was (FLIS) was

developed under the GEF Sustainable Land developed under the GEF Sustainable Land

Management Project. Management Project.

�� In addition, Mauritius is currently implementing the In addition, Mauritius is currently implementing the

Land Administration, Valuation and Information Land Administration, Valuation and Information

Management System (LAVIMS)Management System (LAVIMS) to address a number of to address a number of

disciplines, ranging from law, valuation, surveying, land disciplines, ranging from law, valuation, surveying, land

registration and land planning. registration and land planning.

FisheriesFisheries�� Rise in Rise in sea surface temperature and acidificationsea surface temperature and acidification: : will cause coral mortality will cause coral mortality and decrease of reef fish and decrease of reef fish

biomassbiomass

�� CC has an effect on the distribution pattern of species. CC has an effect on the distribution pattern of species.

Movement of tuna stocks may disrupt fish based Movement of tuna stocks may disrupt fish based

industries.industries.

�� Changes in fish stock distribution and fluctuations in Changes in fish stock distribution and fluctuations in

abundance of conventionally fished and abundance of conventionally fished and ““newnew”” species species

may disrupt existing allocation arrangements.may disrupt existing allocation arrangements.

�� Changes in migration patterns and depth of fish stocks Changes in migration patterns and depth of fish stocks

are the main factors affecting the distribution are the main factors affecting the distribution

availability of tuna and othersavailability of tuna and others

Fisheries Fisheries -- adaptationadaptation

�� Control of fishing (quota, specie, season, fish Control of fishing (quota, specie, season, fish

gear, gear, MPAsMPAs, , lagoonallagoonal and high sea)and high sea)

�� Research and monitoring (Research and monitoring (lagoonallagoonal and high sea)and high sea)

�� Shift target fish specie for high sea fishing Shift target fish specie for high sea fishing

(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission).(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission).

�� Change in fishing gear and toolsChange in fishing gear and tools

�� Recycling of fishermen (incentives to Recycling of fishermen (incentives to lagoonallagoonal

fishermen)fishermen)

Fisheries regulationFisheries regulation�� TheThe Fisheries Development Plan, 1998 Fisheries Development Plan, 1998 highlighted the precarious status of artisanal highlighted the precarious status of artisanal

fishery as a result of direct and indirect adverse fishery as a result of direct and indirect adverse

effects of climate change on the marine effects of climate change on the marine

ecosystems of the lagoon. An Aquaculture ecosystems of the lagoon. An Aquaculture

Master Plan has been prepared in addition to Master Plan has been prepared in addition to

encouraging bank fishing as well as promoting encouraging bank fishing as well as promoting

exploitation of pelagic fishes as alternatives. exploitation of pelagic fishes as alternatives.

Land Use /BuildingsLand Use /Buildings

�� Damage to coastal roads and other infrastructures a Damage to coastal roads and other infrastructures a

result of searesult of sea--level rise (hotels, port....)level rise (hotels, port....)

�� Displacement of populationDisplacement of population

�� Inland damages and impacts as a result of flooding Inland damages and impacts as a result of flooding

and cyclonesand cyclones

�� Other infrastructures (communication, electricity )Other infrastructures (communication, electricity )

�� Heat Stress in buildingsHeat Stress in buildings

Buildings Buildings -- adaptationadaptation

�� More energyMore energy--efficient buildings (Energy efficient buildings (Energy

Efficient Bill)Efficient Bill)

�� Appropriate Building Materials?Appropriate Building Materials?

�� Elevated construction ??? Elevated construction ???

�� Identification of Identification of inundableinundable areas areas

Energy Energy ––including adaptationincluding adaptation

�� Increase in demandsIncrease in demands

�� Renewable energyRenewable energy

�� Incentive to produce and sell by individuals to CEBIncentive to produce and sell by individuals to CEB

�� Energy efficient bulbs given free of charge to Energy efficient bulbs given free of charge to

consumersconsumers

�� Replacement of old generators at CEBReplacement of old generators at CEB

�� CoCo--generation (coal and generation (coal and bagassebagasse) by Independent ) by Independent

Power GeneratorsPower Generators

Infrastructure/Buildings Energy Infrastructure/Buildings Energy

RegulationRegulation

�� The The Long Term Energy Strategy 2009 Long Term Energy Strategy 2009 -- 20252025 was was

adopted in October 2009 with the target of meeting adopted in October 2009 with the target of meeting

35% of the energy demand through renewable energy 35% of the energy demand through renewable energy

sources by the year 2025. Concurrently, multitude sources by the year 2025. Concurrently, multitude

options have been identified to improve energy options have been identified to improve energy

efficiency at both the demand and supply side ends and efficiency at both the demand and supply side ends and

the adoption of cleaner technologies with lower the adoption of cleaner technologies with lower

emission standards for fossil fuels emission standards for fossil fuels utilisedutilised..

�� Revision of Building Codes to make buildings more Revision of Building Codes to make buildings more

energy efficientenergy efficient

Industry and ServicesIndustry and Services

�� Water consumption Water consumption

�� Infrastructure degradationInfrastructure degradation

�� Increase of costs of provision of servicesIncrease of costs of provision of services

�� Recycling of water (see water resources and Recycling of water (see water resources and

landland--use..)use..)

TourismTourism

�� Degradation of the environment (diminish attractiveness)Degradation of the environment (diminish attractiveness)

�� Effluent dischargeEffluent discharge

�� Limitation of tourist arrivals & accommodation (seaLimitation of tourist arrivals & accommodation (sea--level rise, level rise,

extreme weather)extreme weather)

�� Water availabilityWater availability

�� Heat stressHeat stress

�� DiseaseDisease

�� Food availabilityFood availability

TourismTourism--adaptationadaptation

�� Linked with other sectorsLinked with other sectors-- health, water, health, water,

agriculture, environment, landagriculture, environment, land--use and building, use and building,

energy, services, fisheriesenergy, services, fisheries

Tourism regulationTourism regulation�� TheThe Hotel Development StrategyHotel Development Strategy aims at developing aims at developing

guidelines for adherence to Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) and guidelines for adherence to Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) and

for giving due consideration to ecofor giving due consideration to eco--friendly and energyfriendly and energy--saving saving

practices by hotel promoters. The practices by hotel promoters. The Tourism Development Tourism Development Plan, 2000Plan, 2000 sets as objective the establishment of Mauritius as a sets as objective the establishment of Mauritius as a

““Green DestinationGreen Destination”” by 2020. by 2020.

�� A study for the Development of an A study for the Development of an Integrated Coastal Zone Integrated Coastal Zone ManagementManagement Framework has been completed with the Framework has been completed with the

objectives of:objectives of:

�� Developing an ICZM Strategy for Mauritius;Developing an ICZM Strategy for Mauritius;

�� Reviewing and Preparing a National Policy and Comprehensive Reviewing and Preparing a National Policy and Comprehensive

Legislative Framework; andLegislative Framework; and

�� Preparing ICZM Area Plans for Pressure Zones in Mauritius.Preparing ICZM Area Plans for Pressure Zones in Mauritius.

3. SENSIBILITE 5.VULNERABILITE

Secteurs Aléas à prendre en compteStress généré Appréciation Capacité

intrinsèque

(resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au

système,

opportunité

Appréciation

1Température, 2 Niveau de la

mer, 3 Précipitations, 4 Vents, 5

Modification des fondamentaux

environnementaux (saisons…), 6

Cyclone, 7 Acidification des

océans, 8 effets indirects (que l'on

peut atténuer avec une action

humaine) feux; maladies, pestes…

effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 3Santé publique

X Sous sect 2 Maladies infectieuses à vecteur (paludisme, chikungunya…)1,3, 5, 6 Augmentation élevée variable Moyenne Moyenne ?

X Sous sect 3 Mortalité cardio-vasculaire, maladies respiratoires, maladies de

la peau (vagues de chaleur, ozone, pollen)

1Augmentation élevée variable Moyenne Moyenne ?

X autres Malnutrition (mauvaises récoltes) 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 (mal) Augmentation élevée faible Moyenne Moyenne ?

4. CAPACITE d'ADAPTATION1. ENJEUX

Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE

Politico-economique 0 0

Environnemental 0 0

Social 0 1 1

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 1 1 0 0 2

Health

Water

3. SENSIBILITE 5.VULNERABILITESecteurs Aléas à prendre en compteStress généré Appréciation Capacité

intrinsèque (resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au système, opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible moyenne

forte

Secteur 4

X Sous sect 1 Gestion de la ressource, quantité et qualité 3Diminution quantité et qualité

élevée faible Moyenne Moyenne

X Sous sect 2 Production et distribution, gestion intégrée de bassin versant 3Diminution production

élevée - Moyenne Moyenne

X Sous sect 3 Assainissement et rejet 3, 6 eaux pluviales et eaux usées


4. CAPACITE d'ADAPTATION1. ENJEUXSous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

Gestion intégrée des ressources en eau, cycle de l'eau

S D A R SCORE

Poltico-economique 0 0

Environnemental 0 1 0 1 2Social 0 0

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 1 1 0 1 3

3. SENSIBILITE 5.VULNERABILITESecteurs Aléas à prendre en compteStress généré Appréciation Capacité

intrinsèque (resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible moyenne

forte

Secteur 5

X Sous sect 1 Agriculture intensive avec engrais (dont canne à sucre, bio carburants…)

1,3, 8 (inv, mal, ins) Diminution production

élevée ? Moyenne Moyenne

X Sous sect 2 Agriculture vivrière , maraichage et cueillette 1,3, 8 (inv, mal, ins) Diminution

production


X Sous sect 3 Exploitation forestière 1,3, 8 (mal, inv) Diminution

production


X Sous sect 4 Elevage 1, 3, 8 (mal) Diminution production


X Sous secteur 5 Gestion des sols, lutte contre érosion et desertification 1,3, 8 (feux, gliss) Desertification élevée ? Moyenne Moyenne

x Sous secteur 6 Gestion des pestes, espèces invasives ou parasites… 1, 3, 5 Augmenttion des sp

inv et mal

élevée faible Faible Forte

4. CAPACITE d'ADAPTATION1. ENJEUXSous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

Agriculture, sécurité alimentaire et exploitation des forêts

S D A R SCORE


Environnemental 0 1 0 1 2

Social 0 0

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 1 1 0 1 3

Agriculture


Secteurs Aléas à prendre en compteStress généré Appréciation Capacité intrinsèque (resilience)

Capacité exterieure au système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 6

x Sous sect 1 Terrestre : forêts, savanes… 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 (feux, inv) Diminution

couverture et biodiv

élevée ? Faible Forte

x Sous sect 2 Côtiers ( cote sableuse, mangroves…récifs, herbiers…) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (inv, mal)Diminution


élevée variable

(faible)

Faible Forte

x Sous sect 3 Marins atolls lointains et hors récifal… 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (inv, mal) Diminution


élevée variable

(faible)

Faible Forte

X Sous sect 4 Milieux aquatiques terrestres, cours d'eau, zone humide…1, 2, 3, 6, 8 (inv, mal) Diminution


? ? Faible Forte (?)

x Sous sect 5 Biodiversité faune et flore, gestion des espèces invasives,

espèces emblématiques (cétacés, tortues)

1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 Diminution biodiv et

abondance

élevée faible Faible Forte

4. CAPACITE d'ADAPTATION

Préservation de l'environnement et des milieux (milieux naturels terrestres,

côtiers, marins, milieu aquatiques terrestres)

1. ENJEUX

Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE


Environnemental 0 0 0 0 0

Social 0 0

Gouvernance 1 1TOTAL 1 0 0 0 1

Environnement



intrinsèque

(resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au

système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 7Pêche

x Sous sect 1 Pêche hauturière 1, 4, 5, 7, 8 (mal) Diminution

production

? ? Moyenne Moyenne ?

x Sous sect 2 Pêche traditionnelle et cueillette 1, 5, 7, 8 (inv, mal) Diminution

production

élevée Faible Faible Forte

x Sous sect 3 Aquaculture 1, 8 (mal) Diminution

production

? ? Moyenne Moyenne ?


Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE


Environnemental 0 0 0 0

Social 0 0

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 2 0 0 0 2Pêche



intrinsèque

(resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au

système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 8

x Sous sect 1 Habitat et logements, bâtis 2, 3, 6, 8 (gliss) Endomagement/inondations

élevée Moyenne Moyenne Moyenne

x Sous sect 2 Déplacement et insfrastructures linéaires 2, 3, 6, 8 Augmentation

déplacement/Endom

agement/inondation

s


x Sous sect 3 Gros aménagements et infrastructures (ports…) 2, 3, 6, 8 Endomagement/ino

ndations


x Sous sect 4 Entreprises et commerces 2, 3, 6, 8 Endomagement/inondations


Planification spatiale, aménagements et infrastructures, gestion du risque


Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE


Environnemental 0 1 0 1

Social 0 0 1 1

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 1 1 0 1 3Infrastructure



intrinsèque

(resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au

système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 11

X Sous sect 2 Industrie secondaire transformation et manufacture 3Manque d'eau élevée Moyenne Moyenne

x Sous sect 3 Industrie tertiaire et services dont banques et assurances2, 3, 6, 8 (mal) Augmentation des

coûts

élevée Moyenne Moyenne

Industrie, commerces et services


Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE

Politico-economique 0 0Environnemental 0 0

Social 1 1

Gouvernance 1 1

TOTAL 2 0 0 0 2

Service



intrinsèque

(resilience)

Capacité

exterieure au

système,

opportunité

Appréciation









effet direct et

ampleur

Selon 3 degrés

faible

moyenne

forte

Secteur 12Tourisme

x Sous sect 1 Tourisme de masse, tourisme hotelier et résidentiel et

déplacements par avion (package vacances)

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (mal)Diminution de

capacité d'accueil et

attraction


x Sous sect 2 Tourisme vert éco tourisme 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (inv, mal, feux)

Diminution attraction


? Sous sect 3 Loisirs, sports de nature, eaux vives, sports aquatiques et

subaquatiques

1, 3, 5 , 8 (mal) Diminution

attraction

élevée faible Forte Forte


Sous secteurs

2.EXPOSITION

S D A R SCORE


Environnemental 1 0 1

Social 0 0

Gouvernance 1 1TOTAL 2 0 0 0 2

Tourism

Key issues for Mauritius and for COI countries :� Water management :� Health (vector diseases and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases)

� Agriculture� Fisheries (specifically artisanal fisheries)� Environment (specifically coral reef, mangroves and wetlands)

� Land use (specifically materials buildings, identifier les zones à risques - soil slide, flood- and sea level rise)

� Tourism (transversal)

Réflexions, orientations sur� Gouvernance ;� Financement ;� Connaissance et améliorations des prévisions (cf. réseau océan Indien en cours de mise en place)

� Réseau des pays de la COI sur Environment (AMP, invasive species), santé, industrial fisheries (CTOI);

� Formation, information, éducation

etude des risques et vulnérabilités au changement ... · •identification of flood-prone areas ....

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